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<document ENCODING="UTF-8" ID-DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.542" ID-GBIF-Dataset="57ea6fdb-2533-44e5-b60b-736758a88d19" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3922206" ID-ZooBank="2C6327E1-5560-4DB4-B9CA-76A0FA03D975" checkinTime="1593218702860" checkinUser="admin" docAuthor="Linnaeus, Carolus" docDate="1758" docId="3B100773513F19931AAFAB10241B2AA2" docLanguage="de" docName="Linnaeus1758Treatments.xml" docOrigin="Stockholm: Laurentius Salvius" docSource="https://archive.org/download/mobot31753000798865/mobot31753000798865.pdf" docTitle="Charadrius aegyptius Linnaeus, 1758, spec. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="679DF97B-B39C-4FFF-8959-E9CBC99E2406" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="13" lastPageNumber="150" masterDocId="3F896AFC21C459639D0D71D9EDB8875C" masterDocTitle="Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis" pageNumber="150" updateTime="1643600433100" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Linnaeus, Carolus</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:originInfo>
<mods:dateIssued>1758</mods:dateIssued>
<mods:publisher>Laurentius Salvius</mods:publisher>
<mods:place>
<mods:placeTerm>Stockholm</mods:placeTerm>
</mods:place>
</mods:originInfo>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>https://archive.org/download/mobot31753000798865/mobot31753000798865.pdf</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>book</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">2C6327E1-5560-4DB4-B9CA-76A0FA03D975</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.542</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">3922206</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3917978" ID-GBIF-Taxon="164810259" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3917978" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:679DF97B-B39C-4FFF-8959-E9CBC99E2406" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3B100773513F19931AAFAB10241B2AA2" lastPageNumber="150" pageNumber="150" sourcePageUrl="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/727057">
<subSubSection type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageNumber="150">
<taxonomicName LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:679DF97B-B39C-4FFF-8959-E9CBC99E2406" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Aves" family="Charadriidae" genus="Charadrius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Charadriiformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aegyptius" status="spec. nov." zbkClass="Aves" zbkKingdom="Animalia" zbkOrder="Grallae">Charadrius aegyptius</taxonomicName>
[
<taxonomicNameLabel rank="species">spec. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
]
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection type="description">
<paragraph pageNumber="150">C. fascia pectorali nigra, superciliis albis, rectricibus apice albis fascia nigra, pedibus caeruleis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageNumber="150">
Charadrius aegyptius.
<emphasis italics="true">Hasselq. iter.</emphasis>
256.
<emphasis italics="true">n.</emphasis>
31.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection type="distribution">
<paragraph pageNumber="150">
<emphasis italics="true">Habitat in</emphasis>
Aegypti
<emphasis italics="true">apricis.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<document id="AE20DAB497E6A25CE688A13F58996969" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.1420.1.1" ID-ISSN="1175­5334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6533340" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1625625502789" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Reid, David G." docDate="2007" docId="3B1087945900FFF8BAF15C35E8964E83" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01420p050.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1420 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1420.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:C4791ACFF01C5C140D2C1A203DB3C9B0.4:Zootaxa.2007-2008.monograph" docStyleId="C4791ACFF01C5C140D2C1A203DB3C9B0" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2007-2008.monograph" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Echinolittorina sundaica" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="50" masterDocId="C729FFEC5931FFC9BA66583AED0A4971" masterDocTitle="The genus Echinolittorina Habe, 1956 (Gastropoda: Littorinidae) in the Indo-West Pacific Ocean" masterLastPageNumber="161" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="50" updateTime="1698993147570" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="E72B2D67E732D86786C0F950E1A0515B">The genus Echinolittorina Habe, 1956 (Gastropoda: Littorinidae) in the Indo-West Pacific Ocean</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="585D8ADDF2590C5FB34920F0055FA95C">2007</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="8CAF41EF0C29EEBFD8FA5A71C8753BA5">1</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="1D340181499BCB832F04D6E9E993DD78" type="ISSN">1175­5334</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="3B1087945900FFF8BAF15C35E8964E83" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5077138" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5077138" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3B1087945900FFF8BAF15C35E8964E83" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3B1087945900FFF8BAF15C35E8964E83" lastPageNumber="50" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<subSubSection id="FBA365095900FFF8BAF15C35EE234D58" box="[151,809,1039,1065]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="B30636825900FFF8BAF15C35EE234D58" blockId="49.[151,809,1039,1100]" box="[151,809,1039,1065]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<heading id="E84E81EE5900FFF8BAF15C35EE234D58" bold="true" box="[151,809,1039,1065]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="74B94D015900FFF8BAF15C35EE234D58" ID-CoL="38JF5" authority="(van Regteren Altena, 1945)" baseAuthorityName="van Regteren Altena" baseAuthorityYear="1945" box="[151,809,1039,1065]" class="Gastropoda" family="Littorinidae" genus="Echinolittorina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="sundaica">
<emphasis id="81CDEA905900FFF8BAF15C35EE234D58" bold="true" box="[151,809,1039,1065]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis id="81CDEA905900FFF8BAF15C35ECCF4D58" bold="true" box="[151,453,1039,1065]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Echinolittorina sundaica</emphasis>
(van Regteren Altena, 1945)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="FBA365095900FFF8BAF15C08EFEE4CB3" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="description">
<paragraph id="B30636825900FFF8BAF15C08ECBC4D3D" blockId="49.[151,809,1039,1100]" box="[151,438,1074,1100]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
(
<figureCitation id="2B822A075900FFF8BAF95C08EC144D3D" box="[159,286,1074,1100]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="48.[151,255,1439,1463]" captionTargetBox="[207,1390,629,1418]" captionTargetId="figure-467@48.[114,1390,629,1423]" captionTargetPageId="48" captionText="FIGURE 23. Distribution of Echinolittorina pascua (open squares), E. sundaica (solid triangles), E. cinerea (solid circles), and E. hawaiiensis (open circles). Literature records: A, Dharma (1997); B, Rosewater (1970); C, Fujioka &amp; Kurozumi (1980); D, Kurozumi (1994); E, Vermeij et al. (1984)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6533387" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6533387/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Figures 23</figureCitation>
–25, 26A, B)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B30636825900FFF8BAF15C42E9F24DDE" blockId="49.[151,1436,1144,1359]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<taxonomicName id="74B94D015900FFF8BAF15C42EE584DFE" authority="van Regteren Altena, 1945: 144" authorityName="van Regteren Altena" authorityPageNumber="144" authorityYear="1945" box="[151,850,1144,1167]" class="Gastropoda" family="Littorinidae" genus="Littorina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="sundaica" subGenus="Melaraphe">
<emphasis id="81CDEA905900FFF8BAF15C42ECE74DFE" box="[151,493,1144,1167]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Littorina (Melaraphe) sundaica</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="03D13CDF5900FFF8BB935C42EE584DFE" box="[501,850,1144,1167]" country="Indonesia" location="Tjilaoet Eureun" municipality="Cilaut Eureun" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Jawa Timur" typeStatus="holotype">van Regteren Altena, 1945: 144</materialsCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, 151–152, fig. 2 (
<location id="B66660595900FFF8BE725C42E9CB4DFE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3B1087945900FFF8BAF15C35E8964E83:B66660595900FFF8BE725C42E9CB4DFE" box="[1044,1217,1144,1167]" country="Indonesia" municipality="Cilaut Eureun" name="Tjilaoet Eureun" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" stateProvince="Jawa Timur">Tjilaoet Eureun</location>
, south coast of
<collectingRegion id="717DF8605900FFF8BF0B5C42E8964DFE" box="[1389,1436,1144,1167]" country="Indonesia" name="Jawa Timur" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Java</collectingRegion>
[
<collectingMunicipality id="5362ACF85900FFF8BAAB5CA2EC6D4DDE" box="[205,359,1176,1199]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Cilaut Eureun</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingRegion id="717DF8605900FFF8BB145CA2ECAE4DDE" box="[370,420,1176,1199]" country="Indonesia" name="Jawa Timur" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Java</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="CBAE76125900FFF8BBC85CA2EF164DDE" box="[430,540,1176,1199]" name="Indonesia" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
];
<typeStatus id="6C0288205900FFF8B84B5CA2EF804DDE" box="[557,650,1176,1199]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
NNML 52038, Fig. 24F). Dharma, 1997: 165–166 (map).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B30636825900FFF8BAF15C82E9754DBE" blockId="49.[151,1436,1144,1359]" box="[151,1151,1208,1231]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis id="81CDEA905900FFF8BAF15C82EC0F4DBE" box="[151,261,1208,1231]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<taxonomicName id="74B94D015900FFF8BAF15C82EDFC4DBE" authorityName=", Reid" authorityYear="1996" box="[151,246,1208,1231]" class="Gastropoda" family="Littorinidae" genus="Littorina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Littorina</taxonomicName>
(
</emphasis>
?
<emphasis id="81CDEA905900FFF8BB775C82EF0B4DBE" box="[273,513,1208,1231]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<taxonomicName id="74B94D015900FFF8BB775C82EC714DBE" authorityName=", Reid" authorityYear="1986" box="[273,379,1208,1231]" class="Gastropoda" family="Littorinidae" genus="Littoraria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Littoraria</taxonomicName>
)
<taxonomicName id="74B94D015900FFF8BBEC5C82ECED4DBE" authorityName="van Regteren Altena" authorityYear="1945" box="[394,487,1208,1231]" class="Gastropoda" family="Littorinidae" genus="Littorina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="sundaica">sundaica</taxonomicName>
—
</emphasis>
Rosewater, 1970: 423, 450, pl. 349, figs 1, 2, pl. 350 (map).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B30636825900FFF8BAF15CE2E8934D9E" blockId="49.[151,1436,1144,1359]" box="[151,1433,1240,1263]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis id="81CDEA905900FFF8BAF15CE2EF204D9E" box="[151,554,1240,1263]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<taxonomicName id="74B94D015900FFF8BAF15CE2EF044D9E" authorityName="van Regteren Altena" authorityYear="1945" box="[151,526,1240,1263]" class="Gastropoda" family="Littorinidae" genus="Littorina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="sundaica" subGenus="Austrolittorina">Littorina (Austrolittorina) sundaica</taxonomicName>
—
</emphasis>
Ponder &amp; Rosewater, 1979: 777–779, pl. 2, figs 1-4, pl. 3, figs 1, 2 (radula, penis).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B30636825900FFF8BAF15CC2EE084C7E" blockId="49.[151,1436,1144,1359]" box="[151,770,1272,1295]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis id="81CDEA905900FFF8BAF15CC2EF4E4C7E" box="[151,580,1272,1295]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<taxonomicName id="74B94D015900FFF8BAF15CC2EF234C7E" baseAuthorityName="van Regteren Altena" baseAuthorityYear="1945" box="[151,553,1272,1295]" class="Gastropoda" family="Littorinidae" genus="Nodilittorina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="sundaica" subGenus="Nodilittorina">Nodilittorina (Nodilittorina) sundaica</taxonomicName>
—
</emphasis>
Reid, 1989a: 100.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B30636825900FFF8BAF15D22E9274C5E" blockId="49.[151,1436,1144,1359]" box="[151,1069,1304,1327]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis id="81CDEA905900FFF8BAF15D22ECAA4C5E" box="[151,416,1304,1327]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<taxonomicName id="74B94D015900FFF8BAF15D22EC8C4C5E" baseAuthorityName="van Regteren Altena" baseAuthorityYear="1945" box="[151,390,1304,1327]" class="Gastropoda" family="Littorinidae" genus="Nodilittorina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="sundaica">Nodilittorina sundaica</taxonomicName>
—
</emphasis>
Reid, 2001a: 442, figs 2F, 3G (penis). Reid, 2002a: 259–281.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B30636825900FFF8BAF15D02E9594C3E" blockId="49.[151,1436,1144,1359]" box="[151,1107,1336,1359]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis id="81CDEA905900FFF8BAF15D02ECB24C3E" box="[151,440,1336,1359]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<taxonomicName id="74B94D015900FFF8BAF15D02EC974C3E" baseAuthorityName="van Regteren Altena" baseAuthorityYear="1945" box="[151,413,1336,1359]" class="Gastropoda" family="Littorinidae" genus="Echinolittorina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="sundaica">Echinolittorina sundaica</taxonomicName>
—
</emphasis>
Williams
<emphasis id="81CDEA905900FFF8B8465D02EF444C3E" box="[544,590,1336,1359]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">et al</emphasis>
., 2003: 83. Williams &amp; Reid, 2004: 2227–2251.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B30636825900FFF8BAF15D45EFEE4CB3" blockId="49.[151,1437,1407,2034]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis id="81CDEA905900FFF8BAF15D45EC814CE8" bold="true" box="[151,395,1407,1433]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Taxonomic history:</emphasis>
This species is entirely distinctive, but was only named in 1945, probably as a consequence of its small size and restricted distribution.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="FBA365095900FFF8BAA05DF5EC944F4B" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="B30636825900FFF8BAA05DF5EC944F4B" blockId="49.[151,1437,1407,2034]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis id="81CDEA905900FFF8BAA05DF5EC424C98" bold="true" box="[198,328,1487,1513]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="03D13CDF5900FFF8BB295DEAEC904F4B" accessionNumber="AJ623047, AJ623048" location="Sumatra and Java, Bali" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sumatra and Java, Bali">
Shell small, tall; smooth or with fine incised spiral lines; black to brown, paler or marked with white at suture, pale band on base. Indian Ocean coast of southern
<collectingRegion id="717DF8605900FFF8B9A45DC2E9D14F63" box="[962,1243,1528,1554]" isEnumeration="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Sumatra and Java, Bali</collectingRegion>
. COI: GenBank
<accessionNumber id="ACEAAB615900FFF8BAF15E1AEC184F4B" box="[151,274,1568,1594]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/AJ623047" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">AJ623047</accessionNumber>
,
<accessionNumber id="ACEAAB615900FFF8BB785E1AEC904F4B" box="[286,410,1568,1594]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/AJ623048" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">AJ623048</accessionNumber>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="FBA365095900FFF8BAA05E7DE8964E83" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="B30636825900FFF8BAA05E7DE8204F13" blockId="49.[151,1437,1407,2034]" box="[198,1322,1607,1634]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis id="81CDEA905900FFF8BAA05E7DECB64F10" bold="true" box="[198,444,1607,1633]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Material examined:</emphasis>
21 lots (including 5 penes, 2 sperm samples; 5 pallial oviducts, 4 radulae).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B30636825900FFF8BAA05E55EFDB4EBB" blockId="49.[151,1437,1407,2034]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis id="81CDEA905900FFF8BAA05E55EC8C4FF8" bold="true" box="[198,390,1647,1673]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Shell (Fig. 24):</emphasis>
Mature shell height
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. Shape tall (H/B = 1.57–1.89, SH = 1.78–2.52); spire whorls only slightly rounded, suture distinct; spire profile straight; periphery of last whorl slightly angled. Columella short, straight, flattened at base, sometimes slightly pinched; no eroded parietal area. Sculpture of last whorl: smooth but for incised spiral lines, 7–11 above periphery, 7–8 below; periphery marked by wider space between spiral lines, not raised as a rib; sculpture often obsolete towards suture, or entirely absent; surface glossy, no microstriae. Protoconch
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diameter, 2.5–2.7 whorls. Colour: dark brown to black, paler at suture, pale band or line on base; sometimes a few irregular white marks at suture, periphery or on base (Fig. 24A), rarely faint grey marbling over surface, but not forming a regular tessellation; aperture dark brown, pale band at base; columella dark brown.
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="81CDEA905900FFF8BAA05FEDEC954E80" bold="true" box="[198,415,2007,2033]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Animal (Fig. 25):</emphasis>
Head (Fig. 25A, B) black, usually a narrow unpigmented stripe across snout, tentacle
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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176
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<mods:namePart>Kriebel, Ricardo</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 430 Lincoln Drive Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="182226954" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3B10D584BD9959698F209B25AAE8D396" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3B10D584BD9959698F209B25AAE8D396" lastPageId="129" lastPageNumber="129" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">
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<taxonomicName LSID="3B10D584-BD99-5969-8F20-9B25AAE8D396" authority="(Markgraf) C. E. Schnell ex Kriebel" authorityName="C. E. Schnell ex Kriebel" authorityYear="2016" baseAuthorityName="C. E. Schnell ex Kriebel" baseAuthorityYear="2016" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Conostegia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Conostegia lancifolia" order="Myrtales" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lancifolia" status="comb. et stat. nov.">Conostegia lancifolia (Markgraf) C.E. Schnell ex Kriebel</taxonomicName>
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<paragraph pageId="127" pageNumber="128">
<taxonomicName authorityName="C. E. Schnell ex Kriebel" authorityYear="2016" baseAuthorityName="C. E. Schnell ex Kriebel" baseAuthorityYear="2016" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Conostegia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Conostegia lancifolia" order="Myrtales" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lancifolia" status="comb. et stat. nov.">Conostegia lancifolia</taxonomicName>
(Markgraf) C.E. Schnell ex Kriebel. Basionym:
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kriebel" authorityYear="2016" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Conostegia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Conostegia centronioides subsp. var. var. lancifolia" order="Myrtales" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="centronioides" status="comb. et stat. nov." subSpecies="var." variety="lancifolia">Conostegia centronioides var. lancifolia</taxonomicName>
Markgraf, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 15: 377. 1941. Type: Ecuador. Mera: 1000 m, 8 November 1938, H. Schultze-Rhonhof 2966 (B, destroyed). Neotype designated here: Ecuador. Pastaza: between Mera and Moravia, 1000 m, 16 December 1955, E. Asplund 18868 (holoneotype: NY!).
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection pageId="127" pageNumber="128" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="127" pageNumber="128">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="127" pageNumber="128">
Shrubs or small trees 1-5 m tall with tetragonal to rounded stems which are covered predominantly by stipitate stellate trichomes; nodal line present, somtimes obscured by indument. Leaves at a node equal to unequal in size. Petiole 0.4-1.8 cm. Leaf blades 5-17
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
2-6 cm, 3-5 slightly plinerved, elliptic to lanceolate, rounded to subacute at the base, the apex and acuminate, margins entire to undulate-denticulate, glabrous adaxially, pubescent mainly on the primary veins abaxially with indument like that of the stems. Inflorescence a terminal panicle 4-9 cm long branched above the base but sometimes appearing branched at the base because of multiple inflorescences arising at opposing meristems at the terminal node, accessory branches absent or present. Bracts and bracteoles 1.5-3 mm long, linear. Pedicels 1-3 mm long. Flowers 7-9 merous, calyptrate. Floral buds 6-9.5
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
3-6.5 mm, ovoid to obovoid, slightly constricted below the calyptra, the hypanthium and calyptra undifferentiated; hypanthium 3-3.5
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
3.75-4.25 mm, pubescent with sessile and/or stipitate stellate trichomes. Petals 8-10
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
5-6 mm, white, obtriangular, posture not seen, glabrous on both surfaces, emarginate apically. Stamens 30-42, 7-8 mm long, the filament 4-4.5 mm, apparently white, anthers 3-3.5
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
0.5-0.75 mm, linear subulate, pale yellow (in rehydrated specimen), the pore ca. 0.18 mm, terminal to slightly ventrally inclined. Ovary 11-12-locular, inferior, glabrous and forming a collar around the style base; style ca. 7.5-8 mm, gently bending from the base, glabrous, the style appears to be exserted but difficult to assess in the rehydrated material as well as if it is bent opposite the stamens or not, stigma capitate, ca. 2 mm wide. Mature berry not seen.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="128" pageNumber="129" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="128" pageNumber="129">
<pageBreakToken pageId="128" pageNumber="129" start="start">Distribution</pageBreakToken>
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="128" pageNumber="129">
(Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 122" captionStartId="F122" captionText="Figure 122. Distribution of Conostegia lancifolia." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.67.6703.figure122" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/96480" pageId="128" pageNumber="129">122</figureCitation>
). Southeastern foothills of the Andes in Ecuador at 800-1200 m in elevation.
</paragraph>
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="973889" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.67.6703.figure122" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/96480" pageId="128" pageNumber="129" start="Figure 122" startId="F122">
<paragraph pageId="128" pageNumber="129">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="128" pageNumber="129">Figure 122.</emphasis>
Distribution of
<taxonomicName authorityName="C. E. Schnell ex Kriebel" authorityYear="2016" baseAuthorityName="C. E. Schnell ex Kriebel" baseAuthorityYear="2016" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Conostegia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Conostegia lancifolia" order="Myrtales" pageId="128" pageNumber="129" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lancifolia">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="128" pageNumber="129">Conostegia lancifolia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="128" pageNumber="129">
<bibRefCitation author="Schnell, CE" journalOrPublisher="Harvard University" pageId="243" pageNumber="244" refId="B77" refString="Schnell, CE, 1996. The Genus Conostegia (Melastomataceae). Harvard University" title="The Genus Conostegia (Melastomataceae)" year="1996">Schnell (1996)</bibRefCitation>
noted that as like for
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Conostegia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Conostegia centronoides" order="Myrtales" pageId="128" pageNumber="129" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="centronoides">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="128" pageNumber="129">Conostegia centronoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the holotype of
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Conostegia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Conostegia centronoides subsp. var. var. lancifolia" order="Myrtales" pageId="128" pageNumber="129" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="centronoides" subSpecies="var." variety="lancifolia">Conostegia centronoides var. lancifolia</taxonomicName>
was lost during the war in Berlin. I concur with
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in that the description of the latter including stipitate stellate hairs and narrowly ovate leaves matches topotypical material which Schnell cited as the neotype (
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="128" pageNumber="129">E. Asplund 18868</emphasis>
). For this reason and because the work of
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wasa not published, the neotypification is made here.
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included in his circumscription of
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="128" pageNumber="129">Conostegia lancifolia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the decurrent leaved and large leaf blade plants here referred to as
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kriebel" authorityYear="2016" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Conostegia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Conostegia ortizae" order="Myrtales" pageId="128" pageNumber="129" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ortizae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="128" pageNumber="129">Conostegia ortizae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Schnell pointed out that if intermediates between the two morphotypes did not arise they might as well be called subspecies or species. Considering they are easy to distinguish they are here proposed as different species.
</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="128" pageNumber="129">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="129" lastPageNumber="130" pageId="128" pageNumber="129">
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2016-01-01" collectingDateMax="2016-12-31" collectingDateMin="2016-01-01" country="ECUADOR" county="Lugo" location="Lugo" municipality="Rio Palora" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Morona-Santiago">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="128" pageNumber="129">
<collectingCountry name="Ecuador">ECUADOR</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingRegion country="Ecuador" name="Morona-Santiago">Morona-Santiago</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
:
<locationDeviation location="Arapicos">
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="2.0" unit="km" value="3.0" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="2.0">2-4 km</quantity>
N of Arapicos
</locationDeviation>
,
<collectingCounty>Lugo</collectingCounty>
5957 (NY); along
<collectingMunicipality>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
Palora
</collectingMunicipality>
<locationDeviation location="Arapicos">
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="2.0" unit="km" value="3.5" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="2.0">2-5 km</quantity>
downstream from Arapicos
</locationDeviation>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3B10D584BD9959698F209B25AAE8D396:E9DA0E88470B08E0AFAD290491D2F880" country="ECUADOR" county="Lugo" municipality="Rio Palora" name="Lugo" stateProvince="Morona-Santiago">Lugo</location>
5990, 6047
<pageBreakToken pageId="129" pageNumber="130" start="start">(</pageBreakToken>
NY)
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2016-01-01" collectingDateMax="2016-12-31" collectingDateMin="2016-01-01" country="Ecuador" county="Mera" location="Mera" municipality="Mera" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Napo-Pastaza">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="129" pageNumber="130">
<collectingRegion country="Ecuador" name="Napo-Pastaza">Napo-Pastaza</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
:
<collectingCounty>Mera</collectingCounty>
, Asplund 19348 (NY);
<locationDeviation firstLocation="Mera" secondLocation="Moravia, Asplund">between Mera and Moravia, Asplund</locationDeviation>
18868 (NY);
<collectingMunicipality>Mera</collectingMunicipality>
, Harling 3697, 3701 (NY);
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3B10D584BD9959698F209B25AAE8D396:33AA0FBE3A223D826F5CA188EF507BEF" country="Ecuador" county="Mera" municipality="Mera" name="Mera" stateProvince="Napo-Pastaza">Mera</location>
, Isidro Ayora, Harling 19723 (NY);
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3B10D584BD9959698F209B25AAE8D396:194E0BE468A33D3C7E586060E64DFD09" country="Ecuador" county="Mera" municipality="Mera" name="Rio Tigre" stateProvince="Napo-Pastaza">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
Tigre
</location>
, in the vicinity of
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3B10D584BD9959698F209B25AAE8D396:AF73D877CBCD7994EEF082904D30EC80" country="Ecuador" county="Mera" municipality="Mera" name="Mera" stateProvince="Napo-Pastaza">Mera</location>
, Lugo 853 (NY); Puyo, Prescott 384 (NY)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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267
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<taxonomicName LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:94EB4ADD-CCC8-46CB-98AF-F2EC4D47BDDC" authority="Perez-de la Fuente, Penalver, Delclos &amp; Engel" class="Insecta" family="Baissopteridae" genus="Baissoptera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Baissoptera cretaceoelectra" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cretaceoelectra">
Baissoptera? cretaceoelectra
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pérez-de">Perez-de</normalizedToken>
la Fuente,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Peñalver">Penalver</normalizedToken>
,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Delclòs">Delclos</normalizedToken>
&amp; Engel
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="5" pageNumber="6">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Figs 2, 3
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="holotype">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Holotype.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
MCNA 12068.4, from
<normalizedToken originalValue="Peñacerrada">Penacerrada</normalizedToken>
I amber; fore- and hind wing distal fragments. Three associated hymenopterans are preserved as syninclusions.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fore- and hind wing with a relatively long pterostigma with a strongly oblique and slightly sinusoid pterostigmal crossvein placed beyond pterostigmal midlength; fore- and hind wing with one closed radial cell distal to pterostigma; forewing Rs with six branches; forewing with at least eight closed subradial cells.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
Sex unknown. Veins with some strong, very short setae preserved, membrane hyaline. Forewing.Length of preserved fragment 6.4,maximum width 2.8;wing apex relatively rounded; pterostigma relatively long (2.4 long, length ca. eight
<pageBreakToken pageId="6" pageNumber="7" start="start">times</pageBreakToken>
basal pterostigmal width), slightly widening distally, not conspicuously infumate as preserved; pterostigma with a strongly oblique and slightly sinusoid pterostigmal crossvein placed beyond pterostigmal midlength, basally closed by a crossvein; pterostigma longer than any radial cell; R with two branches beyond pterostigma;at least three radial cells present, one closed radial cell partly distal to pterostigma; Rs with six branches and at least eight closed subradial cells;MA at least with two branches; gradate seriesveryregular, almost following a staircase-like pattern. Hind wing.Length of preserved fragment 5.9,maximum width as preserved 2.7;wing apex more pointed than in forewing;costal field distinctly narrower than in forewing; one c-sc crossvein preserved;pterostigma relatively long (2.5 long, length ca. 10 times basal pterostigmal width), slightly widening distally, not conspicuously infumate as preserved, starting 0.5 (twice pterostigmal basal width) beyond termination of Sc; pterostigma with a strongly oblique and slightly sinusoid pterostigmal crossvein placed beyond pterostigmal midlength, basally closed by a crossvein;pterostigma longer than any radial cell;R with two branches beyond pterostigma;at least five radial cells present, one small closed radial cell distal to pterostigma;Rs with five branches and at least seven closed subradial cells; MA at least with two branches; gradate seriesveryregular, almost following a staircase-like pattern.
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
Figure 2.
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Baissopteridae" genus="Baissoptera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Baissoptera cretaceoelectra" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cretaceoelectra">Baissoptera? cretaceoelectra</taxonomicName>
sp. n., holotype MCNA 12068.4. A forewing B hind wing. Scale bars = 1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
Figure 3. Drawings of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Baissopteridae" genus="Baissoptera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Baissoptera cretaceoelectra" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cretaceoelectra">Baissoptera? cretaceoelectra</taxonomicName>
sp. n., holotype MCNA 12068.4. A, forewing B hind wing. Scale bar = 1 mm (both wings at the same scale).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
The specific epithet is a combination of the Greek words cretaceus (taken from the period name, although specifically meaning
<normalizedToken originalValue="“chalky”">&quot;chalky&quot;</normalizedToken>
) and elektron, meaning
<normalizedToken originalValue="“amber”">&quot;amber&quot;</normalizedToken>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="comments">
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Comments.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
Within the current taxonomic framework, the numerous crossveins of MCNA 12068.4 are indicative of placement in the
<taxonomicName family="Baissopteridae" lsidName="" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="family">Baissopteridae</taxonomicName>
. Unfortunately, neither base of the wing is preserved, thus important characters such as the maximum width of the costal field, the pattern of distribution of c-sc crossveins (= costal crossveins), the separation between M and CuA in the forewing, and the shape of the basal piece of MA, are unknown. Also, the infumation of the pterostigma is not evident in the holotype, but it is uncertain if this could have been caused by taphonomical processes and is, therefore, not used as a diagnostic character although if the absence of infumation is true of the species in life, then it would represent a remarkable difference from all other described baissopterids. Fortunately, the pterostigma can be delimited thanks to the relative parallelness of C and R (R tends to conspicuously change its slope beyond the pterostigma in the other baissopterids) and also the greater thickness of both veins.
</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
The specimen is tentatively classified within the genus
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Baissopteridae" genus="Baissoptera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Baissoptera" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Baissoptera</taxonomicName>
as it has the pterostigmal crossvein most similar to the diversity found within this genus. Today just two of the 12 species currently classified within the genus
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Baissopteridae" genus="Baissoptera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Baissoptera" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Baissoptera</taxonomicName>
, i.e.,
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Baissopteridae" genus="Baissoptera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Baissoptera brasiliensis" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">Baissoptera brasiliensis</taxonomicName>
Oswald, 1990 and
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Baissopteridae" genus="Baissoptera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Baissoptera lisae" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lisae">Baissoptera lisae</taxonomicName>
Jepson, Ansorge &amp; Jarzembowski, 2011, lack a pterostigmal crossvein in both fore- and hind wings (
<bibRefCitation author="Oswald, JD" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="154 - 163" title="Raphidioptera." volume="195" year="1990">Oswald 1990</bibRefCitation>
: p. 156, figs 3, 4;
<bibRefCitation author="Jepson, JE" journalOrPublisher="Palaeontology" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="385 - 395" title="New snakeflies (Insecta: Raphidioptera) from the Lower Cretaceous of the UK, Spain and Brazil." url="10.1111/j.1475-4983.2011.01038.x" volume="54" year="2011">Jepson et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
: p. 393, text-figs 6A, B). Some genera can even show an additional, straight pterostigmal crossvein in a more basal position at least in the hind wing, i.e.,
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Baissopteridae" genus="Baissoptera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Baissoptera kolosnitsynae" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kolosnitsynae">Baissoptera kolosnitsynae</taxonomicName>
Martynova, 1961 and
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Baissopteridae" genus="Baissoptera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Baissoptera pulchra" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pulchra">Baissoptera pulchra</taxonomicName>
(Martins-Neto and Nel, 1992) (
<bibRefCitation author="Martynova, OM" journalOrPublisher="Paleontologicheskiy Zhurnal" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="73 - 83" title="Recent and fossil snakeflies (Insecta, Raphidioptera)." volume="1961" year="1961">Martynova 1961</bibRefCitation>
: p. 81, fig. 7;
<bibRefCitation pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Martins-Neto and Nel 1992</bibRefCitation>
: p. 428, figs 2, 3). Regarding the other taxa currently classified within the
<taxonomicName family="Baissopteridae" lsidName="" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="family">Baissopteridae</taxonomicName>
, the genera
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Baissopteridae" genus="Lugala" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lugala" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Lugala</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Baissopteridae" genus="Cretoraphidia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cretoraphidia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cretoraphidia</taxonomicName>
lack a pterostigmal crossvein, at
<pageBreakToken pageId="7" pageNumber="8" start="start">least</pageBreakToken>
in the hind wing (
<bibRefCitation pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Ponomarenko 1988</bibRefCitation>
: p. 75, fig. 4; 1993: p. 70, figs 7, 9, 10); whereas the genera
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Baissopteridae" genus="Cretoraphidiopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cretoraphidiopsis" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cretoraphidiopsis</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Baissopteridae" genus="Austroraphidia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Austroraphidia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Austroraphidia</taxonomicName>
, althoughshowing a pterostigmal crossvein situated beyond pterostigmal midlength, have it not as strongly oblique as in
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Baissopteridae" genus="Baissoptera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Baissoptera cretaceoelectra" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cretaceoelectra">Baissoptera? cretaceoelectra</taxonomicName>
sp. n., both showing irregular gradate series in both wings and a much lesser number of Rs branches in the forewing (three in
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Baissopteridae" genus="Austroraphidia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Austroraphidia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Austroraphidia</taxonomicName>
, four in
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Baissopteridae" genus="Cretoraphidiopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cretoraphidiopsis" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cretoraphidiopsis</taxonomicName>
).
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mesoraphidiidae" genus="Cretinocellia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cretinocellia cellulosa" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cellulosa">Cretinocellia cellulosa</taxonomicName>
Ponomarenko, 1988 has been recently transferred from the
<taxonomicName family="Baissopteridae" lsidName="" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="family">Baissopteridae</taxonomicName>
to the
<taxonomicName family="Mesoraphidiidae" lsidName="" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="family">Mesoraphidiidae</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation author="Bechly, G" journalOrPublisher="Insect Systematics and Evolution" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="221 - 236" title="A new fossil genus and species of snakefly (Raphidioptera: Mesoraphidiidae) from Lower Cretaceous Lebanese amber, with a discussion of snakefly phylogeny and fossil history." url="10.1163/187631211X568164" volume="42" year="2011">Bechly and Wolf-Schwenninger (2011)</bibRefCitation>
based on its lack of pterostigmal crossvein(s) and a Sc ending about midwing length. Although these two characters are also present in
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Baissopteridae" genus="Cretoraphidia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cretoraphidia certa" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="certa">Cretoraphidia certa</taxonomicName>
Ponomarenko, 1993 and
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Baissopteridae" genus="Cretoraphidia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cretoraphidia magna" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="magna">Cretoraphidia magna</taxonomicName>
Ponomarenko, 1993 (
<bibRefCitation author="Ponomarenko, AG" journalOrPublisher="Trudy Paleontologicheskogo Instituta Akademii Nauk SSSR" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="60 - 80" title="Lower Cretaceous snakeflies from Transbaikalia." volume="252" year="1993">Ponomarenko 1993</bibRefCitation>
: p. 70, figs 7, 10), in both, the crossvenation is relatively higher than in
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Baissopteridae" genus="Cretoraphidia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cretoraphidia cellulosa" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cellulosa">Cretoraphidia cellulosa</taxonomicName>
and should therefore remain in
<taxonomicName family="Baissopteridae" lsidName="" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="family">Baissopteridae</taxonomicName>
for the moment. Consequently,
<bibRefCitation author="Bechly, G" journalOrPublisher="Insect Systematics and Evolution" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="221 - 236" title="A new fossil genus and species of snakefly (Raphidioptera: Mesoraphidiidae) from Lower Cretaceous Lebanese amber, with a discussion of snakefly phylogeny and fossil history." url="10.1163/187631211X568164" volume="42" year="2011">Bechly and Wolf-Schwenninger (2011)</bibRefCitation>
also noted that the genus
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mesoraphidiidae" genus="Cretinocellia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cretinocellia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cretinocellia</taxonomicName>
might occupy a basalmost position within
<taxonomicName family="Mesoraphidiidae" lsidName="" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="family">Mesoraphidiidae</taxonomicName>
according to its relatively high crossvenation compared to the other mesoraphidiids. On the other
<pageBreakToken pageId="8" pageNumber="9" start="start">hand</pageBreakToken>
, we still consider
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Baissopteridae" genus="Arariperaphidia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Arariperaphidia rochai" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rochai">Arariperaphidia rochai</taxonomicName>
Martins-Neto and Vulcano, 1989 as incertae sedis rather than as a baissopterid (contra
<bibRefCitation author="Bechly, G" journalOrPublisher="Insect Systematics and Evolution" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="221 - 236" title="A new fossil genus and species of snakefly (Raphidioptera: Mesoraphidiidae) from Lower Cretaceous Lebanese amber, with a discussion of snakefly phylogeny and fossil history." url="10.1163/187631211X568164" volume="42" year="2011">Bechly and Wolf-Schwenninger 2011</bibRefCitation>
), owing to its lack of preserved characters indicating a more conclusive assignment. The shape and location of the pterostigmal crossvein is quite diagnostic for
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Baissopteridae" genus="Baissoptera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Baissoptera cretaceoelectra" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cretaceoelectra">Baissoptera? cretaceoelectra</taxonomicName>
. Only
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Baissopteridae" genus="Baissoptera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Baissoptera minima" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minima">Baissoptera minima</taxonomicName>
Ponomarenko, 1993 shows such a strongly oblique pterostigmal crossvein within the family, even slightly sinusoid as in the new species, in a relatively elongate pterostigma (length ca. eight times basal pterostigmal width) (
<bibRefCitation author="Ponomarenko, AG" journalOrPublisher="Trudy Paleontologicheskogo Instituta Akademii Nauk SSSR" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="60 - 80" title="Lower Cretaceous snakeflies from Transbaikalia." volume="252" year="1993">Ponomarenko 1993</bibRefCitation>
: p. 64, fig. 2). However, the pterostigmal crossvein is located before pterostigmal midlength and Rs is poorly branched in
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Baissopteridae" genus="Baissoptera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Baissoptera minima" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minima">Baissoptera minima</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Baissopteridae" genus="Baissoptera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Baissoptera cretaceoelectra" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cretaceoelectra">Baissoptera? cretaceoelectra</taxonomicName>
has Rs in the forewing with more branches currently described within the genus. The remaining
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Baissopteridae" genus="Baissoptera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Baissoptera" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Baissoptera</taxonomicName>
species always show a lesser number of branches of Rs in the forewing, i.e., five (
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Baissopteridae" genus="Baissoptera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Baissoptera brasiliensis" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">Baissoptera brasiliensis</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Baissopteridae" genus="Baissoptera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Baissoptera grandis" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grandis">Baissoptera grandis</taxonomicName>
Ren in Ren et al. 1995,
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Baissopteridae" genus="Baissoptera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Baissoptera liaoningensis" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="liaoningensis">Baissoptera liaoningensis</taxonomicName>
Ren, 1994,
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Baissopteridae" genus="Baissoptera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Baissoptera lisae" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lisae">Baissoptera lisae</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Baissopteridae" genus="Baissoptera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Baissoptera sibirica" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sibirica">Baissoptera sibirica</taxonomicName>
Ponomarenko, 1993), four (
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Baissopteridae" genus="Baissoptera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Baissoptera elongata" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elongata">Baissoptera elongata</taxonomicName>
Ponomarenko, 1993,
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Baissopteridae" genus="Baissoptera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Baissoptera euneura" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="euneura">Baissoptera euneura</taxonomicName>
Ren, 1997,
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Baissopteridae" genus="Baissoptera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Baissoptera kolosnitsynae" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kolosnitsynae">Baissoptera kolosnitsynae</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Baissopteridae" genus="Baissoptera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Baissoptera martinsoni" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="martinsoni">Baissoptera martinsoni</taxonomicName>
Martynova, 1961), or three Rs branches (
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Baissopteridae" genus="Baissoptera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Baissoptera pulchra" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pulchra">Baissoptera pulchra</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Baissopteridae" genus="Baissoptera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Baissoptera minima" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minima">Baissoptera minima</taxonomicName>
) (
<bibRefCitation author="Martynova, OM" journalOrPublisher="Paleontologicheskiy Zhurnal" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="73 - 83" title="Recent and fossil snakeflies (Insecta, Raphidioptera)." volume="1961" year="1961">Martynova 1961</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Oswald, JD" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="154 - 163" title="Raphidioptera." volume="195" year="1990">Oswald 1990</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Martins-Neto and Nel 1992</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Ponomarenko, AG" journalOrPublisher="Trudy Paleontologicheskogo Instituta Akademii Nauk SSSR" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="60 - 80" title="Lower Cretaceous snakeflies from Transbaikalia." volume="252" year="1993">Ponomarenko 1993</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Ren, D" journalOrPublisher="Professional Papers of Stratigraphy and Paleontology" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="131 - 140" title="A new discovery of snake-flies (Insecta) from late Jurassic of Beipiao, Liaoning." volume="25" year="1994">Ren 1994</bibRefCitation>
, 1997;
<bibRefCitation author="Ren, D" journalOrPublisher="Beijing, SeismicPublishing House" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" title="Faunae and stratigraphy of Jurassic-Cretaceous in Beijing and the adjacent areas." year="1995">Ren et al. 1995</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Jepson, JE" journalOrPublisher="Palaeontology" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="385 - 395" title="New snakeflies (Insecta: Raphidioptera) from the Lower Cretaceous of the UK, Spain and Brazil." url="10.1111/j.1475-4983.2011.01038.x" volume="54" year="2011">Jepson et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
). Although
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Baissopteridae" genus="Baissoptera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Baissoptera cellulosa" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cellulosa">Baissoptera cellulosa</taxonomicName>
Ponomarenko, 1993 (based on a forewing lacking the apex) could also possess six branches of Rs and does have a sinuate pterostigmal crossvein presumably beyond pterostigmal midlength (
<bibRefCitation author="Ponomarenko, AG" journalOrPublisher="Trudy Paleontologicheskogo Instituta Akademii Nauk SSSR" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="60 - 80" title="Lower Cretaceous snakeflies from Transbaikalia." volume="252" year="1993">Ponomarenko 1993</bibRefCitation>
: p. 65, fig. 3), it differs from
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Baissopteridae" genus="Baissoptera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Baissoptera cretaceoelectra" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cretaceoelectra">Baissoptera? cretaceoelectra</taxonomicName>
in that the pterostigmal crossvein is just slightly oblique and the more abundant crossvenation. The only other described baissopterid with such an elevated number of branches of Rs is
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Baissopteridae" genus="Cretoraphidia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cretoraphidia certa" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="certa">Cretoraphidia certa</taxonomicName>
, but it lacks a pterostigmal crossvein as has been discussed, and in addition Sc ends in a more basal position. Furthermore, the pterostigmal length of the new species is elongate when compared to the other lengths shown by the other species within the genus
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Baissopteridae" genus="Baissoptera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Baissoptera" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Baissoptera</taxonomicName>
. Only
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Baissopteridae" genus="Baissoptera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Baissoptera grandis" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grandis">Baissoptera grandis</taxonomicName>
has a longer pterostigma, its length about 11 times its basal pterostigmal width (
<bibRefCitation author="Ren, D" journalOrPublisher="Beijing, SeismicPublishing House" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" title="Faunae and stratigraphy of Jurassic-Cretaceous in Beijing and the adjacent areas." year="1995">Ren et al. 1995</bibRefCitation>
: p. 175, fig. 2). The shortest pterostigmata within the genus are found in
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Baissopteridae" genus="Baissoptera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Baissoptera martinsoni" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="martinsoni">Baissoptera martinsoni</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Baissopteridae" genus="Baissoptera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Baissoptera elongata" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elongata">Baissoptera elongata</taxonomicName>
, their lengths ca. four and six times their basal pterostigmal widths, respectively (
<bibRefCitation author="Martynova, OM" journalOrPublisher="Paleontologicheskiy Zhurnal" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="73 - 83" title="Recent and fossil snakeflies (Insecta, Raphidioptera)." volume="1961" year="1961">Martynova 1961</bibRefCitation>
: p. 80, fig. 6;
<bibRefCitation author="Ponomarenko, AG" journalOrPublisher="Trudy Paleontologicheskogo Instituta Akademii Nauk SSSR" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="60 - 80" title="Lower Cretaceous snakeflies from Transbaikalia." volume="252" year="1993">Ponomarenko 1993</bibRefCitation>
: p. 67, fig. 5). Naturally, our placement of this species in
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Baissopteridae" genus="Baissoptera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Baissoptera" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Baissoptera</taxonomicName>
is a conservative position based on the lack of complete material. More completely-preserved specimens, in which the wing base characters noted above could be assessed, may force a reconsideration of the generic assignment.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>