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<document ENCODING="UTF8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6160175" ID-GBIF-Dataset="5918b440-d835-4e34-9618-f1b58aab1bed" ID-GBIF-Taxon="114913880" ID-HNS-Pub="27552" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6160175" checkinTime="1409237179507" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Longino, John T" docDate="2013" docId="3B15380E778A84ADC7FA507BE25BD415" docLanguage="en" docName="27552.htm.xml" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3699" docTitle="Octostruma leptoceps Longino, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageId="38" lastPageNumber="39" masterDocId="EE74F677DCA4F13702125E9CE8D29A0F" masterDocTitle="A revision of the ant genus Octostruma Forel 1912 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)" masterLastPageNumber="61" masterPageNumber="1" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" updateTime="1645264522075" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>A revision of the ant genus Octostruma Forel 1912 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Longino, John T</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title>Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part>
<mods:date>2013</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>3699</mods:number>
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
<mods:end>61</mods:end>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="HNS-Pub">27552</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3699.1.1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">65A19D30-8E7A-4073-B92B-9709F8384752</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
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<subSubSection pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="mainText">
<taxonomicName authority="Longino" authorityName="Longino" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Octostruma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leptoceps">
Octostruma leptoceps
<authority pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Longino</authority>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="37" pageNumber="38" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="mainText">(Figs 1A, 5H, 28, 43)</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="mainText">
Type material. Holotype worker: HONDURAS,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cortés" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Cortes</normalizedToken>
: PN Cusuco, 15.48940, -88.23621,
<normalizedToken originalValue="±" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">+/-</normalizedToken>
20 m, 1290 m, mesophyll forest, ex sifted leaf litter, 30 May 2010 (LLAMA, Wa-C-06-2-12) [CAS, unique specimen identifier CASENT0617645].
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="mainText">Geographic range. Honduras.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="mainText">Diagnosis. Basal five teeth of mandible acute; labrum triangular with straight, evenly converging sides, anterior lobes converging and confluent at apex, such that labrum apex is blunt but not distinctly bilobed; head very narrow, CI 94.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="38" lastPageNumber="39" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="description">
<paragraph lastPageId="38" lastPageNumber="39" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="mainText">
Description. Worker. HW 0.68, HL 0.73, WL 0.87, CI 94 (n=1); labrum as in Fig. 1A, sides straight, strap-like lateral portions converging from base to apex, apex bluntly rounded, not bilobed; mandible triangular, in profile view with mandible closed, base in same plane as clypeus, evenly curved downward toward apex; mandibles closed on holotype, but basal teeth visible, acute, apparently as in Fig. 3B, tooth 1 continuous with basal rim of dorsal surface; dorsal surface of mandible roughened; ventral surface flat, smooth and shining; interior surface concave, smooth and shining; scape with pronounced anterobasal lobe, dorsal surface smooth, matte; clypeus with broad, shallow emargination anteriorly; clypeus smooth, sublucid, with sparse
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Octostruma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="puncta">puncta</taxonomicName>
; face uniformly irregularly rugose; frontal carinae faint, nearly obsolete; antennal socket deep, dorsal rim of socket continuous with pronounced dorsal margin of antennal scrobe; antennal scrobe deep, strongly delimited dorsally, posteriorly, and ventrally with sharply defined thin cuticular rim; compound eye small, circular, composed of about 7 ommatidia; distinct carina extends from ventral margin of antennal socket across floor of scrobe to compound eye; scrobe floor
<pageBreakToken pageId="38" pageNumber="39" start="start">matte</pageBreakToken>
; vertex margin anterior to occipital carina smooth, matte (top of head, not visible in face view); occipital carina extends anteriorly on ventral surface of head about to level of compound eye; postgenal suture visible as impressed line on undersurface of head; undersurface rugulose.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="mainText">Promesonotum moderately convex in profile, promesonotal suture moderately impressed; metanotal groove not impressed; propodeum with distinct dorsal and posterior faces; dorsal face weakly convex; propodeal spines well-developed, acute, laterally flattened, extending ventrally as thin carinae; propodeal spiracle somewhat protruding, located below propodeal spine, not quite abutting posterior margin, diameter about equal to width of base of propodeal spine; all surfaces of mesosoma matte; entire promesonotum irregularly rugose, with similar sculpture to face; mesopleuron and side of propodeum confluent; entire mesopleuron and propodeum smooth.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="mainText">
Petiole in profile with peduncle differentiated from node, node with distinct anterior face; posterodorsal face of node an even convexity; anteroventral margin with anteriorly-directed tooth subtended by short posterior flange; postpetiole low, broad, weakly crescent-shaped in dorsal view; dorsum of petiolar node and postpetiole punctatorugose; first gastral tergite and sternite densely punctate, interspaces smooth and shining, tergal
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Octostruma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="puncta">puncta</taxonomicName>
smaller posteriorly; first gastral sternite strongly convex, with prominent blunt medial keel.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="mainText">Anterior labral lobe with radiating tuft of soft, thick, translucent, capitate setae of unequal length projecting from apex (like Fig. 2); each larger mandibular tooth with fully appressed seta running length of tooth; anterior margin of scape with about nine stiff clavate setae; clypeus, face, promesonotal dorsum, petiolar node, and dorsal postpetiole with conspicuous, yellow, appressed ground pilosity of long, thin setae; face of holotype appears largely devoid of erect setae but specimen may have lost setae; a single spatulate seta present on one lateral vertex margin, and what may be a seta near medial vertex margin (Fig. 5H drawn to show what may be setal arrangement on typical specimens); mesosomal dorsum lacking erect setae; mesotibia with conspicuous ground pilosity, about 5 spatulate setae of variable length at apex; petiole and postpetiole lacking erect setae; first gastral tergite lacking erect setae, ground pilosity fully appressed, sparse (length of setae less than distance between them); first gastral sternite with abundant spatulate setae clustered on posterior half, anterior half devoid of setae.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="mainText">Color dark brown.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="mainText">The queen is unknown.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="mainText">Biology. This is known from a single worker collected in mesophyll cloud forest at 1290 m elevation. The specimen was in a sample of sifted leaf litter from the forest floor.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="mainText">
Etymology. The
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Octostruma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="name">name</taxonomicName>
refers to narrow head relative to other species. It is a noun in apposition and thus invariant.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<mods:namePart>Dorjsuren, Altanchimeg</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart>Choi, Eun Hwa</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart>Hwang, Ui Wook</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Institute for Korean Herb-Bio Convergence Promotion, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, South Korea &amp; Institute of Phylogenomics and Evolution, and Department of Biology, Teachers College Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea &amp; School of Industrial Technology Advances, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, South Korea &amp; Phylomics Inc., Daegu 41910, South Korea</mods:affiliation>
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<taxonomicName ID-CoL="49D3C" ID-ENA="294351" LSID="3B153922-A93A-5A92-821E-E07EF67C8656" authority="(Linnaeus, 1758)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Insecta" family="Acrididae" genus="Omocestus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Omocestus (Omocestus) viridulus" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="96705" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="viridulus" subGenus="Omocestus">Omocestus (Omocestus) viridulus (Linnaeus, 1758)</taxonomicName>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="96705">Native status</paragraph>
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="96705">Distribution in the natural zone</emphasis>
: Forest steppe, steppe, desert steppe and desert.
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="96705">Distribution</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="96705">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="96705">in Mongolia</emphasis>
: Khuvs., Bulg., Sel., S.-baat., Do., Khovd, G.-alt., Uvs.
<bibRefCitation author="Steinmann, H." journalOrPublisher="Folia Entomologica Hungarica" pageId="0" pageNumber="96705" pagination="381 - 384" refId="B8082637" refString="Steinmann, H., 1964. Ergebnisse der zoologischen Forschungen von Dr. Z. Kaszab in der Mongolei 20. Tetrigidae und Acrididae (Orthoptera). Folia Entomologica Hungarica 17: 381 - 384" title="Ergebnisse der zoologischen Forschungen von Dr. Z. Kaszab in der Mongolei 20. Tetrigidae und Acrididae (Orthoptera)." volume="17" year="1964">Steinmann (1964)</bibRefCitation>
:382,
<bibRefCitation author="Steinmann, H." journalOrPublisher="Reichenbachia" pageId="0" pageNumber="96705" pagination="107 - 120" refId="B8082619" refString="Steinmann, H., 1967. Tetrigidae and Acridiidae. Ergebnisse der zoologischen Forschungen von Dr. Z. Kaszab in der Mongolei 99. (Orthoptera). Reichenbachia 9: 107 - 120" title="Tetrigidae and Acridiidae. Ergebnisse der zoologischen Forschungen von Dr. Z. Kaszab in der Mongolei 99. (Orthoptera)." volume="9" year="1967">Steinmann (1967)</bibRefCitation>
:110,
<bibRefCitation author="Steinmann, H." journalOrPublisher="Reichenbachia" pageId="0" pageNumber="96705" pagination="239 - 248" refId="B8082592" refString="Steinmann, H., 1968. Tetrigidae und Acridiidae. Ergebnisse der zoologischen Forschungen von Dr. Z. Kaszab in der Mongolei (Orthoptera). Reichenbachia 11: 239 - 248" title="Tetrigidae und Acridiidae. Ergebnisse der zoologischen Forschungen von Dr. Z. Kaszab in der Mongolei (Orthoptera)." volume="11" year="1968">Steinmann (1968)</bibRefCitation>
:241,
<bibRefCitation author="Chogsomzhav, L." journalOrPublisher="Journal of University of Agriculture, Mongolia" pageId="0" pageNumber="96705" pagination="56 - 61" refId="B8082610" refString="Chogsomzhav, L., 1968. The distribution of Mongolian grasshopper (Acrididae, Orthoptera). Journal of University of Agriculture, Mongolia 9: 56 - 61" title="The distribution of Mongolian grasshopper (Acrididae, Orthoptera)." volume="9" year="1968">Chogsomzhav (1968)</bibRefCitation>
:57,
<bibRefCitation author="Chogsomzhav, L." journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of Institute of Biology" pageId="0" pageNumber="96705" pagination="123 - 130" refId="B8082575" refString="Chogsomzhav, L., 1969. Study of Orthoptera. Proceedings of Institute of Biology 4: 123 - 130" title="Study of Orthoptera" volume="4" year="1969">Chogsomzhav (1969b)</bibRefCitation>
:127,
<bibRefCitation author="Chogsomzhav, L." journalOrPublisher="Insects of Mongolia" pageId="0" pageNumber="96705" pagination="151 - 198" refId="B8091263" refString="Chogsomzhav, L., 1972. Acridoidea and Tettigonioidea of the Mongolian People's Republic. Insects of Mongolia 1: 151 - 198" title="Acridoidea and Tettigonioidea of the Mongolian People's Republic." volume="1" year="1972">Chogsomzhav (1972)</bibRefCitation>
:163,
<bibRefCitation author="Chogsomzhav, L." journalOrPublisher="Orthopteroid insects (Orthopteroidea) of western and southern Mongolia." pageId="0" pageNumber="96705" refId="B8082513" refString="Chogsomzhav, L., 1974. . Orthopteroid insects (Orthopteroidea) of western and southern Mongolia. 2" volume="2" year="1974">Chogsomzhav (1974b)</bibRefCitation>
:28,
<bibRefCitation author="Guenther, K. K." journalOrPublisher="Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin" pageId="0" pageNumber="96705" pagination="109 - 130" refId="B8082548" refString="Guenther, K. K., 1971. Blattoidea - Orthopteroidea -Ausbeute 1964, Teil II (Tetrigidae und Acrididae). Ergebnisse der Mongolisch-Deutschen Biologischen Expeditionen seit 1962, Nr. 55. Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin 47 (1): 109 - 130" title="Blattoidea - Orthopteroidea - Ausbeute 1964, Teil II (Tetrigidae und Acrididae). Ergebnisse der Mongolisch-Deutschen Biologischen Expeditionen seit 1962, Nr. 55." volume="47" year="1971">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Günther">Guenther</normalizedToken>
(1971)
</bibRefCitation>
:116,
<bibRefCitation author="Chogsomzhav, L." journalOrPublisher="Insects of Mongolia" pageId="0" pageNumber="96705" pagination="73 - 96" refId="B8082389" refString="Chogsomzhav, L., 1989. Composition and distribution of fauna of the Orthopteroidea in the Mongolian People's Republic. Insects of Mongolia 10: 73 - 96" title="Composition and distribution of fauna of the Orthopteroidea in the Mongolian People's Republic" volume="10" year="1989">Chogsomzhav (1989)</bibRefCitation>
:91,
<bibRefCitation author="Sergeev, M. G." journalOrPublisher="Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia" pageId="0" pageNumber="96705" pagination="213 - 256" refId="B8082345" refString="Sergeev, M. G., 1995. The general distribution of Orthoptera in the eastern parts of the Saharan-Gobian and Scythian subregions. Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia 38 (2): 213 - 256" title="The general distribution of Orthoptera in the eastern parts of the Saharan-Gobian and Scythian subregions." volume="38" year="1995">Sergeev (1995)</bibRefCitation>
:108,
<bibRefCitation author="Childebaev, M. K." journalOrPublisher="Tethys Entomological Research" pageId="0" pageNumber="96705" pagination="5 - 48" refId="B8082305" refString="Childebaev, M. K., Storozhenko, S. Y, 2001. An annotated list of brachycerous orthopterous insects (Orthoptera: Caelifera) occurring in Kazakhstan. Tethys Entomological Research 3: 5 - 48" title="An annotated list of brachycerous orthopterous insects (Orthoptera: Caelifera) occurring in Kazakhstan" volume="3" year="2001">Childebaev and Storozhenko (2001)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Sergeev, M. G." journalOrPublisher="Amurian Zoological Journal" pageId="0" pageNumber="96705" pagination="106 - 112" refId="B8082219" refString="Sergeev, M. G., Jirong, Murav'eva V. M., N.E., Hudiakova, 2009. Diversity and distribution patterns of Orthoptera in the Altai Mountains. Amurian Zoological Journal 1 (2): 106 - 112" title="Diversity and distribution patterns of Orthoptera in the Altai Mountains." volume="1" year="2009">Sergeev et al. (2009)</bibRefCitation>
:108,
<bibRefCitation author="Altanchimeg, D." journalOrPublisher="Grasshoppers (Acridoidea) of Mongolian Plateau" pageId="0" pageNumber="96705" refId="B8156517" refString="Altanchimeg, D., Nonnaizab, N., 2013. . Grasshoppers (Acridoidea) of Mongolian Plateau In: Zhang L et al. (Eds) Orthoptera in scientific progress and human culture" volume="In: Zhang L et al. (Eds) Orthoptera in scientific progress and human culture" year="2013">Altanchimeg and Nonnaizab (2013)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Altanchimeg, D." journalOrPublisher="Mongolian Journal of Biological Sciences" pageId="0" pageNumber="96705" refId="B8082118" refString="Altanchimeg, D., Uranbileg, G., Unurzaya, Kh., Zulbayr, M., Dorjderem, S., 2013. Grasshoppers (Acridoidea) of Khan khentii protected area." title="Grasshoppers (Acridoidea) of Khan khentii protected area" year="2013">Altanchimeg et al. (2013b)</bibRefCitation>
:65,
<bibRefCitation author="Batnaran, Kh." journalOrPublisher="Mongolian Agricultural University, Ulaanbaatar" pageId="0" pageNumber="96705" pagination="30 - 40" refId="B8082028" refString="Batnaran, Kh., Batkhuyag, B., Otgonchimeg, T., Dorjderem, S., Turbat, T., Gandulam, R., 2016. A study on the karyotype of some pest grasshoppers in Mongolia. In: Report of Science and Technology Foundation.: 30 - 40" title="A study on the karyotype of some pest grasshoppers in Mongolia." volumeTitle="Report of Science and Technology Foundation." year="2016">Batnaran et al. (2016)</bibRefCitation>
:36,
<bibRefCitation author="Sergeev, M. G." journalOrPublisher="Far Eastern Entomologist" pageId="0" pageNumber="96705" pagination="7 - 44" refId="B8081955" refString="Sergeev, M. G., Storozhenko, S. Y, Benediktov, A. A, 2019. An annotated check-list of Orthoptera of Tuva and adjacent regions. Part 2. Suboder Caelifera. Tridactylidae, Tetrigidae, Acrididae: Melanoplinae, Calliptaminae, and Gomphocerinae (except Gomphocerini). Far Eastern Entomologist 389: 7 - 44" title="An annotated check-list of Orthoptera of Tuva and adjacent regions. Part 2. Suboder Caelifera. Tridactylidae, Tetrigidae, Acrididae: Melanoplinae, Calliptaminae, and Gomphocerinae (except Gomphocerini)." volume="389" year="2019">Sergeev et al. (2019)</bibRefCitation>
:26,
<bibRefCitation author="Batkhuyag, B." journalOrPublisher="ADMON Printing Company, Ulaanbaatar" pageId="0" pageNumber="96705" refId="B8081920" refString="Batkhuyag, B., Batnaran, B., 2021. Key of the short-horned orthopteroid insects in Mongolia. ADMON Printing Company, Ulaanbaatar" title="Key of the short-horned orthopteroid insects in Mongolia." year="2021">Batkhuyag and Batnaran (2021)</bibRefCitation>
:70.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="96705">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="96705">Global distribution</emphasis>
: Tuva, Europe (except the extreme north), S Siberia, Amur Region, S Khabarovsk Region, Asia Minor, Caucasus, Kazakhstan, Tien Shan, N China, Mongolia, N Korea (
<bibRefCitation author="Sergeev, M. G." journalOrPublisher="Far Eastern Entomologist" pageId="0" pageNumber="96705" pagination="7 - 44" refId="B8081955" refString="Sergeev, M. G., Storozhenko, S. Y, Benediktov, A. A, 2019. An annotated check-list of Orthoptera of Tuva and adjacent regions. Part 2. Suboder Caelifera. Tridactylidae, Tetrigidae, Acrididae: Melanoplinae, Calliptaminae, and Gomphocerinae (except Gomphocerini). Far Eastern Entomologist 389: 7 - 44" title="An annotated check-list of Orthoptera of Tuva and adjacent regions. Part 2. Suboder Caelifera. Tridactylidae, Tetrigidae, Acrididae: Melanoplinae, Calliptaminae, and Gomphocerinae (except Gomphocerini)." volume="389" year="2019">Sergeev et al. 2019</bibRefCitation>
).
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<paragraph pageNumber="703">&quot;Habitat in Africa. D. Burmannus.&quot; RCN: 2816.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageNumber="703">Type not designated.</paragraph>
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Original material:
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Herb. Linn. No. 499.1? (
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of
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Linnaeus.
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Current name:
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P.J. Bergius
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Key to species of the genus
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<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFD2C555359A082A2BE8FAB6" bold="true" box="[491,685,1340,1366]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="87">Paradraconema</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="D72D4B53FFD2C55536C5082D2D46FAB5" author="Allen" box="[692,1027,1339,1365]" pageId="9" pageNumber="87" refString="Allen, M. C. &amp; Noffsinger, E. M. (1978) A revision of the marine nematodes of the superfamily Draconematoidea Filipjev, 1918 (Nematoda: Draconematina). University of California Publication in Zoology, 109, 1 - 133." type="journal article" year="1978">Allen and Noffsinger, 1978</bibRefCitation>
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: cf., key in
<bibRefCitation id="D72D4B53FFD2C55530E1082D29A1FA98" author="Allen" pageId="9" pageNumber="87" refString="Allen, M. C. &amp; Noffsinger, E. M. (1978) A revision of the marine nematodes of the superfamily Draconematoidea Filipjev, 1918 (Nematoda: Draconematina). University of California Publication in Zoology, 109, 1 - 133." type="journal article" year="1978">Allen and Noffsinger (1978)</bibRefCitation>
and taxonomic discussion in
<bibRefCitation id="D72D4B53FFD2C555362308482A79FA98" author="Rho" box="[594,828,1374,1400]" pageId="9" pageNumber="87" refString="Rho, H. S. &amp; Kim, W. (2005) Paradraconema jejuense, a new species of Genus Paradraconema (Nematoda: Draconematidae) from Korea. The Korean Journal of Systematic Zoology, 21, 81 - 91." type="journal article" year="2005">Rho &amp; Kim (2005)</bibRefCitation>
.
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<keyLead id="084D9597FFD2C55534E608B32CD9FA5A" box="[151,1436,1445,1466]" pageId="9" pageNumber="87">1. Male with elongate loop-shaped or elongate uni-spiral amphids. Female with elongate loop-shaped or uni-spiral amphids.. 2</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B30336A2FFD2C55534E608D42CD9FA37" blockId="9.[151,1436,1445,2024]" box="[151,1436,1474,1495]" pageId="9" pageNumber="87">
<keyLead id="084D9597FFD2C55534E608D42CD9FA37" box="[151,1436,1474,1495]" pageId="9" pageNumber="87">- Male with doubled elongate spiral amphids. Female with doubled circular or elongate spiral amphids.................. 10</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="08482E07FFD2C55534E608C92CD9F9F2" pageId="9" pageNumber="87">
<paragraph id="B30336A2FFD2C55534E608C92CD9FA14" blockId="9.[151,1436,1445,2024]" box="[151,1436,1503,1524]" pageId="9" pageNumber="87">
<keyLead id="084D9597FFD2C55534E608C92CD9FA14" box="[151,1436,1503,1524]" pageId="9" pageNumber="87">2. Male and female with longitudinally areolated annules on swollen pharyngeal region............................... 3</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B30336A2FFD2C55534E608EB2CD9F9F2" blockId="9.[151,1436,1445,2024]" box="[151,1436,1533,1554]" pageId="9" pageNumber="87">
<keyLead id="084D9597FFD2C55534E608EB2CD9F9F2" box="[151,1436,1533,1554]" pageId="9" pageNumber="87">- Male and female without longitudinally areolated annules on swollen pharyngeal region............................. 7</keyLead>
</paragraph>
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<keyStep id="08482E07FFD2C55534E60B0C2CD9F9AD" pageId="9" pageNumber="87">
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<keyLead id="084D9597FFD2C55534E60B0C2CD9F9CF" box="[151,1436,1562,1583]" pageId="9" pageNumber="87">3. Male with precloacal Acan-set or Corn-set. Female with 15–20 SvAT............................................ 4</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B30336A2FFD2C55534E60B212CD9F9AD" blockId="9.[151,1436,1445,2024]" box="[151,1436,1591,1613]" pageId="9" pageNumber="87">
<keyLead id="084D9597FFD2C55534E60B212CD9F9AD" box="[151,1436,1591,1613]" pageId="9" pageNumber="87">
- Male without precloacal Acan-set or Corn-set. Female with 24–30 SvAT................................
<taxonomicName id="74BC4D21FFD2C555315B0B2E2CD9F9AD" box="[1322,1436,1592,1613]" class="Adenophorea" family="Draconematidae" genus="Paradraconema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="9" pageNumber="87" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="spinosum">
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFD2C555315B0B2E2CD9F9AD" box="[1322,1436,1592,1613]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="87">P. spinosum</emphasis>
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<keyLead id="084D9597FFD2C55534E60B432CD9F98A" box="[151,1436,1621,1642]" pageId="9" pageNumber="87">4. Male with 1 subventral pair of precloacal Acan-set. Female with 12–14 SlAT...................................... 5</keyLead>
</paragraph>
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<keyLead id="084D9597FFD2C55534E60B642CD9F967" box="[151,1436,1650,1671]" pageId="9" pageNumber="87">
- Male with single ventral precloacal Corn-set. Female with 17–18 SlAT....................................
<taxonomicName id="74BC4D21FFD2C555314B0B642CD9F967" box="[1338,1436,1650,1671]" class="Adenophorea" family="Draconematidae" genus="Paradraconema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="9" pageNumber="87" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="hopperi">
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFD2C555314B0B642CD9F967" box="[1338,1436,1650,1671]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="87">P. hopperi</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="B30336A2FFD2C55534E60B992CD9F944" blockId="9.[151,1436,1445,2024]" box="[151,1436,1679,1700]" pageId="9" pageNumber="87">
<keyLead id="084D9597FFD2C55534E60B992CD9F944" box="[151,1436,1679,1700]" pageId="9" pageNumber="87">5. Male and female with prominent eyespots................................................................. 6</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B30336A2FFD2C55534E60BBB2CD9F922" blockId="9.[151,1436,1445,2024]" box="[151,1436,1709,1730]" pageId="9" pageNumber="87">
<keyLead id="084D9597FFD2C55534E60BBB2CD9F922" box="[151,1436,1709,1730]" pageId="9" pageNumber="87">
- Male and female with obscure eyespots........................................................
<taxonomicName id="74BC4D21FFD2C55531740BBB2CD9F922" box="[1285,1436,1709,1730]" class="Adenophorea" family="Draconematidae" genus="Paradraconema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="9" pageNumber="87" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="singaporense">
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFD2C55531740BBB2CD9F922" box="[1285,1436,1709,1730]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="87">P. singaporense</emphasis>
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<keyLead id="084D9597FFD2C55534E60BDC2CD9F93F" box="[151,1436,1738,1759]" pageId="9" pageNumber="87">
6. Male with cylindrical cloacal region and conical tail gradually narrowing................................
<taxonomicName id="74BC4D21FFD2C55531550BDC2CD9F93F" box="[1316,1436,1738,1759]" class="Adenophorea" family="Draconematidae" genus="Paradraconema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="9" pageNumber="87" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="floridense">
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFD2C55531550BDC2CD9F93F" box="[1316,1436,1738,1759]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="87">P. floridense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B30336A2FFD2C55534E60BF12CDEF91C" blockId="9.[151,1436,1445,2024]" box="[151,1435,1767,1789]" pageId="9" pageNumber="87">
<keyLead id="084D9597FFD2C55534E60BF12CDEF91C" box="[151,1435,1767,1789]" pageId="9" pageNumber="87">
- Male with remarkably enlarged cloacal region and conico-cylindrical tail abruptly narrowing......
<taxonomicName id="74BC4D21FFD2C55530C20BFE2C0DF91D" box="[1203,1352,1768,1789]" class="Adenophorea" family="Draconematidae" genus="Paradraconema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="9" pageNumber="87" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="pachylumbus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFD2C55530C20BFE2C0DF91D" box="[1203,1352,1768,1789]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="87">P. pachylumbus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFD2C555313E0BF12CDEF91C" bold="true" box="[1359,1435,1767,1788]" pageId="9" pageNumber="87">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="9AFB57CBFFD2C555313E0BF12CDEF91C" box="[1359,1435,1767,1788]" pageId="9" pageNumber="87" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="08482E07FFD2C55534E60A132CD9F8D7" pageId="9" pageNumber="87">
<paragraph id="B30336A2FFD2C55534E60A132CD9F8FA" blockId="9.[151,1436,1445,2024]" box="[151,1436,1797,1818]" pageId="9" pageNumber="87">
<keyLead id="084D9597FFD2C55534E60A132CD9F8FA" box="[151,1436,1797,1818]" pageId="9" pageNumber="87">7. Male and female with Ceph Acan-set on posterior 1/3 of rostrum............................................... 8</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B30336A2FFD2C55534E60A342CD9F8D7" blockId="9.[151,1436,1445,2024]" box="[151,1436,1826,1847]" pageId="9" pageNumber="87">
<keyLead id="084D9597FFD2C55534E60A342CD9F8D7" box="[151,1436,1826,1847]" pageId="9" pageNumber="87">- Male and female with Ceph Acan-set about mid-rostrum...................................................... 9</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="08482E07FFD2C55534E60A292CD9F892" pageId="9" pageNumber="87">
<paragraph id="B30336A2FFD2C55534E60A292CD9F8B5" blockId="9.[151,1436,1445,2024]" box="[151,1436,1855,1877]" pageId="9" pageNumber="87">
<keyLead id="084D9597FFD2C55534E60A292CD9F8B5" box="[151,1436,1855,1877]" pageId="9" pageNumber="87">
8. Male with single ventral precloacal Corn-set. Female with elongate loop-shaped amphids.................
<taxonomicName id="74BC4D21FFD2C55531610A562CD9F8B5" box="[1296,1436,1856,1877]" class="Adenophorea" family="Draconematidae" genus="Paradraconema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="9" pageNumber="87" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="meridionale">
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFD2C55531610A562CD9F8B5" box="[1296,1436,1856,1877]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="87">P. meridionale</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B30336A2FFD2C55534E60A4B2CD9F892" blockId="9.[151,1436,1445,2024]" box="[151,1436,1885,1906]" pageId="9" pageNumber="87">
<keyLead id="084D9597FFD2C55534E60A4B2CD9F892" box="[151,1436,1885,1906]" pageId="9" pageNumber="87">
- Male with 1 subventral pair of precloacal Corn-set. Female with uni-spiral amphids..........................
<taxonomicName id="74BC4D21FFD2C555314E0A4B2CD9F892" box="[1343,1436,1885,1906]" class="Adenophorea" family="Draconematidae" genus="Paradraconema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="9" pageNumber="87" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="newelli">
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFD2C555314E0A4B2CD9F892" box="[1343,1436,1885,1906]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="87">P. newelli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="08482E07FFD2C55534E60A6C2CD9F84D" pageId="9" pageNumber="87">
<paragraph id="B30336A2FFD2C55534E60A6C2CD9F86F" blockId="9.[151,1436,1445,2024]" box="[151,1436,1914,1935]" pageId="9" pageNumber="87">
<keyLead id="084D9597FFD2C55534E60A6C2CD9F86F" box="[151,1436,1914,1935]" pageId="9" pageNumber="87">
9. Male with single ventral precloacal Acan-set. Female with 21–22 SvAT...............................
<taxonomicName id="74BC4D21FFD2C55531780A6C2CD9F86F" box="[1289,1436,1914,1935]" class="Adenophorea" family="Draconematidae" genus="Paradraconema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="9" pageNumber="87" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="californicum">
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFD2C55531780A6C2CD9F86F" box="[1289,1436,1914,1935]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="87">P. californicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B30336A2FFD2C55534E60A812CD9F84D" blockId="9.[151,1436,1445,2024]" box="[151,1436,1943,1965]" pageId="9" pageNumber="87">
<keyLead id="084D9597FFD2C55534E60A812CD9F84D" box="[151,1436,1943,1965]" pageId="9" pageNumber="87">
- Male without precloacal Acan-set or Corn-set. Female with 15–18 SvAT................................
<taxonomicName id="74BC4D21FFD2C55531550A8E2CD9F84D" box="[1316,1436,1944,1965]" class="Adenophorea" family="Draconematidae" genus="Paradraconema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="9" pageNumber="87" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="maggentii">
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFD2C55531550A8E2CD9F84D" box="[1316,1436,1944,1965]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="87">P. maggentii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="08482E07FFD2C55534E60AA32CD9F808" pageId="9" pageNumber="87">
<paragraph id="B30336A2FFD2C55534E60AA32CD9F82A" blockId="9.[151,1436,1445,2024]" box="[151,1436,1973,1994]" pageId="9" pageNumber="87">
<keyLead id="084D9597FFD2C55534E60AA32CD9F82A" box="[151,1436,1973,1994]" pageId="9" pageNumber="87">
10. Male and female with 1 pair of Ceph Acan-set and no eyespots.........................................
<taxonomicName id="74BC4D21FFD2C55531440AA32CD9F82A" box="[1333,1436,1973,1994]" class="Adenophorea" family="Draconematidae" genus="Paradraconema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="9" pageNumber="87" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="jejuense">
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFD2C55531440AA32CD9F82A" box="[1333,1436,1973,1994]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="87">P. jejuense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B30336A2FFD2C55534E60AC42CD9F808" blockId="9.[151,1436,1445,2024]" box="[151,1436,2002,2024]" pageId="9" pageNumber="87">
<keyLead id="084D9597FFD2C55534E60AC42CD9F808" box="[151,1436,2002,2024]" pageId="9" pageNumber="87">
- Male and female with 2 pairs of Ceph Acan-set and prominent eyespots...............................
<taxonomicName id="74BC4D21FFD2C55531600AC52CD9F808" box="[1297,1436,2003,2024]" class="Adenophorea" family="Draconematidae" genus="Draconema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="9" pageNumber="87" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="antarcticum">
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFD2C55531600AC52CD9F808" box="[1297,1436,2003,2024]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="87">P. antarcticum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

493
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<mods:title id="077EC6CDC5A5023CE33CB2F92B86E6FE">New species of the genera Draconema Cobb, 1913 and Paradraconema Allen &amp; Noffsinger, 1978 (Nematoda: Draconematidae) from the Andaman Islands, Indian Ocean, with keys to the species</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="C6F6A4B15672F93396B7F01382E5F402">2012</mods:date>
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<treatment id="3B1587B4FFDAC55934E60ED828DDFB40" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5672065" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119556517" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5672065" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3B1587B4FFDAC55934E60ED828DDFB40" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3B1587B4FFDAC55934E60ED828DDFB40" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="83" pageId="1" pageNumber="79">
<subSubSection id="FBA66529FFDAC55D34E60ED829A1FBE9" pageId="1" pageNumber="79" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="B30336A2FFDAC55D34E60ED82B7DFC08" blockId="1.[151,568,974,1033]" box="[151,568,974,1000]" pageId="1" pageNumber="79">
<heading id="E84B81CEFFDAC55D34E60ED82B7DFC08" bold="true" box="[151,568,974,1000]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="79" reason="1">
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFDAC55D34E60ED82B7DFC08" bold="true" box="[151,568,974,1000]" pageId="1" pageNumber="79">
<taxonomicName id="74BC4D21FFDAC55D34E60ED82891FC08" box="[151,468,974,1000]" class="Adenophorea" family="Draconematidae" genus="Draconema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="1" pageNumber="79" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="andamanense" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFDAC55D34E60ED82891FC08" bold="true" box="[151,468,974,1000]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="79">Draconema andamanense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="9AFB57CBFFDAC55D35AB0ED82B7DFC08" box="[474,568,974,1000]" pageId="1" pageNumber="79" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B30336A2FFDAC55D34E60EE729A1FBE9" blockId="1.[151,568,974,1033]" box="[151,228,1009,1033]" pageId="1" pageNumber="79">
(
<figureCitation id="2B872A27FFDAC55D34D10EE7299EFBE9" box="[160,219,1009,1033]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,249,1914,1937]" captionTargetBox="[210,1375,185,1881]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[202,1385,177,1885]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Draconema andamanense sp. nov. Male (A – E, holotype ZIHU 4256): A) Entire body. B) Swollen pharyngeal region. C) Head region, surface view. D) Posterior region. E) Spicule and Gubernaculum. Female (F, G, I, ZIHU 4262; H, ZIHU 4261): F) Entire body. G, H) Amphid. I) Posterior region, left side view; some SvAT missing. Scales: A, F, 50 µm; B, D, I, 20 µm; C, E, G, H, 10 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/212556/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="79">Fig.1</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="FBA66529FFDAC55D34E6092C2B2DFAE5" pageId="1" pageNumber="79" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="B30336A2FFDAC55D34E6092C2B87FB95" blockId="1.[151,1437,1081,2005]" pageId="1" pageNumber="79">
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFDAC55D34E6092C281CFBB2" bold="true" box="[151,345,1081,1106]" pageId="1" pageNumber="79">
<typeStatus id="6C078800FFDAC55D34E6092C2997FBB2" box="[151,210,1082,1106]" pageId="1" pageNumber="79">Type</typeStatus>
specimens.
</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="6C078800FFDAC55D352E092F2889FBB1" box="[351,460,1081,1105]" pageId="1" pageNumber="79" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
: male (
<collectionCode id="D5ADAE67FFDAC55D366A092F2B25FBB1" box="[539,608,1081,1105]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/mc14-1jj5" name="Zoological Institute, Hokkaido University" pageId="1" pageNumber="79">ZIHU</collectionCode>
4256).
<typeStatus id="6C078800FFDAC55D36C7092C2A62FBB2" box="[694,807,1082,1106]" pageId="1" pageNumber="79" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
: four males (
<collectionCode id="D5ADAE67FFDAC55D37C7092F2ABEFBB1" box="[950,1019,1081,1105]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/mc14-1jj5" name="Zoological Institute, Hokkaido University" pageId="1" pageNumber="79">ZIHU</collectionCode>
4257–4260) and five females (
<collectionCode id="D5ADAE67FFDAC55D3126092F2CD9FBB1" box="[1367,1436,1081,1105]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/mc14-1jj5" name="Zoological Institute, Hokkaido University" pageId="1" pageNumber="79">ZIHU</collectionCode>
4261–4265). Coll. T. Chatterjee,
<date id="C7021062FFDAC55D3679094B2BFAFB95" box="[520,703,1117,1141]" pageId="1" pageNumber="79" value="2005-12">December 2005</date>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B30336A2FFDAC55D34B609942B2DFAE5" blockId="1.[151,1437,1081,2005]" pageId="1" pageNumber="79">
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFDAC55D34B6099428BDFB7A" bold="true" box="[199,504,1153,1178]" pageId="1" pageNumber="79">
<typeStatus id="6C078800FFDAC55D34B609942847FB7A" box="[199,258,1154,1178]" pageId="1" pageNumber="79">Type</typeStatus>
locality and habitat.
</emphasis>
Wandoor (
<geoCoordinate id="D6885065FFDAC55D360409972BB9FB79" box="[629,764,1153,1177]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="79" precision="9" value="11.675834">11°40.55’N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="D6885065FFDAC55D377909972AC9FB79" box="[776,908,1153,1177]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="79" precision="9" value="92.752">92°45.12’E</geoCoordinate>
), South Andaman, Andaman Islands; intertidal sediments among macroalgae (
<taxonomicName id="74BC4D21FFDAC55D367A09B32B9AFB5D" box="[523,735,1189,1213]" class="Bryopsidophyceae" family="Halimedaceae" genus="Halimeda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Bryopsidales" pageId="1" pageNumber="79" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="species" species="opuntia">
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFDAC55D367A09B32B9AFB5D" box="[523,735,1189,1213]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="79">Halimeda opuntia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
):
<typeStatus id="6C078800FFDAC55D368E09B32A24FB5D" box="[767,865,1189,1213]" pageId="1" pageNumber="79" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
<collectionCode id="D5ADAE67FFDAC55D370109B02AF6FB5D" box="[880,947,1190,1213]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/mc14-1jj5" name="Zoological Institute, Hokkaido University" pageId="1" pageNumber="79">ZIHU</collectionCode>
4256 and
<typeStatus id="6C078800FFDAC55D303009B02DE8FB5E" box="[1089,1197,1190,1214]" pageId="1" pageNumber="79" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
<collectionCode id="D5ADAE67FFDAC55D30CD09B02DBAFB5D" box="[1212,1279,1190,1213]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/mc14-1jj5" name="Zoological Institute, Hokkaido University" pageId="1" pageNumber="79">ZIHU</collectionCode>
4257, 4265. Burmanalla (
<geoCoordinate id="D6885065FFDAC55D355F09DF28F1FB01" box="[302,436,1225,1249]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="79" precision="9" value="11.5575">11°33.45’N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="D6885065FFDAC55D35B709DF2B0FFB01" box="[454,586,1225,1249]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="79" precision="9" value="92.72967">92°43.78’E</geoCoordinate>
), South Andaman, Andaman Islands; intertidal sediments among mixed macroalgae:
<typeStatus id="6C078800FFDAC55D355609F828D7FAE6" box="[295,402,1262,1286]" pageId="1" pageNumber="79" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
<collectionCode id="D5ADAE67FFDAC55D35E809F82899FAE5" box="[409,476,1262,1285]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/mc14-1jj5" name="Zoological Institute, Hokkaido University" pageId="1" pageNumber="79">ZIHU</collectionCode>
4258–4264.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="FBA66529FFDAC55E34B608042D05FA04" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="80" pageId="1" pageNumber="79" type="description">
<paragraph id="B30336A2FFDAC55D34B608042898FAC9" blockId="1.[151,1437,1081,2005]" box="[199,477,1297,1322]" pageId="1" pageNumber="79">
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFDAC55D34B608042838FACA" bold="true" box="[199,381,1298,1322]" pageId="1" pageNumber="79">Measurements.</emphasis>
Table 1.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B30336A2FFDAC55D34B608232B9BF955" blockId="1.[151,1437,1081,2005]" pageId="1" pageNumber="79">
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFDAC55D34B60823281CFAAE" bold="true" box="[199,345,1333,1358]" pageId="1" pageNumber="79">Description.</emphasis>
MALE. Body shape characteristic for the genus (
<figureCitation id="2B872A27FFDAC55D37DE08232AB1FAAD" box="[943,1012,1333,1357]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,249,1914,1937]" captionTargetBox="[210,1375,185,1881]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[202,1385,177,1885]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Draconema andamanense sp. nov. Male (A – E, holotype ZIHU 4256): A) Entire body. B) Swollen pharyngeal region. C) Head region, surface view. D) Posterior region. E) Spicule and Gubernaculum. Female (F, G, I, ZIHU 4262; H, ZIHU 4261): F) Entire body. G, H) Amphid. I) Posterior region, left side view; some SvAT missing. Scales: A, F, 50 µm; B, D, I, 20 µm; C, E, G, H, 10 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/212556/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="79">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
A). Swollen pharyngeal region 11.8 (11.3–12.4; 11.9±0.4)% of total body length; rest of trunk almost cylindrical, slightly narrowed at middle; tail gradually tapering to conical tip; greatest body diameter at swollen pharyngeal region. Cuticle annulated except for head capsule and tail end. Anteriormost 12–13 (11–14) annules of swollen pharyngeal region (
<figureCitation id="2B872A27FFDAC55D314508B72C38FA59" box="[1332,1405,1441,1465]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,249,1914,1937]" captionTargetBox="[210,1375,185,1881]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[202,1385,177,1885]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Draconema andamanense sp. nov. Male (A – E, holotype ZIHU 4256): A) Entire body. B) Swollen pharyngeal region. C) Head region, surface view. D) Posterior region. E) Spicule and Gubernaculum. Female (F, G, I, ZIHU 4262; H, ZIHU 4261): F) Entire body. G, H) Amphid. I) Posterior region, left side view; some SvAT missing. Scales: A, F, 50 µm; B, D, I, 20 µm; C, E, G, H, 10 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/212556/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="79">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
B) differentiated, large and ornamented with subcuticular markings and vacuoles, 2.8 (2.2–2.8) μm wide; annules 1.7 μm wide at middle of swollen pharyngeal region and 1.1–1.5 μm wide in remaining body region; annules S-shaped laterally at midbody. Somatic setae arranged in eight longitudinal rows (four sublateral, two subventral, two subdorsal) except for swollen pharyngeal region with many short and long setae densely and irregularly distributed and tail with four rows (two subventral and two subdorsal). Most somatic setae hair-like with broadened base, longest in pharyngeal region, 54 (37–54) μm long; some short, truncated setae (3–7μm long) intermingled with rows of hair-like setae and posterior adhesion tubes.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B30336A2FFDAC55E34B60BD72819FE14" blockId="1.[151,1437,1081,2005]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1437,150,1940]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="80" pageId="1" pageNumber="79">
Head capsule (
<figureCitation id="2B872A27FFDAC55D351F0BD728EBF939" box="[366,430,1729,1753]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,249,1914,1937]" captionTargetBox="[210,1375,185,1881]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[202,1385,177,1885]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Draconema andamanense sp. nov. Male (A – E, holotype ZIHU 4256): A) Entire body. B) Swollen pharyngeal region. C) Head region, surface view. D) Posterior region. E) Spicule and Gubernaculum. Female (F, G, I, ZIHU 4262; H, ZIHU 4261): F) Entire body. G, H) Amphid. I) Posterior region, left side view; some SvAT missing. Scales: A, F, 50 µm; B, D, I, 20 µm; C, E, G, H, 10 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/212556/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="79">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
C) well cuticularized, 18.3 (17.3–22.1; 20.2±2.2)% length of swollen pharyngeal region, posteriorly ornamented with faint subcuticular markings. Labial region 4 (4–6) μm in length and 11 (9–13) μm diameter, with six short inner labial setae (4–7 μm long) on lips and a circle of six outer labial setae at posterior end of labial region (4–5 μm long). Cephalic setae not distinguished from subcephalic or cervical setae densely located at anterior head capsule. Amphids elongate loop-shaped, ventral arm longer, extending to near first annule, 15/15 (13–18) μm long and 10/10 (10–12) μm wide. Twelve CAT with enlarged base, arranged in two transverse rows dorsally between amphids, longest tube 31 (31–32) μm long. Stoma narrow, unarmed; yellow-brownish coarse granules gathered near labial region. Pharynx dumbbell-shaped, with enlarged corpus and well developed posterior bulb, separated by isthmus, 30 (26–30) μm diameter near middle of posterior bulb. Cardia narrow, about 16 (13–18) μm long. Nerve ring obscure, surrounding isthmus of pharynx, about 0.6 (0.5–0.6) pharyngeal length from anterior body end. PAT broadened basally, with bell-shaped ends, arranged in four longitudinal rows (
<figureCitation id="2B872A27FFD9C55E31430DC92C31FF17" box="[1330,1396,223,247]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,249,1914,1937]" captionTargetBox="[210,1375,185,1881]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[202,1385,177,1885]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Draconema andamanense sp. nov. Male (A – E, holotype ZIHU 4256): A) Entire body. B) Swollen pharyngeal region. C) Head region, surface view. D) Posterior region. E) Spicule and Gubernaculum. Female (F, G, I, ZIHU 4262; H, ZIHU 4261): F) Entire body. G, H) Amphid. I) Posterior region, left side view; some SvAT missing. Scales: A, F, 50 µm; B, D, I, 20 µm; C, E, G, H, 10 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/212556/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="80">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
D). SlAT in two rows, each consisting of nine adhesion tubes (A) and four intermingled long setae (S) in order A–A–S–A–A–S–A–A–S–A–A–S–A from anterior; anteriormost and posteriormost tubes 59 (49–59) μm and 42 (37–44) μm long, respectively. SvAT in two rows each consisting of 11 (10–11) tubes, the two rows almost converging posteriorly; posterior five tubes of each row located alternately near ventral line with a wider spacing than that in anterior tubes; anteriormost and posteriormost tubes 43 (41–49) μm and 30 (25–30) μm long, respectively. Region with PAT (between anteriormost and posteriormost SvAT) 13.6 (12.3–15.0; 13.8±1.1)% of total body length.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B30336A2FFD9C55E34B60CE92861FD0F" blockId="2.[151,1437,150,1940]" pageId="2" pageNumber="80">
Reproductive system with single outstretched testis; anterior end located at about 14 (14–40)% of body length from anterior body end. Spicules (
<figureCitation id="2B872A27FFD9C55E36450F322B3DFDDC" box="[564,632,548,572]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,249,1914,1937]" captionTargetBox="[210,1375,185,1881]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[202,1385,177,1885]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Draconema andamanense sp. nov. Male (A – E, holotype ZIHU 4256): A) Entire body. B) Swollen pharyngeal region. C) Head region, surface view. D) Posterior region. E) Spicule and Gubernaculum. Female (F, G, I, ZIHU 4262; H, ZIHU 4261): F) Entire body. G, H) Amphid. I) Posterior region, left side view; some SvAT missing. Scales: A, F, 50 µm; B, D, I, 20 µm; C, E, G, H, 10 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/212556/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="80">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
E) arcuate, proximally with knob-like cephalation, 2.1/2.2 (1.9–2.2; 2.1±0.1) abd long, about 4–5 μm wide at middle. Gubernaculum somewhat wavy, 47/42 (37–47; 43±2.4)% of spicule length; with weakly cuticularized distal dilation, proximal end curved anteriorly. Cloacal flap short. Four cloacal setae present; two short inner setae with very enlarged base, unevenly tapered, 6–7 (4–10) μm long; two outer setae uniformly tapering, anterior seta longer than posterior one, 15 (12–16) μm and 12 (9–13) μm long, respectively.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B30336A2FFD9C55E34B60FEA2DE9FC27" blockId="2.[151,1437,150,1940]" pageId="2" pageNumber="80">Tail cylindro-conoid, gradually tapering to non-annulated tail end, 4.4 (3.9–4.4; 4.1±0.20) abd long. Six somatic setae on each side of annulated tail region, three subventral and three subdorsal; middle subdorsal seta longer, 21 (16–22) μm long. Non-annulated tail end length 0.3 (0.32–0.35) of total tail length, dorsally vacuolated, with six setae on each side; long subdorsal seta close to last complete annule, 35 (29–37) μm long; short hair-like seta and short truncate seta closely situated at middle of lateral side, 45/44 (36–49; 42.3±4.1)% of non–annulated end from last complete annule. Caudal glands extending to 4 (3.1–4.5) abd anterior to cloaca.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B30336A2FFD9C55E34B60EC22AC9FB7F" blockId="2.[151,1437,150,1940]" pageId="2" pageNumber="80">
FEMALE. Body similar to male in most respects (
<figureCitation id="2B872A27FFD9C55E37400EC22A32FC0C" box="[817,887,980,1004]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,249,1914,1937]" captionTargetBox="[210,1375,185,1881]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[202,1385,177,1885]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Draconema andamanense sp. nov. Male (A – E, holotype ZIHU 4256): A) Entire body. B) Swollen pharyngeal region. C) Head region, surface view. D) Posterior region. E) Spicule and Gubernaculum. Female (F, G, I, ZIHU 4262; H, ZIHU 4261): F) Entire body. G, H) Amphid. I) Posterior region, left side view; some SvAT missing. Scales: A, F, 50 µm; B, D, I, 20 µm; C, E, G, H, 10 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/212556/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="80">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
F). Greatest body diameter mostly at swollen pharyngeal region, sometimes around level of vulva. Amphids generally uni-spiral, sometimes loop-shaped to unispiral, 9/11 (9–14) μm long and 10/10 (10–12) μm wide (
<figureCitation id="2B872A27FFD9C55E3763090A2A0AFBD4" box="[786,847,1052,1076]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,249,1914,1937]" captionTargetBox="[210,1375,185,1881]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[202,1385,177,1885]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Draconema andamanense sp. nov. Male (A – E, holotype ZIHU 4256): A) Entire body. B) Swollen pharyngeal region. C) Head region, surface view. D) Posterior region. E) Spicule and Gubernaculum. Female (F, G, I, ZIHU 4262; H, ZIHU 4261): F) Entire body. G, H) Amphid. I) Posterior region, left side view; some SvAT missing. Scales: A, F, 50 µm; B, D, I, 20 µm; C, E, G, H, 10 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/212556/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="80">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
G, H). Longest somatic seta in pharyngeal region, 48 (44–59) μm long. PAT arranged in four longitudinal rows (
<figureCitation id="2B872A27FFD9C55E375F09292A2BFBB7" box="[814,878,1087,1111]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,249,1914,1937]" captionTargetBox="[210,1375,185,1881]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[202,1385,177,1885]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Draconema andamanense sp. nov. Male (A – E, holotype ZIHU 4256): A) Entire body. B) Swollen pharyngeal region. C) Head region, surface view. D) Posterior region. E) Spicule and Gubernaculum. Female (F, G, I, ZIHU 4262; H, ZIHU 4261): F) Entire body. G, H) Amphid. I) Posterior region, left side view; some SvAT missing. Scales: A, F, 50 µm; B, D, I, 20 µm; C, E, G, H, 10 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/212556/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="80">
Fig.
<date id="C7021062FFD9C55E371309292A2BFBB7" box="[866,878,1087,1111]" pageId="2" pageNumber="80">1</date>
</figureCitation>
I), two sublateral rows of 14/14 (14/14–15) tubes and two subventral rows of 13/12 (12–14) tubes; short truncate setae intermingled with sublateral adhesion tubes. Region with PAT 15.2 (13.9–16.6; 15.3±1.1)% of total body length.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B30336A2FFD9C55E34B609BA2843FACF" blockId="2.[151,1437,150,1940]" pageId="2" pageNumber="80">Reproductive system amphidelphic. Ovaries on left side of intestine, reflexed to left side, anterior branch length to flexure 28 (9–28) and posterior branch length to flexure 17 (9–17)% of total body length. Vulva slightly protruded, located near midbody, with two short paravulval setae (5–6 μm long) located a short distance lateral to the vulva.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B30336A2FFD9C55E34B6082A2D05FA04" blockId="2.[151,1437,150,1940]" pageId="2" pageNumber="80">Tail cylindro-conoid, gradually tapering to non-annulated tail end, 4.6 (4.6–5.4; 5.0±0.3) abd long. Four or five somatic setae on each side of annulated tail region, second subdorsal seta longer, 24 (21–24) μm long. Nonannulated end length 0.4 (0.42–0.46) of total tail length, with five setae in each side; longest subdorsal seta 42 (32–42) μm long; short truncate seta situated laterally at 47/43 (43–58; 52.0 ± 4.9)% of non-annulated end from last complete annule. Caudal glands extending to 2.4 (2.4–6.0) abd anterior to anus.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="FBA66529FFD9C55E34B608E62D7BF93F" pageId="2" pageNumber="80" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="B30336A2FFD9C55E34B608E62ADEF9E7" blockId="2.[151,1437,150,1940]" box="[199,923,1519,1544]" pageId="2" pageNumber="80">
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFD9C55E34B608E6280BF9E8" bold="true" box="[199,334,1520,1544]" pageId="2" pageNumber="80">Etymology.</emphasis>
Named after the
<typeStatus id="6C078800FFD9C55E367E08E62B7AF9E8" box="[527,575,1520,1544]" pageId="2" pageNumber="80">type</typeStatus>
locality, the Andaman Islands.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B30336A2FFD9C55E34B60B052D7BF93F" blockId="2.[151,1437,150,1940]" pageId="2" pageNumber="80">
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFD9C55E34B60B052897F9CC" bold="true" box="[199,466,1555,1580]" pageId="2" pageNumber="80">Differential diagnosis.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="74BC4D21FFD9C55E35AF0B032A4DF9CC" box="[478,776,1556,1580]" class="Adenophorea" family="Draconematidae" genus="Draconema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="2" pageNumber="80" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="andamanense" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFD9C55E35AF0B032A4DF9CC" box="[478,776,1556,1580]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="80">Draconema andamanense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFD9C55E37620B022A37F9CC" bold="true" box="[787,882,1556,1580]" pageId="2" pageNumber="80">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="9AFB57CBFFD9C55E37620B022A37F9CC" box="[787,882,1556,1580]" pageId="2" pageNumber="80" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
is characterized in the genus by the following features: body length (960–1291 µm); anteriormost 11–14 annules of swollen pharyngeal region differentiated; spicules with knob-like proximal cephalation; number of posterior adhesion tubes (SlAT,
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male and
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female; SvAT,
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male and
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female); gubernaculum with weak distal dilation (0.4–0.5 spicule length); subventral cloacal setae unevenly tapered; tail length (3.9–4.4 abd in male and 4.6–5.4 abd in female); and non-annulated tail end length 0.3–0.4 and 0.4–0.5 of tail length in male and female.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="FBA66529FFD9C55934B60BFB28DDFB40" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="83" pageId="2" pageNumber="80" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="B30336A2FFD9C55E34B60BFB2D31F874" blockId="2.[151,1437,150,1940]" pageId="2" pageNumber="80">
<taxonomicName id="74BC4D21FFD9C55E34B60BFB280EF8E4" box="[199,331,1773,1796]" class="Adenophorea" family="Draconematidae" genus="Draconema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="2" pageNumber="80" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFD9C55E34B60BFB280EF8E4" box="[199,331,1773,1796]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="80">Draconema</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has so far consisted of the following nine species (
<bibRefCitation id="D72D4B53FFD9C55E37FC0BFA2D3EF8E4" author="Venekey" box="[909,1147,1772,1796]" pageId="2" pageNumber="80" refString="Venekey, V., Lage, L. M. &amp; Da Fonseca-Genevois, V. (2005) Draconema brasiliensis and Draconema fluminensis (Chromadorida, Draconematidae): two new species of free living nematodes from a rocky shore affected by upwelling on the Brazilian coast. Zootaxa, 1090, 51 - 64." type="journal article" year="2005">
Venekey
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFD9C55E37860BFB2D75F8E4" box="[1015,1072,1772,1796]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="80">et al.</emphasis>
, 2005
</bibRefCitation>
):
<taxonomicName id="74BC4D21FFD9C55E30FE0BFB281EF8C7" authority="Allen &amp; Noffsinger, 1978" authorityName="Allen &amp; Noffsinger" authorityYear="1978" class="Adenophorea" family="Draconematidae" genus="Draconema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="2" pageNumber="80" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="antarcticum">
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFD9C55E30FE0BFB2C7DF8E4" box="[1167,1336,1773,1796]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="80">D. antarcticum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="D72D4B53FFD9C55E31310BFA281EF8C7" author="Allen" pageId="2" pageNumber="80" refString="Allen, M. C. &amp; Noffsinger, E. M. (1978) A revision of the marine nematodes of the superfamily Draconematoidea Filipjev, 1918 (Nematoda: Draconematina). University of California Publication in Zoology, 109, 1 - 133." type="journal article" year="1978">Allen &amp; Noffsinger, 1978</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="74BC4D21FFD9C55E351B0A072D6BF8C7" authority="Venekey, Lage &amp; Da Fonseca-Genevois, 2005" authorityName="Venekey, Lage &amp; Da Fonseca-Genevois" authorityYear="2005" box="[362,1070,1807,1833]" class="Adenophorea" family="Draconematidae" genus="Draconema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="2" pageNumber="80" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="brasiliense">
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFD9C55E351B0A072B4EF8C8" box="[362,523,1808,1832]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="80">D. brasiliense</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="D72D4B53FFD9C55E36670A192D6BF8C7" author="Venekey" box="[534,1070,1807,1833]" pageId="2" pageNumber="80" refString="Venekey, V., Lage, L. M. &amp; Da Fonseca-Genevois, V. (2005) Draconema brasiliensis and Draconema fluminensis (Chromadorida, Draconematidae): two new species of free living nematodes from a rocky shore affected by upwelling on the Brazilian coast. Zootaxa, 1090, 51 - 64." type="journal article" year="2005">Venekey, Lage &amp; Da Fonsêca-Genevois, 2005</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(lapsus
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFD9C55E30E50A062C48F8C8" box="[1172,1293,1808,1832]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="80">brasilensis</emphasis>
;
<bibRefCitation id="D72D4B53FFD9C55E316E0A192997F8AC" author="Rho" pageId="2" pageNumber="80" refString="Rho, H. S., Decraemer, W., Sorensen, M. V., Min, W. G., Jung, J. &amp; Kim, W. (2011) Megadraconema cornutum, a new genus and species from Korea, with a discussion of its classification and relationships within the family Draconematidae (Nematoda, Desmodorida) based on morphological and molecular characters. Zoological Science, 28, 58 - 84." type="journal article" year="2011">
Rho
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFD9C55E31280A072CD0F8C8" box="[1369,1429,1808,1832]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="80">et al.</emphasis>
, 2011
</bibRefCitation>
),
<taxonomicName id="74BC4D21FFD9C55E34990A232B67F8AC" authority="Cobb, 1913" authorityName="Cobb" authorityYear="1913" box="[232,546,1844,1868]" class="Adenophorea" family="Draconematidae" genus="Draconema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="2" pageNumber="80" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="cephalatum">
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFD9C55E34990A2328D5F8AC" box="[232,400,1844,1868]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="80">D. cephalatum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="D72D4B53FFD9C55E35EB0A222B67F8AC" author="Cobb" box="[410,546,1844,1868]" pageId="2" pageNumber="80" refString="Cobb, N. A. (1913) Draconema: A remarkable genus of marine free-living nematodes. Journal of Washington Academy of Sciences, 3, 145 - 149." type="journal article" year="1913">Cobb, 1913</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="74BC4D21FFD9C55E36410A232AA2F8AC" authority="Allen &amp; Noffsinger, 1978" authorityName="Allen &amp; Noffsinger" authorityYear="1978" box="[560,999,1844,1868]" class="Adenophorea" family="Draconematidae" genus="Draconema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="2" pageNumber="80" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="chilense">
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFD9C55E36410A232BF4F8AC" box="[560,689,1844,1868]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="80">D. chilense</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="D72D4B53FFD9C55E36CA0A222AA2F8AC" author="Allen" box="[699,999,1844,1868]" pageId="2" pageNumber="80" refString="Allen, M. C. &amp; Noffsinger, E. M. (1978) A revision of the marine nematodes of the superfamily Draconematoidea Filipjev, 1918 (Nematoda: Draconematina). University of California Publication in Zoology, 109, 1 - 133." type="journal article" year="1978">Allen &amp; Noffsinger, 1978</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="74BC4D21FFD9C55E37840A232C37F8AC" authority="Mechnikov, 1867" authorityName="Mechnikov" authorityYear="1867" box="[1013,1394,1844,1868]" class="Adenophorea" family="Draconematidae" genus="Draconema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="2" pageNumber="80" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="claparedii">
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFD9C55E37840A232DC9F8AC" box="[1013,1164,1844,1868]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="80">D. claparedii</emphasis>
(Mechnikov, 1867)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="74BC4D21FFD9C55E31F00A232A79F890" authority="Venekey, Lage &amp; Da Fonseca-Genevois, 2005" authorityName="Venekey, Lage &amp; Da Fonseca-Genevois" authorityYear="2005" class="Adenophorea" family="Draconematidae" genus="Draconema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="2" pageNumber="80" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="fluminense">
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFD9C55E31F00A232855F890" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="80">D. fluminense</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="D72D4B53FFD9C55E356D0A4E2A79F890" author="Venekey" box="[284,828,1880,1905]" pageId="2" pageNumber="80" refString="Venekey, V., Lage, L. M. &amp; Da Fonseca-Genevois, V. (2005) Draconema brasiliensis and Draconema fluminensis (Chromadorida, Draconematidae): two new species of free living nematodes from a rocky shore affected by upwelling on the Brazilian coast. Zootaxa, 1090, 51 - 64." type="journal article" year="2005">Venekey, Lage &amp; Da Fonsêca-Genevois, 2005</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(lapsus
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFD9C55E37D50A4E2D61F890" box="[932,1060,1880,1904]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="80">fluminensis</emphasis>
;
<bibRefCitation id="D72D4B53FFD9C55E30490A4E2DBBF890" author="Rho" box="[1080,1278,1880,1904]" pageId="2" pageNumber="80" refString="Rho, H. S., Decraemer, W., Sorensen, M. V., Min, W. G., Jung, J. &amp; Kim, W. (2011) Megadraconema cornutum, a new genus and species from Korea, with a discussion of its classification and relationships within the family Draconematidae (Nematoda, Desmodorida) based on morphological and molecular characters. Zoological Science, 28, 58 - 84." type="journal article" year="2011">
Rho
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFD9C55E30020A4F2DF5F890" box="[1139,1200,1880,1904]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="80">et al.</emphasis>
, 2011
</bibRefCitation>
),
<taxonomicName id="74BC4D21FFD9C55E31660A4F283FF874" authority="Irwin-Smith, 1918" authorityName="Irwin-Smith" authorityYear="1918" class="Adenophorea" family="Draconematidae" genus="Draconema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="2" pageNumber="80" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="haswelli">
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFD9C55E31660A4F2CD9F890" box="[1303,1436,1880,1904]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="80">D. haswelli</emphasis>
(Irwin-Smith, 1918)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="74BC4D21FFD9C55E35F70A6B2BE5F874" authority="Kito, 1976" authorityName="Kito" authorityYear="1976" box="[390,672,1916,1940]" class="Adenophorea" family="Draconematidae" genus="Draconema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="2" pageNumber="80" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="japonicum">
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFD9C55E35F70A6B2B5BF874" box="[390,542,1917,1940]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="80">D. japonicum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="D72D4B53FFD9C55E36570A6A2BE5F874" author="Kito" box="[550,672,1916,1940]" pageId="2" pageNumber="80" refString="Kito, K. (1976) Studies on the free-living marine nematodes from Hokkaido, I. Journal of the Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Series VI, Zoology, 20, 568 - 578." type="journal article" year="1976">Kito, 1976</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="74BC4D21FFD9C55E36AA0A6B2D2AF874" authority="Claparede, 1863" authorityName="Claparede" authorityYear="1863" box="[731,1135,1916,1940]" class="Adenophorea" family="Draconematidae" genus="Draconema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="2" pageNumber="80" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="ophicephalum">
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFD9C55E36AA0A6B2ADEF874" box="[731,923,1916,1940]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="80">D. ophicephalum</emphasis>
(Claparéde, 1863)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="E7C3662AFFDFC55834E60A6C28C1F80C" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/212556/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="82" targetBox="[210,1375,185,1881]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="B30336A2FFDFC55834E60A6C28C1F80C" blockId="4.[151,1436,1914,2028]" pageId="4" pageNumber="82">
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFDFC55834E60A6C29BCF871" bold="true" box="[151,249,1914,1937]" pageId="4" pageNumber="82">FIGURE</emphasis>
1.
<taxonomicName id="74BC4D21FFDFC558356F0A6D2B6CF870" box="[286,553,1914,1936]" class="Adenophorea" family="Draconematidae" genus="Draconema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="4" pageNumber="82" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="andamanense" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFDFC558356F0A6D2B6CF870" box="[286,553,1914,1936]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="82">Draconema andamanense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFDFC55836430A6D2BC0F870" bold="true" box="[562,645,1915,1936]" pageId="4" pageNumber="82">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="9AFB57CBFFDFC55836430A6D2BC0F870" box="[562,645,1915,1936]" pageId="4" pageNumber="82" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
Male (A–E, holotype ZIHU 4256): A) Entire body. B) Swollen pharyngeal region. C) Head region, surface view. D) Posterior region. E) Spicule and Gubernaculum. Female (F, G, I, ZIHU 4262; H, ZIHU 4261): F) Entire body. G, H) Amphid. I) Posterior region, left side view; some SvAT missing. Scales: A, F, 50 µm; B, D, I, 20 µm; C, E, G, H, 10 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="B30336A2FFDEC55934B60D812A40FE4C" blockId="5.[151,1436,151,1184]" pageId="5" pageNumber="83">
Of the known species,
<taxonomicName id="74BC4D21FFDEC55935BB0D8F2BC2FF50" box="[458,647,152,176]" class="Adenophorea" family="Draconematidae" genus="Draconema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="83" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="andamanense" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFDEC55935BB0D8F2BC2FF50" box="[458,647,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="83">D. andamanense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFDEC55936FE0D8E2BAFFF50" bold="true" box="[655,746,152,176]" pageId="5" pageNumber="83">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="9AFB57CBFFDEC55936FE0D8E2BAFFF50" box="[655,746,152,176]" pageId="5" pageNumber="83" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
clearly differs from
<taxonomicName id="74BC4D21FFDEC55937A40D8F2D11FF50" box="[981,1108,152,176]" class="Adenophorea" family="Draconematidae" genus="Draconema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="83" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="chilense">
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFDEC55937A40D8F2D11FF50" box="[981,1108,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="83">D. chilense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="74BC4D21FFDEC55930FD0D8F2C0BFF50" box="[1164,1358,152,176]" class="Adenophorea" family="Draconematidae" genus="Draconema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="83" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="ophicephalum">
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFDEC55930FD0D8F2C0BFF50" box="[1164,1358,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="83">D. ophicephalum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the number of sublateral posterior adhesion tubes (SlAT 9 vs.
<quantity id="74449B47FFDEC559375B0DAA2AC8FF34" box="[810,909,188,212]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.191" metricValueMax="4.826" metricValueMin="3.556" pageId="5" pageNumber="83" unit="in" value="16.5" valueMax="19.0" valueMin="14.0">14–19 in</quantity>
male and 14–15 vs.
<quantity id="74449B47FFDEC55930080DAA2D98FF34" box="[1145,1245,188,212]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.334" metricValueMax="6.096" metricValueMin="4.572" pageId="5" pageNumber="83" unit="in" value="21.0" valueMax="24.0" valueMin="18.0">18–24 in</quantity>
female:
<bibRefCitation id="D72D4B53FFDEC55931310DAA2816FF17" author="Allen" pageId="5" pageNumber="83" refString="Allen, M. C. &amp; Noffsinger, E. M. (1978) A revision of the marine nematodes of the superfamily Draconematoidea Filipjev, 1918 (Nematoda: Draconematina). University of California Publication in Zoology, 109, 1 - 133." type="journal article" year="1978">Allen &amp; Noffsinger 1978</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="D72D4B53FFDEC559352E0DC92B6FFF17" author="Rho" box="[351,554,223,247]" pageId="5" pageNumber="83" refString="Rho, H. S. &amp; Kim, W. (2004) Redescription of the free-living marine nematode species, Draconema japonicum Kito, 1976 (Nematoda: Draconematidae), by scanning electron microscopy. Korean Journal of Biological Science, 8, 235 - 245." type="journal article" year="2004">Rho &amp; Kim 2004</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="D72D4B53FFDEC55936470DC92A5BFF17" author="Venekey" box="[566,798,223,248]" pageId="5" pageNumber="83" refString="Venekey, V., Lage, L. M. &amp; Da Fonseca-Genevois, V. (2005) Draconema brasiliensis and Draconema fluminensis (Chromadorida, Draconematidae): two new species of free living nematodes from a rocky shore affected by upwelling on the Brazilian coast. Zootaxa, 1090, 51 - 64." type="journal article" year="2005">
Venekey
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFDEC55936EE0DF72B9CFF18" box="[671,729,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="83">et al.</emphasis>
2005
</bibRefCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="74BC4D21FFDEC55937400DF72AAAFF18" box="[817,1007,224,248]" class="Adenophorea" family="Draconematidae" genus="Draconema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="83" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="andamanense" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFDEC55937400DF72AAAFF18" box="[817,1007,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="83">D. andamanense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFDEC55937860DF62D17FF18" bold="true" box="[1015,1106,224,248]" pageId="5" pageNumber="83">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="9AFB57CBFFDEC55937860DF62D17FF18" box="[1015,1106,224,248]" pageId="5" pageNumber="83" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
resembles
<taxonomicName id="74BC4D21FFDEC55930A20DF72C34FF18" box="[1235,1393,224,248]" class="Adenophorea" family="Draconematidae" genus="Draconema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="83" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="brasiliense">
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFDEC55930A20DF72C34FF18" box="[1235,1393,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="83">D. brasiliense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="74BC4D21FFDEC55931F00DF7285FFEFC" class="Adenophorea" family="Draconematidae" genus="Draconema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="83" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="cephalatum">
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFDEC55931F00DF7285FFEFC" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="83">D. cephalatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="74BC4D21FFDEC55935590C132885FEFC" box="[296,448,261,284]" class="Adenophorea" family="Draconematidae" genus="Draconema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="83" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="japonicum">
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFDEC55935590C132885FEFC" box="[296,448,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="83">D. japonicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="74BC4D21FFDEC559358E0C132BECFEFC" box="[511,681,260,284]" class="Adenophorea" family="Draconematidae" genus="Draconema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="83" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="fuluminense">
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFDEC559358E0C132BECFEFC" box="[511,681,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="83">D. fuluminense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having unevenly tapered subventral cloacal setae, as opposed to uniformly tapered setae in the remaining three species,
<taxonomicName id="74BC4D21FFDEC559368C0C3F2AE1FEA0" box="[765,932,297,320]" class="Adenophorea" family="Draconematidae" genus="Draconema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="83" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="antarcticum">
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFDEC559368C0C3F2AE1FEA0" box="[765,932,297,320]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="83">D. antarcticum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="74BC4D21FFDEC55937C30C3F2D03FEA0" box="[946,1094,296,320]" class="Adenophorea" family="Draconematidae" genus="Draconema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="83" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="claparedii">
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFDEC55937C30C3F2D03FEA0" box="[946,1094,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="83">D. claparedii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="74BC4D21FFDEC55930F30C3F2C45FEA0" box="[1154,1280,296,320]" class="Adenophorea" family="Draconematidae" genus="Draconema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="83" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="haswelli">
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFDEC55930F30C3F2C45FEA0" box="[1154,1280,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="83">D. haswelli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. However,
<taxonomicName id="74BC4D21FFDEC55931F00C3F2874FE84" class="Adenophorea" family="Draconematidae" genus="Draconema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="83" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="andamanense">
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFDEC55931F00C3F2874FE84" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="83">D. andamanense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a smaller number of subventral adhesion tubes (SvAT;
<quantity id="74449B47FFDEC55937BF0C5A2D75FE84" box="[974,1072,332,356]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.667" metricValueMax="2.794" metricValueMin="2.54" pageId="5" pageNumber="83" unit="in" value="10.5" valueMax="11.0" valueMin="10.0">10–11 in</quantity>
male and
<quantity id="74449B47FFDEC55930D40C5A2C4DFE84" box="[1189,1288,332,356]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.302" metricValueMax="3.556" metricValueMin="3.048" pageId="5" pageNumber="83" unit="in" value="13.0" valueMax="14.0" valueMin="12.0">12–14 in</quantity>
female) than
<taxonomicName id="74BC4D21FFDEC55934E60C672871FE68" box="[151,308,368,392]" class="Adenophorea" family="Draconematidae" genus="Draconema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="83" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="brasiliense">
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFDEC55934E60C672871FE68" box="[151,308,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="83">D. brasiliense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="74BC4D21FFDEC55935330C6728A3FE68" box="[322,486,368,392]" class="Adenophorea" family="Draconematidae" genus="Draconema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="83" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="cephalatum">
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFDEC55935330C6728A3FE68" box="[322,486,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="83">D. cephalatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="74BC4D21FFDEC55935850C672BC9FE68" box="[500,652,369,392]" class="Adenophorea" family="Draconematidae" genus="Draconema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="83" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="japonicum">
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFDEC55935850C672BC9FE68" box="[500,652,369,392]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="83">D. japonicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="74BC4D21FFDEC55936BB0C672A36FE68" box="[714,883,368,392]" class="Adenophorea" family="Draconematidae" genus="Draconema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="83" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="fuluminense">
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFDEC55936BB0C672A36FE68" box="[714,883,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="83">D. fuluminense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<quantity id="74449B47FFDEC55937F30C792AA3FE67" box="[898,998,367,391]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.191" metricValueMax="4.826" metricValueMin="3.556" pageId="5" pageNumber="83" unit="in" value="16.5" valueMax="19.0" valueMin="14.0">14–19 in</quantity>
both sexes; cf. the comparison table of species morphological features in
<bibRefCitation id="D72D4B53FFDEC55936670C822BBCFE4C" author="Venekey" box="[534,761,404,428]" pageId="5" pageNumber="83" refString="Venekey, V., Lage, L. M. &amp; Da Fonseca-Genevois, V. (2005) Draconema brasiliensis and Draconema fluminensis (Chromadorida, Draconematidae): two new species of free living nematodes from a rocky shore affected by upwelling on the Brazilian coast. Zootaxa, 1090, 51 - 64." type="journal article" year="2005">
Venekey
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFDEC559360C0C832BF0FE4C" box="[637,693,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="83">et al.</emphasis>
2005
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B30336A2FFDEC55934B60CAE2D16FD2C" blockId="5.[151,1436,151,1184]" pageId="5" pageNumber="83">
In having a gubernaculum with peculiar distal dilation,
<taxonomicName id="74BC4D21FFDEC55937360CAF2D43FE30" box="[839,1030,440,464]" class="Adenophorea" family="Draconematidae" genus="Draconema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="83" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="andamanense">
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFDEC55937360CAF2D43FE30" box="[839,1030,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="83">D. andamanense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is similar to
<taxonomicName id="74BC4D21FFDEC55930D00CAF2C79FE30" box="[1185,1340,441,464]" class="Adenophorea" family="Draconematidae" genus="Draconema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="83" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="japonicum">
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFDEC55930D00CAF2C79FE30" box="[1185,1340,441,464]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="83">D. japonicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but the dilation of
<taxonomicName id="74BC4D21FFDEC559356D0CCB289BFE14" box="[284,478,476,500]" class="Adenophorea" family="Draconematidae" genus="Draconema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="83" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="andamanense">
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFDEC559356D0CCB289BFE14" box="[284,478,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="83">D. andamanense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is weakly cuticularized and not as conspicuous as in
<taxonomicName id="74BC4D21FFDEC55930160CCB2C41FE14" box="[1127,1284,477,500]" class="Adenophorea" family="Draconematidae" genus="Draconema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="83" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="japonicum">
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFDEC55930160CCB2C41FE14" box="[1127,1284,477,500]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="83">D. japonicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="74BC4D21FFDEC55931690CCB2874FDF8" class="Adenophorea" family="Draconematidae" genus="Draconema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="83" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="andamanense">
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFDEC55931690CCB2874FDF8" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="83">Draconema andamanense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
also differs from
<taxonomicName id="74BC4D21FFDEC55936780F172BE3FDF8" box="[521,678,513,536]" class="Adenophorea" family="Draconematidae" genus="Draconema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="83" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="japonicum">
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFDEC55936780F172BE3FDF8" box="[521,678,513,536]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="83">D. japonicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the following features: rather shorter spicule (56–67 μm and 1.9–2.2 abd long vs. 61–93 μm and 2.2–3.1 abd long), longer gubernaculum (25–28 μm and 0.4–0.5 spicule length vs. 17–25 μm and about 0.3 spicule length) and longer female tail (103–114 μm and 4.6–5.4 abd long vs. 74–103 μm and 3.7–4.3 abd) (
<bibRefCitation id="D72D4B53FFDEC55935FF0F7A2B4EFD64" author="Kito" box="[398,523,620,644]" pageId="5" pageNumber="83" refString="Kito, K. (1976) Studies on the free-living marine nematodes from Hokkaido, I. Journal of the Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Series VI, Zoology, 20, 568 - 578." type="journal article" year="1976">Kito, 1976</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="D72D4B53FFDEC55936670F7A2B14FD64" author="Kito" box="[534,593,620,644]" pageId="5" pageNumber="83" refString="Kito, K. (1979) Notes on the postembryonic development of Draconema japonicum Kito, 1976 (Nematoda: Draconematidae). Journal of the Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Series VI, Zoology, 22, 88 - 98." type="journal article" year="1979">1979</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="D72D4B53FFDEC559362C0F7A2A69FD64" author="Rho" box="[605,812,620,644]" pageId="5" pageNumber="83" refString="Rho, H. S. &amp; Kim, W. (2004) Redescription of the free-living marine nematode species, Draconema japonicum Kito, 1976 (Nematoda: Draconematidae), by scanning electron microscopy. Korean Journal of Biological Science, 8, 235 - 245." type="journal article" year="2004">Rho &amp; Kim, 2004</bibRefCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="74BC4D21FFDEC559374E0F7B2D21FD64" box="[831,1124,620,644]" class="Adenophorea" family="Draconematidae" genus="Draconema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="83" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="andamanense">
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFDEC559374E0F7B2D21FD64" box="[831,1124,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="83">Draconema andamanense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is similar to
<taxonomicName id="74BC4D21FFDEC55930860F7B2CD9FD64" box="[1271,1436,620,644]" class="Adenophorea" family="Draconematidae" genus="Draconema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="83" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="cephalatum">
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFDEC55930860F7B2CD9FD64" box="[1271,1436,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="83">D. cephalatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in general morphometric features but differs from it in having a simple gubernaculum with no distal dilation and a larger number of SvAT (14–18 tubes) (
<bibRefCitation id="D72D4B53FFDEC559363B0FA22B95FD2C" author="Cobb" box="[586,720,692,716]" pageId="5" pageNumber="83" refString="Cobb, N. A. (1913) Draconema: A remarkable genus of marine free-living nematodes. Journal of Washington Academy of Sciences, 3, 145 - 149." type="journal article" year="1913">Cobb, 1913</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="D72D4B53FFDEC55936AD0FA22A52FD2C" author="Cobb" box="[732,791,692,716]" pageId="5" pageNumber="83" refString="Cobb, N. A. (1929) The ambulatory tubes and other features of the nema Draconema cephalatum. Journal of Washington Academy of Sciences, 19, 255 - 260." type="journal article" year="1929">1929</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="D72D4B53FFDEC55937530FA22D03FD2C" author="Allen" box="[802,1094,692,716]" pageId="5" pageNumber="83" refString="Allen, M. C. &amp; Noffsinger, E. M. (1978) A revision of the marine nematodes of the superfamily Draconematoidea Filipjev, 1918 (Nematoda: Draconematina). University of California Publication in Zoology, 109, 1 - 133." type="journal article" year="1978">Allen &amp; Noffsinger, 1978</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B30336A2FFDEC55934B60FC12B2AFC0C" blockId="5.[151,1436,151,1184]" pageId="5" pageNumber="83">
The two Brazilian species
<taxonomicName id="74BC4D21FFDEC559358A0FCF2BDFFD10" box="[507,666,728,752]" class="Adenophorea" family="Draconematidae" genus="Draconema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="83" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="brasiliense">
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFDEC559358A0FCF2BDFFD10" box="[507,666,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="83">D. brasiliense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="74BC4D21FFDEC55936A70FCF2A31FD10" box="[726,884,728,752]" class="Adenophorea" family="Draconematidae" genus="Draconema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="83" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="fluminense">
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFDEC55936A70FCF2A31FD10" box="[726,884,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="83">D. fluminense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are characteristic in the genus by having larger numbers of anteriormost large annules (15–16 vs.
<quantity id="74449B47FFDEC55936920FEA2A0DFCF4" box="[739,840,764,788]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.175" metricValueMax="3.556" metricValueMin="2.794" pageId="5" pageNumber="83" unit="in" value="12.5" valueMax="14.0" valueMin="11.0">11–14 in</quantity>
the other species). In addition,
<taxonomicName id="74BC4D21FFDEC55930CE0FEB2C3AFCF4" box="[1215,1407,764,788]" class="Adenophorea" family="Draconematidae" genus="Draconema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="83" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="andamanense">
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFDEC55930CE0FEB2C3AFCF4" box="[1215,1407,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="83">D. andamanense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is distinguished from the Brazilian species by gubernaculum length (25–28 μm vs. 34–44 μm in
<taxonomicName id="74BC4D21FFDEC55930BD0E372C2EFCD8" box="[1228,1387,800,824]" class="Adenophorea" family="Draconematidae" genus="Draconema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="83" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="brasiliense">
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFDEC55930BD0E372C2EFCD8" box="[1228,1387,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="83">D. brasiliense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 31–44 μm in
<taxonomicName id="74BC4D21FFDEC559355E0E53288EFCBC" box="[303,459,836,860]" class="Adenophorea" family="Draconematidae" genus="Draconema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="83" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="fluminense">
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFDEC559355E0E53288EFCBC" box="[303,459,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="83">D. fluminense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and tail length (3.9–4.4 abd in male and
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female vs. 2.5–3.4 and 3.0–
<quantity id="74449B47FFDEC559312D0E522CD9FCBC" box="[1372,1436,836,860]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0413999999999999" pageId="5" pageNumber="83" unit="in" value="4.1">4.1 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName id="74BC4D21FFDEC55934E60E7F287CFC60" box="[151,313,872,896]" class="Adenophorea" family="Draconematidae" genus="Draconema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="83" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="brasiliense">
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFDEC55934E60E7F287CFC60" box="[151,313,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="83">D. brasiliense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 2.5–3.7 and
<quantity id="74449B47FFDEC55935900E712B12FC9F" box="[481,599,871,895]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.636" metricValueMax="11.43" metricValueMin="5.842" pageId="5" pageNumber="83" unit="in" value="3.4" valueMax="4.5" valueMin="2.3">2.3–4.5 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName id="74BC4D21FFDEC55936120E7F2A46FC60" box="[611,771,872,896]" class="Adenophorea" family="Draconematidae" genus="Draconema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="83" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="fluminense">
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFDEC55936120E7F2A46FC60" box="[611,771,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="83">D. fluminense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
<bibRefCitation id="D72D4B53FFDEC55937510E712D64FC9F" box="[800,1057,871,896]" pageId="5" pageNumber="83" refString="Venekey, V., Lage, L. M. &amp; Da Fonseca-Genevois, V. (2005) Draconema brasiliensis and Draconema fluminensis (Chromadorida, Draconematidae): two new species of free living nematodes from a rocky shore affected by upwelling on the Brazilian coast. Zootaxa, 1090, 51 - 64." type="journal article">
Venekey
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFDEC55937FD0E7F2A8FFC60" box="[908,970,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="83">et al.</emphasis>
(2005)
</bibRefCitation>
described that the males of the Brazilian species have the gubernaculum with either a reduced lateral wing (
<taxonomicName id="74BC4D21FFDEC55930730E9B2DE4FC44" box="[1026,1185,908,932]" class="Adenophorea" family="Draconematidae" genus="Draconema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="83" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="brasiliense">
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFDEC55930730E9B2DE4FC44" box="[1026,1185,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="83">D. brasiliense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) or a lateral wing (
<taxonomicName id="74BC4D21FFDEC55931F00E9B2855FC28" class="Adenophorea" family="Draconematidae" genus="Draconema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="83" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="fluminense">
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFDEC55931F00E9B2855FC28" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="83">D. fluminense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). No comparison of this feature is possible, however, because there was no additional information about the feature in their original text or figures.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B30336A2FFDEC55934B60EEF28DDFB40" blockId="5.[151,1436,151,1184]" pageId="5" pageNumber="83">
<taxonomicName id="74BC4D21FFDEC55934B60EEF28A9FBF0" box="[199,492,1016,1040]" class="Adenophorea" family="Draconematidae" genus="Draconema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="83" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="andamanense" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFDEC55934B60EEF28A9FBF0" box="[199,492,1016,1040]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="83">Draconema andamanense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFDEC55935830EEE2B0EFBF0" bold="true" box="[498,587,1016,1040]" pageId="5" pageNumber="83">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="9AFB57CBFFDEC55935830EEE2B0EFBF0" box="[498,587,1016,1040]" pageId="5" pageNumber="83" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
is the second member of the genus found in
<collectingCountry id="CBAB7632FFDEC559304C0EE12D3FFBEF" box="[1085,1146,1015,1039]" name="India" pageId="5" pageNumber="83">India</collectingCountry>
. The first,
<taxonomicName id="74BC4D21FFDEC55930810EEF2CD0FBF0" box="[1264,1429,1016,1040]" class="Adenophorea" family="Draconematidae" genus="Draconema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="83" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="cephalatum">
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFDEC55930810EEF2CD0FBF0" box="[1264,1429,1016,1040]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="83">D. cephalatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, was recorded by
<bibRefCitation id="D72D4B53FFDEC5593528090B2897FBD4" author="Rao" box="[345,466,1052,1076]" pageId="5" pageNumber="83" refString="Rao, G. C. (1980) On the zoogeography of the interstitial meiofauna of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Indian Ocean. Record of Zoological Survey of India, 77, 153 - 178." type="journal article" year="1980">Rao (1980</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="D72D4B53FFDEC55935AF090A2B5CFBD4" author="Rao" box="[478,537,1052,1076]" pageId="5" pageNumber="83" refString="Rao, G. C. (1987) Meiofauna of the Marine National Park, South Andaman. Journal of the Andaman Science Association, 3 (2), 88 - 97." type="journal article" year="1987">1987</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="D72D4B53FFDEC5593654090A2B1BFBD4" author="Rao" box="[549,606,1052,1076]" pageId="5" pageNumber="83" refString="Rao, G. C. (1988) Meiofauna of the intertidal sediments of Great Nicobar. Journal of the Andaman Science Association, 4 (2), 89 - 100." type="journal article" year="1988">1988</bibRefCitation>
) in a species list of meiofauna from a faunal survey of the Andaman and
<collectingCountry id="CBAB7632FFDEC55934E6092929B4FBB7" box="[151,241,1087,1111]" name="India" pageId="5" pageNumber="83">Nicobar</collectingCountry>
Islands—the same islands where
<taxonomicName id="74BC4D21FFDEC559361C09572A6FFBB8" box="[621,810,1088,1112]" class="Adenophorea" family="Draconematidae" genus="Draconema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="83" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="andamanense">
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFDEC559361C09572A6FFBB8" box="[621,810,1088,1112]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="83">D. andamanense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was found. The general morphological similarity of the species and the similarity of collection locations makes it possible that the earlier record was in fact
<taxonomicName id="74BC4D21FFDEC55931F009732874FB40" class="Adenophorea" family="Draconematidae" genus="Draconema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="83" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="andamanense" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFDEC55931F009732874FB40" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="83">D. andamanense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="9AFB57CBFFDEC5593549099E28D4FB40" box="[312,401,1160,1184]" pageId="5" pageNumber="83" rank="species">
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFDEC5593549099E28D4FB40" bold="true" box="[312,401,1160,1184]" pageId="5" pageNumber="83">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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384
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<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFDDC55A34E60D812B23FF51" bold="true" box="[151,614,151,177]" pageId="6" pageNumber="84">
<taxonomicName id="74BC4D21FFDDC55A34E60D812B44FF51" box="[151,513,151,177]" class="Adenophorea" family="Draconematidae" genus="Paradraconema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="6" pageNumber="84" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="pachylumbus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFDDC55A34E60D812B44FF51" bold="true" box="[151,513,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="84">Paradraconema pachylumbus</emphasis>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="9AFB57CBFFDDC55A36790D812B23FF51" box="[520,614,151,177]" pageId="6" pageNumber="84" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<paragraph id="B30336A2FFDDC55A34E60DAC29A6FF32" blockId="6.[151,614,151,210]" box="[151,227,186,210]" pageId="6" pageNumber="84">
(
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)
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specimens.
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<typeStatus id="6C078800FFDDC55A35130C14288AFEFA" box="[354,463,258,282]" pageId="6" pageNumber="84" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
: male (
<collectionCode id="D5ADAE67FFDDC55A36510C142B20FEFA" box="[544,613,258,282]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/mc14-1jj5" name="Zoological Institute, Hokkaido University" pageId="6" pageNumber="84">ZIHU</collectionCode>
4266).
<typeStatus id="6C078800FFDDC55A36CC0C152A6BFEFB" box="[701,814,259,283]" pageId="6" pageNumber="84" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
: three females (
<collectionCode id="D5ADAE67FFDDC55A37900C142D63FEFA" box="[993,1062,258,282]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/mc14-1jj5" name="Zoological Institute, Hokkaido University" pageId="6" pageNumber="84">ZIHU</collectionCode>
4267–4269). Coll. T. Chatterjee,
<date id="C7021062FFDDC55A34E60C302809FEDE" box="[151,332,294,318]" pageId="6" pageNumber="84" value="2005-12">December 2005</date>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B30336A2FFDDC55A34B60C5D2BE6FE66" blockId="6.[151,1436,258,427]" pageId="6" pageNumber="84">
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFDDC55A34B60C5D2B55FE83" bold="true" box="[199,528,330,355]" pageId="6" pageNumber="84">
<typeStatus id="6C078800FFDDC55A34B60C5D2847FE83" box="[199,258,331,355]" pageId="6" pageNumber="84">Type</typeStatus>
locality and habitat.
</emphasis>
Burmanalla (
<geoCoordinate id="D6885065FFDDC55A36CB0C5C2A05FE82" box="[698,832,330,354]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="84" precision="9" value="11.5575">11°33.45’N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="D6885065FFDDC55A37250C5C2A9CFE82" box="[852,985,330,354]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="84" precision="9" value="92.72967">92°43.78’E</geoCoordinate>
), South Andaman, Andaman Islands; intertidal sediments among mixed macroalgae.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="FBA66529FFDDC55B34B60C8528DCF874" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="85" pageId="6" pageNumber="84" type="description">
<paragraph id="B30336A2FFDDC55A34B60C852899FE4A" blockId="6.[151,1436,258,427]" box="[199,476,402,427]" pageId="6" pageNumber="84">
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFDDC55A34B60C852838FE4B" bold="true" box="[199,381,403,427]" pageId="6" pageNumber="84">Measurements.</emphasis>
<tableCitation id="FE3E0319FFDDC55A35F50C842890FE4A" box="[388,469,402,426]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,235,481,502]" captionTargetBox="[151,1302,569,1086]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="TABLE 2. Morphometrics of Paradraconema pachylumbus sp. nov." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/E7C3662AFFDDC55A34E60CF72A0AFE16" pageId="6" pageNumber="84" tableUuid="E7C3662AFFDDC55A34E60CF72A0AFE16">Table 2</tableCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="E7C3662AFFDDC55A34E60CF72A0AFE16" ID-Table-UUID="E7C3662AFFDDC55A34E60CF72A0AFE16" box="[151,847,480,502]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/E7C3662AFFDDC55A34E60CF72A0AFE16" pageId="6" pageNumber="84" targetBox="[151,1302,569,1086]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="B30336A2FFDDC55A34E60CF72A0AFE16" blockId="6.[151,847,480,549]" box="[151,847,480,502]" pageId="6" pageNumber="84">
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFDDC55A34E60CF72841FE16" bold="true" box="[151,260,481,502]" pageId="6" pageNumber="84">TABLE 2.</emphasis>
Morphometrics of
<taxonomicName id="74BC4D21FFDDC55A35B90CF62BBCFE16" box="[456,761,480,502]" class="Adenophorea" family="Draconematidae" genus="Paradraconema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="6" pageNumber="84" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="pachylumbus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFDDC55A35B90CF62BBCFE16" box="[456,761,480,502]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="84">Paradraconema pachylumbus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="9AFB57CBFFDDC55A368E0CF72A0AFE16" box="[767,847,481,502]" pageId="6" pageNumber="84" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="B30336A2FFDDC55A35D10F192BB3FDC5" blockId="6.[151,847,480,549]" box="[416,758,527,549]" pageId="6" pageNumber="84">Males Females</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B30336A2FFDDC55A35D10F2F2D8EFBDE" pageId="6" pageNumber="84">
<table id="C1BCC402FFDD3AA334E60F2F2C53FBDE" box="[151,1302,569,1086]" gridcols="5" gridrows="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="84">
<tr id="0D8C34E0FFDD3AA334E60F2F2C53FDAE" box="[151,1302,569,590]" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="84" rowspan-0="1">
<th id="4E5D5D9CFFDD3AA335D10F2F28A5FDAE" box="[416,480,569,590]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="84">ZIHU</th>
<th id="4E5D5D9CFFDD3AA336D30F2F2B9BFDAE" box="[674,734,569,590]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="84">ZIHU</th>
<th id="4E5D5D9CFFDD3AA337D20F2F2A9AFDAE" box="[931,991,569,590]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="84">ZIHU</th>
<th id="4E5D5D9CFFDD3AA330D40F2F2C53FDAE" box="[1189,1302,569,590]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="84">ZIHU</th>
</tr>
<tr id="0D8C34E0FFDD3AA334E60F742C53FD13" box="[151,1302,610,755]" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="84">
<th id="4E5D5D9CFFDD3AA334E60F742849FD13" box="[151,268,610,755]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="84">Characters L a b</th>
<td id="4E5D5D9CFFDD3AA335D10F7428A5FD13" box="[416,480,610,755]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="84">4266* 914 16.9 8.9</td>
<td id="4E5D5D9CFFDD3AA336D30F742B9BFD13" box="[674,734,610,755]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="84">4267 895 14.0 8.4</td>
<td id="4E5D5D9CFFDD3AA337D20F742A9AFD13" box="[931,991,610,755]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="84">4268 907 12.4 8.2</td>
<td id="4E5D5D9CFFDD3AA330D40F742C53FD13" box="[1189,1302,610,755]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="84">4269 968 12.3 8.3</td>
</tr>
<tr id="0D8C34E0FFDD3AA334E60E112C53FC0B" box="[151,1302,775,1003]" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="84">
<th id="4E5D5D9CFFDD3AA334E60E112849FC0B" box="[151,268,775,1003]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="84">c V(%) hcbd ph SER SER mbd</th>
<td id="4E5D5D9CFFDD3AA335D10E1128A5FC0B" box="[416,480,775,1003]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="84">8.1 - 35 103 141 44</td>
<td id="4E5D5D9CFFDD3AA336D30E112B9BFC0B" box="[674,734,775,1003]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="84">7.2 51.3 40 106 138 56</td>
<td id="4E5D5D9CFFDD3AA337D20E112A9AFC0B" box="[931,991,775,1003]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="84">7.7 50.4 40 111 149 61</td>
<td id="4E5D5D9CFFDD3AA330D40E112C53FC0B" box="[1189,1302,775,1003]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="84">8.0 50.0 38 117 157 58</td>
</tr>
<tr id="0D8C34E0FFDD3AA334E60EE92C53FBDE" box="[151,1302,1023,1086]" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="84">
<th id="4E5D5D9CFFDD3AA334E60EE92849FBDE" box="[151,268,1023,1086]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="84">SERbd v</th>
<td id="4E5D5D9CFFDD3AA335D10EE928A5FBDE" box="[416,480,1023,1086]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="84">17 -</td>
<td id="4E5D5D9CFFDD3AA336D30EE92B9BFBDE" box="[674,734,1023,1086]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="84">- 459</td>
<td id="4E5D5D9CFFDD3AA337D20EE92A9AFBDE" box="[931,991,1023,1086]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="84">20 457</td>
<td id="4E5D5D9CFFDD3AA330D40EE92C53FBDE" box="[1189,1302,1023,1086]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="84">20 484</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B30336A2FFDDC55A34EE09442DFBF9CE" pageId="6" pageNumber="84">
<table id="C1BCC402FFDD3AA334E609442C53F9CE" box="[151,1302,1106,1582]" gridcols="5" gridrows="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="84">
<tr id="0D8C34E0FFDD3AA334E609442C53FAD6" box="[151,1302,1106,1334]" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="84">
<th id="4E5D5D9CFFDD3AA334E609442877FAD6" box="[151,306,1106,1334]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="84">mbd (=vbd) S1ATn (r/1)** aS1AT (r/1) pS1AT (r/1) SvATn (r/1)** aSvAT</th>
<th id="4E5D5D9CFFDD3AA335D1094428B1FAD6" box="[416,500,1106,1334]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="84">54 10/9+1 644/640 768/761 14/14 629</th>
<th id="4E5D5D9CFFDD3AA336D309442A57FAD6" box="[674,786,1106,1334]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="84">64 10+3/7+6 611/610 744/742 17+1/14+3 601</th>
<th id="4E5D5D9CFFDD3AA337D209442D57FAD6" box="[931,1042,1106,1334]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="84">73 12+1/11+2 620/620 759/761 18/17 610</th>
<th id="4E5D5D9CFFDD3AA330D409442C53FAD6" box="[1189,1302,1106,1334]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="84">79 10+3/6+7 662/663 815/815 15+2/15+1 660</th>
</tr>
<tr id="0D8C34E0FFDD3AA334E6085C2C53FA3B" box="[151,1302,1354,1499]" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="84">
<th id="4E5D5D9CFFDD3AA334E6085C2877FA3B" box="[151,306,1354,1499]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="84">pSvAT spic (r/1) gub (r/1) t</th>
<td id="4E5D5D9CFFDD3AA335D1085C28B1FA3B" box="[416,500,1354,1499]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="84">781 50/51 27/25 113</td>
<td id="4E5D5D9CFFDD3AA336D3085C2A57FA3B" box="[674,786,1354,1499]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="84">754 - - 124</td>
<td id="4E5D5D9CFFDD3AA337D2085C2D57FA3B" box="[931,1042,1354,1499]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="84">770 - - 118</td>
<td id="4E5D5D9CFFDD3AA330D4085C2C53FA3B" box="[1189,1302,1354,1499]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="84">827 - - 121</td>
</tr>
<tr id="0D8C34E0FFDD3AA334E608F92C53F9E5" box="[151,1302,1519,1541]" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="84">
<th id="4E5D5D9CFFDD3AA334E608F92877F9E5" box="[151,306,1519,1541]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="84">abd</th>
<td id="4E5D5D9CFFDD3AA335D108F928B1F9E5" box="[416,500,1519,1541]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="84">33</td>
<td id="4E5D5D9CFFDD3AA336D308F92A57F9E5" box="[674,786,1519,1541]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="84">18</td>
<td id="4E5D5D9CFFDD3AA337D208F92D57F9E5" box="[931,1042,1519,1541]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="84">19</td>
<td id="4E5D5D9CFFDD3AA330D408F92C53F9E5" box="[1189,1302,1519,1541]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="84">19</td>
</tr>
<tr id="0D8C34E0FFDD3AA334E60B0F2C53F9CE" box="[151,1302,1561,1582]" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="84">
<th id="4E5D5D9CFFDD3AA334E60B0F2877F9CE" box="[151,306,1561,1582]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="84">tmr</th>
<td id="4E5D5D9CFFDD3AA335D10B0F28B1F9CE" box="[416,500,1561,1582]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="84">38</td>
<td id="4E5D5D9CFFDD3AA336D30B0F2A57F9CE" box="[674,786,1561,1582]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="84">43</td>
<td id="4E5D5D9CFFDD3AA337D20B0F2D57F9CE" box="[931,1042,1561,1582]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="84">40</td>
<td id="4E5D5D9CFFDD3AA330D40B0F2C53F9CE" box="[1189,1302,1561,1582]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="84">43</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B30336A2FFDDC55A34E60B592B44F964" blockId="6.[151,1436,1615,1668]" pageId="6" pageNumber="84">
*
<typeStatus id="6C078800FFDDC55A34D00B592840F985" box="[161,261,1615,1637]" pageId="6" pageNumber="84" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
; **“number of tubes” or “number of tubes + number of insertion of tubes taken off”; Measurements in µm, except for de Man’s ratios (a–c) and V(%).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B30336A2FFDDC55B34B60BA6299FFEFC" blockId="6.[151,1436,1712,2024]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1437,151,1940]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="85" pageId="6" pageNumber="84">
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFDDC55A34B60BA6281CF929" bold="true" box="[199,345,1712,1737]" pageId="6" pageNumber="84">Description.</emphasis>
MALE. Body characteristic for the genus in general (
<figureCitation id="2B872A27FFDDC55A37AD0BA62D61F928" box="[988,1060,1712,1736]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1911,1934]" captionTargetBox="[212,1361,201,1879]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[202,1368,193,1890]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 2. Paradraconema pachylumbus sp. nov. Male (A – E, holotype ZIHU 4266): A) Entire body. B) Swollen pharyngeal region. C) Head. D) Posterior region. E) Spicule and Gubernaculum. Female (F, G, I, ZIHU 4268; H, ZIHU 4269): F) Entire body. G, H) Amphid. I) Posterior region. Left side view. Correct number of SvAT not illustrated. Scales: A, F, 50 µm; B, D, I, 20 µm; C, E, G, H, 10 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/212557/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="84">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
A), except for peculiar shape of cloacal region (
<figureCitation id="2B872A27FFDDC55A353B0BC228D4F90C" box="[330,401,1748,1772]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1911,1934]" captionTargetBox="[212,1361,201,1879]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[202,1368,193,1890]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 2. Paradraconema pachylumbus sp. nov. Male (A – E, holotype ZIHU 4266): A) Entire body. B) Swollen pharyngeal region. C) Head. D) Posterior region. E) Spicule and Gubernaculum. Female (F, G, I, ZIHU 4268; H, ZIHU 4269): F) Entire body. G, H) Amphid. I) Posterior region. Left side view. Correct number of SvAT not illustrated. Scales: A, F, 50 µm; B, D, I, 20 µm; C, E, G, H, 10 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/212557/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="84">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
E). Swollen pharyngeal region 15.4% of body length; rest of trunk almost cylindrical but cloacal region remarkably enlarged towards dorsal side; tail conico-cylindrical, abruptly narrowing after enlarged cloacal region. Greatest body diameter at enlarged cloacal region. Cuticle annulated except for head capsule and tail end; annules longitudinally aerolated in anterior one-third of body; anteriormost four annules of swollen pharyngeal region somewhat differentiated, ornamented with subcuticular markings and vacuoles (
<figureCitation id="2B872A27FFDDC55A317F0A722C10F89C" box="[1294,1365,1892,1916]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1911,1934]" captionTargetBox="[212,1361,201,1879]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[202,1368,193,1890]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 2. Paradraconema pachylumbus sp. nov. Male (A – E, holotype ZIHU 4266): A) Entire body. B) Swollen pharyngeal region. C) Head. D) Posterior region. E) Spicule and Gubernaculum. Female (F, G, I, ZIHU 4268; H, ZIHU 4269): F) Entire body. G, H) Amphid. I) Posterior region. Left side view. Correct number of SvAT not illustrated. Scales: A, F, 50 µm; B, D, I, 20 µm; C, E, G, H, 10 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/212557/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="84">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
B, C). Annules of swollen pharyngeal region coarse, 2.6 μm wide; subsequent annules 1.8, 1.6, 1.3 μm wide at midbody, cloacal region and near tail end, respectively; annules S-shaped laterally at midbody. Somatic setae arranged in ten longitudinal rows on non-swollen body (four sublateral, two subventral, two subdorsal, one ventral, and one dorsal), densely and irregularly distributed in swollen pharyngeal region. Most somatic setae hair-like with broadened base, sublateral rows of setae rather longer, maximum 54 μm long near midbody; ventral and dorsal setae short, sparse; short truncate setae (3–5 μm long) intermingled with hair-like setae and posterior adhesion tubes.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B30336A2FFDCC55B34B60C3129A0FC9F" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1940]" pageId="7" pageNumber="85">
Head capsule (
<figureCitation id="2B872A27FFDCC55B35010C3128F6FEDF" box="[368,435,295,319]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1911,1934]" captionTargetBox="[212,1361,201,1879]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[202,1368,193,1890]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 2. Paradraconema pachylumbus sp. nov. Male (A – E, holotype ZIHU 4266): A) Entire body. B) Swollen pharyngeal region. C) Head. D) Posterior region. E) Spicule and Gubernaculum. Female (F, G, I, ZIHU 4268; H, ZIHU 4269): F) Entire body. G, H) Amphid. I) Posterior region. Left side view. Correct number of SvAT not illustrated. Scales: A, F, 50 µm; B, D, I, 20 µm; C, E, G, H, 10 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/212557/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="85">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
C) ornamented with faint subcuticular markings posteriorly, about length 0.2 of swollen pharyngeal region. Labial region retracted, about 12 μm diameter, with six short labial setae (3–4 μm long). Outer circle of labial setae and cephalic setae not distinguishable from subcephalic or cervical setae densely located at anterior head capsule. Amphids elongate loop-shaped, ventral arm longer, extending to near first annule, 15/14 μm long and 9/8 μm wide. CAT with enlarged base, arranged in two transverse rows of six each on dorsal side between amphids, longest tube 27 μm long. A pair of small subventral thorns (Ceph Acan-set) at posterior third of head capsule, 3–4 μm long and 2–3 μm wide. Oval-shaped eyespots prominent, 7–9 μm long and 5–6 μm wide. Stoma narrow, unarmed; yellow-brownish coarse granules gathered near labial region. Pharynx dumbbell-shaped, with enlarged corpus and well-developed posterior bulb, separated by isthmus, 23 μm wide at middle of posterior bulb. Cardia short, about 5 μm long. Nerve ring surrounding isthmus of pharynx, about 0.5 pharyngeal length from anterior body end. Anterior portion of intestine very narrow, gradually expanding posteriorly. PAT with broadened bases and bell-shaped distal ends, arranged in four longitudinal rows (
<figureCitation id="2B872A27FFDCC55B37CB0FA22ABAFD2C" box="[954,1023,692,716]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1911,1934]" captionTargetBox="[212,1361,201,1879]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[202,1368,193,1890]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 2. Paradraconema pachylumbus sp. nov. Male (A – E, holotype ZIHU 4266): A) Entire body. B) Swollen pharyngeal region. C) Head. D) Posterior region. E) Spicule and Gubernaculum. Female (F, G, I, ZIHU 4268; H, ZIHU 4269): F) Entire body. G, H) Amphid. I) Posterior region. Left side view. Correct number of SvAT not illustrated. Scales: A, F, 50 µm; B, D, I, 20 µm; C, E, G, H, 10 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/212557/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="85">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
D), two sublateral rows (SlAT) each consisting of ten adhesion tubes (A) and two intermingled long setae (S), in order of A–S–A–A–A–A–A–A–A–S–A–A from anterior; anteriormost and posteriormost tubes 42/40 μm and 30/30 μm long, respectively. Two subventral rows of 14 adhesion tubes each; anteriormost and posteriormost tubes 36 μm and 20 μm long, respectively. Region with PAT (between anteriormost and postreriormost SvAT) 16.6% of body length.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B30336A2FFDCC55B34B60E9A2A4CFB9C" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1940]" pageId="7" pageNumber="85">
Reproductive system with single outstretched testis; anterior end located at about 29% of body length from anterior body end. Spicules (
<figureCitation id="2B872A27FFDCC55B35950EB92B6CFC27" box="[484,553,943,967]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1911,1934]" captionTargetBox="[212,1361,201,1879]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[202,1368,193,1890]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 2. Paradraconema pachylumbus sp. nov. Male (A – E, holotype ZIHU 4266): A) Entire body. B) Swollen pharyngeal region. C) Head. D) Posterior region. E) Spicule and Gubernaculum. Female (F, G, I, ZIHU 4268; H, ZIHU 4269): F) Entire body. G, H) Amphid. I) Posterior region. Left side view. Correct number of SvAT not illustrated. Scales: A, F, 50 µm; B, D, I, 20 µm; C, E, G, H, 10 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/212557/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="85">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
E) arcuate, with knob-like cephalation proximally, about 1.5 abd long, 6 μm wide at middle. Gubernaculum nearly half (54/49%) spicule length, lateral dilation weakly cuticularized and thin; proximal end slightly curved anteriorly. Three short uniformly tapered cloacal setae with well-cuticularized, enlarged base located a short distance lateral to the cloaca on each side, about 5–7 μm long; two subventral setae anterior and posterior to cloaca. A pair of small precloacal Acan-set between anterior subventral cloacal setae, about 3 μm long and 2 μm wide. Cloacal flap indistinct.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B30336A2FFDCC55B34B609912824FA97" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1940]" pageId="7" pageNumber="85">Tail conico-cylindrical, abruptly narrowing after enlarged cloacal region, then gradually tapering to tip end, 3.4 abd long. Eight caudal setae (or insertions) on each side of annulated tail region, two subventral and six subdorsal; third and fourth subdorsal setae longer, fourth seta longest, 41/44 μm long; two short subdorsal setae (or insertions) close to longest seta. Non-annulated tail end 34% of tail length, vacuolated dorsally, with three short setae on both sides; sublateral seta close to last complete annule, subventral seta located 20/14%, subdorsal seta 49/45% of nonannulated end from last complete anuule. Caudal glands extending to middle of enlarged cloacal region, 1.6 abd anterior to cloaca.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B30336A2FFDCC55B34B6089229A0F9AF" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1940]" pageId="7" pageNumber="85">
FEMALE. Body similar to male in most respects except for cylindrical anal region (
<figureCitation id="2B872A27FFDCC55B30E108922D93FA7C" box="[1168,1238,1412,1436]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1911,1934]" captionTargetBox="[212,1361,201,1879]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[202,1368,193,1890]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 2. Paradraconema pachylumbus sp. nov. Male (A – E, holotype ZIHU 4266): A) Entire body. B) Swollen pharyngeal region. C) Head. D) Posterior region. E) Spicule and Gubernaculum. Female (F, G, I, ZIHU 4268; H, ZIHU 4269): F) Entire body. G, H) Amphid. I) Posterior region. Left side view. Correct number of SvAT not illustrated. Scales: A, F, 50 µm; B, D, I, 20 µm; C, E, G, H, 10 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/212557/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="85">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
F). Greatest body diameter at vulva. Swollen pharyngeal region 16.4 (15.4–16.2)% of body length. Amphids (
<figureCitation id="2B872A27FFDCC55B30DB08B12DA8FA5F" box="[1194,1261,1447,1471]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1911,1934]" captionTargetBox="[212,1361,201,1879]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[202,1368,193,1890]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 2. Paradraconema pachylumbus sp. nov. Male (A – E, holotype ZIHU 4266): A) Entire body. B) Swollen pharyngeal region. C) Head. D) Posterior region. E) Spicule and Gubernaculum. Female (F, G, I, ZIHU 4268; H, ZIHU 4269): F) Entire body. G, H) Amphid. I) Posterior region. Left side view. Correct number of SvAT not illustrated. Scales: A, F, 50 µm; B, D, I, 20 µm; C, E, G, H, 10 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/212557/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="85">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
G) loop-shaped or elongated uni-spiral (
<figureCitation id="2B872A27FFDCC55B35D208DA28A2FA04" box="[419,487,1484,1508]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1911,1934]" captionTargetBox="[212,1361,201,1879]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[202,1368,193,1890]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 2. Paradraconema pachylumbus sp. nov. Male (A – E, holotype ZIHU 4266): A) Entire body. B) Swollen pharyngeal region. C) Head. D) Posterior region. E) Spicule and Gubernaculum. Female (F, G, I, ZIHU 4268; H, ZIHU 4269): F) Entire body. G, H) Amphid. I) Posterior region. Left side view. Correct number of SvAT not illustrated. Scales: A, F, 50 µm; B, D, I, 20 µm; C, E, G, H, 10 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/212557/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="85">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
H), 13/13 (13–14) μm long and 11/10 (10–11) μm wide. Ceph Acan-set 3–6 μm long and 2–4 μm wide. PAT in four longitudinal rows (
<figureCitation id="2B872A27FFDCC55B36B608F92A49F9E7" box="[711,780,1519,1543]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1911,1934]" captionTargetBox="[212,1361,201,1879]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[202,1368,193,1890]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 2. Paradraconema pachylumbus sp. nov. Male (A – E, holotype ZIHU 4266): A) Entire body. B) Swollen pharyngeal region. C) Head. D) Posterior region. E) Spicule and Gubernaculum. Female (F, G, I, ZIHU 4268; H, ZIHU 4269): F) Entire body. G, H) Amphid. I) Posterior region. Left side view. Correct number of SvAT not illustrated. Scales: A, F, 50 µm; B, D, I, 20 µm; C, E, G, H, 10 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/212557/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="85">
Fig.
<date id="C7021062FFDCC55B368D08F92A49F9E7" box="[764,780,1519,1543]" pageId="7" pageNumber="85">2</date>
</figureCitation>
I); two sublateral rows each of 13 tubes with no long setae intermingled; two subventral rows of 18/17 (16–18) tubes. Region with PAT 17.6 (17.1–17.6)% of total body length.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B30336A2FFDCC55B34B60B4A2C20F95C" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1940]" pageId="7" pageNumber="85">Reproductive system amphidelphic. Anterior ovary reflexed at about 9 (9–10)% of body length, distal end to right of uterus; posterior ovary reflexed at 12 (10–14)% of body length, distal end to left of uterus. Vulva protruded, located near midbody, with two short paravulval setae on each side (about 4 μm long in allotype ZIHU 4267).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B30336A2FFDCC55B34B60BD128DCF874" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1940]" pageId="7" pageNumber="85">Tail cylindro-conoid, gradually tapering to tail end, 6.2 (6.2–6.9) abd long. Eight pairs of caudal setae on annulated tail region as in male; longest subdorsal seta 44 (38–53) μm long, with two short setae nearby. Nonannulated tail end 34 (34–39)% of tail length, with two short setae (or insertions) on each side, a subventral seta located 3/8 (3–10)% of length of non-annulated end from last complete annule, and a subdorsal seta 49/46 (46–54)% of length of non-annulated end from last complete annule. Caudal glands extending to level of 3.2 abd length anterior to anus.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="E7C3662AFFD3C55434E60A6128E1F80A" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/212557/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="86" targetBox="[212,1361,201,1879]" targetPageId="8">
<paragraph id="B30336A2FFD3C55434E60A6128E1F80A" blockId="8.[151,1436,1911,2026]" pageId="8" pageNumber="86">
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFD3C55434E60A612849F86D" bold="true" box="[151,268,1911,1934]" pageId="8" pageNumber="86">FIGURE 2</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="74BC4D21FFD3C55435680A6E2B0FF86E" box="[281,586,1912,1934]" class="Adenophorea" family="Draconematidae" genus="Paradraconema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="8" pageNumber="86" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="pachylumbus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFD3C55435680A6E2B0FF86E" box="[281,586,1912,1934]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="86">Paradraconema pachylumbus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFD3C55436210A6E2BE5F86D" bold="true" box="[592,672,1912,1933]" pageId="8" pageNumber="86">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="9AFB57CBFFD3C55436210A6E2BE5F86D" box="[592,672,1912,1933]" pageId="8" pageNumber="86" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
Male (A–E, holotype ZIHU 4266): A) Entire body. B) Swollen pharyngeal region. C) Head. D) Posterior region. E) Spicule and Gubernaculum. Female (F, G, I, ZIHU 4268; H, ZIHU 4269): F) Entire body. G, H) Amphid. I) Posterior region. Left side view. Correct number of SvAT not illustrated. Scales: A, F, 50 µm; B, D, I, 20 µm; C, E, G, H, 10 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="FBA66529FFD2C55534B60D8E2AAAFE2F" pageId="9" pageNumber="87" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="B30336A2FFD2C55534B60D8E2898FF34" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,1256]" pageId="9" pageNumber="87">
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFD2C55534B60D8E280BFF50" bold="true" box="[199,334,152,176]" pageId="9" pageNumber="87">Etymology.</emphasis>
The specific name
<taxonomicName id="74BC4D21FFD2C55536420D8E2B82FF50" box="[563,711,152,176]" class="Adenophorea" family="Draconematidae" genus="Paradraconema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="9" pageNumber="87" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="pachylumbus">
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFD2C55536420D8E2B82FF50" box="[563,711,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="87">pachylumbus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
refers to the peculiar shape of male cloacal region remarkably enlarged towards dorsal side.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B30336A2FFD2C55534B60DC92AAAFE2F" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,1256]" pageId="9" pageNumber="87">
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFD2C55534B60DC92897FF18" bold="true" box="[199,466,223,248]" pageId="9" pageNumber="87">Differential diagnosis.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="74BC4D21FFD2C55535AF0DF62A70FF18" box="[478,821,224,248]" class="Adenophorea" family="Draconematidae" genus="Paradraconema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="9" pageNumber="87" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="pachylumbus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFD2C55535AF0DF62A70FF18" box="[478,821,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="87">Paradraconema pachylumbus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFD2C55537300DF62ADAFF18" bold="true" box="[833,927,224,248]" pageId="9" pageNumber="87">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="9AFB57CBFFD2C55537300DF62ADAFF18" box="[833,927,224,248]" pageId="9" pageNumber="87" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
is characterized by the following features: peculiar body shape of male (cloacal region remarkably enlarged towards dorsal side); annules longitudinally aerolated in anterior one-third of body; elongate loop-shaped or uni-spiral amphids; prominent eyespots; spicules with proximal knob-like cephalation; gubernaculum with weak lateral dilation 25–27 μm long; a subventral pair of precloacal Acan-set; 10 SlAT and 14 SvAT in male; 13 SlAT and 16–18 SvAT in female; male tail abruptly narrowing and 3.4 abd long; long crenate anal flap in female; eight setae on annulated region of tail; and three and two setae on the non-annulated tail end in the male and female, respectively.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="FBA66529FFD2C55534B60CCA2876FB07" pageId="9" pageNumber="87" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="B30336A2FFD2C55534B60CCA2A8FFD0F" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,1256]" pageId="9" pageNumber="87">
<taxonomicName id="74BC4D21FFD2C55534B60CCA2838FE14" box="[199,381,476,500]" class="Adenophorea" family="Draconematidae" genus="Paradraconema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="9" pageNumber="87" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFD2C55534B60CCA2838FE14" box="[199,381,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="87">Paradraconema</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has so far consisted of ten known species which can be divided into the following two groups on the basis of the shape of the amphids in males, according to the key to species of the genus by
<bibRefCitation id="D72D4B53FFD2C555314D0CE92820FDDC" author="Allen" pageId="9" pageNumber="87" refString="Allen, M. C. &amp; Noffsinger, E. M. (1978) A revision of the marine nematodes of the superfamily Draconematoidea Filipjev, 1918 (Nematoda: Draconematina). University of California Publication in Zoology, 109, 1 - 133." type="journal article" year="1978">Allen &amp; Noffsinger (1978)</bibRefCitation>
and the taxonomic discussion by
<bibRefCitation id="D72D4B53FFD2C55536890F322A98FDDC" author="Rho" box="[760,989,548,572]" pageId="9" pageNumber="87" refString="Rho, H. S. &amp; Kim, W. (2005) Paradraconema jejuense, a new species of Genus Paradraconema (Nematoda: Draconematidae) from Korea. The Korean Journal of Systematic Zoology, 21, 81 - 91." type="journal article" year="2005">Rho &amp; Kim (2005)</bibRefCitation>
. The first group includes species with elongate loop-shaped or elongate uni-spiral amphids in males —
<taxonomicName id="74BC4D21FFD2C55537E30F5F2C3CFDBF" authority="Allen &amp; Noffsinger, 1978" authorityName="Allen &amp; Noffsinger" authorityYear="1978" box="[914,1401,583,608]" class="Adenophorea" family="Draconematidae" genus="Paradraconema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="9" pageNumber="87" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="californicum">
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFD2C55537E30F5F2D05FD80" box="[914,1088,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="87">P. californicum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="D72D4B53FFD2C555303A0F512C3CFDBF" author="Allen" box="[1099,1401,583,607]" pageId="9" pageNumber="87" refString="Allen, M. C. &amp; Noffsinger, E. M. (1978) A revision of the marine nematodes of the superfamily Draconematoidea Filipjev, 1918 (Nematoda: Draconematina). University of California Publication in Zoology, 109, 1 - 133." type="journal article" year="1978">Allen &amp; Noffsinger, 1978</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="74BC4D21FFD2C55531F60F5F2B01FD64" authority="Allen &amp; Noffsinger, 1978" authorityName="Allen &amp; Noffsinger" authorityYear="1978" class="Adenophorea" family="Draconematidae" genus="Paradraconema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="9" pageNumber="87" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="floridense">
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFD2C55531F60F5F2842FD64" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="87">P. floridense</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="D72D4B53FFD2C55535620F7A2B01FD64" author="Allen" box="[275,580,620,644]" pageId="9" pageNumber="87" refString="Allen, M. C. &amp; Noffsinger, E. M. (1978) A revision of the marine nematodes of the superfamily Draconematoidea Filipjev, 1918 (Nematoda: Draconematina). University of California Publication in Zoology, 109, 1 - 133." type="journal article" year="1978">Allen &amp; Noffsinger, 1978</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="74BC4D21FFD2C55536240F7B2D4EFD64" authority="Allen &amp; Noffsinger, 1978" authorityName="Allen &amp; Noffsinger" authorityYear="1978" box="[597,1035,620,644]" class="Adenophorea" family="Draconematidae" genus="Paradraconema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="9" pageNumber="87" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="hopperi">
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFD2C55536240F7B2B89FD64" box="[597,716,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="87">P. hopperi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="D72D4B53FFD2C55536A80F7A2D4EFD64" author="Allen" box="[729,1035,620,644]" pageId="9" pageNumber="87" refString="Allen, M. C. &amp; Noffsinger, E. M. (1978) A revision of the marine nematodes of the superfamily Draconematoidea Filipjev, 1918 (Nematoda: Draconematina). University of California Publication in Zoology, 109, 1 - 133." type="journal article" year="1978">Allen &amp; Noffsinger, 1978</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="74BC4D21FFD2C555306A0F7B2C32FD64" authority="Decraemer, 1989" authorityName="Decraemer" authorityYear="1989" box="[1051,1399,620,644]" class="Adenophorea" family="Draconematidae" genus="Paradraconema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="9" pageNumber="87" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="maggenti">
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFD2C555306A0F7B2DE6FD64" box="[1051,1187,621,644]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="87">P. maggenti</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="D72D4B53FFD2C55530DE0F7B2C32FD64" author="Decraemer" box="[1199,1399,620,644]" pageId="9" pageNumber="87" refString="Decraemer, W. (1989) Three new draconematid species from Papua New Guinea. Bulletin de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, 59, 5 - 24." type="journal article" year="1989">Decraemer, 1989</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="74BC4D21FFD2C55531F60F7B28FBFD47" authority="Kreis, 1937" authorityName="Kreis" authorityYear="1937" class="Adenophorea" family="Draconematidae" genus="Paradraconema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="9" pageNumber="87" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="meridionale">
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFD2C55531F60F7B285BFD48" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="87">P. meridionale</emphasis>
(Kreis, 1937)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="74BC4D21FFD2C55535BB0F872A26FD47" authority="Allen &amp; Noffsinger, 1978" authorityName="Allen &amp; Noffsinger" authorityYear="1978" box="[458,867,655,680]" class="Adenophorea" family="Draconematidae" genus="Paradraconema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="9" pageNumber="87" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="newelli">
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFD2C55535BB0F872B72FD48" box="[458,567,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="87">P. newelli</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="D72D4B53FFD2C555364E0F992A26FD47" author="Allen" box="[575,867,655,679]" pageId="9" pageNumber="87" refString="Allen, M. C. &amp; Noffsinger, E. M. (1978) A revision of the marine nematodes of the superfamily Draconematoidea Filipjev, 1918 (Nematoda: Draconematina). University of California Publication in Zoology, 109, 1 - 133." type="journal article" year="1978">Allen &amp; Noffsinger, 1978</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="74BC4D21FFD2C555371E0F872C09FD47" authority="Allen &amp; Noffsinger, 1978" authorityName="Allen &amp; Noffsinger" authorityYear="1978" box="[879,1356,655,680]" class="Adenophorea" family="Draconematidae" genus="Paradraconema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="9" pageNumber="87" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="singaporense">
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFD2C555371E0F872D5AFD48" box="[879,1055,657,680]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="87">P. singaporense</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="D72D4B53FFD2C55530560F992C09FD47" author="Allen" box="[1063,1356,655,679]" pageId="9" pageNumber="87" refString="Allen, M. C. &amp; Noffsinger, E. M. (1978) A revision of the marine nematodes of the superfamily Draconematoidea Filipjev, 1918 (Nematoda: Draconematina). University of California Publication in Zoology, 109, 1 - 133." type="journal article" year="1978">Allen &amp; Noffsinger, 1978</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="74BC4D21FFD2C55531F60F872889FD2C" authority="(Southern, 1914)" baseAuthorityName="Southern" baseAuthorityYear="1914" class="Adenophorea" family="Draconematidae" genus="Paradraconema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="9" pageNumber="87" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="spinosum">
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFD2C55531F60F872844FD2C" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="87">P. spinosum</emphasis>
(Southern, 1914)
</taxonomicName>
. A second group includes species with doubled elongate spiral amphids in males -
<taxonomicName id="74BC4D21FFD2C55531F60FA32B01FD0F" authority="Allen &amp; Noffsinger, 1978" authorityName="Allen &amp; Noffsinger" authorityYear="1978" class="Adenophorea" family="Draconematidae" genus="Draconema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="9" pageNumber="87" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="antarcticum">
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFD2C55531F60FA32858FD10" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="87">P. antarcticum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="D72D4B53FFD2C55535550FC12B01FD0F" author="Allen" box="[292,580,727,751]" pageId="9" pageNumber="87" refString="Allen, M. C. &amp; Noffsinger, E. M. (1978) A revision of the marine nematodes of the superfamily Draconematoidea Filipjev, 1918 (Nematoda: Draconematina). University of California Publication in Zoology, 109, 1 - 133." type="journal article" year="1978">Allen &amp; Noffsinger, 1978</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="74BC4D21FFD2C555360B0FCF2A83FD0F" authority="Rho &amp; Kim, 2005" authorityName="Rho &amp; Kim" authorityYear="2005" box="[634,966,727,752]" class="Adenophorea" family="Draconematidae" genus="Paradraconema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="9" pageNumber="87" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="jejuense">
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFD2C555360B0FCF2BB5FD10" box="[634,752,729,752]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="87">P. jejuense</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="D72D4B53FFD2C55536890FC12A83FD0F" author="Rho" box="[760,966,727,751]" pageId="9" pageNumber="87" refString="Rho, H. S. &amp; Kim, W. (2005) Paradraconema jejuense, a new species of Genus Paradraconema (Nematoda: Draconematidae) from Korea. The Korean Journal of Systematic Zoology, 21, 81 - 91." type="journal article" year="2005">Rho &amp; Kim, 2005</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B30336A2FFD2C55534B60FEA2876FB07" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,1256]" pageId="9" pageNumber="87">
<taxonomicName id="74BC4D21FFD2C55534B60FEA2B5FFCF4" box="[199,538,764,788]" class="Adenophorea" family="Draconematidae" genus="Paradraconema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="9" pageNumber="87" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="pachylumbus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFD2C55534B60FEA2B5FFCF4" box="[199,538,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="87">Paradraconema pachylumbus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFD2C55536520FEA2B3BFCF4" bold="true" box="[547,638,764,788]" pageId="9" pageNumber="87">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="9AFB57CBFFD2C55536520FEA2B3BFCF4" box="[547,638,764,788]" pageId="9" pageNumber="87" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
belongs in the first group but clearly differs from all other species in posterior body shape in males: the cloacal region is remarkably enlarged towards the dorsal side. The conicocylindrical tail abruptly narrows due to the enlargement of cloacal region. The cloacal region of other species is cylindrical or somewhat swollen but not so peculiarly enlarged as in
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFD2C55537D80E7F2D24FC60" box="[937,1121,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="87">
<taxonomicName id="74BC4D21FFD2C55537D80E7F2D18FC60" box="[937,1117,872,896]" class="Adenophorea" family="Draconematidae" genus="Paradraconema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="9" pageNumber="87" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="pachylumbus">P. pachylumbus</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
Otherwise,
<taxonomicName id="74BC4D21FFD2C555309A0E7F2CD9FC60" box="[1259,1436,872,896]" class="Adenophorea" family="Draconematidae" genus="Paradraconema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="9" pageNumber="87" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="pachylumbus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFD2C555309A0E7F2CD9FC60" box="[1259,1436,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="87">P. pachylumbus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFD2C55534E60E9A29B5FC44" bold="true" box="[151,240,908,932]" pageId="9" pageNumber="87">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="9AFB57CBFFD2C55534E60E9A29B5FC44" box="[151,240,908,932]" pageId="9" pageNumber="87" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
is similar to
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFD2C55535F00E9B2B4DFC44" box="[385,520,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="87">P. f l o r i d e n s e</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName id="74BC4D21FFD2C555366B0E9B2BC9FC44" box="[538,652,908,932]" class="Adenophorea" family="Draconematidae" genus="Paradraconema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="9" pageNumber="87" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="hopperi">
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFD2C555366B0E9B2BC9FC44" box="[538,652,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="87">P. hopperi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="74BC4D21FFD2C55536EB0E9B2A0CFC44" box="[666,841,909,932]" class="Adenophorea" family="Draconematidae" genus="Paradraconema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="9" pageNumber="87" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="singaporense">
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFD2C55536EB0E9B2A0CFC44" box="[666,841,909,932]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="87">P. singaporense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="74BC4D21FFD2C555370E0E9B2D41FC44" box="[895,1028,909,932]" class="Adenophorea" family="Draconematidae" genus="Paradraconema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="9" pageNumber="87" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="spinosum">
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFD2C555370E0E9B2D41FC44" box="[895,1028,909,932]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="87">P. spinosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having the annules longitudinally areolated on the swollen pharyngeal region (annules not longitudinally areolated in the other species).
<taxonomicName id="74BC4D21FFD2C55531F60EA7286EFC0C" class="Adenophorea" family="Draconematidae" genus="Paradraconema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="9" pageNumber="87" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="pachylumbus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFD2C55531F60EA7286EFC0C" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="87">P. pachylumbus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFD2C555354A0EC228D8FC0C" bold="true" box="[315,413,980,1004]" pageId="9" pageNumber="87">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="9AFB57CBFFD2C555354A0EC228D8FC0C" box="[315,413,980,1004]" pageId="9" pageNumber="87" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
resembles
<taxonomicName id="74BC4D21FFD2C555365F0EC32B86FC0C" box="[558,707,980,1004]" class="Adenophorea" family="Draconematidae" genus="Paradraconema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="9" pageNumber="87" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="floridense">
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFD2C555365F0EC32B86FC0C" box="[558,707,980,1004]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="87">P. floridense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having prominent eyespots (vs. obscure eyespots in
<taxonomicName id="74BC4D21FFD2C55531F00EC3286EFBF0" class="Adenophorea" family="Draconematidae" genus="Paradraconema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="9" pageNumber="87" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="singaporense">
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFD2C55531F00EC3286EFBF0" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="87">D. singaporense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), a subventral pair of precloacal Acan-set (vs. single ventral Corn-set in
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFD2C555300D0EEF2DABFBF0" box="[1148,1262,1016,1040]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="87">P. h o p p e r i</emphasis>
, no precloacal Acan-set nor Corn-set in
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFD2C55535C7090B2B7CFBD4" box="[438,569,1053,1076]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="87">P. s p i n o s u m</emphasis>
) and the gubernaculum with thin lateral dilation (vs. without lateral dilation in the other species cf.
<bibRefCitation id="D72D4B53FFD2C55535EE09572B1BFBB8" author="Decraemer" box="[415,606,1088,1112]" pageId="9" pageNumber="87" refString="Decraemer, W. (1982) Draconematidae and Epsilonematidae (Nematoda) from Laing Island Papua New Guinea, with one new genus and three new species. Bulletin de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique: Biologie, 54, 1 - 22." type="journal article" year="1982">Decraemer 1982</bibRefCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="74BC4D21FFD2C555360209572A66FBB8" box="[627,803,1088,1112]" class="Adenophorea" family="Draconematidae" genus="Paradraconema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="9" pageNumber="87" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="pachylumbus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFD2C555360209572A66FBB8" box="[627,803,1088,1112]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="87">P. pachylumbus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="9AFB57CBFFD2C555375A09562AC3FBB8" box="[811,902,1088,1112]" pageId="9" pageNumber="87" rank="species">
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFD2C555375A09562AC3FBB8" bold="true" box="[811,902,1088,1112]" pageId="9" pageNumber="87">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
is distinguished from
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFD2C55530F409572C4BFBB8" box="[1157,1294,1088,1112]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="87">P. f l o r i d e n s e</emphasis>
not only by the characteristics of male posterior body but by the number of setae on the tail region in males and females (8 setae on annulated region and 3 setae on non-annulated end vs. 3–6 and 1–2 for
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFD2C5553004099F2C41FB40" box="[1141,1284,1160,1184]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="87">P. f l o r i d e n s e</emphasis>
), the longer gubernaculum (25–27 μm vs. 10–19 μm in
<taxonomicName id="74BC4D21FFD2C55536F009BB2A48FB24" box="[641,781,1196,1220]" class="Adenophorea" family="Draconematidae" genus="Paradraconema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="9" pageNumber="87" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="floridense">
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFD2C55536F009BB2A48FB24" box="[641,781,1196,1220]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="87">P. floridense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), and the shorter tail in males (3.4 abd long vs.
<quantity id="74449B47FFD2C555315A09BA2CD9FB24" box="[1323,1436,1196,1220]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2572999999999999" metricValueMax="1.4731999999999998" metricValueMin="1.0413999999999999" pageId="9" pageNumber="87" unit="in" value="4.949999999999999" valueMax="5.8" valueMin="4.1">4.1–5.8 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName id="74BC4D21FFD2C55534E609C72867FB08" box="[151,290,1232,1256]" class="Adenophorea" family="Draconematidae" genus="Paradraconema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="9" pageNumber="87" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="floridense">
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFD2C55534E609C72867FB08" box="[151,290,1232,1256]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="87">P. floridense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

187
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<mods:title id="35B3666D312AB542757E88217DBE61DB">New species of the genera Draconema Cobb, 1913 and Paradraconema Allen &amp; Noffsinger, 1978 (Nematoda: Draconematidae) from the Andaman Islands, Indian Ocean, with keys to the species</mods:title>
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<subSubSection id="FBA66529FFDEC55934E609E5286FFAD0" pageId="5" pageNumber="83" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="B30336A2FFDEC55934E609E5286FFAD0" blockId="5.[151,1406,1267,1328]" pageId="5" pageNumber="83">
<heading id="E84B81CEFFDEC55934E609E5286FFAD0" bold="true" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="83" reason="1">
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFDEC55934E609E5286FFAD0" bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="83">
Key to species of the genus
<taxonomicName id="74BC4D21FFDEC559359A09E22A57FAED" authority="Cobb, 1913" authorityName="Cobb" authorityYear="1913" box="[491,786,1267,1294]" class="Adenophorea" family="Draconematidae" genus="Draconema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="83" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFDEC559359A09E22B3CFAEE" bold="true" box="[491,633,1268,1294]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="83">Draconema</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="D72D4B53FFDEC55936F109E52A57FAED" author="Cobb" box="[640,786,1267,1293]" pageId="5" pageNumber="83" refString="Cobb, N. A. (1913) Draconema: A remarkable genus of marine free-living nematodes. Journal of Washington Academy of Sciences, 3, 145 - 149." type="journal article" year="1913">Cobb, 1913</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
: cf., keys in
<bibRefCitation id="D72D4B53FFDEC55937D809E52DA9FAED" author="Allen" box="[937,1260,1267,1293]" pageId="5" pageNumber="83" refString="Allen, M. C. &amp; Noffsinger, E. M. (1978) A revision of the marine nematodes of the superfamily Draconematoidea Filipjev, 1918 (Nematoda: Draconematina). University of California Publication in Zoology, 109, 1 - 133." type="journal article" year="1978">Allen &amp; Noffsinger (1978)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="D72D4B53FFDEC559315B09E52860FAD0" author="Rho" pageId="5" pageNumber="83" refString="Rho, H. S. &amp; Kim, W. (2004) Redescription of the free-living marine nematode species, Draconema japonicum Kito, 1976 (Nematoda: Draconematidae), by scanning electron microscopy. Korean Journal of Biological Science, 8, 235 - 245." type="journal article" year="2004">Rho &amp; Kim (2004)</bibRefCitation>
.
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="FBA66529FFDEC55934E6084B2CD9F87F" pageId="5" pageNumber="83" type="key">
<keyStep id="08482E07FFDEC55934E6084B2CD9FA6F" pageId="5" pageNumber="83">
<paragraph id="B30336A2FFDEC55934E6084B2CD9FA92" blockId="5.[151,1436,1373,1951]" box="[151,1436,1373,1394]" pageId="5" pageNumber="83">
<keyLead id="084D9597FFDEC55934E6084B2CD9FA92" box="[151,1436,1373,1394]" pageId="5" pageNumber="83">1. Male with 14–19 SlAT. Female with 18–24 SlAT............................................................. 2</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B30336A2FFDEC55934E6086C2CD9FA6F" blockId="5.[151,1436,1373,1951]" box="[151,1436,1402,1423]" pageId="5" pageNumber="83">
<keyLead id="084D9597FFDEC55934E6086C2CD9FA6F" box="[151,1436,1402,1423]" pageId="5" pageNumber="83">- Male with 7–10 SlAT. Female with 9–16 SlAT............................................................... 3</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="08482E07FFDEC55934E608812CDEFA2A" pageId="5" pageNumber="83">
<paragraph id="B30336A2FFDEC55934E608812CD9FA4D" blockId="5.[151,1436,1373,1951]" box="[151,1436,1431,1453]" pageId="5" pageNumber="83">
<keyLead id="084D9597FFDEC55934E608812CD9FA4D" box="[151,1436,1431,1453]" pageId="5" pageNumber="83">
2. Male cloacal setae all unevenly tapered............................................................
<taxonomicName id="74BC4D21FFDEC5593141088E2CD9FA4D" box="[1328,1436,1432,1453]" class="Adenophorea" family="Draconematidae" genus="Draconema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="83" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="chilense">
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFDEC5593141088E2CD9FA4D" box="[1328,1436,1432,1453]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="83">D. chilense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B30336A2FFDEC55934E608A32CDEFA2A" blockId="5.[151,1436,1373,1951]" box="[151,1435,1461,1482]" pageId="5" pageNumber="83">
<keyLead id="084D9597FFDEC55934E608A32CDEFA2A" box="[151,1435,1461,1482]" pageId="5" pageNumber="83">
- Male cloacal setae all uniformly tapered.......................................................
<taxonomicName id="74BC4D21FFDEC559308708A32CDEFA2A" box="[1270,1435,1461,1482]" class="Adenophorea" family="Draconematidae" genus="Draconema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="83" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="ophicephalum">
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFDEC559308708A32CDEFA2A" box="[1270,1435,1461,1482]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="83">D. ophicephalum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="08482E07FFDEC55934E608C42CD9F9E4" pageId="5" pageNumber="83">
<paragraph id="B30336A2FFDEC55934E608C42CD9FA07" blockId="5.[151,1436,1373,1951]" box="[151,1436,1490,1511]" pageId="5" pageNumber="83">
<keyLead id="084D9597FFDEC55934E608C42CD9FA07" box="[151,1436,1490,1511]" pageId="5" pageNumber="83">3. Male with 2 sublateral pairs of uniformly tapered cloacal setae and 2 subventral pairs of unevenly tapered cloacal setae... 4</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B30336A2FFDEC55934E608F92CD9F9E4" blockId="5.[151,1436,1373,1951]" box="[151,1436,1519,1540]" pageId="5" pageNumber="83">
<keyLead id="084D9597FFDEC55934E608F92CD9F9E4" box="[151,1436,1519,1540]" pageId="5" pageNumber="83">- Male cloacal setae all uniformly tapered................................................................... 8</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="08482E07FFDEC55934E60B1B2CD9F9DF" pageId="5" pageNumber="83">
<paragraph id="B30336A2FFDEC55934E60B1B2CDEF9C2" blockId="5.[151,1436,1373,1951]" box="[151,1435,1549,1570]" pageId="5" pageNumber="83">
<keyLead id="084D9597FFDEC55934E60B1B2CDEF9C2" box="[151,1435,1549,1570]" pageId="5" pageNumber="83">
4. Male with 10–11 SvAT. Female with 12–14 SvAT.........................................
<taxonomicName id="74BC4D21FFDEC55930D40B1B2C0CF9C2" box="[1189,1353,1549,1570]" class="Adenophorea" family="Draconematidae" genus="Draconema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="83" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="andamanense" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFDEC55930D40B1B2C0CF9C2" box="[1189,1353,1549,1570]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="83">D. andamanense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFDEC559313E0B1B2CDEF9C2" bold="true" box="[1359,1435,1549,1570]" pageId="5" pageNumber="83">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="9AFB57CBFFDEC559313E0B1B2CDEF9C2" box="[1359,1435,1549,1570]" pageId="5" pageNumber="83" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B30336A2FFDEC55934E60B3C2CD9F9DF" blockId="5.[151,1436,1373,1951]" box="[151,1436,1578,1599]" pageId="5" pageNumber="83">
<keyLead id="084D9597FFDEC55934E60B3C2CD9F9DF" box="[151,1436,1578,1599]" pageId="5" pageNumber="83">- Male with 14–18 SvAT. Female with 14–19 SvAT............................................................ 5</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="08482E07FFDEC55934E60B512CD9F954" pageId="5" pageNumber="83">
<paragraph id="B30336A2FFDEC55934E60B512CD9F99A" blockId="5.[151,1436,1373,1951]" pageId="5" pageNumber="83">
<keyLead id="084D9597FFDEC55934E60B512CD9F99A" pageId="5" pageNumber="83">5. Male and female with 9–13 anteriormost annules enlarged on swollen pharyngeal region. Male with short gubernaculum (16–23μm)........................................................................................... 6</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B30336A2FFDEC55934E60B942CD9F954" blockId="5.[151,1436,1373,1951]" pageId="5" pageNumber="83">
<keyLead id="084D9597FFDEC55934E60B942CD9F954" pageId="5" pageNumber="83">- Male and female with 15–16 anteriormost annules enlarged on swollen pharyngeal region. Male with long gubernaculum (31–44μm)........................................................................................... 7</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="08482E07FFDEC55934E60BAB2CD9F90F" pageId="5" pageNumber="83">
<paragraph id="B30336A2FFDEC55934E60BAB2CDEF932" blockId="5.[151,1436,1373,1951]" box="[151,1435,1725,1746]" pageId="5" pageNumber="83">
<keyLead id="084D9597FFDEC55934E60BAB2CDEF932" box="[151,1435,1725,1746]" pageId="5" pageNumber="83">
6. Male with gubernaculum dilated laterally in distal part..............................................
<taxonomicName id="74BC4D21FFDEC55931680BAB2CDEF932" box="[1305,1435,1725,1746]" class="Adenophorea" family="Draconematidae" genus="Draconema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="83" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="japonicum">
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFDEC55931680BAB2CDEF932" box="[1305,1435,1725,1746]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="83">D. japonicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B30336A2FFDEC55934E60BCC2CD9F90F" blockId="5.[151,1436,1373,1951]" box="[151,1436,1754,1775]" pageId="5" pageNumber="83">
<keyLead id="084D9597FFDEC55934E60BCC2CD9F90F" box="[151,1436,1754,1775]" pageId="5" pageNumber="83">
- Male with gubernaculum not dilated laterally in distal part..........................................
<taxonomicName id="74BC4D21FFDEC559317F0BCC2CD9F90F" box="[1294,1436,1754,1775]" class="Adenophorea" family="Draconematidae" genus="Draconema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="83" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="cephalatum">
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFDEC559317F0BCC2CD9F90F" box="[1294,1436,1754,1775]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="83">D. cephalatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="08482E07FFDEC55934E60BE12CD9F8CA" pageId="5" pageNumber="83">
<paragraph id="B30336A2FFDEC55934E60BE12CD9F8ED" blockId="5.[151,1436,1373,1951]" box="[151,1436,1783,1805]" pageId="5" pageNumber="83">
<keyLead id="084D9597FFDEC55934E60BE12CD9F8ED" box="[151,1436,1783,1805]" pageId="5" pageNumber="83">
7. Male and female with 6 pairs of setae on non-annulated tail end.......................................
<taxonomicName id="74BC4D21FFDEC55931600BEE2CD9F8ED" box="[1297,1436,1784,1805]" class="Adenophorea" family="Draconematidae" genus="Draconema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="83" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="brasiliense">
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFDEC55931600BEE2CD9F8ED" box="[1297,1436,1784,1805]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="83">D. brasiliense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B30336A2FFDEC55934E60A032CD9F8CA" blockId="5.[151,1436,1373,1951]" box="[151,1436,1813,1834]" pageId="5" pageNumber="83">
<keyLead id="084D9597FFDEC55934E60A032CD9F8CA" box="[151,1436,1813,1834]" pageId="5" pageNumber="83">
- Male and female with 7 pairs of setae on non-annulated tail end.......................................
<taxonomicName id="74BC4D21FFDEC55931670A032CD9F8CA" box="[1302,1436,1813,1834]" class="Adenophorea" family="Draconematidae" genus="Draconema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="83" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="fluminense">
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFDEC55931670A032CD9F8CA" box="[1302,1436,1813,1834]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="83">D. fluminense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="08482E07FFDEC55934E60A242CD9F884" pageId="5" pageNumber="83">
<paragraph id="B30336A2FFDEC55934E60A242CD9F8A7" blockId="5.[151,1436,1373,1951]" box="[151,1436,1842,1863]" pageId="5" pageNumber="83">
<keyLead id="084D9597FFDEC55934E60A242CD9F8A7" box="[151,1436,1842,1863]" pageId="5" pageNumber="83">
8. Male cloacal flap crenate........................................................................
<taxonomicName id="74BC4D21FFDEC559315F0A242CD9F8A7" box="[1326,1436,1842,1863]" class="Adenophorea" family="Draconematidae" genus="Draconema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="83" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="haswelli">
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFDEC559315F0A242CD9F8A7" box="[1326,1436,1842,1863]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="83">D. haswelli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B30336A2FFDEC55934E60A592CD9F884" blockId="5.[151,1436,1373,1951]" box="[151,1436,1871,1892]" pageId="5" pageNumber="83">
<keyLead id="084D9597FFDEC55934E60A592CD9F884" box="[151,1436,1871,1892]" pageId="5" pageNumber="83">- Male cloacal flap not crenate............................................................................ 9</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="08482E07FFDEC55934E60A7B2CD9F87F" pageId="5" pageNumber="83">
<paragraph id="B30336A2FFDEC55934E60A7B2CD9F862" blockId="5.[151,1436,1373,1951]" box="[151,1436,1901,1922]" pageId="5" pageNumber="83">
<keyLead id="084D9597FFDEC55934E60A7B2CD9F862" box="[151,1436,1901,1922]" pageId="5" pageNumber="83">
9. Male and female with long setae on non-annulated tail end.........................................
<taxonomicName id="74BC4D21FFDEC559317A0A7B2CD9F862" box="[1291,1436,1901,1922]" class="Adenophorea" family="Draconematidae" genus="Draconema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="83" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="antarcticum">
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFDEC559317A0A7B2CD9F862" box="[1291,1436,1901,1922]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="83">D. antarcticum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B30336A2FFDEC55934E60A9C2CD9F87F" blockId="5.[151,1436,1373,1951]" box="[151,1436,1930,1951]" pageId="5" pageNumber="83">
<keyLead id="084D9597FFDEC55934E60A9C2CD9F87F" box="[151,1436,1930,1951]" pageId="5" pageNumber="83">
- Male and female without long setae on non-annulated tail end........................................
<taxonomicName id="74BC4D21FFDEC559316C0A9C2CD9F87F" box="[1309,1436,1930,1951]" class="Adenophorea" family="Draconematidae" genus="Draconema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="83" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="claparedii">
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFDEC559316C0A9C2CD9F87F" box="[1309,1436,1930,1951]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="83">D. claparedii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

240
data/3B/15/F5/3B15F56772A26C29CB0BABA3031A6F5F.xml Normal file
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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.495.9356" ID-PMC="PMC4400407" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-495-79" ID-Pensoft-UUID="FF9BFFE80C65E621D1255343631D483B" ID-PubMed="25901123" ID-Zenodo-Dep="578803" ID-ZooBank="525BA44597F04C31A94403B3535CBF8A" ModsDocID="1313-2970-495-79" checkinTime="1451244455350" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Rosa, Paolo &amp; Vardal, Hege" docDate="2015" docId="3B15F56772A26C29CB0BABA3031A6F5F" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 495: 79-132" docOrigin="ZooKeys 495" docPubDate="2015-04-08" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.495.9356" docTitle="Chrysis erythromelas Dahlbom 1845" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" id="FF9BFFE80C65E621D1255343631D483B" lastPageNumber="90" masterDocId="FF9BFFE80C65E621D1255343631D483B" masterDocTitle="An annotated catalogue of the types of Chrysididae (Hymenoptera) at the Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, with brief historical notes" masterLastPageNumber="132" masterPageNumber="79" pageNumber="89" updateTime="1668160184652" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>An annotated catalogue of the types of Chrysididae (Hymenoptera) at the Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, with brief historical notes</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart>Rosa, Paolo</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Via Belvedere 8 / d I- 20881 Bernareggio (MB), Italy</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">rosa@chrysis.net</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Vardal, Hege</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Swedish Museum of Natural History, Department of Entomology, Box 50007, SE- 104 05 Stockholm, Sweden</mods:affiliation>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152059413" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3B15F56772A26C29CB0BABA3031A6F5F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3B15F56772A26C29CB0BABA3031A6F5F" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="90" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">
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<taxonomicName LSID="3B15F567-72A2-6C29-CB0B-ABA3031A6F5F" authority="Dahlbom, 1845" authorityName="Dahlbom" authorityYear="1845" class="Insecta" family="Chrysididae" genus="Chrysis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysis erythromelas" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erythromelas">Chrysis erythromelas Dahlbom, 1845</taxonomicName>
<figureCitation captionStart="Plate 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Plate 8. Chrysis erythromelas Dahlbom, 1845, holotype. A Habitus, lateral view B head, frontal view C mesosoma, dorsal view D second and third metasomal tergites, dorso-lateral view." pageId="10" pageNumber="89">Plate 8</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="10" pageNumber="89" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="89">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Dahlbom" authorityYear="1845" class="Insecta" family="Chrysididae" genus="Chrysis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysis erythromelas" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erythromelas">Chrysis erythromelas</taxonomicName>
:
<bibRefCitation author="Dahlbom, AG" journalOrPublisher="Berlingianis, Lund" pageId="44" pageNumber="123" publicationUrl="10.5962/bhl.title.66977" refId="B19" refString="Dahlbom, AG, 1845. Dispositio Methodica Specierum Hymenopterorum, secundum Familias Insectorum Naturales. Part. II. Chrysis in sensu Linnaeano. Berlingianis, Lund, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.66977" title="Dispositio Methodica Specierum Hymenopterorum, secundum Familias Insectorum Naturales. Part. II. Chrysis in sensu Linnaeano." url="10.5962/bhl.title.66977" year="1845">Dahlbom 1845</bibRefCitation>
: 11.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="10" pageNumber="89" type="type locality">
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="89">Type locality.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="89">unknown [not Italy, Sicily].</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="10" pageNumber="89" type="holotype ♀">
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="89">Holotype ♀.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="89">[Mus. Payk.] [Type] [NHRS-HEVA000001081].</paragraph>
<caption pageId="10" pageNumber="89" start="Plate 8" startId="F8">
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="89">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">Plate 8.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Dahlbom" authorityYear="1845" class="Insecta" family="Chrysididae" genus="Chrysis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysis erythromelas" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erythromelas">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">Chrysis erythromelas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Dahlbom, 1845, holotype.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">A</emphasis>
Habitus, lateral view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">B</emphasis>
head, frontal view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">C</emphasis>
mesosoma, dorsal view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">D</emphasis>
second and third metasomal tergites, dorso-lateral view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="90" pageId="10" pageNumber="89" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="89">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="89">
<bibRefCitation author="Dahlbom, AG" journalOrPublisher="Berlingianis, Lund" pageId="44" pageNumber="123" publicationUrl="10.5962/bhl.title.66977" refId="B19" refString="Dahlbom, AG, 1845. Dispositio Methodica Specierum Hymenopterorum, secundum Familias Insectorum Naturales. Part. II. Chrysis in sensu Linnaeano. Berlingianis, Lund, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.66977" title="Dispositio Methodica Specierum Hymenopterorum, secundum Familias Insectorum Naturales. Part. II. Chrysis in sensu Linnaeano." url="10.5962/bhl.title.66977" year="1845">Dahlbom (1845</bibRefCitation>
: 11 [not
<bibRefCitation author="Dahlbom, AG" journalOrPublisher="Tip. F. Nicolai, Berlin" pageId="44" pageNumber="123" publicationUrl="10.5962/bhl.title.15890" refId="B21" refString="Dahlbom, AG, 1854. Hymenoptera Europaea praecipue Borealia, formis typicis nonnullis. Specierum generumve exoticorum propter nexum systematicum associatis, per Familias, Genera, Species et Varietates disposita atque descripta. Tip. F. Nicolai, Berlin, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.15890" title="Hymenoptera Europaea praecipue Borealia, formis typicis nonnullis. Specierum generumve exoticorum propter nexum systematicum associatis, per Familias, Genera, Species et Varietates disposita atque descripta" url="10.5962/bhl.title.15890" year="1854">1854</bibRefCitation>
: 155]) described
<taxonomicName authorityName="Dahlbom" authorityYear="1845" class="Insecta" family="Chrysididae" genus="Chrysis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysis erythromelas" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erythromelas">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">Chrysis erythromelas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on a single specimen without any type locality, as written later more clearly by Dahlbom himself (
<bibRefCitation author="Dahlbom, AG" journalOrPublisher="Tip. F. Nicolai, Berlin" pageId="44" pageNumber="123" publicationUrl="10.5962/bhl.title.15890" refId="B21" refString="Dahlbom, AG, 1854. Hymenoptera Europaea praecipue Borealia, formis typicis nonnullis. Specierum generumve exoticorum propter nexum systematicum associatis, per Familias, Genera, Species et Varietates disposita atque descripta. Tip. F. Nicolai, Berlin, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.15890" title="Hymenoptera Europaea praecipue Borealia, formis typicis nonnullis. Specierum generumve exoticorum propter nexum systematicum associatis, per Familias, Genera, Species et Varietates disposita atque descripta" url="10.5962/bhl.title.15890" year="1854">1854</bibRefCitation>
: 155): &quot;
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">Specimen e Collectione Pajkulliana Musei Reg. Acad. Scient. Stockholm. communicavit D. Boheman, patria non indicata</emphasis>
&quot;. In the NHRS collection there are two specimens with the same label [Mus. Payk.] and belonging to the same species; but only one is labelled as [Type] and we consider it as the holotype. It is damaged after an old dermestid attack; it lacks the right flagellum, both right fore- and hindwing, left hindwing and right hindleg.
</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="90" pageId="10" pageNumber="89">
For a long time,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Dahlbom" authorityYear="1845" class="Insecta" family="Chrysididae" genus="Chrysis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysis erythromelas" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erythromelas">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="90">
<pageBreakToken pageId="11" pageNumber="90" start="start">Chrysis</pageBreakToken>
erythromelas
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been considered as a variety of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysididae" genus="Chrysis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysis viridula" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="viridula">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="90">Chrysis viridula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Linnaeus, 1761 by the most important authors (
<bibRefCitation author="Mocsary, A" journalOrPublisher="Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest" pageId="46" pageNumber="125" refId="B62" refString="Mocsary, A, 1889. Monographia Chrysididarum Orbis Terrestris Universi. Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest" title="Monographia Chrysididarum Orbis Terrestris Universi." year="1889">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Mocsáry">Mocsary</normalizedToken>
1889
</bibRefCitation>
: 444;
<bibRefCitation author="Dalla Torre, CG de" journalOrPublisher="Catalogus Hymenopterorum hucusque descriptorum systematicus et synonymicus. Chrysididae (Tubulifera)" pageId="44" pageNumber="123" refId="B23" refString="Dalla Torre, CG de, 1892. . Catalogus Hymenopterorum hucusque descriptorum systematicus et synonymicus. Chrysididae (Tubulifera) vol. 6" volume="vol. 6" year="1892">Dalla Torre 1892</bibRefCitation>
: 108;
<bibRefCitation author="Trautmann, W" journalOrPublisher="Uschman, Weimar" pageId="48" pageNumber="127" refId="B101" refString="Trautmann, W, 1927. Die Goldwespen Europas. Uschman, Weimar" title="Die Goldwespen Europas." year="1927">Trautmann 1927</bibRefCitation>
: 165;
<bibRefCitation author="Berland, L" journalOrPublisher="Faune de France" pageId="43" pageNumber="122" refId="B6" refString="Berland, L, Bernard, F, 1938. Hymenopteres Vespiformes. III. (Cleptidae, Chrysidae [sic], Trigonalidae). Faune de France vol. 34" title="Hymenopteres Vespiformes. III. (Cleptidae, Chrysidae [sic], Trigonalidae)." volume="vol. 34" year="1938">Berland and Bernard 1938</bibRefCitation>
: 107).
<bibRefCitation author="Kimsey, LS" journalOrPublisher="Oxford University Press, New York" pageId="45" pageNumber="124" refId="B37" refString="Kimsey, LS, Bohart, RM, 1991 1990. The Chrysidid Wasps of the World. Oxford University Press, New York" title="The Chrysidid Wasps of the World." year="1991">Kimsey and Bohart (1991</bibRefCitation>
: 424) synonymised it with
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysididae" genus="Chrysis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysis integra" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="integra">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="90">Chrysis integra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Fabricius, 1787. Without following the Principle of Priority,
<bibRefCitation author="Linsenmaier, W" journalOrPublisher="Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft" pageId="45" pageNumber="124" pagination="1 - 110" refId="B44" refString="Linsenmaier, W, 1951. Die europaeischen Chrysididen (Hymenoptera). Versuch einer natuerlichen Ordnung mit Diagnosen. Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft 24 (1): 1 - 110" title="Die europaeischen Chrysididen (Hymenoptera). Versuch einer natuerlichen Ordnung mit Diagnosen." volume="24" year="1951">Linsenmaier (1951</bibRefCitation>
: 101) considered
<taxonomicName authorityName="Dahlbom" authorityYear="1845" class="Insecta" family="Chrysididae" genus="Chrysis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysis erythromelas" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erythromelas">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="90">Chrysis erythromelas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a variety of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Eversmann" authorityYear="1857" class="Insecta" family="Chrysididae" genus="Chrysis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysis cylindrica" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cylindrica">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="90">Chrysis cylindrica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Eversmann, 1857. Later
<bibRefCitation author="Linsenmaier, W" journalOrPublisher="Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft" pageId="45" pageNumber="124" pagination="1 - 232" refId="B45" refString="Linsenmaier, W, 1959. Revision der Familie Chrysididae (Hymenoptera) mit besonderer Beruecksichtigung der europaeischen Spezies. Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft 32 (1): 1 - 232" title="Revision der Familie Chrysididae (Hymenoptera) mit besonderer Beruecksichtigung der europaeischen Spezies." volume="32" year="1959">Linsenmaier (1959</bibRefCitation>
: 132) placed
<taxonomicName authorityName="Dahlbom" authorityYear="1845" class="Insecta" family="Chrysididae" genus="Chrysis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysis erythromelas" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erythromelas">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="90">Chrysis erythromelas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in relation with
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysididae" genus="Chrysis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysis integra subsp. sicula" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="integra" subSpecies="sicula">Chrysis integra ssp. sicula</taxonomicName>
Abeille de Perrin, 1877, but he was not sure about the correct relationship: &quot;
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="90">Der Name</emphasis>
erythromelas
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="90">Dahlbom 1845 bezieht sich auf diese Spezies, doch kann ich nicht beurteilen, ob er als Synonym zu</emphasis>
integra
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="90">Nominatform aufzufassen ist, oder ob er an Stelle von ssp.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysididae" genus="Chrysis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="subsp. sicula" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="integra" subSpecies="sicula">sicula</taxonomicName>
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="90">
zu treten
<normalizedToken originalValue="hätte">haette</normalizedToken>
(er wurde nach einem
</emphasis>
♀
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="90">ohne Patria aufgestellt, auch ohne sichere Geschlechts-Bestimmung)</emphasis>
&quot;. Finally
<bibRefCitation author="Linsenmaier, W" journalOrPublisher="Entomofauna" pageId="45" pageNumber="124" pagination="245 - 300" refId="B48" refString="Linsenmaier, W, 1997a. Altes und Neues von den Chrysididen (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Entomofauna 18 (19): 245 - 300" title="Altes und Neues von den Chrysididen (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae)." volume="18" year="1997 a">Linsenmaier (1997a</bibRefCitation>
: 277) synonymised
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysididae" genus="Chrysis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysis sicula" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sicula">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="90">Chrysis sicula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysididae" genus="Chrysis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysis ornata" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ornata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="90">Chrysis ornata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Smith, 1851; but this synonym is in error, since
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysididae" genus="Chrysis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysis ornata" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ornata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="90">Chrysis ornata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is described from England and it is related to
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysididae" genus="Chrysis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysis viridula" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="viridula">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="90">Chrysis viridula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Linnaeus s. str..
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysididae" genus="Chrysis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysis integra" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="integra">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="90">Chrysis integra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and related forms are distributed only in the Mediterranean area. The name
<taxonomicName authorityName="Dahlbom" authorityYear="1845" class="Insecta" family="Chrysididae" genus="Chrysis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysis erythromelas" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erythromelas">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="90">Chrysis erythromelas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was even used to identify other species belonging to the
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysididae" genus="Chrysis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysis viridula" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="viridula">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="90">Chrysis viridula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group. For example
<bibRefCitation author="Invrea, F" journalOrPublisher="Annali del Museo civico di Storia naturale &quot; G. Doria &quot;" pageId="45" pageNumber="124" pagination="404 - 425" refId="B35" refString="Invrea, F, 1920. Contribuzioni allo studio dei Crisidi liguri. Prima serie. Res ligusticae XLVI. Annali del Museo civico di Storia naturale &quot;G. Doria&quot; 52: 404 - 425" title="Contribuzioni allo studio dei Crisidi liguri. Prima serie. Res ligusticae XLVI." volume="52" year="1920">Invrea (1920</bibRefCitation>
: 417;
<bibRefCitation author="Invrea, F" journalOrPublisher="Annali del Museo civico di Storia naturale &quot; G. Doria &quot;" pageId="45" pageNumber="124" pagination="332 - 346" refId="B36" refString="Invrea, F, 1921. Contribuzioni allo studio dei Crisidi liguri. Seconda serie. Res ligusticae XLVIII. Annali del Museo civico di Storia naturale &quot;G. Doria&quot; 53: 332 - 346" title="Contribuzioni allo studio dei Crisidi liguri. Seconda serie. Res ligusticae XLVIII." volume="53" year="1921">1921</bibRefCitation>
: 344) identified the females of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lepeletier de Saint Fargeau" authorityYear="1806" class="Insecta" family="Chrysididae" genus="Chrysis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysis pulcherrima" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pulcherrima">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="90">Chrysis pulcherrima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Lepeletier, 1806 as
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysididae" genus="Chrysis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysis bidentata subsp. var. var. erythromelas" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="bidentata" subSpecies="var." variety="erythromelas">Chrysis bidentata var. erythromelas</taxonomicName>
. The examination of the holotype confirms that
<taxonomicName authorityName="Dahlbom" authorityYear="1845" class="Insecta" family="Chrysididae" genus="Chrysis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysis erythromelas" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erythromelas">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="90">Chrysis erythromelas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the first available name for the species named
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysididae" genus="Chrysis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysis sicula" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sicula">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="90">Chrysis sicula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Abeille de Perrin, 1877 or
<taxonomicName authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1851" class="Insecta" family="Chrysididae" genus="Chrysis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysis integra subsp. ornata" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="integra" subSpecies="ornata">Chrysis integra ssp. ornata</taxonomicName>
Smith, 1851
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="90">sensu</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Linsenmaier, W" journalOrPublisher="Entomofauna" pageId="45" pageNumber="124" pagination="245 - 300" refId="B48" refString="Linsenmaier, W, 1997a. Altes und Neues von den Chrysididen (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae). Entomofauna 18 (19): 245 - 300" title="Altes und Neues von den Chrysididen (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae)." volume="18" year="1997 a">Linsenmaier (1997a)</bibRefCitation>
and widely distributed in northern Africa (see the material housed in the Linsenmaier collection) and in Sicily. The species is easily identifiable from
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysididae" genus="Chrysis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysis integra" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="integra">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="90">Chrysis integra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Fabricius by the deep and long frontal sulcus elongated between the fore ocellus and the facial scapal basin, halving the transversal frontal carina (TFC); punctation on metasoma with shining intervals between the punctures, with smaller dots between the larger punctures; last tergite with pit row deeply elongated (Plate
<figureCitation captionStart="Plate 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Plate 8. Chrysis erythromelas Dahlbom, 1845, holotype. A Habitus, lateral view B head, frontal view C mesosoma, dorsal view D second and third metasomal tergites, dorso-lateral view." pageId="11" pageNumber="90">8</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="90" type="current status">
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="90">Current status.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="90">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Dahlbom" authorityYear="1845" class="Insecta" family="Chrysididae" genus="Chrysis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysis erythromelas" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erythromelas">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="90">Chrysis erythromelas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Dahlbom, 1845,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="90">status revived.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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–426, pl. 29, fig. 18;
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; Möschler, 1878: 645; Druce, 1884: 80; Druce, 1897: 358;
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: 382
</treatmentCitation>
–383, fig. 191;
<treatmentCitation id="321D6B22FFB6FFF3302CF92FFFB2F945" author="Klages E. A." box="[568,756,1763,1788]" page="547" pageId="2" pageNumber="189" year="1906">
<bibRefCitation id="D72D30C2FFB6FFF3302CF92FFF87F945" author="Klages E. A." box="[568,705,1763,1788]" pageId="2" pageNumber="189" pagination="531 - 553" refId="ref6025" refString="Klages E. A. (1906) On the Syntomid Moths of Southern Venezuela Collected in 1898 - 1900. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 29, 531 - 553. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.1434.531" type="journal article" year="1906">Klages, 1906</bibRefCitation>
: 547
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="321D6B22FFB6FFF330EBF928FEF6F945" author="Zerny, H." box="[767,944,1763,1788]" page="155" pageId="2" pageNumber="189" year="1912">
<bibRefCitation id="D72D30C2FFB6FFF330EBF928FE3BF945" author="Zerny, H." box="[767,893,1764,1788]" pageId="2" pageNumber="189" pagination="1 - 179" refId="ref7331" refString="Zerny, H. (1912) Syntomidae. In: Strand, E. (Ed.), Lepidopterorum Catalogus. Pars 7. W. Junk, Berlin, pp. 1 - 179. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 124036" type="book chapter" year="1912">Zerny, 1912</bibRefCitation>
: 155
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="321D6B22FFB6FFF331AFF92FF920F945" author="Strand, E." box="[955,1126,1763,1788]" page="26" pageId="2" pageNumber="189" year="1915">
<bibRefCitation id="D72D30C2FFB6FFF331AFF92FF906F945" author="Strand, E." box="[955,1088,1763,1788]" pageId="2" pageNumber="189" pagination="19 - 29" refId="ref6632" refString="Strand, E. (1915) Uber einige exotische (exklus. asiatische) Syntomididen des Deutschen Entomologischen Museums. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, 1915, 19 - 29." type="journal article" year="1915">Strand, 1915</bibRefCitation>
: 26
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="321D6B22FFB6FFF33665F92FF868F945" author="Draudt, M." box="[1137,1326,1763,1788]" page="128" pageId="2" pageNumber="189" year="1915">
<bibRefCitation id="D72D30C2FFB6FFF33665F92FF9BCF945" author="Draudt, M." box="[1137,1274,1763,1788]" pageId="2" pageNumber="189" pagination="33 - 230" refId="ref5517" refString="Draudt, M. (1915 - 1917) Family Syntomidae, In: Seitz, A. (Ed.), The Macrolepidoptera of the World. Vol. 6. A. Kernen, Stuttgart, pp. 33 - 230." type="book chapter" year="1915">Draudt, 1915</bibRefCitation>
: 128
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="321D6B22FFB6FFF3372CF928FC02F8A2" author="Watson, A. &amp; Fletcher, D. S. &amp; Nye, I. W. B." page="62" pageId="2" pageNumber="189" year="1980">
<bibRefCitation id="D72D30C2FFB6FFF3372CF928FC58F8A2" author="Watson, A. &amp; Fletcher, D. S. &amp; Nye, I. W. B." pageId="2" pageNumber="189" refId="ref7051" refString="Watson, A., Fletcher, D. S. &amp; Nye, I. W. B. (1980) Noctuoidea (Parte). In: Nye, I. W. B. (Ed.), The generic names of moths of the world. Vol. 2. Arctiidae, Cocytiidae, Ctenuchidae, Dilobidae, Dioptidae, Lymantriidae, Notodontidae, Strepsimanidae, Thaumetopoeidae, Thyretidae. British Museum (Natural History), London, 396 pp." type="book" year="1980">
Watson
<emphasis id="81C89121FFB6FFF3379EF929FD9DF8A2" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="189">et al</emphasis>
. 1980
</bibRefCitation>
: 62
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="321D6B22FFB6FFF3335AF8CEFCB5F8A2" author="Cerda, J. A." box="[334,499,1794,1819]" page="80" pageId="2" pageNumber="189" year="2017">
<bibRefCitation id="D72D30C2FFB6FFF3335AF8CEFC88F8A2" author="Cerda, J. A." box="[334,462,1794,1819]" pageId="2" pageNumber="189" refId="ref5476" refString="Cerda, J. A. (2017) Ctenuchina de Guyane Francaise (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae, Arctiini). (Partie 1). Published by the Societe Linneenne de Lyon, Lyon, 203 pp." type="book" year="2017">Cerda, 2017</bibRefCitation>
: 80
</treatmentCitation>
–81.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="FBA61EB8FFB6FFF33283F8EEFE6FF883" box="[151,809,1825,1850]" pageId="2" pageNumber="189" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="B3034D33FFB6FFF33283F8EEFE6FF883" blockId="2.[151,1436,1733,1850]" box="[151,809,1825,1850]" pageId="2" pageNumber="189">
<typeStatus id="6C07F391FFB6FFF33283F8EEFD8FF883" box="[151,201,1826,1850]" pageId="2" pageNumber="189">Type</typeStatus>
species:
<taxonomicName id="74BC36B0FFB6FFF33332F8EDFFD4F883" authority="Walker, 1854" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1854" box="[294,658,1825,1850]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Euchromia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="189" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="imperialis">
<emphasis id="81C89121FFB6FFF33332F8EDFF45F880" box="[294,515,1825,1849]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="189">Euchromia imperialis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="D72D30C2FFB6FFF3301DF8EDFFD4F883" author="Walker, F." box="[521,658,1825,1850]" pageId="2" pageNumber="189" refId="ref6894" refString="Walker, F. (1854) List of the specimens of lepidopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Lepidoptera-Heterocera. London, 278 pp." type="book" year="1854">Walker, 1854</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, by monotypy.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>