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<document id="01FEB379C11D45839BA4E2C0331BFF8B" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.88.807" ID-GBIF-Dataset="1858994c-378e-4e6e-bec9-ee565e3b3be1" ID-PMC="PMC3088472" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-88-1" ID-PubMed="21594053" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2011" ModsDocID="1313-2970-88-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 88" ModsDocTitle="Family-group names in Coleoptera (Insecta)" checkinTime="1451250740194" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Bouchard, Patrice, Bousquet, Yves, Davies, Anthony E., Alonso-Zarazaga, Miguel A., Lawrence, John F., Lyal, Chris H. C., Newton, Alfred F., Reid, Chris A. M., Schmitt, Michael, Ślipinski, S. Adam &amp; Smith, Andrew B. T." docDate="2011" docId="3B033A2C08136C093361740A1A6F232D" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 88: 1-972" docOrigin="ZooKeys 88" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.88.807" docTitle="Diphucephalini Laporte 1840" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="127" masterDocId="FFC1FFDA4E1CE6158E11FFCD0115FF8E" masterDocTitle="Family-group names in Coleoptera (Insecta)" masterLastPageNumber="972" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="127" updateTime="1668167923872" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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Tribe
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Laporte, 1840b: 145 [stem: Diphucephal-]. Type genus:
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Dejean, 1821. Comment: original vernacular name available (Art. 11.7.2): first used in latinized form by Agassiz (1846b: 125, as
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[incorrect stem formation]), generally accepted as in A. B. T. Smith (2006: 165, as
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).
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<taxonomicName LSID="3B035A91-356C-56D2-93AB-05E0A55E53CD" authority="(Smith, 1886)" baseAuthorityName="Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1886" class="Gastropoda" family="Viviparidae" genus="Heterogen" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heterogen longispira" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="52233" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="longispira">Heterogen longispira (Smith, 1886)</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="I.Lea" authorityYear="1856" class="Gastropoda" family="Viviparidae" genus="Paludina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paludina ingallsiana" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="52233" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="ingallsiana">Paludina ingallsiana</taxonomicName>
-
<bibRefCitation author="Kobelt, W." journalOrPublisher="Christian Winter, Frankfurt a. M." pageId="0" pageNumber="52233" refId="B5554371" refString="Kobelt, W., 1879. Fauna molluscorum extramarinorum Japoniae, nach den von Professor Rein gemachten Sammlungen. Christian Winter, Frankfurt a. M." title="Fauna molluscorum extramarinorum Japoniae, nach den von Professor Rein gemachten Sammlungen." year="1879">Kobelt 1879</bibRefCitation>
: 124, pl. 10, figs. 15-18, pl. 11, fig. 2 [part; pl. 10, figs. 15-16 and 18 seemingly have the intermediate morphology between
<taxonomicName higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="H. japonica" pageId="0" pageNumber="52233" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="japonica">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="52233">H. japonica</emphasis>
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and
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, see discussion];
<bibRefCitation author="Tanba, K." journalOrPublisher="Shimamura Toshisuke, Maruya-zenshiti, and Tyu-kin-do, Tokyo" pageId="0" pageNumber="52233" refId="B5557961" refString="Tanba, K., Shibata, S., Takamatsu, K., 1883. General Zoology. Shimamura Toshisuke, Maruya-zenshiti, and Tyu-kin-do, Tokyo" title="General Zoology" year="1883">Tanba et al. 1883</bibRefCitation>
: 368;
<bibRefCitation author="Iwakawa, T." journalOrPublisher="Zoological Magazine" pageId="0" pageNumber="52233" pagination="411 - 414" refId="B5554128" refString="Iwakawa, T., 1895. Freshwater mollusks in Japan (2). Zoological Magazine 7 (86): 411 - 414" title="Freshwater mollusks in Japan (2)" volume="7" year="1895">Iwakawa 1895</bibRefCitation>
: 412 [part];
<bibRefCitation author="Iwakawa, T." journalOrPublisher="Zoological Magazine" pageId="0" pageNumber="52233" pagination="5 - 10" refId="B5554138" refString="Iwakawa, T., 1897. Freshwater mollusks in Japan (2), with plate 2. Zoological Magazine 9 (99): 5 - 10" title="Freshwater mollusks in Japan (2), with plate 2" volume="9" year="1897">Iwakawa 1897a</bibRefCitation>
: 86 [part];
<bibRefCitation author="Iwakawa, T." journalOrPublisher="Annotationes Zoologicae Japonenses" pageId="0" pageNumber="52233" pagination="83 - 92" refId="B5554148" refString="Iwakawa, T., 1897. Notes on the Paludina -species of Japan. Annotationes Zoologicae Japonenses 1: 83 - 92" title="Notes on the Paludina - species of Japan" volume="1" year="1897">Iwakawa 1897b</bibRefCitation>
: 5 [part].
</paragraph>
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Viviparidae" genus="Paludina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paludina longispira" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="52233" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="longispira">Paludina longispira</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation author="Smith, E. A." journalOrPublisher="Journal of Conchology" pageId="0" pageNumber="52233" pagination="57 - 59" refId="B5554285" refString="Smith, E. A., 1886. Descriptions of three new species of freshwater shells from Japan. Journal of Conchology 5: 57 - 59" title="Descriptions of three new species of freshwater shells from Japan" volume="5" year="1886">Smith 1886</bibRefCitation>
: 57-58. Type locality: Lake Biwa. (original description).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="52233">
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Viviparidae" genus="Viviparus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Viviparus sclateri" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="52233" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="sclateri">Viviparus sclateri</taxonomicName>
-
<bibRefCitation author="Pilsbry, H. A." journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia" pageId="0" pageNumber="52233" pagination="115 - 121" refId="B5554315" refString="Pilsbry, H. A., 1902. Revision of Japanese Viviparidae, with notes on Melania and Bithynia. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 54 (1): 115 - 121" title="Revision of Japanese Viviparidae, with notes on Melania and Bithynia" volume="54" year="1902">Pilsbry 1902</bibRefCitation>
: 118, pl.9, fig. 4 [part; see discussion];
<bibRefCitation author="Hirase, Y." journalOrPublisher="Hirase-kaikan, Kyoto" pageId="0" pageNumber="52233" refId="B5554158" refString="Hirase, Y., 1909. Introduction book of Mollusks. Hirase-kaikan, Kyoto" title="Introduction book of Mollusks" year="1909">Hirase 1909</bibRefCitation>
: 45 [part?];
<bibRefCitation author="Hirase, Y." journalOrPublisher="Hirase-kaikan, Kyoto" pageId="0" pageNumber="52233" refId="B5554167" refString="Hirase, Y., 1910. One thousand kinds of shells existing in Japan. Hirase-kaikan, Kyoto" title="One thousand kinds of shells existing in Japan" year="1910">Hirase 1910</bibRefCitation>
: 15 [part?];
<bibRefCitation author="station, Lake Biwa fisheries experimental" journalOrPublisher="Lake Biwa fisheries experimental station, Fukuman [Hikone]" pageId="0" pageNumber="52233" refId="B5554219" refString="station, Lake Biwa fisheries experimental, 1915. Fisheries research report of Lake Biwa (2): Mollusks of Lake Biwa. Lake Biwa fisheries experimental station, Fukuman [Hikone]" title="Fisheries research report of Lake Biwa (2): Mollusks of Lake Biwa" year="1915">Lake Biwa fisheries experimental station 1915</bibRefCitation>
: 30, fig. 13;
<bibRefCitation author="Iwakawa, T." journalOrPublisher="Tokyo Imperial Museum, Tokyo" pageId="0" pageNumber="52233" refId="B5554247" refString="Iwakawa, T., 1919. Catalogue of Japanese Mollusca in the natural history department, Tokyo Imperial Museum. Tokyo Imperial Museum, Tokyo" title="Catalogue of Japanese Mollusca in the natural history department, Tokyo Imperial Museum" year="1919">Iwakawa 1919</bibRefCitation>
: 72 [part].
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="52233">
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Viviparidae" genus="Vivipara" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Vivipara sclateri" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="52233" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="sclateri">Vivipara sclateri</taxonomicName>
-
<bibRefCitation author="Kobelt, Wilhelm" journalOrPublisher="Sytematisches Conchylien-Cabinet" pageId="0" pageNumber="52233" refId="B5915871" refString="Kobelt, Wilhelm, 1909. . Sytematisches Conchylien-Cabinet Bd. 1 Abt. 21a" volume="Bd. 1 Abt. 21 a" year="1909">Kobelt 1909</bibRefCitation>
: 102, pl. 16, figs. 7, 9, pl. 17, figs. 1-5. [part; pl. 16, fig. 9 and pl. 17, figs. 3, 5 seemingly have the intermediate morphology between
<taxonomicName higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="H. japonica" pageId="0" pageNumber="52233" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="japonica">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="52233">H. japonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="H. longispira" pageId="0" pageNumber="52233" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="longispira">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="52233">H. longispira</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, see discussion];
<bibRefCitation author="Annandale, Nelson" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the Asiatic Society of Bengal" pageId="0" pageNumber="52233" pagination="39 - 74" refId="B5554228" refString="Annandale, Nelson, 1916. Zoological results of a tour in the Far East. The Mollusca of Lake Biwa, Japan. Memoirs of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 6 (1): 39 - 74" title="Zoological results of a tour in the Far East. The Mollusca of Lake Biwa, Japan." volume="6" year="1916">Annandale 1916</bibRefCitation>
: 46 [part];
<bibRefCitation author="Kawamura, T." journalOrPublisher="Japanese freshwater biology" pageId="0" pageNumber="52233" refId="B5554238" refString="Kawamura, T., 1918. . Japanese freshwater biology I" volume="I" year="1918">Kawamura 1918</bibRefCitation>
: 358, fig. 441 [part?].
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="52233">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Annandale" authorityYear="1921" class="Gastropoda" family="Viviparidae" genus="Heterogen" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heterogen turris" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="52233" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="turris">Heterogen turris</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation author="Annandale, N." journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the Asiatic Society of Bengal" pageId="0" pageNumber="52233" pagination="397 - 401" refId="B5554275" refString="Annandale, N., 1921. Zoological results of a tour in the Far East. The viviparous water-snail of Lake Biwa, Japan. Memoirs of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 6 (7): 397 - 401" title="Zoological results of a tour in the Far East. The viviparous water-snail of Lake Biwa, Japan" volume="6" year="1921">Annandale 1921</bibRefCitation>
: 400, figs. 1-2. Type locality: Lake Biwa. (original description).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="52233">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cox" authorityYear="1926" class="Gastropoda" family="Viviparidae" genus="Viviparus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Viviparus (Heterogen) turris" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="52233" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="turris" subGenus="Heterogen">Viviparus (Heterogen) turris</taxonomicName>
-
<bibRefCitation author="Hirase, S." journalOrPublisher="Hokuryu-kan, Tokyo" pageId="0" pageNumber="52233" refId="B5915289" refString="Hirase, S., 1927. An illustrated encyclopedia of the fauna of Japan. Hokuryu-kan, Tokyo" title="An illustrated encyclopedia of the fauna of Japan" year="1927">Hirase 1927</bibRefCitation>
: 1381, fig. 2655.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="52233">
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Viviparidae" genus="Viviparus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Viviparus (Heterogen) longispira" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="52233" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="longispira" subGenus="Heterogen">Viviparus (Heterogen) longispira</taxonomicName>
-
<bibRefCitation author="Prashad, B." journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the Indian Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="52233" pagination="153 - 253" refId="B5554601" refString="Prashad, B., 1928. Recent and fossil Viviparidae. A study in distribution, evolution, paleogeography. Memoirs of the Indian Museum 8 (4): 153 - 253" title="Recent and fossil Viviparidae. A study in distribution, evolution, paleogeography" volume="8" year="1928">Prashad 1928</bibRefCitation>
: 172, pl. 19, fig. 7.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="52233">
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1886" class="Gastropoda" family="Viviparidae" genus="Heterogen" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heterogen longispira" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="52233" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="longispira">Heterogen longispira</taxonomicName>
-
<bibRefCitation author="Kuroda, T." journalOrPublisher="Mokuhachi-tengu-sya, Kyoto" pageId="0" pageNumber="52233" refId="B5554325" refString="Kuroda, T., 1947. Classified list of freshwater shells from the Japanese Islands. Mokuhachi-tengu-sya, Kyoto" title="Classified list of freshwater shells from the Japanese Islands" year="1947">Kuroda 1947b</bibRefCitation>
: 3.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="52233">
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Viviparidae" genus="Viviparus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Viviparus (Heterogen) turis" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="52233" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="turis" subGenus="Heterogen">Viviparus (Heterogen) turis</taxonomicName>
-
<bibRefCitation author="Okada, Y." journalOrPublisher="Japan Publishing Cooperation, Tokyo" pageId="0" pageNumber="52233" refId="B5916334" refString="Okada, Y., Kurasawa, H., 1950. Studies of fishery animals (1). Japan Publishing Cooperation, Tokyo" title="Studies of fishery animals (1)" year="1950">Okada and Kurasawa 1950</bibRefCitation>
: 153, figs. 10-11, and 14, (in text), pl. 2, figs. 7-8, pl. 3, figs. 9-10, pl. 4, figs. a&quot;-g&quot;. [sic].
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="52233">
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Viviparidae" genus="Viviparus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Viviparus longispira" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="52233" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="longispira">Viviparus longispira</taxonomicName>
-
<bibRefCitation author="Hirase, S." journalOrPublisher="Bunkyo-kaku, Tokyo" pageId="0" pageNumber="52233" refId="B5576376" refString="Hirase, S., Taki, I. s., 1951. A handbook of illustrated shells in natural colors from Japanese Islands and their adjacent territories. Bunkyo-kaku, Tokyo" title="A handbook of illustrated shells in natural colors from Japanese Islands and their adjacent territories" year="1951">Hirase and Taki 1951</bibRefCitation>
: pl. 77, fig. 10.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="52233">
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Heude" baseAuthorityYear="1890" class="Gastropoda" family="Viviparidae" genus="Cipangopaludina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cipangopaludina (Heterogen) longispira" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="52233" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="longispira" subGenus="Heterogen">Cipangopaludina (Heterogen) longispira</taxonomicName>
-
<bibRefCitation author="Kuroda, T." journalOrPublisher="Hokuryu-kan, Tokyo" pageId="0" pageNumber="52233" refId="B5915819" refString="Kuroda, T., Habe, T., 1965. New illustrated encyclopedia of the fauna of Japan (vol. 2). Hokuryu-kan, Tokyo" title="New illustrated encyclopedia of the fauna of Japan (vol. 2)" year="1965">Kuroda and Habe 1965a</bibRefCitation>
: 48, fig. 151.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="52233" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="52233">Materials</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="52233">
<materialsCitation collectionCode="NSMT, Mo" country="Japan" location="Lake Biwa" pageId="0" pageNumber="52233" specimenCode="2964 L ex. NSMT-Mo 2964" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-adult="1" typeStatus="Other material">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="52233">Type status:</emphasis>
<typeStatus pageId="0" pageNumber="52233">Other material</typeStatus>
.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="52233">Occurrence:</emphasis>
occurrenceDetails: https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/2864965305; catalogNumber:
<specimenCode pageId="0" pageNumber="52233">2964L ex.NSMT-Mo 2964</specimenCode>
; recordNumber: 2964 in Iwakawa 1919; individualCount:
<specimenCount pageId="0" pageNumber="52233">1</specimenCount>
; lifeStage:
<specimenType pageId="0" pageNumber="52233">adult</specimenType>
; preparations: shell (dried); previousIdentifications: Viviparussclateri (Frauenfeld, 1865) in Tomotaro Iwakakawa. 1919. Catalogue of Japanese Mollusca in the Natural history department, Tokyo Imperial Museum, the tokyo Imperial Museum, Tokyo, Japan, p. 72.; occurrenceID: paper:SK2020:2964L;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="52233">Taxon:</emphasis>
scientificName: Heterogenlongispira (Smith, 1886); kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Mollusca; family: Viviparidae; vernacularName: Naga-tanishi (in Japanese name);
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="52233">Location:</emphasis>
country:
<collectingCountry pageId="0" pageNumber="52233">Japan</collectingCountry>
; stateProvince: Shiga; locality:
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3B035A91356C56D293AB05E0A55E53CD:EDEA8089406DC8008F72AB64E4950EF6" country="Japan" name="Lake Biwa" pageId="0" pageNumber="52233">Lake Biwa</location>
; verbatimLocality: Biwa-ko (in Japanese) [Lake Biwa];
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="52233">Identification:</emphasis>
identifiedBy:
<determinerName pageId="0" pageNumber="52233">Takumi Saito</determinerName>
; dateIdentified: 2020-02-03/04;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="52233">Event:</emphasis>
year: before 1919;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="52233">Record Level:</emphasis>
language: Japanese; bibliographicCitation: Tomotaro Iwakakawa. 1919. Catalogue of Japanese Mollusca in the Natural history department, Tokyo Imperial Museum, the tokyo Imperial Museum, Tokyo, Japan, p. 72.; institutionCode:
<collectionCode pageId="0" pageNumber="52233">NSMT</collectionCode>
; collectionCode:
<collectionCode pageId="0" pageNumber="52233">Mo</collectionCode>
; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation collectionCode="NSMT, Mo" country="Japan" location="Hikone, Hikone City" pageId="0" pageNumber="52233" specimenCode="2966 L ex. NSMT-Mo 2966" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-adult="1" typeStatus="Other material">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="52233">Type status:</emphasis>
<typeStatus pageId="0" pageNumber="52233">Other material</typeStatus>
.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="52233">Occurrence:</emphasis>
occurrenceDetails: https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/2864965303; catalogNumber:
<specimenCode pageId="0" pageNumber="52233">2966L ex.NSMT-Mo 2966</specimenCode>
; recordNumber: 2966 in Iwakawa 1919; individualCount:
<specimenCount pageId="0" pageNumber="52233">2</specimenCount>
; lifeStage:
<specimenCount type="adult">1adult</specimenCount>
1 young; preparations: shell (dried); previousIdentifications: Viviparussclateri (Frauenfeld, 1865) in Tomotaro Iwakakawa. 1919. Catalogue of Japanese Mollusca in the Natural history department, Tokyo Imperial Museum, the tokyo Imperial Museum, Tokyo, Japan, p. 72.; occurrenceID: paper:SK2020:2966L;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="52233">Taxon:</emphasis>
scientificName: Heterogenlongispira (Smith, 1886); kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Mollusca; family: Viviparidae; vernacularName: Naga-tanishi (in Japanese name);
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="52233">Location:</emphasis>
country:
<collectingCountry pageId="0" pageNumber="52233">Japan</collectingCountry>
; stateProvince: Shiga; locality:
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3B035A91356C56D293AB05E0A55E53CD:9270F0D7D4F3C500685D6372E73E0C34" country="Japan" name="Hikone, Hikone City" pageId="0" pageNumber="52233">Hikone, Hikone City</location>
; verbatimLocality: Hikone (in Japanese) [Hikone, Hikone City];
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="52233">Identification:</emphasis>
identifiedBy:
<determinerName pageId="0" pageNumber="52233">Takumi Saito</determinerName>
; dateIdentified: 2020-02-03/04;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="52233">Event:</emphasis>
year: before 1919;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="52233">Record Level:</emphasis>
language: Japanese; bibliographicCitation: Tomotaro Iwakakawa. 1919. Catalogue of Japanese Mollusca in the Natural history department, Tokyo Imperial Museum, the tokyo Imperial Museum, Tokyo, Japan, p. 72.; institutionCode:
<collectionCode pageId="0" pageNumber="52233">NSMT</collectionCode>
; collectionCode:
<collectionCode pageId="0" pageNumber="52233">Mo</collectionCode>
; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation collectionCode="NSMT, Mo" country="Japan" location="Zeze, Ohtsu City" pageId="0" pageNumber="52233" specimenCode="2969 L ex. NSMT-Mo 2969" specimenCount="6" specimenCount-adult="6" typeStatus="Other material">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="52233">Type status:</emphasis>
<typeStatus pageId="0" pageNumber="52233">Other material</typeStatus>
.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="52233">Occurrence:</emphasis>
occurrenceDetails: https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/2864965313; catalogNumber:
<specimenCode pageId="0" pageNumber="52233">2969L ex.NSMT-Mo 2969</specimenCode>
; recordNumber: 2969 in Iwakawa 1919; individualCount:
<specimenCount pageId="0" pageNumber="52233">6</specimenCount>
; lifeStage:
<specimenType pageId="0" pageNumber="52233">adults</specimenType>
; preparations: shell (dried); previousIdentifications: Viviparussclateri (Frauenfeld, 1865) in Tomotaro Iwakakawa. 1919. Catalogue of Japanese Mollusca in the Natural history department, Tokyo Imperial Museum, the tokyo Imperial Museum, Tokyo, Japan, p. 72.; occurrenceID: paper:SK2020:2969L;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="52233">Taxon:</emphasis>
scientificName: Heterogenlongispira (Smith, 1886); kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Mollusca; family: Viviparidae; vernacularName: Naga-tanishi (in Japanese name);
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="52233">Location:</emphasis>
country:
<collectingCountry pageId="0" pageNumber="52233">Japan</collectingCountry>
; stateProvince: Shiga; locality:
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3B035A91356C56D293AB05E0A55E53CD:6DAF2759C1E28F60F1A3F5E575421813" country="Japan" name="Zeze, Ohtsu City" pageId="0" pageNumber="52233">Zeze, Ohtsu City</location>
; verbatimLocality: Zeze (in Japanese) [Zeze, Ohtsu City];
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="52233">Identification:</emphasis>
identifiedBy:
<determinerName pageId="0" pageNumber="52233">Takumi Saito</determinerName>
; dateIdentified: 2020-02-03/04; identificationRemarks: Some specimens are presumed to be hybrid species between H.longispira and H.japonica (see taxon discussion section).;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="52233">Event:</emphasis>
year: before 1919;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="52233">Record Level:</emphasis>
language: Japanese; bibliographicCitation: Tomotaro Iwakakawa. 1919. Catalogue of Japanese Mollusca in the Natural history department, Tokyo Imperial Museum, the tokyo Imperial Museum, Tokyo, Japan, p. 72.; institutionCode:
<collectionCode pageId="0" pageNumber="52233">NSMT</collectionCode>
; collectionCode:
<collectionCode pageId="0" pageNumber="52233">Mo</collectionCode>
; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation collectionCode="NSMT, Mo" country="Japan" location="Seta River" pageId="0" pageNumber="52233" specimenCode="2970 L ex. NSMT-Mo 2970" specimenCount="15" specimenCount-adult="11" specimenCount-juvenile="4" typeStatus="Other material">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="52233">Type status:</emphasis>
<typeStatus pageId="0" pageNumber="52233">Other material</typeStatus>
.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="52233">Occurrence:</emphasis>
occurrenceDetails: https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/2864965314; catalogNumber:
<specimenCode pageId="0" pageNumber="52233">2970L ex.NSMT-Mo 2970</specimenCode>
; recordNumber: 2970 in Iwakawa 1919; individualCount:
<specimenCount pageId="0" pageNumber="52233">15</specimenCount>
; lifeStage:
<specimenCount type="adult">11 adults</specimenCount>
<specimenCount type="juvenile">4 juveniles</specimenCount>
; preparations: shell (dried); previousIdentifications: Viviparussclateri (Frauenfeld, 1865) in Tomotaro Iwakakawa. 1919. Catalogue of Japanese Mollusca in the Natural history department, Tokyo Imperial Museum, the tokyo Imperial Museum, Tokyo, Japan, p. 72.; occurrenceID: paper:SK2020:2970L;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="52233">Taxon:</emphasis>
scientificName: Heterogenlongispira (Smith, 1886); kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Mollusca; family: Viviparidae; vernacularName: Naga-tanishi (in Japanese name);
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="52233">Location:</emphasis>
country:
<collectingCountry pageId="0" pageNumber="52233">Japan</collectingCountry>
; stateProvince: Shiga; locality:
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3B035A91356C56D293AB05E0A55E53CD:6CB782D4FF44D05DEBF1354EE9648B53" country="Japan" name="Seta River" pageId="0" pageNumber="52233">Seta River</location>
; verbatimLocality: Seta-gawa (in Japanese) [the Seta River];
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="52233">Identification:</emphasis>
identifiedBy:
<determinerName pageId="0" pageNumber="52233">Takumi Saito</determinerName>
; dateIdentified: 2020-02-03/04; identificationRemarks: Some specimens are presumed to be hybrid species between H.longispira and H.japonica (see taxon discussion section).;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="52233">Event:</emphasis>
year: before 1919;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="52233">Record Level:</emphasis>
language: Japanese; bibliographicCitation: Tomotaro Iwakakawa. 1919. Catalogue of Japanese Mollusca in the Natural history department, Tokyo Imperial Museum, the tokyo Imperial Museum, Tokyo, Japan, p. 72.; institutionCode:
<collectionCode pageId="0" pageNumber="52233">NSMT</collectionCode>
; collectionCode:
<collectionCode pageId="0" pageNumber="52233">Mo</collectionCode>
; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="52233" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="52233">Diagnosis</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="52233">Adult shell moderately large and very thick; shell shape subconical. Adult shell dark brown or greenish-brown sometimes covered with attachments; shell surface often having growth lines and several spiral ridges. Suture deeper than in any other viviparid from Japan; whorls strongly shouldered. Young shell small and relatively thin, but not fragile; shell shape pyramidal to subconical. Young shell bright olive; shell surface quite glossy having strong spiral ridges on upper part of spire. The shell size upon birth is larger than that of any other viviparid gastropod in Japan.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="52233" type="taxon discussion">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="52233">Taxon discussion</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="52233">
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Viviparidae" genus="Heterogen" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heterogen longspira" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="52233" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="longspira">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="52233">Heterogen longspira</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be distinguished from other Japanese
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Viviparidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="52233" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">Viviparidae</taxonomicName>
by criteria based on the illustrations and information from literature (Suppl. material 1). In particular, the juvenile and young shell have strong spiral ridges on the upper part of each whorl, this feature having crucial diagnostic value (
<bibRefCitation author="Okada, Y." journalOrPublisher="Japan Publishing Cooperation, Tokyo" pageId="0" pageNumber="52233" refId="B5916334" refString="Okada, Y., Kurasawa, H., 1950. Studies of fishery animals (1). Japan Publishing Cooperation, Tokyo" title="Studies of fishery animals (1)" year="1950">Okada and Kurasawa 1950</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Hirano, Takahiro" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Ecology" pageId="0" pageNumber="52233" pagination="5032 - 5051" refId="B5541197" refString="Hirano, Takahiro, Saito, Takumi, Tsunamoto, Yoshihiro, Koseki, Joichiro, Prozorova, Larisa, Do, Van Tu, Matsuoka, Keiji, Nakai, Katsuki, Suyama, Yoshihisa, Chiba, Satoshi, 2019. Role of ancient lakes in genetic and phenotypic diversification of freshwater snails. Molecular Ecology 28 (23): 5032 - 5051" title="Role of ancient lakes in genetic and phenotypic diversification of freshwater snails" volume="28" year="2019">Hirano et al. 2019b</bibRefCitation>
). Furthermore, the shell size of the juvenile upon birth is larger than that of any other viviparid gastropods in Japan.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="52233">
Firstly,
<taxonomicName higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="H. longispira" pageId="0" pageNumber="52233" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="longispira">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="52233">H. longispira</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is easily distinguished from
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hannibal" authorityYear="1912" class="Gastropoda" family="Viviparidae" genus="Cipangopaludina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cipangopaludina" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="52233" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="52233">Cipangopaludina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species/subspecies in Japan, based on the pyramidal shell shape, the higher spire, the narrower spire angle and the linear body whorl (
<bibRefCitation author="Kihira, H." journalOrPublisher="Pisces, Tokyo" pageId="0" pageNumber="52233" refId="B5565677" refString="Kihira, H., Matsuda, M, Uchiyama, R., 2009. Freshwater Molluscs of Japan 1: Freshwater Molluscs of Lake Biwa and the Yodo River, revised ver. Pisces, Tokyo" title="Freshwater Molluscs of Japan 1: Freshwater Molluscs of Lake Biwa and the Yodo River, revised ver." year="2009">Kihira et al. 2009</bibRefCitation>
; Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F5548842" captionText="Figure 4. Representative shells of Heterogen longispira (Smith, 1886) from Japan, deposited in the collection of the National Museum of Nature and Science, Tokyo, which were treated as Viviparus sclateri (Frauenfeld, 1865) in Iwakawa (1919). a: 2964 L from Lake Biwa, Shiga Pref. b: 2966 L from Hikone City, Shiga Pref." figureDoi="10.3897/BDJ.8.e52233.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/385159" pageId="0" pageNumber="52233">4</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="52233">
Besides, adult
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Gould" baseAuthorityYear="1859" class="Gastropoda" family="Viviparidae" genus="Sinotaia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sinotaia quadrata subsp. histrica" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="52233" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subSpecies" species="quadrata" subSpecies="histrica">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="52233">Sinotaia quadrata histrica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is generally smaller than
<taxonomicName higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="H. longispira" pageId="0" pageNumber="52233" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="longispira">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="52233">H. longispira</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. There is a high morphological diversity in the shell shape of
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. q. subsp. histrica" pageId="0" pageNumber="52233" rank="subSpecies" species="q." subSpecies="histrica">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="52233">S. q. histrica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Kihira, H." journalOrPublisher="Pisces, Tokyo" pageId="0" pageNumber="52233" refId="B5565677" refString="Kihira, H., Matsuda, M, Uchiyama, R., 2009. Freshwater Molluscs of Japan 1: Freshwater Molluscs of Lake Biwa and the Yodo River, revised ver. Pisces, Tokyo" title="Freshwater Molluscs of Japan 1: Freshwater Molluscs of Lake Biwa and the Yodo River, revised ver." year="2009">Kihira et al. 2009</bibRefCitation>
); however, the body whorl and the spire whorl are much more rounded and arched than those of
<taxonomicName higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="H. longispira" pageId="0" pageNumber="52233" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="longispira">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="52233">H. longispira</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. In addition, the suture of
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. q. subsp. histrica" pageId="0" pageNumber="52233" rank="subSpecies" species="q." subSpecies="histrica">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="52233">S. q. histrica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is shallower than that of
<taxonomicName higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="H. longispira" pageId="0" pageNumber="52233" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="longispira">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="52233">H. longispira</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The upper whorl of adult
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. q. subsp. histrica" pageId="0" pageNumber="52233" rank="subSpecies" species="q." subSpecies="histrica">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="52233">S. q. histrica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
does not have the pronounced spiral ridges. Moreover, the shell colour of
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. q. subsp. histrica" pageId="0" pageNumber="52233" rank="subSpecies" species="q." subSpecies="histrica">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="52233">S. q. histrica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is brighter than that in
<taxonomicName higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="H. longispira" pageId="0" pageNumber="52233" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="longispira">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="52233">H. longispira</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and often has a yellowish colour.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="52233">
Both adult
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="52233">
<taxonomicName higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="H. longispira" pageId="0" pageNumber="52233" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="longispira">H. longispira</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Annandale" authorityYear="1921" class="Gastropoda" family="Viviparidae" genus="Heterogen" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heterogen" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="52233" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Heterogen</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
sp. have the spiral ridges on the upper whorl (
<bibRefCitation author="Hirano, Takahiro" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Ecology" pageId="0" pageNumber="52233" pagination="5032 - 5051" refId="B5541197" refString="Hirano, Takahiro, Saito, Takumi, Tsunamoto, Yoshihiro, Koseki, Joichiro, Prozorova, Larisa, Do, Van Tu, Matsuoka, Keiji, Nakai, Katsuki, Suyama, Yoshihisa, Chiba, Satoshi, 2019. Role of ancient lakes in genetic and phenotypic diversification of freshwater snails. Molecular Ecology 28 (23): 5032 - 5051" title="Role of ancient lakes in genetic and phenotypic diversification of freshwater snails" volume="28" year="2019">Hirano et al. 2019b</bibRefCitation>
), but the ridges of
<taxonomicName higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="H. longispira" pageId="0" pageNumber="52233" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="longispira">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="52233">H. longispira</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are stronger than
<taxonomicName authorityName="Annandale" authorityYear="1921" class="Gastropoda" family="Viviparidae" genus="Heterogen" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heterogen" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="52233" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="52233">Heterogen</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. In addition, the shell shape of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Annandale" authorityYear="1921" class="Gastropoda" family="Viviparidae" genus="Heterogen" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heterogen" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="52233" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="52233">Heterogen</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. is indistinguishable from that of
<taxonomicName higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="H. japonica" pageId="0" pageNumber="52233" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="japonica">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="52233">H. japonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and then there are some differences in the shell shape between
<taxonomicName higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="H. longispira" pageId="0" pageNumber="52233" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="longispira">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="52233">H. longispira</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Annandale" authorityYear="1921" class="Gastropoda" family="Viviparidae" genus="Heterogen" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heterogen" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="52233" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="52233">Heterogen</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. (
<bibRefCitation author="Hirano, Takahiro" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Ecology" pageId="0" pageNumber="52233" pagination="5032 - 5051" refId="B5541197" refString="Hirano, Takahiro, Saito, Takumi, Tsunamoto, Yoshihiro, Koseki, Joichiro, Prozorova, Larisa, Do, Van Tu, Matsuoka, Keiji, Nakai, Katsuki, Suyama, Yoshihisa, Chiba, Satoshi, 2019. Role of ancient lakes in genetic and phenotypic diversification of freshwater snails. Molecular Ecology 28 (23): 5032 - 5051" title="Role of ancient lakes in genetic and phenotypic diversification of freshwater snails" volume="28" year="2019">Hirano et al. 2019b</bibRefCitation>
; refer to taxon discussion on the section of
<taxonomicName higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="H. japonica" pageId="0" pageNumber="52233" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="japonica">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="52233">H. japonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
for the difference).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="52233" type="notes">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="52233">Notes</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="52233">
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1886" class="Gastropoda" family="Viviparidae" genus="Heterogen" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heterogen longispira" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="52233" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="longispira">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="52233">Heterogen longispira</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was identified in four of the 11 lots examined, which were all from Lake Biwa drainage only (Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F5548846" captionText="Figure 3. Shells of Heterogen japonica (Martens, 1861), H. longispira (Smith, 1886), and the intermediate morphology between the two species stored at the National Museum of Nature and Science, Tokyo, which were treated as Viviparus sclateri (Frauenfeld, 1865) in Iwakawa's catalogue (1919). a-b: H. japonica in 2969 J from Otsu City, Shiga Pref. c-d: non-typical H. longispira in 2969 L from Otsu City, Shiga Pref. e: typical H. longispira in 2969 L from Otsu City, Shiga Pref. f: subadult H. japonica in 2969 J from Otsu City, Shiga Pref. g-j: non-typical and intermediate H. longispira in 2970 L from the Seta River, Shiga Pref. K: typical H. longispira in 2970 L from the Seta River, Shiga Pref. l: a juvenile shell of H. japonica in 2970 J from the Seta River, Shiga Pref. m: a typical juvenile shell of H. longispira in 2970 L from the Seta River, Shiga Pref." figureDoi="10.3897/BDJ.8.e52233.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/385164" pageId="0" pageNumber="52233">3</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F5548842" captionText="Figure 4. Representative shells of Heterogen longispira (Smith, 1886) from Japan, deposited in the collection of the National Museum of Nature and Science, Tokyo, which were treated as Viviparus sclateri (Frauenfeld, 1865) in Iwakawa (1919). a: 2964 L from Lake Biwa, Shiga Pref. b: 2966 L from Hikone City, Shiga Pref." figureDoi="10.3897/BDJ.8.e52233.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/385159" pageId="0" pageNumber="52233">4</figureCitation>
). Lots Mo2969 and Mo2970 contained non-typical
<taxonomicName higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="H. longispira" pageId="0" pageNumber="52233" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="longispira">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="52233">H. longispira</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with an intermediate morphology to
<taxonomicName higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="H. japonica" pageId="0" pageNumber="52233" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="japonica">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="52233">H. japonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="H. longispira" pageId="0" pageNumber="52233" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="longispira">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="52233">H. longispira</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(e.g. Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F5548846" captionText="Figure 3. Shells of Heterogen japonica (Martens, 1861), H. longispira (Smith, 1886), and the intermediate morphology between the two species stored at the National Museum of Nature and Science, Tokyo, which were treated as Viviparus sclateri (Frauenfeld, 1865) in Iwakawa's catalogue (1919). a-b: H. japonica in 2969 J from Otsu City, Shiga Pref. c-d: non-typical H. longispira in 2969 L from Otsu City, Shiga Pref. e: typical H. longispira in 2969 L from Otsu City, Shiga Pref. f: subadult H. japonica in 2969 J from Otsu City, Shiga Pref. g-j: non-typical and intermediate H. longispira in 2970 L from the Seta River, Shiga Pref. K: typical H. longispira in 2970 L from the Seta River, Shiga Pref. l: a juvenile shell of H. japonica in 2970 J from the Seta River, Shiga Pref. m: a typical juvenile shell of H. longispira in 2970 L from the Seta River, Shiga Pref." figureDoi="10.3897/BDJ.8.e52233.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/385164" pageId="0" pageNumber="52233">3</figureCitation>
c and g-k). The shell shapes of these specimens tend to be slightly more similar to
<taxonomicName higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="H. japonica" pageId="0" pageNumber="52233" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="japonica">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="52233">H. japonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; however, they have several distinctive morphological features of
<taxonomicName higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="H. longispira" pageId="0" pageNumber="52233" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="longispira">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="52233">H. longispira</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, namely, the pronounced spiral ridges, the shouldered whorl, the deep suture, the strong basal angle and the high spire. Therefore these specimens were tentatively identified as
<taxonomicName higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="H. longispira" pageId="0" pageNumber="52233" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="longispira">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="52233">H. longispira</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
here (see also discussion).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="52233">
Based on the previous taxonomy (
<bibRefCitation author="Kuroda, T." journalOrPublisher="Venus" pageId="0" pageNumber="52233" pagination="98 - 102" refId="B5554305" refString="Kuroda, T., 1929. Notes on the nomenclature of the Japanese species of the genus Viviparus. Venus 1 (3): 98 - 102" title="Notes on the nomenclature of the Japanese species of the genus Viviparus" volume="1" year="1929">Kuroda 1929</bibRefCitation>
), synonymy included the species-group name
<taxonomicName higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="turris" pageId="0" pageNumber="52233" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="turris">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="52233">turris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(and incorrectsubsequentspellings) in addition to the species-group name
<taxonomicName higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="longispira" pageId="0" pageNumber="52233" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="longispira">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="52233">longispira</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. For species-group names
<taxonomicName authorityName="I.Lea" authorityYear="1856" class="Gastropoda" family="Viviparidae" genus="Paludina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paludina ingallsiana" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="52233" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="ingallsiana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="52233">Paludina ingallsiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Viviparidae" genus="Paludina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="sclateri" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="52233" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="sclateri">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="52233">sclateri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, refer to the discussion.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

128
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<mods:namePart>Breure, Abraham S. H.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152052000" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3B0391FA7829A077757A70824BF817C2" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3B0391FA7829A077757A70824BF817C2" lastPageNumber="109" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">
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<taxonomicName LSID="3B0391FA-7829-A077-757A-70824BF817C2" authority="Pfeiffer, 1853" authorityName="Pfeiffer" authorityYear="1853" class="Gastropoda" family="Bulimulidae" genus="Bulimus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bulimus nubeculatus" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="nubeculatus">Bulimus nubeculatus Pfeiffer, 1853</taxonomicName>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 63" captionStartId="F63" captionText="Figure 63. Bulimulus species. A-B Bulimulus monachus (Pfeiffer, 1857), lectotype NHMUK 20100584 (H = 31.2) C-D Bulimulus guadalupensis (Bruguiere, 1789), lectotype of Bulimus rubrifasciatus Reeve, 1848 NHM 1975393 (H = 22.9) E-F Bulimulus corneous (Sowerby I, 1833), lectotype of Bulimus nubeculatus Pfeiffer, 1853 NHMUK 1975407 (H = 16.0) G-H Bulimulus transparens (Reeve, 1849), lectotype NHMUK 1975397 (H = 18.4) I-J Bulimulus marcidus (Pfeiffer, 1853), possible syntype NHMUK 20100649 (H = 18.0) K-L Bulimulus turritellatus (Beck, 1838), paralectotype of Helix turritella d'Orbigny 1835 NHMUK 1854.12.4.166 (H = 19.3) M-P Bulimulus unicolor (Sowerby I, 1833) M-N lectotype of Bulimus petenensis Morelet, 1851 NHMUK 1893.2.4.1176 (H = 18.7) O-P Possible syntype of Bulimulus istapensis Crosse and Fischer, 1873 NHMUK 1893.2.4.1185 (H = 11.2). All enlarged." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/26735" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">Figs 63E-F</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure L41" captionStartId="F41L" captionText="Figure L 41. Labels. i Bulimus nigropileatus Reeve, 1849 ii Bulimus nitelinus Reeve, 1849 iii Bulinus nitidus Broderip in Broderip and Sowerby I 1832 iv Helix nivalis d'Orbigny, 1835 v Drymaeus notabilis da Costa, 1906 vi Drymaeus notatus da Costa, 1906 vii Bulimus nubeculatus Pfeiffer, 1853." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/26808" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">, L41vii</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="108" pageNumber="109" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="108" pageNumber="109">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pfeiffer" authorityYear="1853" class="Gastropoda" family="Bulimulidae" genus="Bulimus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="nubeculatus">Bulimus nubeculatus</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation author="Pfeiffer, L" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London" pageId="186" pageNumber="187" pagination="252 - 263" refId="B106" refString="Pfeiffer, L, 1853b. Descriptions of fifty-four new species of Helicea from the collection of H. Cuming Esq. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 19: 252 - 263" title="Descriptions of fifty-four new species of Helicea from the collection of H. Cuming Esq." volume="19" year="1853 b">Pfeiffer 1853b</bibRefCitation>
: 257;
<bibRefCitation author="Breure, ASH" journalOrPublisher="Zoologische Verhandelingen Leiden" pageId="181" pageNumber="182" pagination="1 - 215" refId="B15" refString="Breure, ASH, 1979. Systematics, phylogeny and zoogeography of Bulimulinae (Mollusca). Zoologische Verhandelingen Leiden 168: 1 - 215" title="Systematics, phylogeny and zoogeography of Bulimulinae (Mollusca)." volume="168" year="1979">Breure 1979</bibRefCitation>
: 63 (lectotype designation).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="108" pageNumber="109">
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="L.Pfeiffer" baseAuthorityYear="1853" class="Gastropoda" family="Bulimulidae" genus="Bulimulus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Pulmonata" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subSpecies" species="corneus" subSpecies="nubeculatus">Bulimulus corneus nubeculatus</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Thompson, FG" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin Florida Museum of Natural History" pageId="190" pageNumber="191" pagination="1 - 299" refId="B185" refString="Thompson, FG, 2011. An annotated checklist and bibliography of the land and freshwater snails of Mexico and Central America. Bulletin Florida Museum of Natural History 50: 1 - 299" title="An annotated checklist and bibliography of the land and freshwater snails of Mexico and Central America." volume="50" year="2011">Thompson 2011</bibRefCitation>
: 106.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="108" pageNumber="109" type="type locality">
<paragraph pageId="108" pageNumber="109">Type locality.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="108" pageNumber="109">
&quot;America centrali (
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">Morelet</emphasis>
)&quot;.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="108" pageNumber="109" type="label">
<paragraph pageId="108" pageNumber="109">Label.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="108" pageNumber="109">
&quot;Central Americ[a]&quot;, taxon label in
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pfeiffer’s">Pfeiffer's</normalizedToken>
handwriting. M.C. label style I.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="108" pageNumber="109" type="dimensions">
<paragraph pageId="108" pageNumber="109">Dimensions.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="108" pageNumber="109">&quot;Long. 16, diam. 8 1/2 mill.&quot;; figured specimen herein H 16.0, D 9.12, W 5.8.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="108" pageNumber="109" type="type material">
<paragraph pageId="108" pageNumber="109">Type material.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="108" pageNumber="109">NHMUK 1975407, lectotype; 1975408, two paralectotypes (Cuming coll.).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="108" pageNumber="109" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="108" pageNumber="109">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="108" pageNumber="109">
This taxon is regarded as a questionable variety of
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Bulimulidae" genus="Bulimulus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Pulmonata" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="corneous">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">Bulimulus corneous</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Sowerby I, 1833) by
<bibRefCitation author="Martens, E von" journalOrPublisher="R. H. Poter and Dulau &amp; Co., London" pageId="184" pageNumber="185" pagination="1 - 706" refId="B78" refString="Martens, E von, 1890-1901. Biologia Centrali-Americana. R.H. Poter and Dulau &amp; Co., London: 1 - 706" title="Biologia Centrali-Americana" year="1890 - 1901">Martens (1893 [1890-1901]</bibRefCitation>
: 247) and
<bibRefCitation author="Pilsbry, HA" journalOrPublisher="Manual of Conchology" pageId="188" pageNumber="189" pagination="1 - 399" refId="B150" refString="Pilsbry, HA, 1897-1898. American Bulimulidae: Bulimulus, Neopetraeus, Oxychona and South American Drymaeus. Manual of Conchology 11: 1 - 399" title="American Bulimulidae: Bulimulus, Neopetraeus, Oxychona and South American Drymaeus." volume="11" year="1897 - 1898">Pilsbry (1897 [1897-1898]</bibRefCitation>
: 56. The exact type locality remains unknown. For the current systematic position we prefer, therefore, to follow
<bibRefCitation author="Richardson, CL" journalOrPublisher="Tryonia" pageId="189" pageNumber="190" pagination="1 - 458" refId="B164" refString="Richardson, CL, 1995. Bulimulidae: catalog of species. Tryonia 28: 1 - 458" title="Bulimulidae: catalog of species." volume="28" year="1995">Richardson (1995</bibRefCitation>
: 68) who treated
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pfeiffer’s">Pfeiffer's</normalizedToken>
taxon as a subjective junior synonym of
<normalizedToken originalValue="Sowerby’s">Sowerby's</normalizedToken>
species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="108" pageNumber="109" type="current systematic position">
<paragraph pageId="108" pageNumber="109">Current systematic position.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="108" pageNumber="109">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Tryon" authorityYear="1867" class="Gastropoda" family="Bulimulidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Pulmonata" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">Bulimulidae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Bulimulidae" genus="Bulimulus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Pulmonata" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="corneous">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">Bulimulus corneous</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Sowerby I, 1833).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

288
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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.62.23196" ID-GBIF-Dataset="7cc60ce7-3eb6-4ee0-bd95-0f4b5dd0d596" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2607-62-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="4E518C21FFABDB128D018B7EEC6C7972" ID-ZBK="27CAA30DE5144ECE8095010F6141E8B0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1222519" ID-ZooBank="27CAA30DE5144ECE8095010F6141E8B0" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2018" ModsDocID="1314-2607-62-1" ModsDocOrigin="Journal of Hymenoptera Research 62" ModsDocTitle="Most northern Oriental distribution of Zethus Fabricius (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Eumeninae), with a new species from China" checkinTime="1519688798478" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Tan, Jiang-Li, Carpenter, James M &amp; Achterberg, Cornelis van" docDate="2018" docId="3B039D623920ECE97D106E6A057CFCE2" docLanguage="en" docName="JourHymenoptRes 62: 1-13" docOrigin="Journal of Hymenoptera Research 62" docPubDate="2018-02-26" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.62.23196" docTitle="Zethus velamellatus Tan 2018, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="DBA926D0-5F9C-44CC-B9C1-C39C4E8BA572" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="10" id="4E518C21FFABDB128D018B7EEC6C7972" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="4E518C21FFABDB128D018B7EEC6C7972" masterDocTitle="Most northern Oriental distribution of Zethus Fabricius (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Eumeninae), with a new species from China" masterLastPageNumber="13" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1678749607563" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:title>Most northern Oriental distribution of Zethus Fabricius (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Eumeninae), with a new species from China</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Tan, Jiang-Li</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation / Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation>Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, USA</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
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<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Achterberg, Cornelis van</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6495-4853</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation / Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China</mods:affiliation>
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<subSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="taxonomy">
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="150735561" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:DBA926D0-5F9C-44CC-B9C1-C39C4E8BA572" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3B039D623920ECE97D106E6A057CFCE2" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/DBA926D0-5F9C-44CC-B9C1-C39C4E8BA572" authority="Tan" authorityName="Tan" authorityYear="2018" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Zethus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zethus velamellatus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="velamellatus" status="sp. n.">Zethus velamellatus Tan</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="1">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 14. Zethus velamellatus Tan, sp. n., holotype, ♀, habitus, lateral aspect." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.62.23196.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/187331" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figs 14</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 15–24" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 15 - 24. Zethus velamellatus Tan, sp. n., holotype, ♀. 15 Head and mesosoma, dorsal aspect 16 head and mesosoma, lateral aspect 17 propodeum and TI, dorsal aspect 18 propodeum and TI, lateral aspect 19 SI, ventral aspect 20 head, anterior aspect 21 clypeus, anterior aspect 22 antenna 23 metasoma, lateral aspect 24 metasoma, dorsal aspect." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.62.23196.figures15-24" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/187332" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 15-24</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2013-08-23" collectionCode="NWUX" collectorName="Jiangli Tan" country="CHINA" county="Hangzhou" latitude="30.06" location="Qingliangfeng" longLatPrecision="734" longitude="118.94" municipality="Lin'an" specimenCount="♀" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Zhejiang" typeStatus="Holotype">
<typeStatus>Holotype</typeStatus>
,
<specimenCount type="female">♀</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode collectionName="NWUX" country="China" name="Hymenoptera Collection of the College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an">NWUX</collectionCode>
): &quot;
<collectingCountry name="China" value="China">CHINA</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion country="China" name="Zhejiang">Zhejiang</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCounty>
<collectingMunicipality>Hangzhou</collectingMunicipality>
</collectingCounty>
,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Lin’an">
<collectingMunicipality>
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3B039D623920ECE97D106E6A057CFCE2:96088E91A340013BD78B0B139E2A203E" country="China" latitude="30.06" longLatPrecision="734" longitude="118.94" municipality="Hangzhou" name="Lin'an" stateProvince="Zhejiang">Lin'an</location>
</collectingMunicipality>
</normalizedToken>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3B039D623920ECE97D106E6A057CFCE2:4EF60AAF168285C246DD67384820D39B" country="CHINA" county="Hangzhou" latitude="30.06" longLatPrecision="734" longitude="118.94" municipality="Lin'an" name="Qingliangfeng" stateProvince="Zhejiang">Qingliangfeng</location>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3B039D623920ECE97D106E6A057CFCE2:1BE3FBC27285889F0C21CC9D895A3BFD" country="CHINA" county="Hangzhou" latitude="30.06" longLatPrecision="734" longitude="118.94" municipality="Lin'an" name="Shunxi" stateProvince="Zhejiang">Shunxi</location>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="30.06" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="555" value="30.06">N30.06°</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate degrees="118.94" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="555" value="118.94">E118.94°</geoCoordinate>
,
<collectingDate value="2013-08-23">
<date value="2013-08-23">23.viii.2013</date>
</collectingDate>
,
<collectorName>Jiangli Tan</collectorName>
&quot;.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Clypeus of
<specimenCount>♀</specimenCount>
punctate-reticulate and depressed space between apical teeth without median ridge; mesopleuron reticulate-rugose; propodeal lamella almost invisible as the submarginal carina is not produced above propodeal valvulae; T1 unevenly punctate and approx. twice as long as its maximum width in dorsal view and approx. 2.4
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as high in lateral view; SI densely striate and sparsely punctate; TI with apical yellow band.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Length of body 13.0 mm; fore wing length
<quantity metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" unit="mm" value="11.0">11 mm</quantity>
; width of mesonotum (including tegulae)
<quantity metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1" unit="mm" value="31.0">3.1 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Head.</emphasis>
Head transversely oblong, approx. 1.3
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
wider than high in anterior view (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 15–24" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 15 - 24. Zethus velamellatus Tan, sp. n., holotype, ♀. 15 Head and mesosoma, dorsal aspect 16 head and mesosoma, lateral aspect 17 propodeum and TI, dorsal aspect 18 propodeum and TI, lateral aspect 19 SI, ventral aspect 20 head, anterior aspect 21 clypeus, anterior aspect 22 antenna 23 metasoma, lateral aspect 24 metasoma, dorsal aspect." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.62.23196.figures15-24" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/187332" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">20</figureCitation>
), about 2.2
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
wider than long in dorsal view, coarsely punctate-reticulate and with long setae. Temple contracted behind eyes, approx. 1.2
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
wider than eye in dorsal view. Occipital carina developed, with crenulae in front of it. Clypeus gently convex, slightly less than twice as wide as long, emarginated at basal margin; apex minutely bi-dentate, depressed space between both teeth without median ridge (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 15–24" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 15 - 24. Zethus velamellatus Tan, sp. n., holotype, ♀. 15 Head and mesosoma, dorsal aspect 16 head and mesosoma, lateral aspect 17 propodeum and TI, dorsal aspect 18 propodeum and TI, lateral aspect 19 SI, ventral aspect 20 head, anterior aspect 21 clypeus, anterior aspect 22 antenna 23 metasoma, lateral aspect 24 metasoma, dorsal aspect." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.62.23196.figures15-24" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/187332" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">21</figureCitation>
); clypeus punctate-reticulate with dense yellowish brown long setae (more than three times ocellar diameter); width of apical depression about a quarter width of clypeus. Mandible with four teeth, coarsely punctate-rugose, third and fourth teeth truncated. Antennal scape punctate, 2.7
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as its maximum width; FI 1.9
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as its maximum width, FII as long as wide, FIII-IX wider than long, FX bullet-shaped, as long as its basal width (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 15–24" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 15 - 24. Zethus velamellatus Tan, sp. n., holotype, ♀. 15 Head and mesosoma, dorsal aspect 16 head and mesosoma, lateral aspect 17 propodeum and TI, dorsal aspect 18 propodeum and TI, lateral aspect 19 SI, ventral aspect 20 head, anterior aspect 21 clypeus, anterior aspect 22 antenna 23 metasoma, lateral aspect 24 metasoma, dorsal aspect." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.62.23196.figures15-24" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/187332" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">22</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Mesosoma.</emphasis>
Pronotum reticulate-punctate dorsally with ventro-lateral area punctate-rugose (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 15–24" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 15 - 24. Zethus velamellatus Tan, sp. n., holotype, ♀. 15 Head and mesosoma, dorsal aspect 16 head and mesosoma, lateral aspect 17 propodeum and TI, dorsal aspect 18 propodeum and TI, lateral aspect 19 SI, ventral aspect 20 head, anterior aspect 21 clypeus, anterior aspect 22 antenna 23 metasoma, lateral aspect 24 metasoma, dorsal aspect." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.62.23196.figures15-24" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/187332" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">15-16</figureCitation>
). Mesoscutum coarsely rugose-punctate to densely punctate (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 15–24" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 15 - 24. Zethus velamellatus Tan, sp. n., holotype, ♀. 15 Head and mesosoma, dorsal aspect 16 head and mesosoma, lateral aspect 17 propodeum and TI, dorsal aspect 18 propodeum and TI, lateral aspect 19 SI, ventral aspect 20 head, anterior aspect 21 clypeus, anterior aspect 22 antenna 23 metasoma, lateral aspect 24 metasoma, dorsal aspect." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.62.23196.figures15-24" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/187332" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">15</figureCitation>
); mesoscutellum and metanotum coarsely punctate with distance between punctures less than diameter of puncture. Epicnemial carina distinct, bordered posteriorly by a narrow sulcus; episternal sulcus indistinctly developed as a crenulate depression, epipleural suture indistinct; mesopleuron (episternum) coarsely punctate-rugose (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 15–24" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 15 - 24. Zethus velamellatus Tan, sp. n., holotype, ♀. 15 Head and mesosoma, dorsal aspect 16 head and mesosoma, lateral aspect 17 propodeum and TI, dorsal aspect 18 propodeum and TI, lateral aspect 19 SI, ventral aspect 20 head, anterior aspect 21 clypeus, anterior aspect 22 antenna 23 metasoma, lateral aspect 24 metasoma, dorsal aspect." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.62.23196.figures15-24" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/187332" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">16</figureCitation>
), below pleural and epipleural sulci densely punctate-rugose with epicnemium and posterior part of episternum coriaceous (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 15–24" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 15 - 24. Zethus velamellatus Tan, sp. n., holotype, ♀. 15 Head and mesosoma, dorsal aspect 16 head and mesosoma, lateral aspect 17 propodeum and TI, dorsal aspect 18 propodeum and TI, lateral aspect 19 SI, ventral aspect 20 head, anterior aspect 21 clypeus, anterior aspect 22 antenna 23 metasoma, lateral aspect 24 metasoma, dorsal aspect." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.62.23196.figures15-24" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/187332" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">16</figureCitation>
). Propodeum coriaceous-aciculate laterally and without lateral carina (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 15–24" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 15 - 24. Zethus velamellatus Tan, sp. n., holotype, ♀. 15 Head and mesosoma, dorsal aspect 16 head and mesosoma, lateral aspect 17 propodeum and TI, dorsal aspect 18 propodeum and TI, lateral aspect 19 SI, ventral aspect 20 head, anterior aspect 21 clypeus, anterior aspect 22 antenna 23 metasoma, lateral aspect 24 metasoma, dorsal aspect." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.62.23196.figures15-24" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/187332" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">17</figureCitation>
), coriaceous-reticulate postero-laterally and oblique punctate-rugose along each side of median carina and with dense setae (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 15–24" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 15 - 24. Zethus velamellatus Tan, sp. n., holotype, ♀. 15 Head and mesosoma, dorsal aspect 16 head and mesosoma, lateral aspect 17 propodeum and TI, dorsal aspect 18 propodeum and TI, lateral aspect 19 SI, ventral aspect 20 head, anterior aspect 21 clypeus, anterior aspect 22 antenna 23 metasoma, lateral aspect 24 metasoma, dorsal aspect." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.62.23196.figures15-24" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/187332" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">17</figureCitation>
); submarginal carina not produced into a lamella resulting in absence of propodeal lamella above propodeal valvula (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 15–24" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 15 - 24. Zethus velamellatus Tan, sp. n., holotype, ♀. 15 Head and mesosoma, dorsal aspect 16 head and mesosoma, lateral aspect 17 propodeum and TI, dorsal aspect 18 propodeum and TI, lateral aspect 19 SI, ventral aspect 20 head, anterior aspect 21 clypeus, anterior aspect 22 antenna 23 metasoma, lateral aspect 24 metasoma, dorsal aspect." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.62.23196.figures15-24" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/187332" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">17</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="1223423" doi="10.3897/jhr.62.23196.figures15-24" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/187332" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figures 15–24" startId="F4">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figures 15-24.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Tan" authorityYear="2018" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Zethus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zethus velamellatus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="velamellatus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Zethus velamellatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Tan, sp. n.,
<typeStatus>holotype</typeStatus>
,
<specimenCount>♀</specimenCount>
.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">15</emphasis>
Head and mesosoma, dorsal aspect
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">16</emphasis>
head and mesosoma, lateral aspect
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">17</emphasis>
propodeum and TI, dorsal aspect
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">18</emphasis>
propodeum and TI, lateral aspect
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">19</emphasis>
SI, ventral aspect
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">20</emphasis>
head, anterior aspect
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">21</emphasis>
clypeus, anterior aspect
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">22</emphasis>
antenna
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">23</emphasis>
metasoma, lateral aspect
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">24</emphasis>
metasoma, dorsal aspect.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Metasoma.</emphasis>
TI short, about twice as long as wide in dorsal view, gradually widened from base to basal one third, then slightly narrowed toward apex, with maximum width 3.1
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
its basal width (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 15–24" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 15 - 24. Zethus velamellatus Tan, sp. n., holotype, ♀. 15 Head and mesosoma, dorsal aspect 16 head and mesosoma, lateral aspect 17 propodeum and TI, dorsal aspect 18 propodeum and TI, lateral aspect 19 SI, ventral aspect 20 head, anterior aspect 21 clypeus, anterior aspect 22 antenna 23 metasoma, lateral aspect 24 metasoma, dorsal aspect." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.62.23196.figures15-24" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/187332" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">17</figureCitation>
); in lateral view smoothly curved between basal stem and apical part; strongly convex dorsally, about 2.4
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as high (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 15–24" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 15 - 24. Zethus velamellatus Tan, sp. n., holotype, ♀. 15 Head and mesosoma, dorsal aspect 16 head and mesosoma, lateral aspect 17 propodeum and TI, dorsal aspect 18 propodeum and TI, lateral aspect 19 SI, ventral aspect 20 head, anterior aspect 21 clypeus, anterior aspect 22 antenna 23 metasoma, lateral aspect 24 metasoma, dorsal aspect." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.62.23196.figures15-24" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/187332" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">18</figureCitation>
); TI unevenly punctate; SI densely striate and sparsely punctate (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 15–24" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 15 - 24. Zethus velamellatus Tan, sp. n., holotype, ♀. 15 Head and mesosoma, dorsal aspect 16 head and mesosoma, lateral aspect 17 propodeum and TI, dorsal aspect 18 propodeum and TI, lateral aspect 19 SI, ventral aspect 20 head, anterior aspect 21 clypeus, anterior aspect 22 antenna 23 metasoma, lateral aspect 24 metasoma, dorsal aspect." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.62.23196.figures15-24" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/187332" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">19</figureCitation>
). TII sparsely punctate with rather short petiole basally, about 1.4
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as wide in dorsal view (Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 15–24" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 15 - 24. Zethus velamellatus Tan, sp. n., holotype, ♀. 15 Head and mesosoma, dorsal aspect 16 head and mesosoma, lateral aspect 17 propodeum and TI, dorsal aspect 18 propodeum and TI, lateral aspect 19 SI, ventral aspect 20 head, anterior aspect 21 clypeus, anterior aspect 22 antenna 23 metasoma, lateral aspect 24 metasoma, dorsal aspect." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.62.23196.figures15-24" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/187332" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">23</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 15–24" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 15 - 24. Zethus velamellatus Tan, sp. n., holotype, ♀. 15 Head and mesosoma, dorsal aspect 16 head and mesosoma, lateral aspect 17 propodeum and TI, dorsal aspect 18 propodeum and TI, lateral aspect 19 SI, ventral aspect 20 head, anterior aspect 21 clypeus, anterior aspect 22 antenna 23 metasoma, lateral aspect 24 metasoma, dorsal aspect." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.62.23196.figures15-24" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/187332" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">24</figureCitation>
); SII in lateral view smoothly curved from base to apical margin (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 15–24" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 15 - 24. Zethus velamellatus Tan, sp. n., holotype, ♀. 15 Head and mesosoma, dorsal aspect 16 head and mesosoma, lateral aspect 17 propodeum and TI, dorsal aspect 18 propodeum and TI, lateral aspect 19 SI, ventral aspect 20 head, anterior aspect 21 clypeus, anterior aspect 22 antenna 23 metasoma, lateral aspect 24 metasoma, dorsal aspect." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.62.23196.figures15-24" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/187332" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">23</figureCitation>
); TII and SII with raised apical lamella of approx.
<quantity metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" unit="mm" value="2.0">0.2 mm</quantity>
and
<quantity metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="mm" value="1.0">0.1 mm</quantity>
long, respectively, apical lamella of TIII flat and approx.
<quantity metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" unit="mm" value="25.0">0.25 mm</quantity>
long.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Colour</emphasis>
(Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 14. Zethus velamellatus Tan, sp. n., holotype, ♀, habitus, lateral aspect." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.62.23196.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/187331" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">14</figureCitation>
-
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 15–24" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 15 - 24. Zethus velamellatus Tan, sp. n., holotype, ♀. 15 Head and mesosoma, dorsal aspect 16 head and mesosoma, lateral aspect 17 propodeum and TI, dorsal aspect 18 propodeum and TI, lateral aspect 19 SI, ventral aspect 20 head, anterior aspect 21 clypeus, anterior aspect 22 antenna 23 metasoma, lateral aspect 24 metasoma, dorsal aspect." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.62.23196.figures15-24" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/187332" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">19</figureCitation>
). Body black, except a yellow spot near dorso-inner margin of antennal socket, a pair of transverse yellow lateral spots on apical margin of TI, TII with a narrow yellow subapical band and propodeal valvula yellowish brown. Wings yellowish brown tinged.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Tan" authorityYear="2018" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Zethus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zethus velamellatus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="velamellatus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Zethus velamellatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. n. fits well into the
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cameron" authorityYear="1904" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Zethus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zethus trimaculatus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trimaculatus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Zethus trimaculatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-group (
<bibRefCitation author="Giordani Soika, A" journalOrPublisher="Bollettino del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Venezia" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="75 - 80" refId="B9" refString="Giordani Soika, A, 1958. Notule vespidologiche VIII., Contributo alla conoscenza degli Zethus orientali. Bollettino del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Venezia 11: 75 - 80" title="Notule vespidologiche VIII., Contributo alla conoscenza degli Zethus orientali." volume="11" year="1958">Giordani Soika 1958</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4324.3.7" author="Yeh, WC" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="529 - 540" refId="B29" refString="Yeh, WC, Lu, SS, 2017. New record of the genus Zethus Fabricius from Taiwan, with the description of Z. taiwanus sp. nov. and a key to the species of trimaculatus -group (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae). Zootaxa 4324 (3): 529 - 540, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4324.3.7" title="New record of the genus Zethus Fabricius from Taiwan, with the description of Z. taiwanus sp. nov. and a key to the species of trimaculatus - group (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae)." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4324.3.7" volume="4324" year="2017">Yeh and Lu 2017</bibRefCitation>
) in sharing the main character of a short and stout first metasomal segment. The new species is easily to separate because of the missing submarginal lamella of the propodeum, the punctate sculpture of SI and smoothly curved profile of SII in lateral view.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">China (Zhejiang).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
This species is named &quot;
<taxonomicName authorityName="Tan" authorityYear="2018" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Zethus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zethus velamellatus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="velamellatus">Zethus velamellatus</taxonomicName>
(
<normalizedToken originalValue="“ve”">&quot;ve&quot;</normalizedToken>
is Latin for
<normalizedToken originalValue="“without”">&quot;without&quot;</normalizedToken>
) because the propodeal lamella is invisible in this species.
</paragraph>
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="1223419" doi="10.3897/jhr.62.23196.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/187333" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 25" startId="F5">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 25.</emphasis>
Zoogeographical map illustrating
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Zethus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zethus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Zethus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp. recorded from Oriental and Palaearctic regions;
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Z. favillaceus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="favillaceus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Z. favillaceus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is included as borderline species. Map from: http://blogs.discovermagazine.com.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</subSection>
</document>