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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.9.e67085" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2828-9-e67085" ID-Pensoft-UUID="098BBB1FA97956E582A44AEE6C55905D" ModsDocID="1314-2828-9-e67085" checkinTime="1626939855275" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Kolcsar, Levente-Peter, Oosterbroek, Pjotr, Gavryushin, Dmitry I., Olsen, Kjell Magne, Paramonov, Nikolai M., Pilipenko, Valentin E., Stary, Jaroslav, Polevoi, Alexei, Lantsov, Vladimir I., Eiroa, Eulalia, Andersson, Michael, Salmela, Jukka, Quindroit, Clovis, d'Oliveira, Micha C., Hancock, E. Geoffrey, Mederos, Jorge, Boardman, Pete, Viitanen, Esko &amp; Watanabe, Kozo" docDate="2021" docId="2EF3168708045A8BBD0B4E844A57182F" docLanguage="en" docName="BiodivDatJour 9: e67085" docOrigin="Biodiversity Data Journal 9" docPubDate="2021-07-21" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.9.e67085" docTitle="Limonia aquilina Starý 1984" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" id="098BBB1FA97956E582A44AEE6C55905D" lastPageNumber="67085" masterDocId="098BBB1FA97956E582A44AEE6C55905D" masterDocTitle="Contribution to the knowledge of Limoniidae (Diptera: Tipuloidea): first records of 244 species from various European countries" masterLastPageNumber="67085" masterPageNumber="67085" pageId="0" pageNumber="67085" updateTime="1626939855275" updateUser="pensoft">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Contribution to the knowledge of Limoniidae (Diptera: Tipuloidea): first records of 244 species from various European countries</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Kolcsar, Levente-Peter</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Center for Marine Environmental Studies, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Gavryushin, Dmitry I.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Olsen, Kjell Magne</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>BioFokus, Oslo, Norway</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Paramonov, Nikolai M.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Zoological Institute RAS, St. Petersburg, Russia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Pilipenko, Valentin E.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Stary, Jaroslav</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Silesian Museum, Opava, Czech Republic</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:affiliation>Forest Research Institute KarRC RAS, Petrozavodsk, Russia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Lantsov, Vladimir I.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Tembotov Institute of Ecology of Mountain Territories of Russian Academy of Sciences, Nalchik, Russia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Eiroa, Eulalia</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Departamento de Zoologia, Genetica y Antropologia Fisica, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Andersson, Michael</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Gripenbergsgatan 64, Huskvarna, Sweden</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Salmela, Jukka</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9462-9624</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Regional Museum of Lapland, Rovaniemi, Finland</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Quindroit, Clovis</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>GRETIA, Angers, France</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>d'Oliveira, Micha C.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, Netherlands</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Hancock, E. Geoffrey</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>The Hunterian Museum, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Mederos, Jorge</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2356-3642</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Museu de Ciencies Naturals de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Boardman, Pete</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Natural England, Telford, United Kingdom</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Viitanen, Esko</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Vanhan-Mankkaan tie 29, Espoo, Finland</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Watanabe, Kozo</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7062-595X</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:number>2021-07-21</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">098BBB1FA97956E582A44AEE6C55905D</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2EF3168708045A8BBD0B4E844A57182F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/2EF3168708045A8BBD0B4E844A57182F" lastPageNumber="67085" pageId="0" pageNumber="67085">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="67085" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67085">
<taxonomicName LSID="2EF31687-0804-5A8B-BD0B-4E844A57182F" authority="Stary, 1984" authorityName="Starý" authorityYear="1984" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Limonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Limonia aquilina" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="67085" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aquilina">
Limonia aquilina
<normalizedToken originalValue="Starý">Stary</normalizedToken>
, 1984
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="67085" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67085">Materials</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67085">
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2005-01-08" collectingDateMax="2005-08-01" collectingDateMin="2005-01-08" collectingMethod="Malaise trap" collectionCode="JES" collectorName="J. Ilmonen, Identification, J. Salmela, Event, Record Level, PreservedSpecimen" country="Finland" county="Myllypuro" determinerName="J. Salmela" elevation="0" latitude="60.333" location="Occurrence" longitude="24.501" municipality="Vihti" pageId="0" pageNumber="67085" specimenCode="JES- 20110511" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" typeStatus="Other material">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67085">Type status:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2005-01-08" collectingDateMax="2005-08-01" collectingDateMin="2005-01-08" collectingMethod="Malaise trap" collectionCode="JES" collectorName="J. Ilmonen, Identification, J. Salmela, Event, Record Level, PreservedSpecimen" country="Finland" county="Myllypuro" determinerName="J. Salmela" elevation="0" latitude="60.333" location="Occurrence" longitude="24.501" municipality="Vihti" specimenCode="JES- 20110511" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" typeStatus="Other material">
<typeStatus pageId="0" pageNumber="67085">Other material</typeStatus>
.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67085">
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2EF3168708045A8BBD0B4E844A57182F:FCBB7F48227A4199CD3FA489173B97B5" country="Finland" county="Myllypuro" latitude="60.333" longitude="24.501" municipality="Vihti" name="Occurrence">Occurrence</location>
:
</emphasis>
catalogNumber:
<specimenCode pageId="0" pageNumber="67085">JES-20110511</specimenCode>
; occurrenceRemarks:
<specimenCount type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
; recordedBy:
<collectorName pageId="0" pageNumber="67085">J. Ilmonen</collectorName>
; individualCount:
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; sex:
<specimenType pageId="0" pageNumber="67085">female</specimenType>
; preparations:
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2EF3168708045A8BBD0B4E844A57182F:91003F931EA4295150AD5523FB3217A0" country="Finland" county="Myllypuro" latitude="60.333" longitude="24.501" municipality="Vihti" name="Ethanol">Ethanol</location>
; occurrenceID: EU_LIM_480;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67085">
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2EF3168708045A8BBD0B4E844A57182F:E1469CC1058DC1B55DDC8D8DD5E16779" country="Finland" county="Myllypuro" latitude="60.333" longitude="24.501" municipality="Vihti" name="Taxon">Taxon</location>
:
</emphasis>
scientificName:
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2EF3168708045A8BBD0B4E844A57182F:747C33ED6FE708877C24492A8AAA9752" country="Finland" county="Myllypuro" latitude="60.333" longitude="24.501" municipality="Vihti" name="Limonia">Limonia</location>
aquilina
<normalizedToken originalValue="Starý">
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2EF3168708045A8BBD0B4E844A57182F:CBAC196345D4AD90F13EEA8BA27B9251" country="Finland" county="Myllypuro" latitude="60.333" longitude="24.501" municipality="Vihti" name="Stary">Stary</location>
</normalizedToken>
, 1984; family:
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2EF3168708045A8BBD0B4E844A57182F:40DF4145B12F1EDE13A8C23C58F2D359" country="Finland" county="Myllypuro" latitude="60.333" longitude="24.501" municipality="Vihti" name="Limoniidae">Limoniidae</location>
; genus:
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2EF3168708045A8BBD0B4E844A57182F:F229C03B56A7C9CB87E9457A0123A3DA" country="Finland" county="Myllypuro" latitude="60.333" longitude="24.501" municipality="Vihti" name="Limonia">Limonia</location>
; specificEpithet: aquilina; scientificNameAuthorship:
<normalizedToken originalValue="Starý">
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2EF3168708045A8BBD0B4E844A57182F:7DB0910D170AA6F761405CC66FF3FAF2" country="Finland" county="Myllypuro" latitude="60.333" longitude="24.501" municipality="Vihti" name="Stary">Stary</location>
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, 1984;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67085">
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2EF3168708045A8BBD0B4E844A57182F:54C194269D680992F3607E991162D961" country="Finland" county="Myllypuro" latitude="60.333" longitude="24.501" municipality="Vihti" name="Location">Location</location>
:
</emphasis>
country:
<collectingCountry name="Finland" pageId="0" pageNumber="67085">Finland</collectingCountry>
; stateProvince:
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2EF3168708045A8BBD0B4E844A57182F:555F4E662A0A9497604CDE8EED524D2C" country="Finland" county="Myllypuro" latitude="60.333" longitude="24.501" municipality="Vihti" name="Regio">Regio</location>
aboensis; municipality:
<collectingMunicipality>Vihti</collectingMunicipality>
; locality:
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2EF3168708045A8BBD0B4E844A57182F:792B94F1EA1FFB61335D8882237ACCCD" country="Finland" county="Myllypuro" latitude="60.333" longitude="24.501" municipality="Vihti" name="Myllypuro" pageId="0" pageNumber="67085">
<collectingCounty>Myllypuro</collectingCounty>
</location>
; verbatimElevation:
<elevation pageId="0" pageNumber="67085">
<quantity metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" unit="m" value="40.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" unit="m" value="40.0">40 m</elevation>
</quantity>
</elevation>
; minimumElevationInMeters: 40; decimalLatitude:
<geoCoordinate orientation="latitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="67085" value="60.333">60.333</geoCoordinate>
; decimalLongitude:
<geoCoordinate orientation="longitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="67085" value="24.501">24.501</geoCoordinate>
;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67085">
<collectorName>Identification</collectorName>
:
</emphasis>
identifiedBy:
<determinerName pageId="0" pageNumber="67085">
<collectorName>J. Salmela</collectorName>
</determinerName>
;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67085">
<collectorName>Event</collectorName>
:
</emphasis>
samplingProtocol:
<collectingMethod pageId="0" pageNumber="67085">Malaise trap</collectingMethod>
; eventDate:
<collectingDate value="2005-01-08">2005-08-01</collectingDate>
; verbatimEventDate:
<collectingDate pageId="0" pageNumber="67085" value="2005-08-01">1/Aug/2005</collectingDate>
;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67085">
<collectorName>Record Level</collectorName>
:
</emphasis>
institutionCode: ZMUT; basisOfRecord:
<collectorName>PreservedSpecimen</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="67085" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67085">Distribution</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67085">First record from Finland.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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data/2E/F3/97/2EF397CF51195E4989F4714A1871480E.xml Normal file
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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1044.62572" ID-GBIF-Dataset="7070f6ff-2c1d-4583-ab09-434aa8d2f913" ID-PMC="PMC8222236" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1044-197" ID-Pensoft-UUID="637074ECD8D7523A90E56E022BF1B99C" ID-PubMed="34183877" ID-ZooBank="D6810E58261E4852887B167E07A68A9C" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1044-197" checkinTime="1623875438407" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Belousov, Igor A. &amp; Kabak, Ilya I." docDate="2021" docId="2EF397CF51195E4989F4714A1871480E" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1044: 197-220" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1044" docPubDate="2021-06-16" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1044.62572" docTitle="Yalongaphaenops erwini Belousov &amp; Kabak 2021, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="576E8311-590C-418E-B0EC-E709E777F8B9" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" id="637074ECD8D7523A90E56E022BF1B99C" lastPageNumber="197" masterDocId="637074ECD8D7523A90E56E022BF1B99C" masterDocTitle="Yalongaphaenops erwini gen. et sp. nov., the world's most high-altitude hypogean trechine beetle from China (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Trechinae)" masterLastPageNumber="220" masterPageNumber="197" pageNumber="197" updateTime="1668150440318" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>Yalongaphaenops erwini gen. et sp. nov., the world's most high-altitude hypogean trechine beetle from China (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Trechinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart>Belousov, Igor A.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:namePart>Kabak, Ilya I.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
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<subSection pageId="0" pageNumber="197" type="taxonomy">
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="182754116" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:576E8311-590C-418E-B0EC-E709E777F8B9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/2EF397CF51195E4989F4714A1871480E" lastPageNumber="197" pageId="0" pageNumber="197">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/576E8311-590C-418E-B0EC-E709E777F8B9" authority="Belousov &amp; Kabak, 2021" authorityName="Belousov &amp; Kabak" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Yalongaphaenops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Yalongaphaenops erwini" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="197" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erwini" status="sp. nov.">Yalongaphaenops erwini</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="197">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Yalongaphaenops erwini gen. et sp. nov., holotype, habitus." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1044.62572.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/553384" pageId="0" pageNumber="197">Figures 1</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 2–6" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 2 - 6. Yalongaphaenops erwini gen. et sp. nov. 2 forebody 3 right mandible 4 - 6 microsculpture: 4 occiput 5 disc of pronotum 6 disc of elytra near suture." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1044.62572.figures2-6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/553385" pageId="0" pageNumber="197">, 2-6</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 7, 8" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 7, 8. Chaetotaxy of Yalongaphaenops erwini gen. et sp. nov. 7 holotype 8 paratype." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1044.62572.figures7-8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/553386" pageId="0" pageNumber="197">, 7, 8</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Map 1" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Map 1. Type locality of Yalongaphaenops erwini gen. et sp. nov. (yellow pushpin)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1044.62572.map1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/553388" pageId="0" pageNumber="197">,</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 9. Male genitalia of Yalongaphaenops erwini gen. et sp. nov. A lateral view (holotype) B dorsal view (paratype)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1044.62572.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/553387" pageId="0" pageNumber="197">, 9</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="197" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="197">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="197">
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2011-07-11" collectorName="Kabak" country="China" elevation="3805" latitude="28.2575" location="Mianning Town" longLatPrecision="20" longitude="101.730835" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sichuan Province" typeStatus="Holotype">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="197">
<typeStatus>Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
:
<collectingCountry name="China">China</collectingCountry>
• 1(1) male, with label data &quot;
<collectingCountry name="China">China</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion country="China" name="Sichuan">Sichuan Province</collectingRegion>
, SW
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2EF397CF51195E4989F4714A1871480E:44DB0A08F98B02B7ABE2296E1F02AB24" country="China" latitude="28.2575" longLatPrecision="20" longitude="101.730835" name="Mianning Town" stateProvince="Sichuan Province">Mianning Town</location>
;
<geoCoordinate degrees="28" direction="north" minutes="15" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="27" value="28.2575">28°15'27&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="101" direction="east" minutes="43" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="51" value="101.730835">101°43'51&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
; H =
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8049999999999997" unit="m" value="3805.0">
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8049999999999997" unit="m" value="3805.0">3805 m</quantity>
a.s.l.
</elevation>
;
<collectingDate value="2011-07-11">11.07.2011</collectingDate>
; Belousov &amp;
<collectorName>Kabak</collectorName>
leg.&quot; (ZIN).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="197">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="197">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="197">
<typeStatus>Paratypes</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
2(1) males (one male teneral) with same data as holotype (CBK).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="197" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="197">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="197">
Since
<taxonomicName lsidName="Y. erwini" pageId="0" pageNumber="197" rank="species" species="erwini">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="197">Y. erwini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
gen. et sp. nov. is the only known species of the genus, and it is difficult, for the moment, to give a consistent species diagnosis different from that of the genus. However, the combination of the highly specialized, barrel-like shape of pronotum with rather short appendages (antennae only marginally longer than elytra), and only one pair of pronotal setae may be of major importance for species identification.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="197" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="197">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="197">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="197">Body</emphasis>
length 5.15-5.21 mm. Forebody narrow, head slightly narrower and much longer than pronotum, elytra rather large, with distinct humeri and subconvex disk (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Yalongaphaenops erwini gen. et sp. nov., holotype, habitus." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1044.62572.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/553384" pageId="0" pageNumber="197">1</figureCitation>
). Legs and antennae thin and rather long. Amber-reddish with paler testaceous elytra and three or four distal antennomeres; 4-6 basal antennomeres rather dark. Legs reddish amber, with vaguely obscured femora; first tarsomere of all legs noticeably darker than the ultimate one, which is rather pale yellowish. Microsculpture of dorsum distinct, surface matte. Mesh pattern of microsculpture strongly varying on different parts of head from large shallow isodiametric cells on convex parts of frons and occiput (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 2–6" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 2 - 6. Yalongaphaenops erwini gen. et sp. nov. 2 forebody 3 right mandible 4 - 6 microsculpture: 4 occiput 5 disc of pronotum 6 disc of elytra near suture." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1044.62572.figures2-6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/553385" pageId="0" pageNumber="197">4</figureCitation>
), to markedly transverse coarse cells in impressed portions of head. Pronotum with rather regular microsculpture consisting of clearly transverse meshes (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 2–6" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 2 - 6. Yalongaphaenops erwini gen. et sp. nov. 2 forebody 3 right mandible 4 - 6 microsculpture: 4 occiput 5 disc of pronotum 6 disc of elytra near suture." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1044.62572.figures2-6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/553385" pageId="0" pageNumber="197">5</figureCitation>
). Microsculpture of elytra (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 2–6" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 2 - 6. Yalongaphaenops erwini gen. et sp. nov. 2 forebody 3 right mandible 4 - 6 microsculpture: 4 occiput 5 disc of pronotum 6 disc of elytra near suture." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1044.62572.figures2-6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/553385" pageId="0" pageNumber="197">6</figureCitation>
) more irregular, consisting of shallow very transverse cells, strongly varying in shape depending on their location in respect to striae and setiferous pores. Microsculpture of underside rather shallow, consisting of transverse meshes. Proportions of the body are given in Table
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Morphometric characteristics of Yalongaphaenops erwini gen. et sp. nov. Abbreviations: AL - length of antennae; BH - height of body, i. e., maximum thickness of abdomen with elytra in lateral view; EL - length of elytra; EW - width of elytra; HW - width of head; L 2 - length of antennomere 2; L 3 - length of antennomere 3; PA - width of pronotum between anterior angles; PB - width of pronotum at base; PL - length of pronotum; PW - maximum width of pronotum; TaL - length of hind tarsus; TiL - length of hind tibia; W 3 - width of antennomere 3; PSa - distance from anterior margin of pronotum to anterior lateral seta of pronotum; D 1 - distance from the scutellum apex to level of anterior discal setiferous pore of the left elytron; D 2 - distance from the scutellum apex to the level of posterior discal setiferous pore of the left elytron; D 3 - distance from the scutellum apex to the level of preapical setiferous pore of the left elytron; U 1 - 8 - distance from the scutellum apex to the level of the corresponding umbilicate pore of the left elytron." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/469A8617629560E766B633A2649288AE" pageId="0" pageNumber="197" tableUuid="469A8617629560E766B633A2649288AE">1</tableCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<caption ID-Table-UUID="469A8617629560E766B633A2649288AE" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/469A8617629560E766B633A2649288AE" pageId="0" pageNumber="197" start="Table 1" startId="T1">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="197">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="197">Table 1.</emphasis>
Morphometric characteristics of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Belousov &amp; Kabak" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Yalongaphaenops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Yalongaphaenops erwini" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="197" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erwini">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="197">Yalongaphaenops erwini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
gen. et sp. nov. Abbreviations: AL - length of antennae; BH - height of body, i.e., maximum thickness of abdomen with elytra in lateral view; EL - length of elytra; EW - width of elytra; HW - width of head; L2 - length of antennomere 2; L3 - length of antennomere 3; PA - width of pronotum between anterior angles; PB - width of pronotum at base; PL - length of pronotum; PW - maximum width of pronotum; TaL - length of hind tarsus; TiL - length of hind tibia; W3 - width of antennomere 3; PSa - distance from anterior margin of pronotum to anterior lateral seta of pronotum; D1 - distance from the scutellum apex to level of anterior discal setiferous pore of the left elytron; D2 - distance from the scutellum apex to the level of posterior discal setiferous pore of the left elytron; D3 - distance from the scutellum apex to the level of preapical setiferous pore of the left elytron; U1-8 - distance from the scutellum apex to the level of the corresponding umbilicate pore of the left elytron.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="197">
<table pageId="0" pageNumber="197">
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="197">
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="197" rowspan="1">Index</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="197" rowspan="1">Range</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="197" rowspan="1">Index</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="197" rowspan="1">Range</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="197" rowspan="1">Index</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="197" rowspan="1">Range</th>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="197">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="197" rowspan="1">PW/HW</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="197" rowspan="1">1.08-1.09</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="197" rowspan="1">L3/L2</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="197" rowspan="1">2.01-2.11</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="197" rowspan="1">
(U1/EL)
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
100
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="197" rowspan="1">11.9-13.0%</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="197">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="197" rowspan="1">EW/HW</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="197" rowspan="1">2.30-2.36</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="197" rowspan="1">EL/BH</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="197" rowspan="1">2.70-2.82</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="197" rowspan="1">
(U2/EL)
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
100
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="197" rowspan="1">17.0-18.3%</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="197">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="197" rowspan="1">PL/PW</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="197" rowspan="1">1.18</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="197" rowspan="1">TiL/TaL</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="197" rowspan="1">1.42-1.51</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="197" rowspan="1">
(U3/EL)
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
100
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="197" rowspan="1">21.4-24.0%</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="197">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="197" rowspan="1">
(PSa/PL)
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
100
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="197" rowspan="1">19.6-22.8%</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="197" rowspan="1">EL/EW</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="197" rowspan="1">1.64-1.66</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="197" rowspan="1">
(U4/EL)
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
100
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="197" rowspan="1">31.6-34.6%</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="197">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="197" rowspan="1">PW/PB</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="197" rowspan="1">1.47-1.50</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="197" rowspan="1">EW/PW</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="197" rowspan="1">2.13-2.16</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="197" rowspan="1">
(U5/EL)
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
100
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="197" rowspan="1">60.3-62.0%</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="197">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="197" rowspan="1">PA/PB</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="197" rowspan="1">1.05-1.12</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="197" rowspan="1">
(D1/EL)
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
100
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="197" rowspan="1">22.1-23.4</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="197" rowspan="1">
(U6/EL)
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
100
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="197" rowspan="1">69.1-70.2%</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="197">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="197" rowspan="1">AL/EL</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="197" rowspan="1">1.14-1.15</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="197" rowspan="1">
(D2/EL)
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
100
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="197" rowspan="1">51.9-52.3</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="197" rowspan="1">
(U7/EL)
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
100
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="197" rowspan="1">82.2-83.2%</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="197">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="197" rowspan="1">L3/W3</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="197" rowspan="1">3.65-4.10</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="197" rowspan="1">
(D3/EL)
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
100
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="197" rowspan="1">83.2-84.2</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="197" rowspan="1">
(U8/EL)
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
100
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="197" rowspan="1">90.0-90.1%</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="197">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="197">Head</emphasis>
(Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 2–6" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 2 - 6. Yalongaphaenops erwini gen. et sp. nov. 2 forebody 3 right mandible 4 - 6 microsculpture: 4 occiput 5 disc of pronotum 6 disc of elytra near suture." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1044.62572.figures2-6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/553385" pageId="0" pageNumber="197">2</figureCitation>
) very large, subparallel-sided, with maximum width markedly before mid-length, gradually narrowed posteriad. Frontal furrows incomplete, reaching approximately level of posterior supraorbital setae, unevenly arcuate and impressed, becoming deeper near clypeal and parietal impressions, the latter distinct. Usually two supraorbital pores on each side of head, in the holotype: two posterior supraorbital pores on the right side (thus, three pores on one side and two on the other); anterior supraorbital pore moderately foveolate, posterior one slightly so, located in lines barely convergent posteriorly (Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 7, 8" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 7, 8. Chaetotaxy of Yalongaphaenops erwini gen. et sp. nov. 7 holotype 8 paratype." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1044.62572.figures7-8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/553386" pageId="0" pageNumber="197">7</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 7, 8" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 7, 8. Chaetotaxy of Yalongaphaenops erwini gen. et sp. nov. 7 holotype 8 paratype." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1044.62572.figures7-8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/553386" pageId="0" pageNumber="197">8</figureCitation>
). Labrum subrectangular, distinctly transverse, its anterior margin nearly straight (lateral lobes barely produced), six setae. Mandibles rather short compared to head, more distinctly curved apically, tooth on the right one with rather long base, with proximal denticle much larger than others (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 2–6" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 2 - 6. Yalongaphaenops erwini gen. et sp. nov. 2 forebody 3 right mandible 4 - 6 microsculpture: 4 occiput 5 disc of pronotum 6 disc of elytra near suture." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1044.62572.figures2-6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/553385" pageId="0" pageNumber="197">3</figureCitation>
). Maxillary palpi long and slender, penultimate segment more than 1.5 times longer than two adjacent segments. Antennae long. The second antennomere is shortest, the third one the longest; antennomeres 4-10 becoming gradually shorter, beginning with antennomere 8 not longer than the first segment (scapus); antennomere 11 approximately as long as each of antennomeres 4 and 5 and clearly longer than antennomere 10. For ratios of second and third antennomeres see Table
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Morphometric characteristics of Yalongaphaenops erwini gen. et sp. nov. Abbreviations: AL - length of antennae; BH - height of body, i. e., maximum thickness of abdomen with elytra in lateral view; EL - length of elytra; EW - width of elytra; HW - width of head; L 2 - length of antennomere 2; L 3 - length of antennomere 3; PA - width of pronotum between anterior angles; PB - width of pronotum at base; PL - length of pronotum; PW - maximum width of pronotum; TaL - length of hind tarsus; TiL - length of hind tibia; W 3 - width of antennomere 3; PSa - distance from anterior margin of pronotum to anterior lateral seta of pronotum; D 1 - distance from the scutellum apex to level of anterior discal setiferous pore of the left elytron; D 2 - distance from the scutellum apex to the level of posterior discal setiferous pore of the left elytron; D 3 - distance from the scutellum apex to the level of preapical setiferous pore of the left elytron; U 1 - 8 - distance from the scutellum apex to the level of the corresponding umbilicate pore of the left elytron." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/469A8617629560E766B633A2649288AE" pageId="0" pageNumber="197" tableUuid="469A8617629560E766B633A2649288AE">1</tableCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="197">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="197">Pronotum</emphasis>
(Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 2–6" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 2 - 6. Yalongaphaenops erwini gen. et sp. nov. 2 forebody 3 right mandible 4 - 6 microsculpture: 4 occiput 5 disc of pronotum 6 disc of elytra near suture." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1044.62572.figures2-6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/553385" pageId="0" pageNumber="197">2</figureCitation>
) clearly longer than wide, moderately constricted to base, with lateral margins shortly rounded in apical fifth, then rectilinearly convergent posteriad, though more or less regularly undulated for most of their length, without distinct sinuation before hind angles. Basal margin rectilinear or slightly concave medially, obliquely truncate laterally. Front angles broadly rounded, barely produced beyond anterior margin, the latter nearly straight or slightly concave medially. Hind angles of pronotum not large but distinct, pointed apically, directed outwards and occasionally posteriad. Both lateral groove and lateral border continuous, becoming very subtle behind anterior lateral seta and slightly widened again toward hind angles (in posterior 4/10 of the length). Anterior lateral seta located at broadest point of pronotum, approximately in anterior fifth of length. Posterior seta absent (Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 7, 8" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 7, 8. Chaetotaxy of Yalongaphaenops erwini gen. et sp. nov. 7 holotype 8 paratype." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1044.62572.figures7-8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/553386" pageId="0" pageNumber="197">7</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 7, 8" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 7, 8. Chaetotaxy of Yalongaphaenops erwini gen. et sp. nov. 7 holotype 8 paratype." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1044.62572.figures7-8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/553386" pageId="0" pageNumber="197">8</figureCitation>
). Prebasal transverse impression rather shallow, especially so in median part, more sharply engraved in basal foveae which are rather small, clearly outlined and well impressed. Base of pronotum smooth, with a few shallow and irregular wrinkles. Apical transverse impression vague and shallow. Median line distinct, becoming much deeper at level of both apical and prebasal transverse impressions.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="197">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="197">Elytra</emphasis>
not large, but rather wide, with well-developed humeri and broadly rounded apex, their maximum width slightly behind mid-length. Preapical sinuation distinct. Lateral margins markedly reflexed, marginal groove rather wide. Basal slope of elytra with only first elytral stria well impressed. Parascutellar striole rudimentary, very short. Discal striation reduced: only striae 1 and 2 rather complete, stria 3 only partially traceable, usually more or less distinct between two discal setiferous pores, clearly extending beyond level of the second discal setiferous pores in one specimen, smooth or vaguely punctate. All interspaces flat. Anterior discal setiferous pore located at level slightly behind umbilicate pore 3 while the second one clearly before umbilicate pore 5 (Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 7, 8" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 7, 8. Chaetotaxy of Yalongaphaenops erwini gen. et sp. nov. 7 holotype 8 paratype." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1044.62572.figures7-8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/553386" pageId="0" pageNumber="197">7</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 7, 8" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 7, 8. Chaetotaxy of Yalongaphaenops erwini gen. et sp. nov. 7 holotype 8 paratype." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1044.62572.figures7-8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/553386" pageId="0" pageNumber="197">8</figureCitation>
). Preapical pore located in the apical cross at level near or behind umbilicate pore 7. Exterior pore of apical triangle markedly shifted inward and forward, being located at level near middle of the apical striole and equidistant between the latter and angulo-apical pore which is attached to marginal border and subequally distant from elytral suture and apical margin. Inner side of the apical triangle (formed by three apical pores including the preapical pore as a front summit) markedly convergent to the elytral suture posteriad. Apical slope with striae reduced: only stria 1 traceable though shallow, sometimes stria 2 extended posteriad beyond level of the preapical pore. Apical recurrent striole short, nearly straight, directed anteriad, without clear connection with any of discal striae. Umbilicate pore 1 located approximately at level of humerus. For detailed data on position of umbilicate pores see Table
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Morphometric characteristics of Yalongaphaenops erwini gen. et sp. nov. Abbreviations: AL - length of antennae; BH - height of body, i. e., maximum thickness of abdomen with elytra in lateral view; EL - length of elytra; EW - width of elytra; HW - width of head; L 2 - length of antennomere 2; L 3 - length of antennomere 3; PA - width of pronotum between anterior angles; PB - width of pronotum at base; PL - length of pronotum; PW - maximum width of pronotum; TaL - length of hind tarsus; TiL - length of hind tibia; W 3 - width of antennomere 3; PSa - distance from anterior margin of pronotum to anterior lateral seta of pronotum; D 1 - distance from the scutellum apex to level of anterior discal setiferous pore of the left elytron; D 2 - distance from the scutellum apex to the level of posterior discal setiferous pore of the left elytron; D 3 - distance from the scutellum apex to the level of preapical setiferous pore of the left elytron; U 1 - 8 - distance from the scutellum apex to the level of the corresponding umbilicate pore of the left elytron." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/469A8617629560E766B633A2649288AE" pageId="0" pageNumber="197" tableUuid="469A8617629560E766B633A2649288AE">1</tableCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="197">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="197">Metepisternite</emphasis>
clearly longer than wide. Abdominal ventrites shortly pubescent, each with two long paramedian setae (one on each side) and occasionally with still few shorter setae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="197">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="197">Legs</emphasis>
long and thin; front tibiae barely S-curved; middle tibiae nearly straight, only slightly curved near femoral joint; hind tibiae distinctly S-curved; all tibiae densely pubescent in distal third, middle and hind tibiae on inner surface, front tibiae on anterior and exterior surfaces. First tarsomere of posterior legs very long, not shorter than three following segments combined. Tarsomere 4 on pro- and mesotarsi possess a well-developed ventral tubercle furnished with hyaline appendage, the latter is narrow, curled apically, not reaching the apex of tarsomere 5. Male protarsi with two basal segments dilated: first tarsomere markedly elongate, with inner tooth not large but distinct, second tarsomere subquadrate, approximately as long as wide, with very small inner tooth. Both dilated basal segments of male protarsi with small and pairwise adhesive appendages beneath which are clearly shifted inwards and distally in first tarsomere and inwards and proximally in the second.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="197">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="197">Aedeagus</emphasis>
(Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 9. Male genitalia of Yalongaphaenops erwini gen. et sp. nov. A lateral view (holotype) B dorsal view (paratype)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1044.62572.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/553387" pageId="0" pageNumber="197">9</figureCitation>
) not large (especially compared with the body size), markedly curved, with elongate apical portion, curved ventrally. Sagittal crest small and poorly sclerotized. Basal orifice moderately emarginate. Endophallus armature well developed, heavily sclerotized, with a distinct mesh. Parameres slender, with rather narrow distal portions, left one slightly longer, with a small ventral apophysis, each paramere bearing 4 apical setae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="197">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="197">Female</emphasis>
: unknown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="197" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="197">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="197">
China, Sichuan Province, mountains on the right bank of the Yalongjiang River, in its largest bend located SW of Mianning City (Map
<figureCitation captionStart="Map 1" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Map 1. Type locality of Yalongaphaenops erwini gen. et sp. nov. (yellow pushpin)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1044.62572.map1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/553388" pageId="0" pageNumber="197">1</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1044.62572.map1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/553388" pageId="0" pageNumber="197" start="Map 1" startId="F4">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="197">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="197">Map 1.</emphasis>
Type locality of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Belousov &amp; Kabak" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Yalongaphaenops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Yalongaphaenops erwini" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="197" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erwini">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="197">Yalongaphaenops erwini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
gen. et sp. nov. (yellow pushpin).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="197" type="bionomics">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="197">Bionomics.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="197">
The species was found under deeply buried boulders and by splitting rocks near the entrance to a small cave with a creek flowing into it, in the upper forest zone (mostly coniferous tree species and deciduous shrubs) just below the treeline at an elevation of 3805 m a.s.l. (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 10. Typical biotope of Yalongaphaenops erwini gen. et sp. nov." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1044.62572.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/553389" pageId="0" pageNumber="197">10</figureCitation>
).
<taxonomicName authorityName="Belousov &amp; Kabak" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Yalongaphaenops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Yalongaphaenops erwini" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="197" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erwini">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="197">Yalongaphaenops erwini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
gen. et sp. nov. is the most high-altitude specialized semi-aphaenopsoid trechine beetle known so far. The area where it was collected shows many signs of carbonate lithology. Apart from the above species, some other depigmented carabids with partially reduced eyes were found here, including members of the genus
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Pterostichus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pterostichus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="197" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="197">Pterostichus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Bonelli, 1810 and one new cryptophilic species of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Jeannel" authorityYear="1923" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Agonotrechus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Agonotrechus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="197" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="197">Agonotrechus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Jeannel, 1923. Based on both its appearance and the habitat,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Belousov &amp; Kabak" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Yalongaphaenops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Yalongaphaenops erwini" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="197" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erwini">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="197">Yalongaphaenops erwini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. is a true hypogean species. In this respect, we prefer to follow S.-I.
<bibRefCitation author="Ueno, SI" journalOrPublisher="Special Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Coleopterology" pageId="0" pageNumber="197" pagination="1 - 30" refId="B25" refString="Ueno, SI, 1995. Half a century of subterranean explorations. Special Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Coleopterology 4: 1 - 30" title="Half a century of subterranean explorations." volume="4" year="1995">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Uéno">Ueno</normalizedToken>
(1995)
</bibRefCitation>
in his general approach to hypogean insects as well as M. Giachino and D. Vailati (2017) in avoiding, where possible, speleocentric terms like
<normalizedToken originalValue="“troglobitic”">&quot;troglobitic&quot;</normalizedToken>
. It is particularly the case of the species in question, which was collected rather close to the soil surface but at a high altitude and under humid, low-temperature conditions of the monsoon season. From the ecological standpoint, this finding is in line with our previous observations on the hypogean carabids in the Caucasus.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1044.62572.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/553389" pageId="0" pageNumber="197" start="Figure 10" startId="F6">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="197">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="197">Figure 10.</emphasis>
Typical biotope of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Belousov &amp; Kabak" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Yalongaphaenops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Yalongaphaenops erwini" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="197" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erwini">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="197">Yalongaphaenops erwini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
gen. et sp. nov.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="197" type="notes">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="197">Notes.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="197">
It was quite unexpected to find a highly specialized hypogean semi-aphaenopsoid species at an elevation exceeding 3800 m. Usually hypogean species are much more common at lower elevations, for example, the sweet spot of their biodiversity in the Caucasus is confined between 700 and 1300 m (
<bibRefCitation author="Belousov, I" journalOrPublisher="Pensoft Publishers, Series Faunistica, 8, Sofia - Moscow - St. Petersburg" pageId="0" pageNumber="197" refId="B1" refString="Belousov, I, 1998. Le complexe generique de Nannotrechus Winkler du Caucase et de la Crimee (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Trechini). Pensoft Publishers, Series Faunistica, 8, Sofia - Moscow - St. Petersburg" title="Le complexe generique de Nannotrechus Winkler du Caucase et de la Crimee (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Trechini)." year="1998">Belousov 1998</bibRefCitation>
). Much more seldomly, some hypogean species can be found there at lower or higher elevations. In the latter case, there are some taxa known so far exclusively from high elevations: the genus
<taxonomicName authorityName="Belousov &amp; Dolzhansky" authorityYear="1994" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Taniatrechus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Taniatrechus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="197" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="197">Taniatrechus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Belousov &amp; Dolzhanski, 1994 (entrances to the caves populated by this species are located clearly above treeline),
<taxonomicName authorityName="Komarov" authorityYear="1993" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Meganophthalmus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Meganophthalmus kravetzi" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="197" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kravetzi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="197">Meganophthalmus kravetzi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Komarov, 1993,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Belousov" authorityYear="1998" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Nannotrechus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nannotrechus (Abasorites) gracilipes" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="197" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gracilipes" subGenus="Abasorites">Nannotrechus (Abasorites) gracilipes</taxonomicName>
Belousov, 1998 and eastern species of the
<taxonomicName authority="Archinannotrechus" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Nannotrechus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="(Archinannotrechus) subsp. subgenus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="197" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Archinannotrechus">subgenus Archinannotrechus</taxonomicName>
Belousov, 1998 of the genus
<taxonomicName authorityName="Winkler" authorityYear="1926" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Nannotrechus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nannotrechus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="197" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="197">Nannotrechus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Winkler, 1926; all these taxa were found either in the upper forest belt not far from the treeline or even slightly above (
<bibRefCitation author="Belousov, I" journalOrPublisher="Pensoft Publishers, Series Faunistica, 8, Sofia - Moscow - St. Petersburg" pageId="0" pageNumber="197" refId="B1" refString="Belousov, I, 1998. Le complexe generique de Nannotrechus Winkler du Caucase et de la Crimee (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Trechini). Pensoft Publishers, Series Faunistica, 8, Sofia - Moscow - St. Petersburg" title="Le complexe generique de Nannotrechus Winkler du Caucase et de la Crimee (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Trechini)." year="1998">Belousov 1998</bibRefCitation>
). Likewise, in China, the highest biodiversity of hypogean
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bonelli" authorityYear="1810" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="197" rank="tribe" tribe="Trechini">Trechini</taxonomicName>
is recorded for lower mountains of southern China (e.g.,
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.564.6819" author="Tian, MY" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="197" pagination="121 - 156" refId="B23" refString="Tian, MY, Huang, S, Wang, X, Tang, M, 2016. Contributions to the knowledge of subterranean trechine beetles in southern China's karsts: five new genera (Insecta, Coleoptera, Carabidae, Trechinae). ZooKeys 564: 121 - 156, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.564.6819" title="Contributions to the knowledge of subterranean trechine beetles in southern China's karsts: five new genera (Insecta, Coleoptera, Carabidae, Trechinae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.564.6819" volume="564" year="2016">Tian et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
). In this ecological context, the discovery of
<taxonomicName lsidName="Y. erwini" pageId="0" pageNumber="197" rank="species" species="erwini">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="197">Y. erwini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
gen. et sp. nov. not far from treeline is consistent with the above data, except that the upper limit of the forest zone is located in the Tibetan plateau, including the Hengduan mountains as its eastern periphery, much higher than elsewhere in the Northern Hemisphere, with an impressive record of 4900 m documented for the southern part of Tibet (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1659/mrd.0792" author="Miehe, G" journalOrPublisher="Mountain Research Development" pageId="0" pageNumber="197" pagination="169 - 173" refId="B15" refString="Miehe, G, Miehe, S, Vogel, J, Sonam, C, Duo, L, 2007. Highest treeline in the Northern Hemisphere found in Southern Tibet. Mountain Research Development 27: 169 - 173, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1659/mrd.0792" title="Highest treeline in the Northern Hemisphere found in Southern Tibet." url="https://doi.org/10.1659/mrd.0792" volume="27" year="2007">Miehe et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
). In the area where
<taxonomicName lsidName="Y. erwini" pageId="0" pageNumber="197" rank="species" species="erwini">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="197">Y. erwini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
gen. et sp. nov. was collected, the upper limit of the forest varies from 3600 to 4100 m a.s.l. (Map
<figureCitation captionStart="Map 2" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Map 2. Relief map of the area nearby the type locality of Y. erwini gen. et sp. nov. The yellow line shows the closest distance to the upper forest limit" figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1044.62572.map2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/553390" pageId="0" pageNumber="197">2</figureCitation>
). Given the potential impact of livestock grazing and based on the uppermost tree stands forming part of the treeline ecotone (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2013.12.004" author="Miehe, G" journalOrPublisher="Quaternary Science Reviews" pageId="0" pageNumber="197" pagination="190 - 209" refId="B16" refString="Miehe, G, Miehe, S, Boehner, J, Kaiser, K, Hensen, I, Madsen, D, Liu, JQ, Opgenoorth, L, 2014. How old is the human footprint in the world's largest alpine ecosystem? A review of multiproxy records from the Tibetan Plateau from the ecologists' viewpoint. Quaternary Science Reviews 86: 190 - 209, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2013.12.004" title="How old is the human footprint in the world's largest alpine ecosystem? A review of multiproxy records from the Tibetan Plateau from the ecologists' viewpoint." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2013.12.004" volume="86" year="2014">Miehe et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
), the treeline here is supposed to be equal to approximately 4100 m a.s.l.. However, the type locality of
<taxonomicName lsidName="Y. erwini" pageId="0" pageNumber="197" rank="species" species="erwini">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="197">Y. erwini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
gen. et sp. nov. is situated only 50 m from (Map
<figureCitation captionStart="Map 2" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Map 2. Relief map of the area nearby the type locality of Y. erwini gen. et sp. nov. The yellow line shows the closest distance to the upper forest limit" figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1044.62572.map2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/553390" pageId="0" pageNumber="197">2</figureCitation>
) and 20-30 m below the adjacent timberline and the latter seems to be naturally bordered by a steep rocky ridge completely deprived of tree stands.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1044.62572.map2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/553390" pageId="0" pageNumber="197" start="Map 2" startId="F7">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="197">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="197">Map 2.</emphasis>
Relief map of the area nearby the type locality of
<taxonomicName lsidName="Y. erwini" pageId="0" pageNumber="197" rank="species" species="erwini">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="197">Y. erwini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
gen. et sp. nov. The yellow line shows the closest distance to the upper forest limit
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="197">
On the other hand, the treeline does not directly impact the distribution of soil-dwelling, let alone hypogean carabid species. This is particularly true for the above-mentioned highest treelines composed mostly of
<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Cupressaceae" genus="Juniperus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Juniperus" order="Pinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="197" phylum="Coniferophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="197">Juniperus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1659/mrd.0792" author="Miehe, G" journalOrPublisher="Mountain Research Development" pageId="0" pageNumber="197" pagination="169 - 173" refId="B15" refString="Miehe, G, Miehe, S, Vogel, J, Sonam, C, Duo, L, 2007. Highest treeline in the Northern Hemisphere found in Southern Tibet. Mountain Research Development 27: 169 - 173, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1659/mrd.0792" title="Highest treeline in the Northern Hemisphere found in Southern Tibet." url="https://doi.org/10.1659/mrd.0792" volume="27" year="2007">Miehe et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
) in southern Tibet. These tree species do not provide shade enough to harbor communities of mesophile carabids. In this regard, the fir forests and even broadleaved
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Ericaceae" genus="Rhododendron" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Rhododendron" order="Ericales" pageId="0" pageNumber="197" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="197">Rhododendron</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
shrubs are much more important in creating a suitable environment for many epigean carabid species. This influence is much less evident in relation to hypogean species, but it seems very likely that the latter occur closer to the soil surface under more humid conditions. Such types of forests depend mostly on the amount of precipitation and, in the Hengduan mountains, are typical to the east-exposed slopes which are more influenced by the monsoon. That is just the case of the area under consideration. Interestingly, the tall fir forest in the immediate vicinity of the type locality of
<taxonomicName lsidName="Y. erwini" pageId="0" pageNumber="197" rank="species" species="erwini">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="197">Y. erwini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
gen. et sp. nov. (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 11. Fir forest near collecting site of Yalongaphaenops erwini gen. et sp. nov." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1044.62572.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/553391" pageId="0" pageNumber="197">11</figureCitation>
) disintegrates very rapidly (over vertical limits of a few dozen meters) into small individual trees just as noted by
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1659/mrd.0792" author="Miehe, G" journalOrPublisher="Mountain Research Development" pageId="0" pageNumber="197" pagination="169 - 173" refId="B15" refString="Miehe, G, Miehe, S, Vogel, J, Sonam, C, Duo, L, 2007. Highest treeline in the Northern Hemisphere found in Southern Tibet. Mountain Research Development 27: 169 - 173, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1659/mrd.0792" title="Highest treeline in the Northern Hemisphere found in Southern Tibet." url="https://doi.org/10.1659/mrd.0792" volume="27" year="2007">Miehe et al. (2007)</bibRefCitation>
for the inner Himalayas of Bhutan.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1044.62572.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/553391" pageId="0" pageNumber="197" start="Figure 11" startId="F8">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="197">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="197">Figure 11.</emphasis>
Fir forest near collecting site of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Belousov &amp; Kabak" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Yalongaphaenops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Yalongaphaenops erwini" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="197" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erwini">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="197">Yalongaphaenops erwini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
gen. et sp. nov.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="197">
However, tall fir trees near the type locality of
<taxonomicName lsidName="Y. erwini" pageId="0" pageNumber="197" rank="species" species="erwini">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="197">Y. erwini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
gen. et sp. nov. met landscapes of the alpine zone in a sharp line and were directly exposed to clouds coming from open areas, catching moisture from the air as do screes and stony slopes in high mountains. The drip of the trees was particularly intensive in a narrow band along boundary of the forest resulting in a kind of permanent rain. The analogy with stony habitats was unexpectedly confirmed by the spatial distribution of some petrophilous and riparian carabids including members of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Nebria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nebria" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="197" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="197">Nebria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Latreille, 1802 and the highly specialized
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Leistus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leistus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="197" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="197">Leistus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Frölich">Froelich</normalizedToken>
, 1799 which were abundant on tree trunks in this band and completely missing elsewhere, even in stony biotopes and in the valley of a small creek.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="197">
In a sense, both the high-altitude occurrence of
<taxonomicName lsidName="Y. erwini" pageId="0" pageNumber="197" rank="species" species="erwini">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="197">Y. erwini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
gen. et sp. nov. and its ecosystem association could be interpreted in terms of the lee and mass elevation effects greatly influencing the vertical distribution of carabid beetles throughout the world (
<bibRefCitation author="Liebherr, JK" journalOrPublisher="Insects of Hawaii" pageId="0" pageNumber="197" pagination="1 - 494" refId="B14" refString="Liebherr, JK, Zimmerman, EC, 2000. Hawaiian Carabidae (Coleoptera), part 1: Introduction and tribe Platynini. Insects of Hawaii 16: 1 - 494" title="Hawaiian Carabidae (Coleoptera), part 1: Introduction and tribe Platynini." volume="16" year="2000">Liebherr and Zimmerman 2000</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0172939" author="Schmidt, J" journalOrPublisher="Quaternary Science Reviews" pageId="0" pageNumber="197" refId="B17" refString="Schmidt, J, Boehner, J, Brandl, R, Opgenoorth, L, 2017. Mass elevation and lee effects markedly lift the elevational distribution of ground beetles in the Himalaya-Tibet orogen. PLoS ONE 12(3): e0172939. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0172939" title="Mass elevation and lee effects markedly lift the elevational distribution of ground beetles in the Himalaya-Tibet orogen. PLoS ONE 12 (3): e 0172939." url="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0172939" year="2017">Schmidt et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="197">
The discovery of
<taxonomicName lsidName="Y. erwini" pageId="0" pageNumber="197" rank="species" species="erwini">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="197">Y. erwini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
gen. et sp. nov. significantly expands both the area and the altitudinal range where subterranean trechines are likely to be found, and suggests more field work is needed to explore their diversity in the entire Tibetan region within a wide range of altitudes.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="197" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="197">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="197">The species is named after Terry Erwin, the great American entomologist in recognition of his invaluable contribution to our knowledge of insect biodiversity as well as taxonomy, ecology, and evolution of carabid beetles.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</subSection>
</document>

167
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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.72.56223" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f61aa496-eaf5-4d9a-bcc3-e93e4f71bbd8" ID-PMC="PMC7481264" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-4049-72-43" ID-Pensoft-UUID="5243D130A7EF55F3856E1E3722F204D5" ID-PubMed="32963488" ModsDocID="1314-4049-72-43" checkinTime="1599126124911" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Pykaelae, Juha, Kantelinen, Annina &amp; Myllys, Leena" docDate="2020" docId="2EF3C19D181553D28038D87CF138CC61" docLanguage="en" docName="MycoKeys 72: 43-92" docOrigin="MycoKeys 72" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.72.56223" docTitle="Verrucaria cavernarum Pykaelae &amp; Myllys 2020, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="5243D130A7EF55F3856E1E3722F204D5" lastPageNumber="43" masterDocId="5243D130A7EF55F3856E1E3722F204D5" masterDocTitle="Taxonomy of Verrucaria species characterised by large spores, perithecia leaving pits in the rock and a pale thin thallus in Finland" masterLastPageNumber="92" masterPageNumber="43" pageNumber="43" updateTime="1668136534071" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>Taxonomy of Verrucaria species characterised by large spores, perithecia leaving pits in the rock and a pale thin thallus in Finland</mods:title>
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<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Pykaelae, Juha</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Biodiversity Centre, Finnish Environment Institute, Latokartanonkaari 11, 00790 Helsinki, Finland</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7566-9310</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">juha.pykala@ymparisto.fi</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Kantelinen, Annina</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Botanical Museum, Finnish Museum of Natural History, P. O. Box 7, FI- 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Myllys, Leena</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Botanical Museum, Finnish Museum of Natural History, P. O. Box 7, FI- 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9566-9473</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="167465752" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2EF3C19D181553D28038D87CF138CC61" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/2EF3C19D181553D28038D87CF138CC61" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
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<taxonomicName LSID="2EF3C19D-1815-53D2-8038-D87CF138CC61" authority="Pykälä &amp; Myllys" authorityName="Pykaelae &amp; Myllys" authorityYear="2020" class="Eurotiomycetes" family="Verrucariaceae" genus="Verrucaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Verrucaria cavernarum" order="Verrucariales" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="cavernarum" status="sp. nov.">
Verrucaria cavernarum
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pykälä">Pykaelae</normalizedToken>
&amp; Myllys
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="43">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 2. Habitus of the new Verrucaria species A V. bifurcata (holotype) B V. cavernarum (holotype) C V. difficilis (holotype) D V. fuscozonata (holotype) E V. kuusamoensis (holotype) F V. subdevergens (holotype) G V. vacillans (holotype). Scale bars: 1 mm (A-D), 0.5 mm (E-G)." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.72.56223.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/448799" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="43" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
Species morphologically somewhat similar to
<taxonomicName lsidName="V. subtilis" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="subtilis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">V. subtilis</emphasis>
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, ascospores slightly larger: (23-)25-30(-34)
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
(10-)11-13(-14) mm and the ITS sequence divergence between the species is 2.8-3.4%.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="43" type="holotype">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Holotype.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
Finland. Koillismaa, Kuusamo, Oulanka National Park, Mataraniemi, shore of Oulankajoki river, treeless stony river shore, on dolomite stones, 145 m alt.,
<geoCoordinate degrees="66" direction="north" minutes="22" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="66.36667">66°22'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="29" direction="east" minutes="20" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="29.333334">29°20'E</geoCoordinate>
, 26 Aug 2011, J.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pykälä">Pykaelae</normalizedToken>
45168 (H9205102, GenBank accession number: MT229725).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="43" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
Prothallus absent. Thallus grey to pale greyish-brown, endolithic or thinly epilithic, continuous, 20-80 mm thick, algal cells 5-8 mm. Perithecia 0.15-0.28 mm in diam., 1/2-1-immersed, leaving shallow to deep pits in the rock, often surrounded by thallus collar, few perithecia thinly thalline covered; 80-160 perithecia/ cm2. Ostiole inconspicuous, dark, plane or depressed. Involucrellum apical to covering half of the exciple, in one specimen also few longer involucrella almost reaching the exciple base level present, 30-60 mm thick, appressed to the exciple or slightly diverging from the exciple. Exciple 0.16-0.32 mm, wall dark brown or black, ca. 15-25 mm thick. Periphysoids (25-)30-40(-50)
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
1.5-2.5 mm, branching. Asci 8-spored. Ascospores 0-septate, two 1-septate spores seen in one specimen, (23.1-)25.1-27.5-29.8(-34.1)
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
(9.8-)10.7-11.6-12.6(-13.7) mm (n = 111), perispore 1 mm thick.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="43" type="habitat">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Habitat and distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
Two specimens of the species are from SW Finland and one specimen from NE Finland. The three sequenced specimens are from different kinds of habitats: dolomite stone on river shore (apparently periodically submerged), calcareous rock on seashore (perhaps not submerged) and in a lime quarry on pebbles. The species may prefer more humid (but preferably sun-exposed?) habitats than the other species in the
<taxonomicName lsidName="V. subtilis" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="subtilis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">V. subtilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
complex.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="43" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">The perithecia of the species leave shallow to deep pits in the rock when decayed.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="43" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Other specimens examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
Finland. Varsinais-Suomi, Raasepori (Karjaa), Knapsby, Mustio lime quarry, deciduous forest on lime quarry waste, on pebbles, 45 m alt.,
<geoCoordinate degrees="60" direction="north" minutes="10" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="60.166668">60°10'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="23" direction="east" minutes="49" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="23.816668">23°49'E</geoCoordinate>
, 2 July 2009, J.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pykälä">Pykaelae</normalizedToken>
34527 (H);
<normalizedToken originalValue="Länsi-Turunmaa">Laensi-Turunmaa</normalizedToken>
(
<normalizedToken originalValue="Iniö">Inioe</normalizedToken>
),
<normalizedToken originalValue="Söderby">Soederby</normalizedToken>
,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Biskopsö">Biskopsoe</normalizedToken>
island, calcareous rock outcrop on shore of the Baltic Sea, on N-slope, scarce, 7 m alt.,
<geoCoordinate degrees="60" direction="north" minutes="20" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="60.333332">60°20'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="21" direction="east" minutes="28" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="21.466667">21°28'E</geoCoordinate>
, 9 June 2010, J.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pykälä">Pykaelae</normalizedToken>
37975 (H).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="43" type="notes">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Notes.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
The species cannot be morphologically separated with certainty from the other species of the
<taxonomicName lsidName="V. subtilis" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="subtilis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">V. subtilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
complex. It is most difficult to separate from
<taxonomicName lsidName="V. subtilis" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="subtilis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">V. subtilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. On average,
<taxonomicName lsidName="V. cavernarum" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="cavernarum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">V. cavernarum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has slightly longer (mean 2.3 mm longer than in
<taxonomicName lsidName="V. subtilis" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="subtilis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">V. subtilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and broader (mean 1.1 mm broader than in
<taxonomicName lsidName="V. subtilis" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" rank="species" species="subtilis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">V. subtilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) spores and pale exciples have not been found.
</paragraph>
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</treatment>
</document>

661
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/36C84B84-3238-47F1-A201-4BC135FF6BE6" authority="Arias-Penna, sp. nov." class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Glyptapanteles" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Glyptapanteles hugokonsi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hugokonsi">Glyptapanteles hugokonsi Arias-Penna, sp. nov.</taxonomicName>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 103" captionStartId="F102" captionText="Figure 103. Glyptapanteles hugokonsi sp. nov. female 04 - SRNP- 2868 DHJPAR 0001496 A Habitus B Scutellum, metanotum, propodeum, dorsolateral view C T 1 - 3, dorsal view D Genitalia: hypopygium, ovipositor, ovipositor sheaths, lateral view E, F Metasoma E Dorsolateral view F Lateral view G, H Wings G Fore H Hind." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.890.35786.figure103" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/357201" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.890.35786.figure103">Figs 103</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 104" captionStartId="F103" captionText="Figure 104. Glyptapanteles hugokonsi sp. nov. male 04 - SRNP- 2868 DHJPAR 0001496 A Habitus B, E Head, mesosoma B Dorsolateral view E Lateral view C Metanotum, propodeum, laterodorsal view D T 1 - 2, dorsolateral view F Metasoma, lateral view D Genitalia: parameres, lateral view H Cocoons I, J Wings I Fore J Hind." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.890.35786.figure104" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/357202" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.890.35786.figure104">104</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Female.</paragraph>
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Body length
<quantity metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.37" unit="mm" value="237.0">2.37 mm</quantity>
, antenna length
<quantity metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" unit="mm" value="270.0">2.70 mm</quantity>
, fore wing length
<quantity metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.53" unit="mm" value="253.0">2.53 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type material.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2456368127" collectingDate="2004-06-21" collectingDateMax="2004-07-12" collectingDateMin="2004-06-21" collectionCode="CNC" collectorName="de Conservacion &amp; Carolina Cano" country="Costa Rica" county="Area de Conservacion" elevation="520" latitude="10.89021" location="Potrero Argentina" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-85.38803" municipality="Sector San Cristobal" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Guanacaste" typeStatus="holotype">
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<typeStatus>Holotype</typeStatus>
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:
<collectingCountry name="Costa Rica">COSTA RICA</collectingCountry>
•
<specimenCount type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
; 04-SRNP-2868, DHJPAR0001496;
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<collectorName>
de
<normalizedToken originalValue="Conservación">Conservacion</normalizedToken>
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,
<collectingRegion country="Costa Rica" name="Alajuela">Alajuela</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingMunicipality>
Sector San
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cristóbal">Cristobal</normalizedToken>
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,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2EF3E6E6A8AD93751C13E9EF9F2B1855:CE944BEE336CF528E46BD050AF9C5DAF" country="Costa Rica" county="Area de Conservacion" latitude="10.89021" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-85.38803" municipality="Sector San Cristobal" name="Potrero Argentina" stateProvince="Guanacaste">Potrero Argentina</location>
; pastures;
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.2" unit="m" value="520.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.2" unit="m" value="520.0">520 m</elevation>
</quantity>
;
<geoCoordinate degrees="10.89021" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="10.89021">10.89021</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="85.38803" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-85.38803">-85.38803</geoCoordinate>
;
<date value="2004-06-21">
<collectingDate value="2004-06-21">21.vi.2004</collectingDate>
</date>
;
<collectorName>Carolina Cano</collectorName>
leg.; caterpillar collected in fourth instar; brown or discolored cocoons stuffed in among the setae along the back of caterpillar, cocoons formed on
<date value="2004-07-12">
<collectingDate value="2004-07-12">12.vii.2004</collectingDate>
</date>
; adult parasitoids emerged on
<date value="2004-07-12">
<collectingDate value="2004-07-12">12.vii.2004</collectingDate>
</date>
; (
<collectionCode country="Canada" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/y2kv-9w3k" name="Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids, and Nematodes" type="">CNC</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2456368044" collectingDate="2019-01-01" collectingDateMax="2019-12-31" collectingDateMin="2019-01-01" collectionCode="CNC" collectorName="de Conservacion &amp; Carolina Cano" country="Costa Rica" county="Area de Conservacion" elevation="520" latitude="10.89021" location="Potrero Argentina" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-85.38803" municipality="Sector San Cristobal" specimenCount="94" specimenCount-female="87" specimenCount-male="7" stateProvince="Guanacaste" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<typeStatus>Paratypes</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
• 94 (
<specimenCount type="female">4♀</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount type="male">5♂</specimenCount>
) (
<specimenCount type="female">83♀</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount type="male">2♂</specimenCount>
); 04-SRNP-2868, DHJPAR0001496; same data as for holotype; (
<collectionCode country="Canada" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/y2kv-9w3k" name="Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids, and Nematodes" type="">CNC</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Other material.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Reared material.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2456368136" collectingDate="2004-06-21" collectorName="de Conservacion &amp; Carolina Cano" country="Costa Rica" county="Area de Conservacion" elevation="520" latitude="10.89021" location="Potrero Argentina" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-85.38803" municipality="Sector San Cristobal" specimenCount="23" specimenCount-female="18" specimenCount-male="4" stateProvince="Guanacaste">
<collectingCountry name="Costa Rica">COSTA RICA</collectingCountry>
:
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<collectingCounty>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Área">Area</normalizedToken>
<collectorName>
de
<normalizedToken originalValue="Conservación">Conservacion</normalizedToken>
</collectorName>
</collectingCounty>
<collectingRegion country="Costa Rica" name="Guanacaste">Guanacaste</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<collectingRegion country="Costa Rica" name="Alajuela">Alajuela</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<collectingMunicipality>
Sector San
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cristóbal">Cristobal</normalizedToken>
</collectingMunicipality>
</emphasis>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2EF3E6E6A8AD93751C13E9EF9F2B1855:8E169B0A9214870C2C5B78710A8B396C" country="Costa Rica" county="Area de Conservacion" latitude="10.89021" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-85.38803" municipality="Sector San Cristobal" name="Potrero Argentina" stateProvince="Guanacaste">Potrero Argentina</location>
</emphasis>
: • 20 (
<specimenCount type="female">4♀</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount type="male">4♂</specimenCount>
) (
<specimenCount type="female">14♀</specimenCount>
, 0
<specimenCount>♂</specimenCount>
); 04-SRNP-2869, DHJPAR0001472; pastures;
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.2" unit="m" value="520.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.2" unit="m" value="520.0">520 m</elevation>
</quantity>
;
<geoCoordinate degrees="10.89021" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="10.89021">10.89021</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="85.38803" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-85.38803">-85.38803</geoCoordinate>
;
<date value="2004-06-21">
<collectingDate value="2004-06-21">21.vi.2004</collectingDate>
</date>
;
<collectorName>Carolina Cano</collectorName>
leg.
</materialsCitation>
; caterpillar collected in third instar; cocoons formed on
<date value="2004-06-28">28.vi.2004</date>
; adult parasitoids emerged on
<date value="2004-07-07">07.vii.2004</date>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Área">Area</normalizedToken>
de
<normalizedToken originalValue="Conservación">Conservacion</normalizedToken>
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2456368139" collectingDate="2009-06-25" collectorName="Noe Castillo" elevation="491" latitude="10.94741" location="Flecha" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-85.31501" municipality="Sector Rincon Rain Forest" specimenCount="35" specimenCount-female="31" specimenCount-male="3" stateProvince="Guanacaste, Alajuela">
<collectingRegion isEnumeration="true">
Guanacaste,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Alajuela</emphasis>
</collectingRegion>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<collectingMunicipality>
Sector
<normalizedToken originalValue="Rincón">Rincon</normalizedToken>
Rain Forest
</collectingMunicipality>
</emphasis>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2EF3E6E6A8AD93751C13E9EF9F2B1855:8D52B472F2520F66E61253B660043216" latitude="10.94741" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-85.31501" municipality="Sector Rincon Rain Forest" name="Flecha" stateProvince="Guanacaste, Alajuela">Flecha</location>
</emphasis>
: • 34 (
<specimenCount type="female">3♀</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount type="male">3♂</specimenCount>
) (
<specimenCount type="female">28♀</specimenCount>
, 0
<specimenCount>♂</specimenCount>
); 09-SRNP-69395, DHJPAR0039964;
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.91" unit="m" value="491.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.91" unit="m" value="491.0">491 m</elevation>
</quantity>
;
<geoCoordinate degrees="10.94741" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="10.94741">10.94741</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="85.31501" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-85.31501">-85.31501</geoCoordinate>
;
<date value="2009-06-25">
<collectingDate value="2009-06-25">25.vi.2009</collectingDate>
</date>
;
<collectorName>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Noé">Noe</normalizedToken>
Castillo
</collectorName>
leg.
</materialsCitation>
</emphasis>
; caterpillar collected in third instar; cocoons all over the back of the cadaver rotted of caterpillar, cocoons formed on
<date value="2009-07-05">05.vii.2009</date>
; adult parasitoids emerged on
<date value="2009-07-12">12.vii.2009</date>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Área">Area</normalizedToken>
de
<normalizedToken originalValue="Conservación">Conservacion</normalizedToken>
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2456368052" collectingDate="2011-07-26" collectorName="Duvalier Briceno" elevation="320" latitude="11.01227" location="Guanacaste, Alajuela" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-85.34929" specimenCount="65" specimenCount-female="60" specimenCount-male="5" stateProvince="Guanacaste, Alajuela">
<collectingRegion isEnumeration="true">
Guanacaste,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Alajuela</emphasis>
</collectingRegion>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Sector Brasilia</emphasis>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Moga</emphasis>
: • 65 (
<specimenCount type="female">3♀</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount type="male">3♂</specimenCount>
) (
<specimenCount type="female">57♀</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount type="male">2♂</specimenCount>
); 11-SRNP-65725, DHJPAR0045133; rain forest;
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" unit="m" value="320.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" unit="m" value="320.0">320 m</elevation>
</quantity>
;
<geoCoordinate degrees="11.01227" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="11.01227">11.01227</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="85.34929" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-85.34929">-85.34929</geoCoordinate>
;
<date value="2011-07-26">
<collectingDate value="2011-07-26">26.vii.2011</collectingDate>
</date>
;
<collectorName>
Duvalier
<normalizedToken originalValue="Briceño">Briceno</normalizedToken>
</collectorName>
leg.
</materialsCitation>
</emphasis>
; caterpillar collected in fourth instar; cocoons formed on
<date value="2011-08-06">06.viii.2011</date>
; adult parasitoids emerged on
<date value="2011-08-09">09.viii.2011</date>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Malaise-trapped material.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2456368041" collectingDate="2008-04-30" collectorName="de Conservacion &amp; DH Janzen &amp; W Hallwachs" country="Costa Rica" county="Area de Conservacion" elevation="500" latitude="10.90037" location="Rio Blanco Abajo" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-85.37254" municipality="Sector San Cristobal" specimenCount="4" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Guanacaste">
<collectingCountry name="Costa Rica">COSTA RICA</collectingCountry>
:
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<collectingCounty>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Área">Area</normalizedToken>
<collectorName>
de
<normalizedToken originalValue="Conservación">Conservacion</normalizedToken>
</collectorName>
</collectingCounty>
<collectingRegion country="Costa Rica" name="Guanacaste">Guanacaste</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<collectingRegion country="Costa Rica" name="Alajuela">Alajuela</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<collectingMunicipality>
Sector San
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cristóbal">Cristobal</normalizedToken>
</collectingMunicipality>
</emphasis>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2EF3E6E6A8AD93751C13E9EF9F2B1855:7D93694033790CA4179899A9C61833EB" country="Costa Rica" county="Area de Conservacion" latitude="10.90037" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-85.37254" municipality="Sector San Cristobal" name="Rio Blanco Abajo" stateProvince="Guanacaste">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
Blanco Abajo
</location>
</emphasis>
: • 1 (
<specimenCount type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
, 0
<specimenCount>♂</specimenCount>
) (0
<specimenCount>♀</specimenCount>
, 0
<specimenCount>♂</specimenCount>
); 08-SRNP-3656, DHJPAR0027237;
<collectingMethod>Malaise trap</collectingMethod>
; rain forest;
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" unit="m" value="500.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" unit="m" value="500.0">500 m</elevation>
</quantity>
;
<geoCoordinate degrees="10.90037" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="10.90037">10.90037</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="85.37254" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-85.37254">-85.37254</geoCoordinate>
;
<date value="2008-04-30">
<collectingDate value="2008-04-30">30.iv.2008</collectingDate>
</date>
;
<collectorName>DH Janzen</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName>W Hallwachs</collectorName>
leg.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Vertex in lateral view rounded (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 104" captionStartId="F103" captionText="Figure 104. Glyptapanteles hugokonsi sp. nov. male 04 - SRNP- 2868 DHJPAR 0001496 A Habitus B, E Head, mesosoma B Dorsolateral view E Lateral view C Metanotum, propodeum, laterodorsal view D T 1 - 2, dorsolateral view F Metasoma, lateral view D Genitalia: parameres, lateral view H Cocoons I, J Wings I Fore J Hind." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.890.35786.figure104" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/357202" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.890.35786.figure104">Fig. 104E</figureCitation>
), scutellum in profile flat and on same plane as mesoscutum (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 104" captionStartId="F103" captionText="Figure 104. Glyptapanteles hugokonsi sp. nov. male 04 - SRNP- 2868 DHJPAR 0001496 A Habitus B, E Head, mesosoma B Dorsolateral view E Lateral view C Metanotum, propodeum, laterodorsal view D T 1 - 2, dorsolateral view F Metasoma, lateral view D Genitalia: parameres, lateral view H Cocoons I, J Wings I Fore J Hind." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.890.35786.figure104" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/357202" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.890.35786.figure104">Fig. 104E</figureCitation>
), scutellar punctation indistinct throughout (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 103" captionStartId="F102" captionText="Figure 103. Glyptapanteles hugokonsi sp. nov. female 04 - SRNP- 2868 DHJPAR 0001496 A Habitus B Scutellum, metanotum, propodeum, dorsolateral view C T 1 - 3, dorsal view D Genitalia: hypopygium, ovipositor, ovipositor sheaths, lateral view E, F Metasoma E Dorsolateral view F Lateral view G, H Wings G Fore H Hind." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.890.35786.figure103" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/357201" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.890.35786.figure103">Figs 103B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 104" captionStartId="F103" captionText="Figure 104. Glyptapanteles hugokonsi sp. nov. male 04 - SRNP- 2868 DHJPAR 0001496 A Habitus B, E Head, mesosoma B Dorsolateral view E Lateral view C Metanotum, propodeum, laterodorsal view D T 1 - 2, dorsolateral view F Metasoma, lateral view D Genitalia: parameres, lateral view H Cocoons I, J Wings I Fore J Hind." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.890.35786.figure104" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/357202" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.890.35786.figure104">104B</figureCitation>
), anteroventral contour of mesopleuron straight/angulate or nearly so (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 103" captionStartId="F102" captionText="Figure 103. Glyptapanteles hugokonsi sp. nov. female 04 - SRNP- 2868 DHJPAR 0001496 A Habitus B Scutellum, metanotum, propodeum, dorsolateral view C T 1 - 3, dorsal view D Genitalia: hypopygium, ovipositor, ovipositor sheaths, lateral view E, F Metasoma E Dorsolateral view F Lateral view G, H Wings G Fore H Hind." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.890.35786.figure103" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/357201" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.890.35786.figure103">Figs 103A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 104" captionStartId="F103" captionText="Figure 104. Glyptapanteles hugokonsi sp. nov. male 04 - SRNP- 2868 DHJPAR 0001496 A Habitus B, E Head, mesosoma B Dorsolateral view E Lateral view C Metanotum, propodeum, laterodorsal view D T 1 - 2, dorsolateral view F Metasoma, lateral view D Genitalia: parameres, lateral view H Cocoons I, J Wings I Fore J Hind." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.890.35786.figure104" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/357202" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.890.35786.figure104">104A, E</figureCitation>
), distal antennal flagellomere subequal in length with penultimate, propodeal spiracle without distal carina (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 103" captionStartId="F102" captionText="Figure 103. Glyptapanteles hugokonsi sp. nov. female 04 - SRNP- 2868 DHJPAR 0001496 A Habitus B Scutellum, metanotum, propodeum, dorsolateral view C T 1 - 3, dorsal view D Genitalia: hypopygium, ovipositor, ovipositor sheaths, lateral view E, F Metasoma E Dorsolateral view F Lateral view G, H Wings G Fore H Hind." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.890.35786.figure103" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/357201" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.890.35786.figure103">Figs 103B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 104" captionStartId="F103" captionText="Figure 104. Glyptapanteles hugokonsi sp. nov. male 04 - SRNP- 2868 DHJPAR 0001496 A Habitus B, E Head, mesosoma B Dorsolateral view E Lateral view C Metanotum, propodeum, laterodorsal view D T 1 - 2, dorsolateral view F Metasoma, lateral view D Genitalia: parameres, lateral view H Cocoons I, J Wings I Fore J Hind." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.890.35786.figure104" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/357202" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.890.35786.figure104">104B, C</figureCitation>
), scutellum in profile flat and on same plane as mesoscutum (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 104" captionStartId="F103" captionText="Figure 104. Glyptapanteles hugokonsi sp. nov. male 04 - SRNP- 2868 DHJPAR 0001496 A Habitus B, E Head, mesosoma B Dorsolateral view E Lateral view C Metanotum, propodeum, laterodorsal view D T 1 - 2, dorsolateral view F Metasoma, lateral view D Genitalia: parameres, lateral view H Cocoons I, J Wings I Fore J Hind." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.890.35786.figure104" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/357202" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.890.35786.figure104">Fig. 104E</figureCitation>
), fore wing with 2RS slightly convex, outer side of junction of r and 2RS veins not forming a stub (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 103" captionStartId="F102" captionText="Figure 103. Glyptapanteles hugokonsi sp. nov. female 04 - SRNP- 2868 DHJPAR 0001496 A Habitus B Scutellum, metanotum, propodeum, dorsolateral view C T 1 - 3, dorsal view D Genitalia: hypopygium, ovipositor, ovipositor sheaths, lateral view E, F Metasoma E Dorsolateral view F Lateral view G, H Wings G Fore H Hind." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.890.35786.figure103" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/357201" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.890.35786.figure103">Figs 103G</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 104" captionStartId="F103" captionText="Figure 104. Glyptapanteles hugokonsi sp. nov. male 04 - SRNP- 2868 DHJPAR 0001496 A Habitus B, E Head, mesosoma B Dorsolateral view E Lateral view C Metanotum, propodeum, laterodorsal view D T 1 - 2, dorsolateral view F Metasoma, lateral view D Genitalia: parameres, lateral view H Cocoons I, J Wings I Fore J Hind." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.890.35786.figure104" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/357202" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.890.35786.figure104">104I</figureCitation>
), and lateral grooves delimiting the median area on T2 distally losing definition (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 103" captionStartId="F102" captionText="Figure 103. Glyptapanteles hugokonsi sp. nov. female 04 - SRNP- 2868 DHJPAR 0001496 A Habitus B Scutellum, metanotum, propodeum, dorsolateral view C T 1 - 3, dorsal view D Genitalia: hypopygium, ovipositor, ovipositor sheaths, lateral view E, F Metasoma E Dorsolateral view F Lateral view G, H Wings G Fore H Hind." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.890.35786.figure103" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/357201" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.890.35786.figure103">Figs 103C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 104" captionStartId="F103" captionText="Figure 104. Glyptapanteles hugokonsi sp. nov. male 04 - SRNP- 2868 DHJPAR 0001496 A Habitus B, E Head, mesosoma B Dorsolateral view E Lateral view C Metanotum, propodeum, laterodorsal view D T 1 - 2, dorsolateral view F Metasoma, lateral view D Genitalia: parameres, lateral view H Cocoons I, J Wings I Fore J Hind." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.890.35786.figure104" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/357202" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.890.35786.figure104">104D</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.890.35786.figure103" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/357201" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 103" startId="F102">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 103.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Glyptapanteles" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Glyptapanteles hugokonsi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hugokonsi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Glyptapanteles hugokonsi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. female 04-SRNP-2868 DHJPAR0001496
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
Habitus
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
Scutellum, metanotum, propodeum, dorsolateral view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
T1-3, dorsal view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
Genitalia: hypopygium, ovipositor, ovipositor sheaths, lateral view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E, F</emphasis>
Metasoma
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
Dorsolateral view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
Lateral view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G, H</emphasis>
Wings
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G</emphasis>
Fore
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H</emphasis>
Hind.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.890.35786.figure104" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/357202" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 104" startId="F103">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 104.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Glyptapanteles" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Glyptapanteles hugokonsi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hugokonsi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Glyptapanteles hugokonsi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. male 04-SRNP-2868 DHJPAR0001496
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
Habitus
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B, E</emphasis>
Head, mesosoma
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
Dorsolateral view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
Lateral view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
Metanotum, propodeum, laterodorsal view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
T1-2, dorsolateral view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
Metasoma, lateral view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
Genitalia: parameres, lateral view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H</emphasis>
Cocoons
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">I, J</emphasis>
Wings
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">I</emphasis>
Fore
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">J</emphasis>
Hind.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="coloration">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Coloration</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
(
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 103" captionStartId="F102" captionText="Figure 103. Glyptapanteles hugokonsi sp. nov. female 04 - SRNP- 2868 DHJPAR 0001496 A Habitus B Scutellum, metanotum, propodeum, dorsolateral view C T 1 - 3, dorsal view D Genitalia: hypopygium, ovipositor, ovipositor sheaths, lateral view E, F Metasoma E Dorsolateral view F Lateral view G, H Wings G Fore H Hind." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.890.35786.figure103" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/357201" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.890.35786.figure103">Fig. 103A</figureCitation>
). General body coloration dark brown except scape, pedicel, labrum, and mandibles yellow-brown; first four proximal antennal flagellomeres dorsally lighter (light brown) than ventrally (dark brown), remaining flagellomeres brown on both sides; glossa, maxillary and labial palps, and tegulae yellow. Fore and middle legs yellow except coxae light brown (inner side yellow), and claws brown; hind legs yellow except dark brown coxae, apex of femora, distal half of tibiae, and tarsomeres brown. Petiole on T1 reddish brown, contours darkened and sublateral areas yellow-brown; T2 with median and adjacent areas brown and lateral ends yellow-brown; T3 and beyond completely brown; distally each tergum with a narrow yellowish transparent band. In lateral view, T1-2 completely yellow; T3 yellow, dorsally brown; T4 and beyond completely brown. S1-2 completely yellow; S3 yellow, medially with a small brown area; S4 yellow, medially brown, distally with a wide brown band; penultimate sternum and hypopygium completely brown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Head</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 103" captionStartId="F102" captionText="Figure 103. Glyptapanteles hugokonsi sp. nov. female 04 - SRNP- 2868 DHJPAR 0001496 A Habitus B Scutellum, metanotum, propodeum, dorsolateral view C T 1 - 3, dorsal view D Genitalia: hypopygium, ovipositor, ovipositor sheaths, lateral view E, F Metasoma E Dorsolateral view F Lateral view G, H Wings G Fore H Hind." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.890.35786.figure103" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/357201" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.890.35786.figure103">Fig. 103A</figureCitation>
). Head rounded with pubescence long and dense. Proximal three antennal flagellomeres longer than wide (0.20:0.06, 0.20:0.06, 0.20:0.06), distal antennal flagellomere subequal in length with penultimate (0.11:0.05, 0.10:0.05), antenna longer than body (2.70, 2.37); antennal scrobes-frons shallow. Face flat or nearly so, with dense fine punctations, interspaces with microsculpture and longitudinal median carina present. Frons smooth. Temple wide, punctate and interspaces with microsculpture. Inner margin of eyes diverging slightly at antennal sockets; in lateral view, eye anteriorly convex and posteriorly straight. POL shorter than OOL (0.10, 0.12). Malar suture absent or difficult to see. Median area between lateral ocelli without depression. Vertex laterally rounded and dorsally wide.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Mesosoma</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 103" captionStartId="F102" captionText="Figure 103. Glyptapanteles hugokonsi sp. nov. female 04 - SRNP- 2868 DHJPAR 0001496 A Habitus B Scutellum, metanotum, propodeum, dorsolateral view C T 1 - 3, dorsal view D Genitalia: hypopygium, ovipositor, ovipositor sheaths, lateral view E, F Metasoma E Dorsolateral view F Lateral view G, H Wings G Fore H Hind." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.890.35786.figure103" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/357201" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.890.35786.figure103">Fig. 103A, B</figureCitation>
). Mesosoma dorsoventrally convex. Mesoscutum proximally convex and distally flat with punctation distinct throughout, interspaces with microsculpture. Scutellum triangular, apex sloped and fused with
<collectionCode>BS</collectionCode>
, scutellar punctation indistinct throughout, in profile scutellum flat and on same plane as mesoscutum, phragma of the scutellum partially exposed;
<collectionCode>BS</collectionCode>
only very partially overlapping the
<collectionCode country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/7hds-psx6" name="Milwaukee Public Museum" type="Museum">MPM</collectionCode>
;
<collectionCode>ATS</collectionCode>
demilune with short stubs delineating the area; dorsal
<collectionCode>ATS</collectionCode>
groove smooth. Transscutal articulation with small and heterogeneous foveae, area just behind transscutal articulation with a smooth and shiny sloped transverse strip. Metanotum with
<collectionCode country="United Kingdom" name="Bristol Museum">BM</collectionCode>
wider than
<collectionCode>PFM</collectionCode>
(clearly differentiated);
<collectionCode country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/7hds-psx6" name="Milwaukee Public Museum" type="Museum">MPM</collectionCode>
circular and bisected by a median longitudinal carina;
<collectionCode>AFM</collectionCode>
without setiferous lobes and not as well delineated as
<collectionCode>PFM</collectionCode>
;
<collectionCode>PFM</collectionCode>
thick and smooth; ATM proximally with semircular/undulate carina and distally smooth. Propodeum relatively polished without median longitudinal carina, proximal half curved; distal edge of propodeum with a flange at each side and without stubs; propodeal spiracle without distal carina; nucha surrounded by very short radiating carinae. Pronotum with a distinct dorsal furrow, dorsally with a well-defined smooth band; central area of pronotum smooth, but both dorsal and ventral furrows with short parallel carinae. Propleuron with fine rugae and dorsally with a carina. Metasternum flat or nearly so. Contour of mesopleuron straight/angulate or nearly so; precoxal groove deep and with faintly transverse lineate sculpture; epicnemial ridge elongated more fusiform (tapering at both ends).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Legs.</emphasis>
Ventral margin of fore telotarsus entire, but with a tiny curved seta, fore telotarsus almost same width throughout and longer than fourth tarsomere (0.12, 0.08). Hind coxa with punctation only on ventral surface and dorsal outer depression present. Inner spur of hind tibia longer than outer spur (0.21, 0.17), entire surface of hind tibia with dense strong spines clearly differentiated by color and length. Hind telotarsus longer than fourth tarsomere (0.14, 0.11).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Wings</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 103" captionStartId="F102" captionText="Figure 103. Glyptapanteles hugokonsi sp. nov. female 04 - SRNP- 2868 DHJPAR 0001496 A Habitus B Scutellum, metanotum, propodeum, dorsolateral view C T 1 - 3, dorsal view D Genitalia: hypopygium, ovipositor, ovipositor sheaths, lateral view E, F Metasoma E Dorsolateral view F Lateral view G, H Wings G Fore H Hind." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.890.35786.figure103" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/357201" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.890.35786.figure103">Fig. 103G, H</figureCitation>
). Fore wing with r vein curved; 2RS vein slightly convex to convex; r and 2RS veins forming a weak, even curve at their junction and outer side of junction not forming a stub; 2M vein slightly curved/swollen; distally fore wing [where spectral veins are] with microtrichiae more densely concentrated than the rest of the wing; anal cell 1/3 proximally lacking microtrichiae; subbasal cell with a small smooth area; vein 2CUa absent and vein 2CUb spectral; vein 2 cu-a absent; vein 2-1A proximally tubular and distally spectral, although sometimes difficult to see; tubular vein 1 cu-a curved and complete, but junction with 1-1A vein spectral. Hind wing with vannal lobe narrow, subdistally and subproximally straightened, and setae present only proximally.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Metasoma</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 103" captionStartId="F102" captionText="Figure 103. Glyptapanteles hugokonsi sp. nov. female 04 - SRNP- 2868 DHJPAR 0001496 A Habitus B Scutellum, metanotum, propodeum, dorsolateral view C T 1 - 3, dorsal view D Genitalia: hypopygium, ovipositor, ovipositor sheaths, lateral view E, F Metasoma E Dorsolateral view F Lateral view G, H Wings G Fore H Hind." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.890.35786.figure103" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/357201" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.890.35786.figure103">
Fig. 103A,
<normalizedToken originalValue="C–F">C-F</normalizedToken>
</figureCitation>
). Metasoma laterally compressed. Petiole on T1 completely smooth and polished, with faint, satin-like sheen, parallel-sided in proximal half and then narrowing (length 0.30, maximum width 0.15, minimum width 0.07), and with scattered pubescence concentrated in the first distal third. Lateral grooves delimiting the median area on T2 distally losing definition (length median area 0.11, length T2 0.15), edges of median area polished and lateral grooves deep, median area broader than long (length 0.11, maximum width 0.15, minimum width 0.05); T2 with scattered pubescence only distally. T3 longer than T2 (0.19, 0.15) and with scattered pubescence throughout. Pubescence on hypopygium scattered.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cocoons</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 104" captionStartId="F103" captionText="Figure 104. Glyptapanteles hugokonsi sp. nov. male 04 - SRNP- 2868 DHJPAR 0001496 A Habitus B, E Head, mesosoma B Dorsolateral view E Lateral view C Metanotum, propodeum, laterodorsal view D T 1 - 2, dorsolateral view F Metasoma, lateral view D Genitalia: parameres, lateral view H Cocoons I, J Wings I Fore J Hind." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.890.35786.figure104" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/357202" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.890.35786.figure104">Fig. 104H</figureCitation>
). White or brown oval cocoons with silk fibers evenly smooth. Cocoons in among the setae along the back of caterpillar.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="male">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Male</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
(
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 104" captionStartId="F103" captionText="Figure 104. Glyptapanteles hugokonsi sp. nov. male 04 - SRNP- 2868 DHJPAR 0001496 A Habitus B, E Head, mesosoma B Dorsolateral view E Lateral view C Metanotum, propodeum, laterodorsal view D T 1 - 2, dorsolateral view F Metasoma, lateral view D Genitalia: parameres, lateral view H Cocoons I, J Wings I Fore J Hind." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.890.35786.figure104" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/357202" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.890.35786.figure104">
Fig. 104
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–J">A-J</normalizedToken>
</figureCitation>
). Similar in coloration to female. The mesosoma is stouter than females.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Hugo L. Kons Jr. is a retired Lepidopterologist at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI,
<collectingCountry name="United States of America">USA</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Parasitized caterpillars were collected in
<collectingCountry name="Costa Rica">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
, ACG, Sector Brasilia (Moga), Sector
<normalizedToken originalValue="Rincón">Rincon</normalizedToken>
Rain Forest (Flecha), and Sector
<collectingCountry name="Saint Kitts and Nevis">
San
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cristóbal">Cristobal</normalizedToken>
</collectingCountry>
(Potrero
<collectingCountry name="Argentina">Argentina</collectingCountry>
), during
<date value="2004-06">June 2004</date>
and 2009 at
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" unit="m" value="320.0">320 m</quantity>
,
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.91" unit="m" value="491.0">491 m</quantity>
, and
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.2" unit="m" value="520.0">520 m</quantity>
in grassland and rain forest.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Adult parasitoid was collected in
<collectingCountry name="Costa Rica">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
, ACG, Sector
<collectingCountry name="Saint Kitts and Nevis">
San
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cristóbal">Cristobal</normalizedToken>
</collectingCountry>
(
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
Blanco Abajo), during
<date value="2008-04">April 2008</date>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Biology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">The lifestyle of this parasitoid species is gregarious.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="host">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Host.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Bombycidae" genus="Olceclostera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Olceclostera amoria" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amoria">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Olceclostera amoria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Druce (
<taxonomicName family="Apatelodidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="family">Apatelodidae</taxonomicName>
) feeding on
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Gmelina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Gmelina arborea" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arborea">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Gmelina arborea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, introduced species, (
<taxonomicName family="Verbenaceae" lsidName="Vespoidea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="family">Verbenaceae</taxonomicName>
),
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Pleonotoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pleonotoma variabilis" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="variabilis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pleonotoma variabilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Amphilophium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Amphilophium paniculatum" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="paniculatum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Amphilophium paniculatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName family="Bignoniaceae" lsidName="Vespoidea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="family">Bignoniaceae</taxonomicName>
). Caterpillars were collected in third and fourth instar.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.245.3416" ID-PMC="PMC3577090" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-245-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="FFFF52503A0AFF882450FFB66D45FF8E" ID-PubMed="23431087" ID-Zenodo-Dep="578462" ModsDocID="1313-2970-245-1" checkinTime="1425642919252" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Bousquet, Yves" docDate="2012" docId="2EF3F802CAB399DC499C8D00823A1A20" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 245: 1-1722" docOrigin="ZooKeys 245" docPubDate="2012-11-28" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.245.3416" docTitle="Agonum cupripenne" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" id="FFFF52503A0AFF882450FFB66D45FF8E" lastPageNumber="757" masterDocId="FFFF52503A0AFF882450FFB66D45FF8E" masterDocTitle="Catalogue of Geadephaga (Coleoptera, Adephaga) of America, north of Mexico" masterLastPageNumber="1722" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="756" updateTime="1668154792637" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Bousquet, Yves</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Central Experimental Farm, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">bousquety1@yahoo.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:date>2012</mods:date>
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<mods:number>2012-11-28</mods:number>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="127869275" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2EF3F802CAB399DC499C8D00823A1A20" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/2EF3F802CAB399DC499C8D00823A1A20" lastPageId="756" lastPageNumber="757" pageId="755" pageNumber="756">
<subSubSection pageId="755" pageNumber="756" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="755" pageNumber="756">
<taxonomicName LSID="2EF3F802-CAB3-99DC-499C-8D00823A1A20" authority="(Say, 1823)" baseAuthorityName="Say" baseAuthorityYear="1823" class="Hexapoda" family="Carabidae" genus="Agonum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Agonum cupripenne" order="Coleoptera" pageId="755" pageNumber="756" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cupripenne">Agonum cupripenne (Say, 1823)</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="755" pageNumber="756" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="755" pageNumber="756">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Say" authorityYear="1823" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Feronia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="755" pageNumber="756" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cupripennis">Feronia cupripennis</taxonomicName>
Say, 1823a: 50. Type locality: &quot;Fall River [Bristol County], Mass[achusetts]&quot; (neotype label). Neotype (♀), designated by Lindroth and Freitag (1969: 347), in MCZ [# 33014]. Note. Lindroth and Freitag (1969: 347) reported that the neotype was from &quot;W[est] Roxbury [Suffolk County], Mass[achusetts]&quot; but the label on the specimen indicates that it was collected at Fall River, Massachusetts.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="755" pageNumber="756">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Dejean" authorityYear="1828" class="Hexapoda" family="Carabidae" genus="Agonum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="755" pageNumber="756" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nitidulum">Agonum nitidulum</taxonomicName>
Dejean, 1828: 143. Type locality:
<normalizedToken originalValue="«Amérique">&quot;Amerique</normalizedToken>
septentrionale&quot; (original citation). One syntype in MHNP (Lindroth 1955b: 20). Synonymy established by LeConte (1869b: 248), confirmed by Lindroth (1955b: 20).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="755" pageNumber="756">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Casey" authorityYear="1920" class="Hexapoda" family="Carabidae" genus="Agonum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="755" pageNumber="756" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gemmeum">Agonum gemmeum</taxonomicName>
Casey, 1920: 103. Type locality:
<normalizedToken originalValue="«Kansas»">&quot;Kansas&quot;</normalizedToken>
(original citation). Lectotype (♂), designated by Lindroth (1975: 127), in USNM [# 47457]. Synonymy established by Lindroth (1966: 591).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="755" pageNumber="756">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Casey" authorityYear="1920" class="Hexapoda" family="Carabidae" genus="Agonum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="755" pageNumber="756" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tahoense">Agonum tahoense</taxonomicName>
Casey, 1920: 106. Type locality: &quot;Truckee [Nevada County], California&quot; (original citation). Lectotype (♀), designated by Liebherr (1991a: 118), in USNM [# 47460]. Synonymy established by Liebherr (1991a: 118).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="756" pageNumber="757" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="756" pageNumber="757">
<pageBreakToken pageId="756" pageNumber="757" start="start">Distribution</pageBreakToken>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="756" pageNumber="757">
The range of this species extends from Cape Breton Island (Lindroth 1954c: 305) to Vancouver Island (LeConte 1869c: 370), north to west-central Northwest Territories (Bousquet 1987a: 125), south to the Sierra Nevada in California (Casey, 1920: 106, as
<taxonomicName authorityName="Casey" authorityYear="1920" class="Hexapoda" family="Carabidae" genus="Agonum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="756" pageNumber="757" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tahoense">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="756" pageNumber="757">Agonum tahoense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; Dajoz 2007: 16), southeastern Arizona (Greenlee County, UASM), New Mexico (Wickham 1896c: 133; Fall and Cockerell 1907: 159; Cibola County, CMNH),
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Kansas”">&quot;Kansas&quot;</normalizedToken>
(Lindroth 1966: 591), Tennessee (Sevier County, CNC), and northern Georgia (Fattig 1949: 34). The record from
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Louisiana”">&quot;Louisiana&quot;</normalizedToken>
(Bousquet and Larochelle 1993: 256) needs confirmation.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="756" pageNumber="757" type="records">
<paragraph pageId="756" pageNumber="757">Records.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="756" pageNumber="757">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="756" pageNumber="757">CAN</emphasis>
: AB, BC (VCI), MB, NB, NS (CBI), NT, ON, PE, QC, SK
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="756" pageNumber="757">USA</emphasis>
: AZ, CA, CO, CT, DC, DE, GA, IA, ID, IL, IN, KS, MA, ME, MD, MI, MN, MO, MT, NC, ND, NE, NH, NJ, NM, NV, NY, OH, OR, PA, RI, SD, TN, VA, VT, WA, WI, WV, WY [LA]
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>