diff --git a/data/03/98/BD/0398BD05FFE80B2208BAF980480193A5.xml b/data/03/98/BD/0398BD05FFE80B2208BAF980480193A5.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..ef35167c925
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/03/98/BD/0398BD05FFE80B2208BAF980480193A5.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,139 @@
+
+
+
+A new cryptic species of Galiblatta Hebard, 1926 (Blaberidae: Epilamprinae) from the Brazilian Amazon Basin and redescription of Galiblatta williamsi Roth, 1968
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Heleodoro, Raphael Aquino
+0000-0002-4146-371X
+Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Instituto de Biologia, Minicampus, Av. Rodrigo Otávio, s / n, 69080 - 900, Manaus, Brazil.
+raphaelnatal36@gmail.com
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Filho, Walterley Vilhena Pereira
+0009-0001-1152-7858
+Programa de Pós-Graduação em Entomologia, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Campus II, Av. André Araújo, 2936, 69060 - 001, Manaus, Brazil.
+walterley.bio@gmail.com
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Mendes, Diego Matheus De Mello
+0000-0001-5037-9686
+Coleção de Invertebrados, Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá, Caixa Postal 38.69553 - 225, Tefé, Amazonas, Brasil.
+diego.mello.mendes@gmail.com
+
+text
+
+
+Zootaxa
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-12-03
+
+
+5543
+
+
+2
+
+
+276
+286
+
+
+
+
+https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5543.2.9
+
+journal article
+306475
+10.11646/zootaxa.5543.2.9
+abe76929-3df2-4539-b924-f04c142461f6
+1175-5326
+14386174
+3C898FF8-8EED-4C70-AE6F-AC82ACF8ACE9
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Galiblatta
+Hebard, 1926
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Figures 1–6
+
+
+
+
+
+Type
+species:
+
+
+Galiblatta cribosa
+
+by original monotypy.
+
+
+
+
+
+Included species
+
+
+
+
+Galiblatta cribosa
+
+♂
+(
+type
+species).
+
+
+
+Galiblatta pipo
+
+
+sp. nov.
+
+
+
+
+Galiblatta williamsi
+
+
+
+
+
+Distribution.
+Brazil
+, French
+Guyana
+and
+Surinam
+(
+Fig. 6
+)
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/03/98/BD/0398BD05FFE80B2208BAF980482E92FD.xml b/data/03/98/BD/0398BD05FFE80B2208BAF980482E92FD.xml
deleted file mode 100644
index 1c8f8468ad2..00000000000
--- a/data/03/98/BD/0398BD05FFE80B2208BAF980482E92FD.xml
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,88 +0,0 @@
-
-
-
-A new cryptic species of Galiblatta Hebard, 1926 (Blaberidae: Epilamprinae) from the Brazilian Amazon Basin and redescription of Galiblatta williamsi Roth, 1968
-
-
-
-Author
-
-Heleodoro, Raphael Aquino
-Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Instituto de Biologia, Minicampus, Av. Rodrigo Otávio, s / n, 69080 - 900, Manaus, Brazil.
-
-
-
-Author
-
-Filho, Walterley Vilhena Pereira
-Programa de Pós-Graduação em Entomologia, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Campus II, Av. André Araújo, 2936, 69060 - 001, Manaus, Brazil.
-
-
-
-Author
-
-Mendes, Diego Matheus De Mello
-
-text
-
-
-Zootaxa
-
-
-2024
-
-2024-12-03
-
-
-5543
-
-
-2
-
-
-276
-286
-
-
-
-
-https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5543.2.9
-
-journal article
-10.11646/zootaxa.5543.2.9
-1175-5326
-14386174
-3C898FF8-8EED-4C70-AE6F-AC82ACF8ACE9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-Galiblatta
-Hebard, 1926
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-Figures 1–6
-
-
-
-
-
-Type
-species:
-
-
-Galiblatta cribosa
-
-by original monotypy.
-
-
-
-
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/03/98/BD/0398BD05FFEB0B2508BAFF384F52907F.xml b/data/03/98/BD/0398BD05FFEB0B2508BAFF384F52907F.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..d9cf7ebbeac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/03/98/BD/0398BD05FFEB0B2508BAFF384F52907F.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,507 @@
+
+
+
+A new cryptic species of Galiblatta Hebard, 1926 (Blaberidae: Epilamprinae) from the Brazilian Amazon Basin and redescription of Galiblatta williamsi Roth, 1968
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Heleodoro, Raphael Aquino
+0000-0002-4146-371X
+Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Instituto de Biologia, Minicampus, Av. Rodrigo Otávio, s / n, 69080 - 900, Manaus, Brazil.
+raphaelnatal36@gmail.com
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Filho, Walterley Vilhena Pereira
+0009-0001-1152-7858
+Programa de Pós-Graduação em Entomologia, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Campus II, Av. André Araújo, 2936, 69060 - 001, Manaus, Brazil.
+walterley.bio@gmail.com
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Mendes, Diego Matheus De Mello
+0000-0001-5037-9686
+Coleção de Invertebrados, Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá, Caixa Postal 38.69553 - 225, Tefé, Amazonas, Brasil.
+diego.mello.mendes@gmail.com
+
+text
+
+
+Zootaxa
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-12-03
+
+
+5543
+
+
+2
+
+
+276
+286
+
+
+
+
+https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5543.2.9
+
+journal article
+306475
+10.11646/zootaxa.5543.2.9
+abe76929-3df2-4539-b924-f04c142461f6
+1175-5326
+14386174
+3C898FF8-8EED-4C70-AE6F-AC82ACF8ACE9
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Galiblatta pipo
+Heleodoro, Pereira-Filho & Mendes
+
+,
+sp. nov.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Figures 1–3
+,
+6
+
+
+
+
+Etymology
+. The species name is a tribute to Filippo Pedroza Damasio, nicknamed “Pipo”, brother-in-law and dear person of the first author.
+
+
+
+
+Diagnosis.
+
+Galiblatta pipo
+
+
+sp. nov.
+
+(
+Fig. 1A–B
+) can be recognized by the light brown coloration of the male palpi and tarsus (
+Fig. 1B
+). Right tegmen has a conspicuous yellow band at cubital margin (
+Fig. 2A
+); tergite 10 not divided medially, trapezoidal, slightly emarginated at posterior margin (
+Fig. 3A–B
+); cercus with last two segments short and robust (
+Fig. 3B
+); sternite 8 rectangular, wider than long, with all margins nearly straight (
+Fig. 3C
+). Sternite 9 (subgenital plate) strongly asymmetrical, with latero-posterior part that gradually curves and increases in width, slightly convex posterior margin and robust stylus (
+Fig. 3D
+). Sclerite L2d with posterior part of constant width forming almost a 90 ºC angle; apex rounded (
+Fig. 3E–F
+). Sclerite R2 with single latero-basal spinesrather close to each other (
+Fig. 3G
+). Lower plate of sclerite L1 reniform, anterior half broadened, posterior narrowing; upper plate broad (
+Fig. 3H
+).
+
+
+
+FIGURE 1
+.
+
+Galiblatta pipo
+
+
+sp. nov.
+
+habitus. A) Dorsal; B) Ventral.
+
+
+
+Differential diagnosis.
+The new species can be easily distinguished from
+
+Galiblatta cribosa
+
+and
+
+Galiblatta williamsi
+
+by the presence of the light-yellow band on the cubital margin of tegmina (
+Fig. 2A
+) (absent in latter two species), by the almost straight margins of sternite 8 (
+Fig. 3C
+) (strongly curved in the latter two species, see
+Fig. 5C
+for
+
+Galiblatta williamsi
+
+) and by the robust styli compared to the slender styli of
+
+Galiblatta cribosa
+
+and
+
+Galiblatta williamsi
+
+(
+Fig. 3D
+for the new species, 5C for
+
+Galiblatta williamsi
+
+).
+
+
+
+FIGURE 2
+.
+
+Galiblatta pipo
+
+
+sp. nov.
+
+A) habitus dorsal; B) left posterior wing; C) right posterior wing.
+
+
+
+The male genitalia of
+
+Galiblatta cribosa
+
+differ clearly from those of the other congeneric, as they have a very long left dorsal sclerite, which is twice as long as the left dorsal sclerite of
+
+Galiblatta pipo
+
+
+sp. nov.
+
+and
+
+Galiblatta williamsi
+
+.
+
+
+Due to the morphological similarity,
+
+Galiblatta pipo
+
+
+sp. nov.
+
+is compared in more detail with
+
+Galiblatta williamsi
+.
+
+The pronotum of
+
+Galiblatta pipo
+
+
+sp. nov.
+
+is slightly less pronounced at the lateroposterior margin (
+Figs. 1A
+,
+2A
+) than that of
+
+Galiblatta williamsi
+
+(
+Fig. 4A
+); in addition, the posterior margin of the pronotum is convex in the new species, whereas is straight in
+
+Galiblatta williamsi
+
+. In
+
+Galiblatta pipo
+
+
+sp. nov.
+
+the structures are colored light brown (
+Fig. 1B
+), whereas in
+
+Galiblatta williamsi
+
+the palpi and ventral part of the tarsi are colored in a strong and shiny light-yellow (
+Figs. 4B
+,
+5A
+), sometimes also whitish. In addition, the first tarsomere of mid tarsus is 2.2 times longer than the second one in
+
+Galiblatta pipo
+
+
+sp. nov.
+
+, while this ratio is equal to
+1.7 in
+the alternative species.
+
+
+
+FIGURE 3
+.
+
+Galiblatta pipo
+
+
+sp. nov.
+
+abdominal structures. A) Tergites 8–10, dorsal view; B) Tergite 10 and paraprocts, ventral view; C) Sternites 7–9 (Subgenital plate), ventral view; D) Sternite 9 (subgenital plate), ventral view; E) Sclerite L2vm + L2d; F) Sclerite L2d; G) Sclerite R2; H) Sclerite L1.
+
+
+
+In regards to male terminalia and genitalia, the tergite 10 (supranal plate) main difference is that the posterior margin in the new species is not divided medially and the shape is trapezoidal (
+Figs. 3A–B
+), while in
+
+Galiblatta williamsi
+
+the tergite 10 is divided medially at posterior margin and has a semi-cordiform shape (
+Fig. 5B
+). Furthermore, the paraproct of the new species is rectangular (
+Fig. 3B
+), while in
+
+Galiblatta williamsi
+
+it has parabolic shape (
+Fig. 5B
+). The cercus of
+
+Galiblatta pipo
+
+
+sp. nov.
+
+is somewhat more robust compared to the of
+
+Galiblatta williamsi
+
+. The last segment of the new species is 1.5 times longer than the preceding segment, whereas it is two times longer in the latter species. In addition, the cercus of
+
+Galiblatta williamsi
+
+is 1.2 times longer than the tergite 10, whereas in the new species the cercus is shorter than the tergite 10.
+
+
+As for the subgenital plate (sternite 9), the main differences are on the lateral and posterior margin. The lateral margin of
+
+Galiblatta williamsi
+
+is wider and longer (
+Fig. 5C
+) than that of
+
+Galiblatta pipo
+
+
+sp. nov.
+
+(
+Fig. 3D
+). The new species has the posterior margin gradually widening and elongating, with a very wide aspect (
+Fig. 3D
+), while in
+
+Galiblatta williamsi
+
+the posterior margin strongly narrows towards the apex and gives the shape of a semi-trapezium to the posterior margin (
+Fig. 5C
+). Regarding the styli,
+
+Galiblatta williamsi
+
+has the left stylus conspicuously slender, while the right stylus is slightly stouter, but shorter (
+Fig. 5C
+). In
+
+Galiblatta pipo
+
+
+sp. nov.
+
+both styli are fairly stout and roughly of the same length (
+Fig. 3D
+).
+
+
+In the male genitalia, the main differences are in the sclerites L1 and L2d. In L1 of
+
+Galiblatta pipo
+
+
+sp. nov.
+
+the lower plate has a reniform shape, with anterior portion widened and posterior portion narrowing, and the lower plate has a posterior lobule very wide (
+Fig. 3H
+). In
+
+Galiblatta williamsi
+
+, the lower plate is drop-shaped and the upper plate has a posterior part that is similar in width to other parts (
+Fig. 5G
+)). In the L2d sclerite, the posterior portion points more laterally and nearly form a 90º angle in the new species, as well as having a constant width and being comparatively shorter than in
+
+Galiblatta williamsi
+
+(
+Fig. 3E–F
+). In the latter species, the L2d is pointed more latero-apically, forming roughly a 45º angle. The posterior part gradually increases in width towards the apex (
+Fig. 5D–E
+).
+
+
+Minor differences were observed in the R2 sclerite. In
+
+Galiblatta williamsi
+
+, the spines are sparse at the base and always have a pair of spines directly after the first spine (
+Fig. 5F
+) (observed in 9 analyzed males of this species). In
+
+Galiblatta pipo
+
+
+sp. nov.
+
+, the spines are closer to each other and the base does not have a pair of spines (
+Fig. 3G
+).
+
+
+
+
+
+Description.
+Holotype
+Male.
+
+
+
+Head
+(
+Fig. 1B
+). Head round, dark brown to reddish, with light brown palpi and antennae. Vertex barely surpasses pronotum; frontally with rough surface; two pale yellow ocelli near antennal socket. Eyes wide and long, having nearly half head length. Clypeus and labrum light yellow. Clypeus trapezoidal, with anterior base wider than posterior base. Labrum rectangular, with anterior margin straight, laterals slightly convex, posterior slightly concave. Palpi setose, gradually increasing in length and width from first to last segment; last segment ellipsoid. Antenna with more than 45 antennomeres, but incompletely preserved at apex.
+
+
+Thorax
+. (
+Figs. 1A–B
+) Pronotum is punctuate, with margins well marked; similar to a D shape, but with lateral and posterior slightly convex; with elevation from medial to posterior portion. Mesonotum rectangular, wider than long, dark brown, smooth. Metanotum the same as mesonotum.
+
+
+Wings
+(
+Figs. 1A
+,
+2A–C
+). Tegmina punctuated, wide, with posterior margin convex; dark brown almost entirely, except for apical third gradually turning light brown; right tegmen with conspicuous light yellow marking at cubital margin; veins inconspicuous. Posterior wing with strong golden band at costal margin; left and right wing with similar vein configuration: Subcostal posterior (ScP) ending slightly after basal third of costal margin; Radial vein bifurcation in Radial anterior (RA) and Radial posterior (RP) at basal third of wing length; RA with one bifurcation; RP with nine bifurcations; Cubital vein bifurcation only in Cubital anterior (CuA) and Cubital posterior (CuP); Postcubital vein reaching apex of medial third of wing length; Vannal veins (V) with 11 branches, V1 with four bifurcations.
+
+
+Legs
+(
+Fig. 1B
+). Very shiny, dark brown to dark reddish from coxae to femora, gradually turning light brown at tibia towards apex of tarsus. Length increasing from anterior to posterior leg. Coxae, trochanters and femora without spines on the lateral and ventral margins. All coxae ventrally bulged. All femora longer than wide, rectangular, with conspicuous large and striated sulcus on the anterior and posterior margins; dorso-apically with pair of spines. All tibia rectangular, slender. All tarsomeres slender, projecting ventrally; tarsal claw with pair of strong symmetrical spines.Anterior coxa longer than wide.Anterior tibia with two anterodorsal spines, five posterodorsal and four apical; spines sparse from each other. Mid tibia with six spines dorsoanteriorly, 10 spines on the dorsoposterior margin and two dorso- and ventroapically. Mid tarsus with first tarsomere 2.1 times longer than second. Posterior tibia with five spines at dorsoanterior margin, 12 spines on the dorsoposterior margin and two dorso- and ventroapically. Posterior tarsus with first tarsomere 2.3 times longer than second. Arolium present, subtriangular, thin.
+
+
+Abdomen
+(
+Fig. 1B
+). Tergites 1–8 shiny, pale yellow, rectangular, wider than long, with similar length. Tergite 9 the same as previous, but slightly shorter and longer. Tergite 10 undivided medially, trapezoidal, slightly emarginated at posterior margin; setose; paraproct rectangular, dark brown pigmented (
+Fig. 3A–B
+). Cercus cylindrical, with setae; last segment 1.5 times longer than previous one (
+Fig. 3A–B
+). Sternites punctuated, dark brown. Sternites 1–3 indistinct. Sternites 4–7 rectangular, wider than long, with all margins straight. Sternite 8 the same, but as long as wide and slightly narrower than previous. Sternite 9 (subgenital plate) strongly asymmetrical, with latero-posterior part that gradually curve and increase in width, posterior margin convex, not exceeding stylus (
+Fig. 3D
+). Styli asymmetrical, not segmented, with left stylus slightly shorter and thinner than right cercus, bearing only a few setae apically (
+Fig. 3D
+).
+
+
+Internal genitalia
+(
+Figs. 3E–H
+). L1 complex with a C-shaped sclerite, with both acute apexes nearly touching each other; lower plate of sclerite L1 reniform, anterior half widened, posterior narrowing; upper plate wide. L2d with constant width of posterior part, forming almost a 90º angle; apex rounded. R2 sclerite with latero-basal spines single, fairly close to each other.
+
+
+Coloration.
+Overall coloration dark brown, with light yellow to light brown spots, very shiny tegument.
+
+Female: Unknown.
+
+Geographical records.
+Brazil
+:
+Amazonas
+(
+Fig. 6
+).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Type
+data.
+
+“
+Brasil
+,
+Amazonas
+,
+Manaus
+,
+Reserva Ducke
+,
+2º55’49”S
+,
+59º58’31”W
+,
+
+25.iii.2011
+
+”, registered under catalog number
+INPA-BLA 000148
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+Measurements (mm).
+Holotype
+♂
+. Total length 18.7; head (frontal view) 3.4; mandibular palpi (from base to apex) 2.2; pronotum 5.5; left tegmina 14.3; right tegmina 15.1; anterior coxa 2.5; anterior femur 3.2; anterior tibia 2.8; rmid coxa 2.8; mid femur 3.9; mid tibia 3.1; posterior coxa 3.4; posterior femur 4.6.
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/03/98/BD/0398BD05FFEF0B2408BAFB294E499375.xml b/data/03/98/BD/0398BD05FFEF0B2408BAFB294E499375.xml
index 91eb2ecf268..230e8c9b952 100644
--- a/data/03/98/BD/0398BD05FFEF0B2408BAFB294E499375.xml
+++ b/data/03/98/BD/0398BD05FFEF0B2408BAFB294E499375.xml
@@ -1,60 +1,69 @@
-
-
-
-A new cryptic species of Galiblatta Hebard, 1926 (Blaberidae: Epilamprinae) from the Brazilian Amazon Basin and redescription of Galiblatta williamsi Roth, 1968
+
+
+
+A new cryptic species of Galiblatta Hebard, 1926 (Blaberidae: Epilamprinae) from the Brazilian Amazon Basin and redescription of Galiblatta williamsi Roth, 1968
-
-
-Author
+
+
+Author
-Heleodoro, Raphael Aquino
-Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Instituto de Biologia, Minicampus, Av. Rodrigo Otávio, s / n, 69080 - 900, Manaus, Brazil.
+Heleodoro, Raphael Aquino
+0000-0002-4146-371X
+Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Instituto de Biologia, Minicampus, Av. Rodrigo Otávio, s / n, 69080 - 900, Manaus, Brazil.
+raphaelnatal36@gmail.com
-
-
-Author
+
+
+Author
-Filho, Walterley Vilhena Pereira
-Programa de Pós-Graduação em Entomologia, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Campus II, Av. André Araújo, 2936, 69060 - 001, Manaus, Brazil.
+Filho, Walterley Vilhena Pereira
+0009-0001-1152-7858
+Programa de Pós-Graduação em Entomologia, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Campus II, Av. André Araújo, 2936, 69060 - 001, Manaus, Brazil.
+walterley.bio@gmail.com
-
-
-Author
+
+
+Author
-Mendes, Diego Matheus De Mello
+Mendes, Diego Matheus De Mello
+0000-0001-5037-9686
+Coleção de Invertebrados, Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá, Caixa Postal 38.69553 - 225, Tefé, Amazonas, Brasil.
+diego.mello.mendes@gmail.com
-text
-
-
-Zootaxa
+text
+
+
+Zootaxa
-
-2024
-
-2024-12-03
+
+2024
+
+2024-12-03
-
-5543
+
+5543
-
-2
+
+2
-
-276
-286
+
+276
+286
-
-https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5543.2.9
+
+https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5543.2.9
-journal article
-10.11646/zootaxa.5543.2.9
-1175-5326
-14386174
-3C898FF8-8EED-4C70-AE6F-AC82ACF8ACE9
+journal article
+306475
+10.11646/zootaxa.5543.2.9
+abe76929-3df2-4539-b924-f04c142461f6
+1175-5326
+14386174
+3C898FF8-8EED-4C70-AE6F-AC82ACF8ACE9
-
+
@@ -95,9 +104,7 @@
). Head rounded, dark brown to reddish, with light yellow palpi and antenna. Vertex barely surpasses pronotum; frontally with rough surface; two pale yellow and bright spots near antennal socket. Eyes wide and long, having nearly half head length. Clypeus trapezoidal, with anterior base wider than posterior base. Labrum rectangular, with anterior margin straight, laterals slightly convex, posterior slightly concave. Palpi setose, gradually increasing in length and width from first to last segment; last segment ellipsoid. Antenna with more than 45 antennomeres, but incomplete at apex.
-
Thorax
-
(
Fig. 4A
). Pronotum punctate, with well-defined margins; similar to a D-shape, but with convex lateral margin and straight posterior margin; with elevation from median to posterior part. Mesonotum rectangular, wider than long, dark brown, smooth. Metanotum equal.
@@ -147,14 +154,14 @@ habitus. A) Dorsal; B) Ventral.
Material examined
.
-
+
Brasil
,
-AM
+AM
,
-Manaus
+Manaus
,
-Reserva Adolpho Ducke
+Reserva Adolpho Ducke
,
02º55’51”S
,
@@ -170,34 +177,26 @@ col. (
)
/
-
-Same
-data as previous, but
+
+Same data as previous, but
2º55’49,5”S
,
59º58’31,8”W
, active nocturnal collect,
-10-14.v- 2011
+10-14.v-2011
-, L-O 08, P 4500,
-Primary Forest
-,
-V
-.
-D. Tarli
+, L-O 08, P 4500, Primary Forest,
+V.D. Tarli
&
-V
-.
-Linard
+V. Linard
cols. (
4♂
)
/
-
-Same
-data as before, but
+
+Same data as before, but
24-27.v.2011
@@ -206,16 +205,16 @@ data as before, but
)
/
-
+
Brasil
,
-AM
+AM
,
-Manaus
+Manaus
,
INPA 1
,
-Bosque da Ciência
+Bosque da Ciência
,
30.v.2011
diff --git a/data/03/FD/87/03FD878F4F0EFF92C7B8FF67FC0EFC8C.xml b/data/03/FD/87/03FD878F4F0EFF92C7B8FF67FC0EFC8C.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..42bbeff087e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/03/FD/87/03FD878F4F0EFF92C7B8FF67FC0EFC8C.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,496 @@
+
+
+
+What are Halomachilis akkesiensis and Halomachilis kojimai described from Hokkaido, Japan? (Insecta: Archaeognatha: Machilidae)
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Mtow, Shodo
+0000-0003-0092-5823
+Department of Agrobiological Resources, Faculty of Agriculture, Meijo University, 1 - 501 Shiogamaguchi, Tenpaku, Nagoya, Aichi 468 - 8502, Japan. & Faculty of Symbiotic Systems Science, Fukushima University, Kanayagawa 1, Fukushima, Fukushima 960 - 1296, Japan.
+mtow@meijo-u.ac.jp
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Machida, Ryuichiro
+0000-0003-3900-3412
+Sugadaira Research Station, Mountain Science Center, University of Tsukuba, Sugadaira Kogen 1278 - 294, Ueda, Nagano 386 - 2204, Japan.
+machida@sugadaira.tsukuba.ac.jp
+
+text
+
+
+Zootaxa
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-12-04
+
+
+5543
+
+
+3
+
+
+445
+450
+
+
+
+
+https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5543.3.10
+
+journal article
+10.11646/zootaxa.5543.3.10
+1175-5326
+14386199
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Petrobiellus akkesiensis
+(
+Uchida, 1949
+)
+
+comb. nov.
+
+
+
+
+
+[Japanese name: kojima-ishinomi]
+
+
+
+(
+Figs. 2
+,
+3
+)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Halomachilis akkesiensis
+Uchida, 1949:110
+
+
+;
+
+Uchida 1955:32
+
+;
+
+Tadauchi 1989:18
+
+;
+
+Machida 1996:58
+
+;
+
+Machida 2020:77
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Halomachilis kojimai
+Uchida, 1950:4
+
+
+;
+
+Uchida 1965:1
+
+;
+
+Uchida 1988:529
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Petrobius kojimai
+
+:
+
+Machida 1999:799
+
+;
+
+Machida 2015:1549
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+
+Petrobiellus kojimai
+
+:
+
+Machida 2008:6
+
+
+
+
+
+
+General features similar to those described by
+Uchida (1949
+,
+1950
+). Body length of males
+11–12 mm
+, that of females
+12–13 mm
+. Antennal length approximately
+15 mm
+. Cerci strongly curving outwards (
+Figs. 2A, B
+) and approximately
+5 mm
+long; caudal filament approximately
+15 mm
+long. The scale pattern on the dorsal body surface as shown in
+Figs. 2A, B
+. Scales absent from the antennae (
+Fig. 2C
+), maxillary and labial palpi (
+Figs. 2D, E
+), thoracic legs (
+Figs. 2F–H
+), and coxal and abdominal styli (
+Figs. 2G–J
+). Compound eyes in living specimens army-green in color; dark pigmentation present on the scapus (
+Fig. 2C
+), pedicellus (
+Fig. 2C
+), maxillary and labial palpi (
+Figs. 2D, E
+), and thoracic legs (
+Figs. 2F–H
+). Ovipositor extremely long (
+Figs. 2B, J
+).
+
+
+
+
+Remarks
+
+
+The ovipositor is much longer than indicated in
+Uchida (1950)
+, who had described the ovipositor of the species as short, with its apex slightly surpassing the end of coxite IX. This difference could probably be attributed to the specimens Uchida examined being younger females: the body length in Uchida’s description was
+9–10 mm
+, whereas that of females we examined was
+12–13 mm
+.
+
+
+
+Petrobiellus
+
+is an enigmatic, halophilic genus of
+Archaeognatha
+found only in
+Japan
+and the Russian Far East. Absence of scales on the appendages is one of the most significant diagnostic features of
+
+Petrobiellus
+
+(
+Silvestri 1943
+;
+Sturm & Machida 2001
+;
+Mtow 2021
+).
+
+
+The genus contains of four validly described species:
+
+Petrobiellus takunagae
+Silvestri, 1943
+
+[from Shirahama,
+Wakayama
+,
+Japan
+(
+Silvestri 1943
+) and from Shimoda,
+Shizuoka
+,
+Japan
+(
+Machida 1999
+,
+2020
+)],
+
+P. curvistylis
+Uchida, 1954
+
+[from Hachijo Island,
+Tokyo
+,
+Japan
+(
+Uchida 1954
+)],
+
+P. kusakini
+Kaplin, 1980
+
+[from Simushir Island, Chishima Islands,
+Japan
+(
+Kaplin 1980
+)], and
+
+P. sachalinensis
+Kaplin, 2020
+
+[from
+Sakhalin
+Island,
+Russia
+Kaplin (2020)
+] (
+Sturm & Machida 2001
+;
+Mtow 2021
+).
+
+Ma
+et al
+. (2015)
+
+detected two “
+
+Petrobiellus
+
+” species from
+Yunnan Province
+,
+China
+, i.e.,
+
+P
+.
+bannaensis
+(Mengla County, Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture)
+
+and
+
+P
+.
+puerensis
+
+(Ning’er Hani and Yi Autonomous County), based only on molecular data. Their descriptions (and proposed names) are apparently unavailable as
+Kaplin (2020)
+mentioned, for the following reasons: 1) no morphological descriptions were included; 2) no
+types
+were designated; 3) the descriptions were made without designating
+types
+, and 4) the concerned species were not declared to be new species [cf. International Commission of
+Zoological Nomenclature (2000)
+, Arts. 13.1.1., 16.1., 16.4.].
+
+
+
+Petrobiellus
+
+was originally described by
+Silvestri (1943)
+, based only on females. Later,
+Uchida (1954)
+described
+
+P
+.
+curvistylis
+
+, including information on males, and the junior author (RM) succeeded in collecting the males of
+
+P
+.
+takunagae
+
+, which is the
+type
+species of
+
+Petrobiellus
+
+(
+Sturm & Machida 2001
+;
+Machida 2008
+;
+Klass & Matushkina 2018
+):
+Machida (2020)
+had suggested
+
+P
+.
+curvistylis
+
+could possibly be a synonym of
+
+P
+.
+takunagae
+
+. As for
+
+P
+.
+akkesiensis
+
+, no male was identified (
+Uchida 1950
+,
+1965
+;
+Machida 2008
+), but the senior author (SM) recently successfully collected and identified males (
+Figs. 2A, I
+). The males of
+
+P
+.
+akkesiensis
+
+share several remarkably similar features of the genitalia with the males of
+
+P
+.
+curvistylis
+
+and
+
+P
+.
+takunagae
+
+(
+Uchida 1954
+;
+Sturm & Machida 2001
+;
+Klass & Matushkina 2018
+): 1) the distal part of the penis is sclerotized and hook-shaped, 2) coxites IX are medially strongly concave, 3) styli IX are robust with the concaved medial side, on which dark strong setae are densely distributed, and 4) the paramerae, which are present only in abdominal segment IX, are slender (
+Fig. 2I
+).
+
+
+
+
+
+Biological notes
+
+
+
+
+Petrobiellus akkesiensis
+
+was collected by us on
+September 1, 1990
+, and
+June 6–7, 2022
+, from the supralittoral cliffs or from under rolling stones along the rocky coasts, around the Akkeshi Marine Station, Field Science Centre for Northern Biosphere,
+Hokkaido
+University, Aikappu, Akkeshi Town, Akkeshi County, Kushiro Subprefecture,
+Hokkaido
+,
+Japan
+(
+Figs. 1A–D
+).
+Uchida (1965)
+had previously reported that
+
+P
+.
+akkesiensis
+
+also inhabited the Kaki Islands in Lake Akkeshi, but the Kaki Islands now no longer exist due to subsidence (the approximate area where the islands were is depicted with a dotted line in
+Fig. 1C
+).
+
+
+
+FIGURE 2.
+External features of
+
+Petrobiellus akkesiensis
+
+
+comb. nov.
+
+(A) Male habitus. (B) Female habitus. (C–H) Female morphology. (C) Right antenna, anterior (medial) view. (D) Left maxilla, lateral view. (E) Labium, posterior view. (F) Left foreleg, posterior (lateral) view. (G) Left middle leg, posterior view. (H) Left hind leg, posterior (medial) view. (I) Male genitalic region, ventral view. (J) Post-abdomen of female, ventrolateral view. Abbreviations: Cx9: coxite IX; Ov: ovipositor; Pa: paramera; Pe: penis; St9: stylus IX. Scale bars: A, B, 5 mm; C–H, J, 1 mm; I, 0.5 mm.
+
+
+
+
+FIGURE 3.
+Field observations of
+
+Petrobiellus akkesiensis
+
+
+comb. nov.
+
+(A) Adults gathered on a rock. (B) Exuviae left in cluster.
+
+
+
+
+Petrobiellus akkesiensis
+
+individuals live close to each other in high density (
+Fig. 3A
+), similar to halophilic archaeognathan
+
+Petrobius
+spp.
+
+(
+Larink 1968
+). The sex ratio of
+
+P
+.
+akkesiensis
+
+seems strongly biased towards females. On
+June 6, 2022
+, 75 individuals were collected, among which seven were males and 68 were females; and among 122 exuviae found in a crevice of the cliff eight were males and 114 were females (
+Fig. 3B
+).
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FF0039D292DA96AA37A8DB6B.xml b/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FF0039D292DA96AA37A8DB6B.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..1c63878da28
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FF0039D292DA96AA37A8DB6B.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,195 @@
+
+
+
+The Scale Insects Of Iran (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) Part 3 The Soft Scales (Coccidae) And Other Families
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Moghaddam, Masumeh
+Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Watson, Gillian W.
+0000-0001-9914-0094
+Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran. & Science: Research, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, U. K. gillian. watson @ nhm. ac. uk; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 9914 - 0094 * Corresponding author. moghadam @ iripp. ir; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0908 - 838 X & Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.
+gillian.watson@nhm.ac.uk
+
+text
+
+
+Zootaxa
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-11-29
+
+
+5542
+
+
+1
+
+
+1
+202
+
+
+
+
+https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1
+
+journal article
+306474
+10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1
+b349e73d-c49e-418c-81f7-c5d32e136362
+1175-5334
+14385386
+2DB3A5B7-4292-4CD9-B6D8-FA97EB48DD16
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Porphyrophora tritici
+(Bodenheimer)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+(
+Fig. 76
+, distribution map
+Fig. 92F
+)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Margarodes tritici
+Bodenheimer, 1941: 81
+
+
+.
+
+Porphyrophora tritici
+(Bodenheimer)
+
+;
+
+Borchsenius 1950: 30
+
+;
+
+Jakubski 1965: 26
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+
+Field characteristics:
+Body of adult female more-or-less egg-shaped and slightly hairy, with derm flexible and soft; body pink (
+Jakubski 1965
+) or red to bright red; the test is a thick, dense, felt-like cocoon, completely enclosing the insect (
+Vahedi & Hodgson 2007
+).
+
+
+
+
+Microscopic diagnosis:
+Slide-mounted adult female with both surfaces of body rather patchily covered by long hair-like setae in sparse, uneven segmental bands each 2–4 setae wide, and small setae. Antennae each with 7 segments; sensillum placodeum on segment IV usually present, circular, containing 3–5 small sensilla, and usually with 1 small fleshy seta next to sensilla placodeum (not illustrated); segment V with 1 seta, other intermediate segments naked; apical segment longer than segment II and longer than wide, with ventral distal margin flattened, bearing some flagellate setae, several fleshy setae and sensilla placodea. Prothoracic legs each with tarsus fused with claw, enlarged claw without a denticle. Thoracic spiracles with each peritreme with an apodeme; with 6–9 spiracular disc-pores; lateral margin of each peritreme usually with 2 or 3 perispiracular sensilla. Abdominal spiracles often absent, but 1 pair occasionally present on abdominal segments I or II. Multilocular disc-pores each with 1–3 rings of evenly distributed loculi, but middle and inner rings almost always incomplete; each outer ring with 7–14 loculi; middle ring with 8–10 loculi; inner ring mostly without loculi but rarely with 1 or 2; some (not all) posterior multilocular disc-pores tending to be larger, particularly around genital opening. Anal opening with sclerotized rim on dorsal margin, surrounded by an area of derm without setae or pores. Vulva membranous, surrounded by radially folded area; atrium long and narrow.
+
+
+
+
+Distribution:
+
+Porphyrophora tritici
+
+is known from
+Armenia
+,
+Iraq
+,
+Syria
+,
+Türkiye
+(
+Turkey
+) and
+Iran
+, where it has been found in Azarbaijan -e Sharghi and
+Kermanshah
+provinces (
+Vahedi & Hodgson 2007
+;
+
+García Morales
+et al
+. 2016
+
+).
+
+
+
+
+Host-plants:
+The species has been recorded on host-plants belonging to the genus
+
+Triticum
+
+(family
+Poaceae
+) (
+
+García Morales
+et al
+. 2016
+
+). In
+Iran
+, it was found on wheat,
+
+T. aestivum
+(
+Moghaddam & Tavakoli 2010
+)
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+Economic importance:
+
+Porphyrophora tritici
+
+is of no economic importance in
+Iran
+, but might become a problem on wheat if accidentally introduced to other parts of the world.
+
+
+Natural enemies:
+None recorded in
+Iran
+.
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FF0A39D592DA926135D1DCB6.xml b/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FF0A39D592DA926135D1DCB6.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..16c227ff1b6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FF0A39D592DA926135D1DCB6.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,239 @@
+
+
+
+The Scale Insects Of Iran (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) Part 3 The Soft Scales (Coccidae) And Other Families
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Moghaddam, Masumeh
+Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Watson, Gillian W.
+0000-0001-9914-0094
+Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran. & Science: Research, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, U. K. gillian. watson @ nhm. ac. uk; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 9914 - 0094 * Corresponding author. moghadam @ iripp. ir; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0908 - 838 X & Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.
+gillian.watson@nhm.ac.uk
+
+text
+
+
+Zootaxa
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-11-29
+
+
+5542
+
+
+1
+
+
+1
+202
+
+
+
+
+https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1
+
+journal article
+306474
+10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1
+b349e73d-c49e-418c-81f7-c5d32e136362
+1175-5334
+14385386
+2DB3A5B7-4292-4CD9-B6D8-FA97EB48DD16
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Porphyrophora hamelii
+Brandt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+(
+Fig. 73
+, distribution map
+Fig. 92C
+)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Porphyrophora hamelii
+Brandt
+
+in
+
+Brandt & Ratzeburg, 1833: 356
+
+.
+
+
+Porphyrophora armeniaca
+Burmeister, 1835: 78
+
+
+.
+
+
+Coccus radicis
+Meyer, 1854: 336
+
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+
+Field characteristics:
+Live adult female very hairy (
+Jakubski 1965
+). Colour not noted.
+
+
+
+
+Microscopic diagnosis:
+Slide-mounted adult female broadly oval; dorsum and venter of body densely covered by long hair-like setae and small setae. Antennae each with 10 segments, with apical segment much wider than long; sensillum placodeum on segment IV usually present, elongate oval, containing probably 4–6 sensilla plus a short fleshy seta; other intermediate segments naked; apical segment enlarged, bearing some flagellate setae, several fleshy setae and sensilla. Prothoracic legs each with tarsus fused with claw; enlarged claw at least 2.0x longer than basal width, without a denticle. Thoracic spiracles slightly larger than those on most other
+
+Porphyrophora
+species
+
+, each with an apodeme; each peritreme with about 5–12 spiracular disc-pores and a group of 2–12 perispiracular sensilla on lateral margin. Abdominal spiracles absent. Anterior multilocular disc-pores each with 1 ring of loculi, each ring mostly with 10–14 loculi; mainly present in transverse segmental bands 3–5 pores wide; some (but not all) posterior multilocular disc-pores tending to be slightly larger, these almost always with 2 rings of loculi. Anal opening with a thin, semicircular, poorly sclerotized rim on dorsal margin, surrounded by an area of derm without setae or pores.
+
+
+
+
+FIGURE 72.
+Adult female of
+
+Porphyrophora cynodontis
+(Archangelskaya)
+
+, modified from
+Vahedi & Hodgson (2007)
+, page 44, fig. 8.
+
+
+
+
+FIGURE 73.
+Adult female of
+
+Porphyrophora hamelii
+Brandt
+
+, modified from
+Vahedi & Hodgson (2007)
+, page 58, fig. 13.
+
+
+
+
+Distribution:
+
+Porphyrophora hamelii
+
+is known from
+Armenia
+,
+Türkiye
+(
+Turkey
+) and
+Iran
+(
+Kaussari 1957
+;
+
+García Morales
+et al
+. 2016
+
+), where it has been recorded from
+Ardabil
+and
+Hamadan
+provinces (
+Farahbakhsh 1961
+).
+
+
+
+
+Host-plants:
+The species has been recorded on grasses belonging to the genera
+
+Aeluropus
+,
+Cynodon
+,
+Phragmites
+
+and
+
+Poa
+
+(family
+Poaceae
+) (
+
+García Morales
+et al
+. 2016
+
+). In
+Iran
+, the host-plant was not recorded.
+
+
+
+
+Economic importance:
+
+Porphyrophora hamelii
+
+is of no economic importance in
+Iran
+.
+
+
+Natural enemies:
+None recorded in
+Iran
+.
+
+
+
+
+Comments:
+
+Porphyrophora hamelii
+
+is considered to have been one of the major sources of carmine dye used in colouring textiles and paintings in medieval and earlier times and was of great economic significance (
+Cardon 2007
+).
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FF0D39DF92DA96A03656DEF0.xml b/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FF0D39DF92DA96A03656DEF0.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..ddfdf4b929e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FF0D39DF92DA96A03656DEF0.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+
+
+
+The Scale Insects Of Iran (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) Part 3 The Soft Scales (Coccidae) And Other Families
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Moghaddam, Masumeh
+Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Watson, Gillian W.
+0000-0001-9914-0094
+Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran. & Science: Research, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, U. K. gillian. watson @ nhm. ac. uk; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 9914 - 0094 * Corresponding author. moghadam @ iripp. ir; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0908 - 838 X & Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.
+gillian.watson@nhm.ac.uk
+
+text
+
+
+Zootaxa
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-11-29
+
+
+5542
+
+
+1
+
+
+1
+202
+
+
+
+
+https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1
+
+journal article
+306474
+10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1
+b349e73d-c49e-418c-81f7-c5d32e136362
+1175-5334
+14385386
+2DB3A5B7-4292-4CD9-B6D8-FA97EB48DD16
+
+
+
+
+
+Genus
+
+NIDULARIA
+Targioni Tozzetti
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Nidularia
+Targioni Tozzetti, 1868: 727
+
+
+.
+Type
+species:
+
+Coccus pulvinatus
+Planchon
+
+, by subsequent designation of
+
+Signoret 1875: 17
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+
+Diagnostic characters of the adult female:
+Body of live adult female oval, soft, flat, brownish dorsally and with a yellowish white venter that secretes a waxy ovisac. Slide-mounted adult female without legs; tubular ducts present; dorsal setae, if present, conical; anal ring with both pores and setae. With narrow ventral submarginal band of tubular ducts (only 1‒4 ducts wide) also containing some quinquelocular and bilocular pores. Abdomen without irregular sclerotized spots (
+
+Miller
+et al
+. 2014
+
+;
+Spodek & Ben-Dov 2014
+). Anterior spiracles usually about same size as posterior spiracles.
+
+
+
+
+Comments
+: Worldwide, three species are included in
+
+Nidularia
+(
+
+García Morales
+et al
+. 2016
+
+)
+
+;
+
+N. balachowsky
+Bodenheimer
+
+has been recorded from
+Iran
+(
+Bodenheimer 1941
+).
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FF0F39DB92DA92F330ACD976.xml b/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FF0F39DB92DA92F330ACD976.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..df27958b029
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FF0F39DB92DA92F330ACD976.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,297 @@
+
+
+
+The Scale Insects Of Iran (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) Part 3 The Soft Scales (Coccidae) And Other Families
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Moghaddam, Masumeh
+Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Watson, Gillian W.
+0000-0001-9914-0094
+Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran. & Science: Research, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, U. K. gillian. watson @ nhm. ac. uk; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 9914 - 0094 * Corresponding author. moghadam @ iripp. ir; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0908 - 838 X & Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.
+gillian.watson@nhm.ac.uk
+
+text
+
+
+Zootaxa
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-11-29
+
+
+5542
+
+
+1
+
+
+1
+202
+
+
+
+
+https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1
+
+journal article
+306474
+10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1
+b349e73d-c49e-418c-81f7-c5d32e136362
+1175-5334
+14385386
+2DB3A5B7-4292-4CD9-B6D8-FA97EB48DD16
+
+
+
+
+
+Genus
+
+PORPHYROPHORA
+Brandt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Porphyrophora
+Brandt
+
+in
+
+Brandt & Ratzeburg, 1833: 355
+
+.
+Type
+species:
+
+Porphyrophora frischii
+Brandt, 1833
+
+by subsequent designation of
+
+Kirkaldy 1906: 254
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+
+Diagnostic characters of the adult female
+(derived from
+Foldi 2005
+): Live adult female oval, red-brown to violet, becoming coated with a white waxy secretion after mating occurs. Derm soft, flexible and hairy. Slide-mounted, body broadly oval, with both surfaces always covered by long hair-like setae and small setae; spines absent.Antennae each with 7 to 18 segments; usually antennal segment IV with a sensillum placodeum (
+Figs 70
+and
+71P
+) consisting of a small area with a group of campaniform sensilla and some setae. Mouthparts absent. Prothoracic leg strongly developed, fossorial, with wide femur and enlarged, pointed claw. Thoracic spiracles with multilocular disc-pores in atrium. Abdominal spiracles numbering 0‒2 pairs anteriorly. Multilocular disc-pores usually numerous. Anal opening situated in an area of naked cuticle, surrounded by numerous setae. Vulva opening small and membranous, surrounded by radial folds of derm; derm around vulva mostly naked. Immature cysts living attached to roots or, rarely, found on base of plant near soil.
+
+
+
+
+Comments:
+Worldwide, 50 species are included in
+
+Porphyrophora
+
+(
+Vahedi & Hodgson 2007
+,
+
+García Morales
+et al
+. 2016
+
+); seven species have been recorded from
+Iran
+(
+Moghaddam 2013
+). The species are all very similar morphologically, making identification extremely difficult; in the future, use molecular analyses should help to separate and identify the species with confidence.
+
+
+
+
+FIGURE 69.
+General morphology of an adult female of
+Margarodidae
+, modified from
+Vahedi & Hodgson (2007)
+, page 32, fig. 3.
+A,
+long hair-like seta;
+B,
+antenna;
+C,
+anterior thoracic spiracle;
+D,
+spiracular disc-pore;
+E,
+anal opening;
+F,
+genital opening (= vulva);
+G,
+prothoracic leg;
+H,
+mesothoracic leg;
+I,
+multilocular disc-pore;
+J,
+abdominal spiracle with disc-pores in atrium.
+
+
+
+
+
+Key to species of
+
+Porphyrophora
+
+in
+Iran
+,
+
+based on slide-mounted adult females.
+
+
+Note:
+The separation of
+
+Porphyrophora
+species
+
+is very difficult. The user may find reference to
+Fig. 70
+helpful.
+
+
+
+
+
+1(0) Prothoracic legs with claw short, claw length less than 1.7x basal width...........................
+
+chelodonta
+Vahedi
+
+
+
+
+- Prothoracic leg with claw long, claw at least 2.0x longer than basal width......................................... 2
+
+
+
+
+2(1) Antenna with 7–12 segments. Sensillum placodeum on antennal segment IV usually present, elongate oval / not clearly circular, normally containing 4–12 sensilla........................................................................ 3
+
+
+- Antenna with 7 or 8 segments. Sensillum placodeum on antennal segment IV usually present, circular and normally containing 3‒5 (occasionally 6) sensilla............................................................................ 5
+
+
+
+
+
+3(2) Sensillum placodeum on antennal segment IV usually present, elongate oval and containing 7–12 sensilla. Antenna with 9–12 segments, with apical segment about as long as wide..................................
+
+cynodontis
+(Archangelskaya)
+
+
+
+
+- Sensillum placodeum on antennal segment IV usually present, elongate oval to elliptical, containing 4–7 sensilla. Antenna with 7–10 segments, with apical segment dimensions various...................................................... 4
+
+
+
+
+
+4(3) Antenna with apical segment much wider than long. Sensillum placodeum on antennal segment IV usually present, elongate oval, containing 4–6 sensilla.................................................................
+
+hamelii
+Brandt
+
+
+
+
+
+- Antenna with apical segment as wide as
+or
+slightly wider than long. Sensillum placodeum on antennal segment IV usually present, subcircular to elliptical, containing 5–7 sensilla...............................
+
+medicaginis
+Jashenko
+
+(in part)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+5(2) Antennal segment IV with a very long seta. Body segments on both surfaces each with dense band of long setae, except for abdominal segment I on dorsum and segment III on venter each with only a single transverse row of setae....................................................................................................
+
+victoriae
+Jashenko
+
+
+
+
+- Antennal segment IV with seta short or absent. All body segments on both surfaces with dense bands or clusters of long setae. .. ................................................................................................. 6
+
+
+
+
+
+6(5) Antenna with apical segment obviously longer than wide. Sensillum placodeum on antennal segment IV usually present, circular, containing 3–5 sensilla. Antennal segment V with 1 seta of moderate length................
+
+tritici
+Bodenheimer
+
+
+
+
+
+- Antenna with apical segment as wide as
+or
+slightly wider than long. Sensillum placodeum on antennal segment IV usually present, circular, containing 3–7 sensilla. Antennal segment V with or without 1 minute seta......................... 7
+
+
+
+
+
+
+7(6) Antenna with 7–9 segments. Thoracic spiracles each with 2–7 perispiracular sensilla located far from margin of peritreme. Antennal segment V without seta................................................
+
+medicaginis
+Jashenko
+
+(in part)
+
+
+
+
+- Antenna with 7 segments. Thoracic spiracles each with 2 perispiracular sensilla located on lateral margin of peritreme.Antennal segment V with 1 minute seta..............................................................
+
+jashenkoi
+Vahedi
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FF1139C292DA92FB30ADDC09.xml b/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FF1139C292DA92FB30ADDC09.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..8be4d0a5d33
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FF1139C292DA92FB30ADDC09.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,178 @@
+
+
+
+The Scale Insects Of Iran (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) Part 3 The Soft Scales (Coccidae) And Other Families
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Moghaddam, Masumeh
+Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Watson, Gillian W.
+0000-0001-9914-0094
+Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran. & Science: Research, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, U. K. gillian. watson @ nhm. ac. uk; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 9914 - 0094 * Corresponding author. moghadam @ iripp. ir; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0908 - 838 X & Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.
+gillian.watson@nhm.ac.uk
+
+text
+
+
+Zootaxa
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-11-29
+
+
+5542
+
+
+1
+
+
+1
+202
+
+
+
+
+https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1
+
+journal article
+306474
+10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1
+b349e73d-c49e-418c-81f7-c5d32e136362
+1175-5334
+14385386
+2DB3A5B7-4292-4CD9-B6D8-FA97EB48DD16
+
+
+
+
+
+Genus
+
+KERMES
+Boitard
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Kermes
+Boitard, 1828: 171
+
+
+.
+Type
+species:
+
+Coccus variegatus
+Gmelin
+
+, by subsequent designation of
+
+Fernald 1903: 60
+
+.
+
+
+Talla
+von Heyden, 1860: 90
+
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+
+Diagnostic characters of the adult female:
+Live post-reproductive adult female
+
+Kermes
+
+are heavy sclerotized, spherical or shaped like a heart, bud or gall; they are light brown to black, and do not produce an ovisac. Slide-mounted adult female with legs each with 3‒5 segments; dorsum with some conical setae and tubular ducts; anal ring may contain setae but never pores. venter with broad submarginal band of tubular ducts, with some ducts wrench shaped (
+Fig. 66F
+); without submarginal rows of quinquelocular or bilocular pores. Irregular sclerotized spots often present on both surfaces of abdomen. Anterior spiracles usually much smaller than posterior spiracles.
+
+
+
+
+Comments:
+Worldwide, 64 species are included in
+
+Kermes
+(
+
+García Morales
+et al
+. 2016
+
+)
+
+;
+
+K. quercus
+(Linnaeus)
+
+and
+
+K. spatulatus
+Balachowsky
+
+have been recorded from
+Iran
+(
+Moghaddam 2009
+).
+
+
+
+
+
+Key to species of
+
+Kermes
+
+in
+Iran
+,
+
+based on slide-mounted adult females.
+
+
+
+
+
+1(0) Antennae each with 2 or 3 segments. Legs reduced, each with 3 segments. Anal ring situated near abdominal apex; margin of ring complete. Venter with tubular ducts of 1 size............................................
+
+quercus
+(Linnaeus)
+
+
+
+
+
+- Antennae each with 5 or 6 segments. Legs well developed, each with 4 or 5 segments. Anal ring dorsal; anterior margin of ring open. Venter with tubular ducts of 2 sizes...............................................
+
+spatulatus
+Balachowsky
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FF1739C592DA97C33681DE77.xml b/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FF1739C592DA97C33681DE77.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..3c889cea89d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FF1739C592DA97C33681DE77.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
+
+
+
+The Scale Insects Of Iran (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) Part 3 The Soft Scales (Coccidae) And Other Families
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Moghaddam, Masumeh
+Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Watson, Gillian W.
+0000-0001-9914-0094
+Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran. & Science: Research, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, U. K. gillian. watson @ nhm. ac. uk; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 9914 - 0094 * Corresponding author. moghadam @ iripp. ir; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0908 - 838 X & Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.
+gillian.watson@nhm.ac.uk
+
+text
+
+
+Zootaxa
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-11-29
+
+
+5542
+
+
+1
+
+
+1
+202
+
+
+
+
+https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1
+
+journal article
+306474
+10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1
+b349e73d-c49e-418c-81f7-c5d32e136362
+1175-5334
+14385386
+2DB3A5B7-4292-4CD9-B6D8-FA97EB48DD16
+
+
+
+
+
+Genus
+
+UHLERIA
+Cooke
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Uhleria
+Cooke, 1881: 41
+
+
+.
+Type
+species:
+
+Eriococcus araucariae
+Maskell
+
+by monotypy.
+
+
+
+
+
+Diagnostic characters of the adult female:
+Slide-mounted, body elongate oval, tapering posteriorly. Antennae each with 7 segments. Frontal lobes present. Labium 3 segmented, basal segment weakly developed, bearing 2 pairs of hair-like setae (not illustrated). Legs well developed, hind coxae often with spinulae on anterior surfaces, and translucent pores; hind femora dorsally with 0–8 pores; hind tibia with 4 setae, claw usually with a denticle; tarsal and claw digitules longer than claw; spiracles often with a few associated disc pores. Discoidal pores usually trilocular and quinquelocular; cruciform pores present on ventral prosoma in a marginal band. Ventral tubular ducts present of
+2 types
+: large macrotubular ducts present on margin, and present sparsely on dorsum; smaller
+type
+situated medially on ventral abdominal segments and submargin; microtubular ducts slender with special, bitubular orifices, scattered, present as transverse rows on dorsum. Anal lobes conical, normally heavily sclerotized, each anal lobe with a long apical seta and usually with 3 elongate dorsal conical setae and at least with 2 ventral hair-like setae. Marginal enlarged conical setae with slightly blunted or truncated apex; dorsal setae small, generally about one third as long as enlarged marginal setae and also truncate or blunt, forming transverse bands or rows; ventral setae hair-like. Anal ring well developed, sclerotized with 1 or 2 rows of pores and 8 anal ring setae. Cauda present.
+
+
+
+
+Comments:
+Worldwide, three species are included in
+
+Uhleria
+Cooke
+
+at present (
+
+García Morales
+et al
+. 2016
+
+); only
+
+U. araucariae
+(Maskell)
+
+is known from
+Iran
+(
+Farahbakhsh 1961
+).
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FF1839CA92DA95F337A8DBEB.xml b/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FF1839CA92DA95F337A8DBEB.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..ffe74c95f5f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FF1839CA92DA95F337A8DBEB.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,192 @@
+
+
+
+The Scale Insects Of Iran (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) Part 3 The Soft Scales (Coccidae) And Other Families
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Moghaddam, Masumeh
+Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Watson, Gillian W.
+0000-0001-9914-0094
+Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran. & Science: Research, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, U. K. gillian. watson @ nhm. ac. uk; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 9914 - 0094 * Corresponding author. moghadam @ iripp. ir; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0908 - 838 X & Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.
+gillian.watson@nhm.ac.uk
+
+text
+
+
+Zootaxa
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-11-29
+
+
+5542
+
+
+1
+
+
+1
+202
+
+
+
+
+https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1
+
+journal article
+306474
+10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1
+b349e73d-c49e-418c-81f7-c5d32e136362
+1175-5334
+14385386
+2DB3A5B7-4292-4CD9-B6D8-FA97EB48DD16
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Rhizococcus istresianus
+(Goux)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+(
+Fig. 62
+, distribution map
+Fig. 93F
+)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Eriococcus istresianus
+Goux, 1989: 19–23
+
+
+.
+
+Rhizococcus istresianus
+(Goux)
+
+;
+
+
+Kozár
+et al.
+2013: 484‒488
+
+
+.
+
+
+
+Field characteristics:
+Found on the upper leaf surfaces. Live adult female body cream-coloured, covered by a white ovisac.
+
+
+
+
+Microscopic diagnosis:
+Slide-mounted adult female body oval. Antennae each with 7 segments. Frontal lobes developed, frontal tubercle absent. Legs well developed, meta- and mesothoracic coxae with spinules on ventral surfaces; hind coxa with distinct translucent pores present on dorsal margin; tibiae each with 5 setae, median seta present; tarsal and claw digitules all knobbed apically, longer than claw; claw with a denticle. Anal lobes well developed and slightly sclerotized, dorsum of each lobe with 2 enlarged setae along inner margin and 1 enlarged seta on outer margin; venter of each lobe with 3 long slender setae. Anal ring with 2 rows of pores anteriorly and bearing 8 hair-like setae. Cauda present, strongly sclerotized.
+
+
+Dorsum
+with enlarged setae with apices rounded to relatively pointed, except for those on posterior abdominal segments more or less blunt; abundant, but enlarged setae absent from medial area of segment VIII; each segment usually with 1 or 2 setae on each margin. Macrotubular ducts all of 1 size, present throughout except absent from segment VIII. Microtubular ducts scattered throughout.
+
+
+Venter
+with mostly hair-like setae, but some enlarged setae present in marginal and submarginal areas. Posterior spiracles slightly larger than anterior ones. Quinquelocular (sometimes trilocular) pores distributed in sparse bands and rows across all segments of abdomen, thorax and head. Macrotubular ducts all of 1 size, scattered. Microtubular ducts scattered throughout. Cruciform pores scattered on submargins from head to abdominal segments.
+
+
+
+
+Distribution:
+
+Rhizococcus istresianus
+
+is known from
+France
+,
+Greece
+,
+Hungary
+,
+Türkiye
+(
+Turkey
+) and
+Iran
+(
+
+García Morales
+et al
+. 2016
+
+), where it was collected from
+Kermanshah province
+(Moghaddam 2019).
+
+
+
+
+Host-plants:
+The scale has been recorded on host-plants belonging to three genera in the families
+Asteraceae
+and
+
+Cistaceae (
+
+García Morales
+et al
+. 2016
+
+)
+
+; in
+Iran
+, it was found on
+
+Carthamus tinctorius
+(
+Asteraceae
+)
+
+(Moghaddam 2019).
+
+
+
+
+Economic importance:
+Not known as a pest in
+Iran
+.
+
+
+Natural enemies:
+None recorded in
+Iran
+.
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FF1D39CF92DA967230ADD8CD.xml b/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FF1D39CF92DA967230ADD8CD.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a2fbcd66126
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FF1D39CF92DA967230ADD8CD.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,216 @@
+
+
+
+The Scale Insects Of Iran (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) Part 3 The Soft Scales (Coccidae) And Other Families
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Moghaddam, Masumeh
+Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Watson, Gillian W.
+0000-0001-9914-0094
+Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran. & Science: Research, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, U. K. gillian. watson @ nhm. ac. uk; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 9914 - 0094 * Corresponding author. moghadam @ iripp. ir; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0908 - 838 X & Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.
+gillian.watson@nhm.ac.uk
+
+text
+
+
+Zootaxa
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-11-29
+
+
+5542
+
+
+1
+
+
+1
+202
+
+
+
+
+https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1
+
+journal article
+306474
+10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1
+b349e73d-c49e-418c-81f7-c5d32e136362
+1175-5334
+14385386
+2DB3A5B7-4292-4CD9-B6D8-FA97EB48DD16
+
+
+
+
+
+Genus
+
+RHIZOCOCCUS
+Signoret
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Rhizococcus
+Signoret, 1875: 16
+
+
+, 36.
+Type
+species:
+
+Rhizococcus gnidii
+Signoret.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Diagnostic characters of the adult female:
+Body of live adult female oval, completely enclosed in a broadly oval to circular ovisac. Slide-mounted, body oval, tapering posteriorly.Antennae each with 7 (rarely 6) segments. Frontal lobes present or absent; frontal tubercles present or absent. Labium 3 segmented, with basal segment bearing 2 pairs of setae. Legs well developed; each hind coxa with translucent pores; tibia with 5 setae (median seta present); claw with a denticle. Macrotubular ducts of 1–
+3 types
+; large ducts present in transverse bands across dorsum and forming marginal band on venter; smaller macrotubular ducts (when present) few, scattered on medial to submedial areas of venter. Microtubular ducts forming transverse bands across dorsum and a longitudinal marginal band on venter. Disc-pores each usually with 4 (sometimes with 3‒7 or 9) loculi in a single ring, present throughout body. Dorsum with conical setae of varying sizes: largest setae more-or-less forming a marginal row, medium-sized ones in a submarginal row, and small setae forming transverse rows across dorsum. Anal lobes well developed, each lobe with an apical seta and 3 conical dorsal setae. Anal ring with pores and bearing 8 (rarely 6) setae. Cauda present (derived from
+
+Kozár
+et al.
+2013
+
+).
+
+
+
+
+Comment:
+Worldwide, 67 species are included in
+
+Rhizococcus
+
+at present (
+
+García Morales
+et al
+. 2016
+
+); six species are known from
+Iran
+(Moghaddam 2019).
+
+
+
+
+
+Key to species of
+
+Rhizococcus
+
+in
+Iran
+,
+
+based on slide-mounted adult females.
+
+
+
+
+
+1(0) Dorsum of anal lobe with 3 very long, hair-like setae.........................................
+
+
+borchsenii
+(
+
+Danzig)
+
+
+
+
+- Dorsum of anal lobe with 3 relatively short, thick, spine-like setae.............................................. 2
+
+
+
+
+2(1) Abdominal segment VII with 2 enlarged setae on each margin. Macrotubular ducts on dorsum and venter all of 1 size..... 3
+
+
+- Abdominal segment VII with 3 enlarged setae on each margin. Macrotubular ducts on dorsum and venter of 2 or 3 sizes... 4
+
+
+
+
+
+3(2) Frontal lobes present. Dorsal large setae with rounded apices....................................
+
+istresianus
+(Goux)
+
+
+
+
+
+- Frontal lobes absent. Dorsal large setae with pointed apices.................................
+
+asperulae
+Moghaddam
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+4(2) Hind femur with translucent pores..................................................
+
+saxidesertus
+(Borchsenius)
+
+
+
+
+- Hind femur without translucent pores..................................................................... 5
+
+
+
+
+
+5(4) Frontal lobes well developed. Anal ring bearing 4 pairs of setae, each seta several times longer than anal ring. Dorsum with macroducts of 2 sizes. Body margin with numerous large setae.................................
+
+reynei
+(Schmutterer)
+
+
+
+
+
+- Frontal lobes absent. Anal ring bearing 3 pairs of setae, each seta only slightly longer than anal ring. Dorsum with
+3 types
+of macroduct. Body margin with very few large setae........................................
+
+avicennae
+Moghaddam
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FF1F39CA92DA92BC37A8DF22.xml b/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FF1F39CA92DA92BC37A8DF22.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..f24af9d7335
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FF1F39CA92DA92BC37A8DF22.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,235 @@
+
+
+
+The Scale Insects Of Iran (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) Part 3 The Soft Scales (Coccidae) And Other Families
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Moghaddam, Masumeh
+Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Watson, Gillian W.
+0000-0001-9914-0094
+Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran. & Science: Research, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, U. K. gillian. watson @ nhm. ac. uk; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 9914 - 0094 * Corresponding author. moghadam @ iripp. ir; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0908 - 838 X & Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.
+gillian.watson@nhm.ac.uk
+
+text
+
+
+Zootaxa
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-11-29
+
+
+5542
+
+
+1
+
+
+1
+202
+
+
+
+
+https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1
+
+journal article
+306474
+10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1
+b349e73d-c49e-418c-81f7-c5d32e136362
+1175-5334
+14385386
+2DB3A5B7-4292-4CD9-B6D8-FA97EB48DD16
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Rhizococcus borchsenii
+(Danzig)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+(
+Fig. 61
+,
+Plate 4D
+, distribution map
+Fig. 93E
+)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Acanthococcus borchsenii
+Danzig, 1975: 45
+
+
+.
+
+Eriococcus borchsenii
+(Danzig)
+
+;
+
+Tang & Hao 1995: 461
+
+.
+
+Rhizococcus borchsenii
+(Danzig)
+
+;
+
+
+Kozár
+et al.
+2013: 416‒418
+
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+
+Field characteristics:
+Live adult female body oval, completely covered with felted grey ovisac.
+
+
+
+
+Microscopic diagnosis:
+Slide-mounted adult female body elongate oval. Antennae each with 7 segments. Frontal lobe present, frontal tubercle absent. Legs robust; hind coxa and femur with spinulae on anterior surfaces; hind coxa with large group of translucent pores; tibia with 5 setae elongate, not enlarged; tarsus longer than tibia; tarsal and claw digitules longer than claw, slightly knobbed; claw with a denticle. Anal lobes prominent, each lobe with 3 hair-like setae on dorsum, venter with 2 slender hair-like setae and a suranal seta, apical seta normal and elongate. Anal ring with a partial double row of pores and bearing 8 setae. Cauda present.
+
+
+Dorsum
+with enlarged setae blunt or truncate, normally of 3 sizes: on most segments, each side with 2 or 3 larger setae and some smaller ones, together forming a marginal band, but on posterior most 3 abdominal segments, each side of each segment with enlarged setae forming 1 or 2 irregular rows. Macrotubular ducts present throughout. Microtubular ducts numerous.
+
+
+
+FIGURE 60.
+Adult female of
+
+Rhizococcus avicennae
+Moghaddam
+
+, reproduced from
+Moghaddam (2018)
+, page 521, fig. 2, with the kind permission of the Editor of
+Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae
+.
+
+
+
+
+FIGURE 61.
+Adult female of
+
+Rhizococcus borchsenii
+(Danzig)
+
+, reproduced from
+
+Kozár
+et al
+. (2013)
+
+, page 417, fig. 145, published by the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.
+
+
+
+Venter
+with smallest size of enlarged setae in a sparse row along body margin and forming a sparse submarginal band. Labium wide; basal segment with 2 unequal pairs of setae, apical segment with 5 pairs of long setae and a pair of short apical setae. Macrotubular ducts of
+2 types
+: (i) larger size numerous along body margin; and (ii) smaller size fewer, present in medial or submarginal areas. Microtubular ducts scattered on margins. Quinquelocular pores forming sparse bands across posteriormost abdominal segments, scattered elsewhere. Cruciform pores present along margins of thorax.
+
+
+
+
+Distribution:
+
+Rhizococcus borchsenii
+
+is a Palaearctic species known from
+China
+(Nei Monggol),
+Mongolia
+,
+North Korea
+,
+Russia
+(Primor’ye Kray) and
+Iran
+(
+
+García Morales
+et al
+. 2016
+
+), where it has been found in
+Semnan province
+(
+Moghaddam & Mohammadi-Khoramabadi 2015
+).
+
+
+
+
+Host-plants:
+The scale has been only recorded on
+
+Artemisia
+sp.
+
+(
+Asteraceae
+) in
+Iran
+and elsewhere (
+Moghaddam & Mohammadi-Khoramabadi 2015
+;
+
+García Morales
+et al
+. 2016
+
+).
+
+
+
+
+Economic importance:
+Not known as a pest in
+Iran
+.
+
+
+Natural enemies:
+None recorded in
+Iran
+.
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FF2D39FF92DA97C33408DFDC.xml b/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FF2D39FF92DA97C33408DFDC.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..56be9a322b2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FF2D39FF92DA97C33408DFDC.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+
+
+
+The Scale Insects Of Iran (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) Part 3 The Soft Scales (Coccidae) And Other Families
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Moghaddam, Masumeh
+Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Watson, Gillian W.
+0000-0001-9914-0094
+Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran. & Science: Research, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, U. K. gillian. watson @ nhm. ac. uk; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 9914 - 0094 * Corresponding author. moghadam @ iripp. ir; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0908 - 838 X & Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.
+gillian.watson@nhm.ac.uk
+
+text
+
+
+Zootaxa
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-11-29
+
+
+5542
+
+
+1
+
+
+1
+202
+
+
+
+
+https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1
+
+journal article
+306474
+10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1
+b349e73d-c49e-418c-81f7-c5d32e136362
+1175-5334
+14385386
+2DB3A5B7-4292-4CD9-B6D8-FA97EB48DD16
+
+
+
+
+
+Genus
+PHOENICOCOCCUS Cockerell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Phoenicococcus
+Cockerell, 1899b: 262
+
+
+.
+Type
+species:
+
+Phoenicococcus marlatti
+Cockerell
+
+by monotypy and original designation.
+
+
+Kermicoides
+Tang, 1977: 24
+
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+
+Diagnostic characters of the adult female:
+In life, body of adult female small and subspherical. In slide-mounted specimens, derm more-or-less sclerotized and covered in low, rounded dermal papillae. Antennae each 1 segmented, with apex bearing 5 short spines (some too small to be shown in
+Fig. 86
+). Legs absent or highly reduced. Spiracles each with an elongate bar without any associated sclerotized area, and a loose cluster of 12‒15 quinquelocular disc pores around opening. Anal ring situated ventrally, posterior to vulva, small, simple and heavily sclerotized, bearing posteriormost 2 setae (which appear to be on anterior of ring). Long tubular ducts (sometimes called 8-shaped tubular ducts), each with a longitudinal internal division that makes cross section of inner end appear bilocular, mostly scattered along dorsal submargin and margin, and ventrally.
+
+
+
+
+Comments:
+The genus
+
+Phoenicococcus
+
+contains a single species,
+
+Phoenicococcus marlatti
+Cockerell
+
+, which occurs in
+Iran
+.
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FF3139E392DA95023636DE97.xml b/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FF3139E392DA95023636DE97.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..8309c4a513a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FF3139E392DA95023636DE97.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
+
+
+
+The Scale Insects Of Iran (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) Part 3 The Soft Scales (Coccidae) And Other Families
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Moghaddam, Masumeh
+Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Watson, Gillian W.
+0000-0001-9914-0094
+Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran. & Science: Research, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, U. K. gillian. watson @ nhm. ac. uk; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 9914 - 0094 * Corresponding author. moghadam @ iripp. ir; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0908 - 838 X & Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.
+gillian.watson@nhm.ac.uk
+
+text
+
+
+Zootaxa
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-11-29
+
+
+5542
+
+
+1
+
+
+1
+202
+
+
+
+
+https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1
+
+journal article
+306474
+10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1
+b349e73d-c49e-418c-81f7-c5d32e136362
+1175-5334
+14385386
+2DB3A5B7-4292-4CD9-B6D8-FA97EB48DD16
+
+
+
+
+
+Genus
+
+ORTHEZIA
+Bosc d’Antic
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Orthezia
+Bosc d’Antic, 1784: 173
+
+
+.
+
+
+Douglasia
+MacGillivray, 1921: 110–111
+
+
+, 483.
+
+
+
+
+
+Diagnostic characters of the adult female:
+The genus
+
+Orthezia
+
+is recognized by having: (i) live adult female entirely covered by white wax plates; and in slide-mounted specimens, (ii) antennae each with 7 or 8 segments, basal 3 segments not conspicuously enlarged; (iii) tibia and tarsus clearly divided; claws usually with denticles; (iv) spines grouped in definite bands and clusters; (v) anal ring with 6 long setae; (vi) thoracic spiracles each without atrial disc pores; and (vii) disc pores of quadrilocular
+type
+only.
+
+
+
+
+Comments:
+Worldwide, 23 species are included in
+
+Orthezia
+
+at present (
+
+García Morales
+et al
+. 2016
+
+); only
+
+O. urticae
+(Linnaeus)
+
+is known from
+Iran
+(
+Kaussari 1957
+).
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FF3339E192DA97C336D8DF8B.xml b/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FF3339E192DA97C336D8DF8B.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..9a794015926
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FF3339E192DA97C336D8DF8B.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,127 @@
+
+
+
+The Scale Insects Of Iran (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) Part 3 The Soft Scales (Coccidae) And Other Families
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Moghaddam, Masumeh
+Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Watson, Gillian W.
+0000-0001-9914-0094
+Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran. & Science: Research, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, U. K. gillian. watson @ nhm. ac. uk; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 9914 - 0094 * Corresponding author. moghadam @ iripp. ir; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0908 - 838 X & Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.
+gillian.watson@nhm.ac.uk
+
+text
+
+
+Zootaxa
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-11-29
+
+
+5542
+
+
+1
+
+
+1
+202
+
+
+
+
+https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1
+
+journal article
+306474
+10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1
+b349e73d-c49e-418c-81f7-c5d32e136362
+1175-5334
+14385386
+2DB3A5B7-4292-4CD9-B6D8-FA97EB48DD16
+
+
+
+
+
+Genus
+
+ORTHEZIOLA
+Šulc
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Ortheziola
+Šulc, 1895: 1
+
+
+.
+Type
+species:
+
+Ortheziola vejdovskyi
+Šulc
+
+, by monotypy.
+
+
+
+
+
+Diagnostic characters of the adult female:
+Members of
+
+Ortheziola
+
+are recognized by having: (i) live adult female body with a series of marginal, mediolateral and medial white waxy protrusions; and in slide-mounted specimens, (ii) antennae each with 3 segments, third antennal segment with a slender apical seta; (iii) eye stalk protruding, thumb-like; (iv) legs well developed, with trochanter and femur fused, tibia and tarsus fused; leg setae robust and spine-like; tarsus without digitules; claw digitules like short setae, claw without a denticle; (v) labium 2 segmented, with many setae and with 3 long setae near apex very close together, all situated in a single setal socket; (vi) modified pores, each with 2, 3 or 4 loculi, scattered over surface; (vi) abdominal spiracles on anterior abdominal segments ventral, with at least 1 present on each side of segments I, II or III; posterior abdominal spiracles located on dorsum near anal ring, surrounded by a cluster of multilocular pores; (vii) anal ring bearing 6 setae; and (viii) sclerotized plate present on dorsum anterior to anal ring, wider than long.
+
+
+
+
+Comments:
+Worldwide, 12 species are included in
+
+Ortheziola
+
+at present (
+
+García Morales
+et al
+. 2016
+
+); only
+
+O. marottai
+Kaydan & Szita
+
+has been recorded from
+Iran
+(
+
+Kaydan
+et al
+. 2014
+
+).
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FF3539E792DA95E630ADD8B3.xml b/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FF3539E792DA95E630ADD8B3.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..c377a6028bf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FF3539E792DA95E630ADD8B3.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,163 @@
+
+
+
+The Scale Insects Of Iran (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) Part 3 The Soft Scales (Coccidae) And Other Families
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Moghaddam, Masumeh
+Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Watson, Gillian W.
+0000-0001-9914-0094
+Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran. & Science: Research, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, U. K. gillian. watson @ nhm. ac. uk; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 9914 - 0094 * Corresponding author. moghadam @ iripp. ir; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0908 - 838 X & Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.
+gillian.watson@nhm.ac.uk
+
+text
+
+
+Zootaxa
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-11-29
+
+
+5542
+
+
+1
+
+
+1
+202
+
+
+
+
+https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1
+
+journal article
+306474
+10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1
+b349e73d-c49e-418c-81f7-c5d32e136362
+1175-5334
+14385386
+2DB3A5B7-4292-4CD9-B6D8-FA97EB48DD16
+
+
+
+
+
+Genus
+
+PSEUDASPIDOPROCTUS
+Morrison
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Pseudaspidoproctus
+Morrison, 1927: 104
+
+
+.
+Type
+species:
+
+Aspidoproctus hypheniacus
+Hall
+
+by monotypy and original designation.
+
+
+
+
+
+Diagnostic characters of the adult female:
+Live
+
+Pseudaspidoproctus
+
+are recognized by having: (i) broadly oval bodies, with dorsum strongly convex; and in slide-mounted specimens, (ii) a ventral internal marsupium where the eggs are deposited until they hatch; (iii) antennae usually each with 8‒11 segments; (iv) legs well developed, with some setae on undersides of femur, tibia and tarsus stout and spine-like; claw stout, almost denticulate; claw digitules stout at base, with slender tips (not illustrated); (v) abdominal spiracles numbering 7 pairs (not illustrated), each without disc-pores in atrium; (vi) anal tube well developed, with a rim of pores (not illustrated); (vii) cicatrices numbering 3, situated posterior to vulva; (viii) spines of body thin, elongated, with rounded apex, often curved, located on both surfaces of the body but especially numerous on dorsal surface; (ix) setae robust, of various lengths, numerous; (x) multilocular disc-pores with 1‒4 central loculi and 5‒10 loculi in outer ring; (xi) in addition to setae, numerous thin, small cylindrical spines covering both surfaces; and (xii) without elongate tubular bilocular pores at margin.
+
+
+
+
+Comments:
+Worldwide, eight species are included in
+
+Pseudaspidoproctus
+Hall
+
+(
+
+García Morales
+et al
+. 2016
+
+); the species
+
+P. gramineus
+
+and
+
+P. hyphaeniacus
+
+have been recorded from
+Iran
+(
+Moghaddam 2013
+).
+
+
+
+
+
+Key to species of
+
+Pseudaspidoproctus
+
+in
+Iran
+,
+
+based on slide-mounted adult females.
+
+
+
+
+
+1(0) Dorsum with very few multilocular disc-pores, each pore with 3 central loculi............
+
+gramineus
+Jashenko & Danzig
+
+
+
+
+
+- Dorsum with multilocular disc-pores numerous, each pore with 1‒4 central loculi..................
+
+hyphaeniacus
+(Hall)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FF3739E592DA95DA37A8D8FF.xml b/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FF3739E592DA95DA37A8D8FF.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..71e6e157512
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FF3739E592DA95DA37A8D8FF.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,201 @@
+
+
+
+The Scale Insects Of Iran (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) Part 3 The Soft Scales (Coccidae) And Other Families
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Moghaddam, Masumeh
+Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Watson, Gillian W.
+0000-0001-9914-0094
+Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran. & Science: Research, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, U. K. gillian. watson @ nhm. ac. uk; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 9914 - 0094 * Corresponding author. moghadam @ iripp. ir; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0908 - 838 X & Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.
+gillian.watson@nhm.ac.uk
+
+text
+
+
+Zootaxa
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-11-29
+
+
+5542
+
+
+1
+
+
+1
+202
+
+
+
+
+https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1
+
+journal article
+306474
+10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1
+b349e73d-c49e-418c-81f7-c5d32e136362
+1175-5334
+14385386
+2DB3A5B7-4292-4CD9-B6D8-FA97EB48DD16
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Pseudaspidoproctus hyphaeniacus
+(Hall)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+(
+Fig. 84
+, distribution map
+Fig. 92H
+)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Aspidoproctus hyphaeniacus
+Hall, 1925: 1
+
+
+.
+
+Pseudaspidoproctus hyphaeniacus
+(Hall)
+
+;
+
+Morrison 1927: 104
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+
+Field characteristics:
+Live adult female ovoid, exposed on the host-plant during the growing period; body with dorsum strongly convex, flattened ventrally, with some powdery secretion; eggs deposited within an internal marsupium having a U-shaped or V-shaped opening (
+Morrison 1928
+).
+
+
+
+
+Microscopic diagnosis:
+Slide-mounted adult female broadly oval, derm not definitely chitinised. Median part of thoracic dorsum dominated by short and long setae. Antennae each with 8‒10 segments. Thoracic spiracles each large but not conspicuous, with bar but without a group of pores at opening. Abdominal spiracles numbering 7 pairs, each much smaller than a thoracic spiracle, inconspicuous, with a thickened rim. Cicatrices numbering 3 set close together, each usually more-or-less irregular in shape. Anal tube short, with a row of wax pores at inner end, somewhat sclerotized. Multilocular disc-pores each with 1, or 3 or 4, circular central loculi and with 5‒8 outer loculi.
+
+
+
+
+Distribution:
+
+Pseudaspidoproctus hyphaeniacus
+
+is known from 10 countries in the Oriental and Palaearctic regions (
+
+García Morales
+et al
+. 2016
+
+); in
+Iran
+, it has been recorded from Sistan & Balouchestan province (
+Moghaddam 2013
+).
+
+
+
+
+Host-plants:
+The species has been recorded on host-plants belonging to the families
+Arecaceae
+(
+
+Hyphaene
+
+,
+
+Phoenix
+
+and
+
+Washingtonia
+
+),
+Poaceae
+(
+
+Stipa
+
+),
+Rosaceae
+(
+
+Malus
+
+) and
+Scrophulariaceae
+(
+
+Verbascum
+
+) (
+
+García Morales
+et al
+. 2016
+
+). In
+Iran
+, it has been found on date palms,
+
+Phoenix dactylifera
+
+(
+Arecaceae
+) (
+Moghaddam 2013
+).
+
+
+
+
+Economic importance:
+None recorded in
+Iran
+.
+
+
+Natural enemies:
+None recorded in
+Iran
+.
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FF3B39E992DA97C337A8D9D4.xml b/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FF3B39E992DA97C337A8D9D4.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..5e8f41cccaf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FF3B39E992DA97C337A8D9D4.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,186 @@
+
+
+
+The Scale Insects Of Iran (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) Part 3 The Soft Scales (Coccidae) And Other Families
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Moghaddam, Masumeh
+Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Watson, Gillian W.
+0000-0001-9914-0094
+Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran. & Science: Research, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, U. K. gillian. watson @ nhm. ac. uk; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 9914 - 0094 * Corresponding author. moghadam @ iripp. ir; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0908 - 838 X & Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.
+gillian.watson@nhm.ac.uk
+
+text
+
+
+Zootaxa
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-11-29
+
+
+5542
+
+
+1
+
+
+1
+202
+
+
+
+
+https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1
+
+journal article
+306474
+10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1
+b349e73d-c49e-418c-81f7-c5d32e136362
+1175-5334
+14385386
+2DB3A5B7-4292-4CD9-B6D8-FA97EB48DD16
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Icerya aegyptiaca
+(Douglas)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+(
+Fig. 81
+,
+Plate 5
+A-1 and A-2, distribution map
+Fig. 90K
+)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Crossotosoma aegyptiacum
+Douglas, 1890a: 79
+
+
+.
+
+Icerya aegyptiacum
+(Douglas)
+
+;
+
+Riley & Howard 1890: 256
+
+.
+
+Icerya aegyptiaca
+(Douglas)
+
+;
+
+Maskell 1893: 247
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+
+Field characteristics:
+Live adult female orange-red, antennae and legs black, covered in sculpted white wax; margin with a fringe of elongate wax processes, these processes broader and shorter on head and thorax, those on abdomen narrower and more elongate, covering ovisac, giving it a fluted appearance.
+
+
+
+
+Microscopic diagnosis
+(based on
+Unruh & Gullan 2008b
+): Slide-mounted adult female oval, covered in hair-like and flagellate setae that take up red stain. Antennae each with 10 or 11 segments. Derm near atrial opening of thoracic spiracles with simple multilocular disc-pores, each with bilocular center and 6–8 outer loculi (not shown in
+Fig. 80
+). Abdominal spiracles numbering 3 pairs. Cicatrice single, conspicuous, situated posterior to vulva. Anal opening surrounded by a group of long setae and oval pores, each with a bilocular center and 8–12 outer loculi. Vulva surrounded by multilocular disc-pores, each with 13–24 outer loculi; these pores forming medial to submedial band across 1 or 2 abdominal segments anterior to vulvar opening (abdominal segment VI and sometimes V). Ovisac band of simple multilocular disc-pores, 2–4 pores wide, each pore with bilocular / trilocular (sometimes quadrilocular) center and 6–8 outer loculi. Simple multilocular disc-pores, similar to pores in ovisac band, each with a bilocular or trilocular center and 6–8 outer loculi, forming marginal clusters and covering derm on dorsal surface around other dorsal pores. Open center pores absent.
+
+
+
+
+Distribution:
+
+Icerya aegyptiaca
+
+is quite cosmopolitan, being known from 29 countries in the Afrotropical, Oriental and Palaearctic regions (
+
+García Morales
+et al
+. 2016
+
+); in
+Iran
+, it has been recorded from Sistan & Balouchestan province (Moghaddam
+et al
+. 2015).
+
+
+
+
+Host-plants:
+The species is highly polyphagous, having been recorded on host-plants belonging to 65 families (
+
+García Morales
+et al
+. 2016
+
+). In
+Iran
+, it has been found on
+
+Mangifera indica
+
+(
+Anacardiaceae
+) (Moghaddam
+et al
+. 2015).
+
+
+
+
+Economic importance:
+Currently, the damage caused by
+
+I. aegyptiaca
+
+in
+Iran
+is limited and no other infested localities have been reported so far.
+
+
+Natural enemies:
+None recorded in
+Iran
+.
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FF3C39EE92DA94C9364DD8C3.xml b/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FF3C39EE92DA94C9364DD8C3.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..bc5dbf4dc4e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FF3C39EE92DA94C9364DD8C3.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,148 @@
+
+
+
+The Scale Insects Of Iran (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) Part 3 The Soft Scales (Coccidae) And Other Families
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Moghaddam, Masumeh
+Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Watson, Gillian W.
+0000-0001-9914-0094
+Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran. & Science: Research, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, U. K. gillian. watson @ nhm. ac. uk; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 9914 - 0094 * Corresponding author. moghadam @ iripp. ir; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0908 - 838 X & Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.
+gillian.watson@nhm.ac.uk
+
+text
+
+
+Zootaxa
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-11-29
+
+
+5542
+
+
+1
+
+
+1
+202
+
+
+
+
+https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1
+
+journal article
+306474
+10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1
+b349e73d-c49e-418c-81f7-c5d32e136362
+1175-5334
+14385386
+2DB3A5B7-4292-4CD9-B6D8-FA97EB48DD16
+
+
+
+
+
+Genus
+
+DROSICHA
+Walker
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Drosicha
+Walker, 1858: 306
+
+
+.
+Type
+species:
+
+Drosicha contrahens
+Walker
+
+by monotypy and original designation.
+
+
+Villigera
+Karsch, 1877: 16
+
+
+.
+
+
+Cockerellella
+MacGillivray, 1921: 71
+
+
+.
+
+
+Greeniella
+MacGillivray, 1921: 75
+
+
+.
+
+
+Warajicoccus
+Kuwana, 1922: 7
+
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+
+Diagnostic characters of the adult female:
+In slide-mounted adult female specimens, the genus is recognized by having: (i) body covered with very numerous, crowded flagellate setae; (ii) antennae each with 7‒11 segments and numerous setae; (iii) legs well developed, usually covered with stout setae; (iv) thoracic spiracles large, each with a few pores present near atrium; (v) abdominal spiracles numbering 7 pairs, situated near dorsal margins, conspicuous, each usually with few pores present near atrium but never within it; (vi) anal opening simple, surrounded by setae and pores; (vii) anal tube short, inner end U-shaped or V-shaped and chitinised; (viii) cicatrices numbering three, large, usually oval, situated close together just posterior to vulva.
+
+
+
+
+Comments:
+Worldwide, 26 species are included in
+
+Drosicha
+(
+
+García Morales
+et al
+. 2016
+
+)
+
+;
+
+D. turkestanica
+Archangelskaya
+
+has been recorded from
+Iran
+(
+Moghaddam 2009
+).
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FF3E39EC92DA963A3056DE35.xml b/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FF3E39EC92DA963A3056DE35.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..1392f53139a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FF3E39EC92DA963A3056DE35.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,134 @@
+
+
+
+The Scale Insects Of Iran (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) Part 3 The Soft Scales (Coccidae) And Other Families
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Moghaddam, Masumeh
+Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Watson, Gillian W.
+0000-0001-9914-0094
+Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran. & Science: Research, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, U. K. gillian. watson @ nhm. ac. uk; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 9914 - 0094 * Corresponding author. moghadam @ iripp. ir; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0908 - 838 X & Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.
+gillian.watson@nhm.ac.uk
+
+text
+
+
+Zootaxa
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-11-29
+
+
+5542
+
+
+1
+
+
+1
+202
+
+
+
+
+https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1
+
+journal article
+306474
+10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1
+b349e73d-c49e-418c-81f7-c5d32e136362
+1175-5334
+14385386
+2DB3A5B7-4292-4CD9-B6D8-FA97EB48DD16
+
+
+
+
+
+Genus
+
+GUERINIELLA
+Fernald
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Guerinia
+Targioni Tozzetti, 1868: 724
+
+
+.
+Type
+species:
+
+Guerinia tinctoria
+Targioni Tozzetti 1868
+
+by monotypy (=
+
+Coccus serratulae
+Fabricius, 1775
+
+), junior homonym.
+
+
+Gueriniella
+Fernald, 1903: 331
+
+
+(replacement name).
+
+
+
+
+
+Diagnostic characters of the adult female:
+Slide-mounted adult females of this genus are recognized by: (i) adult female elongate oval, with membranous derm and covered with numerous hairs; (ii) labium long conical, 3 segmented, with basal segment very narrow; (iii) antennae each with 11 segments; (iv) legs well developed, usually covered with stout setae; (v) thoracic spiracles large, without pores present near atrium; (vi) abdominal spiracles in 4 pairs on abdominal segments V–VIII; (vii) anal opening simple, lacking specialized pores; (viii) inner ring of anal tube with pores; (ix) cicatrices circular to slightly elliptical, numbering 3–5; (x) marsupium absent; (xi) ovisac band absent; (xii) vulvar opening surrounded by pores each with bilocular center and 10–12 outer loculi, and hair-like setae.
+
+
+
+
+Comments:
+The genus contains only two species,
+
+G. decorata
+Borchsenius
+
+and
+
+G. serratulae
+(Fabricius) (
+
+García Morales
+et al
+. 2016
+
+)
+
+; only
+
+G. serratulae
+
+has been recorded from
+Iran
+(Moghaddam & Tavakoli 2009).
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FF80395292DA954937A8D8D0.xml b/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FF80395292DA954937A8D8D0.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..9efaa2a0f72
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FF80395292DA954937A8D8D0.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,157 @@
+
+
+
+The Scale Insects Of Iran (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) Part 3 The Soft Scales (Coccidae) And Other Families
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Moghaddam, Masumeh
+Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Watson, Gillian W.
+0000-0001-9914-0094
+Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran. & Science: Research, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, U. K. gillian. watson @ nhm. ac. uk; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 9914 - 0094 * Corresponding author. moghadam @ iripp. ir; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0908 - 838 X & Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.
+gillian.watson@nhm.ac.uk
+
+text
+
+
+Zootaxa
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-11-29
+
+
+5542
+
+
+1
+
+
+1
+202
+
+
+
+
+https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1
+
+journal article
+306474
+10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1
+b349e73d-c49e-418c-81f7-c5d32e136362
+1175-5334
+14385386
+2DB3A5B7-4292-4CD9-B6D8-FA97EB48DD16
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Russellaspis pustulans
+(Cockerell)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+(
+Fig. 7
+)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Asterodiaspis pustulans
+Cockerell, 1892: 142
+
+
+.
+
+Russellaspis pustulans
+(Cockerell)
+
+;
+
+Borchsenius 1960: 154
+
+.
+
+
+
+Field characters:
+Adult females live in shallow or deep pits on the twigs of host-plants. Body of adult female almost round or oval, rarely slightly produced posteriorly; brownish or greenish yellow, covered by a transparent test.
+
+
+
+
+Microscopic diagnosis:
+Slide-mounted adult female body almost circular to oval; anal lobes moderately developed, forming a notch in apex of abdomen; each lobe with 6 pairs of setae. Antennae rounded, each bearing 2 setae slightly longer than diameter of antenna. Anal ring circular, bearing 6 setae, well removed from margin, situated in a dorsal recess with a slender arched plate at its entrance.
+
+
+Dorsum
+. 8-shaped pores present in single marginal row, terminating 1/3 to 2/3x length of an apical seta from their setal collars. Other 8-shaped pores numerous, scattered, but sometimes crowded or arranged in loose transverse rows, each longer than a marginal 8-shaped pore. Tubular ducts numerous.
+
+
+Venter
+. Quinquelocular disc-pores present in a single row on inner edge of marginal 8-shaped pore row, terminating near posteriormost 8-shaped marginal pores. Minute disc-pores present on ventral inner edge of row of quinquelocular disc-pores. Spiracles each with a broad bar; spiracular furrow between each spiracle and body margin containing about 20 quinquelocular disc-pores. Multilocular disc-pores numerous, present on most abdominal segments.
+
+
+
+
+Distribution:
+
+Russellaspis pustulans
+
+is a cosmopolitan species (
+
+García Morales
+et al
+. 2016
+
+); it was recorded from
+Iran
+by
+Stumpf & Lambdin (2006)
+.
+
+
+Host-plants:
+The scale is highly polyphagous, and has been recorded on host-plants in 171 genera belonging to 69 families (
+
+García Morales
+et al
+. 2016
+
+).
+
+
+Economic importance:
+None in
+Iran
+.
+
+
+Natural enemies:
+None recorded in
+Iran
+.
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FF80395292DA97C33692DC8F.xml b/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FF80395292DA97C33692DC8F.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..003b4c5a8d0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FF80395292DA97C33692DC8F.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+
+
+
+The Scale Insects Of Iran (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) Part 3 The Soft Scales (Coccidae) And Other Families
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Moghaddam, Masumeh
+Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Watson, Gillian W.
+0000-0001-9914-0094
+Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran. & Science: Research, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, U. K. gillian. watson @ nhm. ac. uk; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 9914 - 0094 * Corresponding author. moghadam @ iripp. ir; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0908 - 838 X & Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.
+gillian.watson@nhm.ac.uk
+
+text
+
+
+Zootaxa
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-11-29
+
+
+5542
+
+
+1
+
+
+1
+202
+
+
+
+
+https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1
+
+journal article
+306474
+10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1
+b349e73d-c49e-418c-81f7-c5d32e136362
+1175-5334
+14385386
+2DB3A5B7-4292-4CD9-B6D8-FA97EB48DD16
+
+
+
+
+
+Genus
+
+RUSSELLASPIS
+Bodenheimer
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Russellaspis
+Bodenheimer, 1951: 328
+
+
+.
+Type
+species:
+
+Asterolecanium pustulans
+Cockerell.
+
+
+
+
+Diagnostic characters of the adult female:
+Slide-mounted, body almost circular; apex of abdomen with notch and anal lobes developed. Anal opening bearing 6 pairs of setae. Dorsal 8-shaped pores numerous, scattered. Dorsal tubes absent. Ventral multilocular disc-pores present. Dorsal tubular ducts numerous.
+
+
+
+
+Comments:
+Worldwide, seven species are included in
+
+Russellaspis
+(
+
+García Morales
+et al
+. 2016
+
+)
+
+; only
+
+R. pustulans
+(Cockerell)
+
+is known from
+Iran
+(
+Stumpf & Lambdin 2006
+).
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FF82395092DA97C336BEDE48.xml b/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FF82395092DA97C336BEDE48.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..420d6465208
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FF82395092DA97C336BEDE48.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,139 @@
+
+
+
+The Scale Insects Of Iran (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) Part 3 The Soft Scales (Coccidae) And Other Families
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Moghaddam, Masumeh
+Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Watson, Gillian W.
+0000-0001-9914-0094
+Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran. & Science: Research, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, U. K. gillian. watson @ nhm. ac. uk; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 9914 - 0094 * Corresponding author. moghadam @ iripp. ir; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0908 - 838 X & Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.
+gillian.watson@nhm.ac.uk
+
+text
+
+
+Zootaxa
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-11-29
+
+
+5542
+
+
+1
+
+
+1
+202
+
+
+
+
+https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1
+
+journal article
+306474
+10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1
+b349e73d-c49e-418c-81f7-c5d32e136362
+1175-5334
+14385386
+2DB3A5B7-4292-4CD9-B6D8-FA97EB48DD16
+
+
+
+
+
+Genus
+
+ANTECEROCOCCUS
+Green
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Antecerococcus
+Green, 1901: 560
+
+
+.
+Type
+species:
+
+Antecerococcus punctiferus
+Green
+
+by monotypy.
+
+
+Phenacobryum
+Cockerell, 1902: 114
+
+
+.
+
+
+Amelococcus
+Marchal, 1904: 557
+
+
+, 560.
+
+
+Cercococcus
+Scott, 1907: 455
+
+
+.
+
+
+
+Diagnostic characters of the adult female:
+Slide-mounted, body with anal lobes rarely sclerotized throughout; each lobe with a long apical seta. Antennae generally unsegmented but occasionally with 2 segments, each usually bearing 7 fleshy setae. Leg stubs present or absent. Structure, size and distribution of dorsal 8-shaped pores important taxonomically: dorsum with up to 4 sizes of 8-shaped pore; largest pores associated with each stigmatic band but also present along margins and sometimes in swirls or bands medially on dorsum; smallest pores generally present across posterior abdominal segments (posterior to cribriform plates) and in outer ends of stigmatic pore bands. Spiracular disc-pores present in a group anterior to each spiracle, not in a semi-circle laterad to, or posterior to, peritreme. Simple pores, typical of family, present but rarely showing anything significant. Multilocular disc-pores present or absent, each usually with 10 loculi. Cribriform plates always present in a submedial group on each side of abdominal segment IV. Tubular ducts of only 1 size on dorsum. Median anal plate typical of family. Anal ring bearing 4 pairs of setae.
+
+
+
+
+Comments:
+Worldwide, 56 species are included in
+
+Antecerococcus
+(
+
+García Morales
+et al
+. 2016
+
+)
+
+; only
+
+A. longipilosus
+(Archangelskaya)
+
+is known from
+Iran
+(
+Kaussari 1957
+).
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FF85395792DA9245367EDB29.xml b/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FF85395792DA9245367EDB29.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..15d10425ed6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FF85395792DA9245367EDB29.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+
+
+
+The Scale Insects Of Iran (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) Part 3 The Soft Scales (Coccidae) And Other Families
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Moghaddam, Masumeh
+Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Watson, Gillian W.
+0000-0001-9914-0094
+Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran. & Science: Research, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, U. K. gillian. watson @ nhm. ac. uk; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 9914 - 0094 * Corresponding author. moghadam @ iripp. ir; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0908 - 838 X & Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.
+gillian.watson@nhm.ac.uk
+
+text
+
+
+Zootaxa
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-11-29
+
+
+5542
+
+
+1
+
+
+1
+202
+
+
+
+
+https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1
+
+journal article
+306474
+10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1
+b349e73d-c49e-418c-81f7-c5d32e136362
+1175-5334
+14385386
+2DB3A5B7-4292-4CD9-B6D8-FA97EB48DD16
+
+
+
+
+
+Genus
+
+ASTEROLECANIUM
+Targioni Tozzetti
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Asterolecanium
+Targioni Tozzetti, 1868: 734
+
+
+.
+Type
+species:
+
+Coccus aureus
+Boisduval
+
+by monotypy.
+
+
+
+Diagnostic characters of the adult female:
+Slide-mounted, body with 8-shaped pores forming a single marginal row, each pore at least twice as long as diameter of a marginal quinquelocular disc-pore. Anal ring with pores and 4 or 6 setae, situated at base of an expanded tube or a long tube with parallel sides. Dorsal 8-shaped pores normally present. Submedian dorsal tubes absent from near apex of abdomen.
+
+
+
+
+Comments:
+Worldwide, 59 species are included in
+
+Asterolecanium
+(
+
+García Morales
+et al
+. 2016
+
+)
+
+; only
+
+A. bornmuelleri
+
+has been recorded from
+Iran
+(
+Rübsaamen 1902
+).
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FF89395992DA913630ACDC09.xml b/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FF89395992DA913630ACDC09.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..74daeddb289
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FF89395992DA913630ACDC09.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,193 @@
+
+
+
+The Scale Insects Of Iran (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) Part 3 The Soft Scales (Coccidae) And Other Families
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Moghaddam, Masumeh
+Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Watson, Gillian W.
+0000-0001-9914-0094
+Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran. & Science: Research, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, U. K. gillian. watson @ nhm. ac. uk; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 9914 - 0094 * Corresponding author. moghadam @ iripp. ir; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0908 - 838 X & Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.
+gillian.watson@nhm.ac.uk
+
+text
+
+
+Zootaxa
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-11-29
+
+
+5542
+
+
+1
+
+
+1
+202
+
+
+
+
+https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1
+
+journal article
+306474
+10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1
+b349e73d-c49e-418c-81f7-c5d32e136362
+1175-5334
+14385386
+2DB3A5B7-4292-4CD9-B6D8-FA97EB48DD16
+
+
+
+
+
+Genus
+
+ASTERODIASPIS
+Signoret
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Asterodiaspis
+Signoret, 1877
+
+: ccix.
+Type
+species:
+
+Aonidia ilicicola
+Targioni Tozzetti
+
+(=
+
+Asterodiaspis ilicicola
+(Targioni Tozzetti))
+
+by subsequent designation by
+
+Russell (1941: 109)
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+
+Diagnostic characters of the adult female:
+Slide-mounted, body with relatively large 8-shaped pores distributed in a single marginal row, terminating at about one pore’s length anterior to base of each apical seta; 8-shaped pores absent from venter. Anal opening ventral, with margin sclerotized, normally bearing 2 setae; sclerotized anal bar or plate absent. Submedian dorsal tubes absent from near apex of abdomen.
+
+
+
+
+Comments:
+Worldwide, 26 species are included in
+
+Asterodiaspis
+(
+
+García Morales
+et al
+. 2016
+
+)
+
+; three species are known from
+Iran
+(
+Moghaddam 2013
+).
+
+
+
+
+FIGURE 1.
+Asterolecaniidae
+adult female morphology, developed from
+Russell (1941)
+page 7, fig. 1.
+A,
+eight-shaped pore;
+B,
+antenna;
+C,
+stigmatic furrow containing spiracular disc-pores;
+D,
+dorsal tubular duct;
+E,
+dorsal tube;
+F,
+anal opening.
+
+
+
+
+
+Key to species of
+
+Asterodiaspis
+
+in
+Iran
+,
+
+based on slide-mounted adult females.
+
+
+
+
+
+1(0) Dorsal 8-shaped pores present................................................................
+
+bella
+(Russell)
+
+
+
+
+- Dorsal 8-shaped pores absent............................................................................ 2
+
+
+
+
+
+2(1) Ventral multilocular disc-pores in 3 rows, numbering 6–8 (very rarely up to 13).......................
+
+minor
+(Russell)
+
+
+
+
+
+- Ventral multilocular disc-pores in 4 rows, numbering at least 23................................
+
+quercicola
+(Bouché)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FFA1397292DA93D230ACDDAB.xml b/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FFA1397292DA93D230ACDDAB.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..02271374ad6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FFA1397292DA93D230ACDDAB.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,203 @@
+
+
+
+The Scale Insects Of Iran (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) Part 3 The Soft Scales (Coccidae) And Other Families
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Moghaddam, Masumeh
+Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Watson, Gillian W.
+0000-0001-9914-0094
+Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran. & Science: Research, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, U. K. gillian. watson @ nhm. ac. uk; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 9914 - 0094 * Corresponding author. moghadam @ iripp. ir; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0908 - 838 X & Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.
+gillian.watson@nhm.ac.uk
+
+text
+
+
+Zootaxa
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-11-29
+
+
+5542
+
+
+1
+
+
+1
+202
+
+
+
+
+https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1
+
+journal article
+306474
+10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1
+b349e73d-c49e-418c-81f7-c5d32e136362
+1175-5334
+14385386
+2DB3A5B7-4292-4CD9-B6D8-FA97EB48DD16
+
+
+
+
+
+Genus
+
+EULECANIUM
+Cockerell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Eulecanium
+Cockerell, 1893a: 54
+
+
+.
+Type
+species:
+
+Lecanium tiliae
+Linnaeus
+
+by original designation, accepted valid name;
+type
+designation confirmed by Opinion 1303,
+International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (1985)
+.
+
+
+Lecanium (Globulicoccus)
+Lindinger, 1907: 138
+
+
+.
+
+
+Sphaerolecanium
+Leonardi, 1908: 181
+
+
+.
+Type
+species:
+
+Lecanium emerici
+Planchon
+
+, synonym and homonym.
+Globulicoccus
+
+MacGillivray, 1921: 180
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+
+Diagnostic characters of the adult female:
+Live adult female highly convex and heavily sclerotized at maturity, derm often with distinct areolations; does not produce an ovisac. Slide-mounted, body with dorsal setae spinose; spiracular clefts not developed; and stigmatic setae numbering 3 or fewer in each spiracular area. Marginal setae usually of
+2 types
+: (i) finely setose at either end of body, and (ii) spinose on lateral margins. Pregenital disc-pores, each with 10 loculi, present on all abdominal and thoracic segments and lateral to antennal bases. Spiracular disc-pores each with 5 loculi, present in a narrow band between each spiracle and margin. Preopercular pores, if present, forming a distinct group anterior to anal plates. Dorsal tubular ducts present. Ventral tubular ducts of
+2 types
+. Legs well developed, each without a tibio-tarsal articulatory sclerosis; claw usually held at right-angles to tarsus; claw digitules with small apical dilations. Anal plates with at least 1 seta on inner margin.
+
+
+
+
+Comments:
+Worldwide, 51 species are included in
+
+Eulecanium
+(
+
+García Morales
+et al
+. 2016
+
+)
+
+; three species are known in
+Iran
+(
+Bodenheimer 1944b
+).
+
+
+
+
+
+Key to species of
+
+Eulecanium
+
+in
+Iran
+,
+
+based on slide-mounted adult females.
+
+
+
+
+
+1(0) Marginal setae all spinelike......................................................
+
+rugulosum
+(Archangelskaya)
+
+
+
+
+
+- Marginal setae of
+2 types
+, spinelike and flagellate............................................................ 2
+
+
+
+
+
+
+2(1) Marginal setae mainly spinelike, long flagellate setae present only on head and at posterior end of body; marginal setae extending onto distal anal cleft margins..........................................................
+
+ficiphilum
+Borchsenius
+
+
+
+
+
+- Marginal setae sometimes all spinelike, but usually long and flagellate on head and at posterior end of body; occasionally with a few flagellate setae on lateral margins amongst spinelike setae; marginal setae not extending onto anal cleft margins............................................................................................
+
+tiliae
+(Linnaeus)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FFA3397092DA935B37A8DA08.xml b/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FFA3397092DA935B37A8DA08.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..66539cf0ab6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FFA3397092DA935B37A8DA08.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,220 @@
+
+
+
+The Scale Insects Of Iran (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) Part 3 The Soft Scales (Coccidae) And Other Families
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Moghaddam, Masumeh
+Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Watson, Gillian W.
+0000-0001-9914-0094
+Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran. & Science: Research, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, U. K. gillian. watson @ nhm. ac. uk; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 9914 - 0094 * Corresponding author. moghadam @ iripp. ir; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0908 - 838 X & Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.
+gillian.watson@nhm.ac.uk
+
+text
+
+
+Zootaxa
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-11-29
+
+
+5542
+
+
+1
+
+
+1
+202
+
+
+
+
+https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1
+
+journal article
+306474
+10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1
+b349e73d-c49e-418c-81f7-c5d32e136362
+1175-5334
+14385386
+2DB3A5B7-4292-4CD9-B6D8-FA97EB48DD16
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Eulecanium rugulosum
+(Archangelskaya)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+(
+Fig. 24
+, distribution map
+Fig. 90E
+)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Lecanium rugulosum
+Archangelskaya, 1937: 46
+
+
+.
+
+Eulecanium rugulosum
+(Archangelskaya)
+
+;
+
+Borchsenius 1957: 395
+
+.
+
+
+
+Field characteristics:
+Live adult female body oval, strongly convex, anterior almost perpendicular to substrate, also vertical or sharply sloping at posterior end; sides slightly convex, bent from below; dead female sometimes yellowish on sides, with numerous wrinkles and small concavities on dorsum.
+
+
+
+
+Microscopic diagnosis:
+Slide-mounted adult female body oval, without stigmatic clefts; anal cleft fairly shallow.
+
+
+Dorsum
+. Derm membranous in young females, becoming highly sclerotized at maturity. Setae spinose, scattered throughout. Pores present throughout. Preopercular pores and duct tubercles absent. Tubular ducts of
+1 type
+present throughout, each with fairly long outer ductule, and distinctly shorter, narrower inner filament ending in a terminal gland. Anal plates together quadrate, each plate with 3 apical setae. Anal plates surrounded by a large, strongly sclerotized area.
+
+
+Margin
+. Marginal setae tapering with sharp apices, thinner and more curved than stigmatic setae; marginal setae very sparse, with intervals between setae on sides of body 4‒10 times as long as setae, numbering about 24 on each side between anterior and posterior spiracular clefts. Stigmatic setae numbering 1 or
+2 in
+each group, slightly shorter, straighter and blunter than marginal setae.
+
+
+Venter
+. Derm completely membranous. Pregenital disc-pores each with 10 loculi, present around anogenital fold and in broad transverse bands across abdominal segments; also a few present laterally near each spiracular pore. Spiracular disc-pores each with 5 loculi, present in a narrow band between each spiracle and margin. Anterior and posterior spiracles large. Tubular ducts of
+2 types
+: (i) small ducts each with a short inner ductule, present in a wide submarginal band along edge of entire body, also surrounding mouthparts; and (ii) smaller
+type
+with a longer inner ductule, similar to that on dorsum present medially on all abdominal and thoracic segments. Setae short and scattered, with 3 or 4 pairs between antennal bases, of which 2 pairs longer than the others. Legs each lacking a tibio-tarsal articulatory sclerosis; claw held at right-angles to tarsus, with denticle; claw and tarsal digitules all thin and with small apical dilations. Antennae each with 6 segments, third segment longest. Anal ring bearing 8 long, thick setae and partly with double row of pores.
+
+
+
+
+FIGURE 24.
+Adult female of
+
+Eulecanium rugulosum
+(Arachangelskaya)
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+Distribution:
+
+Eulecanium rugulosum
+
+is known only from
+Armenia
+,
+Iran
+,
+Kazakhstan
+,
+Kyrgyzstan
+,
+Tajikistan
+,
+Türkiye
+(
+Turkey
+),
+Turkmenistan
+and
+Uzbekistan
+(
+
+García Morales
+et al
+. 2016
+
+). In
+Iran
+, it is found in
+Fars
+and
+Kermanshah
+provinces (
+Kaussari 1957
+).
+
+
+Host-plants:
+The species has been recorded on host-plants in 22 genera belonging to 8 families but likes Rosaceous hosts (
+
+García Morales
+et al
+. 2016
+
+). In
+Iran
+, it has been recorded on
+
+Pistacia khinjuk
+
+(
+Anacardiaceae
+) and
+
+Corylus avellana
+
+(
+Betulaceae
+) (
+Moghaddam 2013
+).
+
+
+Economic importance:
+There are no records of economic damage in
+Iran
+.
+
+
+Natural enemies:
+None recorded in
+Iran
+.
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FFA7397592DA913C36C5DADE.xml b/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FFA7397592DA913C36C5DADE.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..2cd2c27bd9d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FFA7397592DA913C36C5DADE.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+
+
+
+The Scale Insects Of Iran (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) Part 3 The Soft Scales (Coccidae) And Other Families
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Moghaddam, Masumeh
+Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Watson, Gillian W.
+0000-0001-9914-0094
+Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran. & Science: Research, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, U. K. gillian. watson @ nhm. ac. uk; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 9914 - 0094 * Corresponding author. moghadam @ iripp. ir; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0908 - 838 X & Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.
+gillian.watson@nhm.ac.uk
+
+text
+
+
+Zootaxa
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-11-29
+
+
+5542
+
+
+1
+
+
+1
+202
+
+
+
+
+https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1
+
+journal article
+306474
+10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1
+b349e73d-c49e-418c-81f7-c5d32e136362
+1175-5334
+14385386
+2DB3A5B7-4292-4CD9-B6D8-FA97EB48DD16
+
+
+
+
+
+Genus
+
+ERIOPELTIS
+Signoret
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Eriopeltis
+Signoret, 1872b: 429
+
+
+.
+Type
+species:
+
+Coccus festucae
+Fonscolombe
+
+by monotypy and original designation.
+
+
+
+
+
+Diagnostic characters of the adult female:
+Live adult female completely enclosed by felt-like ovisac. Slide-mounted, body lacking stigmatic clefts and setae (apart from a few pregenital setae). Large, truncate-conical spines present throughout almost entire dorsum. Legs and antennae much reduced in size. Anal cleft short.
+
+
+
+
+Comments:
+Worldwide, nine species are included in
+
+Eriopeltis
+Signoret
+
+(
+
+García Morales
+et al
+. 2016
+
+); only
+
+E. festucae
+(Boyer de Fonscolombe)
+
+is known from
+Iran
+(
+Bodenheimer 1944b
+).
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FFAA397892DA97C3363FDF36.xml b/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FFAA397892DA97C3363FDF36.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..ff0516a3c9f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FFAA397892DA97C3363FDF36.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
+
+
+
+The Scale Insects Of Iran (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) Part 3 The Soft Scales (Coccidae) And Other Families
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Moghaddam, Masumeh
+Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Watson, Gillian W.
+0000-0001-9914-0094
+Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran. & Science: Research, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, U. K. gillian. watson @ nhm. ac. uk; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 9914 - 0094 * Corresponding author. moghadam @ iripp. ir; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0908 - 838 X & Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.
+gillian.watson@nhm.ac.uk
+
+text
+
+
+Zootaxa
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-11-29
+
+
+5542
+
+
+1
+
+
+1
+202
+
+
+
+
+https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1
+
+journal article
+306474
+10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1
+b349e73d-c49e-418c-81f7-c5d32e136362
+1175-5334
+14385386
+2DB3A5B7-4292-4CD9-B6D8-FA97EB48DD16
+
+
+
+
+
+Genus
+
+DIDESMOCOCCUS
+Borchsenius
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Didesmococcus
+Borchsenius, 1953: 281
+
+
+.
+Type
+species:
+
+Didesmococcus megriensis
+Borchsenius
+
+[=
+
+D. unifasciatus
+(Archangelskaya)
+
+] by original designation.
+
+
+
+
+
+Diagnostic characters of the adult female:
+Slide-mounted, body oval, very strongly convex with a small marginal lip. Dorsal microducts large. Preopercular pores and long setae present in 2 groups: (i) anterior to anal plates, and (ii) on dorsum of head near anterior margin.Antennae each with 9 segments. Legs well developed, each without a tibio-tarsal articulatory sclerosis; claw and tarsal digitules all slender. Anal cleft of moderate depth. Spiracular disc-pores each with 8 or 9 loculi, present in broad band between each spiracle and margin, expanding towards margin and extending along margin just ventral to marginal setae. Pregenital disc-pores mainly each with 10 loculi, numerous around anogenital fold and extending forwards more sparsely onto prothorax. Ventral tubular ducts absent.
+
+
+
+
+Comments:
+Worldwide, two species are included in
+
+Didesmococcus
+Borchsenius
+
+(
+
+García Morales
+et al
+. 2016
+
+);
+
+D. unifasciatus
+
+is known from
+Iran
+(
+Farahbakhsh 1961
+).
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FFAC397C92DA905D30ACDE14.xml b/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FFAC397C92DA905D30ACDE14.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..ac8378e1623
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FFAC397C92DA905D30ACDE14.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,182 @@
+
+
+
+The Scale Insects Of Iran (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) Part 3 The Soft Scales (Coccidae) And Other Families
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Moghaddam, Masumeh
+Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Watson, Gillian W.
+0000-0001-9914-0094
+Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran. & Science: Research, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, U. K. gillian. watson @ nhm. ac. uk; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 9914 - 0094 * Corresponding author. moghadam @ iripp. ir; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0908 - 838 X & Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.
+gillian.watson@nhm.ac.uk
+
+text
+
+
+Zootaxa
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-11-29
+
+
+5542
+
+
+1
+
+
+1
+202
+
+
+
+
+https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1
+
+journal article
+306474
+10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1
+b349e73d-c49e-418c-81f7-c5d32e136362
+1175-5334
+14385386
+2DB3A5B7-4292-4CD9-B6D8-FA97EB48DD16
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Genus
+
+COCCUS
+Linnaeus
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Coccus
+Linnaeus, 1758: 455
+
+
+.
+Type
+species:
+
+Coccus hesperidum
+Linnaeus
+
+by subsequent designation.
+
+
+Calymmata
+Costa, 1828: 6
+
+
+.
+
+
+Calypticus
+Costa, 1829: 8
+
+
+.
+
+
+Taiwansaissetia
+Tao, Wong & Chang, 1983: 77
+
+
+.
+
+
+
+Diagnostic characters of the adult female:
+Live adult female oval / elongate / pyriform, usually flat to only slightly convex. Slide-mounted, body oval; dorsal surface membranous, gradually increasing in thickness at maturity, with small areolations present. Dorsum with short setae setose / spinose / clavate / cylindrical. Ventral surface with short setae. Pregenital disc-pores mainly each with 10 loculi, present around anogenital fold or extending anteriorly, even as far forward as head. Spiracular disc-pores each with 5 loculi. Preopercular pores present or absent. Dorsal tubular ducts and dorsal submarginal tubercles sometimes present (usually on submargin). Ventral tubular ducts present or absent; when present, located medially or occasionally forming a sparse to moderately dense submarginal band. Marginal setae simple or branched distally; stigmatic clefts deep or shallow, each containing 3 stigmatic setae. Antennae usually with 7 or 8 segments. Legs usually well developed, with or without a tibio-tarsal articulatory sclerosis. Anal cleft of moderate depth. Anal plates together quadrate, sometimes with subdiscal setae but never with discal setae. Anal ring with 6 or 8 setae.
+
+
+
+
+FIGURE 17.
+Adult female of
+
+Ceroplastes sinensis
+Del Guercio.
+
+
+
+
+
+Comments:
+Worldwide, 114 species are included in
+
+Coccus
+(
+
+García Morales
+et al
+. 2016
+
+)
+
+; two species are known from
+Iran
+(
+Moghaddam 2013
+).
+
+
+
+
+
+Key to species of
+
+Coccus
+
+in
+Iran
+,
+
+based on slide-mounted adult females.
+
+
+
+
+
+1(0) Submarginal duct tubercles present. Antennae each with 7 segments. Ventral tubular ducts present medially near attachments of legs (especially on mesothorax), absent from abdominal submargin. Each claw without a denticle. Dorsal setae bluntly pointed............................................................................
+
+hesperidum
+Linnaeus
+
+
+
+
+
+- Submarginal duct tubercles absent. Antennae each with 8 segments. Ventral tubular ducts absent medially near attachments of mesothoracic legs but present on abdominal submargin. Each claw with a denticle. Dorsal setae sharply pointed.................................................................................... ..
+
+pseudomagnoliarum
+(Kuwana)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FFAE397A92DA94FF35D1DFEB.xml b/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FFAE397A92DA94FF35D1DFEB.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..dc9f4f8e13c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FFAE397A92DA94FF35D1DFEB.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,389 @@
+
+
+
+The Scale Insects Of Iran (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) Part 3 The Soft Scales (Coccidae) And Other Families
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Moghaddam, Masumeh
+Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Watson, Gillian W.
+0000-0001-9914-0094
+Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran. & Science: Research, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, U. K. gillian. watson @ nhm. ac. uk; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 9914 - 0094 * Corresponding author. moghadam @ iripp. ir; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0908 - 838 X & Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.
+gillian.watson@nhm.ac.uk
+
+text
+
+
+Zootaxa
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-11-29
+
+
+5542
+
+
+1
+
+
+1
+202
+
+
+
+
+https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1
+
+journal article
+306474
+10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1
+b349e73d-c49e-418c-81f7-c5d32e136362
+1175-5334
+14385386
+2DB3A5B7-4292-4CD9-B6D8-FA97EB48DD16
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Coccus hesperidum
+Linnaeus
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+(
+Fig. 18
+,
+Plate 2B
+, distribution map
+Fig. 89I
+)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Coccus hesperidum
+Linnaeus, 1758: 455
+
+
+.
+
+
+
+Field characteristics:
+Live adult female elongate oval to broadly oval, either flat or slightly convex; generally pale green to brown mature specimens with darker brown patches and speckles, particularly across body at widest part; also with a small white wax patch at each spiracular cleft. Stigmatic clefts small but distinct.
+
+
+
+
+Microscopic diagnosis:
+Body of slide-mounted adult female elongate oval to oval, with distinct stigmatic clefts. Anal cleft of moderate depth.
+
+
+Dorsum
+. Derm membranous in young females, old females with a few small, pale areolations. Setae each with parallel sides, more-or-less bluntly pointed, scattered throughout. Pores of
+2 types
+: (i) indistinct circular flat pores, possibly with a finely granulate surface, present throughout; and (ii) areolations (not shown in illustration), each containing a minute microduct, present throughout. Preopercular pores slightly larger than
+type
+(i) simple pores, present in a scattered group anterior to anal plates and extending forwards to first abdominal segment. Tubular ducts, each with a long thin outer ductule with small terminal gland, sometimes very sparsely present submarginally. Duct tubercles present submarginally. Anal plates together quadrate, each with 4 subterminal or terminal setae. Anal ring with 6 setae.
+
+
+Margin
+. Marginal setae each typically with flattened, fimbriate apex, but some apices can appear pointed (depending on their orientation); with 8‒14 setae present on each side between anterior and posterior stigmatic clefts. Stigmatic clefts developed, rather shallow, each containing 3 (rarely 4) stigmatic setae, each median seta longest, generally slightly curved, with a blunt apex.
+
+
+Venter
+. Derm entirely membranous. Pregenital disc-pores usually each with 10 loculi, present in a sparse group around anogenital fold and mediolaterally on preceding 1 or 2 segments. Spiracular disc-pores each with 5 loculi, present in narrow band between each spiracle and margin. Ventral tubular ducts of
+1 type
+, each with a well-developed terminal gland, present in a distinct pattern: with a small group just mesad to each procoxa, a larger group mesad to each mesocoxa and usually extending into median area of mesothorax, and a few present laterally between meso- and metacoxa. Three pregenital segments each with a pair of long setae; also with a pair of long setae and 1 or 2 pairs of short setae between antennal bases, and with smaller setae present rather sparsely throughout. Antennae each with 7 segments. Legs well developed, each with a distinct tibio-tarsal articulatory sclerosis; each claw without a denticle; claw digitules both broad; tarsal digitules longer than claw digitules.
+
+
+
+
+FIGURE 18.
+Adult female of
+
+Coccus hesperidum
+Linnaeus.
+
+
+
+
+
+Distribution:
+
+Coccus hesperidum
+
+is a cosmopolitan species; in
+Iran
+, it is found in Elborz,
+Esfahan
+,
+Fars
+,
+Gilan
+,
+Golestan
+, Khouzestan,
+Markazi
+, and
+Mazandaran
+, Sistan & Balouchestan,
+Tehran
+,
+Yazd
+provinces (
+Moghaddam 2017
+).
+
+
+
+
+Host-plants:
+The scale is highly polyphagous; in
+Iran
+, it has been found on
+
+Nerium oleander
+
+(
+Apocynaceae
+);
+
+Ilex
+sp.
+
+(
+Aquifoliaceae
+);
+
+Yucca baccata
+
+(
+Asparagaceae
+);
+
+Gynura aurantiaca
+
+(
+Asteraceae
+);
+
+Diospyros kaki
+
+(
+Ebenaceae
+);
+
+Alhagi camelorum
+
+,
+
+Cercis siliquastrum
+
+and
+
+Robinia pseud-acacia
+
+(
+Fabaceae
+);
+
+Castanea sativa
+
+(
+Fagaceae
+);
+
+Saintpaulia shumensis
+
+(Geshneriaceae);
+
+Laurus nobilis
+
+(
+Lauraceae
+);
+
+Lycopodium clavatum
+
+(
+Lycopodiaceae
+);
+
+Punica granatum
+
+(
+Lythraceae
+);
+
+Ficus benjamina
+
+,
+
+F. carica
+
+and
+
+Morus alba
+
+(
+Moraceae
+);
+
+Cyclamen
+sp.
+
+(
+Myrsinaceae
+);
+
+Mirabilis jalapa
+
+(
+Nyctaginaceae
+);
+
+Peperomia magnoliifolia
+
+(
+Piperaceae
+);
+
+Armeniaca vulgaris
+
+(
+Rosaceae
+);
+
+Citrus
+spp.
+
+including
+
+C. aurantium
+
+(
+Rutaceae
+);
+
+Acer circinatum
+
+(
+Sapindaceae
+), and
+
+Ulmus campestris
+
+(
+Ulmaceae
+) (
+Moghaddam 2013
+).
+
+
+
+
+Economic importance:
+
+Coccus hesperidum
+
+is an agricultural pest in
+Iran
+, particularly on commercial greenhouse crops.
+
+
+Natural enemies:
+In
+Iran
+, a large number of parasitoid wasps (
+Hymenoptera
+) attack
+
+C. hesperidum
+
+, including
+
+Coccophagus lycimnia
+(Walker)
+
+(
+Aphelinidae
+); and
+
+Blastothrix sericea
+(Dalman)
+
+,
+
+Encyrtus aurantii
+(Geoffroy)
+
+,
+
+E. lecaniorum
+Mayr
+
+,
+
+Metaphycus angustifrons
+Compere
+
+,
+
+M. claviger
+(Timberlake)
+
+,
+
+Microterys ericeri
+Ishii
+
+,
+
+M. hortulanus
+Erdös
+
+, and
+
+M. nietneri
+(Motschulsky)
+
+(
+Encyrtidae
+) (
+
+Davoodi
+et al
+. 2002
+
+,
+2003
+,
+2004
+;
+Lotfalizadeh 2010
+).
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FFB4396692DA94D434ECD862.xml b/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FFB4396692DA94D434ECD862.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..6fb8ccc0f11
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FFB4396692DA94D434ECD862.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+
+
+
+The Scale Insects Of Iran (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) Part 3 The Soft Scales (Coccidae) And Other Families
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Moghaddam, Masumeh
+Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Watson, Gillian W.
+0000-0001-9914-0094
+Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran. & Science: Research, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, U. K. gillian. watson @ nhm. ac. uk; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 9914 - 0094 * Corresponding author. moghadam @ iripp. ir; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0908 - 838 X & Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.
+gillian.watson@nhm.ac.uk
+
+text
+
+
+Zootaxa
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-11-29
+
+
+5542
+
+
+1
+
+
+1
+202
+
+
+
+
+https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1
+
+journal article
+306474
+10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1
+b349e73d-c49e-418c-81f7-c5d32e136362
+1175-5334
+14385386
+2DB3A5B7-4292-4CD9-B6D8-FA97EB48DD16
+
+
+
+
+
+Genus
+
+BODENHEIMERA
+Bodenheimer
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Bodenheimera
+Bodenheimer, 1935: 251
+
+
+.
+Type
+species:
+
+Lecanium racheli
+Bodenheimer
+
+by monotypy.
+
+
+
+
+
+Diagnostic characters of the adult female:
+In life, adult female broadly oval, flat. Dorsum with two broad brownish red stripes running from about eyes to anal plates. Pieces of white wax scattered over dorsum. Slide-mounted, body with large bilocular figure-of-eight pores on dorsum. Stigmatic clefts lacking; marginal setae spinose and extending up margins of anal cleft; stigmatic setae not differentiated from marginal setae. Legs each without a tibio-tarsal articulatory sclerosis. Anal cleft shallow and quite wide. Anal plates each with a sharply spinose discal seta, and spinose setae present on inner margin.
+
+
+
+
+Comments:
+
+Bodenheimera
+
+is a monotypic genus; the
+type
+species, described from
+Israel
+, also occurs in
+Iran
+(
+
+García Morales
+et al.
+2016
+
+).
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FFB6396392DA95E630ADDC03.xml b/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FFB6396392DA95E630ADDC03.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..4efc0df122b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FFB6396392DA95E630ADDC03.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,256 @@
+
+
+
+The Scale Insects Of Iran (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) Part 3 The Soft Scales (Coccidae) And Other Families
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Moghaddam, Masumeh
+Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Watson, Gillian W.
+0000-0001-9914-0094
+Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran. & Science: Research, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, U. K. gillian. watson @ nhm. ac. uk; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 9914 - 0094 * Corresponding author. moghadam @ iripp. ir; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0908 - 838 X & Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.
+gillian.watson@nhm.ac.uk
+
+text
+
+
+Zootaxa
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-11-29
+
+
+5542
+
+
+1
+
+
+1
+202
+
+
+
+
+https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1
+
+journal article
+306474
+10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1
+b349e73d-c49e-418c-81f7-c5d32e136362
+1175-5334
+14385386
+2DB3A5B7-4292-4CD9-B6D8-FA97EB48DD16
+
+
+
+
+
+Genus
+
+CEROPLASTES
+Grey
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Coccus (Ceroplastes)
+Gray, 1828: 7
+
+
+.
+Type
+species:
+
+Coccus janeirensis
+Gray
+
+by subsequent designation of
+
+Fernald 1903: 147
+
+.
+
+
+Columnea
+Targioni Tozzetti, 1866: 142
+
+
+.
+
+
+Vinsonia
+Signoret, 1872a: 33
+
+
+.
+
+Gascardia
+Targioni Tozzetti
+
+in
+
+Gascard, 1893: 88
+
+.
+
+
+Ceroplastes (Ceroplastina)
+Cockerell, 1910: 76
+
+
+.
+
+
+Ceroplastes (Ceroplastidia)
+Cockerell, 1910: 76
+
+
+.
+
+
+Baccacoccus
+Brain, 1920: 127
+
+
+.
+
+
+Cerostegia
+De Lotto, 1969b: 211
+
+
+.
+
+
+Paracerostegia
+Tang, 1991: 303
+
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+
+Diagnostic characters of the adult female:
+Live adult female broadly oval to circular, usually convex. Females covered with thick, dense amorphous wax, usually white, which may or may not be divided into distinct plates. Slide-mounted, body membranous immediately after final moult, but becoming sclerotized with age; stigmatic clefts shallow and broad; normally with a heavily sclerotized caudal process, although this may remain pad-like and increase in area with age, or become progressively more prominent and overlay base of anal cleft.Anal plates usually longer than wide, always situated at end of caudal process. Marginal setae variable in size, shape, and distribution. Stigmatic setae differentiated from marginal setae, numerous, conical / hemispherical / bullet-shaped, each cleft with 5‒100, extending along margins beyond spiracular cleft and often in several rows on dorsal surface, forming oval group. Dorsal pores with 2‒4 loculi, often irregularly shaped. Several oval to circular clear areas often present, free of pores and setae. Ventral tubular ducts, if present, restricted to a group near anogenital fold and anteriorly between antennae, rarely forming a submarginal band. Legs usually well developed, occasionally reduced, with or without tibio-tarsal sclerosis; each with a tibio-tarsal articulation and well-developed sclerosis. One or 2 pairs of long setae present between antennal bases. Multilocular disc-pores present near anogenital fold. Quinquelocular spiracular disc-pores present in bands between spiracles and margin. Anal ring with 8 setae. Antenna with 6 or 7 segments.
+
+
+
+
+Comments:
+Worldwide, 144 species are included in
+
+Ceroplastes
+(
+
+García Morales
+et al
+. 2016
+
+)
+
+; four species are known from
+Iran
+(
+Moghaddam 2013
+,
+Moghaddam & Nematian 2021
+). The presence of the African species
+
+C. elytropappi
+(Brain)
+
+in
+Iran
+, mentioned by
+
+Ghahari
+et al
+. (2010)
+
+, is probably a misidentification, so the species is not included in the key below.
+
+
+
+
+
+Key to species of
+
+Ceroplastes
+
+in
+Iran
+,
+
+based on slide-mounted adult females.
+
+
+
+
+
+1(0) Ventral tubular ducts, each with inflated inner filament, present in a dense narrow submarginal band. Multilocular disc-pores extending anteriorly onto thorax and present mesad to each coxa. Stigmatic setae lanceolate, with pointed apices............................................................................................
+
+floridensis
+Comstock
+
+
+
+
+- Ventral tubular ducts never with inflated inner filament, and not forming a dense narrow submarginal band; if tubular ducts present elsewhere on venter, each duct with inner filament narrow. Multilocular disc-pores rarely extending anteriorly onto thorax. Most or all stigmatic setae conical or bullet-shaped, with blunt apices..................................... 2
+
+
+
+
+
+2(1) In life, dorsum of wax test not divided into plates. On a slide, legs much reduced; tibio-tarsal articulation and articulatory scleroses absent. Ventral tubular ducts absent...................................................
+
+rubens
+Maskell
+
+
+
+
+- In life, dorsum of wax test divided into plates. On a slide, legs well developed; tibio-tarsal articulation and articulatory scleroses present. Ventral tubular ducts present on head............................................................... 3
+
+
+
+
+
+3(2) In life, dorsum of wax test with 8 plates around margin, each wax plate same colour throughout; venter of wax test with broad white stripe between each spiracle and margin. On a slide, antennae normally with 6 segments. Dorsal pores predominantly bilocular. Spiracular bands broad, each about 7 pores wide........................................
+
+rusci
+(Linnaeus)
+
+
+
+
+
+- In life, dorsum of wax test with 7 plates around margin, each wax plate white with a blurred brownish patch at centre; venter of wax test with narrow white stripe between each spiracle and margin. On a slide, antennae normally with 7 segments. Dorsal pores predominantly trilocular. Spiracular bands narrower, each up to 5 pores wide.................
+
+sinensis
+Del Guercio
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FFB9396B92DA97C337F9DF7B.xml b/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FFB9396B92DA97C337F9DF7B.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a76b9fe8d52
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FFB9396B92DA97C337F9DF7B.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+
+
+
+The Scale Insects Of Iran (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) Part 3 The Soft Scales (Coccidae) And Other Families
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Moghaddam, Masumeh
+Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Watson, Gillian W.
+0000-0001-9914-0094
+Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran. & Science: Research, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, U. K. gillian. watson @ nhm. ac. uk; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 9914 - 0094 * Corresponding author. moghadam @ iripp. ir; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0908 - 838 X & Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.
+gillian.watson@nhm.ac.uk
+
+text
+
+
+Zootaxa
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-11-29
+
+
+5542
+
+
+1
+
+
+1
+202
+
+
+
+
+https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1
+
+journal article
+306474
+10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1
+b349e73d-c49e-418c-81f7-c5d32e136362
+1175-5334
+14385386
+2DB3A5B7-4292-4CD9-B6D8-FA97EB48DD16
+
+
+
+
+
+Genus
+
+ACANTHOLECANIUM
+Borchsenius
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Acantholecanium
+Borchsenius, 1949a: 339
+
+
+.
+Type
+species:
+
+Ctenochiton haloxyloni
+Hall
+
+by monotypy and original designation.
+
+
+
+
+
+Diagnostic characters of the adult female:
+Live adult female broadly oval to circular, highly convex. Margin with a series of broad, rounded protruberant rays. Slide-mounted, body lacking stigmatic clefts. Marginal setae conical. Stigmatic setae not differentiated from marginal setae. Anal cleft fairly short. Ventral tubular ducts of more than
+1 type
+,
+one type
+with both inner and outer ductules very broad, present in a broad submarginal band from anterior to antennae to about abdominal segment
+II
+, but absent from anterior end between antennae. Legs very much reduced, each with tibia and tarsus fused and trochanter indistinct.
+
+
+
+
+Comments:
+
+Acantholecanium
+
+is a monotypic genus apparently restricted to the Middle East, including
+Iran
+and eastern North Africa (
+
+García Morales
+et al.
+2016
+
+).
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FFBA396892DA949C374FD889.xml b/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FFBA396892DA949C374FD889.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..950c82f456f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FFBA396892DA949C374FD889.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+
+
+
+The Scale Insects Of Iran (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) Part 3 The Soft Scales (Coccidae) And Other Families
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Moghaddam, Masumeh
+Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Watson, Gillian W.
+0000-0001-9914-0094
+Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran. & Science: Research, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, U. K. gillian. watson @ nhm. ac. uk; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 9914 - 0094 * Corresponding author. moghadam @ iripp. ir; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0908 - 838 X & Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.
+gillian.watson@nhm.ac.uk
+
+text
+
+
+Zootaxa
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-11-29
+
+
+5542
+
+
+1
+
+
+1
+202
+
+
+
+
+https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1
+
+journal article
+306474
+10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1
+b349e73d-c49e-418c-81f7-c5d32e136362
+1175-5334
+14385386
+2DB3A5B7-4292-4CD9-B6D8-FA97EB48DD16
+
+
+
+
+
+Genus
+
+ANAPULVINARIA
+Borchsenius
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Anapulvinaria
+Borchsenius, 1952b: 300
+
+
+.
+Type
+species:
+
+Pulvinaria pistaciae
+Bodenheimer
+
+by monotypy and original designation.
+
+
+
+
+
+Diagnostic characters of the adult female:
+Live adult female broadly oval to circular with fairly short anal cleft, dorsum slightly convex; secreting a large, flat, elliptical ovisac. Slide-mounted, body with spiracular pore bands narrow, stigmatic clefts not developed. Stigmatic setae sometimes slightly differentiated, bluntly spinose, of similar lengths, subequal with or shorter than marginal setae, numbering 0−2 per stigmatic area. Marginal setae bluntly spinose, sometimes slightly curved. Dorsal setae slender to strongly conical or absent. Preopercular pores absent. Dorsal tubular ducts each with inner ductule ending with a large terminal gland. Ventral tubular ducts abundant throughout. Legs well developed; each claw without a denticle. Anal plates together approximately quadrate, but with outer angles rounded and posterolateral margins convex.
+
+
+
+
+Comments:
+At present,
+
+Anapulvinaria
+
+is a monotypic genus; the only species, described from
+Israel
+, also occurs in
+Iran
+(
+
+García Morales
+et al.
+2016
+
+).
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FFC0391092DA93F837A8DFB2.xml b/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FFC0391092DA93F837A8DFB2.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..7189873fffc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FFC0391092DA93F837A8DFB2.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,199 @@
+
+
+
+The Scale Insects Of Iran (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) Part 3 The Soft Scales (Coccidae) And Other Families
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Moghaddam, Masumeh
+Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Watson, Gillian W.
+0000-0001-9914-0094
+Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran. & Science: Research, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, U. K. gillian. watson @ nhm. ac. uk; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 9914 - 0094 * Corresponding author. moghadam @ iripp. ir; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0908 - 838 X & Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.
+gillian.watson@nhm.ac.uk
+
+text
+
+
+Zootaxa
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-11-29
+
+
+5542
+
+
+1
+
+
+1
+202
+
+
+
+
+https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1
+
+journal article
+306474
+10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1
+b349e73d-c49e-418c-81f7-c5d32e136362
+1175-5334
+14385386
+2DB3A5B7-4292-4CD9-B6D8-FA97EB48DD16
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Saissetia coffeae
+(Walker)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+(
+Fig. 40
+, distribution map
+Fig. 93K
+)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Lecanium coffeae
+Walker, 1852: 1079
+
+
+.
+
+Saissetia coffeae
+(Walker)
+
+;
+
+Williams 1957: 314
+
+.
+
+
+
+Field characteristics:
+Live adult female at maturity convex dorsally and flattened ventrally, shiny tan to light brown, with many evenly spaced light dots over most of dorsal surface. Nymphs and young adult females with raised “H” pattern on dorsum, but this disappears in mature adult female.
+
+
+
+
+Microscopic diagnosis:
+Slide-mounted adult female body oval; stigmatic clefts very shallow. Anal cleft moderately deep.
+
+
+Dorsum
+. Derm membranous on young female; becoming heavily sclerotized at maturity, with many small oval areolations, usually each areolation containing a microduct. Setae short, spinose, distributed throughout. Pores of
+2 types
+: (i) circular simple pores; and (ii) micropores, each with a fine filament; both scattered throughout. Preopercular pores circular, variable in size, present in a group of 6‒13 anterior to anal plates. Duct tubercles, each with an inner filamentous ductule, few, present in submarginal row. Tubular ducts absent. Anal plates together quadrate, each plate triangular, with a large discal seta in addition to 3 apical setae. Anal ring bearing 8 setae.
+
+
+Margin
+. Marginal setae of 2 sizes, both with slightly expanded and more-or-less fimbriate apices; each side with 12‒18 setae between anterior and posterior stigmatic areas, also with 1‒3 longer, simple setae on each side of anal cleft opening. Stigmatic clefts each with 3 unequal setae; median seta longer than lateral setae, slightly bent, with a blunt apex.
+
+
+Venter
+. Derm membranous. Pregenital disc-pores mostly each with 10 loculi, numerous around anogenital fold and across all preceding abdominal segments; a few occasionally present medially on metathorax and with small groups laterad to each coxa. Spiracular disc-pores each with 5 loculi, present in bands each about 2 or 3 pores wide between each spiracle and margin, and a few between each spiracle and nearby coxa. Tubular ducts of
+3 types
+: (i) duct with wide outer and inner ductules and a large terminal gland, present in inner areas of submarginal band of ducts; (ii) small duct with a short outer ductule and a short filamentous inner ductule, without an enlarged terminal gland, present in outer areas of submarginal band of ducts; and (iii) duct with a fairly narrow outer ductule, a much thinner inner ductule and a large terminal gland, present along inner edge of submarginal band of ducts; submarginal band of ducts extending from head to last abdominal segment but absent from stigmatic areas. Three pregenital segments each with a pair of long setae; also 2 pairs of long and 2‒4 pairs of short setae between antennal bases; other setae small and scattered. Microducts present throughout. Antennae each with 8 segments. Legs well developed, each with a tibio-tarsal articulation and a small articulatory sclerosis; claw without denticle; claw digitules both broad, shorter than tarsal digitules.
+
+
+
+
+FIGURE 40.
+Adult female of
+
+Saissetia coffeae
+(
+Walker)
+
+, reproduced from
+Hamon & Williams (1984)
+page 108, fig. 84, with permission from Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Florida, USA.
+
+
+
+
+Distribution:
+
+Saissetia coffeae
+
+is a species of African origin but is now cosmopolitan. In
+Iran
+, this alien species has been recorded in
+Gilan province
+(
+Kaussari 1957
+).
+
+
+
+
+Host-plants:
+The species is highly polyphagous, having been recorded on host-plants in 313 genera belonging to 112 families (
+
+García Morales
+et al
+. 2016
+
+). In
+Iran
+, it has been found on
+
+Euonymus
+sp.
+
+(
+Celastraceae
+) and
+
+Cycas
+sp.
+
+(
+Cycadaceae
+) (
+Farahbakhsh 1961
+).
+
+
+
+
+Economic importance:
+Not of any economic importance in
+Iran
+.
+
+
+Natural enemies:
+None recorded in
+Iran
+.
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FFC0391292DA97C330ACD919.xml b/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FFC0391292DA97C330ACD919.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..cf8b4321b99
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FFC0391292DA97C330ACD919.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,190 @@
+
+
+
+The Scale Insects Of Iran (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) Part 3 The Soft Scales (Coccidae) And Other Families
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Moghaddam, Masumeh
+Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Watson, Gillian W.
+0000-0001-9914-0094
+Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran. & Science: Research, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, U. K. gillian. watson @ nhm. ac. uk; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 9914 - 0094 * Corresponding author. moghadam @ iripp. ir; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0908 - 838 X & Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.
+gillian.watson@nhm.ac.uk
+
+text
+
+
+Zootaxa
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-11-29
+
+
+5542
+
+
+1
+
+
+1
+202
+
+
+
+
+https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1
+
+journal article
+306474
+10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1
+b349e73d-c49e-418c-81f7-c5d32e136362
+1175-5334
+14385386
+2DB3A5B7-4292-4CD9-B6D8-FA97EB48DD16
+
+
+
+
+
+Genus
+
+SAISSETIA
+Déplanche
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Saissetia
+Déplanche, 1859: 6
+
+
+.
+Type
+species:
+
+Lecanium coffeae
+Walker
+
+by subsequent designation
+
+Ben-Dov 1989: 114‒118
+
+.
+
+
+Bernardia
+Ashmead, 1891: 100
+
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+
+Diagnostic characters of the adult female:
+In life, body of fully mature adults very convex (hemispherical); dorsum of nymphs and young adults with a distinctive, raised “H” formed by narrow raised ridges (carinae) but this disappears in mature adult female. Slide-mounted body oval, dorsum with numerous oval areolations quite close together; duct tubercles and pocket-like sclerotizations usually present (but occasionally both absent); preopercular pores present. Margins with at least some marginal setae fimbriate; spiracular clefts developed, shallow, each containing 3 unequal spiracular setae. Anal cleft moderately deep; anal plates each triangular, with a large discal seta in addition to apical setae. Venter with pregenital disc-pores mainly scattered around anogenital fold, not extending into prothorax medially; tubular ducts of 1‒
+3 types
+, present in submarginal band; legs with tibia and tarsus articulated, with articulatory sclerosis usually present; both claw digitules broad. Antennae 8 segmented.
+
+
+
+
+Comments:
+Worldwide, 46 species are included in
+
+Saissetia
+(
+
+García Morales
+et al
+. 2016
+
+)
+
+; three species are known from
+Iran
+(
+Kaussari 1957
+;
+
+Moghaddam
+et al
+. 2015b
+
+).
+
+
+
+
+
+Key to species of
+
+Saissetia
+
+in
+Iran
+,
+
+based on slide-mounted adult females.
+
+
+
+
+
+1(0) Ventral tubular ducts in submarginal band of 2 main
+types
+, present in 2 separate zones; outer zone containing ducts each with inner filament slender, and inner zone containing ducts each with inner filament about as wide as outer ductule.................................................................................................
+
+coffeae
+(Walker)
+
+
+
+
+
+- Ventral tubular ducts in submarginal band present in single zone containing ducts of only
+1 type
+, each duct with inner filament slender............................................................................................. 2
+
+
+
+
+
+
+2(1) Marginal setae numbering 40−60 between anterior stigmatic clefts, and about 17−20 on each side between anterior and posterior stigmatic clefts................................................................
+
+miranda
+(Cockerell & Parrott)
+
+
+
+
+
+- Marginal setae numbering fewer than 30 between anterior stigmatic clefts, and 10 or fewer on each side between anterior and posterior stigmatic clefts.....................................................................
+
+oleae
+(Olivier)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FFC6391492DA97C3362ADF7B.xml b/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FFC6391492DA97C3362ADF7B.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..504d0ee4a49
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FFC6391492DA97C3362ADF7B.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+
+
+
+The Scale Insects Of Iran (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) Part 3 The Soft Scales (Coccidae) And Other Families
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Moghaddam, Masumeh
+Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Watson, Gillian W.
+0000-0001-9914-0094
+Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran. & Science: Research, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, U. K. gillian. watson @ nhm. ac. uk; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 9914 - 0094 * Corresponding author. moghadam @ iripp. ir; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0908 - 838 X & Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.
+gillian.watson@nhm.ac.uk
+
+text
+
+
+Zootaxa
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-11-29
+
+
+5542
+
+
+1
+
+
+1
+202
+
+
+
+
+https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1
+
+journal article
+306474
+10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1
+b349e73d-c49e-418c-81f7-c5d32e136362
+1175-5334
+14385386
+2DB3A5B7-4292-4CD9-B6D8-FA97EB48DD16
+
+
+
+
+
+Genus
+
+RHODOCOCCUS
+Borchsenius
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Rhodococcus
+Borchsenius, 1953: 283
+
+
+.
+Type
+species:
+
+Rhodococcus rosaeluteae
+Borchsenius
+
+by original designation.
+
+
+
+
+
+Diagnostic characters of the adult female:
+In life, adult female at maturity strongly convex, almost spherical, with margins bent underneath body, and with various grooves and rows of indented spots on dorsum; often with colourful bands. Slide-mounted body with dorsal surface much larger than venter. Stigmatic clefts shallow or absent. Stigmatic setae differentiated, numbering 2 per spiracular cleft, shorter than marginal setae, each spine bent, bluntly pointed. Dorsal tubular ducts present or absent; preopercular pores absent. Anal ring simple, apparently without pores and bearing either very short or no setae. Venter with 1‒3 pregenital segments each bearing a pair of long setae.
+
+
+
+
+Comments:
+Worldwide, eight species are included in
+
+Rhodococcus
+Borchsenius
+
+(
+
+García Morales
+et al
+. 2016
+
+); only
+
+R. turanicus
+
+is known from
+Iran
+(
+
+Kozár
+et al
+. 1996
+
+).
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FFCA391692DA93A237A8DE7A.xml b/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FFCA391692DA93A237A8DE7A.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..e9b3c82a214
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FFCA391692DA93A237A8DE7A.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,229 @@
+
+
+
+The Scale Insects Of Iran (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) Part 3 The Soft Scales (Coccidae) And Other Families
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Moghaddam, Masumeh
+Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Watson, Gillian W.
+0000-0001-9914-0094
+Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran. & Science: Research, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, U. K. gillian. watson @ nhm. ac. uk; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 9914 - 0094 * Corresponding author. moghadam @ iripp. ir; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0908 - 838 X & Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.
+gillian.watson@nhm.ac.uk
+
+text
+
+
+Zootaxa
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-11-29
+
+
+5542
+
+
+1
+
+
+1
+202
+
+
+
+
+https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1
+
+journal article
+306474
+10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1
+b349e73d-c49e-418c-81f7-c5d32e136362
+1175-5334
+14385386
+2DB3A5B7-4292-4CD9-B6D8-FA97EB48DD16
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Rhizopulvinaria artemisiae
+(Signoret)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+(
+Fig. 37
+,
+Plate 3C
+, distribution map
+Fig. 93I
+)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Pulvinaria artemisiae
+Signoret, 1873b: 31
+
+
+.
+
+Rhizopulvinaria artemisiae
+(Signoret)
+
+;
+
+Borchsenius 1952a: 302
+
+.
+
+
+
+Field characteristics:
+Live adult female oval to circular, convex; young female bright green with a longitudinal yellow band medially; older specimens with body wrinkled dorsally. Ovisac oval or circular, strongly convex and white.
+
+
+
+
+Microscopic diagnosis:
+Slide-mounted adult female body oval, rather more pointed anteriorly than posteriorly; more-or-less membranous at maturity; lacking stigmatic clefts; with rather shallow anal cleft.
+
+
+Dorsum
+. Derm developing sparse areolations at maturity. Setae each broadly spiniform or conical and short, sparsely distributed throughout. Pores of
+2 types
+present, both frequent throughout: (i) a minute pore whose exact structure could not be discerned, but which has a long, fine, inner filament, and (ii) a larger, round, flat pore, which may have a short, wider, inner filament. Preopercular pores circular, each with a granulate surface, present in a sparse group anterior to anal plates. Tubular ducts small and sparsely distributed.Anal plates together quadrate, each plate with 4 setae, 3 of them located on posterior and outer margins. Anal ring bearing 6 setae.
+
+
+Margin
+. Marginal setae spinelike, each 1.5−2.0 times longer than a stigmatic seta and with a blunt apex, present in 1 or uneven 2 rows. Stigmatic setae very similar to marginal setae but shorter, with 3 (sometimes 2) in each anterior stigmatic area and usually 2 (but sometimes 3 or 1) in each posterior stigmatic area.
+
+
+Venter
+. Derm membranous. With pairs of long setae on posterior 3 abdominal segments anterior to anogenital fold; 2 pairs of setae between antennal bases; also with large, spinose setae frequent in submarginal ring; other setae normal. Pregenital disc-pores mostly each with 6−8 loculi, numerous around anogenital fold, less frequent across anterior abdominal segments. Spiracular disc-pores each with 5 loculi, present in broad bands between each spiracle and margin, and with a few pores present more medially. Microducts each with an oval orifice, present throughout except on posterior abdominal segments. Tubular ducts of
+3 types
+present: (i) a duct with a fairly short outer ductule and a filamentous inner ductule; present in a rather narrow submarginal band, and becoming sparse between antennae; (ii) a duct with a long outer ductule and an equally long and wide inner ductule with a large terminal gland; present medially on head, thorax and more anterior abdominal segments; and (iii) a duct rather similar to those laterally (
+type
+(i)), but with a longer outer ductule; present medially on more posterior abdominal segments. Antennae each with 8 segments, third segment usually longest. Legs slender, each with a tibio-tarsal articulation and articulatory sclerosis; claw with a small denticle; claw digitules both fine with small knobs; tarsal digitules similar but longer and without knobs.
+
+
+
+
+FIGURE 37.
+Adult female of
+
+Rhizopulvinaria artemisiae
+(Signoret)
+
+, reproduced from
+Kosztarab & Kozár (1988)
+page 247, fig. 105 (labelled
+
+R. spinifera
+Borchsenius
+
+, a synonym), originally published by the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary. Enlargements of ventral tubular ducts of types (i), (ii) and (iii) shown; for details of their respective distributions, see the diagnosis.
+
+
+
+
+Distribution:
+
+Rhizopulvinaria artemisiae
+
+is known from 32 countries in the Palaearctic region (
+
+García Morales
+et al
+. 2016
+
+); in
+Iran
+, where it is found in
+Ardabil
+, Azarbaijan -e Sharghi,
+Esfahan
+,
+Fars
+,
+Khorasan
+-e Jounobi,
+Khorasan
+-e Razavi and
+Markazi
+provinces (
+Moghaddam 2013
+).
+
+
+Host-plants:
+The species is polyphagous, having been recorded on host-plants belonging to 19 families (
+
+García Morales
+et al
+. 2016
+
+). In
+Iran
+, it has been recorded on
+
+Echinops ritro
+
+and
+
+Artemisia
+sp.
+
+(
+Asteraceae
+),
+
+Noaea mucronata
+
+(
+Chenopodiaceae
+), and
+
+Astragalus
+sp.
+
+(
+Fabaceae
+) (
+Moghaddam 2013
+).
+
+
+Economic importance:
+Not of any economic importance in
+Iran
+.
+
+
+Natural enemies:
+None recorded in
+Iran
+.
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FFCA391892DA961E30ADD9E7.xml b/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FFCA391892DA961E30ADD9E7.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..f79b27739f2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FFCA391892DA961E30ADD9E7.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,161 @@
+
+
+
+The Scale Insects Of Iran (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) Part 3 The Soft Scales (Coccidae) And Other Families
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Moghaddam, Masumeh
+Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Watson, Gillian W.
+0000-0001-9914-0094
+Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran. & Science: Research, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, U. K. gillian. watson @ nhm. ac. uk; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 9914 - 0094 * Corresponding author. moghadam @ iripp. ir; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0908 - 838 X & Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.
+gillian.watson@nhm.ac.uk
+
+text
+
+
+Zootaxa
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-11-29
+
+
+5542
+
+
+1
+
+
+1
+202
+
+
+
+
+https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1
+
+journal article
+306474
+10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1
+b349e73d-c49e-418c-81f7-c5d32e136362
+1175-5334
+14385386
+2DB3A5B7-4292-4CD9-B6D8-FA97EB48DD16
+
+
+
+
+
+Genus
+
+RHIZOPULVINARIA
+Borchsenius
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Rhizopulvinaria
+Borchsenius, 1952b: 301
+
+
+.
+Type
+species:
+
+Rhizopulvinaria virgulata
+Borchsenius
+
+by original designation.
+
+
+
+
+
+Diagnostic characters of the adult female:
+Live adult female oval or circular, strongly convex, with short anal cleft; producing a large, very convex oval or circular white ovisac. Slide-mounted body with each spiracular pore band broad; stigmatic clefts not developed. Stigmatic setae differentiated, stoutly spinose and of similar lengths, subequal to or shorter than marginal setae, sometimes numbering fewer than 3 per stigmatic area. Marginal setae stoutly spinose, present in 1 or 2 uneven rows, each seta with blunt or pointed tip. Dorsal setae spiniform conical or setose. Preopercular pores present. Anal ring usually bearing 6 (occasionally 8) setae. Duct tubercles absent. Dorsal tubular ducts each with a filamentous inner ductule. Ventral tubular ducts numerous on head. Legs well developed, each claw with a denticle.Anal plates together approximately quadrate, with outer angles angular and posterolateral margins straight.
+
+
+
+
+Comments:
+According to ScaleNet (
+
+García Morales
+et al
+. 2016
+
+) three species are included in
+
+Rhizopulvinaria
+,
+
+two of which are known from
+Iran
+(
+Kaussari 1957
+). However,
+Kaydan & Kozár (2010)
+recognized several synonyms of
+
+R. artemisiae
+
+as valid species, bringing the total number of species to eight; the genus is in much need of revision.
+
+
+
+
+
+Key to species of
+
+Rhizopulvinaria
+
+in
+Iran
+,
+
+based on slide-mounted adult females.
+
+
+
+
+
+1(0) Ventral tubular ducts with only
+1 type
+having a large terminal gland. Stigmatic setae slightly differentiated, each about half as long as a marginal seta................................................................
+
+artemisiae
+(Signoret)
+
+
+
+
+
+- Ventral tubular ducts with
+2 types
+having well-developed terminal glands. Stigmatic setae, if differentiated, each about same length as a marginal seta or slightly shorter, and slightly thicker........................
+
+turkestanica
+(Archangelskaya)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FFCE391C92DA97C33695DB49.xml b/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FFCE391C92DA97C33695DB49.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..85e0f60c6f0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FFCE391C92DA97C33695DB49.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,254 @@
+
+
+
+The Scale Insects Of Iran (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) Part 3 The Soft Scales (Coccidae) And Other Families
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Moghaddam, Masumeh
+Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Watson, Gillian W.
+0000-0001-9914-0094
+Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran. & Science: Research, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, U. K. gillian. watson @ nhm. ac. uk; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 9914 - 0094 * Corresponding author. moghadam @ iripp. ir; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0908 - 838 X & Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.
+gillian.watson@nhm.ac.uk
+
+text
+
+
+Zootaxa
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-11-29
+
+
+5542
+
+
+1
+
+
+1
+202
+
+
+
+
+https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1
+
+journal article
+306474
+10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1
+b349e73d-c49e-418c-81f7-c5d32e136362
+1175-5334
+14385386
+2DB3A5B7-4292-4CD9-B6D8-FA97EB48DD16
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Pulvinaria floccifera
+(Westwood)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+(
+Fig. 34
+, distribution map
+Fig. 92L
+)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Coccus flocciferus
+Westwood, 1870: 308
+
+
+.
+
+Pulvinaria floccifera
+(Westwood)
+
+;
+
+Green 1897: 72
+
+.
+
+Chloropulvinaria floccifera
+(Westwood)
+
+;
+
+Borchsenius 1952b: 300
+
+.
+
+Pulvinaria floccifera
+(Westwood)
+
+;
+
+Ben-Dov 1993: 261
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+
+Field characteristics:
+Live adult female elongate oval, slightly convex, cream to tan in colour. Mature adult female produces an elongate white ovisac with 3 shallow longitudinal furrows, which may be straight or curved.
+
+
+
+
+Microscopic diagnosis:
+Slide-mounted adult female body elongate oval, remaining membranous at maturity. Stigmatic clefts rather shallow. Anal cleft of moderate depth.
+
+
+Dorsum
+. Derm entirely membranous; dermal areolations usually absent. Setae spiniform, scattered throughout. Pores absent. Preopercular pores oval to circular, present anterior to anal plates. Submarginal duct tubercles present, sometimes numbering 8 or more on each side. Tubular ducts absent. Anal plates together quadrate, each plate with 4 apical setae. Anal ring usually bearing 6 setae.
+
+
+Margin
+. Marginal setae long, acute, fringed or bifid, numerous; with about 20 setae between anterior and posterior stigmatic clefts on each side. Stigmatic clefts distinct but shallow, each containing 3 setae, median seta about 2 times longer than lateral setae.
+
+
+Venter
+. Derm membranous. Pregenital disc-pores mostly each with 7 loculi, present around anogenital fold, and on mediolateral areas of preceding 3 or 4 abdominal segments; a small group also present lateral to each metacoxa and mesocoxa. Spiracular disc-pores each with 5 loculi, present in a narrow band between each spiracle and margin. Microducts present in a broad submarginal band and scattered throughout. Tubular ducts of
+3 types
+: (i) a duct with short, filamentous inner ductule and minute terminal gland, mainly present in broad submarginal band extending from anal cleft to posterior spiracular disc-pore band, but a few also present on marginal area of head and between spiracular disc pore bands; (ii) a duct rather narrower than
+type
+(iii), with shallow cup-shaped invagination, long, slender inner ductule, and well-developed terminal gland, present medially on posterior abdominal segments and also in posterior submarginal band intermingled with ducts of
+type
+(i); and (iii) a duct with a fairly wide inner ductule and well-developed terminal gland, present medially on head, thorax, and first 2 or 3 abdominal segments extending laterally to spiracles. Legs well developed, each with free articulation between tibia and tarsus, and with an articulatory sclerosis; each claw without a denticle; both claw digitules broad and shorter than thin tarsal digitules. Antennae each with 8 segments, with segments
+III
+and
+IV
+subequal.
+
+
+
+
+Distribution:
+
+Pulvinaria floccifera
+
+is a cosmopolitan species (
+
+García Morales
+et al
+. 2016
+
+); in
+Iran
+, it is found in
+Gilan
+and
+Mazandaran
+provinces (
+Moghaddam 2013
+).
+
+
+
+
+Host-plants:
+The species is polyphagous, having been recorded on host-plants belonging to 39 families (
+
+García Morales
+et al
+. 2016
+
+). In
+Iran
+, it has been found on
+
+Mespilus germanica
+
+(
+Rosaceae
+) and
+
+Ilex spinigera
+
+(
+Aquifoliaceae
+) (
+Moghaddam 2013
+).
+
+
+
+
+Economic importance:
+The species is one of the most important pests of tea (
+
+Camellia sinensis
+
+) gardens in northern
+Iran
+(
+
+Naeim Amini
+et al
+. 2010
+
+).
+
+
+Natural enemies:
+The fungal pathogen
+
+Lecanicillium lecanii
+(Petch Zare & Gams)
+
+(
+Cordycipitaceae
+) has been recorded on
+
+P. floccifera
+
+in
+Iran
+(
+
+Naeim Amini
+et al
+. 2010
+
+).
+
+
+
+
+Comments:
+Please see the comments under
+
+P. camelicola
+
+above.
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FFD3390192DA961E3145DAEC.xml b/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FFD3390192DA961E3145DAEC.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..50d54e0ceda
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FFD3390192DA961E3145DAEC.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,250 @@
+
+
+
+The Scale Insects Of Iran (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) Part 3 The Soft Scales (Coccidae) And Other Families
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Moghaddam, Masumeh
+Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Watson, Gillian W.
+0000-0001-9914-0094
+Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran. & Science: Research, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, U. K. gillian. watson @ nhm. ac. uk; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 9914 - 0094 * Corresponding author. moghadam @ iripp. ir; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0908 - 838 X & Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.
+gillian.watson@nhm.ac.uk
+
+text
+
+
+Zootaxa
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-11-29
+
+
+5542
+
+
+1
+
+
+1
+202
+
+
+
+
+https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1
+
+journal article
+306474
+10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1
+b349e73d-c49e-418c-81f7-c5d32e136362
+1175-5334
+14385386
+2DB3A5B7-4292-4CD9-B6D8-FA97EB48DD16
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Pulvinaria aurantii
+Cockerell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+(
+Fig. 32
+, distribution map
+Fig. 92K
+)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Pulvinaria aurantii
+Cockerell, 1896: 19
+
+
+.
+
+Chloropulvinaria aurantii
+(Cockerell)
+
+;
+
+Borchsenius 1952b: 300
+
+.
+
+Pulvinaria aurantii
+Cockerell
+
+;
+
+Ben-Dov 1993: 251
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+
+Field characteristics:
+Live adult female elongate oval, usually flat, pale green with a longitudinal dark-brown median patch. Ovisac short, white, about 1‒2 times as long as body.
+
+
+
+
+Microscopic diagnosis:
+Slide-mounted adult female body elongate oval, scarcely sclerotized at maturity, with large oval areolations densely distributed over dorsum except for near margins. Stigmatic clefts relatively deep. Anal cleft of moderate depth.
+
+
+Dorsum
+. Dermal areolations well developed. Setae spiniform, scattered throughout. Preopercular pores each oval to circular, present anterior to anal plates. Tubular ducts and microducts (not illustrated) present throughout, each duct situated within an areolation. Duct tubercles numbering 3‒7 on each side. Anal plates together quadrate, each with 4 or 5 apical setae. Anal ring bearing 8 setae.
+
+
+Margin
+. Marginal setae long, with tips fimbriate, frayed or simply pointed, numbering about 20‒28 between anterior and posterior stigmatic clefts on each side; setae at hind end of body longer, simple or slightly branched. Stigmatic setae present in groups of 3 per stigmatic cleft; median seta 2 or 3 times longer than lateral setae.
+
+
+Venter
+. Derm membranous. Pregenital disc-pores mostly each with 6‒8 loculi, present around anogenital fold, and on medial areas of preceding 2 or 3 abdominal segments; a small group also present lateral to each metacoxa and occasionally lateral to each mesocoxa. Spiracular disc-pores each with 5 loculi, present in a band 3 or 4 pores wide, between each spiracle and margin, and extending medially over spiracle, particularly near mesocoxa. Microducts scattered throughout. Tubular ducts of
+3 types
+(i) a duct with a short, filamentous inner ductule and a minute terminal gland, intermixed with
+type
+(ii) and
+type
+(iii) ducts in outer broad submarginal areas of head, thorax and abdomen, forming an almost complete submarginal band, but ducts on apex of head sparse or absent; (ii) a duct with a fairly short outer ductule and filamentous inner ductule with a well-developed terminal gland, present in posterior medial area of head, medial areas of all thoracic segments and anterior abdominal segments, also in inner submarginal area extending from near anterior abdominal segments to area between antennae; and (iii) a duct with quite a broad outer ductule often much longer than inner ductule, and with a large terminal gland, present in posterior medial area of posterior abdominal segments and inner submarginal area of head, thoracic and abdominal segments. Three pregenital segments each with a pair of long setae; also with 3 or 4 pairs of long setae present between antennal bases; 1‒3 pairs of long setae present on area mesad of each procoxa; other setae short and fine. Legs well developed, each with free tibio-tarsal articulation and a tibio-tarsal sclerosis; claw without a denticle; both claw digitules broad and shorter than thin tarsal digitules. Antennae mostly each with 8 segments.
+
+
+
+
+Distribution:
+
+Pulvinaria aurantii
+
+is known from eight countries in the Australian, Oriental and Palaearctic regions (
+
+García Morales
+et al
+. 2016
+
+); in
+Iran
+, it is found in
+Gilan
+,
+Golestan
+,
+Mazandaran
+and Sistan & Balouchestan provinces (
+Moghaddam 2013
+).
+
+
+
+
+Host-plants:
+The species is relatively polyphagous, with host-plants in 17 genera belonging to 15 families (
+
+García Morales
+et al
+. 2016
+
+). In
+Iran
+, it has been recorded on
+
+Psidium guajava
+
+(
+Myrtaceae
+),
+
+Morus alba
+
+(
+Moraceae
+); and
+
+Citrus bigaradia
+
+and
+
+C. sinensis
+
+(
+Rutaceae
+) (
+Moghaddam 2013
+).
+
+
+
+
+Economic importance:
+
+Pulvinaria aurantii
+
+is one of the most important pests of
+
+Citrus
+
+trees in Asia including
+Iran
+,
+Japan
+and Republic of
+Georgia
+(
+Ebeling 1951
+). Damage occurs not only by sap depletion due to the direct feeding of both nymphs and adult females, but also as a result of production of large amounts of sugary honeydew, which supports the growth of sooty moulds on the plant surfaces (
+Maleki & Damavandian 2015
+).
+
+
+Natural enemies:
+In
+Iran
+,
+
+Cryptolaemus montrouzieri
+Mulsant
+
+(
+Coleoptera
+:
+Coccinellidae
+) is an effective predator on
+
+P. aurantii
+
+; the beetles feed on the ovisacs (
+
+Bozorg-Amirkalaee
+et al
+. 2015
+
+).
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FFD6390392DA934E30ADDF26.xml b/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FFD6390392DA934E30ADDF26.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..df66c18f233
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FFD6390392DA934E30ADDF26.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,278 @@
+
+
+
+The Scale Insects Of Iran (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) Part 3 The Soft Scales (Coccidae) And Other Families
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Moghaddam, Masumeh
+Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Watson, Gillian W.
+0000-0001-9914-0094
+Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran. & Science: Research, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, U. K. gillian. watson @ nhm. ac. uk; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 9914 - 0094 * Corresponding author. moghadam @ iripp. ir; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0908 - 838 X & Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.
+gillian.watson@nhm.ac.uk
+
+text
+
+
+Zootaxa
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-11-29
+
+
+5542
+
+
+1
+
+
+1
+202
+
+
+
+
+https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1
+
+journal article
+306474
+10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1
+b349e73d-c49e-418c-81f7-c5d32e136362
+1175-5334
+14385386
+2DB3A5B7-4292-4CD9-B6D8-FA97EB48DD16
+
+
+
+
+
+Genus
+
+PULVINARIA
+Targioni Tozzetti
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Pulvinaria
+Targioni Tozzetti, 1866: 146
+
+
+.
+Type
+species:
+
+Coccus vitis
+Linnaeus
+
+by monotypy and original designation.
+
+
+Chloropulvinaria
+Borchsenius, 1952b: 299
+
+
+.
+
+
+Pulvinariella
+Borchsenius, 1953: 287
+
+
+.
+
+
+Eupulvinaria
+Borchsenius, 1953: 288
+
+
+.
+
+
+Saccharipulvinaria
+Tao, Wong & Chang, 1983: 85
+
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+
+Diagnostic characters of the adult female:
+Live adult female convex, secreting a long, parallel-sided white ovisac at maturity. Slide-mounted, body usually with stigmatic clefts developed; stigmatic setae numbering
+3 in
+each stigmatic cleft, with middle seta longest. Preopercular pores present anterior to anal plates. Ventral tubular ducts of 3 or more
+types
+present in submarginal band, but these ducts sometimes absent or few medially on head; with some ducts present near bases of antennae and procoxae, and always present medially on thorax and abdomen. Pregenital disc-pores usually each with 10 loculi but sometimes fewer, numerous around anogenital fold, and generally present across abdomen, sometimes laterad to coxae, but rare elsewhere. Marginal setae spinose, with apices blunt / pointed / notched / bifid. Dorsal duct tubercles present or absent.
+
+
+
+
+Comments:
+Worldwide, 143 species are included in
+
+Pulvinaria
+(
+
+García Morales
+et al
+. 2016
+
+)
+
+. Six species are known from
+Iran
+(
+Bodenheimer 1944b
+;
+Kaussari 1957
+); in addition,
+
+P. gossypii
+(Bodenheimer)
+
+was described from
+Iran
+but it is not included below because the original description by
+Bodenheimer (1944b)
+is too poor and no illustration was provided.
+
+
+
+
+
+Key to species of
+
+Pulvinaria
+
+in
+Iran
+,
+
+based on slide-mounted adult females.
+
+
+Note:
+No evidence has been found that
+
+P. camelicola
+
+occurs in
+Iran
+, other than the mention in
+Bodenheimer (1944b)
+, but it is included in the key as a precautionary measure.
+
+
+
+
+1(0) Dorsum without submarginal duct tubercles................................................................ 2
+
+
+- Dorsum with submarginal duct tubercles.................................................................. 3
+
+
+
+
+
+2(1) Multilocular disc-pores widespread and numerous in medial and submedial areas of abdomen, thorax and head. Dense submarginal band of tubular ducts complete, present on head. Dorsal setae lanceolate...... ..
+
+aligarhensis
+Avasthi & Shafee
+
+
+
+
+
+- Multilocular disc-pores only numerous on posterior abdominal segments and sometimes by coxae, absent from medial areas of thorax. Dense submarginal band of tubular ducts reaching forward to anterior spiracular furrow, absent from front of head. Dorsal setae spiniform............................................................
+
+urbicola
+Cockerell
+
+(in part)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+3(1) Marginal setae all with tips never split, but they may be clubbed, capitate, rounded or acutely pointed......
+
+vitis
+(Linnaeus)
+
+
+
+
+- Some or all marginal setae with tips notched / bifid / fimbriate.................................................. 4
+
+
+
+
+
+4(3) Dense submarginal band of tubular ducts reaching as far forward as anterior to antennal base, absent from front of head. Dorsal areolations well developed...............................................................
+
+aurantii
+Cockerell
+
+
+
+
+- Dense submarginal band of tubular ducts reaching no further forward than anterior spiracular furrow. Dorsal areolations well developed / small / absent.............................................................................. 5
+
+
+
+
+
+5(4) Dense submarginal band of tubular ducts reaching as far forward as anterior spiracular furrow...
+
+urbicola
+Cockerell
+
+(in part)
+
+
+
+- Dense submarginal band of tubular ducts reaching no further forward than posterior spiracular furrow, occasionally with a few such ducts between anterior and posterior furrows but not dense................................................ 6
+
+
+
+
+
+6(5) Dorsum with dorsal tubular ducts each associated with a well-developed large dermal areolation. Head without ventral tubular ducts each with a filamentous inner ductule and lacking a terminal gland.........................
+
+camelicola
+Signoret
+
+
+
+
+
+- Dorsum usually without tubular ducts; dermal areolations, if present, small. Marginal to submarginal areas of head with a few ventral tubular ducts each with a filamentous inner ductule and lacking a terminal gland............
+
+floccifera
+(Westwood)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FFD8390A92DA934E36ACD8D4.xml b/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FFD8390A92DA934E36ACD8D4.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..7087906c398
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FFD8390A92DA934E36ACD8D4.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+
+
+
+The Scale Insects Of Iran (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) Part 3 The Soft Scales (Coccidae) And Other Families
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Moghaddam, Masumeh
+Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Watson, Gillian W.
+0000-0001-9914-0094
+Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran. & Science: Research, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, U. K. gillian. watson @ nhm. ac. uk; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 9914 - 0094 * Corresponding author. moghadam @ iripp. ir; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0908 - 838 X & Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.
+gillian.watson@nhm.ac.uk
+
+text
+
+
+Zootaxa
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-11-29
+
+
+5542
+
+
+1
+
+
+1
+202
+
+
+
+
+https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1
+
+journal article
+306474
+10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1
+b349e73d-c49e-418c-81f7-c5d32e136362
+1175-5334
+14385386
+2DB3A5B7-4292-4CD9-B6D8-FA97EB48DD16
+
+
+
+
+
+Genus
+
+PALAEOLECANIUM
+Šulc
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Palaeolecanium
+Šulc, 1908: 36
+
+
+.
+Type
+species:
+
+Lecanium bituberculatum
+Signoret, 1873
+
+by original designation.
+
+
+
+
+
+Diagnostic characters of the adult female:
+Live adult female broadly oval, moderately convex, with margins sloping. Slide-mounted body without stigmatic clefts; stigmatic setae numbering 3 or fewer in each stigmatic area. Preopercular pores present in long, narrow mid-dorsal line. Dorsum with tubular ducts of
+2 types
+. Legs each with tibia distinct from tarsus but without articulatory sclerosis; claw digitules dissimilar, with 1 narrower than the other.
+
+
+
+
+Comments:
+Worldwide, two species are included in
+
+Palaeolecanium
+Šulc
+
+(
+
+García Morales
+et al
+. 2016
+
+); only
+
+P. bituberculatum
+(Signoret)
+
+is known from
+Iran
+(
+Bodenheimer 1944b
+).
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FFDA390692DA901A34D4D8BC.xml b/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FFDA390692DA901A34D4D8BC.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..cbdeb3b443f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FFDA390692DA901A34D4D8BC.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,291 @@
+
+
+
+The Scale Insects Of Iran (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) Part 3 The Soft Scales (Coccidae) And Other Families
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Moghaddam, Masumeh
+Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Watson, Gillian W.
+0000-0001-9914-0094
+Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran. & Science: Research, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, U. K. gillian. watson @ nhm. ac. uk; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 9914 - 0094 * Corresponding author. moghadam @ iripp. ir; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0908 - 838 X & Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.
+gillian.watson@nhm.ac.uk
+
+text
+
+
+Zootaxa
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-11-29
+
+
+5542
+
+
+1
+
+
+1
+202
+
+
+
+
+https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1
+
+journal article
+306474
+10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1
+b349e73d-c49e-418c-81f7-c5d32e136362
+1175-5334
+14385386
+2DB3A5B7-4292-4CD9-B6D8-FA97EB48DD16
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Parthenolecanium corni
+(Bouché)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+(
+Fig. 29
+,
+Plate 3B
+, distribution map
+Fig. 91J
+)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Lecanium corni corni
+Bouché, 1844: 298
+
+
+.
+
+Parthenolecanium corni apuliae
+(Nuzzaci)
+
+;
+
+Ben-Dov 1993: 219
+
+.
+
+Parthenolecanium corni
+(Bouché)
+
+;
+
+Moghaddam 2009: 9
+
+.
+
+
+
+Field characteristics:
+Adult female extremely variable in shape and coloration, depending on the host-plant and age of the insect: on leaves, semitransparent yellow-green; on twigs, mottled yellow and brown. Old females heavily sclerotized, strongly convex. Young adult females before egg-laying, and second- or third-instar nymphs occurring on twigs, well camouflaged and very difficult to detect (
+Gill 1988
+).
+
+
+
+
+FIGURE 29.
+Adult female of
+
+Parthenolecanium corni
+(Bouché)
+
+, reproduced from
+Gill (1988)
+page 66, fig. 22, with permission from the author and California Department of Food & Agriculture, Sacramento, California, USA.
+
+
+
+
+Microscopic diagnosis:
+Slide-mounted adult female body oval. Stigmatic clefts not developed. Anal cleft about 1/6
+th
+of body length.
+
+
+Dorsum
+. Derm membranous in young specimens, but becoming sclerotized at maturity; without clear areolations. Setae of 2 sizes: (i) large, stout, blunt and spinelike, present in a more-or-less double line medially anterior to anal plates, extending as far forward as mouthparts; and (ii) much smaller, blunt and spinelike, scattered throughout. Pores of
+2 types
+present throughout: (i) small, circular simple pores, and (ii) bilocular microducts, each with an inner filament. Preopercular pores relatively large and circular with granular centres, present just anterior to anal plates. Duct tubercles present, large and convex, number variable, 0‒18 around submargin. Pocket-like sclerotizations present. Tubular ducts of
+1 type
+present, with outer ductule almost as long as narrow inner ductule, which ends in a small terminal gland; scattered throughout. Anal plates together quadrate, each plate with 3 small apical setae and 1 along inner margin. Anal ring with 8 setae.
+
+
+Margin
+. Marginal setae each bluntly spinose, present in 2 rather uneven rows; each side with 11‒20 setae between stigmatic areas. Stigmatic setae in groups of
+3 in
+each stigmatic area on margin, median seta longest and usually slightly curved.
+
+
+Venter
+. Derm completely membranous. Pregenital disc-pores mostly each with 10 loculi, abundant around anogenital fold, becoming progressively fewer anteriorly across preceding abdominal segments; a few also present mesad to each coxa and laterad to each metacoxa. Spiracular disc-pores each with 5 loculi, present in a narrow band between each spiracle and margin, with 1 or 2 disc-pores present more medially. Microducts abundant in a submarginal band, much fewer medially, particularly on abdomen. Tubular ducts of
+3 types
+, all with inner ductule much narrower than outer ductule: (i) small duct with short outer ductule, very fine inner ductule and no terminal gland, present in small submarginal groups between antennal bases and on either side of anal cleft; (ii) slightly larger duct with a large terminal gland, sparsely present mediolaterally on head, thorax and abdomen; and (iii) fairly large duct with fairly wide outer ductule, moderately wide inner ductule and large terminal gland, present in broad submarginal band extending from just anterior to each antennal base to near anal cleft. Three pregenital segments each with a pair of long setae; also with 2‒5 pairs of setae between antennal bases; other setae small and sparse. Legs well developed, each with separate tibia and tarsus but no articulatory sclerosis; claw long and narrow, with a minute denticle; claw digitules dissimilar, with 1 broader than other; tarsal digitules both fine and about as long as claw digitules. Antennae each with 7 segments.
+
+
+
+
+Distribution:
+
+Parthenolecanium corni
+
+is a cosmopolitan species (
+
+García Morales
+et al
+. 2016
+
+); in
+Iran
+, it is found in Azarbaijan -e Sharghi,
+Gilan
+and
+Tehran
+provinces (
+Moghaddam 2013
+).
+
+
+
+
+Host-plants:
+The species is highly polyphagous, feeding on hosts belonging to over 50 plant families. In
+Iran
+, it has been recorded on
+
+Crataegus azarolus
+
+(
+Rosaceae
+),
+
+Fraxinus excelsior
+
+(
+Oleaceae
+) and
+
+Solanum tuberosum
+
+(
+Solanaceae
+) (
+Moghaddam 2013
+).
+
+
+
+
+Economic importance:
+Not of any economic importance in
+Iran
+.
+
+
+Natural enemies:
+In
+Iran
+, the following parasitoid wasps (
+Hymenoptera
+) attack
+
+P. corni
+
+:
+
+Encyrtus infidus
+(Rossi)
+
+,
+
+Metaphycus
+
+near
+eruptor
+(Howard),
+
+M. parthenolecanii
+Japoshvili
+
+,
+
+M. stanleyi
+Compere
+
+and
+
+Microterys sylvius
+(Dalman)
+
+(
+Encyrtidae
+); and
+
+Pachyneuron muscarum
+
+(L.) (
+Pteromalidae
+) (
+
+Jalilvand
+et al
+. 2013
+
+;
+
+Japoshvili
+et al
+. 2015
+
+). The predator
+
+Oenopia conglobata
+
+(L.) (
+Coleoptera
+:
+Coccinellidae
+) has been recorded attacking the scale in
+Iran
+(
+
+Jalilvand
+et al
+. 2013
+
+).
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FFDA390892DA94A230ADDBBF.xml b/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FFDA390892DA94A230ADDBBF.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..0b99890235e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FFDA390892DA94A230ADDBBF.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,171 @@
+
+
+
+The Scale Insects Of Iran (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) Part 3 The Soft Scales (Coccidae) And Other Families
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Moghaddam, Masumeh
+Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Watson, Gillian W.
+0000-0001-9914-0094
+Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran. & Science: Research, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, U. K. gillian. watson @ nhm. ac. uk; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 9914 - 0094 * Corresponding author. moghadam @ iripp. ir; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0908 - 838 X & Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.
+gillian.watson@nhm.ac.uk
+
+text
+
+
+Zootaxa
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-11-29
+
+
+5542
+
+
+1
+
+
+1
+202
+
+
+
+
+https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1
+
+journal article
+306474
+10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1
+b349e73d-c49e-418c-81f7-c5d32e136362
+1175-5334
+14385386
+2DB3A5B7-4292-4CD9-B6D8-FA97EB48DD16
+
+
+
+
+
+Genus
+
+PARTHENOLECANIUM
+Šulc
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Parthenolecanium
+Šulc, 1908: 36
+
+
+.
+Type
+species:
+
+Lecanium corni
+Bouché
+
+by subsequent designation.
+
+
+Lecanium (Pterolecanium)
+Šulc, 1932: 53
+
+
+.
+Pterolecanium
+
+Morrison & Morrison, 1966: 169
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+
+Diagnostic characters of the adult female:
+Live adult female convex, covered with thin flaky wax or pubescent powdery wax; derm becoming heavily sclerotized with age. No ovisac is produced. Slide-mounted, body usually with stigmatic clefts developed; stigmatic setae numbering
+3 in
+each cleft, with middle seta longest. Preopercular pores present anterior to anal plates. Ventral tubular ducts of 2 or more
+types
+present in submarginal band, numerous medially on head but usually absent from near bases of antennae and procoxae. Pregenital disc-pores mostly each with 10 loculi, numerous anterior to anogenital fold and extending anteriorly to prothorax. Marginal setae strongly spinose. Dorsal duct tubercles present.
+
+
+
+
+Comments:
+Worldwide, 16 species are included in
+
+Parthenolecanium
+(
+
+García Morales
+et al
+. 2016
+
+)
+
+; two species are known from
+Iran
+(
+Bodenheimer 1944b
+).
+
+
+
+
+
+Key to species of
+
+Parthenolecanium
+
+in
+Iran
+,
+
+based on slide-mounted adult females.
+
+
+
+
+
+1(0) Marginal setae stout, straight and spinelike. Ventral tubular ducts in submarginal band of
+3 types
+, all with inner ductule much narrower than outer ductule. Dorsal submarginal duct tubercles numbering no more than 7 on each side.....
+
+corni
+(Bouché)
+
+
+
+
+
+- Marginal setae hair-like or bristle-like, often curved posteriorly. Ventral tubular ducts in submarginal band of
+3 types
+, 1 of which has inner ductule obviously wider than outer ductule. Dorsal submarginal duct tubercles numbering 12−21 or more on each side............................................................................
+
+persicae
+(Fabricius)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FFDC390E92DA929E37DDDA94.xml b/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FFDC390E92DA929E37DDDA94.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..882c38419bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FFDC390E92DA929E37DDDA94.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+
+
+
+The Scale Insects Of Iran (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) Part 3 The Soft Scales (Coccidae) And Other Families
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Moghaddam, Masumeh
+Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Watson, Gillian W.
+0000-0001-9914-0094
+Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran. & Science: Research, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, U. K. gillian. watson @ nhm. ac. uk; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 9914 - 0094 * Corresponding author. moghadam @ iripp. ir; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0908 - 838 X & Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.
+gillian.watson@nhm.ac.uk
+
+text
+
+
+Zootaxa
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-11-29
+
+
+5542
+
+
+1
+
+
+1
+202
+
+
+
+
+https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1
+
+journal article
+306474
+10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1
+b349e73d-c49e-418c-81f7-c5d32e136362
+1175-5334
+14385386
+2DB3A5B7-4292-4CD9-B6D8-FA97EB48DD16
+
+
+
+
+
+Genus
+
+EXAERETOPUS
+Newstead
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Exaeretopus
+Newstead, 1894: 204
+
+
+.
+Type
+species:
+
+Exaeretopus formiceticola
+Newstead
+
+by monotypy.
+
+
+
+
+
+Diagnostic characters of the adult female:
+Live adult female elongate oval; immediately after moulting, yellowish; fully grown adult female yellow with two narrow or broad, longitudinal red stripes on dorsum (
+Koteja 1980
+). Slide-mounted body oval or elongate oval, lacking stigmatic clefts. Anal cleft very short. Marginal setae usually present in more than 1 row; only anterior stigmatic area with a single stigmatic seta, stigmatic spines absent from posterior stigmatic areas. With only 1 pair of long setae present between antennal bases. Ventral tubular ducts vary in shape and size between species; dorsal tubular ducts numerous, present throughout. Legs well developed; each tibia and tarsus freely articulated, with articular sclerosis present; each prothoracic tarsus with a constriction or pseudoarticulation; claw digitules slender, with apical knobs very small; tarsal digitules sharply pointed.Anal plates each triangular, bearing 4 setae.
+
+
+
+
+Comments:
+Worldwide, 10 species are included in
+
+Exaeretopus
+(
+
+García Morales
+et al
+. 2016
+
+)
+
+; one species is known from
+Iran
+(
+Moghaddam & Azad-Bakht 2006
+).
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FFE0393292DA96C837A8D816.xml b/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FFE0393292DA96C837A8D816.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..f8d96d924da
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FFE0393292DA96C837A8D816.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,202 @@
+
+
+
+The Scale Insects Of Iran (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) Part 3 The Soft Scales (Coccidae) And Other Families
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Moghaddam, Masumeh
+Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Watson, Gillian W.
+0000-0001-9914-0094
+Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran. & Science: Research, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, U. K. gillian. watson @ nhm. ac. uk; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 9914 - 0094 * Corresponding author. moghadam @ iripp. ir; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0908 - 838 X & Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.
+gillian.watson@nhm.ac.uk
+
+text
+
+
+Zootaxa
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-11-29
+
+
+5542
+
+
+1
+
+
+1
+202
+
+
+
+
+https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1
+
+journal article
+306474
+10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1
+b349e73d-c49e-418c-81f7-c5d32e136362
+1175-5334
+14385386
+2DB3A5B7-4292-4CD9-B6D8-FA97EB48DD16
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Neoacanthococcus pamiricus
+(Bazarov)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+(
+Fig. 57
+, distribution map
+Fig. 91C
+)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Acanthococcus pamiricus
+Bazarov, 1968: 73
+
+
+.
+
+Eriococcus pamiricus
+(Bazarov)
+
+;
+
+Tang & Hao 1995: 485‒486
+
+.
+
+Proteriococcus pamiricus
+(Bazarov)
+
+;
+
+Kaydan & Kozár 2010: 174
+
+.
+
+Neoacanthococcus pamiricus
+(Bazarov)
+
+;
+
+
+Kozár
+et al.
+2013: 345‒346
+
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+
+Field characteristics:
+Body of live adult female light green, covered with powdery white wax; ovipositing female fully enclosed in white, oval ovisac.
+
+
+
+
+Microscopic diagnosis:
+Body of slide-mounted adult female oval. Antennae each with 7 segments. Frontal lobes well developed; frontal tubercles absent. Anal lobes developed, each lobe with 3 enlarged setae and 2 or 3 microtubular ducts on dorsal surface. Anal ring oval, medium sized, situated on margin of dorsum, with row of pores, partially double, and bearing 8 setae. Cauda present.
+
+
+Dorsum
+with marginal setae not strongly differentiated from dorsal setae, forming a marginal band, each hair-like or slightly enlarged, with apex acute or slightly rounded; other dorsal setae more conical and spine-like. Quinquelocular pores absent. Macrotubular ducts scattered throughout, generally in bands around margin and across segments. Microtubular ducts scattered throughout.
+
+
+Venter
+with flagellate hair-like setae. Labium large; basal segment with 2 unequal pairs of setae. Body submargin with enlarged setae forming 2 or 3 rows. Hind leg with translucent pores on coxa only. Disc-pores each with 3–5 loculi in a single ring, present across all abdominal and thoracic segments and head. Macrotubular ducts of 2 sizes: (i) larger
+type
+present in band along submargin and in medial areas of abdomen, thorax and head; (ii) smaller
+type
+present in submedial areas of abdomen. Microtubular ducts scattered on margin. Cruciform pores absent.
+
+
+
+
+Distribution:
+
+Neoacanthococcus pamiricus
+
+is only known from
+Tajikistan
+and
+Iran
+(
+
+García Morales
+et al
+. 2016
+
+), where it was found in Sistan & Balouchestan province (
+Moghaddam 2013
+).
+
+
+
+
+Host-plants:
+The scale has been recorded only on
+
+Tamarix sp.
+,
+
+family
+
+Tamaricaceae (
+
+García Morales
+et al
+. 2016
+
+)
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+Economic importance:
+Not known as a pest in
+Iran
+.
+
+
+Natural enemies:
+None recorded in
+Iran
+.
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FFE4393692DA92B037D1DA8E.xml b/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FFE4393692DA92B037D1DA8E.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..53a0f5a05d0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FFE4393692DA92B037D1DA8E.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
+
+
+
+The Scale Insects Of Iran (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) Part 3 The Soft Scales (Coccidae) And Other Families
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Moghaddam, Masumeh
+Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Watson, Gillian W.
+0000-0001-9914-0094
+Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran. & Science: Research, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, U. K. gillian. watson @ nhm. ac. uk; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 9914 - 0094 * Corresponding author. moghadam @ iripp. ir; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0908 - 838 X & Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.
+gillian.watson@nhm.ac.uk
+
+text
+
+
+Zootaxa
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-11-29
+
+
+5542
+
+
+1
+
+
+1
+202
+
+
+
+
+https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1
+
+journal article
+306474
+10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1
+b349e73d-c49e-418c-81f7-c5d32e136362
+1175-5334
+14385386
+2DB3A5B7-4292-4CD9-B6D8-FA97EB48DD16
+
+
+
+
+
+Genus
+
+GOSSYPARIA
+Signoret
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Gossyparia
+Signoret, 1875: 20
+
+
+.
+Type
+species:
+
+Coccus ulmi
+Linneaus
+
+by original designation.
+
+
+
+
+
+Diagnostic characters of the adult female:
+Body of live adult female with a felted ovisac, incomplete at midline, leaving mid-dorsum bare. Slide-mounted, body oval, narrowing posteriorly, with large anal lobes. Antennae each with 6 or 7 segments. Frontal lobes present. Legs well developed, each claw with a denticle. Macrotubular ducts on dorsum and venter forming a band along body margin. Microtubular ducts long, narrow, present on dorsum. Quinquelocular disc pores only present on venter. Cruciform pores present on ventral submargin. Dorsum with enlarged setae in a row on margin, each segment with 3–5 setae on either side; venter with hair-like setae. Anal lobes sclerotized, each lobe with small teeth on inner margin, a long apical seta, and usually with 3 enlarged setae on dorsal surface. Anal ring with pores and bearing 8 setae. Cauda well developed, with teeth on margin.
+
+
+
+
+Comments:
+Worldwide, two species are included in
+
+Gossyparia
+
+at present (
+
+García Morales
+et al
+. 2016
+
+); only
+
+G. spuria
+(Modeer)
+
+is known from
+Iran
+(
+Hoy 1963
+).
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FFE6393292DA920030ACDC09.xml b/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FFE6393292DA920030ACDC09.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..93f0a837355
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FFE6393292DA920030ACDC09.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,178 @@
+
+
+
+The Scale Insects Of Iran (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) Part 3 The Soft Scales (Coccidae) And Other Families
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Moghaddam, Masumeh
+Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Watson, Gillian W.
+0000-0001-9914-0094
+Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran. & Science: Research, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, U. K. gillian. watson @ nhm. ac. uk; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 9914 - 0094 * Corresponding author. moghadam @ iripp. ir; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0908 - 838 X & Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.
+gillian.watson@nhm.ac.uk
+
+text
+
+
+Zootaxa
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-11-29
+
+
+5542
+
+
+1
+
+
+1
+202
+
+
+
+
+https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1
+
+journal article
+306474
+10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1
+b349e73d-c49e-418c-81f7-c5d32e136362
+1175-5334
+14385386
+2DB3A5B7-4292-4CD9-B6D8-FA97EB48DD16
+
+
+
+
+
+Genus
+
+NEOACANTHOCOCCUS
+Borchsenius
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Neoacanthococcus
+Borchsenius, 1948: 502
+
+
+.
+Type
+species:
+
+Neoacanthococcus tamaricicola
+Borchsenius
+
+by monotypy and original designation.
+
+
+
+
+
+Diagnostic characters of the adult female:
+Slide-mounted, body broadly oval.Antennae each with 6 or 7 segments. Frontal lobes and/or frontal tubercles present. Labium 3 segmented, basal segment well developed, with 2 pairs of setae. Legs well developed; each hind coxa with translucent pores; tibia with 4 setae (median seta absent), claw and tarsal digitules pointed apically; claw with a denticle. Dorsal tubular ducts all of 1 size and heavily sclerotized, present throughout; ventral tubular ducts of 2 sizes. Microtubular ducts present on dorsum. Disc-pores each with 3‒5 loculi in a single ring, present on venter. Cruciform pores present on venter. Enlarged setae nearly hair-like and curved slightly, with apices either blunt or sharply pointed, mainly distributed in rows across segments and forming a marginal band. Anal lobes well developed, each lobe with 3 dorsal spine-like setae; ventral surface with a long apical seta and 2 shorter subapical setae. Anal ring well developed, with 1 row of pores and bearing 8 setae, each seta usually shorter than diameter of ring. Cauda present.
+
+
+
+
+Comments:
+Worldwide, six species are included in
+
+Neoacanthococcus
+
+at present (
+
+García Morales
+et al
+. 2016
+
+); only
+
+N. tamaricicola
+Borchsenius
+
+and
+
+N. pamiricus
+(Bazarov)
+
+are known from
+Iran
+(
+Moghaddam 2009
+and
+2013
+).
+
+
+
+
+FIGURE 56.
+Adult female of
+
+Gossyparia spuria
+(Modeer)
+
+, reproduced from
+Williams (1985)
+, page 381, fig. 15, with kind permission from the author and
+©
+the Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London.
+
+
+
+
+
+Key to species of
+
+Neoacanthococcus
+Borchsenius
+
+in
+Iran
+,
+
+based on slide-mounted adult females.
+
+
+
+
+
+1(0) Dorsum with quinquelocular pores on posterior abdominal segments. Frontal lobes and frontal tubercles both present. Hind leg with translucent pores on both coxa and femur..........................................
+
+tamaricicola
+Borchsenius
+
+
+
+
+
+- Dorsum without quinquelocular pores. Frontal lobes present but frontal tubercles absent. Hind leg with translucent pores on coxa only...........................................................................
+
+pamiricus
+(Bazarov)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FFEB393692DA939037A8DC26.xml b/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FFEB393692DA939037A8DC26.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..ba3e6ca6014
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FFEB393692DA939037A8DC26.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,261 @@
+
+
+
+The Scale Insects Of Iran (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) Part 3 The Soft Scales (Coccidae) And Other Families
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Moghaddam, Masumeh
+Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Watson, Gillian W.
+0000-0001-9914-0094
+Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran. & Science: Research, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, U. K. gillian. watson @ nhm. ac. uk; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 9914 - 0094 * Corresponding author. moghadam @ iripp. ir; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0908 - 838 X & Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.
+gillian.watson@nhm.ac.uk
+
+text
+
+
+Zootaxa
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-11-29
+
+
+5542
+
+
+1
+
+
+1
+202
+
+
+
+
+https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1
+
+journal article
+306474
+10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1
+b349e73d-c49e-418c-81f7-c5d32e136362
+1175-5334
+14385386
+2DB3A5B7-4292-4CD9-B6D8-FA97EB48DD16
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Anophococcus kondarensis
+(Borchsenius)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+(
+Fig. 54
+, distribution map
+Fig. 88J
+)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Rhizococcus kondarensis
+Borchsenius, 1949a: 353–354
+
+
+.
+
+Eriococcus kondarensis
+(Borchsenius)
+
+;
+
+Hoy 1963: 98
+
+.
+
+Acanthococcus kondarensis
+(Borchsenius)
+
+;
+
+Ter-Grigorian 1983: 880
+
+.
+
+Anophococcus kondarensis
+(Borchsenius)
+
+;
+
+
+Kozár
+et al
+. 2013: 221
+
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+
+Field characteristics:
+Body of live adult female elongate oval, completely enclosed in grey, white or yellowish ovisac.
+
+
+
+
+Microscopic diagnosis:
+Slide-mounted body of adult female elongate oval. Antennae each with 7 (rarely 6) segments. Frontal lobe absent, frontal tubercle present. Legs well developed, hind coxa and femur each with a group of translucent pores and spinulae; tarsal and claw digitules all slightly knobbed, longer than claw; claw with a denticle. Anal lobes each with 3 dorsal setae, lateral seta truncate. Anal ring dorsal, with a partial double row of pores and bearing 8 setae. Cauda quite well developed.
+
+
+Dorsum
+. Margin with sharply pointed enlarged setae, each segment with 3 on each margin; medium-sized setae and small setae forming rows across segments. Macrotubular ducts numerous throughout. Microtubular ducts short, scattered throughout.
+
+
+Venter
+with mainly short hair-like setae; small, enlarged setae present along body margin. Apical labial segment with 6 pairs of long setae, the medial setae much shorter than others (not illustrated). Disc-pores each with 2 concentric rings of loculi, with 5 or 7 loculi in inner ring, numerous throughout. Macrotubular ducts of 2 sizes: (i) larger ducts present in marginal band; and (ii) smaller, narrower ducts scattered throughout. Microtubular ducts present on margin. Cruciform pores few, present on margin.
+
+
+
+
+Distribution:
+
+Anophococcus kondarensis
+
+is a Palaearctic species that has been recorded from
+China
+(
+Xinjiang Uygur
+),
+Russia
+,
+Tajikistan
+,
+Türkiye
+(
+Turkey
+),
+Uzbekistan
+and
+Iran
+(
+
+García Morales
+et al
+. 2016
+
+), where it has been collected in Elborz,
+Golestan
+,
+Khorasan
+-e Razavi,
+Khorasan
+-e Shomali,
+Markazi
+,
+Semnan
+and
+Zanjan
+provinces (
+Moghaddam 2013
+).
+
+
+
+
+FIGURE 53.
+Adult female of
+
+Anophococcus insignis
+(Newstead)
+
+, reproduced from
+Williams (1985)
+page 373, fig. 11, with kind permission from the author and the editor of
+Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Entomology
+.
+
+
+
+
+FIGURE 54.
+Adult female of
+
+Anophococcus kondarensis
+(Borchsenius)
+
+, reproduced from
+
+Kozár
+et al.
+(2013)
+
+page 223, fig. 82, published by the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.
+
+
+
+
+Host-plants:
+The scale has been recorded on hosts in four genera of grasses (
+Poaceae
+):
+
+Agropyron
+,
+Bromus
+,
+Elymus
+
+and
+
+Hordeum
+
+(
+
+García Morales
+et al
+. 2016
+
+,
+Moghaddam 2013
+).
+
+
+
+
+Economic importance:
+Not known as a pest in
+Iran
+.
+
+
+Natural enemies:
+None recorded in
+Iran
+.
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FFEB393992DA97C337A8D930.xml b/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FFEB393992DA97C337A8D930.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..96ce4e74e50
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FFEB393992DA97C337A8D930.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,196 @@
+
+
+
+The Scale Insects Of Iran (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) Part 3 The Soft Scales (Coccidae) And Other Families
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Moghaddam, Masumeh
+Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Watson, Gillian W.
+0000-0001-9914-0094
+Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran. & Science: Research, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, U. K. gillian. watson @ nhm. ac. uk; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 9914 - 0094 * Corresponding author. moghadam @ iripp. ir; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0908 - 838 X & Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.
+gillian.watson@nhm.ac.uk
+
+text
+
+
+Zootaxa
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-11-29
+
+
+5542
+
+
+1
+
+
+1
+202
+
+
+
+
+https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1
+
+journal article
+306474
+10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1
+b349e73d-c49e-418c-81f7-c5d32e136362
+1175-5334
+14385386
+2DB3A5B7-4292-4CD9-B6D8-FA97EB48DD16
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Anophococcus insignis
+(Newstead)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+(
+Fig. 53
+, distribution map
+Fig. 88I
+)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Eriococcus insignis
+Newstead, 1891: 164–165
+
+
+.
+
+
+Eriococcus saratogensis
+Rau, 1938: 157–159
+
+
+.
+
+Anophococcus insignis
+(Newstead)
+
+;
+
+
+Nast
+et al.
+1990: 120
+
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+
+Field characteristics:
+Body of live adult female elongate oval, with sides often subparallel; found on leaves of host; ovisac oval or elongate, tough, white or cream-coloured.
+
+
+
+
+Microscopic diagnosis:
+Slide-mounted body of adult female elongate oval. Antennae each with 7 segments. Frontal lobe well developed. Legs well developed, each hind coxa with a few large translucent pores, sometimes a few present on femur also; claw with a denticle. Anal lobes conical, pointed, each lobe with apical seta on dorsum, plus 1 outer and 2 inner enlarged setae. Anal ring dorsal, bearing 8 setae. Cauda present (not illustrated).
+
+
+Dorsum
+. Margin with enlarged conical setae conspicuously larger than other dorsal setae, each with blunt apex, numbering up to 5 on each side of each abdominal segment. Abdominal segment VII with 4 marginal setae on each side. Macrotubular ducts scattered throughout. Microtubular ducts scattered.
+
+
+Venter
+with normal slender setae in median areas, a few enlarged setae on head margin, and stiff setae in a marginal zone from head to anterior abdominal segments. Basal labial segment with 2 pairs of short setae. Disc-pores each with 7 or more loculi in a single ring, numerous, present across posterior abdominal segments and scattered in medial area of thorax. Macrotubular ducts of 2 sizes: (i) larger ducts same as dorsal ducts, present on margins only; and (ii) narrower ducts present in median areas as far forward as head margins. Microtubular ducts present on margin. Cruciform pores present mainly in a submedian zone from head to about abdominal segment V.
+
+
+
+
+Distribution:
+
+Anophococcus insignis
+
+is a Palaearctic species but has been accidentally introduced to the Nearctic and is now known from 22 countries (
+
+García Morales
+et al
+. 2016
+
+); in
+Iran
+, it has been collected from
+Kermanshah province
+(
+
+Shirazi
+et al
+. 2013
+
+).
+
+
+
+
+Host-plants:
+The scale is polyphagous, having been recorded on host-plants belonging to 45 genera in 16 families (
+
+García Morales
+et al
+. 2016
+
+). In
+Iran
+, it was found on
+
+Cynodon dactylon
+
+(
+Poaceae
+) (
+
+Shirazi
+et al
+. 2013
+
+).
+
+
+
+
+Economic importance:
+Not known as a pest in
+Iran
+.
+
+
+Natural enemies:
+None recorded in
+Iran
+.
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FFEE393C92DA94DE37A8DA24.xml b/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FFEE393C92DA94DE37A8DA24.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..967922d896f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FFEE393C92DA94DE37A8DA24.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,182 @@
+
+
+
+The Scale Insects Of Iran (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) Part 3 The Soft Scales (Coccidae) And Other Families
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Moghaddam, Masumeh
+Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Watson, Gillian W.
+0000-0001-9914-0094
+Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran. & Science: Research, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, U. K. gillian. watson @ nhm. ac. uk; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 9914 - 0094 * Corresponding author. moghadam @ iripp. ir; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0908 - 838 X & Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.
+gillian.watson@nhm.ac.uk
+
+text
+
+
+Zootaxa
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-11-29
+
+
+5542
+
+
+1
+
+
+1
+202
+
+
+
+
+https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1
+
+journal article
+306474
+10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1
+b349e73d-c49e-418c-81f7-c5d32e136362
+1175-5334
+14385386
+2DB3A5B7-4292-4CD9-B6D8-FA97EB48DD16
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Anophococcus cingulatus
+(Kiritchenko)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+(
+Fig. 52
+, distribution map
+Fig. 88H
+)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Eriococcus cingulatus
+Kiritchenko, 1940: 131‒133
+
+
+.
+
+Rhizococcus cingulatus
+(Kiritchenko)
+
+;
+
+Kosztarab & Kozár 1988: 300
+
+.
+
+Anophococcus cingulatus
+(Kiritchenko)
+
+;
+
+
+Kozár
+et al
+. 2013: 192‒196
+
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+
+Field characteristics:
+Body of live adult female elongate oval. Ovisac short, oval, white and closely felted, completely enclosing body.
+
+
+
+
+Microscopic diagnosis:
+Slide-mounted body of adult female elongate oval, tapering posteriorly. Antennae each with 7 segments. Frontal lobes and frontal tubercles present. Legs well developed; meso- and metathoracic coxae with spinulae on anterior surface; each hind coxa and femur with small translucent pores on both anterior and posterior surfaces; hind tibia with 5 setae (median seta present); tarsal and claw digitules slightly knobbed; claw with a denticle. Anal lobes well developed, each lobe with 3 blunt conical enlarged setae. Anal ring oval, with 1 row of pores and bearing 8 setae.
+
+
+Dorsum
+with marginal enlarged setae slightly truncate, forming a marginal row with 2 or 3 setae on either side of each segment; submarginal setae conical; dorsal setae conical, small, arranged in transverse rows across each body segment. Macrotubular ducts scattered throughout. Microtubular ducts scattered. Cauda present (not illustrated).
+
+
+Venter
+with hair-like setae in median area, and small conical setae on margin and submargin. Disc-pores each with 2 concentric rings of loculi, with 3, 5 or 8 loculi in inner ring, distributed in sparse bands on all abdominal and thoracic segments and head. Macrotubular ducts of 2 sizes: (i) larger ducts situated on submargin; and (ii) smaller ducts present in median area. Microtubular ducts sparse submarginally and sometimes present on median area of thorax. Cruciform pores few in submarginal areas, sparse on head and thoracic margins.
+
+
+
+
+Distribution:
+
+Anophococcus cingulatus
+
+is a Palaearctic species that has been recorded from 13 countries (
+
+García Morales
+et al
+. 2016
+
+); in
+Iran
+, it was found in Azarbaijan -e Sharghi province (
+Moghaddam 2013
+).
+
+
+
+
+Host-plants:
+The scale is fairly polyphagous, having been recorded on host-plants belonging to 19 genera in 11 families (
+
+García Morales
+et al
+. 2016
+
+); in
+Iran
+it was found on an unidentified plant (
+Moghaddam 2013
+).
+
+
+
+
+Economic importance:
+Not known as a pest in
+Iran
+.
+
+
+Natural enemies:
+None recorded in
+Iran
+.
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FFEF393C92DA91CF31E8DE7A.xml b/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FFEF393C92DA91CF31E8DE7A.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a9ad9c7f16b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FFEF393C92DA91CF31E8DE7A.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,250 @@
+
+
+
+The Scale Insects Of Iran (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) Part 3 The Soft Scales (Coccidae) And Other Families
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Moghaddam, Masumeh
+Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Watson, Gillian W.
+0000-0001-9914-0094
+Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran. & Science: Research, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, U. K. gillian. watson @ nhm. ac. uk; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 9914 - 0094 * Corresponding author. moghadam @ iripp. ir; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0908 - 838 X & Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.
+gillian.watson@nhm.ac.uk
+
+text
+
+
+Zootaxa
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-11-29
+
+
+5542
+
+
+1
+
+
+1
+202
+
+
+
+
+https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1
+
+journal article
+306474
+10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1
+b349e73d-c49e-418c-81f7-c5d32e136362
+1175-5334
+14385386
+2DB3A5B7-4292-4CD9-B6D8-FA97EB48DD16
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Anophococcus abaii
+(Danzig)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+(
+Fig. 51
+,
+Plate 4A
+, distribution map
+Fig. 88G
+)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Acanthococcus abaii
+Danzig, 1990: 373–376
+
+
+.
+
+Rhizococcus abaii
+(Danzig)
+
+;
+
+Tang & Hao 1995: 521
+
+.
+
+Eriococcus abaii
+(Danzig)
+
+;
+
+Miller & Gimpel 1999: 213
+
+.
+
+Anophococcus abaii
+(Danzig)
+
+;
+
+Kozár 2009: 105
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+
+Field characteristics:
+Body of live adult female up to
+6 mm
+long, elongate ovoid. Ovisac ovoid, felted, cream or grey, completely enclosing body.
+
+
+
+
+Microscopic diagnosis:
+Slide-mounted body of adult female oval. Antennae each with 7 segments. Frontal lobes and frontal tubercles present. Eyes situated on submargins. Legs medium sized; each hind coxa anterior surface with spinulae and large translucent pores; femur also with some pores; tibia with 4 strong setae (median seta absent); tarsal and claw digitules slightly knobbed; claw with denticle near tip. Anal lobes sclerotized, each lobe with 4 enlarged setae, 3 of which situated on mesad margin. Anal ring with 1 row of pores and bearing 4 pairs of short setae. Cauda weakly developed (not illustrated).
+
+
+Dorsum
+. Most abdominal segments each with 7‒10 enlarged marginal setae on either side; marginal setae much longer than dorsal setae. Macrotubular ducts of 1 size, numerous throughout. Microtubular ducts present only on body margin.
+
+
+Venter.
+Most setae hair-like, but with small enlarged setae present along body margin. Disc-pores each with 2 concentric rings of loculi, inner ring with 5 or 7 loculi, numerous throughout. Macrotubular ducts of 2 sizes: larger
+type
+, same as those on dorsum, forming a band around margin; smaller
+type
+present in medial areas. Cruciform pores absent.
+
+
+
+
+Distribution:
+
+Anophococcus abaii
+
+is a Palaearctic species known only from
+Iran
+, in
+Kerman
+,
+Khorasan
+-e Jounobi,
+Semnan
+and Sistan & Balouchestan provinces (
+Danzig 1990
+;
+
+García Morales
+et al
+. 2016
+
+).
+
+
+
+
+Host-plants:
+The scale is only known from
+
+Haloxylon
+sp.
+
+(
+Amaranthaceae
+) (
+Danzig 1990
+;
+
+García Morales
+et al
+. 2016
+
+).
+
+
+
+
+Economic importance:
+There are some records of
+
+A. abaii
+
+causing severe damage to
+
+Haloxylon
+spp.
+
+in
+Iran
+.
+
+
+Natural enemies:
+The following hymenopteran parasitoids of
+
+A. abaii
+
+have been recorded from
+Iran
+:
+
+Marietta picta (André)
+(
+
+Aphelinidae
+),
+
+Metaphycus acanthococci
+Myartseva
+
+(
+Encyrtidae
+),
+
+Pachyneuron muscarum (Linnaeus)
+(
+
+Pteromalidae
+) and
+
+Chartocerus subaeneus (Foerster)
+(
+
+Signiphoridae
+) (
+
+Lotfalizadeh
+et al
+. 2019
+
+).
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FFEF393D92DA96AA30ACDB0B.xml b/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FFEF393D92DA96AA30ACDB0B.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..dc34dffd2d2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FFEF393D92DA96AA30ACDB0B.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,190 @@
+
+
+
+The Scale Insects Of Iran (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) Part 3 The Soft Scales (Coccidae) And Other Families
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Moghaddam, Masumeh
+Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Watson, Gillian W.
+0000-0001-9914-0094
+Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran. & Science: Research, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, U. K. gillian. watson @ nhm. ac. uk; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 9914 - 0094 * Corresponding author. moghadam @ iripp. ir; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0908 - 838 X & Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.
+gillian.watson@nhm.ac.uk
+
+text
+
+
+Zootaxa
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-11-29
+
+
+5542
+
+
+1
+
+
+1
+202
+
+
+
+
+https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1
+
+journal article
+306474
+10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1
+b349e73d-c49e-418c-81f7-c5d32e136362
+1175-5334
+14385386
+2DB3A5B7-4292-4CD9-B6D8-FA97EB48DD16
+
+
+
+
+
+Genus
+
+ANOPHOCOCCUS
+Balachowsky
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Anophococcus
+Balachowsky, 1954: 61
+
+
+.
+Type
+species:
+
+Eriococcus inermis
+Green.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Diagnostic characters of the adult female:
+Body of live adult female completely enclosed in a felted, cream or grey ovoid ovisac. Slide-mounted, body oval, tapering posteriorly. Antennae each usually with 7 segments (sometimes 6). Frontal lobes usually present. Frontal tubercles present. Labium 3 segmented, basal segment with 2 unequal pairs of hair-like setae. Legs well developed; hind coxae with or without translucent pores; inner side of hind tibia with 5 setae (median seta present); tarsal and claw digitules mostly longer than claw, all knobbed at apex; claw usually with a denticle. Macrotubular ducts of 2 or 3 sizes present, forming transverse rows across body surfaces. Microtubular ducts short, scattered or sometimes forming transverse rows or bands across dorsum. Disc-pores present on venter, each with 5–7 loculi and in some species, sometimes containing 2 concentric rings of loculi. Dorsal cruciform pores absent. Enlarged conical setae normally present only on margin, sometimes only on anal lobes and on margin of head; dorsal setae minute, needle-like. Anal lobes conical, slightly sclerotized, each lobe with a long apical seta and usually 3 short conical setae. Anal ring well developed, sclerotized, with 1 or a partly double row of pores and with 8 (rarely 6) setae. Cauda usually absent or only weakly developed.
+
+
+
+
+Comments:
+Worldwide, 26 species are included in
+
+Anophococcus
+
+at present; five species are known from
+Iran
+(
+
+García Morales
+et al
+. 2016
+
+).
+
+
+
+
+
+Key to species of
+
+Anophococcus
+
+in
+Iran
+,
+
+based on slide-mounted adult females.
+
+
+
+
+
+1(0) Each abdominal segment with more than 5 enlarged setae on each margin.............................
+
+abaii
+(Danzig)
+
+
+
+
+- Each abdominal segment with fewer than 5 enlarged setae on each margin........................................ 2
+
+
+
+
+
+2(1) Abdominal segment VII with only 2 enlarged setae on each margin. Frontal lobe present anterior to each antennal base.....................................................................................
+
+cingulatus
+(Kiritchenko)
+
+
+
+
+- Abdominal segment VII with more than 2 enlarged setae on each margin. Frontal lobes absent........................ 3
+
+
+
+
+
+3(2) Enlarged setae sharply pointed.....................................................
+
+kondarensis
+(Borchsenius)
+
+
+
+
+- Enlarged setae blunt................................................................................... 4
+
+
+
+
+
+4(3) Enlarged setae with pointed apices. Abdominal segment VII with 4 marginal enlarged setae on each side. Disc-pores each with 2 concentric rings of outer loculi..........................................................
+
+insignis
+(Newstead)
+
+
+
+
+
+-
+Enlarged setae blunt, some of those on posterior abdomen with truncate apices. Abdominal segment VII with only 3 marginal enlarged setae on each side. Disc-pores each with only 1 ring of outer loculi ....................
+
+sanguinairensis
+(Goux)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FFF2392092DA97C337A8D9DF.xml b/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FFF2392092DA97C337A8D9DF.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..8851d54ca4b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FFF2392092DA97C337A8D9DF.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,189 @@
+
+
+
+The Scale Insects Of Iran (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) Part 3 The Soft Scales (Coccidae) And Other Families
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Moghaddam, Masumeh
+Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Watson, Gillian W.
+0000-0001-9914-0094
+Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran. & Science: Research, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, U. K. gillian. watson @ nhm. ac. uk; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 9914 - 0094 * Corresponding author. moghadam @ iripp. ir; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0908 - 838 X & Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.
+gillian.watson@nhm.ac.uk
+
+text
+
+
+Zootaxa
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-11-29
+
+
+5542
+
+
+1
+
+
+1
+202
+
+
+
+
+https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1
+
+journal article
+306474
+10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1
+b349e73d-c49e-418c-81f7-c5d32e136362
+1175-5334
+14385386
+2DB3A5B7-4292-4CD9-B6D8-FA97EB48DD16
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Acanthococcus costatus
+Danzig
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+(
+Fig. 49
+, distribution map
+Fig. 88B
+)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Acanthococcus costatus
+Danzig, 1975: 43
+
+
+.
+
+
+Eriococcus ulmi
+Tang, 1977: 45
+
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+
+Field characteristics:
+Body of live adult female oval, brown. Ovisac white with obvious transverse ribs and a depressed longitudinal zone along median body line (
+Danzig 1975
+).
+
+
+
+
+Microscopic diagnosis:
+Slide-mounted body of adult female oval. Antennae each with 6 segments, with segment III obviously the longest. Frontal lobes present. Eyes situated on margins. Legs small; hind coxa and femur with spinulae on anterior surfaces; hind coxa without translucent pores; tarsus longer than tibia; each tibia with 4 elongate setae (median seta absent); tarsal and claw digitules all slightly knobbed, longer than claw; each claw with a denticle. Anal lobes heavily sclerotized, each lobe with numerous teeth on mesad margin, dorsum with 3 enlarged setae, venter with 3 slender hair-like setae and a suranal seta. Anal ring dorsal, complete, with 1 row of pores and bearing 8 setae. Cauda present.
+
+
+Dorsum
+with enlarged setae normally of 3 sizes: each segment with 2 or 3 large setae along each margin, each seta less than 2x as long as a dorsal enlarged seta; additional large setae often forming 2 longitudinal bands in medial area (not illustrated); medial area of abdominal segment VIII without enlarged setae. Macrotubular ducts present throughout. Microtubular ducts numerous.
+
+
+Venter
+with elongate hair-like setae; enlarged setae similar to smallest size on dorsum, present along body margin. Apical labial segment with 4 pairs of long setae and 1 pair of shorter apical setae. Quinquelocular pores numerous over entire venter. Macrotubular ducts of 2 sizes; (i) larger setae numerous along body margin; and (ii) smaller setae fewer, present in medial or sublateral areas. Microtubular ducts absent. Cruciform pores present along lateral margins.
+
+
+
+
+Distribution:
+
+Acanthococcus costatus
+
+is a Palaearctic species; it has been recorded from
+China
+,
+Russia
+and other nearby countries including
+Iran
+,
+Kermanshah province
+(
+
+García Morales
+et al
+. 2016
+
+,
+
+Torabi
+et al
+. 2010
+
+).
+
+
+
+
+Host-plants:
+The scale is oligophagous, having been recorded on two species in the genus
+
+Ulmus
+
+(
+Ulmaceae
+) (
+
+García Morales
+et al
+. 2016
+
+), including in
+Iran
+(
+
+Torabi
+et al
+. 2010
+
+).
+
+
+
+
+Economic importance:
+Not known as a pest in
+Iran
+.
+
+
+Natural enemies:
+None recorded in
+Iran
+.
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FFF4392692DA95A437A8DBB3.xml b/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FFF4392692DA95A437A8DBB3.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..8bd34077877
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FFF4392692DA95A437A8DBB3.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,205 @@
+
+
+
+The Scale Insects Of Iran (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) Part 3 The Soft Scales (Coccidae) And Other Families
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Moghaddam, Masumeh
+Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Watson, Gillian W.
+0000-0001-9914-0094
+Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran. & Science: Research, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, U. K. gillian. watson @ nhm. ac. uk; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 9914 - 0094 * Corresponding author. moghadam @ iripp. ir; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0908 - 838 X & Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.
+gillian.watson@nhm.ac.uk
+
+text
+
+
+Zootaxa
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-11-29
+
+
+5542
+
+
+1
+
+
+1
+202
+
+
+
+
+https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1
+
+journal article
+306474
+10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1
+b349e73d-c49e-418c-81f7-c5d32e136362
+1175-5334
+14385386
+2DB3A5B7-4292-4CD9-B6D8-FA97EB48DD16
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Pseudochermes fraxini
+(Kaltenbach)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+(
+Fig. 46
+, distribution map
+Fig. 92I
+)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Chermes fraxini
+Kaltenbach, 1860: 259
+
+
+.
+
+Eriococcus fraxini
+(Kaltenbach)
+
+;
+
+Newstead 1891: 165–166
+
+.
+
+Ripersia fraxini
+(Kaltenbach)
+
+;
+
+Newstead 1892: 147
+
+.
+
+Pseudochermes fraxini
+(Kaltenbach)
+
+;
+
+Nitsche 1895: 1247–1249
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+
+Field characters:
+Live adult female bright red or orange-red, body of mature female ovoid to more-or-less globular, about
+0.75 mm
+long. Ovisac oval and felt-like, about 1.0 mm long, cream coloured, covering entire body. Two or more mature females may occur together within a communal ovisac (
+Newstead, 1903
+;
+Kosztarab & Kozár 1988
+).
+
+
+
+
+Microscopic diagnosis:
+Slide-mounted adult female body oval, about
+0.75 mm
+long; anal lobes not developed but position of each lobe indicated by an apical seta. Antennae each with 6 segments. Legs small but well developed; each claw curved, with a denticle near apex. Hind coxa noticeably larger than anterior coxa, with a few large translucent pores. Stylet loop reaching to near apex of abdomen. Anal ring open anteriorly, forming a U-shaped sclerotized plate, with a few pores in a single row and 6 short setae. Suranal setae present just anterior to anal ring, each shorter than an anal ring seta.
+
+
+Dorsum
+. Setae short, stiff, evenly scattered, forming transverse rows across abdominal tergites; Quinquelocular disc-pores forming transverse rows. Large macrotubular ducts fairly numerous, evenly distributed. Microtubular ducts present, short.
+
+
+Venter.
+Setae short and flagellate, few. Small frontal tubercles (
+Fig. 46F
+) present just anterior to antennal bases. Quinquelocular pores scattered, forming transverse rows across abdomen. Macrotubular ducts of 2 sizes, larger ducts same as those on dorsum, present around margins only except on thorax near spiracles; small ducts each with sclerotised cup and filiform tube, sparse, present on abdominal segments only. Microtubular ducts same as on dorsum, few, present on margins.
+
+
+
+
+Distribution:
+
+Pseudochermes fraxini
+
+is confined to the Palaearctic region, and is known from 32 countries (
+
+García Morales
+et al
+. 2016
+
+); in
+Iran
+, it has been recorded from
+Tehran province
+(
+Hoy 1963
+).
+
+
+
+
+Host-plants:
+The scale has been recorded on host-plants in five genera belonging to the families
+Oleaceae
+,
+Rosaceae
+and
+Salicaceae
+; in
+Iran
+, it has been found on
+
+Fraxinus excelsior
+
+(
+Oleaceae
+) (
+Moghaddam 2009
+).
+
+
+
+
+Economic importance:
+It is of no economic importance in
+Iran
+.
+
+
+Natural enemies:
+None recorded in
+Iran
+.
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FFF6392292DA907030ADDF8B.xml b/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FFF6392292DA907030ADDF8B.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..dc27e90ea65
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FFF6392292DA907030ADDF8B.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,216 @@
+
+
+
+The Scale Insects Of Iran (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) Part 3 The Soft Scales (Coccidae) And Other Families
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Moghaddam, Masumeh
+Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Watson, Gillian W.
+0000-0001-9914-0094
+Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran. & Science: Research, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, U. K. gillian. watson @ nhm. ac. uk; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 9914 - 0094 * Corresponding author. moghadam @ iripp. ir; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0908 - 838 X & Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.
+gillian.watson@nhm.ac.uk
+
+text
+
+
+Zootaxa
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-11-29
+
+
+5542
+
+
+1
+
+
+1
+202
+
+
+
+
+https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1
+
+journal article
+306474
+10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1
+b349e73d-c49e-418c-81f7-c5d32e136362
+1175-5334
+14385386
+2DB3A5B7-4292-4CD9-B6D8-FA97EB48DD16
+
+
+
+
+
+Genus
+
+ACANTHOCOCCUS
+Signoret
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Acanthococcus
+Signoret, 1875: 16
+
+
+.
+Type
+species:
+
+Acanthococcus aceris
+Signoret
+
+by monotypy.
+
+
+
+
+
+Diagnostic characters of the adult female:
+Body of live adult female covered by waxy ovoid ovisac. Slide-mounted, body elongate oval, tapering posteriorly. Antennae each with 6 or 7 (rarely 8) segments. Frontal lobes or tubercles present. Eyes situated near margin. Legs well developed; mid- and hind coxae often with spinulae on anterior surfaces; translucent pores sometimes present on hind coxa and femur; claw usually with a denticle; tarsal and claw digitules longer than claw, all with apices knobbed. Anal lobes well developed and often sclerotized, frequently with tooth-like projections on inner margins. Anal ring well developed, sclerotized, with partly double rows of pores and bearing 8 setae. Cauda usually present.
+
+
+
+FIGURE 47.
+General morphology of
+Eriococcidae
+, adult female.
+A,
+anal lobes;
+B,
+antenna;
+C,
+frontal lobe;
+D,
+labium;
+E,
+hind coxa;
+F,
+claw;
+G,
+cruciform, trilocular, quinquelocular and multilocular pores;
+H,
+microtubular duct;
+I,
+macrotubular duct;
+J,
+enlarged conical setae;
+K,
+anal ring;
+L,
+vulva;
+M,
+cauda.
+
+
+
+Dorsum
+. Setae often enlarged and spinose. Macrotubular ducts all of 1 size, with macrotubular and microtubular ducts together forming transverse rows throughout.
+
+
+Venter
+. Setae hair like with enlarged setae near body margin. Labium with basal segment sometimes weakly developed but bearing 2 unequal pairs of setae. Macrotubular ducts often of 2 or 3 sizes, present throughout. Disc-pores each with 3‒9 loculi, present only on venter; cruciform pores present on ventral prosoma in a marginal band.
+
+
+
+
+Comments:
+Worldwide, 217 species are included in
+
+Acanthococcus
+
+at present (
+
+García Morales
+et al
+. 2016
+
+); three species are known from
+Iran
+(
+
+Rozedar
+et al
+. 2013
+
+;
+
+Torabi
+et al
+. 2010
+
+).
+
+
+
+
+
+Key to species of
+
+Acanthococcus
+
+in
+Iran
+,
+
+based on slide-mounted adult females.
+
+
+
+
+
+1(0) Dorsum of abdominal segment VIII with enlarged setae. Many marginal setae more than 2x as long as a dorsal enlarged seta.........................................................................................
+
+aceris
+Signoret
+
+
+
+
+- Dorsum of abdominal segment VIII without enlarged setae. Marginal setae all less than 2x as long as a dorsal enlarged seta..................................................................................................... 2
+
+
+
+
+
+2(1) Antenna with 6 segments. Anal ring complete, bearing 8 setae.....................................
+
+costatus
+Danzig
+
+
+
+
+
+- Antenna with 7 segments. Anal ring incomplete, open anteriorly, and bearing 6 setae................
+
+isacanthus
+Danzig
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FFF8392A92DA97C337A8D82C.xml b/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FFF8392A92DA97C337A8D82C.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..2d481c47bfa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FFF8392A92DA97C337A8D82C.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,222 @@
+
+
+
+The Scale Insects Of Iran (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) Part 3 The Soft Scales (Coccidae) And Other Families
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Moghaddam, Masumeh
+Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Watson, Gillian W.
+0000-0001-9914-0094
+Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran. & Science: Research, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, U. K. gillian. watson @ nhm. ac. uk; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 9914 - 0094 * Corresponding author. moghadam @ iripp. ir; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0908 - 838 X & Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.
+gillian.watson@nhm.ac.uk
+
+text
+
+
+Zootaxa
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-11-29
+
+
+5542
+
+
+1
+
+
+1
+202
+
+
+
+
+https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1
+
+journal article
+306474
+10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1
+b349e73d-c49e-418c-81f7-c5d32e136362
+1175-5334
+14385386
+2DB3A5B7-4292-4CD9-B6D8-FA97EB48DD16
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Stotzia ephedrae
+(Newstead)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+(
+Fig. 44
+,
+Plate 3G
+, distribution map
+Fig. 93O
+)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Lichtensia ephedrae
+Newstead, 1901: 83
+
+
+.
+
+
+Stotzia striata
+Marchal, 1906: 144
+
+
+.
+
+
+Filippia foucauldi
+Balachowsky, 1929: 308
+
+
+.
+
+Stotzia ephedrae
+(Newstead)
+
+;
+
+Matile-Ferrero 1978: 44
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+
+Field characteristics:
+Adult females completely enclosed in oval, white, thick and compact ovisac.
+
+
+
+
+Microscopic diagnosis:
+Slide-mounted adult female body broadly oval, but dorsum broader than venter. Stigmatic clefts not developed. Anal cleft fairly short.
+
+
+Dorsum
+. Derm completely membranous, even in old specimens. Setae short, spinose, scattered throughout.
+Two types
+of pores, both present sparsely. (i) a quite small, round to oval, pore with a finely granulate surface, and (ii) a minute tubular pore, with filamentous inner ductule. Preopercular pores and duct tubercles absent. Tubular ducts of
+1 type
+present, each with outer ductule stout, inner ductule thin with a large, flower-like terminal gland, numerous throughout. Anal plates together quadrate, each plate with 3 apical setae and 1 on inner margin. Anal ring bearing 8 setae.
+
+
+Margin
+. Marginal setae bluntly spinose, with parallel sides and a narrow basal socket; each side with about 25– 36 setae between anterior and posterior stigmatic areas. Stigmatic clefts with 3 stigmatic spines, each only slightly differentiated from marginal setae, but slightly shorter and broader; median spines longer than marginal setae.
+
+
+Venter
+. Derm entirely membranous. Pregenital disc-pores mostly each with 10 loculi, present around anogenital fold, and extending posteriorly along part of anal cleft; also present on preceding 3 or 4 abdominal segments; absent from head and thorax. Spiracular disc-pores mostly each with 5 loculi, present in broad bands between each spiracle and margin. Three pregenital segments each with a pair of long setae (not illustrated) (in Iranian specimens); also 2 or 3 pairs of long setae between antennal bases; other setae scattered. Microducts sparse and restricted to a wide submarginal band (not illustrated). Tubular ducts of
+1 type
+, each duct with a large, flower-like terminal gland, abundant in a wide submarginal band, much less frequent medially. Antennae each with 8 segments, third segment longest. Legs well developed, each with a tibio-tarsal articulation and a small articulatory sclerosis; claw digitules both fine and longer than claw.
+
+
+
+
+Distribution:
+
+Stotzia ephedrae
+
+is known only from 11 Palaearctic countries (
+
+García Morales
+et al
+. 2016
+
+); in
+Iran
+, it is found in
+Kerman
+,
+Khorasan
+–e Jounobi,
+Khorasan
+-e Razavi,
+Khorasan
+-e Shomali and Sistan & Balouchestan provinces (
+Moghaddam 2013
+).
+
+
+
+
+Host-plants:
+The species has been recorded on host-plants in six genera belonging to five families:
+Apiaceae
+,
+Asparagaceae
+,
+Ephedraceae
+,
+Fabaceae
+and
+
+Tamaricaceae (
+
+García Morales
+et al
+. 2016
+
+)
+
+. In
+Iran
+, it has only been recorded on
+
+Ephedra
+sp.
+
+(
+Ephedraceae
+) (
+Kaussari 1957
+).
+
+
+
+
+Economic importance:
+Not of any economic importance in
+Iran
+.
+
+
+Natural enemies:
+None recorded in
+Iran
+.
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FFF9392B92DA915C365ADAB2.xml b/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FFF9392B92DA915C365ADAB2.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..e64880b3a2e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FFF9392B92DA915C365ADAB2.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+
+
+
+The Scale Insects Of Iran (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) Part 3 The Soft Scales (Coccidae) And Other Families
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Moghaddam, Masumeh
+Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Watson, Gillian W.
+0000-0001-9914-0094
+Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran. & Science: Research, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, U. K. gillian. watson @ nhm. ac. uk; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 9914 - 0094 * Corresponding author. moghadam @ iripp. ir; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0908 - 838 X & Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.
+gillian.watson@nhm.ac.uk
+
+text
+
+
+Zootaxa
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-11-29
+
+
+5542
+
+
+1
+
+
+1
+202
+
+
+
+
+https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1
+
+journal article
+306474
+10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1
+b349e73d-c49e-418c-81f7-c5d32e136362
+1175-5334
+14385386
+2DB3A5B7-4292-4CD9-B6D8-FA97EB48DD16
+
+
+
+
+
+Genus
+
+STOTZIA
+Marchal
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Stotzia
+Marchal, 1906: 143
+
+
+.
+Type
+species:
+
+Stotzia striata
+Marchal
+
+by monotypy =
+
+Lichtensia ephedrae
+Newstead.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Diagnostic characters of the adult female:
+Live adult female elongate oval and highly convex; ovisac pure white with longitudinal striations, composed of woolly or granular material, entirely covering dorsum. Slide-mounted body oval, but dorsal surface much larger than venter. Stigmatic clefts not developed; stigmatic setae almost undifferentiated from marginal setae, although usually with 1 or 2 rather longer and stouter setae in each stigmatic area. Marginal setae spinose, with parallel sides, blunt apices and with rather narrow basal sockets; each side with 25–36 setae between anterior and posterior stigmatic areas. Dorsal tubular ducts numerous, evenly distributed throughout. Preopercular pores absent. Anal cleft fairly short. Anal ring normal, bearing 8 (occasionally 10) setae. Venter with 3 or more pairs of long setae on last 3 abdominal segments anterior to anogenital fold.
+
+
+
+
+Comments:
+Worldwide, four species are included in
+
+Stotzia
+
+at present (
+
+García Morales
+et al
+. 2016
+
+); only
+
+S. ephedrae
+(Newstead)
+
+is known from
+Iran
+(
+Bodenheimer 1944b
+).
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FFFA392892DA96C936ACDE7B.xml b/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FFFA392892DA96C936ACDE7B.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..20e7f76a0d2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FFFA392892DA96C936ACDE7B.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,127 @@
+
+
+
+The Scale Insects Of Iran (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) Part 3 The Soft Scales (Coccidae) And Other Families
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Moghaddam, Masumeh
+Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Watson, Gillian W.
+0000-0001-9914-0094
+Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran. & Science: Research, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, U. K. gillian. watson @ nhm. ac. uk; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 9914 - 0094 * Corresponding author. moghadam @ iripp. ir; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0908 - 838 X & Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.
+gillian.watson@nhm.ac.uk
+
+text
+
+
+Zootaxa
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-11-29
+
+
+5542
+
+
+1
+
+
+1
+202
+
+
+
+
+https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1
+
+journal article
+306474
+10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1
+b349e73d-c49e-418c-81f7-c5d32e136362
+1175-5334
+14385386
+2DB3A5B7-4292-4CD9-B6D8-FA97EB48DD16
+
+
+
+
+
+Genus
+
+CRYPTOCOCCUS
+Douglas
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Cryptococcus
+Douglas, 1890b: 155
+
+
+.
+Type
+species:
+
+Coccus fagi
+Bärensprung
+
+(=
+
+Cryptococcus fagisuga
+Lindinger
+
+) by monotypy.
+
+
+
+
+
+Diagnostic characters of the adult female:
+Live adult female body globular, covered with finely filamentous, white wax secretions. Slide-mounted body ovoid; antennae each with 1 or 2 (rarely 4 or 5) segments. Legs absent or reduced to unsegmented stubs. Spiracles each set in a sclerotized frame with a few associated quinquelocular disc-pores.Anal ring with 4 or 5 setae, rarely with pores.Anal tube well developed, sclerotized. Trilocular, quinquelocular and sometimes quadrilocular pores present. Tubular ducts of
+two types
+present on both surfaces.
+
+
+
+
+Comments:
+Worldwide, five species are included in
+
+Cryptococcus
+(
+
+García Morales
+et al
+. 2016
+
+)
+
+; only
+
+C. fagisuga
+Lindinger
+
+has been recorded from
+Iran
+(
+Moghaddam 2009
+).
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FFFC392E92DA9104318EDA8B.xml b/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FFFC392E92DA9104318EDA8B.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..df4bbc801f8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/98/1B/87/981B8798FFFC392E92DA9104318EDA8B.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+
+
+
+The Scale Insects Of Iran (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) Part 3 The Soft Scales (Coccidae) And Other Families
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Moghaddam, Masumeh
+Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Watson, Gillian W.
+0000-0001-9914-0094
+Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran. & Science: Research, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, U. K. gillian. watson @ nhm. ac. uk; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 9914 - 0094 * Corresponding author. moghadam @ iripp. ir; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0908 - 838 X & Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.
+gillian.watson@nhm.ac.uk
+
+text
+
+
+Zootaxa
+
+
+2024
+
+2024-11-29
+
+
+5542
+
+
+1
+
+
+1
+202
+
+
+
+
+https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1
+
+journal article
+306474
+10.11646/zootaxa.5542.1.1
+b349e73d-c49e-418c-81f7-c5d32e136362
+1175-5334
+14385386
+2DB3A5B7-4292-4CD9-B6D8-FA97EB48DD16
+
+
+
+
+
+Genus
+
+SPHAEROLECANIUM
+Šulc
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Sphaerolecanium
+Šulc, 1908: 36
+
+
+.
+Type
+species:
+
+Coccus prunastri
+Boyer de Fonscolombe
+
+by monotypy and original designation.
+
+
+
+
+
+Diagnostic characters of the adult female:
+Dorsum of slide-mounted adult female with long band of preopercular pores mixed with long fine setae extending from anal plates anteriorly to level of antennae; venter without tubular ducts; pregenital disc-pores mostly each with 6 loculi, which extend only to metathorax. Legs lacking tibio-tarsal articulatory scleroses; claw digitules dissimilar.
+
+
+
+
+Comments:
+
+Sphaerolecanium
+Šulc
+
+is a monotypic genus found in the Palaearctic region, including
+Iran
+, although it has been intercepted also from elsewhere in the world (
+
+García Morales
+et al
+. 2016
+
+).
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file