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<mods:title id="F371C66EBEE04A8B3CC5B2D8F8844C49">Three new species of the flower bug genus Orius (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Anthocoridae) from Nepal</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="98A234618E8F97B485825D58F5093A3C">Yasunaga, Tomohide</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="935BFD40EFEBC65EE8101445D81DF26C">Yamada, Kazutaka</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="958D732091FF7A72C6C843BEA666A18C">Tokushima Prefectural Museum, Bunka-no-Mori Park, Mukôterayama, Hachiman-chô, Tokushima 770 - 8070, Japan;</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="768A95B5389D0519DF3CBBE21F08C481">Duwal, Ram Keshari</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="62408850B36D45E9D7B7C0617CC68446">Visiting Researcher, Agriculture &amp; Agri-Food Canada Environmental Health, K. W. Neatby: Bldg # 20, Central Experimental Farm, Ottawa Ontario, Canada K</mods:affiliation>
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<treatment id="3B55375F9409FFECFCD0FAF93F2C3038" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5062816" ID-GBIF-Taxon="183238448" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5062816" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3B55375F9409FFECFCD0FAF93F2C3038" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3B55375F9409FFECFCD0FAF93F2C3038" lastPageNumber="392" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">
<subSubSection id="FBE6D5C29409FFECFCD0FAF93E043D40" box="[828,1072,1377,1401]" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="B34386499409FFECFCD0FAF93E043D40" blockId="1.[828,1072,1377,1401]" box="[828,1072,1377,1401]" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">
<heading id="E80B31259409FFECFCD0FAF93E043D40" box="[828,1072,1377,1401]" fontSize="36" level="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" reason="4">
<emphasis id="81885A5B9409FFECFCD0FAF93E043D40" bold="true" box="[828,1072,1377,1401]" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">
Subgenus
<taxonomicName id="74FCFDCA9409FFECFC5CFAF939DA3D41" ID-CoL="63HHZ" ID-ENA="82741" authorityName=": PERICART" authorityYear="1972" box="[944,1006,1377,1401]" class="Insecta" family="Anthocoridae" genus="Orius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" sensu="stricto">
<emphasis id="81885A5B9409FFECFC5CFAF939DA3D41" bold="true" box="[944,1006,1377,1401]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">Orius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="9ABBE7209409FFECFC19FAF93E043D40" box="[1013,1072,1377,1400]" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" sensu="stricto">s. str.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="FBE6D5C29409FFECFCB6FA113F2C3038" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="B34386499409FFECFCB6FA113EFF3DF8" blockId="1.[858,1437,1417,2048]" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">
<taxonomicName id="74FCFDCA9409FFECFCB6FA113E803D98" authority="Ghauri, 1972" authorityName="Ghauri" authorityYear="1972" box="[858,1204,1417,1440]" class="Insecta" family="Anthocoridae" genus="Orius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bifilarus" subGenus="Orius">
<emphasis id="81885A5B9409FFECFCB6FA1139A33D98" box="[858,919,1417,1440]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">Orius</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="81885A5B9409FFECFC48FA11398A3D98" box="[932,958,1417,1440]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">O.</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="81885A5B9409FFECFC20FA113E113D98" box="[972,1061,1417,1440]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">bifilarus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="D76DFBB89409FFECFBC6FA113E803D98" author="GHAURI M. S. K." box="[1066,1204,1417,1440]" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" pagination="409 - 421" refId="ref6344" refString="GHAURI M. S. K. 1972: The identity of Orius tantillus (Motschusky) and notes on other Oriental Anthocoridae (Hemiptera, Heteroptera). Journal of Natural History 6: 409 - 421." type="journal article" year="1972">Ghauri, 1972</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
–
<collectingCountry id="CBEBC6D99409FFECFB20FA113F3A3D98" box="[1228,1294,1417,1440]" name="Nepal" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">Nepal</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="CBEBC6D99409FFECFAFBFA113F643D98" box="[1303,1360,1417,1440]" name="India" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">India</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="CBEBC6D99409FFECFAB6FA1139AF3DF8" name="Pakistan" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="CBEBC6D99409FFECFC4AFA3139D23DF8" box="[934,998,1449,1472]" name="China" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">China</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="D76DFBB89409FFECFC19FA313E8B3DF8" author="BALLAL C. R. &amp; AKBAR S. A. &amp; YAMADA K. &amp; WACHKOO A. A. &amp; VARSHNEY R." box="[1013,1215,1449,1472]" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" pagination="207 - 226" refId="ref6068" refString="BALLAL C. R., AKBAR S. A., YAMADA K., WACHKOO A. A. &amp; VARSHNEY R. 2018: Annotated catalogue of the flower bugs from India (Heteroptera: Anthocoridae, Lasiochilidae). Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 58: 207 - 226." type="journal article" year="2018">BALLAL et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B34386499409FFECFCB6FA513F783DD8" blockId="1.[858,1437,1417,2048]" box="[858,1356,1481,1504]" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">
<taxonomicName id="74FCFDCA9409FFECFCB6FA513E303DD8" authority="Yasunaga &amp; Yamada &amp; Duwal, 2019" authorityName="Yasunaga &amp; Yamada &amp; Duwal" authorityYear="2019" box="[858,1028,1481,1504]" class="Insecta" family="Anthocoridae" genus="Orius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ekaii" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Orius">
<emphasis id="81885A5B9409FFECFCB6FA5139A33DD8" box="[858,919,1481,1504]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">Orius</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="81885A5B9409FFECFC4AFA5139F43DD8" box="[934,960,1481,1504]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">O.</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="81885A5B9409FFECFC3CFA513E303DD8" box="[976,1028,1481,1504]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">ekaii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="9ABBE7209409FFECFBE6FA513E693DD8" box="[1034,1117,1481,1504]" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
—
<collectingCountry id="CBEBC6D99409FFECFB68FA513EF03DD8" box="[1156,1220,1481,1504]" name="Nepal" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">Nepal</collectingCountry>
(this paper).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B34386499409FFECFCB6FA713EFE3E78" blockId="1.[858,1437,1417,2048]" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">
<taxonomicName id="74FCFDCA9409FFECFCB6FA713ED43E38" authority="(Fieber, 1860)" baseAuthorityName="Fieber" baseAuthorityYear="1860" box="[858,1248,1513,1536]" class="Insecta" family="Anthocoridae" genus="Orius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laevigatus" subGenus="Orius">
<emphasis id="81885A5B9409FFECFCB6FA7139A33E38" box="[858,919,1513,1536]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">Orius</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="81885A5B9409FFECFC4BFA7139F53E38" box="[935,961,1513,1536]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">O.</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="81885A5B9409FFECFC3EFA713E743E38" box="[978,1088,1513,1536]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">laevigatus</emphasis>
(Fieber, 1860)
</taxonomicName>
– Western Palaearctic Region, including
<collectingCountry id="CBEBC6D99409FFECFB6AF9913F3C3E18" box="[1158,1288,1545,1568]" name="Afghanistan" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">Afghanistan</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="CBEBC6D99409FFECFAAEF9913FA83E18" box="[1346,1436,1545,1568]" name="Pakistan" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="D76DFBB89409FFECFC6CF9B13E293E78" author="PERICART J." box="[896,1053,1577,1600]" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" pagination="108 - 140" refId="ref6806" refString="PERICART J. 1996: Family Anthocoridae Fieber, 1836 - Flower bugs, minute pirate bugs. Pp. 108 - 140. In: AUKEMA B. &amp; RIEGER CH. (eds.): Catalogue of the Heteroptera of the Palaearctic Region. Vol. 2. Cimicomorpha I. The Netherlands Entomological Society, Amsterdam, xiv + 361 pp." type="book chapter" year="1996">PÉRICART 1996</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="D76DFBB89409FFECFBCAF9B13E8B3E78" author="AUKEMA B." box="[1062,1215,1577,1600]" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" refId="ref5989" refString="AUKEMA B. (ed.) 2018: Catalogue of the Palaearctic Heteroptera (searchable database). https: // catpalhet. linnaeus. naturalis. nl / (Last accessed: 30 May 2019)." type="url" year="2018">AUKEMA 2018</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B34386499409FFECFCB6F9D13EA43E98" blockId="1.[858,1437,1417,2048]" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">
<taxonomicName id="74FCFDCA9409FFECFCB6F9D13EE03E58" authority="Wagner, 1952" authorityName="Wagner" authorityYear="1952" box="[858,1236,1609,1632]" class="Insecta" family="Anthocoridae" genus="Orius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lindbergi" subGenus="Orius">
<emphasis id="81885A5B9409FFECFCB6F9D139A33E58" box="[858,919,1609,1632]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">Orius</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="81885A5B9409FFECFC45F9D139F73E58" box="[937,963,1609,1632]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">O.</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="81885A5B9409FFECFC38F9D13E013E58" box="[980,1077,1609,1632]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">lindbergi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="D76DFBB89409FFECFBD2F9D13EE03E58" author="WAGNER E." box="[1086,1236,1609,1632]" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" pagination="22 - 59" refId="ref6968" refString="WAGNER E. 1952: Die europaischen Arten der Gattung Orius Wff. (Hem. Het. Anthocoridae). Notulae Entomologicae 32: 22 - 59." type="journal article" year="1952">Wagner, 1952</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
– Canary Islands,
<collectingCountry id="CBEBC6D99409FFECFC94F9F139853EB8" box="[888,945,1641,1664]" name="India" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">India</collectingCountry>
, Mediterranean Africa, and Europe (
<bibRefCitation id="D76DFBB89409FFECFAD2F9F139843E98" author="PERICART J." pageId="1" pageNumber="392" pagination="108 - 140" refId="ref6806" refString="PERICART J. 1996: Family Anthocoridae Fieber, 1836 - Flower bugs, minute pirate bugs. Pp. 108 - 140. In: AUKEMA B. &amp; RIEGER CH. (eds.): Catalogue of the Heteroptera of the Palaearctic Region. Vol. 2. Cimicomorpha I. The Netherlands Entomological Society, Amsterdam, xiv + 361 pp." type="book chapter" year="1996">PÉRICART 1996</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="D76DFBB89409FFECFC57F9113EB13E98" author="BALLAL C. R. &amp; AKBAR S. A. &amp; YAMADA K. &amp; WACHKOO A. A. &amp; VARSHNEY R." box="[955,1157,1673,1696]" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" pagination="207 - 226" refId="ref6068" refString="BALLAL C. R., AKBAR S. A., YAMADA K., WACHKOO A. A. &amp; VARSHNEY R. 2018: Annotated catalogue of the flower bugs from India (Heteroptera: Anthocoridae, Lasiochilidae). Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 58: 207 - 226." type="journal article" year="2018">BALLAL et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B34386499409FFECFCB6F931398A3ED8" blockId="1.[858,1437,1417,2048]" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">
<taxonomicName id="74FCFDCA9409FFECFCB6F9313EFF3EF8" authority="Ghauri, 1972" authorityName="Ghauri" authorityYear="1972" box="[858,1227,1705,1728]" class="Insecta" family="Anthocoridae" genus="Orius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="luridoides" subGenus="Orius">
<emphasis id="81885A5B9409FFECFCB6F93139A33EF8" box="[858,919,1705,1728]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">Orius</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="81885A5B9409FFECFC49F931398B3EF8" box="[933,959,1705,1728]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">O.</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="81885A5B9409FFECFC22F9313E0E3EF8" box="[974,1082,1705,1728]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">luridoides</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="D76DFBB89409FFECFBACF9313EFF3EF8" author="GHAURI M. S. K." box="[1088,1227,1705,1728]" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" pagination="409 - 421" refId="ref6344" refString="GHAURI M. S. K. 1972: The identity of Orius tantillus (Motschusky) and notes on other Oriental Anthocoridae (Hemiptera, Heteroptera). Journal of Natural History 6: 409 - 421." type="journal article" year="1972">Ghauri, 1972</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
–
<collectingCountry id="CBEBC6D99409FFECFB09F9313F0B3EF8" box="[1253,1343,1705,1728]" name="Pakistan" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="D76DFBB89409FFECFAA1F93139863ED8" author="GHAURI M. S. K." pageId="1" pageNumber="392" pagination="409 - 421" refId="ref6344" refString="GHAURI M. S. K. 1972: The identity of Orius tantillus (Motschusky) and notes on other Oriental Anthocoridae (Hemiptera, Heteroptera). Journal of Natural History 6: 409 - 421." type="journal article" year="1972">GHAURI 1972</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B34386499409FFECFCB6F9713F193F58" blockId="1.[858,1437,1417,2048]" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">
<taxonomicName id="74FCFDCA9409FFECFCB6F9713EB13F38" authority="Wolff, 1811" authorityName="Wolff" authorityYear="1811" box="[858,1157,1769,1792]" class="Insecta" family="Anthocoridae" genus="Orius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niger" subGenus="Orius">
<emphasis id="81885A5B9409FFECFCB6F97139A33F38" box="[858,919,1769,1792]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">Orius</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="81885A5B9409FFECFC48F971398A3F38" box="[932,958,1769,1792]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">O.</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="81885A5B9409FFECFC20F9713E303F38" box="[972,1028,1769,1792]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">niger</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="D76DFBB89409FFECFBE5F9713EB13F38" author="WOLFF J. F." box="[1033,1157,1769,1792]" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" pagination="17 - 20" refId="ref6997" refString="WOLFF J. F. 1811: Icones cimicum descriptionibus illustratae Vol. 5. J. J. Palm, Erlangen, pp. 167 - 208, 17 - 20 pls." type="book chapter" year="1811">Wolff, 1811</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="74FCFDCA9409FFECFB7FF971399A3F18" authority="Wagner, 1952" authorityName="Wagner" authorityYear="1952" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" rank="subSpecies" subSpecies="aegyptiacus">
ssp.
<emphasis id="81885A5B9409FFECFB2DF9713F743F38" box="[1217,1344,1769,1792]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">aegyptiacus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="D76DFBB89409FFECFAA8F971399A3F18" author="WAGNER E." pageId="1" pageNumber="392" pagination="22 - 59" refId="ref6968" refString="WAGNER E. 1952: Die europaischen Arten der Gattung Orius Wff. (Hem. Het. Anthocoridae). Notulae Entomologicae 32: 22 - 59." type="journal article" year="1952">Wagner, 1952</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
) –
<collectingCountry id="CBEBC6D99409FFECFC27F8913E383F18" box="[971,1036,1801,1824]" name="Nepal" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">Nepal</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="CBEBC6D99409FFECFBF9F8913E793F18" box="[1045,1101,1801,1824]" name="India" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">India</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="CBEBC6D99409FFECFBB9F8913ED43F18" box="[1109,1248,1801,1824]" name="Iran Pakistan" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">Iran Pakistan</collectingCountry>
; widespread in the Palaearctic Region and North Africa (
<bibRefCitation id="D76DFBB89409FFECFB12F8B13FAC3F78" author="PERICART J." box="[1278,1432,1833,1856]" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" pagination="108 - 140" refId="ref6806" refString="PERICART J. 1996: Family Anthocoridae Fieber, 1836 - Flower bugs, minute pirate bugs. Pp. 108 - 140. In: AUKEMA B. &amp; RIEGER CH. (eds.): Catalogue of the Heteroptera of the Palaearctic Region. Vol. 2. Cimicomorpha I. The Netherlands Entomological Society, Amsterdam, xiv + 361 pp." type="book chapter" year="1996">PÉRICART 1996</bibRefCitation>
, GHAHARI et al. 2009,
<bibRefCitation id="D76DFBB89409FFECFBB4F8D13F163F58" author="BALLAL C. R. &amp; AKBAR S. A. &amp; YAMADA K. &amp; WACHKOO A. A. &amp; VARSHNEY R." box="[1112,1314,1865,1888]" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" pagination="207 - 226" refId="ref6068" refString="BALLAL C. R., AKBAR S. A., YAMADA K., WACHKOO A. A. &amp; VARSHNEY R. 2018: Annotated catalogue of the flower bugs from India (Heteroptera: Anthocoridae, Lasiochilidae). Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 58: 207 - 226." type="journal article" year="2018">BALLAL et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B34386499409FFECFCB6F8F13FA13FB8" blockId="1.[858,1437,1417,2048]" box="[858,1429,1897,1920]" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">
<taxonomicName id="74FCFDCA9409FFECFCB6F8F13E6E3FB8" authority="Yasunaga &amp; Yamada &amp; Duwal, 2019" authorityName="Yasunaga &amp; Yamada &amp; Duwal" authorityYear="2019" box="[858,1114,1897,1920]" class="Insecta" family="Anthocoridae" genus="Orius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigromaritus" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Orius">
<emphasis id="81885A5B9409FFECFCB6F8F139A33FB8" box="[858,919,1897,1920]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">Orius</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="81885A5B9409FFECFC4AF8F139F43FB8" box="[934,960,1897,1920]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">O.</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="81885A5B9409FFECFC3CF8F13E6E3FB8" box="[976,1114,1897,1920]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">nigromaritus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="9ABBE7209409FFECFB8DF8F13E873FB8" box="[1121,1203,1897,1920]" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
–
<collectingCountry id="CBEBC6D99409FFECFB21F8F13F393FB8" box="[1229,1293,1897,1920]" name="Nepal" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">Nepal</collectingCountry>
(this paper).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B34386499409FFECFCB6F8113F2C3FF8" blockId="1.[858,1437,1417,2048]" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">
<taxonomicName id="74FCFDCA9409FFECFCB6F81139D53FF8" authority="Muraleedharan &amp; Ananthakrishnan, 1974" authorityName="Muraleedharan &amp; Ananthakrishnan" authorityYear="1974" class="Insecta" family="Anthocoridae" genus="Orius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shyamavarna" subGenus="Orius">
<emphasis id="81885A5B9409FFECFCB6F81139A13F98" box="[858,917,1929,1952]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">Orius</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="81885A5B9409FFECFC4CF811398E3F98" box="[928,954,1929,1952]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">O.</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="81885A5B9409FFECFC2AF8113E653F98" box="[966,1105,1929,1952]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">shyamavarna</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="D76DFBB89409FFECFBB8F81139D53FF8" author="MURALEEDHARAN N. &amp; ANANTHAKRISHNAN T. N." pageId="1" pageNumber="392" pagination="37 - 41" refId="ref6640" refString="MURALEEDHARAN N. &amp; ANANTHAKRISHNAN T. N. 1974: New and little-known species of Orius Wolff from India (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae). Oriental Insects 8: 37 - 41." type="journal article" year="1974">Muraleedharan &amp;Ananthakrishnan, 1974</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
–
<collectingCountry id="CBEBC6D99409FFECFC10F8313E073FF8" box="[1020,1075,1961,1984]" name="India" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">India</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="D76DFBB89409FFECFBAEF8313F383FF8" author="BALLAL C. R. &amp; AKBAR S. A. &amp; YAMADA K. &amp; WACHKOO A. A. &amp; VARSHNEY R." box="[1090,1292,1961,1984]" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" pagination="207 - 226" refId="ref6068" refString="BALLAL C. R., AKBAR S. A., YAMADA K., WACHKOO A. A. &amp; VARSHNEY R. 2018: Annotated catalogue of the flower bugs from India (Heteroptera: Anthocoridae, Lasiochilidae). Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 58: 207 - 226." type="journal article" year="2018">BALLAL et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B34386499409FFECFCB6F8513F2C3038" blockId="1.[858,1437,1417,2048]" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">
<taxonomicName id="74FCFDCA9409FFECFCB6F85139D53038" authority="Muraleedharan &amp; Ananthakrishnan, 1974" authorityName="Muraleedharan &amp; Ananthakrishnan" authorityYear="1974" class="Insecta" family="Anthocoridae" genus="Orius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trivandrensis" subGenus="Orius">
<emphasis id="81885A5B9409FFECFCB6F85139A13FD8" box="[858,917,1993,2016]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">Orius</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="81885A5B9409FFECFC4DF851398F3FD8" box="[929,955,1993,2016]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">O.</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="81885A5B9409FFECFC2BF8513E7A3FD8" box="[967,1102,1993,2016]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">trivandrensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="D76DFBB89409FFECFBBDF85139D53038" author="MURALEEDHARAN N. &amp; ANANTHAKRISHNAN T. N." pageId="1" pageNumber="392" pagination="37 - 41" refId="ref6640" refString="MURALEEDHARAN N. &amp; ANANTHAKRISHNAN T. N. 1974: New and little-known species of Orius Wolff from India (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae). Oriental Insects 8: 37 - 41." type="journal article" year="1974">Muraleedharan &amp;Ananthakrishnan, 1974</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
–
<collectingCountry id="CBEBC6D99409FFECFC10F8713E073038" box="[1020,1075,2025,2048]" name="India" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">India</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="D76DFBB89409FFECFBAEF8713F383038" author="BALLAL C. R. &amp; AKBAR S. A. &amp; YAMADA K. &amp; WACHKOO A. A. &amp; VARSHNEY R." box="[1090,1292,2025,2048]" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" pagination="207 - 226" refId="ref6068" refString="BALLAL C. R., AKBAR S. A., YAMADA K., WACHKOO A. A. &amp; VARSHNEY R. 2018: Annotated catalogue of the flower bugs from India (Heteroptera: Anthocoridae, Lasiochilidae). Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 58: 207 - 226." type="journal article" year="2018">BALLAL et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

129
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<subSubSection id="FBE6D5C29409FFECFCD0FBD33EF33C5A" box="[828,1223,1098,1122]" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" type="nomenclature">
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<heading id="E80B31259409FFECFCD0FBD33EF33C5A" box="[828,1223,1098,1122]" fontSize="36" level="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" reason="4">
<emphasis id="81885A5B9409FFECFCD0FBD33EF33C5A" bold="true" box="[828,1223,1098,1122]" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">
Subgenus
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<emphasis id="81885A5B9409FFECFC5CFBD23E133C5A" bold="true" box="[944,1063,1098,1122]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">Heterorius</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="D76DFBB89409FFECFBC1FBD33EF33C5A" author="WAGNER E." box="[1069,1223,1099,1122]" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" pagination="22 - 59" refId="ref6968" refString="WAGNER E. 1952: Die europaischen Arten der Gattung Orius Wff. (Hem. Het. Anthocoridae). Notulae Entomologicae 32: 22 - 59." type="journal article" year="1952">Wagner, 1952</bibRefCitation>
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<paragraph id="B34386499409FFECFCB6FBEA3E503C91" blockId="1.[858,1437,1138,1353]" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">
<taxonomicName id="74FCFDCA9409FFECFCB6FBEA3ED33CB1" authority="Ghauri, 1972" authorityName="Ghauri" authorityYear="1972" box="[858,1255,1138,1161]" class="Insecta" family="Anthocoridae" genus="Orius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bulgaconus" subGenus="H.">
<emphasis id="81885A5B9409FFECFCB6FBEA39A33CB1" box="[858,919,1138,1161]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">Orius</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="81885A5B9409FFECFC45FBEA39F73CB1" box="[937,963,1138,1161]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">H.</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="81885A5B9409FFECFC38FBEA3E7B3CB1" box="[980,1103,1138,1161]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">bulgaconus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="D76DFBB89409FFECFBB5FBEA3ED33CB1" author="GHAURI M. S. K." box="[1113,1255,1138,1161]" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" pagination="409 - 421" refId="ref6344" refString="GHAURI M. S. K. 1972: The identity of Orius tantillus (Motschusky) and notes on other Oriental Anthocoridae (Hemiptera, Heteroptera). Journal of Natural History 6: 409 - 421." type="journal article" year="1972">Ghauri, 1972</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
–
<collectingCountry id="CBEBC6D99409FFECFAEBFBEA3F013CB1" box="[1287,1333,1138,1161]" name="Iran" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">Iran</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="CBEBC6D99409FFECFAAEFBEA3FA83CB1" box="[1346,1436,1138,1161]" name="Pakistan" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
(GHAHARI et al. 2009).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B34386499409FFECFCB6FB2A3E3C3CD1" blockId="1.[858,1437,1138,1353]" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">
<taxonomicName id="74FCFDCA9409FFECFCB6FB2A3EF53CF1" authority="Zheng, 1982" authorityName="Zheng" authorityYear="1982" box="[858,1217,1202,1225]" class="Insecta" family="Anthocoridae" genus="Orius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gladiatus" subGenus="H.">
<emphasis id="81885A5B9409FFECFCB6FB2A39A33CF1" box="[858,919,1202,1225]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">Orius</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="81885A5B9409FFECFC4AFB2A39F53CF1" box="[934,961,1202,1225]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">H.</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="81885A5B9409FFECFC3CFB2A3E073CF1" box="[976,1075,1202,1225]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">gladiatus</emphasis>
Zheng, 1982
</taxonomicName>
–
<collectingCountry id="CBEBC6D99409FFECFB30FB2A3F2A3CF1" box="[1244,1310,1202,1225]" name="Nepal" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">Nepal</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="CBEBC6D99409FFECFAC6FB2A3F5E3CF1" box="[1322,1386,1202,1225]" name="China" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">China</collectingCountry>
(PÉRICART 1996).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B34386499409FFECFCB6FB6A3F443D71" blockId="1.[858,1437,1138,1353]" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">
<taxonomicName id="74FCFDCA9409FFECFCB6FB6A3EE83D31" authority="(Linnaeus, 1758)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[858,1244,1266,1289]" class="Insecta" family="Anthocoridae" genus="Orius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minutus" subGenus="H.">
<emphasis id="81885A5B9409FFECFCB6FB6A39A33D31" box="[858,919,1266,1289]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">Orius</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="81885A5B9409FFECFC49FB6A39F43D31" box="[933,960,1266,1289]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">H.</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="81885A5B9409FFECFC21FB6A3E153D31" box="[973,1057,1266,1289]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">minutus</emphasis>
(Linnaeus, 1758)
</taxonomicName>
–
<collectingCountry id="CBEBC6D99409FFECFB18FB6A3F193D31" box="[1268,1325,1266,1289]" name="India" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">India</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="CBEBC6D99409FFECFADAFB6A3FAC3D31" box="[1334,1432,1266,1289]" name="Thailand" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">Thailand</collectingCountry>
; widely distributed in the Palaearctic Region including North Africa (
<bibRefCitation id="D76DFBB89409FFECFBE2FAAA3E9F3D71" author="PERICART J." box="[1038,1195,1330,1353]" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" pagination="108 - 140" refId="ref6806" refString="PERICART J. 1996: Family Anthocoridae Fieber, 1836 - Flower bugs, minute pirate bugs. Pp. 108 - 140. In: AUKEMA B. &amp; RIEGER CH. (eds.): Catalogue of the Heteroptera of the Palaearctic Region. Vol. 2. Cimicomorpha I. The Netherlands Entomological Society, Amsterdam, xiv + 361 pp." type="book chapter" year="1996">PÉRICART 1996</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="D76DFBB89409FFECFB59FAAA3F503D71" author="YASUNAGA T." box="[1205,1380,1330,1353]" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" pagination="278 - 303" refId="ref7179" refString="YASUNAGA T. 2001: Family Anthocoridae Fieber, 1836 flower bugs, minute pirate bugs. Pp. 278 - 303, pls. 85 - 89. In: YASUNAGA T., TAKAI M. &amp; KAWASAWA T. (eds.): A field guide to Japanese Bugs II - Terrestrial Heteropterans. Zenkoku Noson Kyoiku Kyokai, Tokyo, 350 pp. (in Japanese)." type="book chapter" year="2001">YASUNAGA 2001</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

189
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<treatment id="3B55375F9409FFECFCD0FE2C3FBF3C0B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5062812" ID-GBIF-Taxon="183238444" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5062812" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3B55375F9409FFECFCD0FE2C3FBF3C0B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3B55375F9409FFECFCD0FE2C3FBF3C0B" lastPageNumber="392" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">
<subSubSection id="FBE6D5C29409FFECFCD0FE2C3EE439F3" box="[828,1232,435,459]" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="B34386499409FFECFCD0FE2C3EE439F3" blockId="1.[828,1232,435,459]" box="[828,1232,435,459]" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">
<heading id="E80B31259409FFECFCD0FE2C3EE439F3" box="[828,1232,435,459]" fontSize="36" level="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" reason="4">
<emphasis id="81885A5B9409FFECFCD0FE2C3EE439F3" bold="true" box="[828,1232,435,459]" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">
Subgenus
<taxonomicName id="74FCFDCA9409FFECFC5CFE2B3EE439F3" authority="Reuter, 1884" authorityName="Reuter" authorityYear="1884" box="[944,1232,435,459]" class="Insecta" family="Ptiliidae" genus="Dimorphella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="81885A5B9409FFECFC5CFE2B3E0F39F3" bold="true" box="[944,1083,435,459]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">Dimorphella</emphasis>
Reuter, 1884
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="FBE6D5C29409FFECFCB6FE443FBF3C0B" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="B34386499409FFECFCB6FE443F033A2B" blockId="1.[858,1437,476,1075]" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">
<taxonomicName id="74FCFDCA9409FFECFCB6FE443F7539CB" authority="Muraleedharan, 1977" authorityName="Muraleedharan" authorityYear="1977" box="[858,1345,476,499]" class="Insecta" family="Anthocoridae" genus="Orius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dravidiensis" subGenus="D.">
<emphasis id="81885A5B9409FFECFCB6FE4439A339CB" box="[858,919,476,499]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">Orius</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="81885A5B9409FFECFC4BFE4439F639CB" box="[935,962,476,499]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">D.</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="81885A5B9409FFECFC3EFE443E6039CB" box="[978,1108,476,499]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">dravidiensis</emphasis>
Muraleedharan, 1977
</taxonomicName>
–
<collectingCountry id="CBEBC6D99409FFECFAB3FE443FAC39CB" box="[1375,1432,476,499]" name="India" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">India</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="CBEBC6D99409FFECFC94FE6439DC3A2B" box="[888,1000,508,531]" name="Cambodia" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">Cambodia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="CBEBC6D99409FFECFC1FFE643E663A2B" box="[1011,1106,508,531]" name="Thailand" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">Thailand</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="D76DFBB89409FFECFB8CFE643F1F3A2B" author="BALLAL C. R. &amp; AKBAR S. A. &amp; YAMADA K. &amp; WACHKOO A. A. &amp; VARSHNEY R." box="[1120,1323,508,531]" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" pagination="207 - 226" refId="ref6068" refString="BALLAL C. R., AKBAR S. A., YAMADA K., WACHKOO A. A. &amp; VARSHNEY R. 2018: Annotated catalogue of the flower bugs from India (Heteroptera: Anthocoridae, Lasiochilidae). Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 58: 207 - 226." type="journal article" year="2018">BALLAL et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B34386499409FFECFCB6FD843EF43B0B" blockId="1.[858,1437,476,1075]" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">
<taxonomicName id="74FCFDCA9409FFECFCB6FD843EFD3A0B" authority="(Reuter, 1884)" baseAuthorityName="Reuter" baseAuthorityYear="1884" box="[858,1225,540,563]" class="Insecta" family="Anthocoridae" genus="Orius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="indicus" subGenus="D.">
<emphasis id="81885A5B9409FFECFCB6FD8439A33A0B" box="[858,919,540,563]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">Orius</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="81885A5B9409FFECFC45FD8439F73A0B" box="[937,963,540,563]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">D.</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="81885A5B9409FFECFC39FD843E163A0B" box="[981,1058,540,563]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">indicus</emphasis>
(Reuter, 1884)
</taxonomicName>
–
<collectingCountry id="CBEBC6D99409FFECFB04FD843F2B3A0B" box="[1256,1311,540,563]" name="India" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">India</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="D76DFBB89409FFECFADCFD8439E23A6B" author="BALLAL C. R. &amp; AKBAR S. A. &amp; YAMADA K. &amp; WACHKOO A. A. &amp; VARSHNEY R." pageId="1" pageNumber="392" pagination="207 - 226" refId="ref6068" refString="BALLAL C. R., AKBAR S. A., YAMADA K., WACHKOO A. A. &amp; VARSHNEY R. 2018: Annotated catalogue of the flower bugs from India (Heteroptera: Anthocoridae, Lasiochilidae). Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 58: 207 - 226." type="journal article" year="2018">BALLAL et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
). Based on our examination of the
<typeStatus id="6C4738EB9409FFECFAB3FDA439923A4B" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
deposited in Zoological Museum, University of Helsinki,
<collectingCountry id="CBEBC6D99409FFECFBEFFDE43E603AAB" box="[1027,1108,636,659]" name="Finland" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">Finland</collectingCountry>
(by the first author in
<date id="C742A0899409FFECFABBFDE439853A8B" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" value="1998-03">March 1998</date>
), this species should be placed in the subgenus
<taxonomicName id="74FCFDCA9409FFECFC94FD243E343AEB" authorityName="Reuter" authorityYear="1884" box="[888,1024,700,723]" class="Insecta" family="Ptiliidae" genus="Dimorphella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="81885A5B9409FFECFC94FD243E343AEB" box="[888,1024,700,723]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">Dimorphella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and is very similar in external appearance to
<taxonomicName id="74FCFDCA9409FFECFC39FD443E5B3ACB" authorityName="Ghauri" authorityYear="1972" box="[981,1135,732,755]" class="Insecta" family="Anthocoridae" genus="Orius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maxidentex">
<emphasis id="81885A5B9409FFECFC39FD443E5B3ACB" box="[981,1135,732,755]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">O. maxidentex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or
<taxonomicName id="74FCFDCA9409FFECFB78FD443F383ACB" baseAuthorityName="Motschulsky" baseAuthorityYear="1863" box="[1172,1292,732,755]" class="Insecta" family="Anthocoridae" genus="Orius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tantillus">
<emphasis id="81885A5B9409FFECFB78FD443F383ACB" box="[1172,1292,732,755]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">O. tantillus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; either of the two taxa may be synonymous with
<taxonomicName id="74FCFDCA9409FFECFAEDFD643F453B2B" baseAuthorityName="Reuter" baseAuthorityYear="1884" box="[1281,1393,764,787]" class="Insecta" family="Anthocoridae" genus="Orius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="indicus">
<emphasis id="81885A5B9409FFECFAEDFD643F453B2B" box="[1281,1393,764,787]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">O. indicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but further verification is required.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B34386499409FFECFCB6FCA439EA3B4B" blockId="1.[858,1437,476,1075]" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">
<taxonomicName id="74FCFDCA9409FFECFCB6FCA43EFC3B6B" authority="Ghauri, 1972" authorityName="Ghauri" authorityYear="1972" box="[858,1224,828,851]" class="Insecta" family="Anthocoridae" genus="Orius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latibasis" subGenus="D.">
<emphasis id="81885A5B9409FFECFCB6FCA439A33B6B" box="[858,919,828,851]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">Orius</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="81885A5B9409FFECFC45FCA439F73B6B" box="[937,963,828,851]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">D.</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="81885A5B9409FFECFC39FCA43E1B3B6B" box="[981,1071,828,851]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">latibasis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="D76DFBB89409FFECFBD5FCA43EFC3B6B" author="GHAURI M. S. K." box="[1081,1224,828,851]" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" pagination="409 - 421" refId="ref6344" refString="GHAURI M. S. K. 1972: The identity of Orius tantillus (Motschusky) and notes on other Oriental Anthocoridae (Hemiptera, Heteroptera). Journal of Natural History 6: 409 - 421." type="journal article" year="1972">Ghauri, 1972</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
–
<collectingCountry id="CBEBC6D99409FFECFB04FCA43F2B3B6B" box="[1256,1311,828,851]" name="India" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">India</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="D76DFBB89409FFECFADCFCA439E73B4B" author="BALLAL C. R. &amp; AKBAR S. A. &amp; YAMADA K. &amp; WACHKOO A. A. &amp; VARSHNEY R." pageId="1" pageNumber="392" pagination="207 - 226" refId="ref6068" refString="BALLAL C. R., AKBAR S. A., YAMADA K., WACHKOO A. A. &amp; VARSHNEY R. 2018: Annotated catalogue of the flower bugs from India (Heteroptera: Anthocoridae, Lasiochilidae). Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 58: 207 - 226." type="journal article" year="2018">BALLAL et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B34386499409FFECFCB6FCE43FA93BEB" blockId="1.[858,1437,476,1075]" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">
<taxonomicName id="74FCFDCA9409FFECFCB6FCE43EEA3BAB" authority="Ghauri, 1972" authorityName="Ghauri" authorityYear="1972" box="[858,1246,892,915]" class="Insecta" family="Anthocoridae" genus="Orius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maxidentex" subGenus="D.">
<emphasis id="81885A5B9409FFECFCB6FCE439A33BAB" box="[858,919,892,915]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">Orius</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="81885A5B9409FFECFC4BFCE439F53BAB" box="[935,961,892,915]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">D.</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="81885A5B9409FFECFC3CFCE43E7D3BAB" box="[976,1097,892,915]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">maxidentex</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="D76DFBB89409FFECFBBDFCE43EEA3BAB" author="GHAURI M. S. K." box="[1105,1246,892,915]" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" pagination="409 - 421" refId="ref6344" refString="GHAURI M. S. K. 1972: The identity of Orius tantillus (Motschusky) and notes on other Oriental Anthocoridae (Hemiptera, Heteroptera). Journal of Natural History 6: 409 - 421." type="journal article" year="1972">Ghauri, 1972</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
–
<collectingCountry id="CBEBC6D99409FFECFB16FCE43F053BAB" box="[1274,1329,892,915]" name="India" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">India</collectingCountry>
including Andaman
<collectingCountry id="CBEBC6D99409FFECFC07FC043EAF3B8B" box="[1003,1179,924,947]" name="India" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">Nicobar Islands</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="CBEBC6D99409FFECFB45FC043EE33B8B" box="[1193,1239,924,947]" name="Iran" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">Iran</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="CBEBC6D99409FFECFB0AFC043F703B8B" box="[1254,1348,924,947]" name="Pakistan" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="CBEBC6D99409FFECFABEFC043FAC3B8B" box="[1362,1432,924,947]" name="Sudan" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">Sudan</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="CBEBC6D99409FFECFC94FC2439EC3BEB" box="[888,984,956,979]" name="Thailand" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">Thailand</collectingCountry>
, UnitedArab Emirates (
<bibRefCitation id="D76DFBB89409FFECFB23FC243FA53BEB" author="BALLAL C. R. &amp; AKBAR S. A. &amp; YAMADA K. &amp; WACHKOO A. A. &amp; VARSHNEY R." box="[1231,1425,956,979]" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" pagination="207 - 226" refId="ref6068" refString="BALLAL C. R., AKBAR S. A., YAMADA K., WACHKOO A. A. &amp; VARSHNEY R. 2018: Annotated catalogue of the flower bugs from India (Heteroptera: Anthocoridae, Lasiochilidae). Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 58: 207 - 226." type="journal article" year="2018">BALLAL et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B34386499409FFECFCB6FC443FBF3C0B" blockId="1.[858,1437,476,1075]" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">
<taxonomicName id="74FCFDCA9409FFECFCB6FC443F3E3BCB" authority="(Motschulsky, 1863)" baseAuthorityName="Motschulsky" baseAuthorityYear="1863" box="[858,1290,988,1011]" class="Insecta" family="Anthocoridae" genus="Orius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tantillus" subGenus="D.">
<emphasis id="81885A5B9409FFECFCB6FC4439A33BCB" box="[858,919,988,1011]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">Orius</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="81885A5B9409FFECFC4AFC4439F43BCB" box="[934,960,988,1011]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">D.</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="81885A5B9409FFECFC23FC443E123BCB" box="[975,1062,988,1011]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">tantillus</emphasis>
(Motschulsky, 1863)
</taxonomicName>
– Known widely from subtropics and tropics of the Old World, including the Pacific Islands (
<bibRefCitation id="D76DFBB89409FFECFB58FB843F4B3C0B" author="BALLAL C. R. &amp; AKBAR S. A. &amp; YAMADA K. &amp; WACHKOO A. A. &amp; VARSHNEY R." box="[1204,1407,1052,1075]" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" pagination="207 - 226" refId="ref6068" refString="BALLAL C. R., AKBAR S. A., YAMADA K., WACHKOO A. A. &amp; VARSHNEY R. 2018: Annotated catalogue of the flower bugs from India (Heteroptera: Anthocoridae, Lasiochilidae). Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 58: 207 - 226." type="journal article" year="2018">BALLAL et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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214
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: 160
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(redescription);
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<bibRefCitation id="D76DFBB89409FFECFDC2FAA738993D6A" author="HENRY T. J." box="[558,685,1343,1362]" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" pagination="12 - 28" refId="ref6383" refString="HENRY T. J. 1988: Family Anthocoridae. Pp. 12 - 28. In: HENRY T. J. &amp; FROESCHNER R. C. (eds.): Catalog of the Heteoptera, or true bugs, of Canada and the continental United States. E. J. Brill, Leiden, 958 pp." type="book chapter" year="1988">HENRY (1988)</bibRefCitation>
: 18
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(catalog); YASUNAGA (1993): 12 (diagnosis);
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: 33
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<bibRefCitation id="D76DFBB89409FFECFEDDFAED3BF13DB0" author="PERICART J." box="[305,453,1397,1416]" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" pagination="108 - 140" refId="ref6806" refString="PERICART J. 1996: Family Anthocoridae Fieber, 1836 - Flower bugs, minute pirate bugs. Pp. 108 - 140. In: AUKEMA B. &amp; RIEGER CH. (eds.): Catalogue of the Heteroptera of the Palaearctic Region. Vol. 2. Cimicomorpha I. The Netherlands Entomological Society, Amsterdam, xiv + 361 pp." type="book chapter" year="1996">PÉRICART (1996)</bibRefCitation>
: 122
</treatmentCitation>
(catalog);
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: 358
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: 548
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(diagnosis);
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: 185
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(diagnosis);
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: 287
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(diagnosis, note);
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: 37
</treatmentCitation>
(catalog);
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: 90
</treatmentCitation>
(catalog);
<treatmentCitation id="325DA0589409FFECFE49FA4738A03DCA" author="YAMADA K. &amp; YASUNAGA T. &amp; ARTCHAWAKOM T." box="[421,660,1503,1522]" page="1108" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" year="2016">
<bibRefCitation id="D76DFBB89409FFECFE49FA4738543DCA" author="YAMADA K. &amp; YASUNAGA T. &amp; ARTCHAWAKOM T." box="[421,608,1503,1522]" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" pagination="1103 - 1157" refId="ref7031" refString="YAMADA K., YASUNAGA T. &amp; ARTCHAWAKOM T. 2016: The flower bug genus Orius Wolff, 1811 (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Anthocoridae: Oriini) of Thailand. Journal of Natural History 50: 1103 - 1157." type="journal article" year="2016">YAMADA et al. (2016)</bibRefCitation>
: 1108
</treatmentCitation>
(diagnosis, discussion).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="FBE6D5C29409FFECFF7BF9BD39EA396C" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="B34386499409FFECFF7BF9BD3B5F3EC4" blockId="1.[151,760,1573,2044]" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">
<emphasis id="81885A5B9409FFECFF7BF9BD3B2F3E04" bold="true" box="[151,283,1573,1596]" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">Comments.</emphasis>
This cosmopolitan genus is currently composed of approximately 90 species (cf.
<bibRefCitation id="D76DFBB89409FFECFDBEF9DD38C03E64" author="PERICART J." box="[594,756,1605,1628]" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" pagination="108 - 140" refId="ref6806" refString="PERICART J. 1996: Family Anthocoridae Fieber, 1836 - Flower bugs, minute pirate bugs. Pp. 108 - 140. In: AUKEMA B. &amp; RIEGER CH. (eds.): Catalogue of the Heteroptera of the Palaearctic Region. Vol. 2. Cimicomorpha I. The Netherlands Entomological Society, Amsterdam, xiv + 361 pp." type="book chapter" year="1996">PÉRICART 1996</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="D76DFBB89409FFECFF7BF9FD3BB53E44" author="YAMADA K. &amp; YASUNAGA T. &amp; ARTCHAWAKOM T." box="[151,385,1637,1660]" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" pagination="1103 - 1157" refId="ref7031" refString="YAMADA K., YASUNAGA T. &amp; ARTCHAWAKOM T. 2016: The flower bug genus Orius Wolff, 1811 (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Anthocoridae: Oriini) of Thailand. Journal of Natural History 50: 1103 - 1157." type="journal article" year="2016">YAMADA et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
). Only three representatives are known to occur in
<collectingCountry id="CBEBC6D99409FFECFE8CF91D3B903EA4" box="[352,420,1669,1692]" name="Nepal" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">Nepal</collectingCountry>
. However, our recent effort has revealed presence of more than ten unknown species; three of them were confirmed to be undescribed and are documented below.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B34386499409FFECFF59F89D39EA396C" blockId="1.[151,760,1573,2044]" lastBlockId="1.[828,1437,189,340]" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">
Since
<bibRefCitation id="D76DFBB89409FFECFF1AF89D3BA83F24" author="WAGNER E." box="[246,412,1797,1820]" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" pagination="22 - 59" refId="ref6968" refString="WAGNER E. 1952: Die europaischen Arten der Gattung Orius Wff. (Hem. Het. Anthocoridae). Notulae Entomologicae 32: 22 - 59." type="journal article" year="1952">WAGNER (1952)</bibRefCitation>
the subgeneric classification has been employed for
<taxonomicName id="74FCFDCA9409FFECFE8EF8BD3BAB3F04" authorityName=": PERICART" authorityYear="1972" box="[354,415,1829,1852]" class="Insecta" family="Anthocoridae" genus="Orius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="81885A5B9409FFECFE8EF8BD3BAB3F04" box="[354,415,1829,1852]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">Orius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; currently six subgenera are present, namely
<taxonomicName id="74FCFDCA9409FFECFEC8F8DD38093F64" authority="Reuter, 1884" authorityName="Reuter" authorityYear="1884" box="[292,573,1861,1884]" class="Insecta" family="Ptiliidae" genus="Dimorphella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="81885A5B9409FFECFEC8F8DD3B9A3F64" box="[292,430,1861,1884]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">Dimorphella</emphasis>
Reuter, 1884
</taxonomicName>
(=
<taxonomicName id="74FCFDCA9409FFECFD8CF8DD3B8D3F44" authority="Yasunaga &amp; Miyamoto, 1993" authorityName="Yasunaga &amp; Miyamoto" authorityYear="1993" class="Insecta" family="Anthocoridae" genus="Paraorius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="81885A5B9409FFECFD8CF8DD38FA3F64" box="[608,718,1861,1884]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">Paraorius</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="D76DFBB89409FFECFD3EF8DD3B8D3F44" author="YASUNAGA T. &amp; MIYAMOTO S." pageId="1" pageNumber="392" pagination="227 - 232" refId="ref7399" refString="YASUNAGA T. &amp; MIYAMOTO S. 1993: Three anthocorid species (Heteroptera: Anthocoridae), predators of Thrips palmi (Thysanoptera) in eggplant gardens of Thailand. Applied Entomology &amp; Zoology 28: 227 - 232." type="journal article" year="1993">Yasunaga &amp; Miyamoto, 1993</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
);
<taxonomicName id="74FCFDCA9409FFECFE27F8FD38C73F44" authority="Blote, 1929" authorityName="Blote" authorityYear="1929" box="[459,755,1893,1916]" class="Insecta" genus="Microtrachelia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="81885A5B9409FFECFE27F8FD385A3F44" box="[459,622,1893,1916]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">Microtrachelia</emphasis>
Blöte, 1929
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="74FCFDCA9409FFECFF7BF81D3AE03FA4" authorityName=": PERICART" authorityYear="1972" box="[151,212,1925,1948]" class="Insecta" family="Anthocoridae" genus="Orius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" sensu="stricto">
<emphasis id="81885A5B9409FFECFF7BF81D3AE03FA4" box="[151,212,1925,1948]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">Orius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
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;
<taxonomicName id="74FCFDCA9409FFECFEF6F81D38123FA4" authority="Wagner, 1952" authorityName="Wagner" authorityYear="1952" box="[282,550,1925,1948]" class="Insecta" family="Anthocoridae" genus="Heterorius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="81885A5B9409FFECFEF6F81D3BB83FA4" box="[282,396,1925,1948]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">Heterorius</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="D76DFBB89409FFECFE7DF81D38123FA4" author="WAGNER E." box="[401,550,1925,1948]" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" pagination="22 - 59" refId="ref6968" refString="WAGNER E. 1952: Die europaischen Arten der Gattung Orius Wff. (Hem. Het. Anthocoridae). Notulae Entomologicae 32: 22 - 59." type="journal article" year="1952">Wagner, 1952</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="74FCFDCA9409FFECFDC3F81D3AC23F84" authority="Yasunaga, 1997" authorityName="Yasunaga" authorityYear="1997" class="Insecta" family="Anthocoridae" genus="Trichorius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="81885A5B9409FFECFDC3F81D38AA3FA4" box="[559,670,1925,1948]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">Trichorius</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="D76DFBB89409FFECFD4EF81D3AC23F84" author="YASUNAGA T." pageId="1" pageNumber="392" pagination="355 - 364" refId="ref7110" refString="YASUNAGA T. 1997: The flower bug genus Orius Wolff (Heteroptera, Anthocoridae) from Japan and Taiwan, Part I. Applied Entomology and Zoology 32: 355 - 364." type="journal article" year="1997">Yasunaga, 1997</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
; and
<taxonomicName id="74FCFDCA9409FFECFEC7F83D380C3F84" authority="Yasunaga, 1997" authorityName="Yasunaga" authorityYear="1997" box="[299,568,1957,1980]" class="Insecta" family="Anthocoridae" genus="Orius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="393" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Xylorius">
<emphasis id="81885A5B9409FFECFEC7F83D3BB23F84" box="[299,390,1957,1980]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">Xylorius</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="D76DFBB89409FFECFE67F83D380C3F84" author="YASUNAGA T." box="[395,568,1957,1980]" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" pagination="355 - 364" refId="ref7110" refString="YASUNAGA T. 1997: The flower bug genus Orius Wolff (Heteroptera, Anthocoridae) from Japan and Taiwan, Part I. Applied Entomology and Zoology 32: 355 - 364." type="journal article" year="1997">Yasunaga, 1997</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. Nonetheless, this subgeneric classification system is perfectly applicable only to the Palaearctic species. Further comprehensive revision on a global basis is required to establish more definitive subgeneric classification (
<bibRefCitation id="D76DFBB89409FFECFB51FF453FA538CC" author="YAMADA K. &amp; YASUNAGA T. &amp; ARTCHAWAKOM T." box="[1213,1425,221,244]" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" pagination="1103 - 1157" refId="ref7031" refString="YAMADA K., YASUNAGA T. &amp; ARTCHAWAKOM T. 2016: The flower bug genus Orius Wolff, 1811 (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Anthocoridae: Oriini) of Thailand. Journal of Natural History 50: 1103 - 1157." type="journal article" year="2016">YAMADA et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
). Now twenty species are known from South Asia as listed below; the subgeneric position of five species is yet to be determined.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<emphasis id="81885A5B940AFFEFFC39FF743E27393C" bold="true" box="[981,1043,236,260]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="393">Orius</emphasis>
(
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)
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(
<figureCitation id="2BC79ACC940AFFEFFC1CFE933E093926" box="[1008,1085,267,286]" captionStart="Figs 1–6" captionStartId="2.[150,187,1997,2016]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,682,1976]" captionTargetId="figure-234@2.[151,1436,680,1978]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figs 1–6. Habitus images of Nepalese Orius species, live individuals. 1–2 – O. ekaii sp. nov., ♁; 3–4 – O. nigromaritus sp. nov. (3 – holotype ♁, AMNH_PBI 00380639; 4 – ♀); 5–6 – O. paveli sp. nov. (5 – ♁; 6 – ♀)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4505380" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4505380/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="393">Figs 1–2</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="2BC79ACC940AFFEFFBAAFE933E5C3926" box="[1094,1128,267,286]" captionStart="Figs 7–12" captionStartId="3.[151,188,1989,2008]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1113,1970]" captionTargetId="figure-501@3.[151,1436,1113,1970]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figs 7–12. Habitats of Nepalese Orius species. 7–8 – full blossom of Quercus semecarpifolia, on which O. ekaii sp. nov. was found, 9 – sweeping inflorescence of Q. semecarpifolia, 10 – Urtica dioica, with two adults of O. paveli sp. nov. (arrows), 11 – Chitwan National Park in southern Nepal, type locality of O. nigromaritus sp. nov., 12 – male flowers of Mallotus philippensis, considered to be breeding host of O. nigromaritus sp. nov." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4505382" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4505382/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="393">7–8</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="2BC79ACC940AFFEFFB9DFE933EFC3926" box="[1137,1224,267,286]" captionStart-0="Figs 13–21" captionStart-1="Figs 22–33" captionStartId-0="4.[151,188,1966,1985]" captionStartId-1="5.[151,188,2007,2026]" captionTargetBox-0="[156,1436,563,1934]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,618,1985]" captionTargetId-0="figure-13@4.[151,1437,539,1953]" captionTargetId-1="figure-14@5.[151,1437,618,1993]" captionTargetPageId-0="4" captionTargetPageId-1="5" captionText-0="Figs 13–21. Dorsal habitus (13–17), and male (18–19, 21) and female (20) genitalia of Nepalese Orius species. 13–14, 18 – O. nigromaritus sp. nov.: 13 – holotype ♁ (AMNH_PBI 00380639); 14 – ♀; 18 – pygophore with paramere. 15–16, 19–20 – O. paveli sp. nov.: 16 – holotype ♁; 17 – ♀; 19 – pygophore with paramere; 20 – female genital segments with copulatory tube, dorsal view. 17, 21 – O. ekaii sp. nov.: 17 – holotype ♁; 21 – pygophore with paramere. Scale bars: 0.5 mm for 13–17; 0.1 mm for 18–21." captionText-1="Figs 22–33. Scanning electron micrographs of Orius ekaii sp. nov. (22–30, 33 – ♁; 31–32 – ♀). 22–23, 25 – anterior body, left lateral view; 24, 32–33 – metathoracic scent efferent system: 25 – protibia, 26 – protarsi, 27 – metatarsus; 28–29 – male genital segment with paramere, 30 – evaporative area of scent efferent system." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4505384" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4505386" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/4505384/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/4505386/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="393">17, 21–33</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="2BC79ACC940AFFEFFB3DFE933ED33926" box="[1233,1255,267,286]" captionStart="Figs 61–65" captionStartId="9.[151,188,1515,1534]" captionTargetBox="[152,1433,197,1492]" captionTargetId="figure-14@9.[151,1436,194,1492]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figs 61–65. Male (61–62, 64) and female genitalia (63, 65) of Nepalese Orius species. 61 – O. ekaii sp. nov., 62–63 – O. nigromaritus sp. nov., 64–65 – O. paveli sp. nov." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4505392" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4505392/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="393">61</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="FBE6D5C2940AFFEFFCD0FEAD3FB93A3A" pageId="2" pageNumber="393" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="B3438649940AFFEFFCD0FEAD3FB93A3A" blockId="2.[828,1437,267,515]" pageId="2" pageNumber="393">
<emphasis id="81885A5B940AFFEFFCD0FEAD39FF3970" bold="true" box="[828,971,309,328]" pageId="2" pageNumber="393">Type material.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="03948C14940AFFEFFC38FEAD3E26398A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3313397302" collectingDate="2006-06-03" collectionCode="NMTU, AMNH" collectorName="T. Yasunaga" country="Nepal" county="Thomna" elevation="2800" latitude="85.43" location="Langtang Himal National Park" municipality="Lama Hotel" pageId="2" pageNumber="393" specimenCode="PBI 00380638" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="6C4738EB940AFFEFFC38FEAD3E18397E" box="[980,1068,309,328]" pageId="2" pageNumber="393" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
: ♁,
<emphasis id="81885A5B940AFFEFFBB6FEAD3F0A3970" bold="true" box="[1114,1342,309,328]" pageId="2" pageNumber="393">
<collectingCountry id="CBEBC6D9940AFFEFFBB6FEAD3E933970" box="[1114,1191,309,328]" name="Nepal" pageId="2" pageNumber="393">NEPAL</collectingCountry>
: RASUWA DIST.:
</emphasis>
<location id="B623D092940AFFEFFAABFEAD3E35395A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3B55375F940AFFE9FC39FF743E3839CD:B623D092940AFFEFFAABFEAD3E35395A" country="Nepal" county="Thomna" latitude="85.43" municipality="Lama Hotel" name="Langtang Himal National Park" pageId="2" pageNumber="393">Langtang Himal National Park</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="53271C33940AFFEFFBE2FED73E4A395A" box="[1038,1150,335,354]" pageId="2" pageNumber="393">Lama Hotel</collectingMunicipality>
~
<collectingCounty id="5A22FEC5940AFFEFFB64FED73EE2395A" box="[1160,1238,335,354]" pageId="2" pageNumber="393">Thomna</collectingCounty>
, 2,340~
<quantity id="74042BAC940AFFEFFACEFED73F44395A" box="[1314,1392,335,354]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" pageId="2" pageNumber="393" unit="m" value="2800.0">
<elevation id="38D1617A940AFFEFFACEFED73F44395A" box="[1314,1392,335,354]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" pageId="2" pageNumber="393" unit="m" value="2800.0">2,800 m</elevation>
</quantity>
alt., 28°09′32″~10′54”N 85°25’48″~26′29″E, sweep-netting flowers of
<taxonomicName id="74FCFDCA940AFFEFFCD0FE1D3E7E39A0" authority="Sm." authorityName="Sm." box="[828,1098,389,408]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="393" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="semecarpifolia">
<emphasis id="81885A5B940AFFEFFCD0FE1D3E2E39A0" box="[828,1050,389,408]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="393">Quercus semecarpifolia</emphasis>
Sm.
</taxonomicName>
,
<date id="C742A089940AFFEFFBBBFE1D3EF039A0" box="[1111,1220,389,408]" pageId="2" pageNumber="393" value="2006-06-03">
<collectingDate id="D7065961940AFFEFFBBBFE1D3EF039A0" box="[1111,1220,389,408]" pageId="2" pageNumber="393" value="2006-06-03">3 Jun 2006</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="1E09E39F940AFFEFFB3CFE1D3F7539A0" box="[1232,1345,389,408]" pageId="2" pageNumber="393">T. Yasunaga</collectorName>
(
<collectionCode id="D5ED1E8C940AFFEFFABDFE1D3FA139A0" box="[1361,1429,389,408]" pageId="2" pageNumber="393">NMTU</collectionCode>
) (
<collectionCode id="D5ED1E8C940AFFEFFCADFE0739B7398A" box="[833,899,415,434]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="2" pageNumber="393">AMNH</collectionCode>
_
<specimenCode id="E35A2E32940AFFEFFC62FE073E38398A" box="[910,1036,415,434]" collectionCode="AMNH" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="2" pageNumber="393">PBI 00380638</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
<typeStatus id="6C4738EB940AFFEFFBF4FE073E5B3989" box="[1048,1135,415,434]" pageId="2" pageNumber="393" type="paratype">PARATYPES</typeStatus>
:
<emphasis id="81885A5B940AFFEFFB94FE073F71398A" bold="true" box="[1144,1349,415,434]" pageId="2" pageNumber="393">
<collectingCountry id="CBEBC6D9940AFFEFFB94FE073EF6398A" box="[1144,1218,415,434]" name="Nepal" pageId="2" pageNumber="393">NEPAL</collectingCountry>
: RASUWA DIST.:
</emphasis>
same data as for
<typeStatus id="6C4738EB940AFFEFFC9EFE22398B39F5" box="[882,959,442,461]" pageId="2" pageNumber="393" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, 3 ♁♁ (
<collectionCode id="D5ED1E8C940AFFEFFBEFFE223E7639F5" box="[1027,1090,442,461]" pageId="2" pageNumber="393">TYCN</collectionCode>
); Lama Hotel ~ Rimche, 2,400~
<quantity id="74042BAC940AFFEFFAB9FE223FA939F5" box="[1365,1437,442,461]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="393" unit="m" value="2500.0">2,500 m</quantity>
alt., 28°09′32~41″
<geoCoordinate id="D6C8E08E940AFFEFFC34FE4D3E0D39D0" box="[984,1081,469,488]" degrees="85" direction="north" minutes="25" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="393" precision="15" seconds="17" value="85.42139">N 85°25′17</geoCoordinate>
~48″E, sweep-netting flowers of
<taxonomicName id="74FCFDCA940AFFEFFAB9FE4D398F3A3A" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="393" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="semecarpifolia">
<emphasis id="81885A5B940AFFEFFAB9FE4D398F3A3A" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="393">Quercus semecarpifolia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<date id="C742A089940AFFEFFC29FE773E113A3A" box="[965,1061,495,514]" pageId="2" pageNumber="393" value="2006-06-08">8 Jun 2006</date>
, T. Yasunaga, 2 ♁♁
<specimenCount id="A5FA4DC0940AFFEFFB38FE773EC03A3B" box="[1236,1268,492,515]" pageId="2" pageNumber="393" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="D5ED1E8C940AFFEFFB12FE773F093A3A" box="[1278,1341,495,514]" pageId="2" pageNumber="393">TKPM</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="D5ED1E8C940AFFEFFAA9FE773FB73A3A" box="[1349,1411,495,514]" pageId="2" pageNumber="393">TYCN</collectionCode>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="FBE6D5C2940AFFEEFCD0FD8338883A4D" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="394" pageId="2" pageNumber="393" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="B3438649940AFFEEFCD0FD8338883A4D" blockId="2.[828,1437,539,626]" lastBlockId="3.[151,760,190,1077]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="394" pageId="2" pageNumber="393">
<emphasis id="81885A5B940AFFEFFCD0FD833E013A0A" bold="true" box="[828,1077,539,562]" pageId="2" pageNumber="393">Differential diagnosis.</emphasis>
Recognized by its relatively large size among congeners belonging to the nominotypical subgenus; elongate body with developed forewing membrane; oily shiny, impunctate pronotum; wide peritreme of scent efferent system; uniformly yellowish brown legs; and broadened basal half of flagellum of paramere. Combination of these characters, in addition to its unique arboreal habitat, enables this new species to be distinguished from any other known congeners that belong to
<taxonomicName id="74FCFDCA940BFFEEFE03FEC63818394D" authorityName=": PERICART" authorityYear="1972" box="[495,556,350,373]" class="Insecta" family="Anthocoridae" genus="Orius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="394" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" sensu="stricto">
<emphasis id="81885A5B940BFFEEFE03FEC63818394D" box="[495,556,350,373]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="394">Orius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="9ABBE720940BFFEEFDDEFEC6385E394D" box="[562,618,350,373]" pageId="3" pageNumber="394" sensu="stricto">s. str.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Based on the similarly large size and basally thickened flagellum of the paramere,
<taxonomicName id="74FCFDCA940BFFEEFEEAFE063B6D398D" authority="Yasunaga &amp; Yamada &amp; Duwal, 2019" authorityName="Yasunaga &amp; Yamada &amp; Duwal" authorityYear="2019" box="[262,345,414,437]" class="Insecta" family="Anthocoridae" genus="Orius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="394" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ekaii" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="81885A5B940BFFEEFEEAFE063B6D398D" box="[262,345,414,437]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="394">O. ekaii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="9ABBE720940BFFEEFEB2FE063B84398D" box="[350,432,414,437]" pageId="3" pageNumber="394" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is most similar to
<taxonomicName id="74FCFDCA940BFFEEFD82FE063B8439ED" authority="Yamada &amp; Yasunaga, 2016" authorityName="Yamada &amp; Yasunaga" authorityYear="2016" class="Insecta" family="Anthocoridae" genus="Orius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="394" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tomokunii">
<emphasis id="81885A5B940BFFEEFD82FE0638CC398D" box="[622,760,414,437]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="394">O. tomokunii</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="D76DFBB8940BFFEEFF7BFE263B8439ED" author="YAMADA K. &amp; YASUNAGA T. &amp; ARTCHAWAKOM T." box="[151,432,446,469]" pageId="3" pageNumber="394" pagination="1103 - 1157" refId="ref7031" refString="YAMADA K., YASUNAGA T. &amp; ARTCHAWAKOM T. 2016: The flower bug genus Orius Wolff, 1811 (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Anthocoridae: Oriini) of Thailand. Journal of Natural History 50: 1103 - 1157." type="journal article" year="2016">Yamada &amp; Yasunaga, 2016</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
described from North
<collectingCountry id="CBEBC6D9940BFFEEFD76FE2638CC39ED" box="[666,760,446,469]" name="Thailand" pageId="3" pageNumber="394">Thailand</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="D76DFBB8940BFFEEFF72FE463B4739CD" author="YAMADA K. &amp; YASUNAGA T. &amp; ARTCHAWAKOM T." box="[158,371,478,501]" pageId="3" pageNumber="394" pagination="1103 - 1157" refId="ref7031" refString="YAMADA K., YASUNAGA T. &amp; ARTCHAWAKOM T. 2016: The flower bug genus Orius Wolff, 1811 (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Anthocoridae: Oriini) of Thailand. Journal of Natural History 50: 1103 - 1157." type="journal article" year="2016">YAMADA et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
); the former can be readily distinguished from the latter by more expanded posterior angle of the pronotum, darkened cuneus, and the shape of the paramere (e.g., denticule situated near the base of flagellum and basal half of flagellum thickened as in
<figureCitation id="2BC79ACC940BFFEEFD8DFDC638843A4D" box="[609,688,606,629]" captionStart="Figs 61–65" captionStartId="9.[151,188,1515,1534]" captionTargetBox="[152,1433,197,1492]" captionTargetId="figure-14@9.[151,1436,194,1492]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figs 61–65. Male (61–62, 64) and female genitalia (63, 65) of Nepalese Orius species. 61 – O. ekaii sp. nov., 62–63 – O. nigromaritus sp. nov., 64–65 – O. paveli sp. nov." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4505392" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4505392/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="394">Fig. 61</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="E783D6C1940AFFEFFF7AF85538CE3FC2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4505380" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4505380" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4505380/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="393" startId="2.[150,187,1997,2016]" targetBox="[151,1436,682,1976]" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph id="B3438649940AFFEFFF7AF85538CE3FC2" blockId="2.[150,1436,1990,2043]" pageId="2" pageNumber="393">
Figs 1–6. Habitus images of Nepalese
<taxonomicName id="74FCFDCA940AFFEFFE00F85538293FD8" authorityName=": PERICART" authorityYear="1972" box="[492,541,1997,2016]" class="Insecta" family="Anthocoridae" genus="Orius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="393" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="81885A5B940AFFEFFE00F85538293FD8" box="[492,541,1997,2016]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="393">Orius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species, live individuals. 1–2 –
<taxonomicName id="74FCFDCA940AFFEFFCD6F855394B3FD8" authority="Yasunaga &amp; Yamada &amp; Duwal, 2019" authorityName="Yasunaga &amp; Yamada &amp; Duwal" authorityYear="2019" box="[826,895,1997,2016]" class="Insecta" family="Anthocoridae" genus="Orius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="393" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ekaii" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="81885A5B940AFFEFFCD6F855394B3FD8" box="[826,895,1997,2016]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="393">O. ekaii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="9ABBE720940AFFEFFC6BF85539FA3FD8" box="[903,974,1997,2016]" pageId="2" pageNumber="393" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, ♁; 3–4 –
<taxonomicName id="74FCFDCA940AFFEFFBC1F8553E8C3FD8" authority="Yasunaga &amp; Yamada &amp; Duwal, 2019" authorityName="Yasunaga &amp; Yamada &amp; Duwal" authorityYear="2019" box="[1069,1208,1997,2016]" class="Insecta" family="Anthocoridae" genus="Orius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="393" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigromaritus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="81885A5B940AFFEFFBC1F8553E8C3FD8" box="[1069,1208,1997,2016]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="393">O. nigromaritus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="9ABBE720940AFFEFFB53F8553F303FD8" box="[1215,1284,1997,2016]" pageId="2" pageNumber="393" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(3 – holotype ♁, AMNH_PBI 00380639; 4 – ♀); 5–6 –
<taxonomicName id="74FCFDCA940AFFEFFE0DF87F381B3FC2" authority="Yasunaga &amp; Yamada &amp; Duwal, 2019" authorityName="Yasunaga &amp; Yamada &amp; Duwal" authorityYear="2019" box="[481,559,2023,2042]" class="Insecta" family="Anthocoridae" genus="Orius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="393" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paveli" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="81885A5B940AFFEFFE0DF87F381B3FC2" box="[481,559,2023,2042]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="393">O. paveli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="9ABBE720940AFFEFFDD9F87F384C3FC2" box="[565,632,2023,2042]" pageId="2" pageNumber="393" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(5 – ♁; 6 – ♀).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="FBE6D5C2940BFFEEFF59FDE639FE3C0D" pageId="3" pageNumber="394" type="description">
<paragraph id="B3438649940BFFEEFF59FDE63FBA39CD" blockId="3.[151,760,190,1077]" lastBlockId="3.[828,1437,190,1077]" pageId="3" pageNumber="394">
<emphasis id="81885A5B940BFFEEFF59FDE63BB63AAD" bold="true" box="[181,386,637,661]" pageId="3" pageNumber="394">
Description.
<emphasis id="81885A5B940BFFEEFEA8FDE53BB63AAD" bold="true" box="[324,386,637,661]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="394">Male.</emphasis>
</emphasis>
Macropterous. Body generally pale brown, large, elongate oval; dorsal surface shining, with uniformly distributed pale, simple, reclining setae. Head shiny fuscous, weakly porrect. Antenna pale brown, thickened; basal half of segment I, apical 1/4–1/3 of segment II, whole segment III, and base of segment IV more or less darkened; segment II slightly shorter than head width across compound eyes, about as thick as protibia. Labium somber brown, reaching but not exceeding apex of procoxa; apical 1/3 of segment III and base of segment IV yellowish brown. Pronotum polished, oily shiny, sparsely and minutely punctate posterior to calli, with distinct upright corner seta at each angle; scutellum uniformly shiny dark brown, flat; pleura dark brown; metathoracic scent efferent system as in
<figureCitation id="2BC79ACC940BFFEEFC98FF2639D938ED" box="[884,1005,190,213]" captionStart="Figs 22–33" captionStartId="5.[151,188,2007,2026]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,618,1985]" captionTargetId="figure-14@5.[151,1437,618,1993]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figs 22–33. Scanning electron micrographs of Orius ekaii sp. nov. (22–30, 33 – ♁; 31–32 – ♀). 22–23, 25 – anterior body, left lateral view; 24, 32–33 – metathoracic scent efferent system: 25 – protibia, 26 – protarsi, 27 – metatarsus; 28–29 – male genital segment with paramere, 30 – evaporative area of scent efferent system." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4505386" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4505386/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="394">Figs 24, 33</figureCitation>
, with wide peritreme. Hemelytron shiny pale brown; cuneus almost entirely darkened (
<figureCitation id="2BC79ACC940BFFEEFAC1FF463FBA38CD" box="[1325,1422,222,245]" captionStart="Figs 1–6" captionStartId="2.[150,187,1997,2016]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,682,1976]" captionTargetId="figure-234@2.[151,1436,680,1978]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figs 1–6. Habitus images of Nepalese Orius species, live individuals. 1–2 – O. ekaii sp. nov., ♁; 3–4 – O. nigromaritus sp. nov. (3 – holotype ♁, AMNH_PBI 00380639; 4 – ♀); 5–6 – O. paveli sp. nov. (5 – ♁; 6 – ♀)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4505380" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4505380/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="394">Figs 1–2</figureCitation>
); membrane pale grayish brown, developed, wider than hemelytron. Coxae and legs pale brown; apical part of each coxa slightly pale; protibial teeth reddish brown, rather blunt-tipped; pretarsal structures as in
<figureCitation id="2BC79ACC940BFFEEFB39FEC63F7B394D" box="[1237,1359,350,373]" captionStart="Figs 22–33" captionStartId="5.[151,188,2007,2026]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,618,1985]" captionTargetId="figure-14@5.[151,1437,618,1993]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figs 22–33. Scanning electron micrographs of Orius ekaii sp. nov. (22–30, 33 – ♁; 31–32 – ♀). 22–23, 25 – anterior body, left lateral view; 24, 32–33 – metathoracic scent efferent system: 25 – protibia, 26 – protarsi, 27 – metatarsus; 28–29 – male genital segment with paramere, 30 – evaporative area of scent efferent system." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4505386" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4505386/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="394">Figs 26–27</figureCitation>
. Abdomen shiny dark brown, generally elongate. Male genitalia (
<figureCitation id="2BC79ACC940BFFEEFCAFFE0639A3398D" box="[835,919,414,437]" captionStart="Figs 13–21" captionStartId="4.[151,188,1966,1985]" captionTargetBox="[156,1436,563,1934]" captionTargetId="figure-13@4.[151,1437,539,1953]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figs 13–21. Dorsal habitus (13–17), and male (18–19, 21) and female (20) genitalia of Nepalese Orius species. 13–14, 18 – O. nigromaritus sp. nov.: 13 – holotype ♁ (AMNH_PBI 00380639); 14 – ♀; 18 – pygophore with paramere. 15–16, 19–20 – O. paveli sp. nov.: 16 – holotype ♁; 17 – ♀; 19 – pygophore with paramere; 20 – female genital segments with copulatory tube, dorsal view. 17, 21 – O. ekaii sp. nov.: 17 – holotype ♁; 21 – pygophore with paramere. Scale bars: 0.5 mm for 13–17; 0.1 mm for 18–21." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4505384" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4505384/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="394">Figs 21</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="2BC79ACC940BFFEEFC4EFE0639D3398D" box="[930,999,414,437]" captionStart="Figs 22–33" captionStartId="5.[151,188,2007,2026]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,618,1985]" captionTargetId="figure-14@5.[151,1437,618,1993]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figs 22–33. Scanning electron micrographs of Orius ekaii sp. nov. (22–30, 33 – ♁; 31–32 – ♀). 22–23, 25 – anterior body, left lateral view; 24, 32–33 – metathoracic scent efferent system: 25 – protibia, 26 – protarsi, 27 – metatarsus; 28–29 – male genital segment with paramere, 30 – evaporative area of scent efferent system." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4505386" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4505386/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="394">28–29</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="2BC79ACC940BFFEEFC1FFE063E25398D" box="[1011,1041,414,437]" captionStart="Figs 61–65" captionStartId="9.[151,188,1515,1534]" captionTargetBox="[152,1433,197,1492]" captionTargetId="figure-14@9.[151,1436,194,1492]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figs 61–65. Male (61–62, 64) and female genitalia (63, 65) of Nepalese Orius species. 61 – O. ekaii sp. nov., 62–63 – O. nigromaritus sp. nov., 64–65 – O. paveli sp. nov." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4505392" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4505392/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="394">61</figureCitation>
): Paramere C-shaped, with denticule situated near base of flagellum (
<figureCitation id="2BC79ACC940BFFEEFB6FFE263EE039ED" box="[1155,1236,446,469]" captionStart="Figs 22–33" captionStartId="5.[151,188,2007,2026]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,618,1985]" captionTargetId="figure-14@5.[151,1437,618,1993]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figs 22–33. Scanning electron micrographs of Orius ekaii sp. nov. (22–30, 33 – ♁; 31–32 – ♀). 22–23, 25 – anterior body, left lateral view; 24, 32–33 – metathoracic scent efferent system: 25 – protibia, 26 – protarsi, 27 – metatarsus; 28–29 – male genital segment with paramere, 30 – evaporative area of scent efferent system." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4505386" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4505386/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="394">Figs 28</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="2BC79ACC940BFFEEFB31FE263ECE39ED" box="[1245,1274,446,469]" captionStart="Figs 61–65" captionStartId="9.[151,188,1515,1534]" captionTargetBox="[152,1433,197,1492]" captionTargetId="figure-14@9.[151,1436,194,1492]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figs 61–65. Male (61–62, 64) and female genitalia (63, 65) of Nepalese Orius species. 61 – O. ekaii sp. nov., 62–63 – O. nigromaritus sp. nov., 64–65 – O. paveli sp. nov." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4505392" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4505392/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="394">61</figureCitation>
); conus tapered toward apex; flagellum short, with thickened basal half.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B3438649940BFFEEFCB6FE6539923AAD" blockId="3.[828,1437,190,1077]" pageId="3" pageNumber="394">
<emphasis id="81885A5B940BFFEEFCB6FE6539813A2D" bold="true" box="[858,949,509,533]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="394">Female.</emphasis>
Macropterous. Similar in general coloration and shape to male, but body ovoid, antenna slender and hemelytron not significantly infuscate. Female genitalia: Not examined as only a single teneral specimen is available.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B3438649940BFFEEFCD0FD063E603B4D" blockId="3.[828,1437,190,1077]" pageId="3" pageNumber="394">
<emphasis id="81885A5B940BFFEEFCD0FD0639D73A8D" bold="true" box="[828,995,670,693]" pageId="3" pageNumber="394">Measurements</emphasis>
(mm).
<emphasis id="81885A5B940BFFEEFBDDFD063E5C3A8D" box="[1073,1128,670,693]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="394">Male</emphasis>
(n = 4). Total length of body 2.25–2.40; head width across compound eyes 0.38–0.41; lengths of antennal segments I – 0.09–0.11, II – 0.30–0.36, III – 0.21–0.25, IV – 0.19–0.20; basal width of pronotum 0.85–0.95; maximum width across hemelytron 0.93–0.96; and lengths of metafemur 0.58–0.67, metatibia 0.71–0.76, and metatarsus 0.20–0.22.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B3438649940BFFEEFCB6FCE639FE3C0D" blockId="3.[828,1437,190,1077]" pageId="3" pageNumber="394">
<emphasis id="81885A5B940BFFEEFCB6FCE6399E3BAD" box="[858,938,894,917]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="394">Female</emphasis>
(n = 1). Total length of body 2.25; head width across compound eyes 0.39; lengths of antennal segments I – 0.10, II – 0.29, III – 0.19, IV – 0.20; basal width of pronotum 0.85; maximum width across hemelytron 1.01; and lengths of metafemur 0.65, metatibia 0.71, and metatarsus 0.19.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="E783D6C1940BFFEEFF7BF85D3F0C3035" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4505382" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4505382" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4505382/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="394" startId="3.[151,188,1989,2008]" targetBox="[151,1436,1113,1970]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="B3438649940BFFEEFF7BF85D3F0C3035" blockId="3.[151,1436,1989,2061]" pageId="3" pageNumber="394">
Figs 7–12. Habitats of Nepalese
<taxonomicName id="74FCFDCA940BFFEEFE5CF85D3BD53FE0" authorityName=": PERICART" authorityYear="1972" box="[432,481,1989,2008]" class="Insecta" family="Anthocoridae" genus="Orius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="394" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="81885A5B940BFFEEFE5CF85D3BD53FE0" box="[432,481,1989,2008]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="394">Orius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species. 7–8 – full blossom of
<taxonomicName id="74FCFDCA940BFFEEFD00F85D398D3FE0" box="[748,953,1989,2008]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="394" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="semecarpifolia">
<emphasis id="81885A5B940BFFEEFD00F85D398D3FE0" box="[748,953,1989,2008]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="394">Quercus semecarpifolia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, on which
<taxonomicName id="74FCFDCA940BFFEEFBF4F85D3E683FE0" authority="Yasunaga &amp; Yamada &amp; Duwal, 2019" authorityName="Yasunaga &amp; Yamada &amp; Duwal" authorityYear="2019" box="[1048,1116,1989,2008]" class="Insecta" family="Anthocoridae" genus="Orius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="394" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ekaii" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="81885A5B940BFFEEFBF4F85D3E683FE0" box="[1048,1116,1989,2008]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="394">O. ekaii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="9ABBE720940BFFEEFB8EF85D3E913FE0" box="[1122,1189,1989,2008]" pageId="3" pageNumber="394" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
was found, 9 – sweeping inflorescence of
<taxonomicName id="74FCFDCA940BFFEEFEFFF8783B9F3FCB" box="[275,427,2016,2035]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="394" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="semecarpifolia">
<emphasis id="81885A5B940BFFEEFEFFF8783B9F3FCB" box="[275,427,2016,2035]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="394">Q. semecarpifolia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 10 –
<taxonomicName id="74FCFDCA940BFFEEFE33F87838653FCB" box="[479,593,2016,2035]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" genus="Urtica" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="3" pageNumber="394" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dioica">
<emphasis id="81885A5B940BFFEEFE33F87838653FCB" box="[479,593,2016,2035]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="394">Urtica dioica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, with two adults of
<taxonomicName id="74FCFDCA940BFFEEFD16F878397C3FCB" authority="Yasunaga &amp; Yamada &amp; Duwal, 2019" authorityName="Yasunaga &amp; Yamada &amp; Duwal" authorityYear="2019" box="[762,840,2016,2035]" class="Insecta" family="Anthocoridae" genus="Orius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="394" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paveli" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="81885A5B940BFFEEFD16F878397C3FCB" box="[762,840,2016,2035]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="394">O. paveli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="9ABBE720940BFFEEFCA1F87839BB3FCB" box="[845,911,2016,2035]" pageId="3" pageNumber="394" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(arrows), 11 – Chitwan National Park in southern Nepal, type locality of
<taxonomicName id="74FCFDCA940BFFEEFF18F8623B493035" authority="Yasunaga &amp; Yamada &amp; Duwal, 2019" authorityName="Yasunaga &amp; Yamada &amp; Duwal" authorityYear="2019" box="[244,381,2042,2061]" class="Insecta" family="Anthocoridae" genus="Orius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="394" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigromaritus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="81885A5B940BFFEEFF18F8623B493035" box="[244,381,2042,2061]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="394">O. nigromaritus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="9ABBE720940BFFEEFE6EF8623BF23035" box="[386,454,2042,2061]" pageId="3" pageNumber="394" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, 12 – male flowers of
<taxonomicName id="74FCFDCA940BFFEEFD6FF862390F3035" box="[643,827,2042,2061]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Osmeridae" genus="Mallotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osmeriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="394" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="philippensis">
<emphasis id="81885A5B940BFFEEFD6FF862390F3035" box="[643,827,2042,2061]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="394">Mallotus philippensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, considered to be breeding host of
<taxonomicName id="74FCFDCA940BFFEEFB8BF8623EC43035" authority="Yasunaga &amp; Yamada &amp; Duwal, 2019" authorityName="Yasunaga &amp; Yamada &amp; Duwal" authorityYear="2019" box="[1127,1264,2042,2061]" class="Insecta" family="Anthocoridae" genus="Orius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="394" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigromaritus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="81885A5B940BFFEEFB8BF8623EC43035" box="[1127,1264,2042,2061]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="394">O. nigromaritus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="9ABBE720940BFFEEFB19F8623F0C3035" box="[1269,1336,2042,2061]" pageId="3" pageNumber="394" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="FBE6D5C2940CFFE9FF7BFF26388939AD" pageId="4" pageNumber="395" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="B3438649940CFFE9FF7BFF26388939AD" blockId="4.[151,760,190,501]" pageId="4" pageNumber="395">
<emphasis id="81885A5B940CFFE9FF7BFF263B2338ED" bold="true" box="[151,279,190,213]" pageId="4" pageNumber="395">Etymology.</emphasis>
Named after [the Shramana] Ekai Kawaguchi (1866–1945), a Japanese Buddhist monk and pathfinder famed for his amazing fantastic pilgrimage from
<collectingCountry id="CBEBC6D9940CFFE9FD2CFF6638C3392D" box="[704,759,254,277]" name="India" pageId="4" pageNumber="395">India</collectingCountry>
via
<collectingCountry id="CBEBC6D9940CFFE9FF52FE863ACA390D" box="[190,254,286,309]" name="Nepal" pageId="4" pageNumber="395">Nepal</collectingCountry>
to Tibet across the Himalayas, seeking Sanskrit and Tibetan Buddhism scriptures (cf.
<bibRefCitation id="D76DFBB8940CFFE9FDDFFEA638D8396D" author="KAWAGUCHI E." box="[563,748,318,341]" pageId="4" pageNumber="395" refId="ref6487" refString="KAWAGUCHI E. 1909: Three Years in Tibet, with the original Japanese illustrations. Theosophical Publishing Society, Benares and London, viii + 719 pp. Online library: https: // archive. org / details / cu 31924023224292 (Last accessed: 28 May 2019)." type="book" year="1909">KAWAGUCHI 1909</bibRefCitation>
). He also is known as the first Japanese visitor to
<collectingCountry id="CBEBC6D9940CFFE9FD60FEC638F8394D" box="[652,716,350,373]" name="Nepal" pageId="4" pageNumber="395">Nepal</collectingCountry>
and Tibet. Noun in genitive case standing in apposition.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="FBE6D5C2940CFFE9FF7BFE063E3839CD" pageId="4" pageNumber="395" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="B3438649940CFFE9FF7BFE063E3839CD" blockId="4.[151,760,190,501]" lastBlockId="4.[828,1436,190,501]" pageId="4" pageNumber="395">
<emphasis id="81885A5B940CFFE9FF7BFE063AC6398D" bold="true" box="[151,242,414,437]" pageId="4" pageNumber="395">Biology.</emphasis>
This unique arboreal new species was discovered from inflorescence of
<taxonomicName id="74FCFDCA940CFFE9FE92FE263AE739CD" authority="Sm." authorityName="Sm." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="395" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="semecarpifolia">
<emphasis id="81885A5B940CFFE9FE92FE26384939ED" box="[382,637,446,469]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="395">Quercus semecarpifolia</emphasis>
Sm. (Fagaceae)
</taxonomicName>
, on which two undetermined species of
<taxonomicName id="74FCFDCA940CFFE9FD6CFE4639F138ED" authority="Fallen, 1814" authorityName="Fallen" authorityYear="1814" box="[640,965,190,501]" class="Insecta" family="Anthocoridae" genus="Anthocoris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="395" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="81885A5B940CFFE9FD6CFE4638C339CD" box="[640,759,478,501]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="395">Anthocoris</emphasis>
Fallén, 1814
</taxonomicName>
and more than five species of the
<taxonomicName id="74FCFDCA940CFFE9FAAAFF263FA838ED" box="[1350,1436,190,213]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="395" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Miridae</taxonomicName>
co-occurred, such as
<taxonomicName id="74FCFDCA940CFFE9FBC7FF4639DE392D" authority="Yasunaga &amp; Duwal, 2008" authorityName="Yasunaga &amp; Duwal" authorityYear="2008" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Castanopsides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="395" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="katsutai">
<emphasis id="81885A5B940CFFE9FBC7FF463F1E38CD" box="[1067,1322,222,245]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="395">Castanopsides katsutai</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="D76DFBB8940CFFE9FAD8FF4639DE392D" author="YASUNAGA T. &amp; DUWAL R. K." pageId="4" pageNumber="395" pagination="403 - 417" refId="ref7252" refString="YASUNAGA T. &amp; DUWAL R. K. 2008: New species of the mirine plant bug genus Castanopsides Yasunaga and its assumed sister genus Mahania Poppius from Nepal, with a new synonymy of the genus Liocapsus Poppius (Heteroptera, Miridae, Mirinae). Pp. 403 - 417. In: GROZEVA S. &amp; SIMOV N. (eds.): Advances in Heteroptera Research, Festschrift in Honor of 80 th Anniversary of Michail Josifov. Pensoft Publishers Sofia-Moscow, Bulgaria, 417 pp." type="book chapter" year="2008">Yasunaga &amp; Duwal, 2008</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="74FCFDCA940CFFE9FC1AFF663FAC392D" authority="Yasunaga &amp; Duwal, 2008" authorityName="Yasunaga &amp; Duwal" authorityYear="2008" box="[1014,1432,254,277]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Castanopsides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="395" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="michaili">
<emphasis id="81885A5B940CFFE9FC1AFF663E44392D" box="[1014,1136,254,277]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="395">C. michaili</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="D76DFBB8940CFFE9FB95FF663FAC392D" author="YASUNAGA T. &amp; DUWAL R. K." box="[1145,1432,254,277]" pageId="4" pageNumber="395" pagination="403 - 417" refId="ref7252" refString="YASUNAGA T. &amp; DUWAL R. K. 2008: New species of the mirine plant bug genus Castanopsides Yasunaga and its assumed sister genus Mahania Poppius from Nepal, with a new synonymy of the genus Liocapsus Poppius (Heteroptera, Miridae, Mirinae). Pp. 403 - 417. In: GROZEVA S. &amp; SIMOV N. (eds.): Advances in Heteroptera Research, Festschrift in Honor of 80 th Anniversary of Michail Josifov. Pensoft Publishers Sofia-Moscow, Bulgaria, 417 pp." type="book chapter" year="2008">Yasunaga &amp; Duwal, 2008</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="74FCFDCA940CFFE9FCD0FE863F52390D" authority="Yasunaga &amp; Schwartz, 2007" authorityName="Yasunaga &amp; Schwartz" authorityYear="2007" box="[828,1382,286,309]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Liocapsus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="395" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="langtang">
<emphasis id="81885A5B940CFFE9FCD0FE863E23390D" box="[828,1047,286,309]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="395">Liocapsus langtang</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="D76DFBB8940CFFE9FBCEFE863F52390D" author="YASUNAGA T. &amp; SCHWARTZ M. D." box="[1058,1382,286,309]" pageId="4" pageNumber="395" pagination="100 - 180" refId="ref7440" refString="YASUNAGA T. &amp; SCHWARTZ M. D. 2007: Revision of the mirine plant bug genus Philostephanus Distant and allies Heteroptera (Miridae: Mirinae: Mirini). Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 150: 100 - 180." type="journal article" year="2007">Yasunaga &amp; Schwartz, 2007</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="74FCFDCA940CFFE9FCD0FEA63FA8396D" authority="Duwal, Yasunaga &amp; Lee, 2010" authorityName="Duwal, Yasunaga &amp; Lee" authorityYear="2010" box="[828,1436,318,341]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Psallomorpha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="395" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quercicola">
<emphasis id="81885A5B940CFFE9FCD0FEA63E7A396D" box="[828,1102,318,341]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="395">Psallomorpha quercicola</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="D76DFBB8940CFFE9FBB9FEA63FA8396D" author="DUWAL R. K. &amp; YASUNAGA T. &amp; LEE S. H." box="[1109,1436,318,341]" pageId="4" pageNumber="395" pagination="1 - 48" refId="ref6259" refString="DUWAL R. K., YASUNAGA T., &amp; LEE S. H. 2010: Revision of the plant bug tribe Phylini from Nepal (Heteroptera: Miridae: Phylinae). Entomologica Americana 116: 1 - 48." type="journal article" year="2010">Duwal, Yasunaga &amp; Lee, 2010</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(cf.
<bibRefCitation id="D76DFBB8940CFFE9FC85FEC63E99394D" author="YASUNAGA T. &amp; SCHWARTZ M. D." box="[873,1197,350,373]" pageId="4" pageNumber="395" pagination="100 - 180" refId="ref7440" refString="YASUNAGA T. &amp; SCHWARTZ M. D. 2007: Revision of the mirine plant bug genus Philostephanus Distant and allies Heteroptera (Miridae: Mirinae: Mirini). Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 150: 100 - 180." type="journal article" year="2007">YASUNAGA &amp; SCHWARTZ 2007</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="D76DFBB8940CFFE9FB56FEC6394239AD" author="YASUNAGA T. &amp; DUWAL R. K." pageId="4" pageNumber="395" pagination="403 - 417" refId="ref7252" refString="YASUNAGA T. &amp; DUWAL R. K. 2008: New species of the mirine plant bug genus Castanopsides Yasunaga and its assumed sister genus Mahania Poppius from Nepal, with a new synonymy of the genus Liocapsus Poppius (Heteroptera, Miridae, Mirinae). Pp. 403 - 417. In: GROZEVA S. &amp; SIMOV N. (eds.): Advances in Heteroptera Research, Festschrift in Honor of 80 th Anniversary of Michail Josifov. Pensoft Publishers Sofia-Moscow, Bulgaria, 417 pp." type="book chapter" year="2008">YASUNAGA &amp; DUWAL 2008</bibRefCitation>
,
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).
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most probably fed on a few undetermined thysanopteran species found simultaneously and/or the oak pollen (T. Yasunaga, personal observation).
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Subgenus
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</subSubSection>
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<paragraph id="B3438649940DFFE8FED0FF44386738D7" blockId="5.[151,761,220,414]" box="[316,595,220,239]" pageId="5" pageNumber="396">
(
<figureCitation id="2BC79ACC940DFFE8FEAEFF443BBB38D7" box="[322,399,220,239]" captionStart="Figs 1–6" captionStartId="2.[150,187,1997,2016]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,682,1976]" captionTargetId="figure-234@2.[151,1436,680,1978]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figs 1–6. Habitus images of Nepalese Orius species, live individuals. 1–2 – O. ekaii sp. nov., ♁; 3–4 – O. nigromaritus sp. nov. (3 – holotype ♁, AMNH_PBI 00380639; 4 – ♀); 5–6 – O. paveli sp. nov. (5 – ♁; 6 – ♀)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4505380" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4505380/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="396">Figs 3–4</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="2BC79ACC940DFFE8FE7BFF443BDA38D7" box="[407,494,220,239]" captionStart-0="Figs 7–12" captionStart-1="Figs 13–21" captionStartId-0="3.[151,188,1989,2008]" captionStartId-1="4.[151,188,1966,1985]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,1113,1970]" captionTargetBox-1="[156,1436,563,1934]" captionTargetId-0="figure-501@3.[151,1436,1113,1970]" captionTargetId-1="figure-13@4.[151,1437,539,1953]" captionTargetPageId-0="3" captionTargetPageId-1="4" captionText-0="Figs 7–12. Habitats of Nepalese Orius species. 7–8 – full blossom of Quercus semecarpifolia, on which O. ekaii sp. nov. was found, 9 – sweeping inflorescence of Q. semecarpifolia, 10 – Urtica dioica, with two adults of O. paveli sp. nov. (arrows), 11 – Chitwan National Park in southern Nepal, type locality of O. nigromaritus sp. nov., 12 – male flowers of Mallotus philippensis, considered to be breeding host of O. nigromaritus sp. nov." captionText-1="Figs 13–21. Dorsal habitus (13–17), and male (18–19, 21) and female (20) genitalia of Nepalese Orius species. 13–14, 18 – O. nigromaritus sp. nov.: 13 – holotype ♁ (AMNH_PBI 00380639); 14 – ♀; 18 – pygophore with paramere. 15–16, 19–20 – O. paveli sp. nov.: 16 – holotype ♁; 17 – ♀; 19 – pygophore with paramere; 20 – female genital segments with copulatory tube, dorsal view. 17, 21 – O. ekaii sp. nov.: 17 – holotype ♁; 21 – pygophore with paramere. Scale bars: 0.5 mm for 13–17; 0.1 mm for 18–21." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4505382" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4505384" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/4505382/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/4505384/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="396">11–14, 18</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="2BC79ACC940DFFE8FE1BFF44381A38D7" box="[503,558,220,239]" captionStart="Figs 34–45" captionStartId="6.[151,188,2005,2024]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,599,1974]" captionTargetId="figure-13@6.[151,1437,599,1980]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figs 34–45. Scanning electron micrographs of Orius nigromaritus sp. nov. (34–42 – ♁; 43–45 – ♀). 34–36, 44 – anterior body, left lateral view; 37 – protarsus; 38 – metatarsus; 39 – hind leg; 40 – male genital segment with paramere; 41 – basal parts of conus and flagellum; 42, 45 – scent efferent system, 43, left lateral habitus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4505388" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4505388/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="396">34–45</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="2BC79ACC940DFFE8FDDBFF44387938D7" box="[567,589,220,239]" captionStart="Figs 61–65" captionStartId="9.[151,188,1515,1534]" captionTargetBox="[152,1433,197,1492]" captionTargetId="figure-14@9.[151,1436,194,1492]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figs 61–65. Male (61–62, 64) and female genitalia (63, 65) of Nepalese Orius species. 61 – O. ekaii sp. nov., 62–63 – O. nigromaritus sp. nov., 64–65 – O. paveli sp. nov." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4505392" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4505392/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="396">62</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="FBE6D5C2940DFFE8FF7BFE9E3B2F39A6" pageId="5" pageNumber="396" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="B3438649940DFFE8FF7BFE9E38F13951" blockId="5.[151,761,220,414]" pageId="5" pageNumber="396">
<emphasis id="81885A5B940DFFE8FF7BFE9E3B2A3921" bold="true" box="[151,286,262,281]" pageId="5" pageNumber="396">Type material.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="03948C14940DFFE8FEC9FE9E38F13951" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3313397301" collectingDate="2006-11-07" collectingDateMax="2006-11-09" collectingDateMin="2006-11-07" collectionCode="NMTU" collectorName="T. Yasunaga" country="Nepal" latitude="27.535276" location="Machan Wildlife Resort" longLatPrecision="20" longitude="84.73805" municipality="Chitwan National Park" pageId="5" pageNumber="396" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="6C4738EB940DFFE8FEC9FE9E3B4C392F" box="[293,376,262,281]" pageId="5" pageNumber="396" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
: ♁,
<emphasis id="81885A5B940DFFE8FE4EFE9E389C3921" bold="true" box="[418,680,262,281]" pageId="5" pageNumber="396">
<collectingCountry id="CBEBC6D9940DFFE8FE4EFE9E3BD83921" box="[418,492,262,281]" name="Nepal" pageId="5" pageNumber="396">NEPAL</collectingCountry>
: MAKAWANPUR DIST.:
</emphasis>
<collectingMunicipality id="53271C33940DFFE8FD43FE9E3B3B390B" pageId="5" pageNumber="396">Chitwan National Park</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="B623D092940DFFE8FEFBFEB83BD2390B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3B55375F940DFFEAFEE8FF2538333B8D:B623D092940DFFE8FEFBFEB83BD2390B" box="[279,486,288,307]" country="Nepal" latitude="27.535276" longLatPrecision="20" longitude="84.73805" municipality="Chitwan National Park" name="Machan Wildlife Resort" pageId="5" pageNumber="396">Machan Wildlife Resort</location>
,
<geoCoordinate id="D6C8E08E940DFFE8FE02FEB83867390B" box="[494,595,288,307]" degrees="27" direction="north" minutes="32" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="396" precision="15" seconds="07" value="27.535276">27°32′07″N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="D6C8E08E940DFFE8FDB4FEB83889390B" box="[600,701,288,307]" degrees="84" direction="east" minutes="44" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="396" precision="15" seconds="17" value="84.73805">84°44′17″E</geoCoordinate>
, sweep-netting
<specimenCount id="A5FA4DC0940DFFE8FF06FEA33B273976" box="[234,275,315,334]" pageId="5" pageNumber="396" type="male">male</specimenCount>
flowers of
<taxonomicName id="74FCFDCA940DFFE8FE9BFEA33BF73976" box="[375,451,315,334]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Osmeridae" genus="Mallotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osmeriformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="396" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="81885A5B940DFFE8FE9BFEA33BF73976" box="[375,451,315,334]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="396">Mallotus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. (probably
<taxonomicName id="74FCFDCA940DFFE8FDADFEA338F13976" box="[577,709,315,334]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Osmeridae" genus="Mallotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osmeriformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="396" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="philippensis">
<emphasis id="81885A5B940DFFE8FDADFEA338F13976" box="[577,709,315,334]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="396">M. philippensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
),
<date id="C742A089940DFFE8FD34FEA33AC63951" pageId="5" pageNumber="396" value="2006-11-07" valueMax="2006-11-09" valueMin="2006-11-07">
<collectingDate id="D7065961940DFFE8FD34FEA33AC63951" pageId="5" pageNumber="396" value="2006-11-07" valueMax="2006-11-09" valueMin="2006-11-07">7–9 Nov. 2006</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="1E09E39F940DFFE8FF16FECE3B553951" box="[250,353,342,361]" pageId="5" pageNumber="396">T. Yasunaga</collectorName>
et al. (
<collectionCode id="D5ED1E8C940DFFE8FE77FECE3BE83951" box="[411,476,342,361]" pageId="5" pageNumber="396">NMTU</collectionCode>
) (AMNH_PBI 00380639).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B3438649940DFFE8FF7BFEE83B2F39A6" blockId="5.[151,761,220,414]" pageId="5" pageNumber="396">
<emphasis id="81885A5B940DFFE8FF7BFEE8383339BB" bold="true" box="[151,519,368,387]" pageId="5" pageNumber="396">
Additional material examined.
<collectingCountry id="CBEBC6D9940DFFE8FE55FEE8383739BB" box="[441,515,368,387]" name="Nepal" pageId="5" pageNumber="396">NEPAL</collectingCountry>
:
</emphasis>
same data as for
<typeStatus id="6C4738EB940DFFE8FD44FEE838C139BB" box="[680,757,368,387]" pageId="5" pageNumber="396" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
,
<specimenCount id="A5FA4DC0940DFFE8FF7BFE133AF239A6" box="[151,198,391,414]" pageId="5" pageNumber="396" type="female">2 ♀♀</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="D5ED1E8C940DFFE8FF3EFE133B2539A6" box="[210,273,395,414]" pageId="5" pageNumber="396">TYCN</collectionCode>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="FBE6D5C2940DFFE8FF7BFE2E3F51396D" pageId="5" pageNumber="396" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="B3438649940DFFE8FF7BFE2E3F51396D" blockId="5.[151,760,438,589]" lastBlockId="5.[828,1437,190,597]" pageId="5" pageNumber="396">
<emphasis id="81885A5B940DFFE8FF7BFE2E3BB939F5" bold="true" box="[151,397,438,461]" pageId="5" pageNumber="396">Differential diagnosis.</emphasis>
Recognized by its distinct sexual dimorphism (
<figureCitation id="2BC79ACC940DFFE8FEC9FE4E3B5C39D5" box="[293,360,470,493]" captionStart="Figs 1–6" captionStartId="2.[150,187,1997,2016]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,682,1976]" captionTargetId="figure-234@2.[151,1436,680,1978]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figs 1–6. Habitus images of Nepalese Orius species, live individuals. 1–2 – O. ekaii sp. nov., ♁; 3–4 – O. nigromaritus sp. nov. (3 – holotype ♁, AMNH_PBI 00380639; 4 – ♀); 5–6 – O. paveli sp. nov. (5 – ♁; 6 – ♀)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4505380" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4505380/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="396">Figs 3</figureCitation>
vs. 4); very tiny size and shiny black body in male (
<figureCitation id="2BC79ACC940DFFE8FEDFFE6E3B473A35" box="[307,371,502,525]" captionStart="Figs 1–6" captionStartId="2.[150,187,1997,2016]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,682,1976]" captionTargetId="figure-234@2.[151,1436,680,1978]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figs 1–6. Habitus images of Nepalese Orius species, live individuals. 1–2 – O. ekaii sp. nov., ♁; 3–4 – O. nigromaritus sp. nov. (3 – holotype ♁, AMNH_PBI 00380639; 4 – ♀); 5–6 – O. paveli sp. nov. (5 – ♁; 6 – ♀)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4505380" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4505380/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="396">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
); bulbous male antennal segment II; dark femora except for pale extreme apex of metafemur; and generally slender paramere lacking denticule. Similar in tiny size and shape of paramere to
<taxonomicName id="74FCFDCA940DFFE8FB76FF263FA938ED" authority="Yasunaga, 2000" authorityName="Yasunaga" authorityYear="2000" box="[1178,1437,190,213]" class="Insecta" family="Anthocoridae" genus="Orius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="396" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="takaii">
<emphasis id="81885A5B940DFFE8FB76FF263EC738ED" box="[1178,1267,190,213]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="396">O. takaii</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="D76DFBB8940DFFE8FB14FF263FA938ED" author="YASUNAGA T." box="[1272,1437,190,213]" pageId="5" pageNumber="396" pagination="9 - 12" refId="ref7144" refString="YASUNAGA T. 2000: A new species of the genus Orius Wolff (Heteroptera: Anthocoridae) found on Okinawa Island, Japan. Applied Entomology and Zoology 35: 9 - 12." type="journal article" year="2000">Yasunaga, 2000</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
currently known only from
<collectingRegion id="713848AB940DFFE8FBBBFF463E8238CD" box="[1111,1206,222,245]" country="Japan" name="Okinawa" pageId="5" pageNumber="396">Okinawa</collectingRegion>
Island of the Japanese Ryukyus; however, this Ryukyuan species has larger body and slender antennal segment II, and does not exhibit sexual dimorphism in coloration and size (
<bibRefCitation id="D76DFBB8940DFFE8FB41FEA63F6E396D" author="YASUNAGA T." box="[1197,1370,318,341]" pageId="5" pageNumber="396" pagination="9 - 12" refId="ref7144" refString="YASUNAGA T. 2000: A new species of the genus Orius Wolff (Heteroptera: Anthocoridae) found on Okinawa Island, Japan. Applied Entomology and Zoology 35: 9 - 12." type="journal article" year="2000">YASUNAGA 2000</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="FBE6D5C2940DFFEAFCD0FEC63B1039AD" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="398" pageId="5" pageNumber="396" type="description">
<paragraph id="B3438649940DFFEBFCD0FEC63BC13A0D" blockId="5.[828,1437,190,597]" lastBlockId="6.[151,760,190,565]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="397" pageId="5" pageNumber="396">
<emphasis id="81885A5B940DFFE8FCD0FEC63E39394D" bold="true" box="[828,1037,349,373]" pageId="5" pageNumber="396">
Description.
<emphasis id="81885A5B940DFFE8FC23FEC53E39394D" bold="true" box="[975,1037,349,373]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="396">Male.</emphasis>
</emphasis>
Macropterous. Body almost entirely black, very tiny in size; dorsal surface shining, with densely distributed pale, simple, semierect setae. Head shiny fuscous, rather short. Antenna yellowish brown, very short; segment II somewhat bulbous, much shorter than head width across compound eyes, about as long as eye height in lateral view (as in
<figureCitation id="2BC79ACC940DFFE8FBF6FD863E5D3A0D" box="[1050,1129,542,565]" captionStart="Figs 34–45" captionStartId="6.[151,188,2005,2024]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,599,1974]" captionTargetId="figure-13@6.[151,1437,599,1980]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figs 34–45. Scanning electron micrographs of Orius nigromaritus sp. nov. (34–42 – ♁; 43–45 – ♀). 34–36, 44 – anterior body, left lateral view; 37 – protarsus; 38 – metatarsus; 39 – hind leg; 40 – male genital segment with paramere; 41 – basal parts of conus and flagellum; 42, 45 – scent efferent system, 43, left lateral habitus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4505388" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4505388/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="396">Fig. 35</figureCitation>
); segment III slightly shorter than IV. Labium shiny fuscous, reaching but not exceeding apex of procoxa. Pronotum and scutellum uniformly shiny fuscous, with distinct upright corner seta at each angle; calli rather narrow; pleura blackish brown; metathoracic scent efferent system as in
<figureCitation id="2BC79ACC940EFFEBFE9DFE863B89390D" box="[369,445,286,309]" captionStart="Figs 34–45" captionStartId="6.[151,188,2005,2024]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,599,1974]" captionTargetId="figure-13@6.[151,1437,599,1980]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figs 34–45. Scanning electron micrographs of Orius nigromaritus sp. nov. (34–42 – ♁; 43–45 – ♀). 34–36, 44 – anterior body, left lateral view; 37 – protarsus; 38 – metatarsus; 39 – hind leg; 40 – male genital segment with paramere; 41 – basal parts of conus and flagellum; 42, 45 – scent efferent system, 43, left lateral habitus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4505388" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4505388/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="397">Fig. 42</figureCitation>
, with narrow peritreme. Hemelytron uniformly shiny fuscous; membrane pale smoky brown, semitransparent. Coxae and legs almost completely fuscous; protibial teeth rather sparsely and partly irregularly arranged; apex of metafemur narrowly yellow; pretarsal structures as in
<figureCitation id="2BC79ACC940EFFEBFED4FE263B8539ED" box="[312,433,446,469]" captionStart="Figs 34–45" captionStartId="6.[151,188,2005,2024]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,599,1974]" captionTargetId="figure-13@6.[151,1437,599,1980]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figs 34–45. Scanning electron micrographs of Orius nigromaritus sp. nov. (34–42 – ♁; 43–45 – ♀). 34–36, 44 – anterior body, left lateral view; 37 – protarsus; 38 – metatarsus; 39 – hind leg; 40 – male genital segment with paramere; 41 – basal parts of conus and flagellum; 42, 45 – scent efferent system, 43, left lateral habitus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4505388" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4505388/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="397">Figs 37–38</figureCitation>
. Abdomen shiny fuscous. Male genitalia (
<figureCitation id="2BC79ACC940EFFEBFEE8FE463B6E39CD" box="[260,346,478,501]" captionStart="Figs 13–21" captionStartId="4.[151,188,1966,1985]" captionTargetBox="[156,1436,563,1934]" captionTargetId="figure-13@4.[151,1437,539,1953]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figs 13–21. Dorsal habitus (13–17), and male (18–19, 21) and female (20) genitalia of Nepalese Orius species. 13–14, 18 – O. nigromaritus sp. nov.: 13 – holotype ♁ (AMNH_PBI 00380639); 14 – ♀; 18 – pygophore with paramere. 15–16, 19–20 – O. paveli sp. nov.: 16 – holotype ♁; 17 – ♀; 19 – pygophore with paramere; 20 – female genital segments with copulatory tube, dorsal view. 17, 21 – O. ekaii sp. nov.: 17 – holotype ♁; 21 – pygophore with paramere. Scale bars: 0.5 mm for 13–17; 0.1 mm for 18–21." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4505384" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4505384/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="397">Figs 18</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="2BC79ACC940EFFEBFE85FE463B8439CD" box="[361,432,478,501]" captionStart="Figs 34–45" captionStartId="6.[151,188,2005,2024]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,599,1974]" captionTargetId="figure-13@6.[151,1437,599,1980]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figs 34–45. Scanning electron micrographs of Orius nigromaritus sp. nov. (34–42 – ♁; 43–45 – ♀). 34–36, 44 – anterior body, left lateral view; 37 – protarsus; 38 – metatarsus; 39 – hind leg; 40 – male genital segment with paramere; 41 – basal parts of conus and flagellum; 42, 45 – scent efferent system, 43, left lateral habitus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4505388" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4505388/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="397">40–41</figureCitation>
): Paramere C-shaped, lacking denticule (
<figureCitation id="2BC79ACC940EFFEBFEE5FE663B6E3A2D" box="[265,346,510,533]" captionStart="Figs 34–45" captionStartId="6.[151,188,2005,2024]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,599,1974]" captionTargetId="figure-13@6.[151,1437,599,1980]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figs 34–45. Scanning electron micrographs of Orius nigromaritus sp. nov. (34–42 – ♁; 43–45 – ♀). 34–36, 44 – anterior body, left lateral view; 37 – protarsus; 38 – metatarsus; 39 – hind leg; 40 – male genital segment with paramere; 41 – basal parts of conus and flagellum; 42, 45 – scent efferent system, 43, left lateral habitus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4505388" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4505388/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="397">Fig. 40</figureCitation>
); conus sulcate apically (
<figureCitation id="2BC79ACC940EFFEBFD80FE6638F43A2D" box="[620,704,510,533]" captionStart="Figs 34–45" captionStartId="6.[151,188,2005,2024]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,599,1974]" captionTargetId="figure-13@6.[151,1437,599,1980]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figs 34–45. Scanning electron micrographs of Orius nigromaritus sp. nov. (34–42 – ♁; 43–45 – ♀). 34–36, 44 – anterior body, left lateral view; 37 – protarsus; 38 – metatarsus; 39 – hind leg; 40 – male genital segment with paramere; 41 – basal parts of conus and flagellum; 42, 45 – scent efferent system, 43, left lateral habitus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4505388" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4505388/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="397">Figs 41</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="2BC79ACC940EFFEBFD21FE6638DF3A2D" box="[717,747,510,533]" captionStart="Figs 61–65" captionStartId="9.[151,188,1515,1534]" captionTargetBox="[152,1433,197,1492]" captionTargetId="figure-14@9.[151,1436,194,1492]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figs 61–65. Male (61–62, 64) and female genitalia (63, 65) of Nepalese Orius species. 61 – O. ekaii sp. nov., 62–63 – O. nigromaritus sp. nov., 64–65 – O. paveli sp. nov." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4505392" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4505392/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="397">62</figureCitation>
); basal 1/4 of flagellum thickened.
</paragraph>
<caption id="E783D6C1940DFFE8FF7BF84F3B5D3027" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4505386" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4505386" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4505386/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="396" startId="5.[151,188,2007,2026]" targetBox="[151,1436,618,1985]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="B3438649940DFFE8FF7BF84F3B5D3027" blockId="5.[151,1437,2000,2079]" pageId="5" pageNumber="396">
Figs 22–33. Scanning electron micrographs of
<taxonomicName id="74FCFDCA940DFFE8FDC4F84F38B33FD2" authority="Yasunaga &amp; Yamada &amp; Duwal, 2019" authorityName="Yasunaga &amp; Yamada &amp; Duwal" authorityYear="2019" box="[552,647,2007,2026]" class="Insecta" family="Anthocoridae" genus="Orius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="396" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ekaii" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="81885A5B940DFFE8FDC4F84F38B33FD2" box="[552,647,2007,2026]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="396">Orius ekaii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="9ABBE720940DFFE8FD61F84F38E43FD2" box="[653,720,2007,2026]" pageId="5" pageNumber="396" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(22–30, 33 – ♁; 31–32 – ♀). 22–23, 25 – anterior body, left lateral view; 24, 32–33 – metathoracic scent efferent system: 25 – protibia, 26 – protarsi, 27 – metatarsus; 28–29 – male genital segment with paramere, 30 – evaporative area of scent efferent system.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="B3438649940EFFEBFCB6FF253F4339AD" blockId="6.[828,1437,189,565]" pageId="6" pageNumber="397">
<emphasis id="81885A5B940EFFEBFCB6FF25398638ED" bold="true" box="[858,946,189,213]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="397">Female.</emphasis>
Macropterous. Color pattern as in conventional
<taxonomicName id="74FCFDCA940EFFEBFCD0FF46394D38CD" authorityName=": PERICART" authorityYear="1972" box="[828,889,222,245]" class="Insecta" family="Anthocoridae" genus="Orius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="397" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="81885A5B940EFFEBFCD0FF46394D38CD" box="[828,889,222,245]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="397">Orius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species and body generally paler and obviously larger than male; antenna slender; labium shiny pale brown; peritreme of metathoracic scent efferent system narrow (
<figureCitation id="2BC79ACC940EFFEBFCA8FEA639A4396D" box="[836,912,318,341]" captionStart="Figs 34–45" captionStartId="6.[151,188,2005,2024]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,599,1974]" captionTargetId="figure-13@6.[151,1437,599,1980]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figs 34–45. Scanning electron micrographs of Orius nigromaritus sp. nov. (34–42 – ♁; 43–45 – ♀). 34–36, 44 – anterior body, left lateral view; 37 – protarsus; 38 – metatarsus; 39 – hind leg; 40 – male genital segment with paramere; 41 – basal parts of conus and flagellum; 42, 45 – scent efferent system, 43, left lateral habitus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4505388" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4505388/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="397">Fig. 45</figureCitation>
; hemelytron widely pale brown except for fuscous cuneus. Female genitalia (
<figureCitation id="2BC79ACC940EFFEBFBB9FEC63E91394D" box="[1109,1189,350,373]" captionStart="Figs 61–65" captionStartId="9.[151,188,1515,1534]" captionTargetBox="[152,1433,197,1492]" captionTargetId="figure-14@9.[151,1436,194,1492]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figs 61–65. Male (61–62, 64) and female genitalia (63, 65) of Nepalese Orius species. 61 – O. ekaii sp. nov., 62–63 – O. nigromaritus sp. nov., 64–65 – O. paveli sp. nov." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4505392" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4505392/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="397">Fig. 63</figureCitation>
): Copulatory tube tiny, rather bulbous, with apical segment cleft, or grooved.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B3438649940EFFEAFCD0FE063B9338ED" blockId="6.[828,1437,189,565]" lastBlockId="7.[151,760,190,949]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="398" pageId="6" pageNumber="397">
<emphasis id="81885A5B940EFFEBFCD0FE0639D7398D" bold="true" box="[828,995,414,437]" pageId="6" pageNumber="397">Measurements</emphasis>
(mm).
<emphasis id="81885A5B940EFFEBFBD5FE063E44398D" box="[1081,1136,414,437]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="397">Male</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus id="6C4738EB940EFFEBFB6DFE063ED1398D" box="[1153,1253,414,437]" pageId="6" pageNumber="397" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
). Total length of body 1.29; head width across compound eyes 0.30; lengths of antennal segments I – 0.07, II – 0.17, III – 0.11, IV – 0.13; basal width of pronotum 0.58; maximum width across hemelytron 0.59; and lengths of metafemur 0.37, metatibia 0.38 and metatarsus 0.11.
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B3438649940EFFEBFF7BF84D3BAA3026" blockId="6.[151,1436,1999,2078]" pageId="6" pageNumber="397">
Figs 34–45. Scanning electron micrographs of
<taxonomicName id="74FCFDCA940EFFEBFDC3F84D38E13FD0" authority="Yasunaga &amp; Yamada &amp; Duwal, 2019" authorityName="Yasunaga &amp; Yamada &amp; Duwal" authorityYear="2019" box="[559,725,2005,2024]" class="Insecta" family="Anthocoridae" genus="Orius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="397" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigromaritus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="81885A5B940EFFEBFDC3F84D38E13FD0" box="[559,725,2005,2024]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="397">Orius nigromaritus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="9ABBE720940EFFEBFD37F84D392B3FD0" box="[731,799,2005,2024]" pageId="6" pageNumber="397" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(34–42 – ♁; 43–45 – ♀). 34–36, 44 – anterior body, left lateral view; 37 – protarsus; 38 – metatarsus; 39 – hind leg; 40 – male genital segment with paramere; 41 – basal parts of conus and flagellum; 42, 45 – scent efferent system, 43, left lateral habitus.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="B3438649940FFFEAFF59FF463B1039AD" blockId="7.[151,760,190,949]" pageId="7" pageNumber="398">
<emphasis id="81885A5B940FFFEAFF59FF463B3138CD" box="[181,261,222,245]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="398">Female</emphasis>
(n=1). Total length of body 1.62; head width across compound eyes 0.32; lengths of antennal segments I – 0.10, II – 0.19, III – 0.17, IV – 0.18; basal width of pronotum 0.66; maximum width across hemelytron 0.71; and lengths of metafemur 0.46, metatibia 0.48, and metatarsus 0.11.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="FBE6D5C2940FFFEAFF7BFE06384D39CD" pageId="7" pageNumber="398" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="B3438649940FFFEAFF7BFE06384D39CD" blockId="7.[151,760,190,949]" pageId="7" pageNumber="398">
<emphasis id="81885A5B940FFFEAFF7BFE063B2E398D" bold="true" box="[151,282,414,437]" pageId="7" pageNumber="398">Etymology.</emphasis>
From Latin,
<taxonomicName id="74FCFDCA940FFFEAFE59FE063BDB398D" authorityName="Wolff" authorityYear="1811" box="[437,495,414,437]" class="Insecta" family="Anthocoridae" genus="Orius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="398" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niger">
<emphasis id="81885A5B940FFFEAFE59FE063BDB398D" box="[437,495,414,437]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="398">niger</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(black) combined with
<emphasis id="81885A5B940FFFEAFF7BFE263ADC39ED" box="[151,232,446,469]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="398">maritus</emphasis>
(husband, man, male), indicating the black male adult of this new species; noun in apposition.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="FBE6D5C2940FFFEAFF7BFE663B233A8D" pageId="7" pageNumber="398" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="B3438649940FFFEAFF7BFE663B233A8D" blockId="7.[151,760,190,949]" pageId="7" pageNumber="398">
<emphasis id="81885A5B940FFFEAFF7BFE663AC73A2D" bold="true" box="[151,243,510,533]" pageId="7" pageNumber="398">Biology.</emphasis>
This anthocorid was found from inflorescence of
<taxonomicName id="74FCFDCA940FFFEAFF58FD863B273A0D" box="[180,275,542,565]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Osmeridae" genus="Mallotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osmeriformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="398" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="81885A5B940FFFEAFF58FD863B273A0D" box="[180,275,542,565]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="398">Mallotus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. (
<taxonomicName id="74FCFDCA940FFFEAFEAAFD863BDF3A0D" box="[326,491,542,565]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="7" pageNumber="398" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Euphorbiaceae</taxonomicName>
), most probably identical to
<taxonomicName id="74FCFDCA940FFFEAFF58FDA6381D3A6D" authority="(Lam.) Muell. Arg." authorityName="Muell. Arg." baseAuthorityName="Lam." box="[180,553,574,597]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Osmeridae" genus="Mallotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osmeriformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="398" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="philippensis">
<emphasis id="81885A5B940FFFEAFF58FDA63B6E3A6D" box="[180,346,574,597]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="398">M. philippensis</emphasis>
(Lam.) Muell.Arg.
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="2BC79ACC940FFFEAFDD4FDA638B23A6D" box="[568,646,574,597]" captionStart="Figs 7–12" captionStartId="3.[151,188,1989,2008]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1113,1970]" captionTargetId="figure-501@3.[151,1436,1113,1970]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figs 7–12. Habitats of Nepalese Orius species. 7–8 – full blossom of Quercus semecarpifolia, on which O. ekaii sp. nov. was found, 9 – sweeping inflorescence of Q. semecarpifolia, 10 – Urtica dioica, with two adults of O. paveli sp. nov. (arrows), 11 – Chitwan National Park in southern Nepal, type locality of O. nigromaritus sp. nov., 12 – male flowers of Mallotus philippensis, considered to be breeding host of O. nigromaritus sp. nov." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4505382" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4505382/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="398">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
) grown in southern plain (subtropical climate zone) of
<collectingCountry id="CBEBC6D9940FFFEAFD90FDC638883A4D" box="[636,700,606,629]" name="Nepal" pageId="7" pageNumber="398">Nepal</collectingCountry>
(
<figureCitation id="2BC79ACC940FFFEAFD20FDC63A873AAD" captionStart="Figs 7–12" captionStartId="3.[151,188,1989,2008]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1113,1970]" captionTargetId="figure-501@3.[151,1436,1113,1970]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figs 7–12. Habitats of Nepalese Orius species. 7–8 – full blossom of Quercus semecarpifolia, on which O. ekaii sp. nov. was found, 9 – sweeping inflorescence of Q. semecarpifolia, 10 – Urtica dioica, with two adults of O. paveli sp. nov. (arrows), 11 – Chitwan National Park in southern Nepal, type locality of O. nigromaritus sp. nov., 12 – male flowers of Mallotus philippensis, considered to be breeding host of O. nigromaritus sp. nov." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4505382" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4505382/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="398">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
). No other information on its feeding habit or life cycle is available.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="FBE6D5C2940FFFEAFF7BFD2638333B8D" pageId="7" pageNumber="398" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="B3438649940FFFEAFF7BFD2638333B8D" blockId="7.[151,760,190,949]" pageId="7" pageNumber="398">
<emphasis id="81885A5B940FFFEAFF7BFD263B2D3AED" bold="true" box="[151,281,702,725]" pageId="7" pageNumber="398">Comments.</emphasis>
Two available female specimens (collected together with the
<typeStatus id="6C4738EB940FFFEAFEBCFD463B993ACD" box="[336,429,734,757]" pageId="7" pageNumber="398" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
male but herein excluded from the type series) are currently regarded to represent this new species, based on a concordance in shape of the metathoracic scent efferent system (
<figureCitation id="2BC79ACC940FFFEAFE29FCA638203B6D" box="[453,532,830,853]" captionStart="Figs 34–45" captionStartId="6.[151,188,2005,2024]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,599,1974]" captionTargetId="figure-13@6.[151,1437,599,1980]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figs 34–45. Scanning electron micrographs of Orius nigromaritus sp. nov. (34–42 – ♁; 43–45 – ♀). 34–36, 44 – anterior body, left lateral view; 37 – protarsus; 38 – metatarsus; 39 – hind leg; 40 – male genital segment with paramere; 41 – basal parts of conus and flagellum; 42, 45 – scent efferent system, 43, left lateral habitus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4505388" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4505388/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="398">Fig. 45</figureCitation>
) and color pattern of the legs (
<figureCitation id="2BC79ACC940FFFEAFF16FCC63B093B4D" box="[250,317,862,885]" captionStart="Figs 1–6" captionStartId="2.[150,187,1997,2016]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,682,1976]" captionTargetId="figure-234@2.[151,1436,680,1978]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figs 1–6. Habitus images of Nepalese Orius species, live individuals. 1–2 – O. ekaii sp. nov., ♁; 3–4 – O. nigromaritus sp. nov. (3 – holotype ♁, AMNH_PBI 00380639; 4 – ♀); 5–6 – O. paveli sp. nov. (5 – ♁; 6 – ♀)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4505380" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4505380/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="398">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
). Nonetheless, a definitive treatment will depend on acquisition of sufficient material and evidence through further field investigation.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

323
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(
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<emphasis id="81885A5B940FFFEAFE3AFC4538233BCD" bold="true" box="[470,535,989,1013]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="398">paveli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="9ABBE720940FFFEAFDF2FC4638403BCD" box="[542,628,990,1013]" pageId="7" pageNumber="398" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="FBE6D5C2940FFFEAFEE7FC6438B03C37" box="[267,644,1020,1039]" pageId="7" pageNumber="398" type="description">
<paragraph id="B3438649940FFFEAFEE7FC6438B03C37" blockId="7.[151,760,1020,1268]" box="[267,644,1020,1039]" pageId="7" pageNumber="398">
(
<figureCitation id="2BC79ACC940FFFEAFEFDFC643B6A3C37" box="[273,350,1020,1039]" captionStart="Figs 1–6" captionStartId="2.[150,187,1997,2016]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,682,1976]" captionTargetId="figure-234@2.[151,1436,680,1978]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figs 1–6. Habitus images of Nepalese Orius species, live individuals. 1–2 – O. ekaii sp. nov., ♁; 3–4 – O. nigromaritus sp. nov. (3 – holotype ♁, AMNH_PBI 00380639; 4 – ♀); 5–6 – O. paveli sp. nov. (5 – ♁; 6 – ♀)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4505380" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4505380/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="398">Figs 5–6</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="2BC79ACC940FFFEAFE8BFC643B4A3C37" box="[359,382,1020,1039]" captionStart="Figs 7–12" captionStartId="3.[151,188,1989,2008]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1113,1970]" captionTargetId="figure-501@3.[151,1436,1113,1970]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figs 7–12. Habitats of Nepalese Orius species. 7–8 – full blossom of Quercus semecarpifolia, on which O. ekaii sp. nov. was found, 9 – sweeping inflorescence of Q. semecarpifolia, 10 – Urtica dioica, with two adults of O. paveli sp. nov. (arrows), 11 – Chitwan National Park in southern Nepal, type locality of O. nigromaritus sp. nov., 12 – male flowers of Mallotus philippensis, considered to be breeding host of O. nigromaritus sp. nov." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4505382" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4505382/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="398">10</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="2BC79ACC940FFFEAFE6BFC643BCB3C37" box="[391,511,1020,1039]" captionStart="Figs 13–21" captionStartId="4.[151,188,1966,1985]" captionTargetBox="[156,1436,563,1934]" captionTargetId="figure-13@4.[151,1437,539,1953]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figs 13–21. Dorsal habitus (13–17), and male (18–19, 21) and female (20) genitalia of Nepalese Orius species. 13–14, 18 – O. nigromaritus sp. nov.: 13 – holotype ♁ (AMNH_PBI 00380639); 14 – ♀; 18 – pygophore with paramere. 15–16, 19–20 – O. paveli sp. nov.: 16 – holotype ♁; 17 – ♀; 19 – pygophore with paramere; 20 – female genital segments with copulatory tube, dorsal view. 17, 21 – O. ekaii sp. nov.: 17 – holotype ♁; 21 – pygophore with paramere. Scale bars: 0.5 mm for 13–17; 0.1 mm for 18–21." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4505384" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4505384/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="398">15–16, 19–20</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="2BC79ACC940FFFEAFDEBFC64380B3C37" box="[519,575,1020,1039]" captionStart="Figs 46–60" captionStartId="8.[151,188,1996,2015]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,191,1829]" captionTargetId="figure-13@8.[151,1437,191,1829]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figs 46–60. Scanning electron micrographs of Orius paveli sp. nov. (46–51 – ♀; 52–60 – ♁). 46 – whole body, left lateral view, 47–49, 52 – anterior body, left lateral view, 50 – pleura, left lateral view, 51, 53–54 – metathoracic scent efferent system, 55 – protibia, 56 – protarsus, 57 – metatarsus, 58–59 – pygophore with paramere, 60 – conus and base of flagellum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4505390" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4505390/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="398">46–60</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="2BC79ACC940FFFEAFDABFC64384A3C37" box="[583,638,1020,1039]" captionStart="Figs 61–65" captionStartId="9.[151,188,1515,1534]" captionTargetBox="[152,1433,197,1492]" captionTargetId="figure-14@9.[151,1436,194,1492]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figs 61–65. Male (61–62, 64) and female genitalia (63, 65) of Nepalese Orius species. 61 – O. ekaii sp. nov., 62–63 – O. nigromaritus sp. nov., 64–65 – O. paveli sp. nov." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4505392" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4505392/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="398">64–65</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="FBE6D5C2940FFFEAFF7BFBBE3BC23CCC" pageId="7" pageNumber="398" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="B3438649940FFFEAFF7BFBBE3BC23CCC" blockId="7.[151,760,1020,1268]" pageId="7" pageNumber="398">
<emphasis id="81885A5B940FFFEAFF7BFBBE3B2F3C01" bold="true" box="[151,283,1062,1081]" pageId="7" pageNumber="398">Type material.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="03948C14940FFFEAFECCFBBE3B463CB1" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3313397303" collectingDate="2016-06-08" collectionCode="NMTU" collectorName="T. Yasunaga" country="Nepal" elevation="2500" latitude="28.161943" location="Lama Hotel" longLatPrecision="20" longitude="85.430275" municipality="Langtang Himal National Park" pageId="7" pageNumber="398" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="6C4738EB940FFFEAFECCFBBE3B473C0F" box="[288,371,1062,1081]" pageId="7" pageNumber="398" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
: ♁,
<emphasis id="81885A5B940FFFEAFE74FBBE385C3C01" bold="true" box="[408,616,1062,1081]" pageId="7" pageNumber="398">
<collectingCountry id="CBEBC6D9940FFFEAFE74FBBE3BD63C01" box="[408,482,1062,1081]" name="Nepal" pageId="7" pageNumber="398">NEPAL</collectingCountry>
: RASUWA DIST.:
</emphasis>
<collectingMunicipality id="53271C33940FFFEAFD81FBBE3B393C6C" pageId="7" pageNumber="398">Langtang Himal National Park</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="B623D092940FFFEAFEF8FBD93B4E3C6C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3B55375F940FFFEAFEF7FC453E33302D:B623D092940FFFEAFEF8FBD93B4E3C6C" box="[276,378,1089,1108]" country="Nepal" latitude="28.161943" longLatPrecision="20" longitude="85.430275" municipality="Langtang Himal National Park" name="Lama Hotel" pageId="7" pageNumber="398">Lama Hotel</location>
,
<quantity id="74042BAC940FFFEAFE6DFBD93BF23C6C" box="[385,454,1089,1108]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="7" pageNumber="398" unit="m" value="2500.0">
<elevation id="38D1617A940FFFEAFE6DFBD93BF23C6C" box="[385,454,1089,1108]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="7" pageNumber="398" unit="m" value="2500.0">2,500 m</elevation>
</quantity>
alt.,
<geoCoordinate id="D6C8E08E940FFFEAFE01FBD938663C6C" box="[493,594,1089,1108]" degrees="28" direction="north" minutes="09" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="398" precision="15" seconds="43" value="28.161943">28°09′43″N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="D6C8E08E940FFFEAFDBAFBD9388F3C6C" box="[598,699,1089,1108]" degrees="85" direction="east" minutes="25" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="398" precision="15" seconds="49" value="85.430275">85°25′49″E</geoCoordinate>
, leaves and stems of
<taxonomicName id="74FCFDCA940FFFEAFEE8FBC33B083C56" box="[260,316,1115,1134]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" genus="Urtica" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="7" pageNumber="398" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="81885A5B940FFFEAFEE8FBC33B083C56" box="[260,316,1115,1134]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="398">
<location id="B623D092940FFFEAFEE8FBC33B083C56" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3B55375F940FFFEAFEF7FC453E33302D:B623D092940FFFEAFEE8FBC33B083C56" box="[260,316,1115,1134]" country="Nepal" latitude="28.161943" longLatPrecision="20" longitude="85.430275" municipality="Langtang Himal National Park" name="Urtica" pageId="7" pageNumber="398">Urtica</location>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(prob.)
<taxonomicName id="74FCFDCA940FFFEAFE92FBC33B873C56" box="[382,435,1115,1134]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" genus="Urtica" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="7" pageNumber="398" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dioica">
<emphasis id="81885A5B940FFFEAFE92FBC33B873C56" box="[382,435,1115,1134]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="398">dioica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L.,
<date id="C742A089940FFFEAFE3FFBC3380E3C56" box="[467,570,1115,1134]" pageId="7" pageNumber="398" value="2016-06-08">
<collectingDate id="D7065961940FFFEAFE3FFBC3380E3C56" box="[467,570,1115,1134]" pageId="7" pageNumber="398" value="2016-06-08">8 June 2016</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="1E09E39F940FFFEAFDADFBC338933C56" box="[577,679,1115,1134]" pageId="7" pageNumber="398">T.Yasunaga</collectorName>
(
<collectionCode id="D5ED1E8C940FFFEAFD5CFBC338C53C56" box="[688,753,1115,1134]" pageId="7" pageNumber="398">NMTU</collectionCode>
) (AMNH_PBI 00380640).
</materialsCitation>
<typeStatus id="6C4738EB940FFFEAFE98FBEE3BFF3CBF" box="[372,459,1142,1161]" pageId="7" pageNumber="398" type="paratype">PARATYPES</typeStatus>
:
<emphasis id="81885A5B940FFFEAFE39FBEE38973CB1" bold="true" box="[469,675,1142,1161]" pageId="7" pageNumber="398">
<collectingCountry id="CBEBC6D9940FFFEAFE39FBEE382B3CB1" box="[469,543,1142,1161]" name="Nepal" pageId="7" pageNumber="398">NEPAL</collectingCountry>
: RASUWA DIST.:
</emphasis>
Langtang Himal National Park, same data as for
<typeStatus id="6C4738EB940FFFEAFE0DFB09381A3C9C" box="[481,558,1169,1188]" pageId="7" pageNumber="398" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, 2 ♁♁
<specimenCount id="A5FA4DC0940FFFEAFD87FB0938903C9C" box="[619,676,1165,1188]" pageId="7" pageNumber="398" type="female">16 ♀♀</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="D5ED1E8C940FFFEAFD5CFB0938C13C9C" box="[688,757,1169,1188]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="7" pageNumber="398">AMNH</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="D5ED1E8C940FFFEAFF7BFB333AE23C86" box="[151,214,1195,1214]" pageId="7" pageNumber="398">TKPM</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="D5ED1E8C940FFFEAFF0EFB333B163C86" box="[226,290,1195,1214]" pageId="7" pageNumber="398">TYCN</collectionCode>
); Syabru Besi~Bamboo,
<geoCoordinate id="D6C8E08E940FFFEAFDE5FB3338473C86" box="[521,627,1195,1214]" degrees="28" direction="north" minutes="09" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="398" precision="15" seconds="56" value="28.165556">28°09′56″N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="D6C8E08E940FFFEAFD90FB3338D73C86" box="[636,739,1195,1214]" degrees="85" direction="east" minutes="20" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="398" precision="15" seconds="34" value="85.34278">85°20′34″E</geoCoordinate>
~
<geoCoordinate id="D6C8E08E940FFFEAFF7BFB5E3AC93CE1" box="[151,253,1222,1241]" degrees="28" direction="north" minutes="09" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="398" precision="15" seconds="18" value="28.154999">28°09′18″N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="D6C8E08E940FFFEAFEE9FB5E3B5F3CE1" box="[261,363,1222,1241]" degrees="85" direction="east" minutes="23" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="398" precision="15" seconds="52" value="85.39777">85°23′52″E</geoCoordinate>
, sweep-netting
<taxonomicName id="74FCFDCA940FFFEAFE1BFB5E381B3CE1" box="[503,559,1222,1241]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" genus="Urtica" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="7" pageNumber="398" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="81885A5B940FFFEAFE1BFB5E381B3CE1" box="[503,559,1222,1241]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="398">Urtica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(prob.)
<taxonomicName id="74FCFDCA940FFFEAFD96FB5E38843CE1" box="[634,688,1222,1241]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" genus="Urtica" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="7" pageNumber="398" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dioica">
<emphasis id="81885A5B940FFFEAFD96FB5E38843CE1" box="[634,688,1222,1241]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="398">dioica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<date id="C742A089940FFFEAFD52FB5E3AF03CCC" pageId="7" pageNumber="398" value="2006-06-02">2 June 2006</date>
, T. Yasunaga, 2 ♁♁
<specimenCount id="A5FA4DC0940FFFEAFE9FFB793B963CCC" box="[371,418,1245,1268]" pageId="7" pageNumber="398" type="female">3 ♀♀</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="D5ED1E8C940FFFEAFE41FB793BD83CCC" box="[429,492,1249,1268]" pageId="7" pageNumber="398">TYCN</collectionCode>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="FBE6D5C2940FFFEAFF7BFA943B363F7B" pageId="7" pageNumber="398" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="B3438649940FFFEAFF7BFA943B363F7B" blockId="7.[151,760,1292,2083]" pageId="7" pageNumber="398">
<emphasis id="81885A5B940FFFEAFF7BFA943BBE3D1B" bold="true" box="[151,394,1292,1315]" pageId="7" pageNumber="398">Differential diagnosis.</emphasis>
Recognized by its chocolate brown general coloration; a distinct spine on posterior margin of episternum (
<figureCitation id="2BC79ACC940FFFEAFEF1FAD43B5A3D5B" box="[285,366,1356,1379]" captionStart="Figs 46–60" captionStartId="8.[151,188,1996,2015]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,191,1829]" captionTargetId="figure-13@8.[151,1437,191,1829]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figs 46–60. Scanning electron micrographs of Orius paveli sp. nov. (46–51 – ♀; 52–60 – ♁). 46 – whole body, left lateral view, 47–49, 52 – anterior body, left lateral view, 50 – pleura, left lateral view, 51, 53–54 – metathoracic scent efferent system, 55 – protibia, 56 – protarsus, 57 – metatarsus, 58–59 – pygophore with paramere, 60 – conus and base of flagellum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4505390" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4505390/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="398">Fig. 50</figureCitation>
); developed evaporative area widely occupying metathoracic scent efferent system (
<figureCitation id="2BC79ACC940FFFEAFD71FAF43A813D9B" captionStart="Figs 46–60" captionStartId="8.[151,188,1996,2015]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,191,1829]" captionTargetId="figure-13@8.[151,1437,191,1829]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figs 46–60. Scanning electron micrographs of Orius paveli sp. nov. (46–51 – ♀; 52–60 – ♁). 46 – whole body, left lateral view, 47–49, 52 – anterior body, left lateral view, 50 – pleura, left lateral view, 51, 53–54 – metathoracic scent efferent system, 55 – protibia, 56 – protarsus, 57 – metatarsus, 58–59 – pygophore with paramere, 60 – conus and base of flagellum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4505390" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4505390/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="398">Figs 51, 54</figureCitation>
); dark femora with pale apices (
<figureCitation id="2BC79ACC940FFFEAFE12FA1438693D9B" box="[510,605,1420,1443]" captionStart="Figs 1–6" captionStartId="2.[150,187,1997,2016]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,682,1976]" captionTargetId="figure-234@2.[151,1436,680,1978]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figs 1–6. Habitus images of Nepalese Orius species, live individuals. 1–2 – O. ekaii sp. nov., ♁; 3–4 – O. nigromaritus sp. nov. (3 – holotype ♁, AMNH_PBI 00380639; 4 – ♀); 5–6 – O. paveli sp. nov. (5 – ♁; 6 – ♀)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4505380" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4505380/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="398">Figs 5–6</figureCitation>
); unique shape of pygophore (with a bundle of remarkable spines as in
<figureCitation id="2BC79ACC940FFFEAFF7BFA543AD33DDB" box="[151,231,1484,1507]" captionStart="Figs 13–21" captionStartId="4.[151,188,1966,1985]" captionTargetBox="[156,1436,563,1934]" captionTargetId="figure-13@4.[151,1437,539,1953]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figs 13–21. Dorsal habitus (13–17), and male (18–19, 21) and female (20) genitalia of Nepalese Orius species. 13–14, 18 – O. nigromaritus sp. nov.: 13 – holotype ♁ (AMNH_PBI 00380639); 14 – ♀; 18 – pygophore with paramere. 15–16, 19–20 – O. paveli sp. nov.: 16 – holotype ♁; 17 – ♀; 19 – pygophore with paramere; 20 – female genital segments with copulatory tube, dorsal view. 17, 21 – O. ekaii sp. nov.: 17 – holotype ♁; 21 – pygophore with paramere. Scale bars: 0.5 mm for 13–17; 0.1 mm for 18–21." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4505384" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4505384/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="398">Figs 19</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="2BC79ACC940FFFEAFF1DFA543B3A3DDB" box="[241,270,1484,1507]" captionStart="Figs 46–60" captionStartId="8.[151,188,1996,2015]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,191,1829]" captionTargetId="figure-13@8.[151,1437,191,1829]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figs 46–60. Scanning electron micrographs of Orius paveli sp. nov. (46–51 – ♀; 52–60 – ♁). 46 – whole body, left lateral view, 47–49, 52 – anterior body, left lateral view, 50 – pleura, left lateral view, 51, 53–54 – metathoracic scent efferent system, 55 – protibia, 56 – protarsus, 57 – metatarsus, 58–59 – pygophore with paramere, 60 – conus and base of flagellum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4505390" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4505390/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="398">59</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="2BC79ACC940FFFEAFEFBFA543B013DDB" box="[279,309,1484,1507]" captionStart="Figs 61–65" captionStartId="9.[151,188,1515,1534]" captionTargetBox="[152,1433,197,1492]" captionTargetId="figure-14@9.[151,1436,194,1492]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figs 61–65. Male (61–62, 64) and female genitalia (63, 65) of Nepalese Orius species. 61 – O. ekaii sp. nov., 62–63 – O. nigromaritus sp. nov., 64–65 – O. paveli sp. nov." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4505392" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4505392/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="398">64</figureCitation>
); long flagellum of paramere (
<figureCitation id="2BC79ACC940FFFEAFD9EFA5438F73DDB" box="[626,707,1484,1507]" captionStart="Figs 46–60" captionStartId="8.[151,188,1996,2015]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,191,1829]" captionTargetId="figure-13@8.[151,1437,191,1829]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figs 46–60. Scanning electron micrographs of Orius paveli sp. nov. (46–51 – ♀; 52–60 – ♁). 46 – whole body, left lateral view, 47–49, 52 – anterior body, left lateral view, 50 – pleura, left lateral view, 51, 53–54 – metathoracic scent efferent system, 55 – protibia, 56 – protarsus, 57 – metatarsus, 58–59 – pygophore with paramere, 60 – conus and base of flagellum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4505390" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4505390/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="398">Figs 59</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="2BC79ACC940FFFEAFD21FA5438DF3DDB" box="[717,747,1484,1507]" captionStart="Figs 61–65" captionStartId="9.[151,188,1515,1534]" captionTargetBox="[152,1433,197,1492]" captionTargetId="figure-14@9.[151,1436,194,1492]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figs 61–65. Male (61–62, 64) and female genitalia (63, 65) of Nepalese Orius species. 61 – O. ekaii sp. nov., 62–63 – O. nigromaritus sp. nov., 64–65 – O. paveli sp. nov." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4505392" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4505392/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="398">64</figureCitation>
); and subapically inflated, gourd-like copulatory tube with a bottle-lid-shaped apex (
<figureCitation id="2BC79ACC940FFFEAFE4BF9943BCE3E1B" box="[423,506,1548,1571]" captionStart="Figs 13–21" captionStartId="4.[151,188,1966,1985]" captionTargetBox="[156,1436,563,1934]" captionTargetId="figure-13@4.[151,1437,539,1953]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figs 13–21. Dorsal habitus (13–17), and male (18–19, 21) and female (20) genitalia of Nepalese Orius species. 13–14, 18 – O. nigromaritus sp. nov.: 13 – holotype ♁ (AMNH_PBI 00380639); 14 – ♀; 18 – pygophore with paramere. 15–16, 19–20 – O. paveli sp. nov.: 16 – holotype ♁; 17 – ♀; 19 – pygophore with paramere; 20 – female genital segments with copulatory tube, dorsal view. 17, 21 – O. ekaii sp. nov.: 17 – holotype ♁; 21 – pygophore with paramere. Scale bars: 0.5 mm for 13–17; 0.1 mm for 18–21." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4505384" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4505384/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="398">Figs 20</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="2BC79ACC940FFFEAFDEAF99438103E1B" box="[518,548,1548,1571]" captionStart="Figs 61–65" captionStartId="9.[151,188,1515,1534]" captionTargetBox="[152,1433,197,1492]" captionTargetId="figure-14@9.[151,1436,194,1492]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figs 61–65. Male (61–62, 64) and female genitalia (63, 65) of Nepalese Orius species. 61 – O. ekaii sp. nov., 62–63 – O. nigromaritus sp. nov., 64–65 – O. paveli sp. nov." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4505392" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4505392/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="398">65</figureCitation>
). Externally similar to species of the subgenus
<taxonomicName id="74FCFDCA940FFFEAFE28F9B438073E7B" authorityName="Yasunaga" authorityYear="1997" box="[452,563,1580,1603]" class="Insecta" family="Anthocoridae" genus="Trichorius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="398" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="81885A5B940FFFEAFE28F9B438073E7B" box="[452,563,1580,1603]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="398">Trichorius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; this new species can be distinguished by reduced corner seta at posterior angle of pronotum, presence of a spine on the episternum, developed evaporative area of the scent efferent system, and long flagellum of the paramere.
<taxonomicName id="74FCFDCA940FFFEAFDFBF93438AF3EFB" authorityName="Yasunaga &amp; Yamada &amp; Duwal" authorityYear="2019" box="[535,667,1708,1731]" class="Insecta" family="Anthocoridae" genus="Orius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="398" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paveli">
<emphasis id="81885A5B940FFFEAFDFBF93438AF3EFB" box="[535,667,1708,1731]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="398">Orius paveli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is easily distinguished from
<taxonomicName id="74FCFDCA940FFFEAFE8BF95438E23EDB" authority="Yasunaga, 1997" authorityName="Yasunaga" authorityYear="1997" box="[359,726,1740,1763]" class="Insecta" family="Anthocoridae" genus="Orius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="398" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="miyamotoi" subGenus="Xylorius">
<emphasis id="81885A5B940FFFEAFE8BF9543BB53EDB" box="[359,385,1740,1763]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="398">O.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="81885A5B940FFFEAFE7CF9543B9C3EDB" box="[400,424,1740,1763]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="398">X.</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="81885A5B940FFFEAFE5BF954381C3EDB" box="[439,552,1740,1763]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="398">miyamotoi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="D76DFBB8940FFFEAFDC1F95438E23EDB" author="YASUNAGA T." box="[557,726,1740,1763]" pageId="7" pageNumber="398" pagination="355 - 364" refId="ref7110" refString="YASUNAGA T. 1997: The flower bug genus Orius Wolff (Heteroptera, Anthocoridae) from Japan and Taiwan, Part I. Applied Entomology and Zoology 32: 355 - 364." type="journal article" year="1997">Yasunaga, 1997</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
by the totally chocolate brown dorsum, reduced posterior corner setae on the pronotum and long flagellum of the paramere.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="FBE6D5C2940FFFEAFF7BF8D4399A3D6D" pageId="7" pageNumber="398" type="description">
<paragraph id="B3438649940FFFEAFF7BF8D43E273ACD" blockId="7.[151,760,1292,2083]" lastBlockId="7.[828,1437,190,2069]" pageId="7" pageNumber="398">
<emphasis id="81885A5B940FFFEAFF7BF8D43B683F5B" bold="true" box="[151,348,1867,1891]" pageId="7" pageNumber="398">
Description.
<emphasis id="81885A5B940FFFEAFEF3F8D33B683F5B" bold="true" box="[287,348,1867,1891]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="398">Male.</emphasis>
</emphasis>
Macropterous. Body generally chocolate brown, oval and slightly elongate, small to moderate in size; dorsal surface moderately shining, with uniformly distributed pale, simple, semierect setae. Head shiny reddish brown, sometimes yellowish or paler brow in some specimens.Antenna dark brown, not thickened throughout; whole segment II and base of segment III yellow; segment II about 2/3 as long as head width across compound eyes; segment IV often tinged with red. Labium shiny reddish brown, reaching but not exceeding apex of procoxa. Pronotum shiny fuscous, sparsely and roughly punctate posterior to calli, with weak corner seta at anterior angle (posterior corner seta reduced); scutellum uniformly shiny dark brown, flat; pleura dark brown, partly reddish; posterior margin of episternum with spine (
<figureCitation id="2BC79ACC940FFFEAFC92FE0639FD398D" box="[894,969,414,437]" captionStart="Figs 46–60" captionStartId="8.[151,188,1996,2015]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,191,1829]" captionTargetId="figure-13@8.[151,1437,191,1829]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figs 46–60. Scanning electron micrographs of Orius paveli sp. nov. (46–51 – ♀; 52–60 – ♁). 46 – whole body, left lateral view, 47–49, 52 – anterior body, left lateral view, 50 – pleura, left lateral view, 51, 53–54 – metathoracic scent efferent system, 55 – protibia, 56 – protarsus, 57 – metatarsus, 58–59 – pygophore with paramere, 60 – conus and base of flagellum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4505390" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4505390/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="398">Fig. 53</figureCitation>
); metathoracic scent efferent system as in
<figureCitation id="2BC79ACC940FFFEAFA9CFE06394B39ED" captionStart="Figs 46–60" captionStartId="8.[151,188,1996,2015]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,191,1829]" captionTargetId="figure-13@8.[151,1437,191,1829]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figs 46–60. Scanning electron micrographs of Orius paveli sp. nov. (46–51 – ♀; 52–60 – ♁). 46 – whole body, left lateral view, 47–49, 52 – anterior body, left lateral view, 50 – pleura, left lateral view, 51, 53–54 – metathoracic scent efferent system, 55 – protibia, 56 – protarsus, 57 – metatarsus, 58–59 – pygophore with paramere, 60 – conus and base of flagellum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4505390" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4505390/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="398">Figs 53–54</figureCitation>
, widely occupied by evaporative area. Hemelytron chocolate brown, weakly shining; membrane smoky brown. Coxae dark brown; legs pale brown; all femora dark brown, except for each apex yellowish brown; protibial teeth rather developed (
<figureCitation id="2BC79ACC940FFFEAFC5AFDA63E313A6D" box="[950,1029,574,597]" captionStart="Figs 46–60" captionStartId="8.[151,188,1996,2015]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,191,1829]" captionTargetId="figure-13@8.[151,1437,191,1829]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figs 46–60. Scanning electron micrographs of Orius paveli sp. nov. (46–51 – ♀; 52–60 – ♁). 46 – whole body, left lateral view, 47–49, 52 – anterior body, left lateral view, 50 – pleura, left lateral view, 51, 53–54 – metathoracic scent efferent system, 55 – protibia, 56 – protarsus, 57 – metatarsus, 58–59 – pygophore with paramere, 60 – conus and base of flagellum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4505390" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4505390/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="398">Fig. 55</figureCitation>
); pretarsal structures as in
<figureCitation id="2BC79ACC940FFFEAFACCFDA63FAD3A6D" box="[1312,1433,574,597]" captionStart="Figs 46–60" captionStartId="8.[151,188,1996,2015]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,191,1829]" captionTargetId="figure-13@8.[151,1437,191,1829]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figs 46–60. Scanning electron micrographs of Orius paveli sp. nov. (46–51 – ♀; 52–60 – ♁). 46 – whole body, left lateral view, 47–49, 52 – anterior body, left lateral view, 50 – pleura, left lateral view, 51, 53–54 – metathoracic scent efferent system, 55 – protibia, 56 – protarsus, 57 – metatarsus, 58–59 – pygophore with paramere, 60 – conus and base of flagellum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4505390" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4505390/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="398">Figs 56–57</figureCitation>
. Abdomen shiny chocolate brown. Male genitalia (
<figureCitation id="2BC79ACC940FFFEAFAABFDC63FA33A4D" box="[1351,1431,606,629]" captionStart="Figs 13–21" captionStartId="4.[151,188,1966,1985]" captionTargetBox="[156,1436,563,1934]" captionTargetId="figure-13@4.[151,1437,539,1953]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figs 13–21. Dorsal habitus (13–17), and male (18–19, 21) and female (20) genitalia of Nepalese Orius species. 13–14, 18 – O. nigromaritus sp. nov.: 13 – holotype ♁ (AMNH_PBI 00380639); 14 – ♀; 18 – pygophore with paramere. 15–16, 19–20 – O. paveli sp. nov.: 16 – holotype ♁; 17 – ♀; 19 – pygophore with paramere; 20 – female genital segments with copulatory tube, dorsal view. 17, 21 – O. ekaii sp. nov.: 17 – holotype ♁; 21 – pygophore with paramere. Scale bars: 0.5 mm for 13–17; 0.1 mm for 18–21." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4505384" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4505384/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="398">Figs 19</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="2BC79ACC940FFFEAFCD0FDE6394B3AAD" box="[828,895,638,661]" captionStart="Figs 46–60" captionStartId="8.[151,188,1996,2015]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,191,1829]" captionTargetId="figure-13@8.[151,1437,191,1829]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figs 46–60. Scanning electron micrographs of Orius paveli sp. nov. (46–51 – ♀; 52–60 – ♁). 46 – whole body, left lateral view, 47–49, 52 – anterior body, left lateral view, 50 – pleura, left lateral view, 51, 53–54 – metathoracic scent efferent system, 55 – protibia, 56 – protarsus, 57 – metatarsus, 58–59 – pygophore with paramere, 60 – conus and base of flagellum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4505390" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4505390/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="398">58–60</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="2BC79ACC940FFFEAFC64FDE639923AAD" box="[904,934,638,661]" captionStart="Figs 61–65" captionStartId="9.[151,188,1515,1534]" captionTargetBox="[152,1433,197,1492]" captionTargetId="figure-14@9.[151,1436,194,1492]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figs 61–65. Male (61–62, 64) and female genitalia (63, 65) of Nepalese Orius species. 61 – O. ekaii sp. nov., 62–63 – O. nigromaritus sp. nov., 64–65 – O. paveli sp. nov." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4505392" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4505392/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="398">64</figureCitation>
): Paramere disk-like, with folded process in middle, lacking denticule situated near base of flagellum (
<figureCitation id="2BC79ACC940FFFEAFA82FD06396C3AED" captionStart="Figs 22–33" captionStartId="5.[151,188,2007,2026]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,618,1985]" captionTargetId="figure-14@5.[151,1437,618,1993]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figs 22–33. Scanning electron micrographs of Orius ekaii sp. nov. (22–30, 33 – ♁; 31–32 – ♀). 22–23, 25 – anterior body, left lateral view; 24, 32–33 – metathoracic scent efferent system: 25 – protibia, 26 – protarsi, 27 – metatarsus; 28–29 – male genital segment with paramere, 30 – evaporative area of scent efferent system." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4505386" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4505386/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="398">Figs 28</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="2BC79ACC940FFFEAFC88FD2639B63AED" box="[868,898,702,725]" captionStart="Figs 61–65" captionStartId="9.[151,188,1515,1534]" captionTargetBox="[152,1433,197,1492]" captionTargetId="figure-14@9.[151,1436,194,1492]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figs 61–65. Male (61–62, 64) and female genitalia (63, 65) of Nepalese Orius species. 61 – O. ekaii sp. nov., 62–63 – O. nigromaritus sp. nov., 64–65 – O. paveli sp. nov." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4505392" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4505392/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="398">64</figureCitation>
); conus tapered apically; flagellum very long, with thickened basal half.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B3438649940FFFEAFCB6FD653ED73BAD" blockId="7.[828,1437,190,2069]" pageId="7" pageNumber="398">
<emphasis id="81885A5B940FFFEAFCB6FD6539873B2D" bold="true" box="[858,947,765,789]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="398">Female.</emphasis>
Macropterous. Similar in general coloration and shape to male; body ovoid, tumid; antenna slender and hemelytron not significantly infuscate. Female genitalia (
<figureCitation id="2BC79ACC940FFFEAFC95FCC639FA3B4D" box="[889,974,862,885]" captionStart="Figs 13–21" captionStartId="4.[151,188,1966,1985]" captionTargetBox="[156,1436,563,1934]" captionTargetId="figure-13@4.[151,1437,539,1953]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figs 13–21. Dorsal habitus (13–17), and male (18–19, 21) and female (20) genitalia of Nepalese Orius species. 13–14, 18 – O. nigromaritus sp. nov.: 13 – holotype ♁ (AMNH_PBI 00380639); 14 – ♀; 18 – pygophore with paramere. 15–16, 19–20 – O. paveli sp. nov.: 16 – holotype ♁; 17 – ♀; 19 – pygophore with paramere; 20 – female genital segments with copulatory tube, dorsal view. 17, 21 – O. ekaii sp. nov.: 17 – holotype ♁; 21 – pygophore with paramere. Scale bars: 0.5 mm for 13–17; 0.1 mm for 18–21." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4505384" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4505384/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="398">Figs 20</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="2BC79ACC940FFFEAFC36FCC639CD3B4D" box="[986,1017,862,885]" captionStart="Figs 61–65" captionStartId="9.[151,188,1515,1534]" captionTargetBox="[152,1433,197,1492]" captionTargetId="figure-14@9.[151,1436,194,1492]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figs 61–65. Male (61–62, 64) and female genitalia (63, 65) of Nepalese Orius species. 61 – O. ekaii sp. nov., 62–63 – O. nigromaritus sp. nov., 64–65 – O. paveli sp. nov." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4505392" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4505392/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="398">65</figureCitation>
): Copulatory tube subapically inflated, gourd-like, with bottle-lid-shaped apex.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B3438649940FFFEAFCD0FC063E603C4D" blockId="7.[828,1437,190,2069]" pageId="7" pageNumber="398">
<emphasis id="81885A5B940FFFEAFCD0FC0639D73B8D" bold="true" box="[828,995,926,949]" pageId="7" pageNumber="398">Measurements</emphasis>
(mm).
<emphasis id="81885A5B940FFFEAFBDDFC063E5C3B8D" box="[1073,1128,926,949]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="398">Male</emphasis>
(n = 4). Total length of body 1.66–1.68; head width across compound eyes 0.30–0.32; lengths of antennal segments I – 0.08–0.10, II – 0.21–0.23, III – 0.15–0.17, IV – 0.19–0.20; basal width of pronotum 0.67–0.69; maximum width across hemelytron 0.75–0.76; and lengths of metafemur 0.47–0.48, metatibia 0.51–0.56, and metatarsus 0.16–0.18.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B3438649940FFFEAFCB6FBE6399A3D6D" blockId="7.[828,1437,190,2069]" pageId="7" pageNumber="398">
<emphasis id="81885A5B940FFFEAFCB6FBE6399E3CAD" box="[858,938,1150,1173]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="398">Female</emphasis>
(n = 3). Total length of body 1.50–1.62; head width across compound eyes 0.30–0.31; lengths of antennal segments I – 0.07–0.09, II – 0.19–0.20, III – 0.15–0.17, IV – 0.19–0.20; basal width of pronotum 0.66–0.74; maximum width across hemelytron 0.76–0.78; and lengths of metafemur 0.47–0.49, metatibia 0.48–0.51, and metatarsus 0.14–0.18.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="FBE6D5C2940FFFEAFCD0FAC63E573DED" pageId="7" pageNumber="398" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="B3438649940FFFEAFCD0FAC63E573DED" blockId="7.[828,1437,190,2069]" pageId="7" pageNumber="398">
<emphasis id="81885A5B940FFFEAFCD0FAC639883D4D" bold="true" box="[828,956,1374,1397]" pageId="7" pageNumber="398">Etymology.</emphasis>
This new species is named in honor of the eminent Czech heteropterist, Prof. Pavel Štys, who regrettably passed away in
<date id="C742A089940FFFEAFBBCFA063EEA3D8D" box="[1104,1246,1438,1461]" pageId="7" pageNumber="398" value="2018-08">August 2018</date>
; noun in genitive case standing in apposition.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="FBE6D5C2940FFFEAFCD0FA463EE93ECD" pageId="7" pageNumber="398" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="B3438649940FFFEAFCD0FA463EE93ECD" blockId="7.[828,1437,190,2069]" pageId="7" pageNumber="398">
<emphasis id="81885A5B940FFFEAFCD0FA4639A33DCD" bold="true" box="[828,919,1502,1525]" pageId="7" pageNumber="398">Biology.</emphasis>
This new species was confirmed to be associated with a stinging nettle, most similar to
<taxonomicName id="74FCFDCA940FFFEAFB2EFA663F7A3E2D" box="[1218,1358,1534,1557]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" genus="Urtica" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="7" pageNumber="398" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dioica">
<emphasis id="81885A5B940FFFEAFB2EFA663F7A3E2D" box="[1218,1358,1534,1557]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="398">Urtica dioica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L. (
<taxonomicName id="74FCFDCA940FFFEAFA9AFA6639A33E0D" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="7" pageNumber="398" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Urticaceae</taxonomicName>
). Although its life cycle is unknown,
<taxonomicName id="74FCFDCA940FFFEAFAF5F9863FA83E0D" authorityName="Yasunaga &amp; Yamada &amp; Duwal" authorityYear="2019" box="[1305,1436,1566,1589]" class="Insecta" family="Anthocoridae" genus="Orius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="398" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paveli">
<emphasis id="81885A5B940FFFEAFAF5F9863FA83E0D" box="[1305,1436,1566,1589]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="398">Orius paveli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was found on leaves and stems (
<figureCitation id="2BC79ACC940FFFEAFB46F9A63EC83E6D" box="[1194,1276,1598,1621]" captionStart="Figs 7–12" captionStartId="3.[151,188,1989,2008]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1113,1970]" captionTargetId="figure-501@3.[151,1436,1113,1970]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figs 7–12. Habitats of Nepalese Orius species. 7–8 – full blossom of Quercus semecarpifolia, on which O. ekaii sp. nov. was found, 9 – sweeping inflorescence of Q. semecarpifolia, 10 – Urtica dioica, with two adults of O. paveli sp. nov. (arrows), 11 – Chitwan National Park in southern Nepal, type locality of O. nigromaritus sp. nov., 12 – male flowers of Mallotus philippensis, considered to be breeding host of O. nigromaritus sp. nov." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4505382" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4505382/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="398">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
) covered with stinging hairs (secreting formic acid) causing skin irritation (cf.
<bibRefCitation id="D76DFBB8940FFFEAFC8FF9E639C33EAD" author="YOSHIDA T." box="[867,1015,1662,1685]" pageId="7" pageNumber="398" refId="ref7480" refString="YOSHIDA T. 2005: Himalayan Plants Illustrated. Yama-to-Keikokusha Publ., Tokyo, 799 pp. (in Japanese)." type="book" year="2005">YOSHIDA 2005</bibRefCitation>
), which presumably provides
<taxonomicName id="74FCFDCA940FFFEAFAC0F9E63FB83EAD" authorityName="Yasunaga &amp; Yamada &amp; Duwal" authorityYear="2019" box="[1324,1420,1662,1685]" class="Insecta" family="Anthocoridae" genus="Orius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="398" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paveli">
<emphasis id="81885A5B940FFFEAFAC0F9E63FB83EAD" box="[1324,1420,1662,1685]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="398">O. paveli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
a secure habitat. On the same plant, an unidentified species of thrips (Thysanoptera) co-occurred with the anthocorid which is assumed to prey on the thrips.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="FBE6D5C2940FFFEAFCD0F9663E33302D" pageId="7" pageNumber="398" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="B3438649940FFFEAFCD0F9663E33302D" blockId="7.[828,1437,190,2069]" pageId="7" pageNumber="398">
<emphasis id="81885A5B940FFFEAFCD0F966398A3F2D" bold="true" box="[828,958,1790,1813]" pageId="7" pageNumber="398">Comments.</emphasis>
Subgeneric position of
<taxonomicName id="74FCFDCA940FFFEAFB2AF9663F793F2D" authorityName="Yasunaga &amp; Yamada &amp; Duwal" authorityYear="2019" box="[1222,1357,1790,1813]" class="Insecta" family="Anthocoridae" genus="Orius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="398" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paveli">
<emphasis id="81885A5B940FFFEAFB2AF9663F793F2D" box="[1222,1357,1790,1813]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="398">Orius paveli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is currently not well elucidated, although at first sight it is reminiscent of a member of
<taxonomicName id="74FCFDCA940FFFEAFB82F8A63EE93F6D" authorityName="Yasunaga" authorityYear="1997" box="[1134,1245,1854,1877]" class="Insecta" family="Anthocoridae" genus="Trichorius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="398" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="81885A5B940FFFEAFB82F8A63EE93F6D" box="[1134,1245,1854,1877]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="398">Trichorius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Nonetheless, the preponderance of the current evidence (i.e. the male genital segment bearing a bundle of strong spines on its dorsal surface [
<figureCitation id="2BC79ACC940FFFEAFC75F80639C43F8D" box="[921,1008,1950,1973]" captionStart="Figs 13–21" captionStartId="4.[151,188,1966,1985]" captionTargetBox="[156,1436,563,1934]" captionTargetId="figure-13@4.[151,1437,539,1953]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figs 13–21. Dorsal habitus (13–17), and male (18–19, 21) and female (20) genitalia of Nepalese Orius species. 13–14, 18 – O. nigromaritus sp. nov.: 13 – holotype ♁ (AMNH_PBI 00380639); 14 – ♀; 18 – pygophore with paramere. 15–16, 19–20 – O. paveli sp. nov.: 16 – holotype ♁; 17 – ♀; 19 – pygophore with paramere; 20 – female genital segments with copulatory tube, dorsal view. 17, 21 – O. ekaii sp. nov.: 17 – holotype ♁; 21 – pygophore with paramere. Scale bars: 0.5 mm for 13–17; 0.1 mm for 18–21." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4505384" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4505384/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="398">Figs 19</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="2BC79ACC940FFFEAFC13F8063E703F8D" box="[1023,1092,1950,1973]" captionStart="Figs 46–60" captionStartId="8.[151,188,1996,2015]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,191,1829]" captionTargetId="figure-13@8.[151,1437,191,1829]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figs 46–60. Scanning electron micrographs of Orius paveli sp. nov. (46–51 – ♀; 52–60 – ♁). 46 – whole body, left lateral view, 47–49, 52 – anterior body, left lateral view, 50 – pleura, left lateral view, 51, 53–54 – metathoracic scent efferent system, 55 – protibia, 56 – protarsus, 57 – metatarsus, 58–59 – pygophore with paramere, 60 – conus and base of flagellum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4505390" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4505390/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="398">58–59</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="2BC79ACC940FFFEAFBBEF8063E5B3F8D" box="[1106,1135,1950,1973]" captionStart="Figs 61–65" captionStartId="9.[151,188,1515,1534]" captionTargetBox="[152,1433,197,1492]" captionTargetId="figure-14@9.[151,1436,194,1492]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figs 61–65. Male (61–62, 64) and female genitalia (63, 65) of Nepalese Orius species. 61 – O. ekaii sp. nov., 62–63 – O. nigromaritus sp. nov., 64–65 – O. paveli sp. nov." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4505392" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4505392/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="398">63</figureCitation>
] and similarity in shape of the female copulatory tube [
<figureCitation id="2BC79ACC940FFFEAFB84F8263E893FED" box="[1128,1213,1982,2005]" captionStart="Figs 13–21" captionStartId="4.[151,188,1966,1985]" captionTargetBox="[156,1436,563,1934]" captionTargetId="figure-13@4.[151,1437,539,1953]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figs 13–21. Dorsal habitus (13–17), and male (18–19, 21) and female (20) genitalia of Nepalese Orius species. 13–14, 18 – O. nigromaritus sp. nov.: 13 – holotype ♁ (AMNH_PBI 00380639); 14 – ♀; 18 – pygophore with paramere. 15–16, 19–20 – O. paveli sp. nov.: 16 – holotype ♁; 17 – ♀; 19 – pygophore with paramere; 20 – female genital segments with copulatory tube, dorsal view. 17, 21 – O. ekaii sp. nov.: 17 – holotype ♁; 21 – pygophore with paramere. Scale bars: 0.5 mm for 13–17; 0.1 mm for 18–21." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4505384" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4505384/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="398">Figs 20</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="2BC79ACC940FFFEAFB24F8263ED13FED" box="[1224,1253,1982,2005]" captionStart="Figs 61–65" captionStartId="9.[151,188,1515,1534]" captionTargetBox="[152,1433,197,1492]" captionTargetId="figure-14@9.[151,1436,194,1492]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figs 61–65. Male (61–62, 64) and female genitalia (63, 65) of Nepalese Orius species. 61 – O. ekaii sp. nov., 62–63 – O. nigromaritus sp. nov., 64–65 – O. paveli sp. nov." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4505392" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4505392/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="398">65</figureCitation>
]) argues in favor of the provisional placement of this new species in the subgenus
<taxonomicName id="74FCFDCA940FFFEAFC4AF8663E34302D" authorityName="Yasunaga" authorityYear="1997" box="[934,1024,2046,2069]" class="Insecta" family="Anthocoridae" genus="Orius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="398" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Xylorius">
<emphasis id="81885A5B940FFFEAFC4AF8663E34302D" box="[934,1024,2046,2069]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="398">Xylorius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
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65
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