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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1014.60426" ID-GBIF-Dataset="97cd82f3-4a3a-43ca-a68f-92a5a2074d07" ID-PMC="PMC7875960" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1014-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="62961664CAED5F15B9C8A9990D7D388D" ID-PubMed="33603534" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1014-1" checkinTime="1612410909014" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Achterberg, Cornelis van" docDate="2021" docId="3BBBB6ABE1C1581DA8BBDB3D18FF3A40" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1014: 1-118" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1014" docPubDate="2021-02-03" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1014.60426" docTitle="Phanerotoma lepta Achterberg 2021, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="62961664CAED5F15B9C8A9990D7D388D" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="62961664CAED5F15B9C8A9990D7D388D" masterDocTitle="The tribe Phanerotomini (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Cheloninae) of the Arabian Peninsula, with special reference to the United Arab Emirates and Yemen" masterLastPageNumber="118" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1668149759257" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>The tribe Phanerotomini (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Cheloninae) of the Arabian Peninsula, with special reference to the United Arab Emirates and Yemen</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Achterberg, Cornelis van</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6495-4853</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Postbus 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, the Netherlands</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">kees@vanachterberg.org</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2021-02-03</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>1014</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
<mods:end>118</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1014.60426</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1014.60426</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-1014-1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">62961664CAED5F15B9C8A9990D7D388D</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="177209576" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:CDF514A0-BCBC-4EC4-8404-FEEDE8750A82" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3BBBB6ABE1C1581DA8BBDB3D18FF3A40" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/CDF514A0-BCBC-4EC4-8404-FEEDE8750A82" authority="Achterberg, 2021" authorityName="Achterberg" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Phanerotoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phanerotoma lepta" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lepta" status="sp. nov.">Phanerotoma lepta</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="1">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 179–181" captionStartId="F27" captionText="Figures 179 - 181. Phanerotoma lepta van Achterberg, sp. nov., ♀, holotype (but 180, 181 of ♂, paratype) 179 habitus lateral 180 apical half of antenna lateral 181 hind leg lateral." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys..60426.figures179-181" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/504650" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figs 179-181</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 182–193" captionStartId="F28" captionText="Figures 182 - 193. Phanerotoma lepta van Achterberg, sp. nov., ♀, holotype, (but 193 of ♀ paratype) 182 fore wing 183 mesosoma dorsal 184 first-third metasomal tergites dorsal 185 metasoma lateral 186 hind leg lateral 187, 193 mandible ventral 188 head dorsal 189 head anterior 190 head lateral 191 antenna lateral 192 apical half of antenna lateral." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys..60426.figures182-193" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/504651" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 182-193</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="type material">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type material.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Holotype</emphasis>
, ♀ (RMNH), &quot;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">United Arab Emirates</emphasis>
, Sharjah Desert Park (1202), light tr[ap], 29.iii.-6.iv.2005,
<geoCoordinate degrees="25" direction="north" minutes="17" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="25.283333">25°17'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="55" direction="east" minutes="42" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="55.7">55°42'E</geoCoordinate>
, A. v. Harten,
<normalizedToken originalValue="RMNH’06”">RMNH'06&quot;</normalizedToken>
.
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Paratypes</emphasis>
: 3♀, 3♂: Same data as holotype; 1♂: Idem, 9-21.iii.2005; 1♀, 2♂: Idem, 21-29.iii.2005; 3♀, 2♂: Idem, 6-13.iv.2005; 3♀, 3♂: Idem, 23-30.iv.2005; 3♂: Idem, 30.iv.-31.v.2005; 2♀, 3♂: Idem, 30.iv.-7.v.2005; 1♂: Idem, 25.v.-15.vii.2008; 2♀, 4♂: Idem, 13-23.iv.2005; 1♀: Idem, 25.i.-22.ii.2005; 1♀: Idem, 25.ii.-25.iii.2006; 1♀, 1♂: Idem, 20.x.-8.xi.2005; 1♀: Idem, 24.iii.-1.iv.2007; 1♂: &quot;United Arab Emirates, Sharjah (1700-1706), light trap, 27.iv..-5.vi.2005,
<geoCoordinate degrees="25" direction="north" minutes="17" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="25.283333">25°17'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="55" direction="east" minutes="42" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="55.7">55°42'E</geoCoordinate>
, A. v. Harten,
<normalizedToken originalValue="RMNH’05”">RMNH'05&quot;</normalizedToken>
; 8♀: Idem, 1-31.i.2005; 2♂: Idem, 1-10.ii.2005; 5♀: Idem, 30.vi.-21.vii.2005; 2♀, 7♂: Idem, 11-17.x.2004; 7♀, 18♂: &quot;United Arab Emirates, Fujairah (1224), light tr[ap], 5-24.iii.2005,
<geoCoordinate degrees="25" direction="north" minutes="08" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="25.133333">25°08'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="56" direction="east" minutes="21" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="56.35">56°21'E</geoCoordinate>
, A. v. Harten,
<normalizedToken originalValue="RMNH’06”">RMNH'06&quot;</normalizedToken>
; 6♀, 9♂: Idem, 24.iii.-6.iv.2005; 6♀, 11♂: Idem, 13-19.iv.2005; 9♀, 7♂: Idem, 2-13.v.2005; 3♀, 7♂, Idem, 19.iv.-2.v.2005; 16♀, 8♂: Idem, 2.v.-5.vi.2005; 2♂: Idem, 13-29.xi.2005; 3♀: Idem, 29.xi.2005-2.i.2006; 4♀, 12♂: Idem, 28.ii.-1.iv.2006; 3♀, 13♂: Idem, 24.ii.-5.iii.2005; 1♀, 4♂: Idem, 16-24.ii.2005; 1♀, 2♂: &quot;United Arab Emirates, Wadi Safad (11296), light trap, 2-26.i.2006,
<geoCoordinate degrees="25" direction="north" minutes="13" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="25.216667">25°13'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="56" direction="east" minutes="19" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="56.316666">56°19'E</geoCoordinate>
, A. v. Harten,
<normalizedToken originalValue="RMNH’10”">RMNH'10&quot;</normalizedToken>
; 4♀, 1♂: Idem, 14-21.v.2006; 1♀, 3♂: Idem, 1-8.vii.2006; 2♂: Idem, 31.i-21.ii.2006; 1♀: Idem, 6-13.v.2008; 1♂: &quot;United Arab Emirates, Wadi Maidaq (3808), at light, 21.xii.2005-2.ii.2006,
<geoCoordinate degrees="25" direction="north" minutes="18" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="25.3">25°18'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="56" direction="east" minutes="07" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="56.116665">56°07'E</geoCoordinate>
, A. v. Harten,
<normalizedToken originalValue="RMNH’06”">RMNH'06&quot;</normalizedToken>
; 1♀, 1♂: Idem, 27.iv.-4.v.2006; 2♀, 1♂: &quot;United Arab Emirates, Bithnah (3699), at light, 11.xii.2005-18.i.2006,
<geoCoordinate degrees="25" direction="north" minutes="17" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="25.283333">25°17'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="55" direction="east" minutes="42" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="55.7">55°42'E</geoCoordinate>
, A. v. Harten,
<normalizedToken originalValue="RMNH’06”">RMNH'06&quot;</normalizedToken>
; 2♂: Idem, 30.xii.2005-2.ii.2006; 1♀: &quot;United Arab Emirates, NARC near Sweihan (4387), light trap, 26.ii.-2.iv.2006,
<geoCoordinate degrees="24" direction="north" minutes="24" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="24.4">24°24'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="55" direction="east" minutes="26" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="55.433334">55°26'E</geoCoordinate>
, A. v. Harten,
<normalizedToken originalValue="RMNH’06”">RMNH'06&quot;</normalizedToken>
; 5♂: Idem, 2-9.iv.2005; 6♀: Idem, 9-20.iv.2005; 2♀: Idem, 20-30.iv.2005; 1♂: Idem, 7-22.iii.2006; 2♂: Idem, 16-31.i.2006; 1♂: &quot;United Arab Emirates, al-Ajban (4683-4690), Malaise tr[ap], 26.v.-25.vi.2006,
<geoCoordinate degrees="24" direction="north" minutes="36" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="24.6">24°36'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="55" direction="east" minutes="01" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="55.016666">55°01'E</geoCoordinate>
, A. v. Harten,
<normalizedToken originalValue="RMNH’06”">RMNH'06&quot;</normalizedToken>
; 1♂: Idem, 1.iv.-2.v.2006; 1♀, 1♂: Idem, 17.x.-9.xi.2005; 1♀, 3♂: &quot;United Arab Emirates, Hatta (6398), at light, 17-24.viii.2006,
<geoCoordinate degrees="24" direction="north" minutes="49" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="24.816668">24°49'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="56" direction="east" minutes="07" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="56.116665">56°07'E</geoCoordinate>
, A. v. Harten,
<normalizedToken originalValue="RMNH’06”">RMNH'06&quot;</normalizedToken>
; 1♀, 4♂: Idem, 19-28.iii.2006; 1♀: &quot;United Arab Emirates, Sharjah x Khor Kalba (6599), light trap,
<geoCoordinate degrees="24" direction="north" minutes="59" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="24.983334">24°59'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="56" direction="east" minutes="09" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="56.15">56°09'E</geoCoordinate>
, 24-30.v.2006, A. v. Harten,
<normalizedToken originalValue="RMNH’06”">RMNH'06&quot;</normalizedToken>
; 2♀: Idem, 31.v.-7.vi.2006; 1♀: &quot;United Arab Emirates, SSW of ad-Dhaid (6154), light tr[ap], 24-30.v.2006,
<geoCoordinate degrees="25" direction="north" minutes="09" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="25.15">25°09'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="55" direction="east" minutes="48" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="55.8">55°48'E</geoCoordinate>
, A. v. Harten,
<normalizedToken originalValue="RMNH’06”">RMNH'06&quot;</normalizedToken>
; 45♀, 2♂: &quot;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Yemen</emphasis>
(7501), Al Kadan, light trap, i.2003, A. v. Harten &amp; T. Abdul-Haq,
<normalizedToken originalValue="RMNH’03”">RMNH'03&quot;</normalizedToken>
; 1♀, 1♂: Idem, ix.2001; 5♀, 1♂: Idem, x.2001; 10♀, 1♂: Idem, v.2002; 1♀: Idem, iv.2002; 3♀: Idem, i.2003; 2♀, 2♂: &quot;Yemen (8113), Al Mukalla, light trap, vii.-viii.2003, A. van Harten,
<normalizedToken originalValue="RMNH’04”">RMNH'04&quot;</normalizedToken>
; 1♂: Idem, ix.-x.2003; 1♂: &quot;Yemen, Seyun, light trap, 4-6.ix.2002, A. van Harten,
<normalizedToken originalValue="RMNH’03”">RMNH'03&quot;</normalizedToken>
; 1♀, 1♂: Idem, 12-14.viii.2002; 2♀: Idem, 20-22.viii.2002; 1♂: Idem, xi.2002; 1♀: Idem, x.2001; 8♀: &quot;Yemen (7533), Al Kowd, light trap, i.-iii.2003, A. van Harten &amp; S. Al Haruri,
<normalizedToken originalValue="RMNH’03”">RMNH'03&quot;</normalizedToken>
; 3♀, 1♂: Idem, iv.2001; 19♀: Idem, ix.2003; 4♀: Idem, vi.2002; 2♀: Idem, i.2001; 1♀: Idem, 8-12.vii.2001; 1♀: Idem, 17-21.vii.2001; 1♀, 1♂: Idem, 21-25.viii.2001; 2♀, 1♂: Idem, 27-31.vii.2001; 1♀: Idem, 6-10.viii.2001; 14♀, 1♂: Idem, 16-20.viii.2001; 3♀: Idem, 1-5.ix.2001; 2♀: Idem, ii.2000; 4♀, 1♂: Idem, iii.2000; 2♀: Idem, vii.2000; 6♀: Idem, viii.2000; 1♀: Idem, xii.2000; 8♀, 1♂: Idem, v.-vi.2000; 8♀: Idem, viii.1999; 1♀: Idem, vii.1999; 7♀: Idem, vii.-ix.1999; 2♀: Idem, ix.1999; 2♀: &quot;Yemen:
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ta’izz">Ta'izz</normalizedToken>
(6963), light trap, v.2002, A. van Harten &amp; A.R. Al Yarimi,
<normalizedToken originalValue="RMNH’98”">RMNH'98&quot;</normalizedToken>
; 3♀: Idem, vi.2002; 3♀: Idem, v.2000; 1♀: Idem, ix.2000; 1♀: Idem, x.1999; 1♀: Idem, xi.1999; 1♀: Idem, 26-28.vii.1999; 7♀: &quot;Yemen (5486), Al Lahima, 1.i.-9.iv.2001, Mal[aise] trap, A. v. Harten,
<normalizedToken originalValue="RMNH’02”">RMNH'02&quot;</normalizedToken>
; 2♀, 1♂: Idem, 17.ix.-14.xii.2001; 1♀: Idem, 9.iv.-5.vi.20012; 2♀: Yemen (7009), Lahj, viii.2002, Mal[aise] trap, A. v. Harten &amp; A. Sallum,
<normalizedToken originalValue="RMNH’02”">RMNH'02&quot;</normalizedToken>
; 1♀: Idem, i.2001; 1♀, 1♂: &quot;Yemen: Ar Rujum (5556), 15.i.-9.iv.2001, Mal. trap, A. v. Harten,
<normalizedToken originalValue="RMNH’02”">RMNH'02&quot;</normalizedToken>
; 1♀: Idem, 9.vi.-5.vi.2001; 3♀: Yemen (6667), 12 km NW Manakhah, Mal[aise] trap, 27.iii.-5.v.2002, A. v. Harten,
<normalizedToken originalValue="RMNH’03”">RMNH'03&quot;</normalizedToken>
; 1♀, 1♂: &quot;Yemen:
<normalizedToken originalValue="Hamman’Ali">Hamman'Ali</normalizedToken>
(5404), from coffee-berries, 14.iii.2001, A. v. Harten,
<normalizedToken originalValue="RMNH’02”">RMNH'02&quot;</normalizedToken>
.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys..60426.figures179-181" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/504650" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figures 179–181" startId="F27">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figures 179-181.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Achterberg" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Phanerotoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phanerotoma lepta" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lepta">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Phanerotoma lepta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
van Achterberg, sp. nov., ♀, holotype (but
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">180, 181</emphasis>
of ♂, paratype)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">179</emphasis>
habitus lateral
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">180</emphasis>
apical half of antenna lateral
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">181</emphasis>
hind leg lateral.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Distance between apex of marginal cell and apex of fore wing 0.3-0.5
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
vein 1-R1 and vertex finely rugulose; five-six apical antennal segments of ♀ suddenly small and moniliform compared to more basal segments (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 182–193" captionStartId="F28" captionText="Figures 182 - 193. Phanerotoma lepta van Achterberg, sp. nov., ♀, holotype, (but 193 of ♀ paratype) 182 fore wing 183 mesosoma dorsal 184 first-third metasomal tergites dorsal 185 metasoma lateral 186 hind leg lateral 187, 193 mandible ventral 188 head dorsal 189 head anterior 190 head lateral 191 antenna lateral 192 apical half of antenna lateral." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys..60426.figures182-193" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/504651" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">192</figureCitation>
); ocelli often rather small (POL 0.8-1.0
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
width of posterior ocellus; Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 182–193" captionStartId="F28" captionText="Figures 182 - 193. Phanerotoma lepta van Achterberg, sp. nov., ♀, holotype, (but 193 of ♀ paratype) 182 fore wing 183 mesosoma dorsal 184 first-third metasomal tergites dorsal 185 metasoma lateral 186 hind leg lateral 187, 193 mandible ventral 188 head dorsal 189 head anterior 190 head lateral 191 antenna lateral 192 apical half of antenna lateral." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys..60426.figures182-193" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/504651" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">188</figureCitation>
); third tergite of metasoma flattened in lateral view (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 182–193" captionStartId="F28" captionText="Figures 182 - 193. Phanerotoma lepta van Achterberg, sp. nov., ♀, holotype, (but 193 of ♀ paratype) 182 fore wing 183 mesosoma dorsal 184 first-third metasomal tergites dorsal 185 metasoma lateral 186 hind leg lateral 187, 193 mandible ventral 188 head dorsal 189 head anterior 190 head lateral 191 antenna lateral 192 apical half of antenna lateral." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys..60426.figures182-193" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/504651" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">185</figureCitation>
); second submarginal cell of fore wing rather small (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 182–193" captionStartId="F28" captionText="Figures 182 - 193. Phanerotoma lepta van Achterberg, sp. nov., ♀, holotype, (but 193 of ♀ paratype) 182 fore wing 183 mesosoma dorsal 184 first-third metasomal tergites dorsal 185 metasoma lateral 186 hind leg lateral 187, 193 mandible ventral 188 head dorsal 189 head anterior 190 head lateral 191 antenna lateral 192 apical half of antenna lateral." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys..60426.figures182-193" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/504651" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">182</figureCitation>
); anterior half of vein 1-M yellow; vein r 0.3-0.4
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
vein 3-SR; head moderately emarginate medio-posteriorly (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 182–193" captionStartId="F28" captionText="Figures 182 - 193. Phanerotoma lepta van Achterberg, sp. nov., ♀, holotype, (but 193 of ♀ paratype) 182 fore wing 183 mesosoma dorsal 184 first-third metasomal tergites dorsal 185 metasoma lateral 186 hind leg lateral 187, 193 mandible ventral 188 head dorsal 189 head anterior 190 head lateral 191 antenna lateral 192 apical half of antenna lateral." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys..60426.figures182-193" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/504651" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">188</figureCitation>
); hind femur comparatively stout; inner tooth of mandible minute, 0.2
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
apical tooth; temple matt; hypopygium of ♀ ivory or brownish yellow; second submarginal cell smaller; face and clypeus frequently ivory.
<taxonomicName authorityName="Achterberg" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Phanerotoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phanerotoma lepta" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lepta">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Phanerotoma lepta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is similar to small
<taxonomicName family="Braconidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. leucobasis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="leucobasis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. leucobasis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but the ocelli are smaller, the apical antennal segments becoming suddenly smaller, head is less emarginate medio-posteriorly, third metasomal tergite is rather flat and angle of vein 2-SR with 3-SR is smaller.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys..60426.figures182-193" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/504651" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figures 182–193" startId="F28">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figures 182-193.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Achterberg" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Phanerotoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phanerotoma lepta" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lepta">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Phanerotoma lepta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
van Achterberg, sp. nov., ♀, holotype, (but
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">193</emphasis>
of ♀ paratype)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">182</emphasis>
fore wing
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">183</emphasis>
mesosoma dorsal
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">184</emphasis>
first-third metasomal tergites dorsal
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">185</emphasis>
metasoma lateral
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">186</emphasis>
hind leg lateral
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">187, 193</emphasis>
mandible ventral
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">188</emphasis>
head dorsal
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">189</emphasis>
head anterior
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">190</emphasis>
head lateral
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">191</emphasis>
antenna lateral
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">192</emphasis>
apical half of antenna lateral.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Female, holotype, length of body (excluding ovipositor) 3.7 mm; antenna 2.75 mm; fore wing 2.8 mm; visible part of ovipositor sheath 0.3 mm (sparsely erect setose).</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Head</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Width 1.5
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
median length in anterior view and part of head above eye in lateral view 0.3
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
height of eye (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 182–193" captionStartId="F28" captionText="Figures 182 - 193. Phanerotoma lepta van Achterberg, sp. nov., ♀, holotype, (but 193 of ♀ paratype) 182 fore wing 183 mesosoma dorsal 184 first-third metasomal tergites dorsal 185 metasoma lateral 186 hind leg lateral 187, 193 mandible ventral 188 head dorsal 189 head anterior 190 head lateral 191 antenna lateral 192 apical half of antenna lateral." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys..60426.figures182-193" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/504651" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">190</figureCitation>
); antenna with 23 segments and slightly shorter than fore wing, five-six apical antennal segments suddenly (compared to more basal segments) small and moniliform (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 182–193" captionStartId="F28" captionText="Figures 182 - 193. Phanerotoma lepta van Achterberg, sp. nov., ♀, holotype, (but 193 of ♀ paratype) 182 fore wing 183 mesosoma dorsal 184 first-third metasomal tergites dorsal 185 metasoma lateral 186 hind leg lateral 187, 193 mandible ventral 188 head dorsal 189 head anterior 190 head lateral 191 antenna lateral 192 apical half of antenna lateral." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys..60426.figures182-193" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/504651" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">192</figureCitation>
), with short bristle apically and apical segment without distinct spine, third, fourth and penultimate segments 2.4, 2.6 and 1.0
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
longer than wide in lateral view, respectively; area of stemmaticum granulate; OOL: diameter of posterior ocellus: POL = 17: 5: 4; length of eye twice temple in dorsal view (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 182–193" captionStartId="F28" captionText="Figures 182 - 193. Phanerotoma lepta van Achterberg, sp. nov., ♀, holotype, (but 193 of ♀ paratype) 182 fore wing 183 mesosoma dorsal 184 first-third metasomal tergites dorsal 185 metasoma lateral 186 hind leg lateral 187, 193 mandible ventral 188 head dorsal 189 head anterior 190 head lateral 191 antenna lateral 192 apical half of antenna lateral." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys..60426.figures182-193" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/504651" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">188</figureCitation>
); frons curved rugulose medially, rugose laterally and without distinct median carina; vertex aciculate and with satin sheen; temple finely and densely rugulose and rather dull; face finely rugose and with small median bump and rather shiny; clypeus superficially granulate, rather shiny and 0.8
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
minimum width of face, intertentorial distance 2.4
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
minimum width between clypeus and eye (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 182–193" captionStartId="F28" captionText="Figures 182 - 193. Phanerotoma lepta van Achterberg, sp. nov., ♀, holotype, (but 193 of ♀ paratype) 182 fore wing 183 mesosoma dorsal 184 first-third metasomal tergites dorsal 185 metasoma lateral 186 hind leg lateral 187, 193 mandible ventral 188 head dorsal 189 head anterior 190 head lateral 191 antenna lateral 192 apical half of antenna lateral." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys..60426.figures182-193" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/504651" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">189</figureCitation>
), long erect setose and with three minute teeth medio-ventrally; eye medium-sized, strongly convex and in lateral view 1.3
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
wider than temple (measured medially; Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 182–193" captionStartId="F28" captionText="Figures 182 - 193. Phanerotoma lepta van Achterberg, sp. nov., ♀, holotype, (but 193 of ♀ paratype) 182 fore wing 183 mesosoma dorsal 184 first-third metasomal tergites dorsal 185 metasoma lateral 186 hind leg lateral 187, 193 mandible ventral 188 head dorsal 189 head anterior 190 head lateral 191 antenna lateral 192 apical half of antenna lateral." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys..60426.figures182-193" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/504651" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">190</figureCitation>
), in anterior view its height 0.7
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
minimum width of face; upper condyle of mandible near lower level of eyes (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 182–193" captionStartId="F28" captionText="Figures 182 - 193. Phanerotoma lepta van Achterberg, sp. nov., ♀, holotype, (but 193 of ♀ paratype) 182 fore wing 183 mesosoma dorsal 184 first-third metasomal tergites dorsal 185 metasoma lateral 186 hind leg lateral 187, 193 mandible ventral 188 head dorsal 189 head anterior 190 head lateral 191 antenna lateral 192 apical half of antenna lateral." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys..60426.figures182-193" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/504651" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">189</figureCitation>
); malar space aciculate, with satin sheen and 0.6
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as basal width of mandible; lower tooth of mandible 0.2
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as apical tooth (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 182–193" captionStartId="F28" captionText="Figures 182 - 193. Phanerotoma lepta van Achterberg, sp. nov., ♀, holotype, (but 193 of ♀ paratype) 182 fore wing 183 mesosoma dorsal 184 first-third metasomal tergites dorsal 185 metasoma lateral 186 hind leg lateral 187, 193 mandible ventral 188 head dorsal 189 head anterior 190 head lateral 191 antenna lateral 192 apical half of antenna lateral." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys..60426.figures182-193" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/504651" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">193</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Mesosoma</emphasis>
(Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 179–181" captionStartId="F27" captionText="Figures 179 - 181. Phanerotoma lepta van Achterberg, sp. nov., ♀, holotype (but 180, 181 of ♂, paratype) 179 habitus lateral 180 apical half of antenna lateral 181 hind leg lateral." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys..60426.figures179-181" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/504650" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">179</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 182–193" captionStartId="F28" captionText="Figures 182 - 193. Phanerotoma lepta van Achterberg, sp. nov., ♀, holotype, (but 193 of ♀ paratype) 182 fore wing 183 mesosoma dorsal 184 first-third metasomal tergites dorsal 185 metasoma lateral 186 hind leg lateral 187, 193 mandible ventral 188 head dorsal 189 head anterior 190 head lateral 191 antenna lateral 192 apical half of antenna lateral." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys..60426.figures182-193" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/504651" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">183</figureCitation>
). Length 1.5
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
its width in lateral view; side of pronotum rugose; propleuron posteriorly evenly convex; mesosternum largely granulate and rather shiny; mesoscutum densely and finely reticulate-rugulose; scutellum distinctly granulate and rather matt; notauli hardly indicated; scutellar sulcus wide medially and narrow laterally, with nine carinae (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 182–193" captionStartId="F28" captionText="Figures 182 - 193. Phanerotoma lepta van Achterberg, sp. nov., ♀, holotype, (but 193 of ♀ paratype) 182 fore wing 183 mesosoma dorsal 184 first-third metasomal tergites dorsal 185 metasoma lateral 186 hind leg lateral 187, 193 mandible ventral 188 head dorsal 189 head anterior 190 head lateral 191 antenna lateral 192 apical half of antenna lateral." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys..60426.figures182-193" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/504651" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">183</figureCitation>
); metanotum with median carina anteriorly and finely serrate posteriorly; propodeum rugose, medially with transverse carina, but no median carina, and latero-posteriorly weakly tuberculate.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Wings</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Fore wing 2.7
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
longer than its maximum width; length of 1-R1 1.1
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as pterostigma; distance between wing apex and marginal cell apex 0.45
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
length of vein 1-R1; r issued far beyond middle of pterostigma and 0.3
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
3-SR; 2-SR hardly curved and distally slightly converging to posterior margin of pterostigma (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 182–193" captionStartId="F28" captionText="Figures 182 - 193. Phanerotoma lepta van Achterberg, sp. nov., ♀, holotype, (but 193 of ♀ paratype) 182 fore wing 183 mesosoma dorsal 184 first-third metasomal tergites dorsal 185 metasoma lateral 186 hind leg lateral 187, 193 mandible ventral 188 head dorsal 189 head anterior 190 head lateral 191 antenna lateral 192 apical half of antenna lateral." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys..60426.figures182-193" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/504651" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">182</figureCitation>
); SR1 straight; 2-SR+M indistinct, because of narrowly antefurcal m-cu; parastigma large; 1-CU1 0.5
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as vein 2-CU1, cu-a 0.8
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
1-CU1; r:3-SR:SR1 = 3:11:40; 2-SR:3-SR:r-m = 20:11:7; r-m reclivous; 2-M hardly curved (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 182–193" captionStartId="F28" captionText="Figures 182 - 193. Phanerotoma lepta van Achterberg, sp. nov., ♀, holotype, (but 193 of ♀ paratype) 182 fore wing 183 mesosoma dorsal 184 first-third metasomal tergites dorsal 185 metasoma lateral 186 hind leg lateral 187, 193 mandible ventral 188 head dorsal 189 head anterior 190 head lateral 191 antenna lateral 192 apical half of antenna lateral." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys..60426.figures182-193" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/504651" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">182</figureCitation>
). Hind wing: M+CU:1-M:1r-m = 27:30:10.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Legs</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Hind femur matt, 3.6
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as wide and widened submedially; middle tibia with small ivory blister; inner spur of middle tibia 0.4
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
its basitarsus; hind tibia moderately wide medially (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 182–193" captionStartId="F28" captionText="Figures 182 - 193. Phanerotoma lepta van Achterberg, sp. nov., ♀, holotype, (but 193 of ♀ paratype) 182 fore wing 183 mesosoma dorsal 184 first-third metasomal tergites dorsal 185 metasoma lateral 186 hind leg lateral 187, 193 mandible ventral 188 head dorsal 189 head anterior 190 head lateral 191 antenna lateral 192 apical half of antenna lateral." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys..60426.figures182-193" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/504651" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">186</figureCitation>
); hind coxa largely coriaceous and rather matt.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Metasoma</emphasis>
(Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 182–193" captionStartId="F28" captionText="Figures 182 - 193. Phanerotoma lepta van Achterberg, sp. nov., ♀, holotype, (but 193 of ♀ paratype) 182 fore wing 183 mesosoma dorsal 184 first-third metasomal tergites dorsal 185 metasoma lateral 186 hind leg lateral 187, 193 mandible ventral 188 head dorsal 189 head anterior 190 head lateral 191 antenna lateral 192 apical half of antenna lateral." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys..60426.figures182-193" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/504651" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">184</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 182–193" captionStartId="F28" captionText="Figures 182 - 193. Phanerotoma lepta van Achterberg, sp. nov., ♀, holotype, (but 193 of ♀ paratype) 182 fore wing 183 mesosoma dorsal 184 first-third metasomal tergites dorsal 185 metasoma lateral 186 hind leg lateral 187, 193 mandible ventral 188 head dorsal 189 head anterior 190 head lateral 191 antenna lateral 192 apical half of antenna lateral." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys..60426.figures182-193" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/504651" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">185</figureCitation>
). Elliptical in dorsal view, 1.7
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as wide and 1.4
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as mesosoma; first and second tergites, as basal half of third tergite, densely and coarsely longitudinally rugose; second metasomal suture medium-sized; third tergite 1.6
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
longer than second tergite and laterally curved, in lateral view rather flat, apical half rugulose-coriaceous and with satin sheen (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 182–193" captionStartId="F28" captionText="Figures 182 - 193. Phanerotoma lepta van Achterberg, sp. nov., ♀, holotype, (but 193 of ♀ paratype) 182 fore wing 183 mesosoma dorsal 184 first-third metasomal tergites dorsal 185 metasoma lateral 186 hind leg lateral 187, 193 mandible ventral 188 head dorsal 189 head anterior 190 head lateral 191 antenna lateral 192 apical half of antenna lateral." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys..60426.figures182-193" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/504651" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">185</figureCitation>
), lateral lamella narrow, wider and not protruding latero-apically and medio-apically truncate and rather wide; ovipositor sheath parallel-sided, apically narrow (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 182–193" captionStartId="F28" captionText="Figures 182 - 193. Phanerotoma lepta van Achterberg, sp. nov., ♀, holotype, (but 193 of ♀ paratype) 182 fore wing 183 mesosoma dorsal 184 first-third metasomal tergites dorsal 185 metasoma lateral 186 hind leg lateral 187, 193 mandible ventral 188 head dorsal 189 head anterior 190 head lateral 191 antenna lateral 192 apical half of antenna lateral." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys..60426.figures182-193" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/504651" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">185</figureCitation>
), its visible part 0.09
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as fore wing and 0.15
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
metasomal carapace and sparsely setose part 0.06
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
fore wing and with erect setae; hypopygium with medium-sized up curved apical triangle, apically without spine and densely setose (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 182–193" captionStartId="F28" captionText="Figures 182 - 193. Phanerotoma lepta van Achterberg, sp. nov., ♀, holotype, (but 193 of ♀ paratype) 182 fore wing 183 mesosoma dorsal 184 first-third metasomal tergites dorsal 185 metasoma lateral 186 hind leg lateral 187, 193 mandible ventral 188 head dorsal 189 head anterior 190 head lateral 191 antenna lateral 192 apical half of antenna lateral." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys..60426.figures182-193" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/504651" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">185</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Colour</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Pale brownish yellow (including ovipositor sheath); apex of antenna and apex of hind tibia somewhat darkened; stemmaticum dark brown; face, clypeus, prothorax, tegulae, remainder of legs and metasoma ventrally ivory; parastigma and pterostigma (but basally pale yellowish) pale brownish; wing membrane slightly brownish below pterostigma; veins 1-M and m-cu of fore wing pale yellowish.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="male">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Male.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Similar to female with hind femur similar or slightly inflated (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 179–181" captionStartId="F27" captionText="Figures 179 - 181. Phanerotoma lepta van Achterberg, sp. nov., ♀, holotype (but 180, 181 of ♂, paratype) 179 habitus lateral 180 apical half of antenna lateral 181 hind leg lateral." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys..60426.figures179-181" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/504650" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">181</figureCitation>
), antennal segments slender and elongate, apical segments bristly apically (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 179–181" captionStartId="F27" captionText="Figures 179 - 181. Phanerotoma lepta van Achterberg, sp. nov., ♀, holotype (but 180, 181 of ♂, paratype) 179 habitus lateral 180 apical half of antenna lateral 181 hind leg lateral." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys..60426.figures179-181" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/504650" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">180</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="variation">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Variations.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Length of fore wing of ♀ 1.7-2.8 mm, of ♂ 1.6-2.4 mm; vein 1-M of fore wing and parastigma yellowish, brown or largely dark brown.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">United Arab Emirates, Yemen.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Biology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Unknown.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Named derived from
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">leptos</emphasis>
(Greek for fine, small, thin or delicate) because of the small and delicate apical antennal segments of the female.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.937.51708" ID-GBIF-Dataset="d96165f2-00b6-4826-bca2-6dc8ed5255ce" ID-PMC="PMC7280318" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-937-31" ID-Pensoft-UUID="E5DD1125674C5DF9ACA8DBFA187A0FEF" ID-PubMed="32547298" ID-ZooBank="31D11FB1564644B589B74B529E582928" ModsDocID="1313-2970-937-31" checkinTime="1591081781770" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Astafurova, Yulia V., Proshchalykin, Maxim Yu. &amp; Schwarz, Maximilian" docDate="2020" docId="3BBBC0D84B865911BABC9D23438AF5B4" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 937: 31-88" docOrigin="ZooKeys 937" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.937.51708" docTitle="Sphecodes biroi Friese 1909" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="E5DD1125674C5DF9ACA8DBFA187A0FEF" lastPageNumber="31" masterDocId="E5DD1125674C5DF9ACA8DBFA187A0FEF" masterDocTitle="New and little-known species of the genus Sphecodes Latreille (Hymenoptera, Halictidae) from Southeast Asia" masterLastPageNumber="88" masterPageNumber="31" pageNumber="31" updateTime="1668168901721" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>New and little-known species of the genus Sphecodes Latreille (Hymenoptera, Halictidae) from Southeast Asia</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart>Astafurova, Yulia V.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Universitetskaya Nab., 1, Saint Petersburg 199034, Russia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart>Proshchalykin, Maxim Yu.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Federal Scientific Centre for East Asian Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690022, Russia</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7870-8226</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart>Schwarz, Maximilian</mods:namePart>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="164420252" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3BBBC0D84B865911BABC9D23438AF5B4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3BBBC0D84B865911BABC9D23438AF5B4" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">
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<taxonomicName LSID="3BBBC0D8-4B86-5911-BABC-9D23438AF5B4" authority="Friese, 1909" authorityName="Friese" authorityYear="1909" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Sphecodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphecodes biroi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biroi">Sphecodes biroi Friese, 1909</taxonomicName>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 12–16" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 12 - 16. Sphecodes biroi Friese, female, paralectotype 12 head, frontal view 13 vertex, dorso-lateral view 14 mesosoma, dorsal view 15 metasoma, dorsal view 16 labels. Scale bars: 1.0 mm (12, 14, 15), 0.5 mm (13)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.937.51708.figures12-16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/416776" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">Figures 12-16</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 17–21" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 17 - 21. Sphecodes biroi Friese, male 17 antennae, lateral view 18 head, frontal view 19 mesosoma, dorsal view 20 genitalia, dorsal view 21 T 1 - T 3, dorsal view. Scale bars: 1.0 mm (17 - 19, 21), 0.5 mm (20)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.937.51708.figures17-21" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/416777" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">, 17-21</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="31" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="31">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Friese" authorityYear="1909" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Sphecodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphecodes biroi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biroi">Sphecodes biroi</taxonomicName>
Friese, 1909 (nec Meyer, 1925): 181, ♀, ♂ (lectotype (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">designated here</emphasis>
): ♂, N. Guinea, Biro 1899 // Sattelberg, Huon-Golf. //
<taxonomicName authorityName="Friese" authorityYear="1909" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Sphecodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphecodes biroi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biroi">Sphecodes biroi</taxonomicName>
Fiese det., 1908, ♂ // Type // Lectotypus,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Friese" authorityYear="1909" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Sphecodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphecodes biroi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biroi">Sphecodes biroi</taxonomicName>
Friese, 1909, design. Astafurova et Proshchalykin, 2020 &lt;red label&gt;), Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 12–16" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 12 - 16. Sphecodes biroi Friese, female, paralectotype 12 head, frontal view 13 vertex, dorso-lateral view 14 mesosoma, dorsal view 15 metasoma, dorsal view 16 labels. Scale bars: 1.0 mm (12, 14, 15), 0.5 mm (13)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.937.51708.figures12-16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/416776" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">16</figureCitation>
; Paralectotype: ♀, the same label (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 12–16" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 12 - 16. Sphecodes biroi Friese, female, paralectotype 12 head, frontal view 13 vertex, dorso-lateral view 14 mesosoma, dorsal view 15 metasoma, dorsal view 16 labels. Scale bars: 1.0 mm (12, 14, 15), 0.5 mm (13)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.937.51708.figures12-16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/416776" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">16</figureCitation>
); HNHM, examined.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="31">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cockerell" authorityYear="1919" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Sphecodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphecodes transversus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="transversus">Sphecodes transversus</taxonomicName>
Cockerell, 1919: 556, ♀ (holotype: ♀, Philippines, Luzon, Mt Makiling, Baker leg.; USNM, http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/372106fa4-0a44-4b85-812d-254423957856). Synonymized by
<bibRefCitation author="Bluethgen, P" journalOrPublisher="Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" refId="B19" refString="Bluethgen, P, 1927. Beitraege zur Systematik der Bienengattung Sphecodes Latr. III. Zoologische Jahrbucher, Abteilung fur Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Tiere 53(1/3): 23-112." title="Beitraege zur Systematik der Bienengattung Sphecodes Latr. III. Zoologische Jahrbucher, Abteilung fur Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Tiere 53 (1 / 3): 23 - 112." year="1927">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Blüthgen">Bluethgen</normalizedToken>
1927
</bibRefCitation>
: 79.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="31">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cockerell" authorityYear="1919" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Sphecodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphecodes latifrons" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latifrons">Sphecodes latifrons</taxonomicName>
Cockerell, 1919: 556, ♂ (holotype: ♂, Philippines, Luzon, Baguio, Benguet, Baker leg.; USNM, http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/3ed6e3af8-0ca2-4dac-a230-436c053d6475). Synonymized by
<bibRefCitation author="Bluethgen, P" journalOrPublisher="Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" refId="B19" refString="Bluethgen, P, 1927. Beitraege zur Systematik der Bienengattung Sphecodes Latr. III. Zoologische Jahrbucher, Abteilung fur Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Tiere 53(1/3): 23-112." title="Beitraege zur Systematik der Bienengattung Sphecodes Latr. III. Zoologische Jahrbucher, Abteilung fur Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Tiere 53 (1 / 3): 23 - 112." year="1927">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Blüthgen">Bluethgen</normalizedToken>
1927
</bibRefCitation>
: 79.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="31">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Sphecodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphecodes abnormis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="abnormis">Sphecodes abnormis</taxonomicName>
Perkins, 1921: 10-11, ♂ (holotype: ♂, &quot;East Indies&quot;;?). Synonymized by
<bibRefCitation author="Bluethgen, P" journalOrPublisher="Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" refId="B19" refString="Bluethgen, P, 1927. Beitraege zur Systematik der Bienengattung Sphecodes Latr. III. Zoologische Jahrbucher, Abteilung fur Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Tiere 53(1/3): 23-112." title="Beitraege zur Systematik der Bienengattung Sphecodes Latr. III. Zoologische Jahrbucher, Abteilung fur Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Tiere 53 (1 / 3): 23 - 112." year="1927">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Blüthgen">Bluethgen</normalizedToken>
1927
</bibRefCitation>
: 79.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="31">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Sphecodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphecodes amboinensis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amboinensis">Sphecodes amboinensis</taxonomicName>
Meyer, 1925: 11, ♂ (syntypes: 4 ♂♂, Indonesia, Amboina, 1998, Biro leg.; HNHM). Synonymized by
<bibRefCitation author="Bluethgen, P" journalOrPublisher="Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" refId="B19" refString="Bluethgen, P, 1927. Beitraege zur Systematik der Bienengattung Sphecodes Latr. III. Zoologische Jahrbucher, Abteilung fur Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Tiere 53(1/3): 23-112." title="Beitraege zur Systematik der Bienengattung Sphecodes Latr. III. Zoologische Jahrbucher, Abteilung fur Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Tiere 53 (1 / 3): 23 - 112." year="1927">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Blüthgen">Bluethgen</normalizedToken>
1927
</bibRefCitation>
: 79.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="31">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Meyer" authorityYear="1925" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Sphecodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphecodes bischoffi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bischoffi">Sphecodes bischoffi</taxonomicName>
Meyer, 1925 (nom. praeocc., nec
<taxonomicName family="Halictidae" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="S. bischoffi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" rank="species" species="bischoffi">S. bischoffi</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Blüthgen">Bluethgen</normalizedToken>
, 1924): 11, ♂ (holotype: ♂, Indonesia, Java, Buitenzorg; ZMHB). Synonymized by
<bibRefCitation author="Bluethgen, P" journalOrPublisher="Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" refId="B19" refString="Bluethgen, P, 1927. Beitraege zur Systematik der Bienengattung Sphecodes Latr. III. Zoologische Jahrbucher, Abteilung fur Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Tiere 53(1/3): 23-112." title="Beitraege zur Systematik der Bienengattung Sphecodes Latr. III. Zoologische Jahrbucher, Abteilung fur Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Tiere 53 (1 / 3): 23 - 112." year="1927">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Blüthgen">Bluethgen</normalizedToken>
1927
</bibRefCitation>
: 79.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="31" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="31">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="31">
This species resembles
<taxonomicName authorityName="Meyer" authorityYear="1920" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Sphecodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphecodes laticeps" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laticeps">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">Sphecodes laticeps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Meyer, 1920 in having a similar structure, sculpture and coloration of the body, including the shape of the male genitalia. However, the male differs in the size of tyloids which usually cover the entire ventral flagellar surface or sometimes with a small glabrous spot on basal flagellomeres (versus antennae with well-developed medial glabrous spot on ventral surface of flagellomeres in
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. laticeps" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" rank="species" species="laticeps">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">S. laticeps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); females are challenging to distinguish, but
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. laticeps" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" rank="species" species="laticeps">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">S. laticeps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has T2 usually more distinctly punctate.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="31" type="descriptive notes">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="31">Descriptive notes.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="31">
Wings with weak yellow-brownish darkening; hind wing with the angle between basal (M) and cubital (Cu) veins ca. 80°, costal margin with seven hamuli. Lateral preoccipital carina present.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">Female.</emphasis>
Total body length 6.5-7.5 mm. Head (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 12–16" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 12 - 16. Sphecodes biroi Friese, female, paralectotype 12 head, frontal view 13 vertex, dorso-lateral view 14 mesosoma, dorsal view 15 metasoma, dorsal view 16 labels. Scale bars: 1.0 mm (12, 14, 15), 0.5 mm (13)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.937.51708.figures12-16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/416776" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">12</figureCitation>
) strongly transverse, ca. 1.3 times as wide as long; vertex elevated with distance from top of head to upper margin of lateral ocellus 1-1.5 times lateral ocellar diameter as seen in frontal view; labrum trapezoidal, 0.6 times as long as basal width; vertex (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 12–16" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 12 - 16. Sphecodes biroi Friese, female, paralectotype 12 head, frontal view 13 vertex, dorso-lateral view 14 mesosoma, dorsal view 15 metasoma, dorsal view 16 labels. Scale bars: 1.0 mm (12, 14, 15), 0.5 mm (13)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.937.51708.figures12-16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/416776" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">13</figureCitation>
) with shiny interspaces between shallow punctures (approximately a puncture diameter); paraocular (below the antennal sockets) and supraclypeal areas with adpressed white pubescence obscuring integument, clypeus and gena with sparser pubescence. Mesoscutum and mesoscutellum (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 12–16" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 12 - 16. Sphecodes biroi Friese, female, paralectotype 12 head, frontal view 13 vertex, dorso-lateral view 14 mesosoma, dorsal view 15 metasoma, dorsal view 16 labels. Scale bars: 1.0 mm (12, 14, 15), 0.5 mm (13)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.937.51708.figures12-16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/416776" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">14</figureCitation>
) mostly with confluent punctures (30-40
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
) and medially with a few shiny interspaces at most 1-2 puncture diameters; propodeal triangle (metapostnotum) roughly reticulate-rugose (sculpture forming 1-2 rows of large deep cells); mesepisternum reticulate-rugose. Metasomal T1 impunctate or with a few tiny punctures (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 12–16" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 12 - 16. Sphecodes biroi Friese, female, paralectotype 12 head, frontal view 13 vertex, dorso-lateral view 14 mesosoma, dorsal view 15 metasoma, dorsal view 16 labels. Scale bars: 1.0 mm (12, 14, 15), 0.5 mm (13)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.937.51708.figures12-16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/416776" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">15</figureCitation>
), T2 medially impunctate or with tiny and sparse punctures, but coarser and denser on lateral parts (10-15
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
/ 2-4); marginal zones impunctate; pygidial plate as wide as metabasitarsus; T1 and T2 red, T3 and T4 red or dark.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">Male.</emphasis>
Total body length 6-7 mm. Head transverse (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 17–21" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 17 - 21. Sphecodes biroi Friese, male 17 antennae, lateral view 18 head, frontal view 19 mesosoma, dorsal view 20 genitalia, dorsal view 21 T 1 - T 3, dorsal view. Scale bars: 1.0 mm (17 - 19, 21), 0.5 mm (20)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.937.51708.figures17-21" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/416777" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">18</figureCitation>
), ca. 1.2 times as wide as long; vertex elevated with distance from top of head to upper margin of lateral ocellus 1-1.5 times lateral ocellar diameter as seen in frontal view; antennae attain posterior margin of mesoscutum, F2 1.4-1.5 times as long as wide; tyloids well developed, covering entire ventral and lateral flagellar surfaces (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 17–21" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 17 - 21. Sphecodes biroi Friese, male 17 antennae, lateral view 18 head, frontal view 19 mesosoma, dorsal view 20 genitalia, dorsal view 21 T 1 - T 3, dorsal view. Scale bars: 1.0 mm (17 - 19, 21), 0.5 mm (20)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.937.51708.figures17-21" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/416777" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">17</figureCitation>
). Mesoscutum and mesoscutellum (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 17–21" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 17 - 21. Sphecodes biroi Friese, male 17 antennae, lateral view 18 head, frontal view 19 mesosoma, dorsal view 20 genitalia, dorsal view 21 T 1 - T 3, dorsal view. Scale bars: 1.0 mm (17 - 19, 21), 0.5 mm (20)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.937.51708.figures17-21" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/416777" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">19</figureCitation>
) mostly areolate with a few shiny interspaces at most a puncture diameter; propodeal triangle roughly reticulate-rugose (sculpture forming one or two rows of large deep cells); lateral parts of propodeum rugose with large smooth shiny interspaces. Metasomal terga (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 17–21" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 17 - 21. Sphecodes biroi Friese, male 17 antennae, lateral view 18 head, frontal view 19 mesosoma, dorsal view 20 genitalia, dorsal view 21 T 1 - T 3, dorsal view. Scale bars: 1.0 mm (17 - 19, 21), 0.5 mm (20)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.937.51708.figures17-21" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/416777" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">21</figureCitation>
) with fine and relatively dense punctures (10-15
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
/ 1-3), punctures more visible in specimens with darker terga; T1-T3 red or brownish; gonocoxite dorsally without impression; gonostylus as on Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 17–21" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 17 - 21. Sphecodes biroi Friese, male 17 antennae, lateral view 18 head, frontal view 19 mesosoma, dorsal view 20 genitalia, dorsal view 21 T 1 - T 3, dorsal view. Scale bars: 1.0 mm (17 - 19, 21), 0.5 mm (20)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.937.51708.figures17-21" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/416777" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">20</figureCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.937.51708.figures12-16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/416776" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" start="Figures 12–16" startId="F4">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="31">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">Figures 12-16.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Friese" authorityYear="1909" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Sphecodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphecodes biroi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biroi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">Sphecodes biroi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Friese, female, paralectotype
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">12</emphasis>
head, frontal view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">13</emphasis>
vertex, dorso-lateral view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">14</emphasis>
mesosoma, dorsal view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">15</emphasis>
metasoma, dorsal view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">16</emphasis>
labels. Scale bars: 1.0 mm (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">12, 14, 15</emphasis>
), 0.5 mm (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">13</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="31" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="31">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="31">
Malaysia: 1 ♂, Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 17.XI.1929, H.T. Pagden (NHMUK 013380438); 1 ♀, idem, Batu Road, 19.VII.1936, H.T. Pagden (NHMUK 013380348); 1 ♂, Perak Gerik env., 26-28.II.2000, K. Denes jun. (OLBL/PCMS); 3 ♂♂, Perak Bakit Larut, 23-25.II.2000, K. Denes jun. (OLBL/PCMS); Indonesia: 1 ♀, NE Sulawesi, 47 km WSW Kotamobagu, Dumoga-Bone N. Pk., Toraut, 211 m, VII.1985, G.R. Else (NHMUK 013380352); 1 ♂, North Sumatra,Brastagi, 76 km S Medan, 3.III-1.IV.1996, S. Becvar (OLBL/PCMS); Thailand: 2 ♀♀, 2 ♂♂, Nan, MaeCharim NPEingang,
<geoCoordinate degrees="18" direction="north" minutes="36" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="18.6">18°36'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="100" direction="east" minutes="58" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="100.96667">100°58'E</geoCoordinate>
, 206 m, 13-22.V.2012, E. &amp; J. Holzschuh (OLBL/PCMS); 1 ♂, Phuket Island, Main Harn, 1-5.II.2018, J. Halada (OLBL/PCMS); 1 ♂, Chumphon prov., 27.III-14.IV.1996,
<geoCoordinate degrees="9" direction="north" minutes="48" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="9.8">9°48'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="98" direction="east" minutes="47" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="98.78333">98°47'E</geoCoordinate>
, P. Prudek (OLBL/PCMS); Sri Lanka: ♂, Sri Lanka, Gal. Dist., Kanneliya Section, Sinharaja, 2-5.X.1980, K. Krombein et al. leg. (USNM) (S. Sakagami det as. &quot;
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Sphecodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphecodes lankensis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lankensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">Sphecodes lankensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
&quot; - unpublished manuscript name).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="31" type="published records">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="31">Published records.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="31">
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.14567" author="Cockerell, TDA" journalOrPublisher="Philippine Journal of Science" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" pagination="555 - 557" refId="B22" refString="Cockerell, TDA, 1919. The Sphecodinae bees of the Philippine Islands. Philippine Journal of Science 14 (5): 555 - 557, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.14567" title="The Sphecodinae bees of the Philippine Islands." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.14567" volume="14" year="1919">Cockerell 1919</bibRefCitation>
: 556 (Philippines, as
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. transversus" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" rank="species" species="transversus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">S. transversus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. latifrons" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" rank="species" species="latifrons">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">S. latifrons</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); Meyer 1920: 230 (Philippines, as
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. insularis" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" rank="species" species="insularis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">S. insularis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); 1925: 11 (Indonesia, as
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. bischoffi" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" rank="species" species="bischoffi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">S. bischoffi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); Perkins, 1921: 10 (East India, as
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. abnormis" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" rank="species" species="abnormis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">S. abnormis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
);
<bibRefCitation author="Ascher, JS" journalOrPublisher="Cambodian Journal of Natural History" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" publicationUrl="http://www.discoverlife.org/mp/20q?guide=Apoidea_species" refId="B3" refString="Ascher, JS, Pickering, J, 2019. Discover Life bee species guide and world checklist (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila). http://www.discoverlife.org/mp/20q?guide=Apoidea_species" title="Discover Life bee species guide and world checklist (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila)." url="http://www.discoverlife.org/mp/20q?guide=Apoidea_species" year="2019">Ascher and Pickering 2019</bibRefCitation>
(Indonesia, Philippines).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="31" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="31">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="31">Indonesia, *Malaysia, Philippines, *Thailand, India, Sri Lanka, New Guinea.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="31" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="31">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="31">
Records of this species in Thailand (
<bibRefCitation author="Ascher, JS" journalOrPublisher="Cambodian Journal of Natural History" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" publicationUrl="http://www.discoverlife.org/mp/20q?guide=Apoidea_species" refId="B3" refString="Ascher, JS, Pickering, J, 2019. Discover Life bee species guide and world checklist (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila). http://www.discoverlife.org/mp/20q?guide=Apoidea_species" title="Discover Life bee species guide and world checklist (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila)." url="http://www.discoverlife.org/mp/20q?guide=Apoidea_species" year="2019">Ascher and Pickering 2019</bibRefCitation>
) refer to
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Sphecodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphecodes biroi subsp. mariae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="biroi" subSpecies="mariae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">Sphecodes biroi mariae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Cockerell, 1930 =
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. laticeps" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" rank="species" species="laticeps">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">S. laticeps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Meyer, 1920 (see below).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.245.3416" ID-PMC="PMC3577090" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-245-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="FFFF52503A0AFF882450FFB66D45FF8E" ID-PubMed="23431087" ID-Zenodo-Dep="578462" ModsDocID="1313-2970-245-1" checkinTime="1425642919252" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Bousquet, Yves" docDate="2012" docId="3BBBCF2B010C1A164272F6CEEA66B848" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 245: 1-1722" docOrigin="ZooKeys 245" docPubDate="2012-11-28" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.245.3416" docTitle="Somotrichus unifasciatus" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" id="FFFF52503A0AFF882450FFB66D45FF8E" lastPageNumber="794" masterDocId="FFFF52503A0AFF882450FFB66D45FF8E" masterDocTitle="Catalogue of Geadephaga (Coleoptera, Adephaga) of America, north of Mexico" masterLastPageNumber="1722" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="793" updateTime="1668154792637" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Catalogue of Geadephaga (Coleoptera, Adephaga) of America, north of Mexico</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Bousquet, Yves</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Central Experimental Farm, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">bousquety1@yahoo.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2012</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2012-11-28</mods:number>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>245</mods:number>
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
<mods:end>1722</mods:end>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.245.3416</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.245.3416</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-245-1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="127866868" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3BBBCF2B010C1A164272F6CEEA66B848" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3BBBCF2B010C1A164272F6CEEA66B848" lastPageId="793" lastPageNumber="794" pageId="792" pageNumber="793">
<subSubSection pageId="792" pageNumber="793" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="792" pageNumber="793">
<taxonomicName LSID="3BBBCF2B-010C-1A16-4272-F6CEEA66B848" authority="(Dejean, 1831)" baseAuthorityName="Dejean" baseAuthorityYear="1831" class="Hexapoda" family="Carabidae" genus="Somotrichus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Somotrichus unifasciatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="792" pageNumber="793" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="unifasciatus">Somotrichus unifasciatus (Dejean, 1831)</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="792" pageNumber="793" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="792" pageNumber="793">
<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Carabidae" genus="Carabus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="792" pageNumber="793" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elevatus">Carabus elevatus</taxonomicName>
Fabricius, 1792: 162 [primary homonym of
<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Carabidae" genus="Carabus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="792" pageNumber="793" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elevatus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="792" pageNumber="793">Carabus elevatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Fabricius, 1787]. Type locality: &quot;Parisiis [France]&quot; (original citation). One syntype in ZMUC (Zimsen 1964: 59).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="792" pageNumber="793">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Dejean" authorityYear="1831" class="Hexapoda" family="Carabidae" genus="Lebia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="792" pageNumber="793" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="unifasciata">Lebia unifasciata</taxonomicName>
Dejean, 1831: 389. Type locality:
<normalizedToken originalValue="«Ile-de-France»">&quot;Ile-de-France&quot;</normalizedToken>
(original citation). Holotype [by monotypy] in MHNP. Synonymy established by
<normalizedToken originalValue="Brullé">Brulle</normalizedToken>
(1834a: 108).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="792" pageNumber="793">
<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Carabidae" genus="Coptodera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="792" pageNumber="793" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="unifasciata" subSpecies="2" variety="cincta">Coptodera 2-cincta</taxonomicName>
Hope, 1845: 15. Type locality: Canton (= Guangzhou in Guangdong province), China (inferred from title on page 13). Syntype(s) location unknown (possibly in UMO). Synonymy established by Andrewes (1919: 178).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="792" pageNumber="793">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fairmaire" authorityYear="1850" class="Hexapoda" family="Carabidae" genus="Coptodera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="792" pageNumber="793" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="massiliensis">Coptodera massiliensis</taxonomicName>
Fairmaire, 1850: 419. Type locality: &quot;Marseille [France]&quot; (original citation). Syntype(s) location unknown (possibly in MHNP). Synonymy established by Chaudoir (1854: 133).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="793" lastPageNumber="794" pageId="792" pageNumber="793" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="792" pageNumber="793">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="793" lastPageNumber="794" pageId="792" pageNumber="793">
This species is adventive in North America where it is known from Randolph County in North Carolina (Peter W. Messer pers. comm. 2012), Aiken County in South Carolina (Peter W. Messer pers. comm. 2011), Telfair and Jeff Davis Counties in southern Georgia (Harry J. Lee, Jr. pers. comm. 2010), Broward County in Florida (Peck and Thomas 1998: 25), Polk and Garland Counties in Arkansas (CMNH), and Santa Cruz County in southern Arizona (Ober and Maddison 2008: 30, as
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1792" class="Hexapoda" family="Carabidae" genus="Somotrichus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="792" pageNumber="793" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elevatus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="792" pageNumber="793">Somotrichus elevatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). The record from Seattle, Washington (Hatch 1953: 153) is based on specimens inte
<pageBreakToken pageId="793" pageNumber="794" start="start">rcepted</pageBreakToken>
in nuts from Brazil; that from
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Texas”">&quot;Texas&quot;</normalizedToken>
(Bousquet and Larochelle 1993: 270) needs confirmation.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="793" pageNumber="794" type="records">
<paragraph pageId="793" pageNumber="794">Records.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="793" pageNumber="794">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="793" pageNumber="794">USA</emphasis>
: AR, AZ, FL, GA, NC, SC [TX] -
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="793" pageNumber="794">Adventive</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>