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<document id="E54E1E4AA5C740DD7488E4F94412A3F1" ENCODING="UTF8" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b52315e4-6a10-475b-89dc-92911a5657dd" ModsDocAuthor="Parry, B. W." ModsDocDate="1979" ModsDocID="ORI10637" ModsDocOrigin="http://unknown" ModsDocTitle="A revision of the British species of the genus Phthiracarus Perty 1841 (Cryptostigmata: Euptyctima)" checkinTime="1323442017554" checkinUser="thomas" docAuthor="Parry, B. W." docDate="1979" docId="3B7304F5408E31FA5D3231163DC33F95" docLanguage="en" docName="Parry1979_gg1.xml" docOrigin="Bull. British Mus. nat. Hist., Zool. ser. 35" docSource="http://unknown" docTitle="Phthiracarus anonymum Grandjean" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="338" masterDocId="2F14AAF8D6D970E906EEC2E899DD9D37" masterDocTitle="A revision of the British species of the genus Phthiracarus Perty 1841 (Cryptostigmata: Euptyctima)" masterLastPageNumber="363" masterPageNumber="323" pageNumber="336" updateTime="1694697672104" updateUser="admin">
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<mods:title id="BCEE1391B695467D4333D457D79D4438">A revision of the British species of the genus Phthiracarus Perty 1841 (Cryptostigmata: Euptyctima)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="8FB14FF9947C9339E255DBED49F65384">Parry, B. W.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="EBD3DA153DEC4A1E1D7964DFF4177133">Bull. British Mus. nat. Hist., Zool. ser.</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="6307A39BEB79B1C2CE74E662C51E0999">1979</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="2E3C8D4EA4E75C82F09070E9DAF3224A">35</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="DD00A34A19044615DC474F3ACA163519">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="30D6BDB158DFE369A73CC08E60C0E479" type="Plazi-MODS">ORI10637</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="3B7304F5408E31FA5D3231163DC33F95" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6283525" ID-GBIF-Taxon="100112507" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6283525" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3B7304F5408E31FA5D3231163DC33F95" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3B7304F5408E31FA5D3231163DC33F95" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="338" pageId="15" pageNumber="336">
<subSubSection id="7F936F2250D5BBD48673E2AE6D64671B" pageId="15" pageNumber="336" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="5E40579B868FCD1C20148948F31A26D1" pageId="15" pageNumber="336">
<taxonomicName id="90EA5BDD5ECAE2D5DA5B8686AF7CB49C" class="Arachnida" family="Phthiracaridae" genus="Phthiracarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="336" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anonymum">Phthiracarus anonymum Grandjean</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="2DD7B2EC3CC5903E6CCB018CA8E8E885" pageId="15" pageNumber="336" type="description">
<paragraph id="BFB3BBDFE8F292668FEE071FDD03D753" pageId="15" pageNumber="336">(Fig. 6; Pl. 3b, e)</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C4849EEC4E44B05F73532830D0C2F64B" pageId="15" pageNumber="336" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="D56CEB558BC4602C7484B19F39735E1D" pageId="15" pageNumber="336">
<taxonomicName id="21C4866CE4225B3B9D5C1F0F3CA6C07B" class="Arachnida" family="Phthiracaridae" genus="Phthiracarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="336" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anonymum">Phthiracarus anonymum Grandjean</taxonomicName>
1933: 312 (ano-genital region); 1934: 51 (aspis &amp; notogaster); 1950: 73 (setae f1, f2 and ps4); van der Hammen, 1965: 376 (leg chaetotaxy).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="316BD30E1A2378C061001D830B9905EB" pageId="15" pageNumber="336">
[
<taxonomicName id="06A28AA0FCB3871EF29FAE5C86221912" class="Arachnida" family="Phthiracaridae" genus="Phthiracarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="336" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anonymum">Phthiracarus anonymum</taxonomicName>
: Felder &amp; Suciu, 1957: 24. Misidentification.]
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="755750FE48E26A8ADC487FE130431524" pageId="15" pageNumber="336" type="description">
<paragraph id="99E680775029EC308EADC713E71E221E" pageId="15" pageNumber="336">
Adult (Pl. 3b): Small, weakly sclerotized and opalescent. The aspis (Fig. 6C) ranges in length from 208 - 248
<normalizedToken id="3D5ACAA22F5B939C9EAF9B913BF799C7" originalValue="µm" pageId="15" pageNumber="336">ym</normalizedToken>
with a greatest width of 162 - 172
<normalizedToken id="A2940C4ED1DE577D4E0A9E83A8D58DD9" originalValue="µm" pageId="15" pageNumber="336">ym</normalizedToken>
. All the dorsal setae are fine and short. Setae (il) are about 1-5 times the length of setae (Ja) and extend two-thirds of the distance il-ro. The rostrals which are inserted relatively far apart are widely removed from the anterior margin. The sensillus (Fig. 6D) is short (20
<normalizedToken id="D921165FB4976132014BDBBB6A6D3529" originalValue="µm" pageId="15" pageNumber="336">ym</normalizedToken>
), ovate and serrated. The notogaster (Fig. 6E) ranges in length from 406 - 466
<normalizedToken id="FBE307AB2148CAA39D8CB2587F4F6538" originalValue="µm" pageId="15" pageNumber="336">ym</normalizedToken>
with a greatest depth of 253 - 294
<normalizedToken id="8708F080CF04AD274F9457C11A2EF0BB" originalValue="µm" pageId="15" pageNumber="336">ym</normalizedToken>
. All the setae are short (less than the distance c1 - d1), fine and erect. Setae c1 and c3 are inserted on the posterior margin of the collar and seta c2 submarginally. Vestigial f1 is located just dorsal to seta h1. The fissures ip and ips are absent. On each anal plate (PL 3e) there are five relatively short setae, of which, three, evidently ad3 and an1-2, are inserted on the paraxial margin, the longest in the row being am which is approximately twice as long as ad3. The chelicerae are approximately 137
<normalizedToken id="C3DC393E84E6BD2724E01BECB852D4A1" originalValue="µm" pageId="15" pageNumber="336">ym</normalizedToken>
in length. The principal segment carries about 12 sharply pointed spines on the paraxial surface and about 10 conical spines antiaxially. The leg chaetotaxy is of the 'reduced type' with the setal formulae: I (1-3-2-5-15-1); II (1-3-2-3-11-1); III (2-2-1-2-10-1) and IV (2-1-0-2-8-1). On tarsus I (Fig. 6A) true setae and eupathidia are difficult to distinguish since the former are more or less straight distally. The distal seta coupled with solenidion omega2 resembles that of
<taxonomicName id="B6EE402CE46850F55BB1B2849B12547E" class="Arachnida" family="Phthiracaridae" genus="Phthiracarus" genus.bestMatchDistance="4512" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="336" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="affinis">P. affinis</taxonomicName>
. Seta u on tarsi I and II is often short and thick and resembles a eupathidium. On tarsus IV (Fig. 6B) seta pv' is absent.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="FD2BFB9C3DE4874B4FE1A6FC93AE9434" pageId="15" pageNumber="336" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="BB3508517450338DF8A540F365F5557E" pageId="15" pageNumber="336">
Distribution:
<taxonomicName id="9239C8A6111B6A73370FC0F58A005B22" class="Arachnida" family="Phthiracaridae" genus="Phthiracarus" genus.bestMatchDistance="71" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="336" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anonymum">P. anonymum</taxonomicName>
, the only endophagous species identified in the present study, is apparently widely distributed in the F layer or mor forest soils. This species was common under both the hardwood and coniferous tree species at each of the study areas (see p. 324) being particularly abundant under oak where it constituted 5 - 10% of the euptyctimoid population.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A1CFAFF4783238D06A12A60498A91D18" pageId="16" pageNumber="337" type="multiple">
<caption id="0923AE5DD8A8C91DF564508D87399002" pageId="16" pageNumber="337">
<paragraph id="BA27B12F00FBDC963D1ADA4991D88DE1" pageId="16" pageNumber="337">
<pageBreakToken id="77AE48F1DC79CC7629BE7C1F19093F54" pageId="16" pageNumber="337" start="start">Fig</pageBreakToken>
. 6
<taxonomicName id="430A225D44545DAFE7CBA41E44F98D20" class="Arachnida" family="Phthiracaridae" genus="Phthiracarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="337" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anonymum">Phthiracarus anonymum</taxonomicName>
: (A) tarsus I, posterolateral aspect; (B) tarsus IV, posterolateral aspect; (C) aspis, dorsal; (D) sensillus and bothridium; (E) notogaster, lateral. (Fig. 6A, B are drawn at the same magnification.)
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A300233E789304CE89EC926F458E98E0" pageId="17" pageNumber="338" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="FBCB70854525548730A21D9695F2F5EF" pageId="17" pageNumber="338">
<pageBreakToken id="1B195652D2A19DE094448E21E43D3FF6" pageId="17" pageNumber="338" start="start">Material</pageBreakToken>
was also examined from: Wytham Woods Estate, Berkshire, 28.x.70 (T. G. Wood); Burnham Beeches, Buckinghamshire, 1964 (G. O. Evans); Bramshill Forest, Hampshire, 6.xii.70 (B. W. Parry); Woodwalton Fen, Huntingdonshire, 20.iv.65 (P. N. Lawrence); Hollows Wood, Kent, 3.iv.60 (P. N. Lawrence); Grasmere, Westmorland, 3.xii.54 (M. Bacchus); Meathop Wood, Westmorland, 19.iii.63 (P. N. Lawrence); Shawley Woods, Worcestershire, 4.X.63 (F. Flowers); Springwell Forest, Co. Londonderry, 1973 (J. Longworth); Perigueux, Dordogne, France (topotypes).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0B6BA437BF432DD86F8BB41B447F8F02" pageId="17" pageNumber="338" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="E46E354F7CB51DDBF0DEA4B71FE3F741" pageId="17" pageNumber="338">
Remarks: In comparison with the other British
<taxonomicName id="DE6B141CCAD318E618A50E5E4904AFCA" class="Arachnida" family="Phthiracaridae" genus="Phthiracarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="338" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Phthiracarus</taxonomicName>
species examined,
<taxonomicName id="02E1C864F0C5616D96E00A24F8C27E1B" class="Arachnida" family="Phthiracaridae" genus="Phthiracarus" genus.bestMatchDistance="702" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="338" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anonymum">P. anonymum</taxonomicName>
is somewhat atypical: it alone is opalescent; bears f1 dorsal to h1; carries ad3, on the paraxial margin of the anal plate and lacks the anterior primiventral seta on tarsus IV. The British material has been compared with a number of topotypes - no morphological differences could be detected.
<taxonomicName id="75012DAAA0463C36DB04788287111DE9" class="Arachnida" family="Phthiracaridae" genus="Phthiracarus" genus.bestMatchDistance="31875" genus.bestMatchVote="4" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="338" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="anonymus" subSpecies="amicus">
P. anonymus
<taxonomicName id="8319704B136220A16AE970407EE01BE6" class="Arachnida" family="Phthiracaridae" genus="Phthiracarus" genus.completionEvidence="missing" genus.completionRound="1" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="338" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="anonymus" subSpecies="amicus">amicus Jacot</taxonomicName>
</taxonomicName>
, described from deciduous leaf mould, Connecticut Hill, New York, USA, may well prove to be conspecific with
<taxonomicName id="AB485421BA628F20C5049BA6A76EE1AA" class="Arachnida" family="Phthiracaridae" genus="Phthiracarus" genus.bestMatchDistance="966" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="338" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anonymum">P. anonymum</taxonomicName>
. Jacot (1938) based his description on the position of seta d2 and the length of seta an1; d2 was located further towards d1 than was in fact shown in Grandjean's figure (Grandjean, 1934) while seta an1 appeared to be longer. Although Grandjean's figure does indeed differ in these two respects from Jacot's
<taxonomicName id="C898356C851136172CE6E178CE08F38B" class="Arachnida" family="Phthiracaridae" genus="Phthiracarus" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="2" genus.outerRound="1" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="338" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="anonymus" subSpecies="amicus">anonymus amicus</taxonomicName>
, the topotypic material of
<taxonomicName id="E22F7C7355672BCCC3BF5551C53731E7" class="Arachnida" family="Phthiracaridae" genus="Phthiracarus" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="338" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anonymum">anonymum</taxonomicName>
which has been examined agrees well with Jacot's description. A 'cotype' of
<taxonomicName id="9B69BE4BEB30D7AEC3EAF6F6479B6E72" class="Arachnida" family="Phthiracaridae" genus="Phthiracarus" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="2" genus.outerRound="1" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="338" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="anonymus" subSpecies="amicus">anonymus amicus</taxonomicName>
(slide no. 32108h2, undissected and mounted in Canada Balsam) has been examined and appears to be close to
<taxonomicName id="8C5BA93B1D0EECF14513D35B0CD24A83" class="Arachnida" family="Phthiracaridae" genus="Phthiracarus" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="338" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anonymum">anonymum</taxonomicName>
although the seta an1 is difficult to discern. Moreover, Jacot's species (diagonal length of notogaster about 400
<normalizedToken id="C15FE8C2627A167A37F7B642A2921B83" originalValue="µm" pageId="17" pageNumber="338">ym</normalizedToken>
) falls within the size range given by Grandjean (notogastral length 330 - 420
<normalizedToken id="205ED0F05B861314677998E6A387129D" originalValue="µm" pageId="17" pageNumber="338">ym</normalizedToken>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<mods:title>Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis</mods:title>
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<mods:dateIssued>1758</mods:dateIssued>
<mods:publisher>Laurentius Salvius</mods:publisher>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.542</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3919743" ID-GBIF-Taxon="164809401" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3919743" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:4F7B08AD-13A7-4C58-94FD-FEFCFF188399" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3B7307E7A2BE44C66A6827C2B7731974" lastPageNumber="251" pageNumber="251" sourcePageUrl="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/727162">
<subSubSection type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageNumber="251">
<taxonomicName LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:4F7B08AD-13A7-4C58-94FD-FEFCFF188399" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Actinopterygii" family="Gadidae" genus="Gadus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aeglefinus" status="spec. nov." zbkClass="Pisces" zbkKingdom="Animalia" zbkOrder="Jugulares">Gadus aeglefinus</taxonomicName>
[
<taxonomicNameLabel rank="species">spec. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
]
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection type="description">
<paragraph pageNumber="251">
G. tripterygius cirratus albicans, cauda biloba, maxilla superiore longiore.
<emphasis italics="true">Fn. svec.</emphasis>
297.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="251">
<emphasis italics="true">Art. gen.</emphasis>
20.
<emphasis italics="true">syn.</emphasis>
36.
<emphasis italics="true">spec.</emphasis>
64. Gadus dorso tripterygio, ore cirrato, corpore albicante, maxilla superiore longiore, cauda parum bifurca.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="251">
<emphasis italics="true">Gron. mus.</emphasis>
1.
<emphasis italics="true">n.</emphasis>
59. Idem nomen.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="251">
<emphasis italics="true">It. scan.</emphasis>
325. Gadus Kolja. @/ D. 15, 20, 19. P. 18. V. 6. A. 24, 21. C. - -
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="251">
<emphasis italics="true">It. Wgot.</emphasis>
178. Gadus dorso tripterygio, ore papilloso. @/D. 16, 18, 20. P. 17. V. 6. A. 22, 21. C. 23.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection type="distribution">
<paragraph pageNumber="251">
<emphasis italics="true">Habitat in Oceano</emphasis>
Europaeo.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<mods:title>The tiger beetles (Coleoptera, Cicindelidae) of the southern Levant and adjacent territories: from cybertaxonomy to conservation biology</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart>Assmann, Thorsten</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart>Boutaud, Esteve</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart>Buse, Joern</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart>Gebert, Joerg</mods:namePart>
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17.
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<paragraph pageId="24" pageNumber="67">Habitat.</paragraph>
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On salty habitats which have very sparse vascular plant vegetation. Often found on salty crusts of lagoons and ponds behind the coastal dunes (
<bibRefCitation author="Lisa, T" journalOrPublisher="Entomologia Basiliensia" pageId="42" pageNumber="85" refId="B74" refString="Lisa, T, 2002. Le Cicindele d'Italia (Coleoptera, Adephaga, Cicindelidae). Revue de l'Association Roussillonnaise d'Entomologie Supplement au Tome XI: 1-55." title="Le Cicindele d'Italia (Coleoptera, Adephaga, Cicindelidae). Revue de l'Association Roussillonnaise d'Entomologie Supplement au Tome XI: 1 - 55." year="2002">Lisa 2002</bibRefCitation>
), but can also be found in similar habitats farther inland (
<bibRefCitation author="Cassola, F" journalOrPublisher="Bolletino dell'Associazione Romana di Entomologia" pageId="39" pageNumber="82" pagination="59 - 70" refId="B26" refString="Cassola, F, 1970. Ecologia, distribuzione geografica e subspeciazione di Cicindela (Taenidia) circumdata Dej. Bolletino dell'Associazione Romana di Entomologia 25: 59 - 70" title="Ecologia, distribuzione geografica e subspeciazione di Cicindela (Taenidia) circumdata Dej." volume="25" year="1970">Cassola 1970</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Franzen, M" journalOrPublisher="Coleoptera (Schwanfelder Coleopterologische Mitteilungen)" pageId="40" pageNumber="83" pagination="1 - 12" refId="B42" refString="Franzen, M, 1996. Zur Systematik von Cephalota circumdata Dejean in der Tuerkei: Beschreibung von zwei neuen Unterarten aus Zentralanatolien (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Cicindelinae). Coleoptera (Schwanfelder Coleopterologische Mitteilungen) 15: 1 - 12" title="Zur Systematik von Cephalota circumdata Dejean in der Tuerkei: Beschreibung von zwei neuen Unterarten aus Zentralanatolien (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Cicindelinae)." volume="15" year="1996">Franzen 1996</bibRefCitation>
). Diurnal and nocturnal species. Attracted by light.
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection pageId="25" pageNumber="68" type="phenology">
<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="68">
<pageBreakToken pageId="25" pageNumber="68" start="start">Phenology</pageBreakToken>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="68">
In Italy from June to October with activity maximum in June and July (
<bibRefCitation author="Lisa, T" journalOrPublisher="Entomologia Basiliensia" pageId="42" pageNumber="85" refId="B74" refString="Lisa, T, 2002. Le Cicindele d'Italia (Coleoptera, Adephaga, Cicindelidae). Revue de l'Association Roussillonnaise d'Entomologie Supplement au Tome XI: 1-55." title="Le Cicindele d'Italia (Coleoptera, Adephaga, Cicindelidae). Revue de l'Association Roussillonnaise d'Entomologie Supplement au Tome XI: 1 - 55." year="2002">Lisa 2002</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection pageId="25" pageNumber="68" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="68">Distribution range.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="68">
A Mediterranean species from Spain and Algeria to Turkey (
<bibRefCitation author="Cassola, F" journalOrPublisher="Bolletino dell'Associazione Romana di Entomologia" pageId="39" pageNumber="82" pagination="59 - 70" refId="B26" refString="Cassola, F, 1970. Ecologia, distribuzione geografica e subspeciazione di Cicindela (Taenidia) circumdata Dej. Bolletino dell'Associazione Romana di Entomologia 25: 59 - 70" title="Ecologia, distribuzione geografica e subspeciazione di Cicindela (Taenidia) circumdata Dej." volume="25" year="1970">Cassola 1970</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Lisa, T" journalOrPublisher="Entomologia Basiliensia" pageId="42" pageNumber="85" refId="B74" refString="Lisa, T, 2002. Le Cicindele d'Italia (Coleoptera, Adephaga, Cicindelidae). Revue de l'Association Roussillonnaise d'Entomologie Supplement au Tome XI: 1-55." title="Le Cicindele d'Italia (Coleoptera, Adephaga, Cicindelidae). Revue de l'Association Roussillonnaise d'Entomologie Supplement au Tome XI: 1 - 55." year="2002">Lisa 2002</bibRefCitation>
).
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<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="68">Distribution in the southern Levant.</paragraph>
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No verified population. - The occurrence in El Tor (southern Sinai) has been questioned by
<bibRefCitation author="Horn, W" journalOrPublisher="Akademie der Landwirtschaftswissenschaften der Deutschen Demokratischen Republik, Berlin" pageId="42" pageNumber="85" refId="B63" refString="Horn, W, Roeschke, H, 1891. Monographie der Palaearktischen Cicindelen: Analytisch bearbeitet mit besonderer Beruecksichtigung der Variationsfaehigkeit und geographischen Verbreitung. Selbstverlag der Verfasser, Berlin." title="Monographie der Palaearktischen Cicindelen: Analytisch bearbeitet mit besonderer Beruecksichtigung der Variationsfaehigkeit und geographischen Verbreitung. Selbstverlag der Verfasser, Berlin." year="1891">Horn and Roeschke (1891)</bibRefCitation>
. Schatzmayr (1936)
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not examine specimens from there or from anywhere else on the peninsula.
<bibRefCitation author="Alfieri, A" journalOrPublisher="Memoires de la Societe Entomologique de Egypte" pageId="38" pageNumber="81" pagination="1 - 361" refId="B5" refString="Alfieri, A, 1976. The Coleoptera of Egypt. Memoires de la Societe Entomologique de Egypte 5: 1 - 361" title="The Coleoptera of Egypt." volume="5" year="1976">Alfieri (1976)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation author="Abdel-Dayem, MS" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Entomological Society of Egypt" pageId="38" pageNumber="81" pagination="193 - 217" refId="B1" refString="Abdel-Dayem, MS, El-Haewagri, MSA, Yassan, SA, 2003. A review of the Egyptian species of tiger beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Cicindelidae). Bulletin of the Entomological Society of Egypt 80: 193 - 217" title="A review of the Egyptian species of tiger beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Cicindelidae)." volume="80" year="2003">Abdel-Dayem et al. (2003)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation author="Abdel-Dayem, MS" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Entomological Society of Egypt" pageId="38" pageNumber="81" pagination="53 - 76" refId="B2" refString="Abdel-Dayem, MS, 2004. Diversity and spatial distribution of ground and tiger beetles (Carabidae, Coleoptera) in the Sinai Peninsula, Egypt. Bulletin of the Entomological Society of Egypt 81: 53 - 76" title="Diversity and spatial distribution of ground and tiger beetles (Carabidae, Coleoptera) in the Sinai Peninsula, Egypt." volume="81" year="2004">Abdel-Dayem (2004)</bibRefCitation>
list the species for southern Sinai, while
<bibRefCitation author="Nussbaum, Y" journalOrPublisher="YES Quarterly" pageId="43" pageNumber="86" pagination="7 - 15" refId="B87" refString="Nussbaum, Y, 1987. Tiger beetles of Israel and Sinai (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae). YES Quarterly 4: 7 - 15" title="Tiger beetles of Israel and Sinai (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae)." volume="4" year="1987">Nussbaum (1987)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.578.7383" author="Matalin, AV" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="43" pageNumber="86" pagination="115 - 160" refId="B82" refString="Matalin, AV, Chikatunov, VI, 2016. The tiger beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Cicindelinae) of Israel and adjacent lands. ZooKeys 578: 115 - 160, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.578.7383" title="The tiger beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Cicindelinae) of Israel and adjacent lands." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.578.7383" volume="578" year="2016">Matalin and Chikatunov (2016)</bibRefCitation>
do not.
<bibRefCitation author="Horn, W" journalOrPublisher="Akademie der Landwirtschaftswissenschaften der Deutschen Demokratischen Republik, Berlin" pageId="42" pageNumber="85" refId="B62" refString="Horn, W, Kahle, I, Friese, G, Gaedike, R, 1990. Collectiones entomologicae: Ein Kompendium ueber den Verbleib entomologischer Sammlungen der Welt bis 1960. Akademie der Landwirtschaftswissenschaften der Deutschen Demokratischen Republik, Berlin" title="Collectiones entomologicae: Ein Kompendium ueber den Verbleib entomologischer Sammlungen der Welt bis 1960." year="1990">Horn et al. (1990)</bibRefCitation>
report that
<normalizedToken originalValue="Alfieri’s">Alfieri's</normalizedToken>
beetle collection has been incorporated into the collection of Frey, which is now preserved in the natural history museum in Basel. However, no verifiable specimens of
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. circumdata" pageId="26" pageNumber="69" rank="species" species="circumdata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="69">C. circumdata</emphasis>
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from Sinai are preserved in the Frey collection, and only few tiger beetle individuals from
<normalizedToken originalValue="Alfieri’s">Alfieri's</normalizedToken>
collection are found in Basel (Sprecher-Uebersax, pers. comm.). We do not know of any verifiable record from the Sinai. As all other populations are known from areas with a typical Mediterranean climate, we believe that
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. circumdata" pageId="26" pageNumber="69" rank="species" species="circumdata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="69">C. circumdata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is not found in the Sinai (cf.
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.578.7383" author="Matalin, AV" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="43" pageNumber="86" pagination="115 - 160" refId="B82" refString="Matalin, AV, Chikatunov, VI, 2016. The tiger beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Cicindelinae) of Israel and adjacent lands. ZooKeys 578: 115 - 160, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.578.7383" title="The tiger beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Cicindelinae) of Israel and adjacent lands." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.578.7383" volume="578" year="2016">Matalin and Chikatunov 2016</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="26" pageNumber="69">Taxonomic notes.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="26" pageNumber="69">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="69">Cephalota circumdata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has several subspecies which are mainly characterized by the elytral pale patterns. However,
<bibRefCitation author="Franzen, M" journalOrPublisher="Coleoptera (Schwanfelder Coleopterologische Mitteilungen)" pageId="40" pageNumber="83" pagination="1 - 12" refId="B42" refString="Franzen, M, 1996. Zur Systematik von Cephalota circumdata Dejean in der Tuerkei: Beschreibung von zwei neuen Unterarten aus Zentralanatolien (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Cicindelinae). Coleoptera (Schwanfelder Coleopterologische Mitteilungen) 15: 1 - 12" title="Zur Systematik von Cephalota circumdata Dejean in der Tuerkei: Beschreibung von zwei neuen Unterarten aus Zentralanatolien (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Cicindelinae)." volume="15" year="1996">Franzen (1996)</bibRefCitation>
reported strong pattern variability within some populations.
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<treatment id="3B7364A5DF6C7296127408FE8D5D68D9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6284672" ID-GBIF-Taxon="125135919" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6284672" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3B7364A5DF6C7296127408FE8D5D68D9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3B7364A5DF6C7296127408FE8D5D68D9" lastPageNumber="78" pageNumber="78">
<subSubSection id="D13F6EE3256465F650D0EA7F97E56749" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="DCD1B1EB4EC88E97D68EAB67A3893634" pageNumber="78">
[73]
<taxonomicName id="8EBABEB9415FC6B4FE668591F3111A83" ID-CoL="4YZCY" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:36408" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Sphinctomyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphinctomyrmex asper Brown" lsidName-HNS="Sphinctomyrmex asper Brown" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="asper">Sphinctomyrmex asper</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="DF95B5E09BE3A61F45B4C6A1356FEA3A" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="DE7B96EE7473D3639698A7BEA5E035A2" type="description">
<paragraph id="22993BA440F5AE48B6DD9723E0B245A4" pageNumber="78">Holotype worker: TL 3.4, HL 0.67, HW 0.50 (CI 75), ML 0.06, scape L 0.34, WL 0.82, petiolar node L 0.29, W 0.30, postpetiole L 0.40, W 0.43 mm.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2FB24DCE92C0EA9CBE9C0775743AB976" pageNumber="78">
Habitus of small
<taxonomicName id="B086B9830883B1F365E8468A95113FBB" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:36426" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Sphinctomyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphinctomyrmex steinheili Forel" lsidName-HNS="Sphinctomyrmex steinheili Forel" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="steinheili">S. steinheili</taxonomicName>
, or
<taxonomicName id="33D152AF4B6783365514FB145AAB97F9" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:36414" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Sphinctomyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphinctomyrmex duchaussoyi (André)" lsidName-HNS="Sphinctomyrmex duchaussoyi (André)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="duchaussoyi">S. duchaussoyi</taxonomicName>
, and with the truncal dorsum almost perfectly flat and the color tawny, as in
<taxonomicName id="F90C0E920C79CA4DEBD51E4C22D3A96B" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:36414" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Sphinctomyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphinctomyrmex duchaussoyi (André)" lsidName-HNS="Sphinctomyrmex duchaussoyi (André)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="duchaussoyi">S. duchaussoyi</taxonomicName>
, but with antennae 12 - merous and sculpture more dense and opaque.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="49DC3CF9C74E28702F248BEF7DE58C38" pageNumber="78">
Head oblong, with parallel, weakly convex sides and transverse (almost imperceptibly concave) posterior margin as seen in full-face view. Posterior corners rather sharply rounded. No eyes or remnants of eyes visible at magnification of X 100. Frontal carinae short, close together, touching behind; anterior slope of clypeus between them with a minute tubercle or carina. Translucent apron of free clypeal margin much as in
<taxonomicName id="58AEC540B80CB8833CCDCA82D6E78B30" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:36426" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Sphinctomyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphinctomyrmex steinheili Forel" lsidName-HNS="Sphinctomyrmex steinheili Forel" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="steinheili">S. steinheili</taxonomicName>
, narrowly rounded. Fused posterior frontal carinae continued posteriad for a short way on anterior part of head as a fairly distinct carina.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3572E00FA5D3586AF599A4D298894705" pageNumber="78">Mandibles triangular, with basal border rounding into masticatory margin; the latter apparently edentate most of its length, but there may be a few minute denticles near the basal angle. Mandibular surfaces smooth with small, spaced punctures.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A97B06E862984072CF226DC0D008640F" pageNumber="78">Trunk almost exactly twice as long as broad (excluding pronotal cervix, but including propodeal declivity), nearly parallel-sided, but slightly wider across the posterior half and very feebly constricted near midlength. Sutures obliterated; pronotal cervix separated from main part of pronotum by a shining, transverse, curved groove, but there is no distinct transverse pronotal margin. Propodeal declivity finely shagreened, subopaque, bounded by a weak margin on the sides and arching over the top.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0B84126A214E71ACFE49074B8EF36B91" pageNumber="78">Petiolar node subquadratic, with nearly straight anterior and posterior margins and gently convex lateral ones. Postpetiole trapezoidal, with straight anterior and almost straight (very feebly convex), posteriorly diverging sides. First 3 (principal) gastric segments wider than postpetiole and just about equal to one another in width (0.53 mm) and length; slightly depressed. Last visible tergal segment (pygidium) narrower, tapering caudad, but with a subtruncate apex, perhaps even a trifle emarginate in the middle; marginal spinules in 1 or 2 rows.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5CD6C0660388C45B6B4F05E58CDAC982" pageNumber="78">
The sculpture of
<taxonomicName id="40971AAB7F729F5A209488FFC9DB0FDC" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:36408" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Sphinctomyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphinctomyrmex asper Brown" lsidName-HNS="Sphinctomyrmex asper Brown" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="asper">S. asper</taxonomicName>
is intermediate between those of
<taxonomicName id="9E3577A37F34A19224FAA1EC3314E86D" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:36426" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Sphinctomyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphinctomyrmex steinheili Forel" lsidName-HNS="Sphinctomyrmex steinheili Forel" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="steinheili">S. steinheili</taxonomicName>
and s.
<taxonomicName id="00030DAA5AB5C667F2E961F689FB5E2B" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:36409" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Sphinctomyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphinctomyrmex caledonicus Wilson" lsidName-HNS="Sphinctomyrmex caledonicus Wilson" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caledonicus">caledonicus</taxonomicName>
, being more closed and opaque, i. e., with fewer and notably narrower smooth spaces between the foveolae than in
<taxonomicName id="FEE5522E0CC5CE33FCFBE8C10F9A670F" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:36426" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Sphinctomyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphinctomyrmex steinheili Forel" lsidName-HNS="Sphinctomyrmex steinheili Forel" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="steinheili">steinheili</taxonomicName>
, but with at least a few narrow, smooth, shining interspaces on middle of the sides of head and sides of pronotum, and even a few very narrow ones on the truncal dorsum, yielding a sparkle here and there if looked for carefully.
<taxonomicName id="4C389D8E44ACF3C3F1470BF0B4AED774" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:36409" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Sphinctomyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphinctomyrmex caledonicus Wilson" lsidName-HNS="Sphinctomyrmex caledonicus Wilson" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caledonicus">S. caledonicus</taxonomicName>
lacks these shining spaces, though the rims of the foveolae themselves reflect some small weak points of light in the New Caledonia species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2ACACCC7351637D3AC57710FCFA627F5" pageNumber="78">
In
<taxonomicName id="6801D9D9416ECB930CBC32BA9992B6D6" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:36408" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Sphinctomyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphinctomyrmex asper Brown" lsidName-HNS="Sphinctomyrmex asper Brown" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="asper">S. asper</taxonomicName>
the petiole, postpetiole, and gastric dorsum are all densely punctate, and their surfaces are in general only moderately shining, the gaster more so than the nodes. Legs and scapes densely punctulate, opaque, femora weakly shining.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2622A3F8EA93633018486A15F2E56DEA" pageNumber="78">Pilosity short but abundant, tending to be appressed or decumbent over most of the body; a very few longer erect hairs, particularly near the apices of the gastric segments, may represent original standing pilosity, or may be the result of the brushing and ruffling needed to clean dirt particles from this old specimen. A few of these longer hairs on propodeum (perhaps ruffled erect), and a number at gastric apex, probably normally standing. Scapes and legs with appressed to decumbent pilosity.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="08BF607E9BF9795D23EB357A312BF606" pageNumber="78">Color uniform tawny yellow, the legs perhaps a bit lighter.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="94456DA13A24CCE6EF3A1576F699E0EB" pageNumber="78">Queen (ergatoid): TL 3.9, HL 0.72, HW 0.54 (CI 75), ML 0.06, scape L 0.39, greatest diameter of compound eye 0.10, WL 0.94, petiolar node L 0.31, W 0.33, postpetiole L 0.40, W 0.48 mm.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D1B37FF09392A140E48DB905548572C5" pageNumber="78">Aside from its larger size, 3 distinct ocelli, and distinct, flat, subcircular compound eyes (with about 50, perhaps more, fine ommatidial facets), the ergatoid queen is little different from its worker. The sculpture is, if anything, still finer and more opaque, and the pilosity and color are much the same.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="876E638E15038B21EED1920EB9C0F419" pageNumber="78">Male (postpetiole and gaster missing): HL 0.57, HW across and including eyes 0.64, ML 0.12, WL 1.17, forewing L 2.46 mm.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="983ECA376226D21F95F1CB306DD5B54F" pageNumber="78">Translucent apron of clypeal margin sharply rounded, covering inner bases of closed mandibles, which are triangular; no space between mandibles and clypeus. Antennae 13 - merous; pedicel about as broad as long, succeeding (second funicular) segment smaller, also about as broad as long; remaining segments all longer than broad; apical segment twice as long as penultimate segment.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5972DF06B3A9B04C52E977C19A302CA9" pageNumber="78">Notauli distinct, forming a complete Y. Scutellum rounded and prominent. Propodeal declivity with strong lateral and dorsal margins, forming an angle in side view. Petiolar node rounded above, slightly broader than long.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F11F98FF1BAFF8DA4C7F1722221DD7D0" pageNumber="78">Head contiguously and rather coarsely punctate and opaque. Mandibles shining, with scattered, fine punctures. Trunk densely punctate dorsally, with weakly shining interspaces. Scutellum, metanotum, and propodeum contiguously punctate, with a few rugulae, opaque; propodeal declivity striate-reticulate, subopaque; sides of pronotum and mesopleura sparsely punctate on a smooth and shining surface. Petiolar node indistinctly punctate and shagreened, subopaque. Pilosity short, appressed to suberect, pubescence-like. Color castaneous brown, mandibles and legs dull yellow; antennae light brown.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6D0F0752E50C79CEABB9C908FBEE9A0D" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="C350668E7D7B5D55AF2A7D53567CE3A8" lastPageNumber="79" pageNumber="78">
The holotype worker, ergatoid queen, and male were originally found in MCZ miscellany, pointed together on a single pin labeled as from Halifax, N Queensland, Australia, June 1919, F. X. Williams. All are deposited in MCZ, and if additional material exists, I have not seen it. The real relationship of
<taxonomicName id="721EF047A4F1D630226D1CC4508F1D72" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:36408" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Sphinctomyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphinctomyrmex asper Brown" lsidName-HNS="Sphinctomyrmex asper Brown" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="asper">S. asper</taxonomicName>
will not be known until all of the Australian
<taxonomicName id="53DFF347CDFCBBB0860F12AE1E8C1AE0" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2433" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Sphinctomyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphinctomyrmex Mayr" lsidName-HNS="Sphinctomyrmex Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Sphinctomyrmex</taxonomicName>
species are better represented in collections and associated with the proper males.
<taxonomicName id="1272D10357F6A59065E9D61AC5E67F73" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:36408" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Sphinctomyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphinctomyrmex asper Brown" lsidName-HNS="Sphinctomyrmex asper Brown" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="asper">S. asper</taxonomicName>
is probably closest to the New Caledonian species, s.
<taxonomicName id="8E3D215AED5651119BC4A9CF73FCF4E5" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:36409" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Sphinctomyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphinctomyrmex caledonicus Wilson" lsidName-HNS="Sphinctomyrmex caledonicus Wilson" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caledonicus">caledonicus</taxonomicName>
, but, in addition to the characters cited in the key,
<taxonomicName id="5DADD7C81887A84F8DBCEFAA1A797F08" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:36408" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Sphinctomyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphinctomyrmex asper Brown" lsidName-HNS="Sphinctomyrmex asper Brown" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="asper">S. asper</taxonomicName>
is much lighter in color, is more slender, and has much straighter (less convex) sides of the postpetiole seen in dorsal view than does
<taxonomicName id="967525ACAAD23C1CBCF07AA840D75F84" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:36409" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Sphinctomyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphinctomyrmex caledonicus Wilson" lsidName-HNS="Sphinctomyrmex caledonicus Wilson" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caledonicus">S. caledonicus</taxonomicName>
; the latter species also has a distinct if fine transverse margin across the front of the pronotum.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

279
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<mods:namePart>Li, Shuang-Shuang</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart>Xu, Zai-Fu</mods:namePart>
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="72">
<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/88596221-642F-433C-9DAF-1A00DAD85A83" authority="Li &amp; Xu" authorityName="Li &amp; Xu" authorityYear="2017" class="Insecta" family="Chrysididae" genus="Imasega" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Imasega bicolor" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicolor" status="sp. n.">Imasega bicolor Li &amp; Xu</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="1" pageNumber="72">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Imasega bicolor sp. n., male, holotype, habitus, lateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.54.11675.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/124079" pageId="1" pageNumber="72">Figs 1</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Imasega bicolor sp. n., male, holotype, habitus, dorsal view." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.54.11675.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/124080" pageId="1" pageNumber="72">, 2</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 3–5" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 3 - 5. Imasega bicolor sp. n., male, holotype. 3 Antenna 4 Head, frontal view 5 Head and mesosoma, dorsal view." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.54.11675.figures3-5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/124081" pageId="1" pageNumber="72">, 3-5</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="73" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="73">
<pageBreakToken pageId="2" pageNumber="73" start="start">Material</pageBreakToken>
examined.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="73">
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2003-10-01" collectorName="Ju-jian Chen, No." country="CHINA" location="Heishiding Provincial Nature Reserve" municipality="Fengkai" specimenCount="♂" stateProvince="Guangdong" typeStatus="Holotype">
<typeStatus>Holotype</typeStatus>
<specimenCount>♂</specimenCount>
,
<collectingCountry name="China">CHINA</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion country="China" name="Guangdong">Guangdong</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingMunicipality>Fengkai</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3B7384A1AEBD571B204F581120E4B423:E96161329743E2FEF11CFE0286D49FFE" country="CHINA" municipality="Fengkai" name="Heishiding Provincial Nature Reserve" stateProvince="Guangdong">Heishiding Provincial Nature Reserve</location>
,
<collectingDate value="2003-10-01">1.X.2003</collectingDate>
, leg.
<collectorName>Ju-jian Chen, No.</collectorName>
20047672 (SCAU)
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2003-10-01" collectorName="Ju-jian Chen, No." country="CHINA" location="Heishiding Provincial Nature Reserve" municipality="Fengkai" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Guangdong" typeStatus="Paratypes">
<typeStatus>Paratypes</typeStatus>
:
<specimenCount type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
<collectingCountry name="China">CHINA</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion country="China" name="Guangdong">Guangdong</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingMunicipality>Fengkai</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3B7384A1AEBD571B204F581120E4B423:17F97F407244FD4A3C16805739A86F68" country="CHINA" municipality="Fengkai" name="Heishiding Provincial Nature Reserve" stateProvince="Guangdong">Heishiding Provincial Nature Reserve</location>
,
<collectingDate value="2003-10-01">1.X.2003</collectingDate>
, leg.
<collectorName>Ju-jian Chen, No.</collectorName>
20047664 (SCAU)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2003-10-01" collectorName="Ju-jian Chen, No." country="CHINA" location="Heishiding Provincial Nature Reserve" municipality="Fengkai" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Guangdong" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
<collectingCountry name="China">CHINA</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion country="China" name="Guangdong">Guangdong</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingMunicipality>Fengkai</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3B7384A1AEBD571B204F581120E4B423:66BB2A7DF2BAEF9CB3332BFCEF0B0E7A" country="CHINA" municipality="Fengkai" name="Heishiding Provincial Nature Reserve" stateProvince="Guangdong">Heishiding Provincial Nature Reserve</location>
,
<collectingDate value="2003-10-01">1.X.2003</collectingDate>
, leg.
<collectorName>Ju-jian Chen, No.</collectorName>
20047642 (SCAU)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2005-05-02" collectingDateMax="2005-05-03" collectingDateMin="2005-05-02" collectorName="Zai-fu Xu, No." country="CHINA" location="Nankunshan Provincial Nature Reserve" municipality="Longmen" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Guangdong" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
<collectingCountry name="China">CHINA</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion country="China" name="Guangdong">Guangdong</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingMunicipality>Longmen</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3B7384A1AEBD571B204F581120E4B423:8528D24F3BDFE1511BF6DB29A03CD276" country="CHINA" municipality="Longmen" name="Nankunshan Provincial Nature Reserve" stateProvince="Guangdong">Nankunshan Provincial Nature Reserve</location>
,
<collectingDate value="2005-05-02" valueMax="2005-05-03" valueMin="2005-05-02">2-3.V.2005</collectingDate>
, leg.
<collectorName>Zai-fu Xu, No.</collectorName>
200509614 (SCAU)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="76" pageId="2" pageNumber="73" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="73">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="73">
Holotype.
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="73">Male</emphasis>
. Body length 3.6 mm. Forewing length 2.8 mm. MOL = 2.0 MOD; OOL = 0.8 MOD; POL = 1.7 MOD; MS = 1.7 MOD. Relative length of S:F1:F2:F3 = 1.5:1.6:1.2:1.1.
</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="74" pageId="2" pageNumber="73">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="73">Head.</emphasis>
Head with setulae. Head 1.4
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as wide as distance from clypeal apex to posterior ocelli. Head (except scapal basin) punctate; punctures interspaced by 0.2-1.0 PD. Scapal basin slightly concave, with faint transverse rugulae and smooth longitudinal median ridge. Eye strongly bulging and with dense, erect setulae. Clypeal apex thickened. Mandible with one tooth. MS less than half of eye height. Ocellar triangle obtuse isosceles. Flagellum with dense, oblique setulae; flagellar setulae about
<pageBreakToken pageId="3" pageNumber="74" start="start">half</pageBreakToken>
as long as width of flagellar segment; F1 4.5
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as wide; F2 3.4
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as wide; F3 3.4
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as wide; F4 3.7
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as wide; F5 3.8
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as wide; F6 4.2
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as wide; F7 4.3
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as wide; F8 4.4
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as wide. Occipital carina absent.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="74">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="74">Mesosoma.</emphasis>
Mesosoma with setulae. Pronotum punctate; punctures interspaced by 0.3-0.6 PD; pronotum with longitudinal median groove on posterior third; pronotum 0.8
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as mesoscutum medially; Mesoscutum punctate; punctures interspaced by 0.3-0.6 PD. Notauli incomplete, present posteriorly. Parapsidal lines weakly impressed. Mesoscutellum punctate. Mesopleuron punctate, without scrobal sulcus or omaulus; punctures interspaced by 0.1-0.7 PD. Metanotum punctate, medially 0.8
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as mesoscutellum, with triangular median enclosure 0.8
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as basal width. Metapleuron mostly smooth. Propodeum with short and blunt posterolateral teeth; posterior and lateral surfaces weakly rugose. Hind coxa without dorsobasal carina. Tarsal claw with large median tooth.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="74">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="74">Metasoma.</emphasis>
Metasoma with setulae. Metasomal tergites and sternites finely and sparsely punctate; punctures interspaced by 3.0 to 10.0 PD.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="75">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="75">
<pageBreakToken pageId="4" pageNumber="75" start="start">Colouration</pageBreakToken>
.
</emphasis>
Body without metallic reflection. Head black. Antenna blackish brown, with scape and pedicel yellowish brown. Mandible yellowish brown, with tooth reddish brown. Clypeus yellowish brown. Pronotum and propleuron yellowish brown. Mesoscutum, mesoscutellum, metanotum and propodeum black. Mesopleuron black, with upper area brown. Metapleuron black. Legs with coxae and trochanters whitish yellow, femora, tibiae and tarsi yellowish brown. Wings hyaline, with stigma and veins brown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="76">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="76">
<pageBreakToken pageId="5" pageNumber="76" start="start">Variations</pageBreakToken>
</emphasis>
. Paratypes. Body length 3.4-4.1 mm. Head 1.4-1.7
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as wide as distance from clypeal apex to posterior ocelli. F4-F8 3.7-4.4
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as wide. Pronotum 0.7-1.0
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as mesoscutum medially. Metanotum 0.8-1.1
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as mesoscutellum medially.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="76">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="76">Female</emphasis>
. Unknown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="76" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="76">Biology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="76">Unknown.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="76" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="76">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="76">China (Guangdong).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="76" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="76">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="76">
The specific name &quot;
<taxonomicName authorityName="Li &amp; Xu" authorityYear="2017" class="Insecta" family="Chrysididae" genus="Imasega" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="bicolor" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicolor">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="76">bicolor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
&quot; refers to the colouration of the mesosoma.
</paragraph>
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="990187" doi="10.3897/jhr.54.11675.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/124079" pageId="5" pageNumber="76" start="Figure 1" startId="F1">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="76">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="76">Figure 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Li &amp; Xu" authorityYear="2017" class="Insecta" family="Chrysididae" genus="Imasega" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Imasega bicolor" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicolor">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="76">Imasega bicolor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. n., male, holotype, habitus, lateral view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="990189" doi="10.3897/jhr.54.11675.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/124080" pageId="5" pageNumber="76" start="Figure 2" startId="F2">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="76">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="76">Figure 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Li &amp; Xu" authorityYear="2017" class="Insecta" family="Chrysididae" genus="Imasega" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Imasega bicolor" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicolor">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="76">Imasega bicolor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. n., male, holotype, habitus, dorsal view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="990191" doi="10.3897/jhr.54.11675.figures3-5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/124081" pageId="5" pageNumber="76" start="Figures 3–5" startId="F3">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="76">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="76">Figures 3-5.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Li &amp; Xu" authorityYear="2017" class="Insecta" family="Chrysididae" genus="Imasega" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Imasega bicolor" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicolor">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="76">Imasega bicolor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. n., male, holotype.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="76">3</emphasis>
Antenna
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="76">4</emphasis>
Head, frontal view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="76">5</emphasis>
Head and mesosoma, dorsal view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="990193" doi="10.3897/jhr.54.11675.figures6-8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/124082" pageId="5" pageNumber="76" start="Figures 6–8" startId="F4">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="76">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="76">Figures 6-8.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Krombein" authorityYear="1983" class="Insecta" family="Chrysididae" genus="Imasega" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Imasega rufithorax" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufithorax">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="76">Imasega rufithorax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Krombein, male from Karunaratne, Sri Lanka.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="76">6</emphasis>
Habitus, lateral view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="76">7</emphasis>
Habitus, dorsal view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="76">8</emphasis>
Labels.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</subSection>
</document>

139
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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.485.9124" ID-GBIF-Dataset="d468e240-9b99-4883-9773-ce197c80d795" ID-PMC="PMC4361813" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-485-1" ID-PubMed="25829847" ID-ZBK="F18CFD3D10294E8AA2E8CEF1AFDBAC8F" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2015" ModsDocID="1313-2970-485-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 485" ModsDocTitle="Integrative taxonomy of New World Euplectrus Westwood (Hymenoptera, Eulophidae), with focus on 55 new species from Area de Conservación Guanacaste, northwestern Costa Rica" checkinTime="1451244611570" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Hansson, Christer, Smith, M. Alex, Janzen, Daniel H. &amp; Hallwachs, Winnie" docDate="2015" docId="3B7391475E04F44D4AB907A803971721" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 485: 1-236" docOrigin="ZooKeys 485" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.485.9124" docTitle="Euplectrus ronnai" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="118" masterDocId="FF88FF8BFFD1FFF508211F3E69571922" masterDocTitle="Integrative taxonomy of New World Euplectrus Westwood (Hymenoptera, Eulophidae), with focus on 55 new species from Area de Conservacion Guanacaste, northwestern Costa Rica" masterLastPageNumber="236" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="117" updateTime="1668160088334" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>Integrative taxonomy of New World Euplectrus Westwood (Hymenoptera, Eulophidae), with focus on 55 new species from Area de Conservacion Guanacaste, northwestern Costa Rica</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Hansson, Christer</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Smith, M. Alex</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Janzen, Daniel H.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Hallwachs, Winnie</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date>2015</mods:date>
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<mods:number>485</mods:number>
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.485.9124</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">F18CFD3D10294E8AA2E8CEF1AFDBAC8F</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152058469" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3B7391475E04F44D4AB907A803971721" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3B7391475E04F44D4AB907A803971721" lastPageId="118" lastPageNumber="118" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">
<subSubSection pageId="116" pageNumber="117" type="multiple">
<paragraph pageId="116" pageNumber="117">Taxon classification Animalia Hymenoptera Eulophidae</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="116" pageNumber="117" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="116" pageNumber="117">
<taxonomicName authority="Brethes" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Euplectrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Euplectrus ronnai" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ronnai">
Euplectrus ronnai (
<normalizedToken originalValue="Brèthes">Brethes</normalizedToken>
)
</taxonomicName>
Figures 579, 580
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="117" pageNumber="118" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="117" pageNumber="118">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Heteroscapus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heteroscapus ronnai" order="Coleoptera" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ronnai">
<pageBreakToken pageId="117" pageNumber="118" start="start">Heteroscapus</pageBreakToken>
ronnai
</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Brèthes">Brethes</normalizedToken>
, 1918: 10. Lectotype ♂ (MACN), designated here.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="117" pageNumber="118">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Euplectrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Euplectrus ronnai" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ronnai">Euplectrus ronnai</taxonomicName>
(
<normalizedToken originalValue="Brèthes">Brethes</normalizedToken>
) (
<bibRefCitation author="De Santis, L" journalOrPublisher="Neotropica" pageId="120" pageNumber="121" title="Nueva sinonimia, nueva combinacion y nuevas citas de Himenopteros Calcidoideos para La Republica Argentina (Insecta)." volume="26" year="1980 b">De Santis 1980b</bibRefCitation>
: 154).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="117" pageNumber="118" type="material">
<paragraph pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Material.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="117" pageNumber="118">See below under remarks.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="117" pageNumber="118" type="hosts and biology">
<paragraph pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Hosts and biology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="117" pageNumber="118">
<taxonomicName lsidName="Euplectrus" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" rank="order">Lepidoptera</taxonomicName>
indet. (
<bibRefCitation author="Brethes, J" journalOrPublisher="Anales Sociedad Rural Argentina" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" pagination="7 - 11" title="Sobre algunos Hymenopteres utiles del sud del Brasil." volume="52" year="1918">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Brèthes">Brethes</normalizedToken>
1918
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="117" pageNumber="118" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="117" pageNumber="118">
Brazil (
<bibRefCitation author="Brethes, J" journalOrPublisher="Anales Sociedad Rural Argentina" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" pagination="7 - 11" title="Sobre algunos Hymenopteres utiles del sud del Brasil." volume="52" year="1918">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Brèthes">Brethes</normalizedToken>
1918
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="118" lastPageNumber="119" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="118" lastPageNumber="119" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">
The type material of this species is mainly destroyed, the only parts remaining (Juan
<normalizedToken originalValue="José">Jose</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Martínez">Martinez</normalizedToken>
in MACN, personal communication) are one antenna each of a male and a female on slides (Figs 579, 580). As only an antenna of each sex remain it is difficult to fix the identity of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Euplectrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Euplectrus ronnai" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ronnai">
<pageBreakToken pageId="118" pageNumber="119" start="start">Euplectrus</pageBreakToken>
ronnai
</taxonomicName>
. The strongly enlarged yellow scape in the male is the same as in
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Euplectrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Euplectrus valverdei" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="valverdei">Euplectrus valverdei</taxonomicName>
, but some other characters are different between these species. The males of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Euplectrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Euplectrus ronnai" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ronnai">Euplectrus ronnai</taxonomicName>
have entire antenna yellow (Fig. 580, also according to the original description), and mid tibia with apical part black (according to original description); males of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Euplectrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Euplectrus valverdei" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="valverdei">Euplectrus valverdei</taxonomicName>
have flagellomeres 1-4 yellowish-white and 5-6 pale brown, and mid tibia entirely yellowish-brown. Thus these are very probably different species. The only remaining and distinctive part of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Euplectrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Euplectrus ronnai" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ronnai">Euplectrus ronnai</taxonomicName>
is the male antenna on slide, which also agrees with the original description, and this is hereby designated as lectotype for the species. The female antenna on slide is designated paralectotype of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Euplectrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Euplectrus ronnai" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ronnai">Euplectrus ronnai</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<taxonomicName id="3C5D7C8907C0A52BD41CE62BBC177D09" authority="Hartig, 1840" authorityName="Hartig" authorityYear="1840" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Pristiphora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristiphora melanocarpa" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="melanocarpa">Pristiphora melanocarpa (Hartig, 1840)</taxonomicName>
Figs 191, 264
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3E9E8D72BB3CE42436C03C1CAEC50954" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">
<taxonomicName id="51EF32824793D61AC361016183751B1B" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Nematus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nematus melanocarpus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="melanocarpus">Nematus melanocarpus</taxonomicName>
Hartig, 1840: 27. Lectotype ♀ (GBIF-GISHym3349; designated by
<bibRefCitation id="AB374D40A90EF091199CDC53C8E04C0B" author="Prous, M" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Hymenoptera Research" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" pagination="1 - 54" title="North-Western Palaearctic species of the Pristiphoraruficornis group (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.51.9162" volume="51" year="2016">Prous et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
) in ZSM, examined. Type locality: North Germany (according to introduction).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="16F10505ECBCCA99A1729B5E588D9AE1" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">
<taxonomicName id="D9D05D7C77AC22A514A6501E52A283C8" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Nematus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nematus funerulus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="funerulus">Nematus funerulus</taxonomicName>
Costa, 1859: 20-21. Syntypes ♂♀ possibly in MZUN, not examined. Type locality: vicinity of Naples, Campania, Italy. Synonymised with
<taxonomicName id="4D564BE7753E97FE8443557BA7BC8704" family="Tenthredinidae" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. wustneii" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" rank="species" species="wustneii">P. wustneii</taxonomicName>
[sic!] by
<bibRefCitation id="CCA419BE4D992F60909012E2FA27ABB8" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Ghigi (1905)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="25F6D5680500CABE2305A2697965F0BC" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">
<taxonomicName id="D44B6C974E3C4CF6170A6305B1BF8886" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Nematus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nematus wuestneii" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wuestneii">Nematus wuestneii</taxonomicName>
Stein, 1885 [mandatory correction of incorrect original spelling N.
<normalizedToken id="04C8D61D03FF5F6048F83E5297F83BE3" originalValue="Wüstneii">Wuestneii</normalizedToken>
]: 304. Lectotype ♀ (designated by
<bibRefCitation id="E578B2AF587B4E995A8352CDD4C40C1C" author="Prous, M" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Hymenoptera Research" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" pagination="1 - 54" title="North-Western Palaearctic species of the Pristiphoraruficornis group (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.51.9162" volume="51" year="2016">Prous et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
) in BMNH, examined. Type locality: Chodov [Chodau], Czech Republic.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="12B65A7A3583EDDF5765E2E020E7EDD7" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">
<taxonomicName id="69037B12EE2EF4556A1D719118759B15" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Pristiphora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristiphora ortinga" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ortinga">Pristiphora ortinga</taxonomicName>
Kincaid, 1900: 349-350. Holotype ♀ (USNMENT00778199) in USNM, not examined. Type locality: Kukak Bay, Alaska, USA. Synonymised with
<taxonomicName id="E42790E24EFB9F654CFE2CF981B59159" family="Tenthredinidae" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. melanocarpa" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" rank="species" species="melanocarpa">P. melanocarpa</taxonomicName>
by by
<bibRefCitation id="4C53B54B4CEBA6B2B0575FB7856757BD" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Smith (1979)</bibRefCitation>
.
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<paragraph id="513FA110C4BEF5622C08589956D95103" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Similar species.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2531C37388892D2FC0F413F7819061F3" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">
The most similar species is
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, which has paler antennae compared to
<taxonomicName id="C006244BC9BD7AD5AD05DB026EF11820" lsidName="P. melanocarpa" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" rank="species" species="melanocarpa">P. melanocarpa</taxonomicName>
. Females have the ventral side of antennae uniformly black (Fig. 14) or only slightly paler, while
<taxonomicName id="AE35DFB51CC4AC792FDBC02DD376E82F" lsidName="P. ruficornis" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" rank="species" species="ruficornis">P. ruficornis</taxonomicName>
has a distinctly paler ventral side (Fig. 15). Males of
<taxonomicName id="20D8E74E113C0E1D9CFCE5C2BB0B30BE" lsidName="P. melanocarpa" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" rank="species" species="melanocarpa">P. melanocarpa</taxonomicName>
also tend to have darker antennae than in
<taxonomicName id="2F54E0FA3645E6F2F327CD88B1BF0AF6" lsidName="P. ruficornis" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" rank="species" species="ruficornis">P. ruficornis</taxonomicName>
, but penis valves should be studied in specimens that have conspicuously pale antennae. The valvispina of the penis valve bends distinctly more sharply (being almost L-shaped) and is usually narrower (Fig. 264) than in
<taxonomicName id="61BD24F3B515B1DE7581C9CB6DCDC0E2" lsidName="P. ruficornis" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" rank="species" species="ruficornis">P. ruficornis</taxonomicName>
(Fig. 266).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="1FC37BB3C4029887697013A9D9ED102C" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" type="genetic data">
<paragraph id="4E4B0577DF118CAFBCB3642538A76FA2" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Genetic data.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C88F582498C7391CFC201EE2CFFCF835" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">
Based on COI barcode sequences, specimens are divided between three BIN clusters (BOLD:AAG3540, BOLD:ACZ4465, BOLD:ACZ4466), two of them (BOLD:ACZ4465 and BOLD:ACZ4466) including also
<taxonomicName id="8E47A5324E6C87E0F38B0F208D0532DB" lsidName="P. ruficornis" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" rank="species" species="ruficornis">P. ruficornis</taxonomicName>
(Fig. 1 in
<bibRefCitation id="6E88F45F948ED93406B867E1D23C091A" author="Prous, M" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Hymenoptera Research" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" pagination="1 - 54" title="North-Western Palaearctic species of the Pristiphoraruficornis group (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.51.9162" volume="51" year="2016">Prous et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
). These BIN clusters form a monophyletic group (Fig. 4) and minimum distances between them are only 1.13-1.50%. Based on nuclear data, maximum within species divergence is 0.9% (based on seven specimens and NaK, TPI, or both genes) and the nearest neighbour is 0.0% different (
<taxonomicName id="6DB061AF818854AE1890035CF7FD1CEA" lsidName="P. ruficornis" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" rank="species" species="ruficornis">P. ruficornis</taxonomicName>
, only TPI including introns).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<paragraph id="6A95D3356A5D129635F083641D90E449" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Host plants.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B5EBF928DB4242B88D0B78C440368969" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">
<taxonomicName id="1E2E27081DEC30A62B3EC8199ACF63D1" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Betulaceae" genus="Betula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Betula pendula" order="Fagales" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pendula">Betula pendula</taxonomicName>
Roth (
<bibRefCitation id="8D6A723445FE1DBBF5516FA1877C2976" author="Kangas, JK" journalOrPublisher="Paelkaene- Seuran julkaisuja" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" pagination="1 - 113" title="Paelkaeneen Sahapistiaeisfauna 1953 - 1983." volume="5" year="1985">Kangas 1985</bibRefCitation>
),
<taxonomicName id="55794B832C06872A761D4E0A8E0740EF" lsidName="B. pubescens" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" rank="species" species="pubescens">B. pubescens</taxonomicName>
Ehrh.,
<taxonomicName id="BD570F32271CA92FD059BED2AE203EC3" lsidName="B. nana" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" rank="species" species="nana">B. nana</taxonomicName>
L. (
<bibRefCitation id="C8BEBB3547347738BBEAD0E85E22B711" author="Prous, M" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Hymenoptera Research" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" pagination="1 - 54" title="North-Western Palaearctic species of the Pristiphoraruficornis group (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.51.9162" volume="51" year="2016">Prous et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
). The records from
<taxonomicName id="790CCA9C259D60EE08AD543829B69426" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polycitoridae" genus="Salix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Salix" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Salix</taxonomicName>
are doubtful (
<bibRefCitation id="83068AE9EBCA2A8A55220D613B4689A4" author="Prous, M" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Hymenoptera Research" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" pagination="1 - 54" title="North-Western Palaearctic species of the Pristiphoraruficornis group (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.51.9162" volume="51" year="2016">Prous et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C093FF9B5A65AAF133A91CE5671A8FA" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="C4577F7967BCF7C15F102D47894C42E9" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Distribution and material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="76AACCB951FD9B01A773C4DA70C7EC49" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Holarctic. Specimens studied are from Canada, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Norway, Russia (Primorsky Krai), and Sweden.</paragraph>
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Genus
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Defrance, 1825.
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