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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.70.53674" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ff062100-7b69-4b28-999d-241f47f94567" ID-PMC="PMC7398961" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-4049-70-59" ID-Pensoft-UUID="63F19AFD577D51969C3E4D4BC8B0B4A9" ID-PubMed="32821215" ModsDocID="1314-4049-70-59" checkinTime="1595913763781" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Tennakoon, Danushka S., Thambugala, Kasun M., Wanasinghe, Dhanushka N., Gentekaki, Eleni, Promputtha, Itthayakorn, Kuo, Chang-Hsin &amp; Hyde, Kevin D." docDate="2020" docId="099B265AB2F355FD85FE20DDD861F112" docLanguage="en" docName="MycoKeys 70: 59-88" docOrigin="MycoKeys 70" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.70.53674" docTitle="Elongaticollum Tennakoon, C. H. Kuo &amp; K. D. Hyde 2020, gen. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="63F19AFD577D51969C3E4D4BC8B0B4A9" lastPageNumber="59" masterDocId="63F19AFD577D51969C3E4D4BC8B0B4A9" masterDocTitle="Additions to Phaeosphaeriaceae (Pleosporales): Elongaticollum gen. nov., Ophiosphaerella taiwanensis sp. nov., Phaeosphaeriopsis beaucarneae sp. nov. and a new host record of Neosetophoma poaceicola from Musaceae" masterLastPageNumber="88" masterPageNumber="59" pageNumber="59" updateTime="1668136506138" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Additions to Phaeosphaeriaceae (Pleosporales): Elongaticollum gen. nov., Ophiosphaerella taiwanensis sp. nov., Phaeosphaeriopsis beaucarneae sp. nov. and a new host record of Neosetophoma poaceicola from Musaceae</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Tennakoon, Danushka S.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Plant Medicine, National Chiayi University, 300 Syuefu Road, Chiayi City 60004, Taiwan &amp; School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand &amp; Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2306-1255</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Thambugala, Kasun M.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Genetics and Molecular Biology Unit, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Gangodawila, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Wanasinghe, Dhanushka N.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Biodiversity and Biogeography of East Asia (KLPB), Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1759-3933</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Gentekaki, Eleni</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand &amp; Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Promputtha, Itthayakorn</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand &amp; Environmental Science Research Center, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Kuo, Chang-Hsin</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Plant Medicine, National Chiayi University, 300 Syuefu Road, Chiayi City 60004, Taiwan</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Hyde, Kevin D.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand &amp; Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand &amp; CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Biodiversity and Biogeography of East Asia (KLPB), Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China &amp; Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand &amp; Institute of Plant Health, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Haizhu District, Guangzhou 510225, China</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>MycoKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>70</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
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<mods:start>59</mods:start>
<mods:end>88</mods:end>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.70.53674</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.70.53674</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-4049-70-59</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">63F19AFD577D51969C3E4D4BC8B0B4A9</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="166016706" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:099B265AB2F355FD85FE20DDD861F112" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/099B265AB2F355FD85FE20DDD861F112" lastPageNumber="59" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="59" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="59">
<taxonomicName LSID="099B265A-B2F3-55FD-85FE-20DDD861F112" authority="Tennakoon, C. H. Kuo &amp; K. D. Hyde" authorityName="Tennakoon, C. H. Kuo &amp; K. D. Hyde" authorityYear="2020" class="Dothideomycetes" family="Phaeosphaeriaceae" genus="Elongaticollum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Elongaticollum" order="Pleosporales" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">Elongaticollum Tennakoon, C.H. Kuo &amp; K.D. Hyde</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="59">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="59" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="59">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="59">Refers to the fact that the pycnidia have elongated necks.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="59" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="59">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="59">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">Saprobic</emphasis>
on dead leaves of
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Zingiberaceae" genus="Hedychium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Hedychium coronarium" order="Zingiberales" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="coronarium">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">Hedychium coronarium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
J. Koenig.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">Sexual morph</emphasis>
: Undetermined.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">Asexual morph</emphasis>
: Coelomycetous.
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">Conidiomata</emphasis>
pycnidial, solitary, superficial, dark brown to black, obpyriform, papillate.
<taxonomicName genus="Neck" lsidName="Neck" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">Neck</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
elongate, dark brown, usually straight, but sometimes slightly curved.
<taxonomicName genus="Conidiomatal" lsidName="Conidiomatal wall" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" rank="species" species="wall">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">Conidiomatal wall</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
composed of 4-5 layers of light brown cells, arranged in
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">textura angularis</emphasis>
.
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">Conidiophores</emphasis>
reduced to conidiogenous cells.
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">Conidiogenous cells</emphasis>
hyaline, aseptate, smooth, ampulliform, arising from the inner cell wall of the apex.
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">Conidia</emphasis>
oval to oblong, smooth and thin-walled, hyaline, aseptate, with 1-2-minute guttules.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="59" type="type species">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="59">Type species.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="59">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Tennakoon, C. H. Kuo &amp; K. D. Hyde" authorityYear="2020" class="Dothideomycetes" family="Phaeosphaeriaceae" genus="Elongaticollum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Elongaticollum hedychii" order="Pleosporales" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="hedychii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">Elongaticollum hedychii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Tennakoon, C.H. Kuo &amp; K.D. Hyde.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.727.20222" ID-GBIF-Dataset="13853cb6-522e-4f94-b633-c4a51ba63624" ID-PMC="PMC5799789" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-727-1" ID-PubMed="29416388" ID-ZBK="12B663F7190040788E1EEF8BAC4DF81B" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2017" ModsDocID="1313-2970-727-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 727" ModsDocTitle="A review of the Madagascan pelican spiders of the genera Eriauchenius O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1881 and Madagascarchaea gen. n. (Araneae, Archaeidae)" checkinTime="1515696595036" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Wood, Hannah M. &amp; Scharff, Nikolaj" docDate="2017" docId="099B78D836173A5F1B33C3BF1A74D9BE" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 727: 1-96" docOrigin="ZooKeys 727" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.727.20222" docTitle="Eriauchenius milloti Wood &amp; Scharff, 2017, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="FE5598D8-5BDD-4F04-949F-9AA88BF01F4D" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="FFEBD959ED2FFFAA9450FF8B1957B348" masterDocTitle="A review of the Madagascan pelican spiders of the genera Eriauchenius O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1881 and Madagascarchaea gen. n. (Araneae, Archaeidae)" masterLastPageNumber="96" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1668165276717" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>A review of the Madagascan pelican spiders of the genera Eriauchenius O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1881 and Madagascarchaea gen. n. (Araneae, Archaeidae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Wood, Hannah M.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Scharff, Nikolaj</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2017</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>727</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
<mods:end>96</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.727.20222</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.727.20222</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-727-1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZBK">12B663F7190040788E1EEF8BAC4DF81B</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">12B663F7190040788E1EEF8BAC4DF81B</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="140245917" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:FE5598D8-5BDD-4F04-949F-9AA88BF01F4D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/099B78D836173A5F1B33C3BF1A74D9BE" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/FE5598D8-5BDD-4F04-949F-9AA88BF01F4D" class="Arachnida" family="Archaeidae" genus="Eriauchenius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eriauchenius milloti" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="milloti">Eriauchenius milloti</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="1">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Figs 17, 32
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="type material">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type material.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Male holotype: MADAGASCAR, Toliara, Parc National Andohahela, Parcelle I, Manangotry, off Rte. 118, 34 km N Taolagnaro,
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-24.743055">24°44'35.0&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="46.856472">46°51'23.3&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
, 670 m, 23 Dec 2008 - 3 Jan 2009, primary montane rainforest, general collecting day and night, turning over dead palm frond bases on the ground, F. Alvarez-Padilla &amp; H. Wood (deposited in USNM: USNMENT01377187).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Other material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Female paratype, 1 eggcase, same data as holotype (USNMENT01377188); 3M,11F,1 eggcase, same as previous (USNMENT01377189, USNMENT01377180, USNMENT01377181, USNMENT01377182, USNMENT01377183, USNMENT01377179, USNMENT01377171, USNMENT01377172); 2M3F, same as previous except turning over dead palm frond bases on the ground, F. Alvarez-Padilla &amp; H. Wood (USNMENT01377176, USNMENT01377177); 1Juv, same as previous except general collecting day and night, beating vegetation (USNMENT01377178); 1M, Toliara, Foret Classee Tsikongambarika I, Ivolo forest, Andily, ca. Fort Dauphin,
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-24.937082">24°56'13.5&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="46.93289">46°55'58.4&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
, 20 m, 13 Mar 2003, rainforest, Ludd tree trunks/litter, D. Andriamalala, D. Silva et al. (CASENT9015862); 1Juv, Toliara, Foret Classee Tsitongambarika, Cascade trail hike, 7.5 km NW Taolagnaro,
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-24.986639">24°59'11.9&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="46.926308">46°55'34.7&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
, 100 m, 24 Dec 2008, primary montane rainforest, general collecting day and night, F. Alvarez-Padilla &amp; H. Wood (USNMENT01377184); 1Juv, Toliara, Parc National Andohahela, Parcelle I, Manangotry, off Rte. 118, 32 km N Taolagnaro,
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-24.763916">24°45'50.1&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="46.856525">46°51'23.5&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
, 100 m, 25 Dec 2008, rainforest near stream surrounded by disturbed slash/burn forest, sifting and mini-winkler extraction of leaf litter, F. Alvarez-Padilla &amp; H. Wood (USNMENT01377175).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">The specific name is a patronym to honor Dr. Jacques Millot for his work describing Madagascan archaeids.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Males distinguished from other &quot;
<taxonomicName genus="Palpimanoidea" lsidName="Palpimanoidea bourgini" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="bourgini">bourgini</taxonomicName>
group&quot; species except
<taxonomicName lsidName="E. pauliani" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="pauliani">E. pauliani</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName lsidName="E. lukemacaulayi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="lukemacaulayi">E. lukemacaulayi</taxonomicName>
sp. n. (and presumably
<taxonomicName lsidName="E. milajaneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="milajaneae">E. milajaneae</taxonomicName>
sp. n., although the males are unknown) by the presence of a lateral process on the conductor, which is narrow in
<taxonomicName lsidName="E. lukemacaulayi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="lukemacaulayi">E. lukemacaulayi</taxonomicName>
sp. n. and
<taxonomicName lsidName="E. milloti" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="milloti">E. milloti</taxonomicName>
(Figs 14E,
<normalizedToken originalValue="G–I">G-I</normalizedToken>
, 17
<normalizedToken originalValue="D–I">D-I</normalizedToken>
, asterisk), but is broader in
<taxonomicName lsidName="E. pauliani" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="pauliani">E. pauliani</taxonomicName>
(Fig. 18
<normalizedToken originalValue="C–D">C-D</normalizedToken>
,
<normalizedToken originalValue="F–H">F-H</normalizedToken>
, asterisk).
<taxonomicName lsidName="E. milloti" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="milloti">E. milloti</taxonomicName>
sp. n. is distinguished from
<taxonomicName lsidName="E. lukemacaulayi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="lukemacaulayi">E. lukemacaulayi</taxonomicName>
sp. n. by the quarter-moon-shape of the pedipalpal bulbs (Fig. 17
<normalizedToken originalValue="D–F">D-F</normalizedToken>
,
<normalizedToken originalValue="J–L">J-L</normalizedToken>
). Females of
<taxonomicName lsidName="E. lukemacaulayi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="lukemacaulayi">E. lukemacaulayi</taxonomicName>
sp. n.,
<taxonomicName lsidName="E. milajaneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="milajaneae">E. milajaneae</taxonomicName>
sp. n., and
<taxonomicName lsidName="E. milloti" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="milloti">E. milloti</taxonomicName>
sp. n. (and presumably
<taxonomicName lsidName="E. pauliani" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="pauliani">E. pauliani</taxonomicName>
) are distinguished from other &quot;
<taxonomicName genus="Palpimanoidea" lsidName="Palpimanoidea bourgini" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="bourgini">bourgini</taxonomicName>
group&quot; females by the enlarged, extended U-shaped PB (Figs 14B, 16B, 17B). The PB is smaller and thiner in other &quot;
<taxonomicName genus="Palpimanoidea" lsidName="Palpimanoidea bourgini" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="bourgini">bourgini</taxonomicName>
group&quot; females. In
<taxonomicName lsidName="E. milloti" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="milloti">E. milloti</taxonomicName>
sp. n. the curved ends of the PB extend all the way to the anterior edge of the FSGP (Fig. 17B), whereas in
<taxonomicName lsidName="E. milajaneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="milajaneae">E. milajaneae</taxonomicName>
sp. n. and
<taxonomicName lsidName="E. lukemacaulayi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="lukemacaulayi">E. lukemacaulayi</taxonomicName>
sp. n. the curved ends do not go past the anterior of the
<normalizedToken originalValue="“wings”">&quot;wings&quot;</normalizedToken>
(Figs 14B, 16B).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Male holotype (USNMENT01377187, from Parc National Andohahela, Madagascar). Total length 2.18, carapace 0.91 long, 0.85 wide. Abdomen 1.23 long, 1.31 high. Carapace tilt angle 69.58°, tilt height (CtH) 1.89, constriction 0.47, head length 0.81, neck length 0.92. CtH divided by carapace length 2.08. Cephalon with AME on large bulge. Cephalon with 4 short post-ocular spines at the crown, not on protrusions. Chelicerae 1.81 long, and with short spine 0.30 from base of chelicerae and projecting downward (Fig. 17A). Femur I 2.53 long. Sternum 0.59 long, 0.38 wide. Carapace, chelicerae, and sternum reddish brown with white setae, although chelicerae lighter brown in middle. All legs with parts that are lighter brown and parts with darker annulations. Abdomen yellowish white, with scattered small and large dark brown areas with yellowish spots, and with tufts of white setae (Fig. 17A). Pedipalpal bulb with a membranous sac above the base of the embolus, with a greatly exposed broad and dark embolus that is encircled by the conductor (Fig. 17
<normalizedToken originalValue="D–L">D-L</normalizedToken>
). Conductor with a small narrow process (Fig. 17
<normalizedToken originalValue="D–I">D-I</normalizedToken>
, asterisk) followed by a constriction (Fig. 17H, arrow) that is then followed by a large bulge on the retrolateral side.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Female paratype (USNMENT01377188). Total length 2.33, carapace 0.97 long, 0.88 wide. Abdomen 1.33 long, 1.51 high. Carapace tilt angle 62.94°, tilt height (CtH) 1.99, constriction 0.48, head length 0.87, neck length 0.95. CtH divided by carapace length 2.05. Cephalon as in male. Chelicerae 1.89 long, and with short spine 0.33 from base of chelicerae and projecting downward. Femur I 2.48 long. Sternum 0.64 long, 0.41 wide. Colors as in male, although abdomen with a greater degree of dark brown. Female genitalia FSGP with a rounded posterior elongation (Fig. 17B); PB large and U-shaped, extending to the anterior edge of the FSGP (Fig. 17B); poreplates in one group on each lateral side of the bursa anterior (Fig. 17C).</paragraph>
<caption pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Figure 17.
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Archaeidae" genus="Eriauchenius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eriauchenius milloti" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="milloti">Eriauchenius milloti</taxonomicName>
sp. n. A male (USNMENT01377189) habitus, lateral view
<normalizedToken originalValue="B–C">B-C</normalizedToken>
female (USNMENT01377189) internal genitalia B dorsal view C anterior view
<normalizedToken originalValue="D–I">D-I</normalizedToken>
male pedipalpal bulbs
<normalizedToken originalValue="D–F">D-F</normalizedToken>
right bulb, image reversed, (USNMENT01377189)
<normalizedToken originalValue="G–I">G-I</normalizedToken>
left bulb (USNMENT01377189)
<normalizedToken originalValue="J–K">J-K</normalizedToken>
left bulb (CASENT9015862) D, G, J prolateral view E, H, K ventral view F, I, L retrolateral view. Asterisk (*) showing the narrow, small process on the conductor. Arrow showing constriction in the conductor. Scale bars: 1 mm (A); 0.25 mm (B, D).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="variation">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Variation.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Total length 1.78-1.89 (males; n=5), 1.94-1.99 (females; n=5); Carapace length 0.88-0.91 (males; n=5), 0.94-0.99 (females; n=5); Femur I 2.73-2.82 times the length of carapace in males (n=5), 2.55-2.64 in females (n=5); CtH divided by carapace length 1.98-2.08 in males (n=5), 1.99-2.08 in females (n=5). Average femur I length 2.49 in both males (n=5) and females (n= 5).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="natural history">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Natural history.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">In primary rainforest from 20-640 m in elevation. Collected day and night, turning over dead palm frond bases on the ground, in litter, and on tree trunks.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Known only from Parc National Andohahela and surroundings in the southeastern part of Madagascar (Fig. 32).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<paragraph id="710958D942B8DF82B4F6232530D8327E" pageId="191" pageNumber="192">Taxon classification Animalia Coleoptera Chrysomelidae</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="78F0A10448945CB4B2F07E9984F840F5" pageId="191" pageNumber="192" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="E574437A813B3EED366CA806138341B3" pageId="191" pageNumber="192">
<taxonomicName id="7669938197C0FFAC54514B91E533A1CC" ID-CoL="SDFC" LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Cephaloleia_nigricornis" authority="Fabricius, 1792" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1792" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Cephaloleia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cephaloleia nigricornis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="191" pageNumber="192" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigricornis">Cephaloleia nigricornis (Fabricius, 1792)</taxonomicName>
Fig. 193
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="1DB47553C8B0F20B903910405B361B76" pageId="191" pageNumber="192" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="C5642DC6DD6CE48DDB4E7CBBA65D48A2" pageId="191" pageNumber="192">
<taxonomicName id="2A7D12349230247C26247EF4ADF28AB0" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Hispa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hispa nigricornis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="191" pageNumber="192" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigricornis">Hispa nigricornis</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation id="08858D064FD0DB2D32DC66D26DA9DAE4" author="Fabricius, JC" journalOrPublisher="Christ. Gottl. Proft., Hafinae" pageId="286" pageNumber="287" title="Entomologia systematica" year="1792">Fabricius 1792</bibRefCitation>
: 73.
<bibRefCitation id="0740FA4B971AEDD58A5F6417B387E2EF" author="Olivier, GA" journalOrPublisher="Panckoucke, Paris" pageId="291" pageNumber="292" title="Encyclopedie methodique. Histoire naturelle. Insectes" year="1792">Olivier 1792</bibRefCitation>
: 99 (noted),
<bibRefCitation id="4A090FB787A57684DCEA03271192CD4E" author="Olivier, GA" journalOrPublisher="Desray, Paris" pageId="291" pageNumber="292" pagination="613 - 1104" title="Entomologie, ou histoire naturelle des insectes, avec leurs caracteres generiques et specifiques, leur description, leur synonymie, et leur figure enluminee" year="1808">1808</bibRefCitation>
: 773 (noted);
<bibRefCitation id="CEE37D71FD94AF31F4E2A922D0E93646" author="Fabricius, JC" journalOrPublisher="Bibliopoli Academici Novi, Kiliae" pageId="286" pageNumber="287" title="Systema eleutheratorum seundum ordines, genera, species, adiectis synonymis, locis, observationibus; descriptionibus" year="1801">Fabricius 1801</bibRefCitation>
: 64 (noted);
<bibRefCitation id="F23DA4B8EB55FBDB30CE8C542B5D8A6C" author="Gyllenhal, L" editor="Schoenherr, CJ" journalOrPublisher="Scaris, Stockholm" pageId="288" pageNumber="289" title="Synonymia insectorum, oder: Versuch einer Synonymie aller bisher bekannten Insecten; nach Fabricii Systema Eleutheratorum geordnet" year="1817">Gyllenhal 1817</bibRefCitation>
: 5 (noted);
<bibRefCitation id="AC6D8160D44A00C3B987E5F450755FC8" author="Schoenherr, CJ" journalOrPublisher="Lewerenizischen Buchdruckerey, Skara" pageId="292" pageNumber="293" title="Synonymia Insectorum, oder: Versuch einer synonymie Aller bisher bekannten Insecten, nach Fabricii Systema Eleutheratorum andc" year="1817">
<normalizedToken id="15DB73A6AE128C5EC52AE074144AC5D0" originalValue="Schönherr">Schoenherr</normalizedToken>
1817
</bibRefCitation>
: 7 (catalog);
<bibRefCitation id="5DDA23198D6BF1AFE9A45A41FAEC9686" author="Zimsen, E" journalOrPublisher="Munksgaard, Copenhagen" pageId="297" pageNumber="298" title="The type material of I. C. Fabricius." year="1964">Zimsen 1964</bibRefCitation>
a: 127 (catalog).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3EDA5395A8DD87519B10D3E89B9F4E41" pageId="191" pageNumber="192">
<taxonomicName id="C84B4677317847AF4FD94FC35EEEFCDC" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Cephaloleia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cephaloleia nigricornis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="191" pageNumber="192" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigricornis">Cephaloleia nigricornis</taxonomicName>
(Fabricius).
<bibRefCitation id="A9DA70239B480EB06B3355EF919833F3" author="Chevrolat, LAA" editor="Dejean, PFMA" journalOrPublisher="Mequignon-Marvis Pere et Fils, Paris" pageId="286" pageNumber="287" title="Catalogue des Coleopteres de la collection de M. le comte Dejean" year="1836">Chevrolat 1836</bibRefCitation>
: 390 (transfer);
<bibRefCitation id="22FCE0530DFD03B4EFAF1D2F2A03E1DF" author="Orbigny, C" journalOrPublisher="Langlois et Leclercq, Paris" pageId="291" pageNumber="292" title="Dictionnaire universal d'histoire naturelle" year="1845">Orbigny 1845</bibRefCitation>
: 60 (noted);
<bibRefCitation id="D3A3BD906E50693E77A495AC7AFD1B4E" author="Baly, JS" journalOrPublisher="London" pageId="284" pageNumber="285" title="Catalogue of Hispidae in the collection of the British Museum. Part I" year="1858">Baly 1858</bibRefCitation>
: 47 (redescription);
<bibRefCitation id="59A0BE6FCB5AF3BC5CCED7FC54EDBA6D" author="Maulik, S" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London" pageId="290" pageNumber="291" pagination="567 - 589" title="On Cryptostome beetles in the Cambridge University Museum of Zoology." volume="1916" year="1916">Maulik 1916</bibRefCitation>
: 568 (museum list);
<bibRefCitation id="4FBBBDB014E794584420B58D1A7C60AA" author="Blackwelder, RE" journalOrPublisher="United States National Museum Bulletin" pageId="284" pageNumber="285" pagination="551 - 763" title="Checklist of the Coleopterous insects of Mexico, Central America, the West Indies, and South America." volume="185" year="1946">Blackwelder 1946</bibRefCitation>
: 719 (catalog);
<bibRefCitation id="837EC6253FB3E4E582CA67568DB2A807" author="Papp, CS" journalOrPublisher="Portugaliae Acta Biologica (B)" pageId="291" pageNumber="292" pagination="1 - 147" title="The Hispinae of America. 3 rd Contribution for promoting the scientifical results of the International Hylean Amazon Institute in Manaos, Brazil." volume="4" year="1953">Papp 1953</bibRefCitation>
: 19 (catalog);
<bibRefCitation id="76BA337B3C9EA1DA117597E65A819101" author="Uhmann, E" journalOrPublisher="W. Junk, Gravenhage" pageId="296" pageNumber="297" pagination="1 - 153" title="Coleopterorum Catalogus. Supplementa. Chrysomelidae: Hispinae, Hispinae Americanae" year="1957 a">Uhmann 1957a</bibRefCitation>
: 22 (catalog),
<bibRefCitation id="81B7C4C567DBDF6502AE45BEA3CD7A0D" author="Uhmann, E" journalOrPublisher="Entomologische Arbeiten aus dem Museum G. Frey" pageId="297" pageNumber="298" pagination="248 - 253" title="Hispinae aus dem Museum G. Frey. 5. Teil. 231. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Hispinae (Coleopt. Chrysomelidae)." volume="19" year="1968">1968</bibRefCitation>
: 248 (faunal list);
<bibRefCitation id="2B1DBDEC5508E692B18D3B0817E02DA9" author="Staines, CL" journalOrPublisher="Insecta Mundi" pageId="293" pageNumber="294" pagination="247 - 248" title="Type species of New World Hispinae genera (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)." volume="5" year="1991 (1992)">Staines 1991(1992)</bibRefCitation>
: 247 (nomenclature),
<bibRefCitation id="8A9474E91D41E7841D86179E5156D3FC" pageId="191" pageNumber="192">1996</bibRefCitation>
: 46 (Central America species),
<bibRefCitation id="CB0DE7D79426EDC228782A60897CD510" author="Staines, CL" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="293" pageNumber="294" pagination="45 - 65" title="Hispines (Chrysomelidae, Cassidinae) of La Selva Biological Station, Costa Rica." url="10.3897/zookeys.157.1338" volume="157" year="2011">2011</bibRefCitation>
: 50 (faunal list);
<bibRefCitation id="21CE38D608D4C398ABE996E8E127F8A0" author="McKenna, DD" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="290" pageNumber="291" pagination="117 - 131" title="Molecular phylogenetics and evolution of host plant use in the Neotropical rolled leaf ' hispine' beetle genus Cephaloleia (Chevrolat) (Coleoptera: Cassidinae)." url="10.1016/j.ympev.2005.06.011" volume="37" year="2005">McKenna and Farrell 2005</bibRefCitation>
: 119 (phylogeny).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CF262CC577D3B1929A77848BC4F65074" pageId="191" pageNumber="192">
<taxonomicName id="FDDA09D052F546FEA28353AE3210BA55" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Cephalolia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cephalolia nigricornis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="191" pageNumber="192" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigricornis">Cephalolia nigricornis</taxonomicName>
(Fabricius).
<bibRefCitation id="964572CF442E989107041674E052069B" author="Gemminger, M" journalOrPublisher="Williams and Norgate, London" pageId="287" pageNumber="288" pagination="3479 - 3822" title="Catalogus Coleopterum hucusque descriptorum, synonymicus et systematicus" year="1876">Gemminger and Harold 1876</bibRefCitation>
: 3602 (catalog);
<bibRefCitation id="5A2F1C7A905AA213A39EC9BB96F5103E" author="Donckier, H" journalOrPublisher="Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France" pageId="286" pageNumber="287" pagination="540 - 615" title="Catalogue systematique des Hispides." volume="68" year="1899">Donckier 1899</bibRefCitation>
: 550 (catalog);
<bibRefCitation id="DE517974FEFFB82A50DC0B6F30A45391" author="Weise, J" journalOrPublisher="W. Junk" pageId="297" pageNumber="298" pagination="1 - 94" title="Coleopterorum Catalogus, Chrysomelidae: Hispinae" year="1911 a">Weise 1911a</bibRefCitation>
: 8 (catalog),
<bibRefCitation id="3694BA286BFB372F1DAE4B301404D07E" author="Weise, J" editor="Wytsman, P" journalOrPublisher="Genera Insectorum, Brussels" pageId="297" pageNumber="298" pagination="1 - 123" title="Coleoptera Phytophaga fam. Chrysomelidae, subfam. Hispinae." volume="fasc. 125" year="1911 b">1911b</bibRefCitation>
: 11 (catalog);
<bibRefCitation id="6A01BD776829DC20130DB24F25B94562" author="Uhmann, E" journalOrPublisher="Revista de Entomologia Rio de Janiero" pageId="295" pageNumber="296" pagination="109 - 117" title="Amerikanische Hispinen. III. Die Gattung Cephalolia Chevr. (Col. Chrys.). 57. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Hispinen." volume="6" year="1936 a">Uhmann 1936a</bibRefCitation>
: 113 (noted),
<bibRefCitation id="0367CF418DFC749F76DB401A78D50F75" author="Uhmann, E" journalOrPublisher="Arbeiten ueber Morphologische und Taxonomische Entomologie aus Berlin-Dahlem" pageId="295" pageNumber="296" pagination="93 - 102" title="Der Borstenkegel und das Pygidium bei Cephalolia-Arten. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). 96. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Hispinen." volume="9" year="1942">1942</bibRefCitation>
: 94 (noted),
<bibRefCitation id="53AF51B86F0DD309C2F8D78242C23DCF" author="Uhmann, E" editor="Titschack, E" journalOrPublisher="Beitraege zur Fauna Perus" pageId="296" pageNumber="297" pagination="44 - 57" title="Hispinae (Col. Chrys.)." volume="3" year="1953">1953</bibRefCitation>
: 47 (faunal list);
<bibRefCitation id="3AEBAE943F98339FC5873B0FD79AA3F8" pageId="191" pageNumber="192">
<normalizedToken id="C3A445DAEA65D23E302C632178BD095F" originalValue="Guérin">Guerin</normalizedToken>
1953
</bibRefCitation>
: 97 (faunal list).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8D182D0DA4F67FC59F65342CB3FBF90E" lastPageId="192" lastPageNumber="193" pageId="191" pageNumber="192" type="description">
<paragraph id="678E89B54C071C5395DD62C7D9475089" pageId="191" pageNumber="192">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0C2C6D1D2C872FFBEC867241015C7980" lastPageId="192" lastPageNumber="193" pageId="191" pageNumber="192">
Elongate; subparallel; subdepressed; reddish-brown, eyes and antennomeres 4-11 darker. Head: vertex impunctate, medial sulcus present; frons not projecting; not depressed between eyes. Antenna: reaches to humerus; slender; antennomere 1 elongate, thickened; 2 transverse; 3 elongate,
<normalizedToken id="0F49702975FDEBF46BD8642C443FF950" originalValue="¾">3/4</normalizedToken>
length of 1; 4-10 transverse, subequal in length; 11 2
<normalizedToken id="944B8874EE5CE6639A269F4F689380E0" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
length of 10, pointed at apex; 1-3 punctate with scattered setae; 4-11 setose. Pronotum: transverse, lateral margin straight for basal
<normalizedToken id="7F9FF50B14FC4CDA3956B1575EC8C8B2" originalValue="¾">3/4</normalizedToken>
then rounding to anterior angle, margined; anterior angle rounded, produced; posterior angle angulate; anterior margin emarginate behind head; disc subconvex; surface sparsely and irregu
<pageBreakToken id="17331E549E6C8EC33C5AB0B76EBD1196" pageId="192" pageNumber="193" start="start">larly</pageBreakToken>
punctate; basal impression absent; pronotal length 1.1-1.3 mm; pronotal width 1.7-1.9 mm. Scutellum: pentagonal, impunctate. Elytron: lateral margin straight, smooth, margined; apex rounded; sutural angle without tooth; humerus rounded, not projecting; slightly constricted behind humerus; shallowly punctate-striate, humerus almost impunctate; puncture rows confused at apex; elytral length 4.1-4.9 mm; elytral width 2.1-2.4 mm. Venter: prosternum impunctate medially, rugose laterally; meso- and metasterna entirely impunctate; abdominal sterna punctate, each puncture with pale seta; suture between sterna 1 and 2 obsolete medially; last sternite with apical margin weakly rounded in male; strongly rounded in female. Leg: slender; punctate; femur with pale seta in each puncture; tibia dentate at apex, fringe of setae at apex. Total length: 5.6-6.4 mm.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="24D60E38A620B792FD02459C5E38586D" pageId="192" pageNumber="193" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="3B7F189A1CBF90D3355384A85EF110B1" pageId="192" pageNumber="193">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8FC898359947D12A88001A1C15F1FBBC" pageId="192" pageNumber="193">
This species is similar to
<taxonomicName id="7723AA7F3FB4413E11830D55321BBCC6" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Cephaloleia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cephaloleia castanea" order="Coleoptera" pageId="192" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="castanea">Cephaloleia castanea</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="9E414048DB194398CC33D6BD959E30AF" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Cephaloleia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cephaloleia delectabilis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="192" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="delectabilis">Cephaloleia delectabilis</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="D821D82BE7A84F916F960603F9DA875B" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Cephaloleia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cephaloleia opaca" order="Coleoptera" pageId="192" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="opaca">Cephaloleia opaca</taxonomicName>
. It can be distinguished by the impunctate vertex of the head which has a medial sulcus, by antennomere 3 being longer than 1, and by the elytral punctures being confused apically.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="1ADCFFDD71AE4C5DFFE135B292B4AB9F" pageId="192" pageNumber="193" type="host plant">
<paragraph id="7F1CF947EE88F92182AF49197664C6C7" pageId="192" pageNumber="193">Host plant.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="575520757484CF238DEC3180CEB2ECAE" pageId="192" pageNumber="193">
According to label data, adults have been collected on
<taxonomicName id="B39FEF5EF6BD0B0BA5F4B7BE18AC3D6A" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Heliconia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heliconia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="192" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Heliconia</taxonomicName>
sp. (
<taxonomicName id="E757BC7B69EACA379FE10716F7CB098B" genus="Heliconiaceae" lsidName="Heliconiaceae" pageId="192" pageNumber="193" rank="genus">Heliconiaceae</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E5669134F71969297D18F671618EC5EE" pageId="192" pageNumber="193" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8845B522A16A900074FD4CE8268CDC26" pageId="192" pageNumber="193">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1AACCB2103B89A0E21E67EA21DF7A477" pageId="192" pageNumber="193">Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Panama, Peru, Venezuela.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B6019D3D0B34457A06399F09788E1669" pageId="192" pageNumber="193" type="type material">
<paragraph id="4B70F46BD3F5D800DEC8854E0010FCE6" pageId="192" pageNumber="193">Type material.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6CBB191B0C8425B5775660474817BAF8" pageId="192" pageNumber="193">Type: Cap. Bon. (depository not known, not seen).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="29C2D99E854C26F2F6563699156AEE0F" lastPageId="193" lastPageNumber="194" pageId="192" pageNumber="193" type="specimens examined">
<paragraph id="97B7335DD1100A45D4E1104080CA7AE5" pageId="192" pageNumber="193">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D70EFBE81B47EF7EF7DAC6649A25D1F0" lastPageId="193" lastPageNumber="194" pageId="192" pageNumber="193">
Bolivia: Cochabamba- 117 km E Yungas, Villa Tunari Rd., 10-12 February 1999 (SEMC). BRAZIL: Amazonas- Teffe (Ega), 1879 (USNM). COLOMBIA: Amazonas- nr. Letica, 29 August-5 September 1970 (USNM). COSTA RICA: Alajuela- N slope
<normalizedToken id="ADEC2279546AE4713B7138929FFBF229" originalValue="Volcán">Volcan</normalizedToken>
de
<normalizedToken id="649D1DAEA03CBFCCF3F803CB39BB199C" originalValue="Rincón">Rincon</normalizedToken>
, 2 km W Dos
<normalizedToken id="2DA5A7B4AC3F00EC34CA6B7CFDDA317C" originalValue="Ríos">Rios</normalizedToken>
, 550 m, 22 May 1985 (EMEC); R. San Lorencito, 900 m, R. F. San
<normalizedToken id="F179FE35E90B1B4D06FF6E94D059F254" originalValue="Ramón">Ramon</normalizedToken>
, 5 km N de Colonia
<normalizedToken id="D9A3A7C75D1F6AD2BA0B60B3BA5B1650" originalValue="Palmañera">Palmanera</normalizedToken>
, 13-18 June 1993 (INBIO); Upala, Sector San
<normalizedToken id="AE12692893B42D9610B28C554AD84159" originalValue="Ramó">Ramo</normalizedToken>
de Dos
<normalizedToken id="C7837749D7159A8787C839383A514C98" originalValue="Ríos">Rios</normalizedToken>
, 1. 5 km NW Hacienda Nueva Zelandia, 600-700 m (INBIO). Cartago- Quebrada Segunda, Ref. Nac. Fauna Silv.
<normalizedToken id="26B9A3C1C5E3C9964DBBB7E1EB757F64" originalValue="Tapantí">Tapanti</normalizedToken>
, 1250 m, March 1992, April 1992, May 1992 (INBIO); Turrialba, 9 March 1967 (EGRC); Santa Teresita, Monumento Nacional Guayabo, 1100-1200 m (INBIO); Turrialba, Tayutic, Grano de Oro, Chirripo, 1100-1200 m (INBIO). Guanacaste- Est. Pitilla, 700 m, 9 km S Sta. Cecilia, P. N. Guanacaste, 24 August- 11 September 1992 (INBIO);
<normalizedToken id="A50DDD7022B51208329EA68B3CC2664F" originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
San Lorenzo, 1050 m, Tierras Morenas, Z. P. Tenorio, April 1991, 10-20 February 1992, 23 March- 21 April 1992, December 1992, February 1993 (INBIO). Heredia- Est. El Ceibo, Braulio Carillo N. P., 400-600 m, March 1990 (INBIO); La Selva Biol. Sta, 2 km S. Pt. Viejo, 3-5 June 1984 (EGRC); Finca Naranjo Valenciana, 2 km sur Pueblo Nuevo,
<normalizedToken id="F27C1AEF96BEC21AC8A123D92E5AA5BF" originalValue="Sarapiquí">Sarapiqui</normalizedToken>
, 90 m, 9-30 September 1992 (INBIO).
<normalizedToken id="7E91E80D23EFDB9053C2AB1ECDA23F30" originalValue="Limón-">Limon-</normalizedToken>
Amburi, 70 m, Talamanca, 5-26 January 1993 (INBIO); Bananito, 20 April 1925 (USNM); Sector Cerro
<normalizedToken id="A710A13727E0FA1B976B868F1908B2AA" originalValue="Cocorí">Cocori</normalizedToken>
, Fca. de E. Rojas, 150 m, August 1991, 31
<normalizedToken id="4A9731177BA7B17D00324F796FFB7CA6" originalValue="January–">January-</normalizedToken>
21 February 1992, 26 March- 24 April 1992, April 1992, 28
<normalizedToken id="8AB12C656AE1785C257B39C594A4EB48" originalValue="May–">May-</normalizedToken>
17 June 1992, 26 June- 16 July 1992, 12-31 August 1992, October 1992, 9-30 November 1992, December 1992, January 1993, February 1993, March 1993, April 1993 (INBIO); Est. Cuatro Esquinas, 0 m, P. N. Tortuguero, June 1992, December 1990 (INBIO); Estrella Valley,
<pageBreakToken id="AD1A26D59972B8C79F45B682914F786C" pageId="193" pageNumber="194" start="start">11</pageBreakToken>
March 1964 (USNM); Hamburg Farm,
<normalizedToken id="AF1451E72E358E6D0B212E930E8AC088" originalValue="Reventazón">Reventazon</normalizedToken>
, Ebene
<normalizedToken id="819A8AADB018476B342E5B2E09DB19A0" originalValue="Limón">Limon</normalizedToken>
, 7 November 1924 (USNM); Manzanillo, 0-100 m, R.N.F.S. Gandoca y Manzanillo, 9 September- 13 October 1992, 22 October- 11 November 1992 (INBIO);
<normalizedToken id="7F913BBD4D6E2158EC1381AE4C2D618D" originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
Sardinas, 10 m, R.N.F.S. Barra del Colorado, September 1992 (INBIO); R. B. Hitoy Cerere, Sendero Toma de Agua, 0-100 m (INBIO); Valle La Estrella, 100-200 m (INBIO). Puntarenas- Est. La Casona, 1520 m, Res. Biol. Monteverde, September 1992 (INBIO); Est. Biol. Las Alturas, 1500m, Coto Brus, May 1992, November 1992 (INBIO); Palo Seco, 10 m, Pazifik, 31 December 1923 (USNM); Est. Queb. Bonita, 50 m, Res. Biol. Carara, 2-22 September 1992 (INBIO); Rancho Quemado, 200 m, Peninsula de Osa, July 1991 (INBIO); Sirena, Corcovado N. P., 0-100 m, November 1989, August 1991, 9-27 July 1992 (INBIO); Buenos Aires, Sector Altamira Biolley, 1700-1800 m (INBIO); Corredores, Ciudad Neily, 0-100 m (INBIO); F. Las Cruces, Ent. de los Alturas, Fca Fabio Sandoval, 1100-1200 m (INBIO); Golfito, F. Las Cruces, Fca Ilama, 1400-1500 m (INBIO); F. Las Cruces, Laguna Gamboa, 1400-1500 m (INBIO); Est. Boscosa, 0-100 m (INBIO); Bosque Eterno de los
<normalizedToken id="640D0D642E25BF256739729D8C3C755F" originalValue="Niños">Ninos</normalizedToken>
, Sector Monteverde, Sendero El Camino, 1500-1600 m (INBIO). San
<normalizedToken id="BBBDE42CD0B2EF8863DB3F04D0EED0CD" originalValue="José-">Jose-</normalizedToken>
Perez
<normalizedToken id="C429CD5658AF5AAC7EEBE0346453D14D" originalValue="Zeledón">Zeledon</normalizedToken>
, Santa Elena, Las Nubes, 1200-1300 m (INBIO); Finca El Gringo,
<normalizedToken id="469DAC621F6C5D46E8BAA5FB55862A85" originalValue="Estación">Estacion</normalizedToken>
Las Nubes de Santa Elena, 1200-1300 m (INBIO). ECUADOR: Esmeraldas- 31.7 km NW Lita, 620 m, 23 August 1997 (USNM). Pinchica- Quito, 45 km NNW Macquipuanuna Station, 3-18 April 1996 (SEMC). FRENCH GUIANA: Hwy. N2 to Regina, 67 km S of Cayenne, 6 June 1986 (EGRC); Roura, 18.4 km SSE, 240 m, 24 May 1997, 29 May 1997 (SEMC, USNM), 23 May 1997, 25 May 1997, 30 May 1997 (SEMC); Saul, 7 km N Les Eaux Claires, 30 May 1997, 31 May 1997 (SEMC); Saul, 7 km N, 0.5 km ESE Les Eaux Claires, Mt. La Fumee, 4-8 June 1997 (SEMC). GUATEMALA: Zacapa- 3.5 km S.E. La
<normalizedToken id="618D611DAFF016F819ED6A640326777A" originalValue="Unión">Union</normalizedToken>
, 1500, 4 June 1991 (EGRC). Honduras: Altanica- Lanceville Bot. Gardens, Tela, 10 m, 23 June 1994 (SEMC). Cortez- Yola Lake, Deer Island, 670 m, 19 June 1994 (SEMC). Santa Barbara- La Fe, Finca La Roca, 5.3 km S
<normalizedToken id="662CB3E8C8EA4F9B15289584532C8E5D" originalValue="Peña">Pena</normalizedToken>
Blanca, 740 m, 19-21 June 1994 (SEMC). Mexico: Tabasco- 3 mi W Cardenas, 16 June 1966 (SEMC). PANAMA: Bocas del Toro- 6 km N Punta
<normalizedToken id="07C7ADD441FAD36A33BD2C37EFBAEF14" originalValue="Peña">Pena</normalizedToken>
, 27 May 1993 (CDFA).
<normalizedToken id="9AFB3B0F818F45C0A38535024DEF7A36" originalValue="Chiriquí-">Chiriqui-</normalizedToken>
Fortuna, 20 May 1978, 17 May 1978 (EGRC); La Fortuna, &quot;Cont. Divide Trail&quot;, 1150 m, 9 June 1995 (SEMC); Las Lagunas, 1360 m, 4 km W. Hato del
<normalizedToken id="519F4839568B6B7C237CA6F9F076F241" originalValue="Volcán">Volcan</normalizedToken>
, 22-23 May 1977 (CMNC); Reserva Fortuna, Continental Divide Trail, 25 May 1993 (CDFA); Hartmann's finca, St. Clara, 15-18 June 1985 (EGRC); Las Lagunas, 4 km W. Hato del
<normalizedToken id="A9BC36EDB51447BD926E9525E2F6D3E8" originalValue="Volcán">Volcan</normalizedToken>
, 1360 m, 24 May 1973 (EGRC); Santa Clara, 23-25 May 1980 (EGRC).
<normalizedToken id="0EDCC24ECAF5326FCDF2045AAC840671" originalValue="Colón-">Colon-</normalizedToken>
Parque Nac. Soberania, Pipeline Rd., km 6.1, 40 m, 14 May 1995, 21 June 1995, km 2.0, 23 June 1995 (SEMC).
<normalizedToken id="54F776A6B422571AA38850B1BCAC09F6" originalValue="Panamá-">Panama-</normalizedToken>
Old Gamboa Road, 4 June 1993 (CDFA); Old Plantation Road, 6.9 km S Gamboa, 80 m, 22 June 1995 (SEMC); Reserva Sobrina, Pipeline road, 23 May 1993, 16 May 1993 (CDFA). Peru: Huanuco- Cueva de las Pavas Canyon, 2600 feet. 8 km S. Tingo Maria, 28 April 1987 (ERGC). VENEZUELA: Aragua- Rancho Grande, 10 June 1983 (BYUC), 21 July 1990 (USNM), 8 May 1978 (EGRC). Total: 388.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

79
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<mods:title id="C77D72DB5E1D5A1F6168517B1F6B8AB2">Pheidole in the New World. A dominant, hyperdiverse ant genus.</mods:title>
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<treatment id="099B8E759B3D822090920A71FEB0F388" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6275533" ID-GBIF-Taxon="100119424" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6275533" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:099B8E759B3D822090920A71FEB0F388" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/099B8E759B3D822090920A71FEB0F388" lastPageNumber="735" pageNumber="735">
<subSubSection id="6AFAF1D044E2DCFB0EA5F9CBC4DBA8E9" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="716A04E3481659C1395ECF8EE068E514" pageNumber="735">
<taxonomicName id="E1DF5AEAD0FC3F71150ADC52F1122BE2" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:182067" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole praeses Wilson" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole praeses Wilson" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="735" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="praeses">Pheidole praeses</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="19693303537D80629BED271FAA11B6C6" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4E80FFC4D0644FD2CBCD501025A7C491" pageNumber="735">Types Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F108352DE181801A66C0A1DC5C1CA25A" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="6226BE0355D51A8FC039D340A74DFE8D" pageNumber="735">
etymology L
<taxonomicName id="7CCDB98A66BAE1FA2F5E394E7BBA5714" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:182067" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole praeses Wilson" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole praeses Wilson" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="735" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="praeses">praeses</taxonomicName>
, guard, protector.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A81A62A9CF13B0BAFFA36B9FC01393B4" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="6C6A416E4D80E38FF8A39B6B6C501D7C" pageNumber="735">
diagnosis Similar to
<taxonomicName id="C43A07F85A9541FFD6421E86594E0469" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33773" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole guilelmimuelleri Forel" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole guilelmimuelleri Forel" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="735" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="guilelmimuelleri">guilelmimuelleri</taxonomicName>
(see also
<taxonomicName id="A1CABBC11C1815684A12EF3C69E70422" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:182009" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole antillana Forel" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole antillana Forel" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="735" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="antillana">antillana</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="62850C54DE3D5FAE5EFC2216769578DA" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:182018" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole bucculenta Forel" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole bucculenta Forel" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="735" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bucculenta">bucculenta</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="2928F85D9BEC6294582A927EA49C955F" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:182042" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole heyeri Forel" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole heyeri Forel" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="735" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="heyeri">heyeri</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="57B322265F07E8B5643A475011AD6B3E" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:182045" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole hortonae Wilson" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole hortonae Wilson" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="735" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hortonae">hortonae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="A21C747181B70125BDB45042FD189619" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:182070" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole rhytifera Wilson" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole rhytifera Wilson" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="735" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rhytifera">rhytifera</taxonomicName>
; and
<taxonomicName id="72C4F8BD19BB1EAC11BC1D3ED77B9B19" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:181992" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole mamore Mann" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole mamore Mann" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="735" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mamore">mamore</taxonomicName>
in the
<taxonomicName id="99B1FFE416BCCBB346189092E1FA4D84" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33994" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole scrobifera Emery" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole scrobifera Emery" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="735" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scrobifera">scrobifera</taxonomicName>
group), differing in the following combination of traits.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="7F91FE2EDCA263CDF7674D1245F8C97E" type="description">
<paragraph id="5576BBB662F483DF48AE0111CE51D5E4" pageNumber="735">Major: very large, humerus very prominent and subangulate in dorsal-oblique view; mesonotal convexity flattened, its anterior edge subangulate; very shallow antennal scrobes present; a tiny patch of rugoreticulum exists laterad to each antennal fossa.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FA62BA3D223321FBDD1AAF49AB22BE52" pageNumber="735">Minor: occiput narrowed, with nuchal collar; transverse carinulae circling most of the posterior half of the head capsule and covering all of the pronotal dorsum; posterior half of mesopleuron and sides of propodeum longitudinally carinulate.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8F8FF16058437DD01510369EE908F64D" pageNumber="735">Measurements (mm) Holotype major: HW 2.28, HL 2.34, SL 1.08, EL 0.24, PW 1.02.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F47D42346CCA5AC6E77E99CC84F0168D" pageNumber="735">Paratype minor: HW 0.82, HL 0.92, SL 1.12, EL 0.16, PW 0.56.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A3C6433C7EA734BBF06CC7F5455C056A" pageNumber="735">color Major: overall reddish yellow; anterior fourth of head and mandibles increasingly dark in an anterior direction, so that the mandibles are light reddish brown. Minor: concolorous dark yellow.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A9B545D0635760688DDAE714C23F5B79" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="ADA0B5E0A16F486223D76153444B553A" pageNumber="735">Range Known from the type locality and Santa Tereza, Espirito Santo, 700 m, Brazil.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4705351C2F1037C9E0E5364964CBE2FA" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="176F1284FD6663959B9C51159706A7D3" pageNumber="735">biology The species occurs in montane rainforest. The Boraceia Biological Station series contains an ordinary queen, but that from Santa Tereza is accompanied by a large ergatogyne.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6219FF559A252384A294E466041BF8CC" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="1A5F2263700C8BB797910D5D62672D27" pageNumber="735">Figure Upper: holotype, major. Lower: paratype, minor. BRAZIL: Boraceia Biological Station, Mun. Salesopolis, Sao Paulo, 850 m (W. L. Brown). Scale bars = 1 mm.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>