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<mods:title>Paramo Calamagrostis s. l. (Poaceae): An updated list and key to the species known or likely to occur in paramos of NW South America and southern Central America including two new species, one new variety and five new records for Colombia</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName LSID="9BE76333-271A-5B6B-91BC-F9CD2DE40409" authority="(Kunth) Trin. ex Steud., Nomencl. Bot. (ed. 2) 1: 251. 1840. Deyeuxia planifolia Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (quarto ed.) 1: 145. 1815 [1816]. Arundo planifolia (Kunth) Poir., Encycl. 4: 707. 1816." class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Calamagrostis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Calamagrostis planifolia" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="planifolia">Calamagrostis planifolia (Kunth) Trin. ex Steud., Nomencl. Bot. (ed. 2) 1: 251. 1840. Deyeuxia planifolia Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (quarto ed.) 1: 145. 1815[1816]. Arundo planifolia (Kunth) Poir., Encycl. 4: 707. 1816.</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">Type.</emphasis>
PERU. In montanis Andinum Peruvianorum prope Guangamarca, 1250 hexap. [2286 m], 1833, Bonpland s.n. (holotype: P (P00729787 [image!]); isotype: BAA (BAA00001855 [image!]) fragm. ex P, P (P030106 [image!]) fragm., LE (LE-TRIN-1801.01!) fragm. ex Herb. Willd. 176).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="29">
=
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pilg" authorityYear="1898" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Deyeuxia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Deyeuxia pubescens" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pubescens">Deyeuxia pubescens</taxonomicName>
Pilg., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 25(5): 712. 1898, syn. nov.
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pilg" authorityYear="1908" baseAuthorityName="Pilg" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Calamagrostis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Calamagrostis pubescens" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pubescens">Calamagrostis pubescens</taxonomicName>
(Pilg.) Pilg., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 42: 60. 1908, syn. nov. Type: COLOMBIA. [Crescit in monte ignivomo Pasto]
<normalizedToken originalValue="Volcán">Volcan</normalizedToken>
de Pasto, 3400 m alt., 9 Dec. 1869,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Stübel">Stuebel</normalizedToken>
389b (lectotype, designated by
<bibRefCitation author="Vega, AS" journalOrPublisher="Botanica" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" pagination="31 - 35" refId="B44" refString="Vega, AS, Rugolo de Agrasar, ZE, 2013. Lectotypifications in taxa of the genera Calamagrostis, Deyeuxia, and Digitaria (Poaceae). Gayana. Botanica 70 (1): 31 - 35" title="Lectotypifications in taxa of the genera Calamagrostis, Deyeuxia, and Digitaria (Poaceae). Gayana." volume="70" year="2013">
Vega and
<normalizedToken originalValue="Rúgolo">Rugolo</normalizedToken>
de Agrasar (2013
</bibRefCitation>
: 28): BAA (BAA00000811 [image!]) fragm. ex B; isolectotype: US (US00406355!) fragm. ex B).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="29">
=
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hack" authorityYear="1902" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Calamagrostis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Calamagrostis pittieri" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pittieri">Calamagrostis pittieri</taxonomicName>
Hack., Oesterr. Bot. Z. 52(3): 108. 1902, syn. nov. Type: COSTA RICA. Cerro de Buena Vista, pres du sommit, [prope cacumen, Valle du General], 3100 m alt., 19 Jan. 1891, Pittier s.n. Pl. Costaric. Exs. 3359 (holotype: W (W19160029198 [image!]); isotypes: B, BR (BR0000006865702 [image!]), BAA (BAA00000766 [image!]) fragm. ex B).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="29" type="comments">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="29">Comments.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="29">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hack" authorityYear="1902" class="Liliopsida" family="Gramineae" genus="Calamagrostis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Calamagrostis pittieri" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pittieri">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">Calamagrostis pittieri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, recorded for Costa Rica, Colombia and Venezuela (
<bibRefCitation author="Morales-Quiros, JF" editor="Hammel, BE" journalOrPublisher="Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 93 (3)" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" pagination="598 - 821" refId="B21" refString="Morales-Quiros, JF, 2003. Poaceae. In: Hammel, BE, Grayum, MH, Herrera-Mora, C, Zamora-Villalobos, N, Eds., Manual of Plants of Costa Rica. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 93(3): 598 - 821" title="Poaceae." volumeTitle="Manual of Plants of Costa Rica." year="2003">
Morales
<normalizedToken originalValue="Quirós">Quiros</normalizedToken>
2003
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Hokche, O" journalOrPublisher="Contributions from the United States National Herbarium" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" refId="B13" refString="Hokche, O, Berry, PE, Huber, O, 2008. (2008) Nuevo Catalogo de la Flora Vascular de Venezuela. Fundacion Instituto Botanico de Venezuela, Caracas, 1-859." title="(2008) Nuevo Catalogo de la Flora Vascular de Venezuela. Fundacion Instituto Botanico de Venezuela, Caracas, 1 - 859." year="2008">Hokche et al. 2008</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Giraldo-Canas, D" journalOrPublisher="Darwiniana" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" pagination="139 - 247" refId="B9" refString="Giraldo-Canas, D, 2011. Catalogo de la familia Poaceae en Colombia. Darwiniana 49: 139 - 247" title="Catalogo de la familia Poaceae en Colombia." volume="49" year="2011">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Giraldo-Cañas">Giraldo-Canas</normalizedToken>
2011
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Giraldo-Canas, D" journalOrPublisher="Darwiniana" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" refId="B10" refString="Giraldo-Canas, D, 2013. Las gramineas en Colombia: riqueza, distribucion, endemismo, invasion, migracion, usos y taxonomias populares. Biblioteca Jose Jeronimo Triana No. 26, 1-382." title="Las gramineas en Colombia: riqueza, distribucion, endemismo, invasion, migracion, usos y taxonomias populares. Biblioteca Jose Jeronimo Triana No. 26, 1 - 382." year="2013">2013</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Giraldo-Canas, D" editor="Bernal, R" journalOrPublisher="2. Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota D. C." pageId="0" pageNumber="29" pagination="2127 - 2205" refId="B11" refString="Giraldo-Canas, D, Londono, X, Clark, LG, 2016. Poaceae. In: Bernal, R, Gradstein, SR, Celis, M, Eds., Catalogo de plantas y liquenes de Colombia, vol. 2. Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota D.C.: 2127 - 2205" title="Poaceae." volumeTitle="Catalogo de plantas y liquenes de Colombia, vol." year="2016">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Giraldo-Cañas">Giraldo-Canas</normalizedToken>
et al. 2016
</bibRefCitation>
) is synonymised under
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Gramineae" genus="Calamagrostis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Calamagrostis planifolia" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="planifolia">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">Calamagrostis planifolia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as no satisfactory characteristics were found to separate the two. Both have spikelets with florets bearing a pilose rachilla extension with hairs reaching from
<normalizedToken originalValue="¾">3/4</normalizedToken>
to passing the apex of the lemma, an awn inserted in the upper half of the lemma, 2 anthers that usually are short, ca. 1-1.4 mm long and leaf blades that are usually flat (sometimes drying convolute) with variable indumentum.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="29">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pilg" authorityYear="1908" baseAuthorityName="Pilg" class="Liliopsida" family="Gramineae" genus="Calamagrostis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Calamagrostis pubescens" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pubescens">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">Calamagrostis pubescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was considered an endemic species to Colombia (
<bibRefCitation author="Giraldo-Canas, D" journalOrPublisher="Darwiniana" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" refId="B10" refString="Giraldo-Canas, D, 2013. Las gramineas en Colombia: riqueza, distribucion, endemismo, invasion, migracion, usos y taxonomias populares. Biblioteca Jose Jeronimo Triana No. 26, 1-382." title="Las gramineas en Colombia: riqueza, distribucion, endemismo, invasion, migracion, usos y taxonomias populares. Biblioteca Jose Jeronimo Triana No. 26, 1 - 382." year="2013">
Giraldo-
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cañas">Canas</normalizedToken>
2013
</bibRefCitation>
) and only known from the type specimen that was collected in southern Colombia from hills surrounding Pasto of departamento Narino. The B holotype was destroyed during World War II, with fragments only remaining at BAA and US. The BAA fragment consists of spikelets whose size and characteristics match
<taxonomicName class="Monocotyledoneae" family="Gramineae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. planifolia" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="planifolia">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">C. planifolia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Zulma
<normalizedToken originalValue="Rúgolo">Rugolo</normalizedToken>
de Agrasar, pers. comm.), and the description of vegetative characteristics in the protologue also matches
<taxonomicName class="Monocotyledoneae" family="Gramineae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. planifolia" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="planifolia">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">C. planifolia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and so we consider
<taxonomicName class="Monocotyledoneae" family="Gramineae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. pubescens" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="pubescens">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">C. pubescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
a synonym of
<taxonomicName class="Monocotyledoneae" family="Gramineae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. planifolia" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="planifolia">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">C. planifolia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Nevertheless, further study is needed for the
<taxonomicName class="Monocotyledoneae" family="Gramineae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. planifolia" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="planifolia">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">C. planifolia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
complex in Colombia and there are certain crucial characters, such as number of stamens that need to be verified in these taxa. The
<taxonomicName class="Monocotyledoneae" family="Gramineae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. pubescens" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="pubescens">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="29">C. pubescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
BAA fragment lacked anthers (Zulma
<normalizedToken originalValue="Rúgolo">Rugolo</normalizedToken>
de Agrasar, pers. comm.) and
<bibRefCitation author="Pilger, RKF" journalOrPublisher="Botanische Jahrbuecher fuer Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie" pageId="0" pageNumber="29" pagination="709 - 721" refId="B26" refString="Pilger, RKF, 1898. Plantae Stuebelianae novae, Gramineae. Botanische Jahrbuecher fuer Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie 25 (5): 709 - 721" title="Plantae Stuebelianae novae, Gramineae." volume="25" year="1898">Pilger (1898</bibRefCitation>
: 712) did not describe them.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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10.
<taxonomicName LSID="3BE35DAE-0FD1-5E19-B087-AEDA50DF6775" authority="M. P. Morim, Iganci &amp; E. J. M. Koenen" authorityName="M. P. Morim, Iganci &amp; E. J. M. Koenen" authorityYear="2022" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Hydrochorea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Hydrochorea uaupensis" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="401" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="uaupensis" status="sp. nov.">Hydrochorea uaupensis M.P. Morim, Iganci &amp; E.J.M. Koenen</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="401">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="401" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="401">
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. The genus Hydrochorea Barneby &amp; J. W. Grimes A The amphi-atlantic geographic distribution of Hydrochorea B Hydrochorea pedicellaris (DC.) M. V. B. Soares, Iganci &amp; M. P. Morim foliage and fruits C Hydrochorea corymbosa (Rich.) Barneby &amp; J. W. Grimes foliage and fruits D Hydrochorea panurensis (Spruce ex Benth.) M. V. B. Soares, M. P. Morim &amp; Iganci foliage and fruits E Hydrochorea uaupensis M. P. Morim, Iganci &amp; E. J. M. Koenen in habitat, with foliage and fruits F Flowers of H. uaupensis after rain G mature fruits of H. uaupensis. B, C from M. V. B Soares D from D. Cardoso E-G from J. R. V. Iganci." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.205.82775.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/733494" pageId="0" pageNumber="401">Figs 2A, E-G</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. The genus Hydrochorea Barneby &amp; J. W. Grimes (continued). Species from the Americas A flowering branch of Hydrochorea corymbosa (Rich.) Barneby &amp; J. W. Grimes B close-up of inflorescence of H. corymbosa C discolorous leaves of H. corymbosa D close-up of inflorescence of Hydrochorea panurensis (Spruce ex Benth.) M. V. B. Soares, M. P. Morim &amp; Iganci E unripe lomentiform pod of H. panurensis F close-up of inflorescence of Hydrochorea pedicellaris (DC.) M. V. B. Soares, Iganci &amp; M. P. Morim, with a few peripheral flowers removed to expose sessile terminal flowers G unripe pods of H. pedicellaris H dehisced follicular pods of H. pedicellaris showing papery septate endocarp I detail of primary rachis of H. pedicellaris showing interpinnal extra-floral nectaries J inflorescence of Hydrochorea uaupensis M. P. Morim, Iganci &amp; E. J. M. Koenen showing large sessile central flower and pedicellate peripheral flowers K unripe crypto-lomentiform pod and seed enveloped by septate endocarp of H. uaupensis; African species L inflorescence of Hydrochorea obliquifoliolata (De Wild.) E. J. M. Koenen M pinnae of Hydrochorea rhombifolia (Benth.) E. J. M. Koenen showing rhombic leaflets. A-E, J, K Erik Koenen F-I Colin Hughes L Jan Wieringa M William Hawthorne. Vouchers A-C J. R. V. Iganci 862 D, E M. P. Morim 563 F-I L. P. Queiroz 15529 J, K M. P. Morim 577 L J. J. Wieringa 6519 M unvouchered." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.205.82775.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/733495" pageId="0" pageNumber="401">, 3J, K</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Hydrochorea uaupensis M. P. Morim, Iganci &amp; E. J. M. Koenen A branch with inflorescences B branch with fruits C ovary D terminal flower E peripheral flower F dehisced fruit G detail of fruit endocarp forming 1 - seeded articles H, I monospermous articles. A-I from M. P. Morim et al. 577. Illustration by Joao Augusto Castor Silva." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.205.82775.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/733500" pageId="0" pageNumber="401">, 8</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="401" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="401">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="401">
<taxonomicName authorityName="M. P. Morim, Iganci &amp; E. J. M. Koenen" authorityYear="2022" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Hydrochorea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Hydrochorea uaupensis" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="401" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="uaupensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="401">Hydrochorea uaupensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is morphologically similar in appearance to
<taxonomicName genus="H." lsidName="H. leucocalyx" pageId="0" pageNumber="401" rank="species" species="leucocalyx">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="401">H. leucocalyx</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Britton &amp; Rose) Iganci, M.V.B. Soares &amp; M.P. Morim by its leaflets and inflorescence, however it differs by having a red or green calyx, pink corolla, 1-2 pairs of pinnae, and crypto-lomentiform fruits (vs. white calyx and corolla, 3-5(-6) pairs of pinnae and indehiscent fruits in
<taxonomicName genus="H." lsidName="H. leucocalyx" pageId="0" pageNumber="401" rank="species" species="leucocalyx">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="401">H. leucocalyx</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.205.82775.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/733500" pageId="0" pageNumber="401" start="Figure 8" startId="F8">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="401">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="401">Figure 8.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="M. P. Morim, Iganci &amp; E. J. M. Koenen" authorityYear="2022" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Hydrochorea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Hydrochorea uaupensis" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="401" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="uaupensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="401">Hydrochorea uaupensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
M.P. Morim, Iganci &amp; E.J.M. Koenen
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="401">A</emphasis>
branch with inflorescences
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="401">B</emphasis>
branch with fruits
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="401">C</emphasis>
ovary
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="401">D</emphasis>
terminal flower
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="401">E</emphasis>
peripheral flower
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="401">F</emphasis>
dehisced fruit
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="401">G</emphasis>
detail of fruit endocarp forming 1-seeded articles
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="401">H, I</emphasis>
monospermous articles.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="401">A-I</emphasis>
from
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="401">M.P. Morim et al. 577</emphasis>
. Illustration by
<normalizedToken originalValue="João">Joao</normalizedToken>
Augusto Castor Silva.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="401" type="type material">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="401">Type material.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="401">
Brazil, Amazonas,
<normalizedToken originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
Gabriel da Cachoeira.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Igarapé">Igarape</normalizedToken>
Tibuari, afluente do
<normalizedToken originalValue="Vaupés">Vaupes</normalizedToken>
0°05'5&quot;N, 67°23'16&quot;W, 23 July 2012, fl. and fr.,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="401">M.P. Morim</emphasis>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="401">J.R.V. Iganci</emphasis>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="401">F. Bonadeu</emphasis>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="401">E. Koenen 577</emphasis>
(holotype: RB [RB00728413]!; isotypes: HUEFS!, INPA!, K!, MBM!, MG!, MO!, NY!, PEL!, S!, US!, Z!).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="401" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="401">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="401">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="401">Trees</emphasis>
2-6 m tall, trunk not observed, partially underwater during seasonal inundation. Branches, leaf axes and peduncles sparsely pubescent to glabrescent.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="401">Stipules</emphasis>
linear, to 1.2 cm long, densely pubescent on outer surface.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="401">Leaves</emphasis>
with 1-2 pairs of pinnae; petiole including pulvinus 1.5-4.5 cm, cylindrical; rachis 0 or 3-4(-9) cm, glabrous, canaliculate; extrafloral nectaries borne between first or both pairs of pinnae, sessile, patelliform and smaller nectaries usually present between the leaflet pairs; pinnae 3-5 jugate; leaflets subsessile on pulvinules, chartaceous, c. 2-4(-6)
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
1.5-2(-3) cm, rhomboid or ovate, apex emarginate or obtuse, sometimes with a minute mucro, base asymmetrically oblique to acute; adaxial and abaxial surfaces glabrous, discolorous, adaxial surface sometimes lustrous; venation pinnate with c. 11-17 secondary veins, tertiary venation reticulate and prominent on both surfaces when leaflets dry.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="401">Inflorescences</emphasis>
dimorphic, umbelliform with 7-10 peripheral flowers and an enlarged sessile terminal flower, peduncle 4-6(-8) cm. Bracts and bracteoles not seen. Flowers with a reddish or green calyx, pink corolla and white filaments, the flower buds oblong, ca. 8 mm long, with the corolla concealed by the calyx prior to anthesis, peripheral flowers on pedicels 0.7-1.5 cm, calyx campanulate, c. 9 mm long, 5-angulate due to prominently raised veins, sparsely puberulent or ciliate at the apex of the lobes, corolla tubular, with a prominulous midvein on the lobes, c. 1.5 cm long, sparsely puberulent on the upper half of the lobes, stamens c. 50-60, the filaments white, c. 3 cm long, exserted from the corolla ca. 2 cm; ovary glabrous, 3-4 mm, sub-truncate to truncate at the apex, style 3.5-4 cm, stigma funnel-shaped; terminal flower similar to peripheral flowers but more robust and c. 5 mm wide at base, calyx c. 1.2 cm long, corolla 1.6 cm long, stamens ca. 75, ca. 3.5 cm long.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="401">Pods</emphasis>
typically 1-3 per infructescence, crypto-lomentiform, up to 15-seeded, oblong, slightly curved, lignescent, c. 9.5
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
2.5 cm excluding a ca. 5 mm long mucro, dehiscence follicular, the smooth exocarp and transversely fibrous mesocarp continuous, the endocarp septate, enveloping the seeds which are released in monospermous articles.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="401">Seeds</emphasis>
not seen in mature state, oblong, c. 1.6
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
0.4-0.7 cm, pleurogram extending from apex to base, c. 1.3
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
0.3-0.4 cm, closed.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="401" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="401">Distribution and habitat.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="401">
Brazil. Known only from the Upper Rio Negro region in the Brazilian Amazon (Amazonas state), in seasonally inundated
<normalizedToken originalValue="“campinarana”">&quot;campinarana&quot;</normalizedToken>
vegetation.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="401" type="phenology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="401">Phenology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="401">Flowering and fruiting in July.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="401" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="401">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="401">
The specific epithet refers to the type locality, near the River
<normalizedToken originalValue="Uaupés">Uaupes</normalizedToken>
, in the state of Amazonas, Brazil. The indigenous people living in this area (e.g., the Tucanos) were known as
<normalizedToken originalValue="Uaupés">Uaupes</normalizedToken>
, and later the river took the same name.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="401" type="notes">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="401">Notes.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="401">
<taxonomicName authorityName="M. P. Morim, Iganci &amp; E. J. M. Koenen" authorityYear="2022" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Hydrochorea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Hydrochorea uaupensis" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="401" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="uaupensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="401">Hydrochorea uaupensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is only known from Amazonas state, Brazil, where it was collected at
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Igarapé">&quot;Igarape</normalizedToken>
Tibuari&quot;, in the municipality of
<normalizedToken originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
Gabriel da Cachoeira, during fieldwork in July 2012. The species grows in open vegetation on white sand, known in Brazil as campinarana in the Amazon Domain. During times of flood, only the treetops are exposed above the water line. A second herbarium collection from close to the type locality (Rio
<normalizedToken originalValue="Tourí">Touri</normalizedToken>
, afl. do Rio Negro,
<normalizedToken originalValue="igapó">igapo</normalizedToken>
;
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="401">
R.L.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Fróes">Froes</normalizedToken>
28691
</emphasis>
, IAN [IAN78279]), of which we have only seen an image, is here tentatively included under
<taxonomicName genus="H." lsidName="H. uaupensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="401" rank="species" species="uaupensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="401">H. uaupensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
because the fruit and leaves match the type material and the flowers are described as pink on the specimen label. Since these two occurrence records are close to the borders with Colombia and Venezuela, the species is to be expected in those two countries.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="401">
The phylogenetic position of
<taxonomicName genus="H." lsidName="H. uaupensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="401" rank="species" species="uaupensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="401">H. uaupensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, as the sister lineage of the clade composed of
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Hydrochorea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Hydrochorea" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="401" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="401">Hydrochorea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sensu
<bibRefCitation author="Barneby, RC" journalOrPublisher="PhytoKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="401" refId="B3" refString="Barneby, RC, Grimes, J, 1996. Silk tree, guanacaste, monkey's earring: A generic system of the synandrous Mimosaceae of the Americas. Part I. Abarema, Albizia, and allies. Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden 74(1)." title="Silk tree, guanacaste, monkey's earring: A generic system of the synandrous Mimosaceae of the Americas. Part I. Abarema, Albizia, and allies. Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden 74 (1)." year="1996">Barneby and Grimes (1996)</bibRefCitation>
and the African
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Hydrochorea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Hydrochorea" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="401" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="401">Hydrochorea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp., provides ample support for this as a distinct taxon and a species new to science, as it does not form a sister pair with any other known species. Furthermore, this phylogenetic position is in line with the fruit morphology of the species being intermediate between
<taxonomicName authorityName="R.C.Barneby &amp; J.W.Grimes" authorityYear="1996" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Balizia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Balizia" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="401" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="401">Balizia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Hydrochorea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Hydrochorea" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="401" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="401">Hydrochorea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, adding further support, along with the paraphyly of
<taxonomicName authorityName="R.C.Barneby &amp; J.W.Grimes" authorityYear="1996" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Balizia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Balizia" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="401" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="401">Balizia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, for not maintaining these as distinct genera.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="401" type="conservation status">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="401">Conservation status.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="401">
Data deficient. The species is known only from two adjacent localities in the Upper Rio Negro region of Amazonas state, Brazil. More collections are needed to assess the
<normalizedToken originalValue="species’">species'</normalizedToken>
conservation status.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</subSection>
</document>

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3.
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, 1920 Figs. 28,46,65.
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<paragraph id="547EC47D124D47EB480F1DEFFF6DFD1F" pageNumber="48">
<taxonomicName id="0B426F35F2F3BD57C92FFC4FB22D651F" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:32377" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myrmica" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Myrmica gallienii Bondroit" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gallieni">Myrmica gallieni Bondroit</taxonomicName>
, 1920:302.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A258C1D92FEF75CE031FB0234845E1C7" pageNumber="48">
<taxonomicName id="82552949A71830E7AF6EEAF0D21DB782" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:32435" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myrmica" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Myrmica rugulosa Nylander" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rugulosa">
Myrmica
<taxonomicName id="C36529C14D8CCB7CDA61A9BB7A70FC5C" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:141092" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myrmica" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Myrmica (Myrmica) rugulosa subsp. limanica Karavaiev" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="rugulosa" subSpecies="limanica">rugulosa subsp. limanica Arnoldi</taxonomicName>
</taxonomicName>
, 1934:162.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="378B0BEF1C97547917CD5F516D6D9292" pageNumber="48">
<taxonomicName id="C34F3F9F404B1C70E0E7729A0407246F" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:141091" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myrmica" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Myrmica jacobsoni Kutter" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jacobsoni">Myrmica jacobsoni Kutter</taxonomicName>
, 1963:133.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="89EB00FD5CCA1D0340013E04A87D1E8D" pageNumber="48">
<taxonomicName id="B1E40D64FF4B552C2F42FD002913E555" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:32349" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myrmica" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Myrmica bergi Ruzsky" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bergi">Myrmica bergi Ruzsky</taxonomicName>
; Sadil, 1951 (misidentification).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C71974CB8FC7F74D4F4D54956E03C2E5" type="description">
<paragraph id="FF47D4BE586B8616DAE36404C79B4A41" pageNumber="48">Worker. Light to dark reddish brown. Antennal scapes slender, obliquely curved near the base. Head and alitrunk longitudinally striate; frontal triangle with striae at apex and lower portion smooth, somewhat shining. Propodeal spines thin, space between their bases smooth. Mesopropodeal furrow deep. Petiole with short truncate dorsal area. Postpetiole higher than wide. Head Index: 84.1, Frons Index: 43.8, Frontal Laminae Index: 90.3. Length: 4.5-5.0 mm.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E60089EE77AA3D4BFC6E8A8349972CD8" pageNumber="48">
Queen. Dark reddish brown. Sculpture, antennae, propodeal spines and pedicel as worker; distinguished from pale examples of
<taxonomicName id="3516A555D217634CEA8D4F0BE8AABF61" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:32450" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myrmica" genus.bestMatchDistance="3724" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Myrmica sulcinodis Nylander" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sulcinodis">M. sulcinodis</taxonomicName>
by the short truncate petiole. Length: 6.0-6.5 mm.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DE7CB1F058E1607C708617394F3BAB09" pageNumber="48">Male. Brownish black. Scape short, straight equal to 3 following segments, second funiculus segment nearly twice as long as wide. Propodeum bluntly tuberculate. Petiole high with a long anterior face, postpetiole distinctly higher than wide in side view. Tarsal hairs on extensor surface longer than those on underside. Length: 5.5-6.0 mm.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C9698063A10B97FC7BA9A459E5C87F4" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="1E042B0CCF72493FE7033D0A8FE85E1A" pageNumber="48">Distribution: Very local. Denmark: LFM, R0dby, sand dunes (leg. Collingwood, 1963, 1974). - Sweden: Gotland (H. Lohmander leg. 1934). - Finland: N, Taktom. - Range: France to Western USSR, Czechoslovakia to Baltic, local.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E1DA2F18613757D3AD08C425AEE74969" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="9954E2E8114A6B2E8A8B09289B14BE4A" lastPageNumber="49" pageNumber="48">
Biology. In general behavior it appears to resemble
<taxonomicName id="83F35B7E8455EEB091A19FDC8CA52B72" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:32430" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myrmica" genus.bestMatchDistance="966" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Myrmica rubra (Linnaeus)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubra">M. rubra (L.)</taxonomicName>
being somewhat aggressive and stinging freely. In the R0dby dunes it was nesting deep in the ground
<pageStartToken id="FB193E4E1D830E7A0EE798A18D3EF60A" pageNumber="49">with</pageStartToken>
simple entrance holes. Its apparent decline at this site may be associated with its greater demand for high summer temperatures than that of the commoner N. European species which would tend to displace it.
<taxonomicName id="6213A707E1E863A411A5CCD41B1D0D26" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:32436" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myrmica" genus.bestMatchDistance="1996" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Myrmica sabuleti Meinert" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sabuleti">M. sabuleti Mein</taxonomicName>
.,
<taxonomicName id="6F9845E558AF4E4187EA62582B799199" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:32440" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myrmica" genus.bestMatchDistance="2316" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Myrmica scabrinodis Nylander" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scabrinodis">M. scabrinodis Nyl</taxonomicName>
.,
<taxonomicName id="15BC03A1FCEB1A37D3967327C1104F15" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:32430" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myrmica" genus.bestMatchDistance="889" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Myrmica rubra (Linnaeus)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubra">M. rubra (L.)</taxonomicName>
were all present in the immediate vicinity of
<taxonomicName id="8D58B7EE16254BEDFD5E05FF8BF403A0" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:32377" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myrmica" genus.bestMatchDistance="1161" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Myrmica gallienii Bondroit" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gallieni">M. gallieni</taxonomicName>
at R0dby in 1974.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="49E6BF8F0C9FB1CAEAC0C51D477FB264" pageNumber="49">
<pageStartToken id="DACF7EFC8E45178B3BEC2010CB867EC8" pageNumber="49">Note</pageStartToken>
. This interesting species was found in local abundance by Jacobson (1939) from a wide area of the North Baltic provinces and offshore islands where it was found colonising salt marsh and sand dune areas. Arnoldi (1934) gives similar situations for the Ukrainian salt marshes under the name of
<taxonomicName id="FF2E1EA21958B86DB6A4C5A005B7CCE8" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:32435" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myrmica" genus.bestMatchDistance="1332" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Myrmica rugulosa Nylander" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rugulosa">M. rugulosa subsp</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="71090DAEC1C8CD266308A2C75035A458" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:231537" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myrmica" genus.completionEvidence="missing" genus.completionRound="1" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Myrmica limanica Karavaiev" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="limanica">limanica</taxonomicName>
. In Czechoslovakia it was collected in the vicinity of Trebon near the lakes Opatovice and Svet and identified later by Sadil (1951) as
<taxonomicName id="2CFB18754646D2BBBF60D3BFDA5D923F" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:32349" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myrmica" genus.bestMatchDistance="457" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Myrmica bergi Ruzsky" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bergi">M. bergi Ruzsky</taxonomicName>
, a larger broadheaded species found in S. Russia, Turkestan and Iraq. Kramer (1950) gave a brief redescription of the worker (as
<taxonomicName id="3B551F69CA06671FAFD6342018C587CA" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:32377" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myrmica" genus.bestMatchDistance="1548" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Myrmica gallienii Bondroit" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gallieni">M. gallieni</taxonomicName>
) from sandy terrain in the Netherlands.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3FACBBA6C83CD8B30F1F7B1E717371E9" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="53EA5E121643C58B051D10CB993D876B" lastPageNumber="50" pageNumber="49">
In Denmark and Fennoscandia it was first recognised in 1963 where it was found abundantly in a part of the coastal dune area near Redbyhavn in Lolland. By 1974 however the species had practically disappeared from the site. There is a series in the Goteborg Natural History Museum in the Hans Lohmander collection taken in July
<pageStartToken id="F3C0B611098067938879097957678A65" pageNumber="50">1934</pageStartToken>
at Horsne on Gotland and it may be presumed that further collecting in coastal areas of S. Sweden and Denmark will reveal more records. There is also a series of workers in the Helsinki Natural History Museum from Taktom on the Hangko peninsula in Nylandia.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>