diff --git a/data/03/EC/7D/03EC7D473612C80D1FC7F20A88ABF9B6.xml b/data/03/EC/7D/03EC7D473612C80D1FC7F20A88ABF9B6.xml index 5445faaec3b..79557d9bdf7 100644 --- a/data/03/EC/7D/03EC7D473612C80D1FC7F20A88ABF9B6.xml +++ b/data/03/EC/7D/03EC7D473612C80D1FC7F20A88ABF9B6.xml @@ -1,46 +1,47 @@ - - - -Systematics and natural history of Uaitemuri, a new genus of the orb-weaving spider family Uloboridae (Araneae: Deinopoidea) from south-eastern Brazil + + + +Systematics and natural history of Uaitemuri, a new genus of the orb-weaving spider family Uloboridae (Araneae: Deinopoidea) from south-eastern Brazil - - -Author + + +Author -Santos, Adalberto J. +Santos, Adalberto J. - - -Author + + +Author -Gonzaga, Marcelo O. +Gonzaga, Marcelo O. -text - - -Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society +text + + +Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society - -2017 - -180 + +2017 + +180 - -1 + +1 - -155 -174 + +155 +174 - -https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/59000d78-a93b-3ac4-b93a-58f96158fb07/ + +https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/59000d78-a93b-3ac4-b93a-58f96158fb07/ -journal article -10.1111/zoj.12471 -0024-4082 -9C7495D-95A5-4CFF-9142-F20E815CA691 +journal article +10.1111/zoj.12471 +0024-4082 +14806806 +9C7495D-95A5-4CFF-9142-F20E815CA691 @@ -63,7 +64,7 @@ - + FIGURES 1 A @@ -71,11 +72,11 @@ B , -2–4 +2–4 , -6–12 +6–12 , S -1 +1 Type material: @@ -171,7 +172,7 @@ coll. ( . - + Figure 3. @@ -920,7 +921,7 @@ coll., . - + Figure 4. @@ -951,20 +952,20 @@ can be distinguished from those of U. demariai by the relatively narrower and twisted embolus, the base of the conductor’s ventral plate not being projected retrolaterally, and the longer dorsal projection of the conductor, surpassing the apex of the cymbium ( - + Figs 2A – D , - + 4A – C ). Females can be recognized by the characters mentioned in the genus diagnosis. - + Figure 5. @@ -986,7 +987,7 @@ Description: Male ( – III and at the posterior tip. Femur I mottled with dark brown, with a pale brown ring on the median third. Femora of remaining legs pale brown, with median and apical dark-brown rings. Patellae pale brown, darker ventrally. Tibiae pale brown, darker ventrally and on the apical half. Metatarsi and tarsi pale brown. Opisthosoma pale brown, dorsum black medially, covered laterally with white spots. Sides with five transversal black stripes. Epigastric plate mottled with black, pulmonary plates pale brown. Post-epigastric area mottled with white, with a posterior median black spot near spinnerets. Cribellum brown, posteriorly black and with a median black spot. Spinnerets and anal tubercle brown, suffused with black. Copulatory apparatus as in the genus description and the species diagnosis. Total length 3.09. Carapace 1.27 long, 1.12 wide. Sternum 0.56 long, 0.56 wide. Leg I, length of segments: femur 1.98, patella 0.56, tibia 1.62, metatarsus 1.72, tarsus 0.76. Length of tibia II 0.66, III 0.46, IV 0.71. Opisthosoma 2.13 long. - + Figure 6. @@ -998,7 +999,7 @@ Figure 6. , male (IBSP 39618), tegument and setae: A, opisthosoma, pseudoserrate setae; B, tibia I, flattened seta; C, tibia I, setae and thricobothria; D, tibia I, thricobothria. - + Figure 7. @@ -1018,7 +1019,7 @@ Female ( . Colour as in the male, except as follows. Carapace with a median, posterior white spot. Median dark brown spot without dark brown longitudinal stripes over pars cephalica. Opisthosoma covered with white spots. Dorsum with a median black stripe. Post-epigastric area with two anterior, paramedian black spots. Cribellum brown, with an anterior, median black spot. Genital organs as in the genus description. Total length 4.77. Carapace 1.83 long, 1.32 wide. Sternum 1.12 long, 0.81 wide. Leg I, length of segments: femur 2.23, patella 0.61, tibia 1.83, metatarsus 1.88, tarsus 0.81. Length of tibia II 0.76, III 0.56, IV 0.91. Opisthosoma 3.07 long. - + Figure 8. @@ -1056,7 +1057,7 @@ Natural history: Uaitemuri rupicola was found on webs in shaded sites within crevices of large rocks ( - + Fig. 9A – C @@ -1072,9 +1073,9 @@ e Desenvolvimento Ambiental de Peti ( = 3) and Morro do Pilar (P. H. Martins, pers. commun.). All specimens were found resting on the rock surface, holding a signal thread connected to the hub of the orb web. The resting posture resembles ‘posture D’ of Opell & Eberhard (1984) , with the front legs flexed against the body ( -Fig. 9D, E +Fig. 9D, E ), although we could not see which leg holds the signal thread. This position, together with the body colour, makes the spider cryptic against the substrate. The web is composed of a mesh placed in contact with the rock and a vertical orb with a free sector ( - + Fig. 9A – C @@ -1119,32 +1120,32 @@ and . As reported for other uloborid orb webs ( Lubin, 1986 ), spiral threads include zig-zag loops near the periphery of the capture area and several switchbacks ( -Fig. 9A, B +Fig. 9A, B ). Prey capture was not observed, but prey remains found on webs or under consumption showed that the spider wraps the prey in a dense cover of silk ( -Figs 9F, S -2 +Figs 9F, S +2 ), which probably kills the prey by compression (see Eberhard, Barrantes & Weng, 2006 ). Males were seen resting in a cryptic posture, hanging from the rock ceiling, close to females ( -Fig. 9E +Fig. 9E ). We did not observe any courtship or copulation events, but the specimens examined indicate males probably seal female copulatory openings with copulatory plugs ( -Fig. 3B +Fig. 3B ). Females of Uaitemuri rupicola build several stellate egg sacs connected to each other and to the rock surface, always suspended on an orb-like silk scaffold built around the mother’s resting site ( -Figs 9B +Figs 9B , -10A, B +10A, B ). Egg sacs are composed exclusively of fine silk ( sensu Opell, 1984b ; - + Fig. 11A – F @@ -1158,14 +1159,14 @@ F = 0.972, P = 0.339). The silk covering was particularly dense throughout the egg sac, but included sparse pore-like apertures ( - + Fig. 11B – F ), possibly made by the wasp mentioned below. - + Figure 9. @@ -1199,7 +1200,7 @@ of ( Pteromalidae ), an egg predator wasp ( - + Fig. 10C – E @@ -1210,7 +1211,7 @@ de Preservaç ~ ao e Desenvolvimento Ambiental de Peti. The wasps were seen walking around the females and their egg sacs, climbing on egg sacs and piercing them with the ovipositor. Unfortunately, due to the wasp’s small size and the poor lighting, we could not ascertain how frequently the wasps touched the spi- der silk, but the female spider seemed unresponsive to their presence, even when they were walking over and piercing the egg sacs. Four additional wasp specimens were obtained in the laboratory, from egg sacs collected in the same place. - + Figure 10. @@ -1263,7 +1264,7 @@ Known from south-eastern Janeiro and S ~ ao Paulo ( -Fig. 12 +Fig. 12 ). Distribution records are from 100 to ~ 1500 m diff --git a/data/03/EC/7D/03EC7D473614C8021FB9F64A88B4FA1B.xml b/data/03/EC/7D/03EC7D473614C8021FB9F64A88B4FA1B.xml index e1e3144d57c..3cd56da417f 100644 --- a/data/03/EC/7D/03EC7D473614C8021FB9F64A88B4FA1B.xml +++ b/data/03/EC/7D/03EC7D473614C8021FB9F64A88B4FA1B.xml @@ -1,48 +1,49 @@ - - - -Systematics and natural history of Uaitemuri, a new genus of the orb-weaving spider family Uloboridae (Araneae: Deinopoidea) from south-eastern Brazil + + + +Systematics and natural history of Uaitemuri, a new genus of the orb-weaving spider family Uloboridae (Araneae: Deinopoidea) from south-eastern Brazil - - -Author + + +Author -Santos, Adalberto J. +Santos, Adalberto J. - - -Author + + +Author -Gonzaga, Marcelo O. +Gonzaga, Marcelo O. -text - - -Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society +text + + +Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society - -2017 - -180 + +2017 + +180 - -1 + +1 - -155 -174 + +155 +174 - -https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/59000d78-a93b-3ac4-b93a-58f96158fb07/ + +https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/59000d78-a93b-3ac4-b93a-58f96158fb07/ -journal article -10.1111/zoj.12471 -0024-4082 -9C7495D-95A5-4CFF-9142-F20E815CA691 +journal article +10.1111/zoj.12471 +0024-4082 +14806806 +9C7495D-95A5-4CFF-9142-F20E815CA691 - + @@ -91,13 +92,13 @@ Diagnosis: Uaitemuri can be distinguished from other uloborid genera by the combined presence of two pairs of dorsal and a single posterior tubercle on the opisthosoma ( - + Fig. 1A – C ), by the unique flattened, leaf-shaped dorsal setae on the patella and tibia of all legs ( - + Fig. 1A – C @@ -117,22 +118,22 @@ in the embolus encircling an apical and branched conductor and a prolateral medi Uaitemuri can be distinguished by the flattened embolus with a large base, the conductor with the distal portion forming a ventral hyaline plate and a dorsal, long and curved process arising from the basal portion. It can be further recognized by the presence of a retrolateral tegular plate ( - + Fig. 2A – D , Supporting Information, -Fig. S1A +Fig. S1A ). Females are known for only one of the two species of the genus, and they present an epigynum and internal genitalia that are highly distinctive from other genera. The female epigynum consists of a ventral bulge and a posterior sclerotized plate containing two lateral copulatory openings ( -Fig. 3A, B +Fig. 3A, B ). The internal genitalia contain a pair of large spermathecae with a median gland mound, flattened copulatory ducts located on inflated hyaline copulatory atria and stout fertilization ducts ( - + Figs 3C – D, S -1B, C +1B, C ). @@ -149,7 +150,7 @@ constitutes a monophyletic group within , see the Supporting Information. - + Figure 1. @@ -182,173 +183,173 @@ Total length 2.86 5.59 (females). Carapace oval, narrowest anteriorly, widest at the coxae III ( -Fig. 1A +Fig. 1A ), pars cephalica higher than pars thoracica ( -Fig. 1B +Fig. 1B ). Coloration pale brown, with lateral darker markings on the carapace, sternum, legs and dorsum of opisthosoma. Opisthosoma coloration usually reticulated, with pale brown stripes among white spots ( -Fig. 1B, C +Fig. 1B, C ). Whole body covered by white, pseudoserrate setae ( - + Figs 1B – C , -6A +6A ). Thoracic fovea and dorsal grooves of carapace inconspicuous. Anterior and posterior eye rows recurved as seen from above ( -Fig. 1A +Fig. 1A ), procurved as seen frontally. All eyes black, on black tubercles. Eyes subequal in size, except by anterior laterals, which have approximately half the diameter of anterior medians. Distance between median and lateral eyes equal to approximately one median eye diameter in both rows. Median eyes approximately three diameters apart in both rows. Clypeus height equal to about one diameter of anterior median eyes. Chilum absent. Chelicerae darker than carapace, without condyle and with an irregular row of dark setae near the promargin of fang furrow. Fang length equal to about one-third of paturon length. Fang furrow with one retromarginal tooth and two median denticles. Endites subrectangular, serrula covering the entire anterior margin, visible ventrally. Labium approximately as long as wide. Sternum shield-shaped, approximately 1.5 times longer than wide, widest between coxae II , with posterior tip between coxae IV. Lateral margins of sternum depressed near leg coxae, forming dark, shallow pits. Anterior lateral margins of sternum bulging near endites. Female palpus with conical tarsus, with a pectinate claw surrounded by long setae. Patella with a basal and an apical, dorsally flattened macrosetae, usually hyaline. Tibia with one basal and one median similar setae, the median the largest and strongly sclerotized ( - + Figs 1A – C , -6B +6B ). Apex of leg tibiae usually with smaller, dorsal flattened setae. Tibiae, metatarsi and tarsi covered with scattered needle-like and pseudoserrate setae ( -Fig. 6C +Fig. 6C ), usually stronger ventrally. Tarsus IV with a ventral row of stout macrosetae. Femora I, II and III with a dorsal row of long trichobothria ( - + Fig. 1A – C ). Basal third of all tibiae gently depressed dorsally, with two rows of smaller trichobothria. Trichobothria serrated, with capsulate basis covered by a shaft with costulate texture. Leg tegument with costate texture ( -Fig. 6D +Fig. 6D ). Calamistrum located on a dorsal depression, extended over the basal three-quarters of metatarsus IV. Opisthosoma with two pairs of dorsal humps, the posterior the largest; and one posterior median tubercle on a projection that extends beyond spinnerets ( - + Fig. 1A – C ). Female cribellum undivided, completely covered by cribellar spigots ( -Fig. 7A +Fig. 7A ). Anterior lateral spinnerets with a large major ampullate gland spigot and a nubbin, both on a distinct field, surrounded by ~35 short piriform gland spigots ( -Fig. 7B +Fig. 7B ). Posterior median spinnerets with an anterior, mesal minor ampullate gland spigot, a median field of ~10 aciniform gland spigots, two anterior ectal cylindrical gland spigots, and a posterior field of long paracribellar gland spigots ( -Fig. 7C +Fig. 7C ). Posterior lateral spinnerets with a posterior ectal pseudoflagelliform gland spigot, four anterior and one ectal cylindrical gland spigots and ~15 scattered aciniform gland spigots ( -Fig. 7D +Fig. 7D ). Male cribellum a wide plate, without spigots ( -Fig. 8A +Fig. 8A ). Anterior lateral spinnerets with a single, large major ampullate gland spigot, surrounded by ~ 25 piriform gland spigots ( -Fig. 8B +Fig. 8B ). Posterior median spinnerets with a single, anterior minor ampullate gland spigot, a nubbin and seven clumped aciniform gland spigots ( -Fig. 8C +Fig. 8C ). Posterior lateral spinnerets with 13 aciniform gland spigots ( -Fig. 8D +Fig. 8D ). Female tracheal opening near spinnerets, connected to two large tracheal trunks directed anteriorly, each with three smaller, posteriorly directed branches (as in Opell, 1979 : fig. 9). Tracheal trunks extended to prosoma, with large lateral branches inside each leg (as in Opell, 1979 : fig. 12). Male palpus tibia gently curved, excavated apically at the prolateral side ( -Fig. 2A, C +Fig. 2A, C ). Cymbium spoon-shaped, anteriorly elongated and flattened. Copulatory bulb ovoid, tegulum mostly visible from ventral and retrolateral views, prolateral side covered by a tegular plate ( -Figs 2A +Figs 2A , - + 4A – C , - + 5A – C ). Subtegulum small, ring-like, connected to tegulum by a median hematodocha ( - + Figs 2B – D , - + 4A – C , - + 5A – C, S -1A +1A ). Median apophysis as a hyaline outgrowth arising anteriorly from prolateral side of tegulum ( -Figs 2A, B +Figs 2A, B , -4B, C +4B, C , -5B, C +5B, C ). Conductor apical, with a crescent-shaped base extended retrolaterally, a ventral, lightly sclerotized plate and a dorsal process forming a furrow (which apparently accommodates the embolus apically) and a dorsal, long and curved process ( - + Figs 2B – D , - + 4A – C , - + 5A – C, S -1A +1A ). Embolus with a large prolateral base with a posterior lobe inserted behind the tegular plate ( -Fig. S1A +Fig. S1A ) and flattened median and apical sections around the conductor, ending dorsally to the conductor’s ventral plate ( - + Figs 2B – D , - + 4A – C , - + 5A – C, S -1A +1A ). Sperm duct trajectory with a marked switchback inside embolus base ( -Figs 4A +Figs 4A , -5A, S -1A +5A, S +1A ). Female epigynum located on a large, ventral hump on epigastric plate, with a posterior sclerotized plate containing two subtriangular copulatory openings ( -Figs 3A, B +Figs 3A, B , -4D, E +4D, E ). Spermathecae oval, distinctly connected to a porous base from which ducts arise ( -Fig. 3C, D +Fig. 3C, D ). Copulatory ducts flattened, inserted inside large, balloon-shaped hyaline copulatory atria ( -Fig. 3C +Fig. 3C , -4F, S -1B, C +4F, S +1B, C ). Fertilization ducts long and sclerotized ( -Fig. 4F +Fig. 4F ). - + Figure 2. diff --git a/data/03/EC/7D/03EC7D47361DC80B1FDBF2B08D87F94B.xml b/data/03/EC/7D/03EC7D47361DC80B1FDBF2B08D87F94B.xml index 4aa034d1f85..1cf2b9c3e38 100644 --- a/data/03/EC/7D/03EC7D47361DC80B1FDBF2B08D87F94B.xml +++ b/data/03/EC/7D/03EC7D47361DC80B1FDBF2B08D87F94B.xml @@ -1,46 +1,47 @@ - - - -Systematics and natural history of Uaitemuri, a new genus of the orb-weaving spider family Uloboridae (Araneae: Deinopoidea) from south-eastern Brazil + + + +Systematics and natural history of Uaitemuri, a new genus of the orb-weaving spider family Uloboridae (Araneae: Deinopoidea) from south-eastern Brazil - - -Author + + +Author -Santos, Adalberto J. +Santos, Adalberto J. - - -Author + + +Author -Gonzaga, Marcelo O. +Gonzaga, Marcelo O. -text - - -Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society +text + + +Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society - -2017 - -180 + +2017 + +180 - -1 + +1 - -155 -174 + +155 +174 - -https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/59000d78-a93b-3ac4-b93a-58f96158fb07/ + +https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/59000d78-a93b-3ac4-b93a-58f96158fb07/ -journal article -10.1111/zoj.12471 -0024-4082 -9C7495D-95A5-4CFF-9142-F20E815CA691 +journal article +10.1111/zoj.12471 +0024-4082 +14806806 +9C7495D-95A5-4CFF-9142-F20E815CA691 @@ -63,15 +64,15 @@ - + FIGURES 1 C , -5 +5 , -12 +12 Type material: @@ -123,7 +124,7 @@ coll. ( ). - + Figure 11. @@ -168,7 +169,7 @@ can be distinguished from those of U. rupicola by a wider and untwisted embolus, a larger conductor extension and a shorter conductor process, not surpassing the apex of the cymbium ( - + Fig. 5A – C