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<document id="B9229AF7C70CB5BFACF145D5D096DE7F" ID-DOI="10.5852/cr-palevol2020v19a1" ID-ISSN="1777-571X" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14203901" ID-ZooBank="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:9B7BA215-F7E3-4AF0-B764-43F0DD3EADB3" checkinTime="1732275478277" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Van Den Hoek Ostende, Lars W., Casanovas-Vilar, Isaac &amp; Furió, Marc" docDate="2020" docId="03F087FEFFC7FF9DFC9CC6342D58FAFA" docLanguage="en" docName="CRPalevol.19.1.1-25.pdf" docOrigin="Comptes Rendus Palevol 19 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2020v19a1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:DACF86F01658A8850E13A63D98C287FD.1:CRPalevol.2020-.journal_article" docStyleId="DACF86F01658A8850E13A63D98C287FD" docStyleName="CRPalevol.2020-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="1" docTitle="Amphiperatherium frequens" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="7" masterDocId="FFC9FF86FFC1FF95FFF1C0262F68FFB4" masterDocTitle="Stuck in the middle. A geographical appraisal of the oldest insectivores - and a marsupial - from the Vallès-Penedès Basin (early Miocene, Catalonia, Spain)" masterLastPageNumber="25" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="5" updateTime="1732275784377" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
<mods:mods id="48C350F79F717F4B8D51F499E4759298" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="51B139D662DC91E32883348644D6FEC0">
<mods:title id="7026822788EACB1F17C76E9F606DCE7C">Stuck in the middle. A geographical appraisal of the oldest insectivores - and a marsupial - from the Vallès-Penedès Basin (early Miocene, Catalonia, Spain)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="E94E5853F6758485E9DA2E688858F485" type="personal">
<mods:role id="5AE31FE4CB52884D64593FC498B9F73D">
<mods:roleTerm id="C7F45FBCD128CF5B87CEC4AC09F0F89D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="C293A44D7CA646E14E31CE0291819AA5">Van Den Hoek Ostende, Lars W.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="B38328D0585B90B301D8312A1C148B17">Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Darwinweg 2, 2333 CR Leiden (The Netherlands) lars. vandenhoekostende @ naturalis. nl</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="ACEDB1DB96A63AB8FB411F56F4375E63" type="email">lars.vandenhoekostende@naturalis.nl</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
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</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="0FABD4082D4156A920EBFEA8DBE14799">Casanovas-Vilar, Isaac</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="DAD3CB40A64BC5DFBB8A25CC51EEBBB2">Institut Català de Paleontologia Miquel Crusafont. Edifici Z, c / de les Columnes, Campus de la UAB, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona (Spain) isaac. casanovas @ icp. cat</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="2B5713967966DEBA5FBC574F9966C232" type="email">isaac.casanovas@icp.cat</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="35D7D03F1A5FDB0BF86A962472C7A549" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="5DB8A410A660F9E4C85B13D0F62A09D4">Furió, Marc</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="D6D505D6BBB727F3A9AA5D64BB297D0B">Institut Català de Paleontologia Miquel Crusafont. Edifici Z, c / de les Columnes, Campus de la UAB, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona (Spain) and Departament de Geologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (08193), Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona (Spain) marc. furio @ uab. cat marc. furio @ icp. cat (corresponding author)</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="0F5D4D010B0A8D0AA81089FE841D8776" type="email">marc.furio@uab.cat</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="E6EFD84DB9535A9138C9F95A1DC2F942">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="7BE6278B837A52A4105F3500276A242A" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="7E254EBCAA49F60E66E3308AE6A5EA27">
<mods:title id="E22D191DAF975903AA13143D73CDA4F0">Comptes Rendus Palevol</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="99D9B9B23484E025E7F97E14894767A2">
<mods:date id="74784E18BEAF00B73CE2C0BBD9A948E3">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="B34C862008AC57C9B8084E0460AEE795">2020-07-22</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="A6684EAF64A574E3A15E4A6F6C5496E9" type="volume">
<mods:number id="68C4509BA5720253DFAB6A7C9EEB9E00">19</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="6D75AE6BD35EAD655801842FCD39D706">1</mods:number>
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<mods:end id="60FBABE1E12612F5447FD4E21729048B">25</mods:end>
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<mods:location id="B6ECD5A3758087E2073889979BDB5E2E">
<mods:url id="3DC687CAE38D9BCED40DEFEB9D96011E">http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2020v19a1</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="DA2BF47229495CEE9FEABD1D83581A68">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="4938CA1C4921E985537815E1750C5820" type="DOI">10.5852/cr-palevol2020v19a1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="25EB293AF45E7BDF039EB63F6FD81780" type="ISSN">1777-571X</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03F087FEFFC7FF9DFC9CC6342D58FAFA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F087FEFFC7FF9DFC9CC6342D58FAFA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F087FEFFC7FF9DFC9CC6342D58FAFA" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">
<subSubSection id="C3436563FFC7FF93FC9CC6342A06F999" box="[877,1390,1554,1581]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BE636E8FFC7FF93FC9CC6342A06F999" blockId="6.[877,1390,1554,1581]" box="[877,1390,1554,1581]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">
<heading id="D0AE8184FFC7FF93FC9CC6342A06F999" box="[877,1390,1554,1581]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="4C594D6BFFC7FF93FC9CC6342A06F999" authority="(von Meyer, 1846)" baseAuthorityName="von Meyer" baseAuthorityYear="1846" box="[877,1390,1554,1581]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Amphiperatherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="frequens">
<emphasis id="B92DEAFAFFC7FF93FC9CC6342BF5F998" bold="true" box="[877,1181,1554,1581]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Amphiperatherium frequens</emphasis>
(von Meyer, 1846)
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3436563FFC7FF93FBDFC6152BC5F9F9" box="[1070,1197,1586,1613]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BE636E8FFC7FF93FBDFC6152BC5F9F9" blockId="6.[1070,1197,1586,1613]" box="[1070,1197,1586,1613]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">
(
<figureCitation id="13622A6DFFC7FF93FBC6C6142B1DF9F9" box="[1079,1141,1586,1613]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="10.[132,143,1916,1933]" captionTargetBox="[149,1439,215,1873]" captionTargetId="figure-177@10.[701,1256,766,1321]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIG. 3. — Marsupial and galericines from the early Miocene of the Vallès-Penedès: Amphiperatherium frequens von Meyer, 1846 (A-G). A, IPS86180. dP3 dext. (rev) SAB1. B, IPS102010. M3 dext. (rev) CMV-II. C, IPS86243. M4 dext. (rev). CMV-I. D, IPS86823. p2? dext. (rev). TFR. E, IPS86262. m1 sin. CMV-II. (E1-ocl; E2-lab). F, IPS86230. m2 sin. Palau 3B. (F1-ocl; F2-lab). G, IPS86260. m3 dext. CMV-II. Galerix remmerti Van den Hoek Ostende, 2003 (H-J). H, IPS85480. M2 dext. (rev). TFR. I, IPS85486. M3 sin. TFR. J, IPS85482. m2 dext. (rev). TFR. (J1-ocl; J2-lab). Galerix symeonidisi Doukas, 1986 (K-M). K, IPS106596. M1 dext. (rev). LVV. L, IPS96861. m1+m2 dext. (rev). CMV-I. (L1-ocl; L2-lab). M, IPS86238. m3 dext. (rev). CJ. (M1-ocl; M2-lab). Scale bar: 1 mm." pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
A-G)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3436563FFC7FF93FCDDC6B02C89F85F" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BE636E8FFC7FF93FCDDC6B02C89F85F" blockId="6.[811,1457,1685,2027]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">
<smallCapsWord id="8D00A034FFC7FF93FCDDC6B02CFCF918" baselines="1703,1704" box="[812,916,1686,1709]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Material" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">MATERIAL</smallCapsWord>
<smallCapsWord id="8D00A034FFC7FF93FC6CC6BD2CA0F918" baselines="1704" box="[925,968,1691,1708]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="and" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">AND</smallCapsWord>
<smallCapsWord id="8D00A034FFC7FF93FC21C6BD2B06F918" baselines="1704" box="[976,1134,1691,1708]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="measurements" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">MEASUREMENTS</smallCapsWord>
(in cm). —
<emphasis id="B92DEAFAFFC7FF93FB06C6B12A59F91B" bold="true" box="[1271,1329,1687,1711]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">
<collectingCountry id="F34E7678FFC7FF93FB06C6B12A59F91B" box="[1271,1329,1687,1711]" name="Spain" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Spain</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
. El Canyet, IPS19361, mandible with m1-m4, partially encaged in sediment; El Palau 3B,
<quantity id="4CA19B0DFFC7FF93FC02C6EC2B75F956" box="[1011,1053,1738,1762]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" unit="m" value="1.0">1 m</quantity>
2 sin., IPS86230, 2.17 × 1.17 × 1.26;
<quantity id="4CA19B0DFFC7FF93FA53C6EC2C2BF949" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" unit="m" value="1.0">1 m</quantity>
3 dext., IPS86231, 2.11 × 1.18 × 1.12; Can Martí Vell II, M3 dext., IPS102010, LvK 2.16 × WvK 2.36; LCr 2.12 × WCr 2.75;
<quantity id="4CA19B0DFFC7FF93FCDAC73C2C3EF886" box="[811,854,1818,1842]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" unit="m" value="1.0">1 m</quantity>
1 sin., IPS86262, 2.00 × 1.00 × 1.12;
<quantity id="4CA19B0DFFC7FF93FB3DC73C2B9DF886" box="[1228,1269,1818,1842]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" unit="m" value="1.0">1 m</quantity>
3 dext., IPS86260, 2.16 × 1.18 × 1.14; Can Martí Vell I, 1 M4 dext., IPS86243, 1.10 × 2.30; Les Cases de la Valenciana 1, 1 M3 sin., IPS86622, – × –, 2 fragmented upper molars, IPS86615, IPS86623; Turó de les Forques, 1 M2 dext., IPS86822, – × –; p2? dext., IPS86823, – × 0.75, m3 sin., IPS85484, 2.19 × 1.22 × 1.16; Sant Andreu de la Barca 1, dP3 dext., IPS86180, LvK 1.63 × WvK 1.36; LCr 1.37 × WCr 1.68.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF266660FFC6FF92FF74C0FA2B40FEB7" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" startId="7.[133,143,220,237]" targetType="table">
<paragraph id="8BE636E8FFC6FF92FF74C0FA2B40FEB7" blockId="7.[132,1456,220,259]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">
<smallCapsWord id="8D00A034FFC6FF92FF74C0FA2FDAFF58" baselines="233,233" box="[133,178,220,237]" lowerCaseFontSize="5" mainFontSize="7" normCase="title" normString="Table" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">TABLE</smallCapsWord>
1. — Localities studied with their corresponding stage and zone and their relative position (when possible). Abbreviations:
<emphasis id="B92DEAFAFFC6FF92FB4AC0FA2BB5FF59" bold="true" box="[1211,1245,220,237]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">srm</emphasis>
, stratigraphic refinement method used to determine the relative position;
<emphasis id="B92DEAFAFFC6FF92FDE2C0D42D76FEB7" bold="true" box="[531,542,242,259]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">L</emphasis>
, lithostratigraphy;
<emphasis id="B92DEAFAFFC6FF92FD4BC0D42DA3FEB7" bold="true" box="[698,715,242,259]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">M</emphasis>
, magnetostratigraphy;
<emphasis id="B92DEAFAFFC6FF92FC7DC0D42CF1FEB7" bold="true" box="[908,921,242,259]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">B</emphasis>
, biostratigraphy.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C3436563FFC6FF9DFF75C2D02D24FD04" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BE636E8FFC6FF92FF75C2D02E7DFCBA" blockId="7.[130,777,758,1262]" box="[132,277,758,784]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">
<smallCapsWord id="8D00A034FFC6FF92FF75C2D02E7DFCBA" baselines="777,777" box="[132,277,758,784]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Description" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">DESCRIPTION</smallCapsWord>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE636E8FFC6FF92FF75C3332FC7FC9B" blockId="7.[130,777,758,1262]" box="[132,175,789,815]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="B92DEAFAFFC6FF92FF75C3332FC7FC9B" box="[132,175,789,815]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">dP3</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE636E8FFC6FF92FF75C3132DFBFB5A" blockId="7.[130,777,758,1262]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">
The occlusal outline is triangular.The parastylar region is broken in the only sufficiently complete specimen. The metaconus is the highest cusp. The paraconus is somewhat lower than the metaconus.The antimetaconus is almost as high as the paraconus, whereas the antiparaconus is reduced to a tiny elongated bulge between both.The protoconulus (= “paraconule”
<emphasis id="B92DEAFAFFC6FF92FD8CC3F32DFAFC5A" box="[637,658,981,1006]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">in</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC84B19FFC6FF92FD68C3F22FD3FBBB" author="FURIO M. &amp; RUIZ-SANCHEZ F. J. &amp; CRESPO V. D. &amp; FREUDENTHAL M. &amp; MONTOYA P." pageId="7" pageNumber="6" pagination="371 - 377" refId="ref21624" refString="FURIO M., RUIZ-SANCHEZ F. J., CRESPO V. D., FREUDENTHAL M. &amp; MONTOYA P. 2012. - The southernmost Miocene occurrence of the last European herpetotheriid Amphiperatherium frequens (Metatheria, Mammalia). Comptes Rendus Palevol 11: 371 - 377. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. crpv. 2012.01.004" type="journal article" year="2012">
Furió
<emphasis id="B92DEAFAFFC6FF92FD26C3F32C60FC5A" box="[727,776,980,1006]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">et al.</emphasis>
2012
</bibRefCitation>
) is discernible as a small elevation of the preprotocrista. The preprotocrista connects with the base of the paraconus by means of a faint ridge. The protoconus is the most lingual cusp of the tooth, and the highest of the lingual lobe. The postprotocrista descends irregularly, so the most posterior inflexion can be interpreted as a weak metaconulus. The metaconulus is separated from the base of the metaconus by a notch. There is no cingulum surrounding the base of the tooth.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE636E8FFC6FF92FF75C5322FC3FA9A" blockId="7.[130,776,1300,1581]" box="[132,171,1300,1326]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="B92DEAFAFFC6FF92FF75C5322FC3FA9A" box="[132,171,1300,1326]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">M2</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE636E8FFC6FF92FF75C5152D53F998" blockId="7.[130,776,1300,1581]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">The only specimen found is incomplete, as the metaconus complex is missing.The parastyle is partially fragmented, but is clearly reduced. The paraconus is the highest cusp. The protoconus is much lower.The preprotocrista does not reach the base of the paraconus, as it is interrupted by a well-marked notch. The protoconulus and metaconulus are rather inconspicuous. The preserved part of the postpotocrista is a continuous ridge at the posterolingual margin of the tooth.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE636E8FFC6FF92FF75C6742FC2F9D8" blockId="7.[130,776,1618,1868]" box="[132,170,1618,1644]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="B92DEAFAFFC6FF92FF75C6742FC2F9D8" box="[132,170,1618,1644]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">M3</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE636E8FFC6FF92FF75C6542D67F8F8" blockId="7.[130,776,1618,1868]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">The metaconus is the highest cusp. The protoconus is clearly lower than the metaconus and only somewhat lower than the paraconus. The parastyle is formed by a hardly protruding, triangular area.The metaconulus is very small. The antiparaconus is pronounced; the antimetaconus is tiny, only represented by a small pimple placed close to an occlusal inflexion of the labial margin. The labial margin is concave.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE636E8FFC6FF92FF75C7572FC2F83F" blockId="7.[130,776,1905,2028]" box="[132,170,1905,1931]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="B92DEAFAFFC6FF92FF75C7572FC2F83F" box="[132,170,1905,1931]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">M4</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE636E8FFC6FF92FF75C7B72AD8FC5A" blockId="7.[130,776,1905,2028]" lastBlockId="7.[810,1457,757,1007]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">The occlusal outline is triangular, and about twice as long in the labio-lingual than in the meso-distal direction. The paraconus is a sharp elevated cusp in a central position with two crests at an angle of 90º. One of the crests is completely parallel to the anterior margin, thus connecting with the parastyle. The other one is completely perpendicular to the anterior margin thus reaching the posterior corner and the purported metaconus.The protoconus is placed at the lingual corner. The basal cingulum covers the anterior margin, running from the protoconus to the base of the parastyle. The postprotocrista makes a soft ‘S’ curvature ending in a faint and slightly elevated metaconulus.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE636E8FFC6FF92FCDAC4322CE7FB9A" blockId="7.[811,1457,1044,1198]" box="[811,911,1044,1070]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="B92DEAFAFFC6FF92FCDAC4322CE7FB9A" box="[811,911,1044,1070]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Mandible</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE636E8FFC6FF92FCDCC4122BADFB1A" blockId="7.[811,1457,1044,1198]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">The specimen from El Canyet only preserves the horizontal ramus. The lingual side is strongly dissolved and the labial one is covered by a hard sedimentary crust, so no significant mandibular character can be observed.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE636E8FFC6FF92FCDCC4F22C0FFB5A" blockId="7.[810,1457,1236,1485]" box="[813,871,1236,1262]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="B92DEAFAFFC6FF92FCDCC4F22C0FFB5A" box="[813,871,1236,1262]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">p2 (?)</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE636E8FFC6FF92FCDCC4D52C93FA79" blockId="7.[810,1457,1236,1485]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">The only specimen is damaged, lacking the posterior extension. This tooth is monocuspid and two-rooted. The two roots are very close to each other. The main cusp is trifaced. In lingual view, the crown is triangular. The lingual face is flat. The labial face is convex. In labial view, the anterior part of the base elevates in anterior direction reaching half of the total height of the main cuspid.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE636E8FFC6FF92FCDDC5D52C27F9B9" blockId="7.[810,1457,1523,1900]" box="[812,847,1523,1549]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="B92DEAFAFFC6FF92FCDDC5D52C27F9B9" box="[812,847,1523,1549]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">m1</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE636E8FFC6FF92FCDCC6342BDEF8DF" blockId="7.[810,1457,1523,1900]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">The trigonid has an elongated aspect, with a paralophid clearly longer than the protolophid. The protoconid is the highest cusp. The metaconid is somewhat lower, and the paraconid is lower than the metaconid. The talonid is clearly wider and shorter than the trigonid. The hypoconid is very large. The oblique cristid ends just lingually of the base of the protoconid; the hypolophid is curved and separated from the entoconid by a wide post-entoconid valley. The entoconid is small; the entocristid slopes down steeply. The anterior cingulid is strong; the posterior cingulum is well developed. A small portion of labial cingulid borders the re-entrant valley.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE636E8FFC6FF92FCDCC7B72C27F81F" blockId="7.[813,1456,1937,2028]" box="[813,847,1937,1963]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="B92DEAFAFFC6FF92FCDCC7B72C27F81F" box="[813,847,1937,1963]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">m2</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE636E8FFC6FF9DFCDCC7972EC8FDA4" blockId="7.[813,1456,1937,2028]" lastBlockId="8.[132,776,215,528]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">The relative height of the trigonid cuspids is the same as in m1. However, the proportion between length and width is different, with a paralophid only slightly longer than the protolophid. The talonid and trigonid have similar lengths and widths. The hypoconid is the highest cuspid of the talonid. The entoconid is well developed, but it is shorter than the hypoconid. The hypoconulid is tilted distally, thus providing a ‘twisted’ aspect to the postcristid. The hypoconulid and the entoconid are separated by a wide notch. There is a well-developed cingulid below the paralophid. The oblique cristid ends more labially than lingually, at about one third of the protolophid length.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE636E8FFC9FF9DFF75C2112FC0FDE4" blockId="8.[131,775,566,688]" box="[132,168,566,593]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">m3</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE636E8FFC9FF9DFF75C2702D24FD04" blockId="8.[131,775,566,688]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">The talonid is shorter and somewhat narrower than the trigonid. The hypoconulid stands out less than in m2. The rest of the characters are quite the same as in m2.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3436563FFC9FF9DFF75C2F02D58FAFA" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BE636E8FFC9FF9DFF75C2F02F80FD5A" blockId="8.[130,777,726,1358]" box="[132,232,726,752]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE636E8FFC9FF9DFF75C2D32D58FAFA" blockId="8.[130,777,726,1358]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">
Occurrences of the herpetotheriid metatherian
<taxonomicName id="4C594D6BFFC9FF9DFD69C2D32F8BFC9B" authorityName="Filhol" authorityYear="1879" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Amphiperatherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92DEAFAFFC9FF9DFD69C2D32F8BFC9B" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Amphiperatherium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are quite frequent in the early Miocene of central Europe (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC84B19FFC9FF9DFF13C3102EB0FCFB" author="VON KOENIGSWALD W." box="[226,472,821,848]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" pagination="1 - 79" refId="ref24496" refString="VON KOENIGSWALD W. 1970. - Peratherium (Marsupialia) im Ober-Oligozan und Miozan von Europa. Abhandlungen der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, mathematisch naturwissenschaftliche Klasse (Neue Folge) 144: 1 - 79. http: // publikationen. badw. de / en / 003028977" type="journal article" year="1970">von Koenigswald 1970</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC84B19FFC9FF9DFE14C3132C68FCFB" author="ZIEGLER R. &amp; FAHLBUSCH V." box="[485,768,821,847]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" pagination="3 - 58" refId="ref24965" refString="ZIEGLER R. &amp; FAHLBUSCH V. 1986. - Kleinsauger-Faunen aus der basalen Oberen Susswasser-Molasse Niederbayerns. Zitteliana 14: 3 - 58. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 29470764" type="book chapter" year="1986">Ziegler &amp; Fahlbusch 1986</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC84B19FFC9FF9DFF75C3732E73FCDB" author="ZIEGLER R." box="[132,283,853,879]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" pagination="1 - 99" refId="ref24597" refString="ZIEGLER R. 1990 a. - Didelphidae, Erinaceidae, Metacodontidae und Dimylidae (Mammalia) aus dem Oberoligozan und Untermiozan Suddeutschlands. Stuttgarter Beitrage zur Naturkunde, Serie B (Geologie und Palaontologie) 158: 1 - 99." type="journal article" year="1990">Ziegler 1990a</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFC84B19FFC9FF9DFEDBC3732E0AFCDB" author="ZIEGLER R." box="[298,354,853,879]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" pagination="53 - 74" refId="ref24727" refString="ZIEGLER R. 1999. - Order Insectivora, in ROSSNER G. E. &amp; HEISSIG K. (eds), The Miocene Land Mammals of Europe. Dr. Friedrich Pfeil, Munchen: 53 - 74." type="book chapter" year="1999">1999</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC84B19FFC9FF9DFE83C3732D05FCDB" author="KLIETMANN J. &amp; NAGEL D. &amp; RUMMEL M. &amp; VAN DEN HOEK OSTENDE L. W." box="[370,621,853,879]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" pagination="1 - 20" refId="ref22561" refString="KLIETMANN J., NAGEL D., RUMMEL M. &amp; VAN DEN HOEK OSTENDE L. W. 2014 a. - Amphiperatherium and Erinaceidae of Petersbuch 28. Bulletin of Geosciences 89 (1): 1 - 20. http: // doi. org / 10.3140 / bull. geosci. 1454" type="journal article" year="2014">
Klietmann
<emphasis id="B92DEAFAFFC9FF9DFE1CC3702D4AFCDB" box="[493,546,853,879]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">et al.</emphasis>
2014a
</bibRefCitation>
). By contrast, this genus is rather rare in
<collectingCountry id="F34E7678FFC9FF9DFE54C3532E8CFC3B" box="[421,484,885,911]" name="Spain" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Spain</collectingCountry>
, though its presence in the Iberian Peninsula was noted in Buñol (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC84B19FFC9FF9DFDC0C3B32D9FFC1B" author="ROBLES F. &amp; BELINCHON M. &amp; GARCIA-FLOR J. &amp; MORALES J." box="[561,759,917,943]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" pagination="205 - 215" refId="ref23152" refString="ROBLES F., BELINCHON M., GARCIA-FLOR J. &amp; MORALES J. 1991. - El Neogeno continental de Bunol y del Valle del Rio Cabriel in DE RENZI M. et al. MARQUEZ-ALIAGA A. &amp; USERA J. (eds), Jornadas de Paleontologia: El Estudio de la Forma Organica y sus Consecuencias en Paleontologia Sistematica, Paleoecologia y Paleontologia Evolutiva. Revista Espanola de Paleontologia, Numero Extraordinario: 205 - 215." type="book chapter" year="1991">
Robles
<emphasis id="B92DEAFAFFC9FF9DFD73C3B02DDFFC1B" box="[642,695,917,943]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">et al.</emphasis>
1991
</bibRefCitation>
), Mas d’Antolino and Barranc de Campisano (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC84B19FFC9FF9DFDA5C3932D96FC7B" author="FURIO M. &amp; RUIZ-SANCHEZ F. J. &amp; CRESPO V. D. &amp; FREUDENTHAL M. &amp; MONTOYA P." box="[596,766,949,975]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" pagination="371 - 377" refId="ref21624" refString="FURIO M., RUIZ-SANCHEZ F. J., CRESPO V. D., FREUDENTHAL M. &amp; MONTOYA P. 2012. - The southernmost Miocene occurrence of the last European herpetotheriid Amphiperatherium frequens (Metatheria, Mammalia). Comptes Rendus Palevol 11: 371 - 377. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. crpv. 2012.01.004" type="journal article" year="2012">
Furió
<emphasis id="B92DEAFAFFC9FF9DFD63C3932DABFC7B" box="[658,707,949,975]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">et al.</emphasis>
2012
</bibRefCitation>
) and Montalvos 2 (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC84B19FFC9FF9DFEB5C3F22D64FC5B" author="HORDIJK K. &amp; BOSMA A. A. &amp; DE BRUIJN H. &amp; VAN DAM J. &amp; GERAEDTS C. &amp; VAN DEN HOEK OSTENDE L. W. &amp; REUMER J. W. W. &amp; WESSELS W." box="[324,524,980,1007]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" pagination="321 - 346" refId="ref22043" refString="HORDIJK K., BOSMA A. A., DE BRUIJN H., VAN DAM J., GERAEDTS C., VAN DEN HOEK OSTENDE L. W., REUMER J. W. W. &amp; WESSELS W. 2015. - Biostratigraphic and paleoecologic implications of the small mammal assemblage from the late early Miocene of Montalvos 2, Teruel Basin, Spain. Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironment 95 (3): 321 - 346. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 12549 - 015 - 0203 - 2" type="journal article" year="2015">
Hordijk
<emphasis id="B92DEAFAFFC9FF9DFE6EC3F32EB8FC5A" box="[415,464,980,1006]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">et al.</emphasis>
2015
</bibRefCitation>
). Moreover, fossils were found in the Ramblian and early Aragonian sections of the Calatayud-Montalban basin (LHO, pers. obs.), but these collections are currently lost. The material from Las Cases de Valenciana was already described by Jovells-Vaqué
<emphasis id="B92DEAFAFFC9FF9DFD74C4732DDDFBDA" box="[645,693,1108,1134]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">et al.</emphasis>
(2018). Species identification based on isolated molars is difficult, but the only European marsupial known from the Miocene is
<taxonomicName id="4C594D6BFFC9FF9DFF73C4922D32FB7A" authority="von Meyer, 1846" authorityName="von Meyer" authorityYear="1846" box="[130,602,1204,1230]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Amphiperatherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="frequens">
<emphasis id="B92DEAFAFFC9FF9DFF73C4922EC8FB7A" box="[130,416,1204,1230]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Amphiperatherium frequens</emphasis>
von Meyer, 1846
</taxonomicName>
. As the material generally fits this species both metrically and morphologically, its identification on the species level seems to be safe. Our material is too limited to venture assigning it to one of the subspecies as defined in central Europe.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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Van den Hoek Ostende, 2003
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(
<figureCitation id="13622A6DFFC9FF9DFE63C6542EB8F938" box="[402,464,1650,1676]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="10.[132,143,1916,1933]" captionTargetBox="[149,1439,215,1873]" captionTargetId="figure-177@10.[701,1256,766,1321]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIG. 3. — Marsupial and galericines from the early Miocene of the Vallès-Penedès: Amphiperatherium frequens von Meyer, 1846 (A-G). A, IPS86180. dP3 dext. (rev) SAB1. B, IPS102010. M3 dext. (rev) CMV-II. C, IPS86243. M4 dext. (rev). CMV-I. D, IPS86823. p2? dext. (rev). TFR. E, IPS86262. m1 sin. CMV-II. (E1-ocl; E2-lab). F, IPS86230. m2 sin. Palau 3B. (F1-ocl; F2-lab). G, IPS86260. m3 dext. CMV-II. Galerix remmerti Van den Hoek Ostende, 2003 (H-J). H, IPS85480. M2 dext. (rev). TFR. I, IPS85486. M3 sin. TFR. J, IPS85482. m2 dext. (rev). TFR. (J1-ocl; J2-lab). Galerix symeonidisi Doukas, 1986 (K-M). K, IPS106596. M1 dext. (rev). LVV. L, IPS96861. m1+m2 dext. (rev). CMV-I. (L1-ocl; L2-lab). M, IPS86238. m3 dext. (rev). CJ. (M1-ocl; M2-lab). Scale bar: 1 mm." pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
H-J)
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(in cm). —
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<collectingCountry id="F34E7678FFC9FF9DFDBAC68B2DE0F971" box="[587,648,1709,1733]" name="Spain" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Spain</collectingCountry>
.
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Turó de les Forques, 1 M2 dext. damaged, IPS85480, – × 3.06; 1 M3 sin., IPS85486, 1.36 × 2.24;
<quantity id="4CA19B0DFFC9FF9DFE87C6C62EF6F94C" box="[374,414,1760,1784]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" unit="m" value="1.0">1 m</quantity>
2 dext., IPS85482, 2.98 × 2.06; Sant Andreu de la Barca 3, 1 P4 sin. damaged, IPS86202; Sant Andreu de la Barca 1, 1 p1, IPS86194, 1.45 × 0.69.
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="B92DEAFAFFC9FF9DFF75C7572FCAF83F" box="[132,162,1905,1931]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">P4</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE636E8FFC9FF9DFF75C7B72C6EF85F" blockId="8.[130,776,1874,2028]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">The specimen from Sant Andreu de la Barca 3 is heavily damaged, lacking the posterolabial part of the premolar, having the protocone restored and being abraded around the parastyle.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE636E8FFC9FF9DFCDCC0F12AF2FE85" blockId="8.[811,1456,215,306]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">The overall appearance of the tooth is quite sturdy. The conical protocone is about twice the height and size of the hypocone. The two lingual cusps stand well isolated from each other.</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="B92DEAFAFFC9FF9DFCDCC1712C3BFEC5" box="[813,851,343,369]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">M2</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE636E8FFC9FF9DFCDCC1512A65FD84" blockId="8.[812,1457,343,561]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">The specimen of Turó de les Forques shows a very strong protocone-metaconule connection. From this, a faint ridge runs in the direction of the hypocone, which stands more or less isolated. The metaconule is atypical in not having a true crescent shape, but short and blunt anterior and posterior arms. The posterior cingulum is continuous.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE636E8FFC9FF9DFCDCC2702C3BFDC4" blockId="8.[811,1457,598,783]" box="[813,851,598,624]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B92DEAFAFFC9FF9DFCDCC2702C3BFDC4" box="[813,851,598,624]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">M3</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE636E8FFC9FF9DFCDCC2502CC3FCBB" blockId="8.[811,1457,598,783]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">The three main cusps are connected by sharp ridges, the most prominent one being the ridge that connects protocone and paracone. In front of the paracone lies a well-developed parastyle, which connects to the base of the paracone by a short ridge.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE636E8FFC9FF9DFCDCC3132C20FCFB" blockId="8.[811,1456,821,1006]" box="[813,840,821,847]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B92DEAFAFFC9FF9DFCDCC3132C20FCFB" box="[813,840,821,847]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">p1</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE636E8FFC9FF9DFCDCC3732B78FC5A" blockId="8.[811,1456,821,1006]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">The premolar is much longer than wide; the occlusal outline is sub-oval. The tip of the main cusp lies in front of the middle of the tooth. There is a tiny anterior flattening and a much larger posterior one. The tooth has one root that is directed obliquely backwards.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE636E8FFC9FF9DFCDCC4322C27FB9A" blockId="8.[811,1457,1044,1262]" box="[813,847,1044,1070]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B92DEAFAFFC9FF9DFCDCC4322C27FB9A" box="[813,847,1044,1070]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">m2</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE636E8FFC9FF9DFCDCC4122AF1FB5A" blockId="8.[811,1457,1044,1262]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">The cusps have a sturdy appearance, with relatively straight flanks. The talonid is of the same length and width as the trigonid. The blade-like paralophid is slightly hooked. There is a very small metacristid. The posterior cingulid slopes up to just below the centre of the hypolophid. The anterior cingulid seems rather narrow and tapers out against the paraconid.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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<mods:title id="17772A9C213DCF9FDE1A6B203A70D7FD">Stuck in the middle. A geographical appraisal of the oldest insectivores - and a marsupial - from the Vallès-Penedès Basin (early Miocene, Catalonia, Spain)</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="4C594D6BFFCAFF9EFF5EC6D72DB4F8B8" authority="Van den Hoek Ostende, 1997" authorityName="van den Hoek Ostende" authorityYear="1997" box="[175,732,1777,1804]" class="Mammalia" family="Talpidae" genus="Desmanodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="daamsi">
<emphasis id="B92DEAFAFFCAFF9EFF5EC6D72EF9F8B8" bold="true" box="[175,401,1777,1804]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Desmanodon daamsi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC84B19FFCAFF9EFE69C6D42DB4F8B8" author="VAN DEN HOEK OSTENDE L. W." box="[408,732,1778,1804]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" pagination="1 - 2" refId="ref23776" refString="VAN DEN HOEK OSTENDE L. W. 1997. - Insectivore faunas from the Lower Miocene of Anatolia. Part 4: The genus Desmanodon (Talpidae) with the description of a new species from the Lower Miocene of Spain. Proceedings of the Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen, vol. 100, 1 - 2: 27 - 65." type="journal article" year="1997">Van den Hoek Ostende, 1997</bibRefCitation>
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(
<figureCitation id="13622A6DFFCAFF9EFE63C7342EB8F898" box="[402,464,1810,1836]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="12.[132,143,1938,1955]" captionTargetBox="[140,1447,215,1895]" captionTargetId="figure-156@12.[699,1261,773,1336]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIG. 4. — Talpid and dimylids from the early Miocene of the Vallès-Penedès. Desmanodon daamsi Van den Hoek Ostende, 1997 (A-F). A, IPS106596. P4 dext. (rev). TFR. B, IPS86816. M1 sin. TFR. C, IPS86818. M2 dext. (rev). TFR. D, IPS86203. M3 sin. SAB-3. E, IPS86232. m2 dext. (rev). Palau 3B. (E1-ocl; E2-lab). F, IPS86278.m3 sin.CMV-III.(F1-ocl;F2-lab).Chainodus sp.(G). G, IPS116324.m1+m2 dext.(rev).CB2.(G1-ocl; G2-lab).Plesiodimylus sp.(H-K). H, IPS86256.M2 dext. (rev).CMV-II.I, IPS85481. M2 dext. (rev). TFR. J, IPS85668.m2 sin. CB2. (ocl). K, IPS86185. mand. with c-m2 sin.SAB1.(K1-ocl; K2-lab). Scale bar:1 mm." pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
A-F)
</paragraph>
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(in cm). —
<emphasis id="B92DEAFAFFCAFF9EFDC4C76A2D1BF8D0" bold="true" box="[565,627,1868,1892]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">
<collectingCountry id="F34E7678FFCAFF9EFDC4C76A2D18F8D0" box="[565,624,1868,1892]" name="Spain" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Spain</collectingCountry>
.
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El Palau 3B,
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2 dext., IPS86232, – × –; Can Martí Vell III,
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3 sin., IPS86278, 1.24 × 0.78; Sant Andreu de la Barca 3, 1 M3 sin., IPS86203, 1.12 × 1.67; Sant Andreu de la Barca 1, 1 P? dext., IPS86195, 1.45 × 0.69; 2 P4 dext., IPS86192-93, 1.43 × 1.17; – × –; 2 M1 sin., IPS86183- 84, – × –; 1.62 × 1.50; 1 M2 dext., IPS86181, 1.77 × 2.25; Turó de les Forques, 1 P4 dext., IPS85483, 1.36 × 1.24; 1 damaged M1 dext., IPS85488, – × –; 1 M1 sin., IPS86816, 1.73 × 2.32; 1 M2 sin., IPS86817, 1.74 × 1.97; 1 M2 dext., IPS86818, 1.76 × 2.13; Costablanca, 1 M2 sin., IPS19372, 1.91 × 1.84.
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="B92DEAFAFFCAFF9EFCDCC1B12C2DFE05" box="[813,837,407,433]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">P?</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="8BE636E8FFCAFF9EFCDCC1912A48FD5B" blockId="11.[811,1458,375,752]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">
One premolar from Sant Andreu de la Barca 1 is tentatively assigned to
<taxonomicName id="4C594D6BFFCAFF9EFC5FC1F02B5CFE44" authorityName="Engesser" authorityYear="1980" box="[942,1076,470,496]" class="Mammalia" family="Talpidae" genus="Desmanodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92DEAFAFFCAFF9EFC5FC1F02B5CFE44" box="[942,1076,470,496]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Desmanodon</emphasis>
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based on its high tip. The occlusal outline is teardrop-shaped, with the point directed backwards. The tip of this unicuspid lies in the front part of the premolar at about two thirds its length. It bears a sharp posterocrista and has a round anterior face. A narrow cingulum surrounds the tooth, being interrupted at the anterolabial flank of the paracone only. The cingulum is a bit thicker at the posterior end of the premolar.There are two plank-shaped roots of about equal size, which stand parallel to one another.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE636E8FFCAFF9EFCDCC3332C22FC9B" blockId="11.[811,1455,789,1039]" box="[813,842,789,815]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B92DEAFAFFCAFF9EFCDCC3332C22FC9B" box="[813,842,789,815]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">P4</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE636E8FFCAFF9EFCDCC3132BFDFBBA" blockId="11.[811,1455,789,1039]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">
The outline of the occlusal surface is triangular; the premolar is somewhat longer than wide. Both parastyle and protocone are small, the posterocrista is S-curved (Morphotype C sensu
<bibRefCitation id="EFC84B19FFCAFF9EFCDAC3B32B02FC1B" author="VAN DEN HOEK OSTENDE L. W." box="[811,1130,917,943]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" pagination="1 - 29" refId="ref23680" refString="VAN DEN HOEK OSTENDE L. W. 1989. - The Talpidae (Insectivora, Mammalia) of Eggingen-Mittelhart Baden-Wurttemberg, (F. R. G.) with special reference to the Paratalpa - Desmanodon lineage. Stuttgarter Beitrage zur Naturkunde, B 152: 1 - 29." type="journal article" year="1989">
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den Hoek Ostende 1989
</bibRefCitation>
). The paracone is high and its posterocrista is curved just behind its tip. The narrow cingulum is continuous on the lingual side, interrupted at the base of the paracone on the labial side.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE636E8FFCAFF9EFCDCC4122C3BFBFA" blockId="11.[811,1457,1076,1581]" box="[813,851,1076,1102]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B92DEAFAFFCAFF9EFCDCC4122C3BFBFA" box="[813,851,1076,1102]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">M1</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE636E8FFCAFF9EFCDCC4722AD8F999" blockId="11.[811,1457,1076,1581]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">
The labial cusps, and particularly the metacone, are very high. The occlusal surface is irregularly quadrangular, with a long lingual side. The posterior arm of the paracone is relatively straight. The posterior arm of the metacone is just somewhat longer than the anterior arm. The mesostyle is incompletely divided. There is a small, slightly protruding parastyle in the anterolabial corner of the molar. The low protocone lies in the anterolingual corner of the molar. Its short anterior arm ends against the base of the paracone. The posterior arm follows the contours of the outline lingually, and continues as the well-developed posterior cingulum. In one of the
<specimenCount id="9D5FFD61FFCAFF9EFA76C5B22CF2FA79" count="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" type="generic">two specimens</specimenCount>
from Turó de les Forques, a slight thickening in the posterior arm reveals the position of the hypocone. There is no protoconule. In one of the
<specimenCount id="9D5FFD61FFCAFF9EFB82C5D52A7AF9B9" box="[1139,1298,1523,1549]" count="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" type="generic">two specimens</specimenCount>
, there is a very short portion of lingual cingulum just behind the protocone.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE636E8FFCAFF9EFCDCC6742C3BF9D8" blockId="11.[811,1457,1618,1900]" box="[813,851,1618,1644]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B92DEAFAFFCAFF9EFCDCC6742C3BF9D8" box="[813,851,1618,1644]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">M2</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE636E8FFCAFF9EFCDCC6552A09F8DF" blockId="11.[811,1457,1618,1900]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">It is slightly asymmetrical due to the anterior position of the protocone and the small hypocone. There is no protoconule. The high labial cusps occupy about two thirds of the occlusal surface. The mesostyle is poorly divided. The small parastyle is slightly protruding; the metastyle is more developed as a labial thickening of the posterior cingulum. There are short stretches of cingulum along the anterior flank of the paracone and the posterior flank of the metacone, respectively.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE636E8FFCAFF9EFCDCC7B72C3BF81F" blockId="11.[811,1456,1937,2028]" box="[813,851,1937,1963]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B92DEAFAFFCAFF9EFCDCC7B72C3BF81F" box="[813,851,1937,1963]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">M3</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE636E8FFCAFF9EFCDCC7942AC5F85F" blockId="11.[811,1456,1937,2028]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">It has an incompletely divided mesostyle, with the two cusplets clearly separated in the unworn specimen from Sant Andreu</paragraph>
<caption id="DF266660FFCDFF99FF75C7B42AD9F853" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" startId="12.[132,143,1938,1955]" targetBox="[140,1447,215,1895]" targetPageId="12" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BE636E8FFCDFF99FF75C7B42AD9F853" blockId="12.[132,1457,1938,2023]" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">
<smallCapsWord id="8D00A034FFCDFF99FF75C7B42FF5F817" baselines="1951,1952" box="[132,157,1938,1955]" lowerCaseFontSize="5" mainFontSize="7" normCase="title" normString="Fig" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">FIG</smallCapsWord>
. 4. — Talpid and dimylids from the early Miocene of the Vallès-Penedès.
<taxonomicName id="4C594D6BFFCDFF99FCF7C7B42BDBF817" authority="Van den Hoek Ostende, 1997" authorityName="van den Hoek Ostende" authorityYear="1997" box="[774,1203,1938,1955]" class="Mammalia" family="Talpidae" genus="Desmanodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="daamsi">
<emphasis id="B92DEAFAFFCDFF99FCF7C7B42CDDF817" box="[774,949,1938,1955]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">Desmanodon daamsi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC84B19FFCDFF99FC4AC7B42BDBF817" author="VAN DEN HOEK OSTENDE L. W." box="[955,1203,1938,1955]" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" pagination="1 - 2" refId="ref23776" refString="VAN DEN HOEK OSTENDE L. W. 1997. - Insectivore faunas from the Lower Miocene of Anatolia. Part 4: The genus Desmanodon (Talpidae) with the description of a new species from the Lower Miocene of Spain. Proceedings of the Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen, vol. 100, 1 - 2: 27 - 65." type="journal article" year="1997">Van den Hoek Ostende, 1997</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="B92DEAFAFFCDFF99FB4CC7B42BB4F817" bold="true" box="[1213,1244,1938,1955]" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">A -F</emphasis>
).
<emphasis id="B92DEAFAFFCDFF99FB1DC7B42B91F817" bold="true" box="[1260,1273,1938,1955]" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">A</emphasis>
, IPS106596. P4 dext. (rev). TFR.
<emphasis id="B92DEAFAFFCDFF99FF2FC78F2F83F80E" bold="true" box="[222,235,1961,1978]" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">B</emphasis>
, IPS86816. M1 sin. TFR.
<emphasis id="B92DEAFAFFCDFF99FE4EC78F2EA5F80E" bold="true" box="[447,461,1961,1978]" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">C</emphasis>
, IPS86818. M2 dext. (rev). TFR.
<emphasis id="B92DEAFAFFCDFF99FD2DC78F2D82F80E" bold="true" box="[732,746,1961,1978]" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">D</emphasis>
, IPS86203. M3 sin. SAB-3.
<emphasis id="B92DEAFAFFCDFF99FC23C78F2CB6F80E" bold="true" box="[978,990,1961,1978]" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">E</emphasis>
, IPS86232. m2 dext. (rev). Palau 3B. (E1-ocl; E2-lab).
<emphasis id="B92DEAFAFFCDFF99FA6EC78F2AC2F80E" bold="true" box="[1439,1450,1961,1978]" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">F</emphasis>
, IPS86278.m3 sin.CMV-III.(F1-ocl;F2-lab).
<taxonomicName id="4C594D6BFFCDFF99FE1DC7E62D0CF865" box="[492,612,1984,2001]" class="Mammalia" family="Dimylidae" genus="Chainodus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Erinaceomorpha" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B92DEAFAFFCDFF99FE1DC7E62D2DF865" box="[492,581,1984,2001]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">Chainodus</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="B92DEAFAFFCDFF99FD9AC7E62D11F865" bold="true" box="[619,633,1984,2001]" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">G</emphasis>
).
<emphasis id="B92DEAFAFFCDFF99FD76C7E62DFDF865" bold="true" box="[647,661,1984,2001]" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">G</emphasis>
, IPS116324.m1+m2 dext.(rev).CB2.(G1-ocl; G2-lab).
<taxonomicName id="4C594D6BFFCDFF99FBAAC7E62B84F865" box="[1115,1260,1984,2001]" class="Mammalia" family="Dimylidae" genus="Plesiodimylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Erinaceomorpha" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B92DEAFAFFCDFF99FBAAC7E62BA5F865" box="[1115,1229,1984,2001]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">Plesiodimylus</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="B92DEAFAFFCDFF99FB02C7E62A7DF865" bold="true" box="[1267,1301,1984,2001]" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">H -K</emphasis>
).
<emphasis id="B92DEAFAFFCDFF99FAD5C7E62A5AF865" bold="true" box="[1316,1330,1984,2001]" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">H</emphasis>
, IPS86256.M2 dext. (rev).CMV-II.
<emphasis id="B92DEAFAFFCDFF99FED2C7F02E41F853" bold="true" box="[291,297,2006,2023]" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">I</emphasis>
, IPS85481. M2 dext. (rev). TFR.
<emphasis id="B92DEAFAFFCDFF99FDC2C7F02D55F853" bold="true" box="[563,573,2006,2023]" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">J</emphasis>
, IPS85668.m2 sin. CB2. (ocl).
<emphasis id="B92DEAFAFFCDFF99FCCDC7F02C21F853" bold="true" box="[828,841,2006,2023]" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">K</emphasis>
, IPS86185. mand. with c-m2 sin.SAB1.(K1-ocl; K2-lab). Scale bar:1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BE636E8FFCCFF98FF75C0F12EC7FE25" blockId="13.[131,777,215,401]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">de la Barca 3. The anterior arm of the protocone is only slightly longer than the posterior arm, and bends sharply at its end to form a protruding parastyle. There is a short stretch of cingulum between the parastyle and the anterior flank of the paracone. The hypocone is a small but distinct cusp, well isolated from the metacone.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE636E8FFCCFF98FF75C1912FCEFE65" blockId="13.[130,776,439,751]" box="[132,166,439,465]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="B92DEAFAFFCCFF98FF75C1912FCEFE65" box="[132,166,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">m2</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE636E8FFCCFF98FF75C1F02DD1FD5B" blockId="13.[130,776,439,751]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">
The specimen from El
<collectingCountry id="F34E7678FFCCFF98FE97C1F02EF5FE44" box="[358,413,470,496]" name="Palau" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">Palau</collectingCountry>
3B has been restored after breakage. The trigonid is somewhat narrower and clearly shorter than the talonid. The cuspids are very high. The oblique cristid ends against the posterior wall of the trigonid, just labially to the metaconid. The entocristid is high, and quickly slopes down. The cingulid is well developed on the anterior and posterior sides. The lingual cingulid cannot be assessed properly because of the damage, but is certainly narrower than the anterior and posterior cingulids. The entostylid protrudes sharply.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE636E8FFCCFF98FF75C3332FCFFC9B" blockId="13.[132,775,789,1006]" box="[132,167,789,815]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="B92DEAFAFFCCFF98FF75C3332FCFFC9B" box="[132,167,789,815]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">m3</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE636E8FFCCFF98FF75C3102C6FFC5A" blockId="13.[132,775,789,1006]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">It has a talonid which is only slightly reduced and somewhat shorter and narrower than the trigonid. The two arms of the protoconid form a narrow V-shape. The oblique cristid ends halfway the posterior wall of the trigonid. The entocristid is well developed. The anterior cingulid is narrow but distinct and rounds the paraconid, ending below the trigonid valley.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3436563FFCCFF98FF75C4132C6CF9F8" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BE636E8FFCCFF98FF75C4132F80FBF9" blockId="13.[130,778,1077,1613]" box="[132,232,1077,1103]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">
<smallCapsWord id="8D00A034FFCCFF98FF75C4132F80FBF9" baselines="1096,1096" box="[132,232,1077,1103]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Remarks" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">REMARKS</smallCapsWord>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE636E8FFCCFF98FF75C4722C6CF9F8" blockId="13.[130,778,1077,1613]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">
The early history of the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C594D6BFFCCFF98FE26C4722D36FBDA" authorityName="Engesser" authorityYear="1980" box="[471,606,1108,1134]" class="Mammalia" family="Talpidae" genus="Desmanodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92DEAFAFFCCFF98FE26C4722D36FBDA" box="[471,606,1108,1134]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">Desmanodon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
mirrors that of
<emphasis id="B92DEAFAFFCCFF98FF77C4522FBFFB3A" box="[134,215,1140,1166]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">
<taxonomicName id="4C594D6BFFCCFF98FF77C4522FBBFB3A" authorityName="Pomel" authorityYear="1848" box="[134,211,1140,1166]" class="Mammalia" family="Erinaceidae" genus="Galerix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Erinaceomorpha" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Galerix</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
This talpid also had its oldest known records in
<collectingCountry id="F34E7678FFCCFF98FD41C4522C6FFB3A" box="[688,775,1140,1166]" name="Turkey" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">Anatolia</collectingCountry>
and it purportedly dispersed into Europe around the MN2/ MN3 transition (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC84B19FFCCFF98FEC9C4922D0EFB7A" author="VAN DEN HOEK OSTENDE L. W." box="[312,614,1204,1230]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" pagination="1 - 2" refId="ref23776" refString="VAN DEN HOEK OSTENDE L. W. 1997. - Insectivore faunas from the Lower Miocene of Anatolia. Part 4: The genus Desmanodon (Talpidae) with the description of a new species from the Lower Miocene of Spain. Proceedings of the Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen, vol. 100, 1 - 2: 27 - 65." type="journal article" year="1997">
<collectingRegion id="499DF80AFFCCFF98FEC9C4922E0AFB7A" box="[312,354,1204,1230]" country="Turkey" name="Van" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">Van</collectingRegion>
den Hoek Ostende 1997
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC84B19FFCCFF98FD80C4922E3CFB5A" author="VAN DEN HOEK OSTENDE L. W. &amp; FURIO M. &amp; MADERN A. &amp; PRIETO J." pageId="13" pageNumber="12" pagination="813 - 823" refId="ref24280" refString="VAN DEN HOEK OSTENDE L. W., FURIO M., MADERN A. &amp; PRIETO J. 2016. - Enters the shrew, some considerations on the Miocene palaeobiogeography of Iberian insectivores. Comptes Rendus Palevol 15: 813 - 823. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. crpv. 2016.03.006" type="journal article" year="2016">
<collectingRegion id="499DF80AFFCCFF98FD80C4922DF3FB7A" box="[625,667,1204,1230]" country="Turkey" name="Van" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">Van</collectingRegion>
den Hoek Ostende
<emphasis id="B92DEAFAFFCCFF98FF14C4F22E7FFB5A" box="[229,279,1236,1262]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">et al.</emphasis>
2016
</bibRefCitation>
). The only species known so far from the Iberian Peninsula is
<taxonomicName id="4C594D6BFFCCFF98FEAFC4D22EA2FAB9" authorityName="van den Hoek Ostende" authorityYear="1997" box="[350,458,1267,1293]" class="Mammalia" family="Talpidae" genus="Desmanodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="daamsi">
<emphasis id="B92DEAFAFFCCFF98FEAFC4D22EA2FAB9" box="[350,458,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">D. daamsi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which is characterized by an incompletely divided mesostyle in the upper molars and poor hypocone development on the M1 and M2. In these characters, as well as in size, the material from the Vallès-Penedès fits well with the earlier described assemblages from the basins of Calatayud-Teruel, Rubielos de Mora, and Ribesalbes-Alcora (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC84B19FFCCFF98FF7CC5952ED6FA79" author="VAN DEN HOEK OSTENDE L. W." box="[141,446,1459,1485]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" pagination="1 - 2" refId="ref23776" refString="VAN DEN HOEK OSTENDE L. W. 1997. - Insectivore faunas from the Lower Miocene of Anatolia. Part 4: The genus Desmanodon (Talpidae) with the description of a new species from the Lower Miocene of Spain. Proceedings of the Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen, vol. 100, 1 - 2: 27 - 65." type="journal article" year="1997">
<collectingRegion id="499DF80AFFCCFF98FF7CC5952FDFFA79" box="[141,183,1459,1485]" country="Turkey" name="Van" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">Van</collectingRegion>
den Hoek Ostende 1997
</bibRefCitation>
, 2003;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC84B19FFCCFF98FDFDC5952DBAFA7A" author="HORDIJK K. &amp; BOSMA A. A. &amp; DE BRUIJN H. &amp; VAN DAM J. &amp; GERAEDTS C. &amp; VAN DEN HOEK OSTENDE L. W. &amp; REUMER J. W. W. &amp; WESSELS W." box="[524,722,1459,1486]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" pagination="321 - 346" refId="ref22043" refString="HORDIJK K., BOSMA A. A., DE BRUIJN H., VAN DAM J., GERAEDTS C., VAN DEN HOEK OSTENDE L. W., REUMER J. W. W. &amp; WESSELS W. 2015. - Biostratigraphic and paleoecologic implications of the small mammal assemblage from the late early Miocene of Montalvos 2, Teruel Basin, Spain. Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironment 95 (3): 321 - 346. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 12549 - 015 - 0203 - 2" type="journal article" year="2015">
Hordijk
<emphasis id="B92DEAFAFFCCFF98FD97C5922DFEFA79" box="[614,662,1459,1485]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">et al.</emphasis>
2015
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC84B19FFCCFF98FD2CC5952EDEFA59" author="VAN DEN HOEK OSTENDE L. W. &amp; ALVAREZ-SIERRA M. A. &amp; GARCIA-PAREDES I. &amp; MONTOYA P. &amp; RUIZ-SANCHEZ F. J. &amp; PELAEZ-CAMPOMANES P." pageId="13" pageNumber="12" pagination="127 - 175" refId="ref24340" refString="VAN DEN HOEK OSTENDE L. W., ALVAREZ-SIERRA M. A., GARCIA-PAREDES I., MONTOYA P., RUIZ-SANCHEZ F. J. &amp; PELAEZ-CAMPOMANES P. 2017. - Alto de Ballester, biogeographical consequences of atypical MN 3 micromammal assemblages from eastern Spain. Palaeontographica Abteilung, A 308: 127 - 175. https: // doi. org / 10.1127 / pala / 308 / 2017 / 127" type="journal article" year="2017">
<collectingRegion id="499DF80AFFCCFF98FD2CC5952C62FA79" box="[733,778,1459,1485]" country="Turkey" name="Van" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">Van</collectingRegion>
den Hoek Ostende
<emphasis id="B92DEAFAFFCCFF98FEBDC5F22E14FA59" box="[332,380,1491,1517]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">et al.</emphasis>
2017
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC84B19FFCCFF98FE30C5F52DA2FA59" author="CRESPO-ROURES V. D. &amp; MARQUINA-BLASCO R. &amp; MONTOYA P." box="[449,714,1491,1517]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" pagination="407 - 416" refId="ref20645" refString="CRESPO-ROURES V. D., MARQUINA-BLASCO R., RUIZ-SANCHEZ, F. J. &amp; MONTOYA P. 2019. - An unusual insectivore assemblage from the early Miocene of southwestern Europe: The talpids and dimylids from the Ribesalbes-Alcora Basin (Spain). Comptes Rendus Palevol 18: 407 - 416. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. crpv. 2019.03.003" type="journal article" year="2019">
Crespo-Roures
<emphasis id="B92DEAFAFFCCFF98FD90C5F22DF9FA59" box="[609,657,1491,1517]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">et al.</emphasis>
2019
</bibRefCitation>
). The most characteristic feature of the Iberian talpid, its relatively slender humerus, could not be ascertained for in the Vallès-Penedès assemblages as to date no humeri have been found.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<mods:namePart id="17532C130ACA1EBBC77055E0F9253A54">Van Den Hoek Ostende, Lars W.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="35820DAF2705880C5B7F6BB58A5D0958">Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Darwinweg 2, 2333 CR Leiden (The Netherlands) lars. vandenhoekostende @ naturalis. nl</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="FDEB4B7376EF8BA2A7EE48F15786860D" type="email">lars.vandenhoekostende@naturalis.nl</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="40F3C44704A2FBEEB71E996444A55F3D">Casanovas-Vilar, Isaac</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="B45521B722A20689A4B3AC19ECA7814C">Institut Català de Paleontologia Miquel Crusafont. Edifici Z, c / de les Columnes, Campus de la UAB, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona (Spain) isaac. casanovas @ icp. cat</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="BD2C8A3C6F6668BD60565D44E1C2722F" type="email">isaac.casanovas@icp.cat</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="192F9A8FCF8CCD90B6B6CF90D631FD2B">Furió, Marc</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="F4DD702BF0F15378F5D363902C7E6EA1">Institut Català de Paleontologia Miquel Crusafont. Edifici Z, c / de les Columnes, Campus de la UAB, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona (Spain) and Departament de Geologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (08193), Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona (Spain) marc. furio @ uab. cat marc. furio @ icp. cat (corresponding author)</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="B8780BAE3E215DDB7AD48B8659224380" type="email">marc.furio@uab.cat</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="6D27F266E7CCE49B83B1E9974E0F881D">Comptes Rendus Palevol</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="F1BF44DA24077ED4068007A088830A24">
<mods:date id="990F392AF38CC38567C4256B1AD6FD5B">2020</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="887B5AB397E5BA821123C0D7064DDB1D" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="7E1968F1F2471B34D463A28764F1F243">2020-07-22</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="0FC2E22FF604730E8D4D7B27780AA64C">19</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="AF44278607C42DCE4DCD9D69121A4D6E">http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2020v19a1</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="6B7D1F5D7915BCD2BE04F006A337022D">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="48D463FC1A795D2E73D9E27708DAA5F5" type="DOI">10.5852/cr-palevol2020v19a1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="4E286543D50C1617431BE32200FC9E47" type="ISSN">1777-571X</mods:identifier>
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<subSubSection id="C3436563FFCFFF9BFC74C6752A3FF9D8" box="[901,1367,1618,1645]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BE636E8FFCFFF9BFC74C6752A3FF9D8" blockId="14.[901,1367,1618,1645]" box="[901,1367,1618,1645]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">
<heading id="D0AE8184FFCFFF9BFC74C6752A3FF9D8" box="[901,1367,1618,1645]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="4C594D6BFFCFFF9BFC74C6752A3FF9D8" authority="(Schlosser, 1887)" baseAuthorityName="Schlosser" baseAuthorityYear="1887" box="[901,1367,1618,1645]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Heterosorex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="neumayrianus">
<emphasis id="B92DEAFAFFCFFF9BFC74C6752BF5F9D8" bold="true" box="[901,1181,1618,1645]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">Heterosorex neumayrianus</emphasis>
(Schlosser, 1887)
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3436563FFCFFF9BFBC1C6542BC4F938" box="[1072,1196,1650,1677]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BE636E8FFCFFF9BFBC1C6542BC4F938" blockId="14.[1072,1196,1650,1677]" box="[1072,1196,1650,1677]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">
(
<figureCitation id="13622A6DFFCFFF9BFBC8C6542B1DF939" box="[1081,1141,1650,1677]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="16.[132,143,1872,1889]" captionTargetBox="[165,1422,214,1829]" captionTargetId="figure-252@16.[703,1243,783,1355]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIG. 5. — Heterosoricid and soricids from the early Miocene of the Vallès-Penedès:Heterosorex neumayrianus Schlosser,1887 (A-G). A, IPS86252.Ax sin. CMV-I. B, IPS21023. P4 dext. (rev). CMV-II.C, IPS21025. M1+M2 dext.(rev). CMV-I. D, IPS86241. M2+M3 sin. CMV-I. E, IPS86251. ax sin. CMV-I. (ocl). F, IPS86254. i1 sin.CMV-I.(lab).G, IPS86244.m1-m3 sin. CMV-I.(G1-ocl; G2-lab).cf.Clapasorex alvarezae (H). H, IPS86819.m1 dext. (rev).TFR.(H1-ocl; H2-lab).cf.Oligosorex thauensis (I). I, IPS86866.m2 sin. VdP. (a-ocl; b-lab). Miosorex sp.(J-M). J, IPS86865. I1 sin. VdP. (lab). K, IPS86242.M1 sin.CMV-I.L, IPS86263.m1 sin. CMV-II. (L1-ocl; L2-lab).M, IPS90090.m3 sin.CMV-III.(M1-ocl; M2-lab).cf. Florinia (N-O). N, IPS86186.m1+m2 dext.(rev).SAB1.(N1-ocl; N2-lab).O, IPS85665.P4 dext. (rev) CB2. Paenelimnoecus (P-R). P, IPS86422. P4 sin. EPapiol. Q, IPS86425. m1 sin. EPapiol. (Q1-ocl; Q2-lab). R, IPS86242. m2 dext. (rev). EPapiol. (R1-ocl; R2-lab). Soricinae indet. (S-U). S, IPS85553. I1 sin. EC. (lab). T, IPS85554. i1 sin. EC. (lab). U, IPS85551. mand a1-m1 sin. EC. (U1-ocl; U2-lab). Scale bar: 1 mm." pageId="14" pageNumber="13">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
A-G)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3436563FFCFFF9AFCDCC6962D56FE8A" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BE636E8FFCFFF9AFCDCC6962D56FE8A" blockId="14.[811,1457,1712,2027]" lastBlockId="15.[130,775,215,319]" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">
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(in cm) —
<emphasis id="B92DEAFAFFCFFF9BFB23C6972A61F97D" bold="true" box="[1234,1289,1713,1737]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">
<collectingCountry id="F34E7678FFCFFF9BFB23C6972A61F97D" box="[1234,1289,1713,1737]" name="Spain" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">Spain</collectingCountry>
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.Can Julià, 1 M1 sin., IPS21034, 1.65 × –; 1 M2 dext., IPS86235, 1.49 × –; 1 M2 sin., IPS86236, 1.48 × –; Can Martí Vell III, 1 i1 dext. fragmented, IPS90036; Can Martí Vell II, 1 P4 dext., IPS21023, 1.52 × 1.45; 1 M1 sin., IPS86257, 1.60 × 1.86;
<quantity id="4CA19B0DFFCFFF9BFB93C73C2BE4F886" box="[1122,1164,1818,1842]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" unit="m" value="1.0">1 m</quantity>
1 dext., IPS86259, 1.95 × 1.29; Can Martí Vell I, 1 Ax sin., IPS86252, 1.10 × 0.89; 1 maxillary with M1 + M2 dext., IPS21025, 1.60 × 1.79, 1.38 × 1.71; 1 maxillary with M2 + M3 sin., IPS86241, 1.45 × 1.82, 0.83 × 1.27; 2 ax dext., IPS86249-50, 1.26 × 1.01; 1.19 × 0.92; 1 ax sin., IPS86251, 1.25 × 1.01; 1 i1 sin., IPS86254,&gt; 4.75; 1 i1 dext (IPS86255,&gt; 5.06), 2 mandibles with m1-m3 sin. (IPS86244-45, 2.08 × 1.30, 1.68 × 1.21, 1.30 × 0.98; 2.15 × 1.18, 1.74 × 1.15, 1.36 × 0.97; 1 mandible with m2, m3 dext., IPS86246, 1.63 × 1.28, 1.29 × 0.96; Cases de la Valenciana 1, 1 M1 dext., IPS86826, 1.67 × 1.93; ax, IPS86600, 1.22 × 1.00; Costablanca 2, 1 maxillary with M1 + M2 sin., IPS85666, 1.64 × 1.84; 1.54 × –; 1 M3 sin., IPS85667, 0.88 × –.
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C3436563FFCEFF84FF75C1512EDDFEA5" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="15" pageNumber="14" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BE636E8FFCEFF9AFF75C1512E79FE3B" blockId="15.[130,777,375,816]" box="[132,273,375,401]" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">
<smallCapsWord id="8D00A034FFCEFF9AFF75C1512E79FE3B" baselines="394,394" box="[132,273,375,401]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Description" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">DESCRIPTION</smallCapsWord>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE636E8FFCEFF9AFF75C1B12FFDFE05" blockId="15.[130,777,375,816]" box="[132,149,407,433]" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B92DEAFAFFCEFF9AFF75C1B12FFDFE05" box="[132,149,407,433]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">A</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE636E8FFCEFF9AFF75C1902D4DFC84" blockId="15.[130,777,375,816]" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">The occlusal outline looks like an irregular pentagon. The labial, the posterior and the lingual margins are sub-equal in length, the anterolabial and anterolingual sides being somewhat shorter. The labial margin is parallel to the lingual side, but it occupies a more posterior position. The main cusp occupies an advanced (anterior) position but at similar distance to both lingual and labial sides. A central ridge runs from the anterior tip of the tooth to the central point of the posterior cingulum. The posterior margin is oblique to the central crest and its base is occupied by a cingulum which extends further to both labial and lingual margins. There is a faint connection between the main cusp and the anterolingual corner.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE636E8FFCEFF9AFF75C3732FC9FCDB" blockId="15.[130,777,853,1134]" box="[132,161,853,879]" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B92DEAFAFFCEFF9AFF75C3732FC9FCDB" box="[132,161,853,879]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">P4</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE636E8FFCEFF9AFF75C3532EE8FBDA" blockId="15.[130,777,853,1134]" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">The occlusal outline is not completely triangular because the base of the protocone, at the anterolingual part, protrudes a little bit and makes it more squared. The paracone is the highest cusp and it bears an undulated posterior crest in occlusal view. The posterior margin is rather straight, with no emargination, and covered by a broad cingulum which extends lingually till the protocone. The protocone is only discernible as a small bulge. The hypocone is absent.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE636E8FFCEFF9AFF75C4B22FC2FB1A" blockId="15.[130,777,1172,1644]" box="[132,170,1172,1198]" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B92DEAFAFFCEFF9AFF75C4B22FC2FB1A" box="[132,170,1172,1198]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">M1</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE636E8FFCEFF9AFF75C4922E19F9D8" blockId="15.[130,777,1172,1644]" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">The occlusal outline is square. The ectoloph is asymmetric, the anterior part (related to paracone) being shorter than the posterior one (related to the metacone). The mesostyle is only faintly divided. The posterior margin is bordered by a continuous ridge extended from the metastyle to the hypocone. The hypocone is only discernible as a small but sharp elevation in the posterior part of the endoloph. The protocone is placed at the anterolingual corner of the tooth. The anterior arm of the protocone is completely straight in labiolingual direction and connects with the base of the paracone.The posterior arm of the protocone forms the endoloph, running almost parallel to the lingual border, connecting with the hypocone. The metaloph is indicated as a very weak side branch, running towards, the base of the metaconid.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE636E8FFCEFF9AFF75C6B42FC2F918" blockId="15.[132,777,1682,2028]" box="[132,170,1682,1708]" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B92DEAFAFFCEFF9AFF75C6B42FC2F918" box="[132,170,1682,1708]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">M2</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE636E8FFCEFF9AFF75C6942CB6FEA6" blockId="15.[132,777,1682,2028]" lastBlockId="15.[813,1456,215,274]" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">The occlusal outline is less squared than the M1, with a posterior margin shorter than the anterior one. Paradoxically, the ectoloph is more symmetrical than in M1. The mesostyle is also faintly divided. However, this character is already not discernible in specimens with just worn ectoloph. The endoloph is more regular and continuous than in M1. The endoloph is a single element from the base of the paracone which elevates at the protocone and descends regularly with smooth curves down to the hypoconal flange, where it becomes a posterior cingulum ending at the posterolabial corner. There is no evidence of a metaloph connecting the protocone and the base of the metacone.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE636E8FFCEFF9AFCDCC1112C3BFEE5" blockId="15.[811,1456,311,529]" box="[813,851,311,337]" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B92DEAFAFFCEFF9AFCDCC1112C3BFEE5" box="[813,851,311,337]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">M3</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE636E8FFCEFF9AFCDCC1712A1FFDA5" blockId="15.[811,1456,311,529]" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">The occlusal outline is rather triangular, but the posterior corner is rounded. The ectoloph is reduced to a ‘V-shaped’ crest. The mesostyle is divided, so this crest related to the paracone is separated from the posterolingual ‘U-shaped’ crest connecting the protocone and the purported metacone. There is no crest connecting the base of the paracone with the protocone.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE636E8FFCEFF9AFCDDC2102C29FDE4" blockId="15.[810,1456,566,688]" box="[812,833,566,592]" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B92DEAFAFFCEFF9AFCDDC2102C29FDE4" box="[812,833,566,592]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">i1</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE636E8FFCEFF9AFCDCC2702A7BFD04" blockId="15.[810,1456,566,688]" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">The labial and occlusal surfaces connect in an undulated crest with two cuspules.The apex is pointed.The enamel is somewhat wrinkled at the posterior part of the labial face.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE636E8FFCEFF9AFCDCC2F02C51FD5B" blockId="15.[810,1457,726,1103]" box="[813,825,726,751]" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B92DEAFAFFCEFF9AFCDCC2F02C51FD5B" box="[813,825,726,751]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">a</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE636E8FFCEFF9AFCDCC2D32A76FBFA" blockId="15.[810,1457,726,1103]" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">The occlusal outline is heart-shaped with a slight asymmetry, the labial side being a bit longer than the lingual one.The two lateral (labial and lingual) margins are convex, whereas the posterior face is concave. The main cusp occupies an anterior position. An anterior crest descends abruptly to the anterior tip of the tooth. The two posterior arms connect with the posterolingual and the posterolabial corners respectively, thus delimiting a postero-occlusal concave surface, purportedly for the accommodation of the base of the posterior tooth in a ‘piggy-back’ disposal. In Can Martí Vell I, the specimen IPS86250 is similar in size to IPS86251 but smaller than IPS86249.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE636E8FFCEFF9AFCDDC4522C26FB3A" blockId="15.[810,1457,1140,1612]" box="[812,846,1140,1166]" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B92DEAFAFFCEFF9AFCDDC4522C26FB3A" box="[812,846,1140,1166]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">m1</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE636E8FFCEFF9AFCDCC4B22B1FF9F8" blockId="15.[810,1457,1140,1612]" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">The trigonid is longer but narrower than the talonid. The protocone is the highest cusp. The paralophid is straight in occlusal view but concave in labial view, and so is the protolophid. However, the paralophid is longer than the protolophid. The metaconid is a bit lower than the protoconid and it connects with the entocristid by means of a metacristid. Thus, the talonid valley is closed, whereas the trigonid valley is completely open at its lingual side. Entoconid and entostylid are fused, and only a faint notch separating both is discernible. The oblique cristid ends anteriorly at the center of the posterior face of the trigonid. However, the reentrant valley is covered by a labial flange so the basal cingulid is quite straight from the paraconid to the posterolabial corner. There is no cingulid covering the base of the lingual margin of the tooth.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE636E8FFCEFF9AFCDDC6542C26F938" blockId="15.[811,1458,1650,1804]" box="[812,846,1650,1676]" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B92DEAFAFFCEFF9AFCDDC6542C26F938" box="[812,846,1650,1676]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">m2</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE636E8FFCEFF9AFCDCC6B42AC6F8B8" blockId="15.[811,1458,1650,1804]" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">The trigonid and the talonid are similar in both length and width, with a subrectangular occlusal outline. In this case, both paralophid and protolophid are subequal in length.Other than that, the morphological pattern of the m2 follows that of the m1.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE636E8FFCEFF9AFCDBC7142C24F8F8" blockId="15.[810,1456,1842,2028]" box="[810,844,1842,1868]" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B92DEAFAFFCEFF9AFCDBC7142C24F8F8" box="[810,844,1842,1868]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">m3</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE636E8FFCEFF84FCDCC7772EDDFEA5" blockId="15.[810,1456,1842,2028]" lastBlockId="17.[132,775,215,274]" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">The trigonid is much longer and wider than the talonid. Contrary to m1 and m2, the metaconid does not bear a metacristid. Nor is there a well-developed entocristid. The talonid is quite reduced, although it still preserves an inner basin. In the talonid the hypoconid is the only discernible cuspid as such. The basal cingulid covers the labial side of the tooth from the paraconid to the base of the hypoconid.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<paragraph id="8BE636E8FFD1FF85FF75C7762AD9F85D" blockId="16.[132,1457,1872,2025]" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">
<smallCapsWord id="8D00A034FFD1FF85FF75C7762FF5F8D4" baselines="1885,1885" box="[132,157,1872,1889]" lowerCaseFontSize="5" mainFontSize="7" normCase="title" normString="Fig" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">FIG</smallCapsWord>
. 5. — Heterosoricid and soricids from the early Miocene of the Vallès-Penedès:
<taxonomicName id="4C594D6BFFD1FF85FCDAC7762BF9F8D5" authority="Schlosser, 1887" authorityName="Schlosser" authorityYear="1887" box="[811,1169,1872,1889]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Heterosorex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="16" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="neumayrianus">
<emphasis id="B92DEAFAFFD1FF85FCDAC7762B60F8D5" box="[811,1032,1872,1889]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">Heterosorex neumayrianus</emphasis>
Schlosser,1887
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="B92DEAFAFFD1FF85FB6BC7762BD4F8D5" bold="true" box="[1178,1212,1872,1889]" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">A -G</emphasis>
).
<emphasis id="B92DEAFAFFD1FF85FB3BC7762BBFF8D5" bold="true" box="[1226,1239,1872,1889]" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">A</emphasis>
, IPS86252.Ax sin. CMV-I.
<emphasis id="B92DEAFAFFD1FF85FF75C7412FF9F8CC" bold="true" box="[132,145,1895,1912]" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">B</emphasis>
, IPS21023. P4 dext. (rev). CMV-II.
<emphasis id="B92DEAFAFFD1FF85FE41C7412ED6F8CC" bold="true" box="[432,446,1895,1912]" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">C</emphasis>
, IPS21025. M1+M2 dext.(rev). CMV-I.
<emphasis id="B92DEAFAFFD1FF85FCF2C7412C79F8CC" bold="true" box="[771,785,1895,1912]" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">D</emphasis>
, IPS86241. M2+M3 sin. CMV-I.
<emphasis id="B92DEAFAFFD1FF85FBEAC7412B4FF8CC" bold="true" box="[1051,1063,1895,1912]" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">E</emphasis>
, IPS86251. ax sin. CMV-I. (ocl).
<emphasis id="B92DEAFAFFD1FF85FAC0C7412A54F8CC" bold="true" box="[1329,1340,1895,1912]" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">F</emphasis>
, IPS86254. i1 sin.CMV-I.(lab).
<emphasis id="B92DEAFAFFD1FF85FEE1C75B2E76F83A" bold="true" box="[272,286,1917,1934]" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">G</emphasis>
, IPS86244.m1-m3 sin. CMV-I.(G1-ocl; G2-lab).cf.
<taxonomicName id="4C594D6BFFD1FF85FD39C75B2C1EF83A" authorityName="Van den Hoek Ostende" authorityYear="2003" box="[712,886,1917,1934]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Clapasorex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="16" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alvarezae">
<emphasis id="B92DEAFAFFD1FF85FD39C75B2C1EF83A" box="[712,886,1917,1934]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">Clapasorex alvarezae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="B92DEAFAFFD1FF85FC8EC75B2CE5F83A" bold="true" box="[895,909,1917,1934]" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">H</emphasis>
).
<emphasis id="B92DEAFAFFD1FF85FC6AC75B2CC1F83A" bold="true" box="[923,937,1917,1934]" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">H</emphasis>
, IPS86819.m1 dext. (rev).TFR.(H1-ocl; H2-lab).cf.
<taxonomicName id="4C594D6BFFD1FF85FAA7C75B2FBBF811" baseAuthorityName="Crochet" baseAuthorityYear="1975" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Oligosorex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="16" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="thauensis">
<emphasis id="B92DEAFAFFD1FF85FAA7C75B2FBBF811" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">Oligosorex thauensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="B92DEAFAFFD1FF85FF2DC7B22F8AF811" bold="true" box="[220,226,1940,1957]" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">I</emphasis>
).
<emphasis id="B92DEAFAFFD1FF85FF01C7B22F9EF811" bold="true" box="[240,246,1940,1957]" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">I</emphasis>
, IPS86866.m2 sin. VdP. (a-ocl; b-lab).
<taxonomicName id="4C594D6BFFD1FF85FDC7C7B22DC9F811" box="[566,673,1940,1957]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Miosorex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="16" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B92DEAFAFFD1FF85FDC7C7B22DEAF811" box="[566,642,1940,1957]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">Miosorex</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="B92DEAFAFFD1FF85FD59C7B22DA3F811" bold="true" box="[680,715,1940,1957]" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">J -M</emphasis>
).
<emphasis id="B92DEAFAFFD1FF85FD28C7B22D8BF811" bold="true" box="[729,739,1940,1957]" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">J</emphasis>
, IPS86865. I1 sin. VdP. (lab).
<emphasis id="B92DEAFAFFD1FF85FC22C7B22C88F811" bold="true" box="[979,992,1940,1957]" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">K</emphasis>
, IPS86242.M1 sin.CMV-I.
<emphasis id="B92DEAFAFFD1FF85FB33C7B22BA5F811" bold="true" box="[1218,1229,1940,1957]" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">L</emphasis>
, IPS86263.m1 sin. CMV-II. (L1-ocl; L2-lab).
<emphasis id="B92DEAFAFFD1FF85FEFBC78D2E73F808" bold="true" box="[266,283,1963,1980]" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">M</emphasis>
, IPS90090.m3 sin.CMV-III.(M1-ocl; M2-lab).cf.
<taxonomicName id="4C594D6BFFD1FF85FD41C78D2D84F808" authorityName="Ziegler" authorityYear="1989" box="[688,748,1963,1980]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Florinia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="16" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92DEAFAFFD1FF85FD41C78D2D84F808" box="[688,748,1963,1980]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">Florinia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="B92DEAFAFFD1FF85FD04C78D2C71F808" bold="true" box="[757,793,1963,1980]" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">N -O</emphasis>
).
<emphasis id="B92DEAFAFFD1FF85FCD7C78D2C5CF808" bold="true" box="[806,820,1963,1980]" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">N</emphasis>
, IPS86186.m1+m2 dext.(rev).SAB1.(N1-ocl; N2-lab).
<emphasis id="B92DEAFAFFD1FF85FB08C78D2A60F808" bold="true" box="[1273,1288,1963,1980]" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">O</emphasis>
, IPS85665.P4 dext. (rev) CB2.
<taxonomicName id="4C594D6BFFD1FF85FF2CC7E72E0EF866" authorityName="Baudelot" authorityYear="1972" box="[221,358,1985,2002]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Paenelimnoecus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="16" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92DEAFAFFD1FF85FF2CC7E72E0EF866" box="[221,358,1985,2002]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">Paenelimnoecus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="B92DEAFAFFD1FF85FE81C7E72EF9F866" bold="true" box="[368,401,1985,2002]" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">P -R</emphasis>
).
<emphasis id="B92DEAFAFFD1FF85FE50C7E72EC5F866" bold="true" box="[417,429,1985,2002]" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">P</emphasis>
, IPS86422. P4 sin. EPapiol.
<emphasis id="B92DEAFAFFD1FF85FD6FC7E72DC5F866" bold="true" box="[670,685,1985,2002]" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">Q</emphasis>
, IPS86425. m1 sin. EPapiol. (Q1-ocl; Q2-lab).
<emphasis id="B92DEAFAFFD1FF85FBC0C7E72B56F866" bold="true" box="[1073,1086,1985,2002]" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">R</emphasis>
, IPS86242. m2 dext. (rev). EPapiol. (R1-ocl; R2-lab).
<taxonomicName id="4C594D6BFFD1FF85FF3AC7FE2E71F85D" authorityName="Fischer" authorityYear="1814" box="[203,281,2008,2025]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="16" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Soricinae">Soricinae</taxonomicName>
indet. (
<emphasis id="B92DEAFAFFD1FF85FEA4C7FE2E1FF85D" bold="true" box="[341,375,2008,2025]" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">S -U</emphasis>
).
<emphasis id="B92DEAFAFFD1FF85FE74C7FE2EF9F85D" bold="true" box="[389,401,2008,2025]" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">S</emphasis>
, IPS85553. I1 sin. EC. (lab).
<emphasis id="B92DEAFAFFD1FF85FD8AC7FE2DEEF85D" bold="true" box="[635,646,2008,2025]" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">T</emphasis>
, IPS85554. i1 sin. EC. (lab).
<emphasis id="B92DEAFAFFD1FF85FC9EC7FE2C15F85D" bold="true" box="[879,893,2008,2025]" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">U</emphasis>
, IPS85551. mand a1-m1 sin. EC. (U1-ocl; U2-lab). Scale bar: 1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C3436563FFD0FF84FF75C1112EF7FAB9" pageId="17" pageNumber="16" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BE636E8FFD0FF84FF75C1112F8FFEFB" blockId="17.[130,777,311,1293]" box="[132,231,311,337]" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">
<smallCapsWord id="8D00A034FFD0FF84FF75C1112F8FFEFB" baselines="330,330" box="[132,231,311,337]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Remarks" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">REMARKS</smallCapsWord>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE636E8FFD0FF84FF75C1712EA1FDA4" blockId="17.[130,777,311,1293]" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">
Jovells-Vaqué
<emphasis id="B92DEAFAFFD0FF84FEE6C17E2E22FEC5" box="[279,330,343,369]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">et al.</emphasis>
(2018) already noted the presence of
<taxonomicName id="4C594D6BFFD0FF84FD28C17E2D7BFE25" authority="Schlosser, 1887" authorityName="Schlosser" authorityYear="1887" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Heterosorex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="17" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="neumayrianus">
<emphasis id="B92DEAFAFFD0FF84FD28C17E2E0FFE24" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">Heterosorex neumayrianus</emphasis>
Schlosser,
<quantity id="4CA19B0DFFD0FF84FE2DC1512D7BFE25" box="[476,531,375,401]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.79298" pageId="17" pageNumber="16" unit="in" value="1887.0">1887</quantity>
</taxonomicName>
in the early Aragonian locality of Las Cases de la Valenciana. As it turns out, this heterosoricid is a quite common element in the early Miocene insectivore faunas of the Vallès-Penedès, particularly in the Aragonian part of the sections.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE636E8FFD0FF84FF6AC2302EF7FAB9" blockId="17.[130,777,311,1293]" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">
Whereas the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C594D6BFFD0FF84FE93C2312EBDFD84" authorityName="Gaillard" authorityYear="1915" box="[354,469,535,560]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Heterosorex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="17" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92DEAFAFFD0FF84FE93C2312EBDFD84" box="[354,469,535,560]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">Heterosorex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a very common element in central European assemblages (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC84B19FFD0FF84FE37C2102DFDFDE4" author="DOBEN-FLORIN U." box="[454,661,566,592]" pageId="17" pageNumber="16" pagination="1 - 82" refId="ref21054" refString="DOBEN-FLORIN U. 1964. - Die Spitzmause aus dem Altburdigalium von Wintershof-West bei Eichstatt in Bayern. Abhandlungen der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, mathematisch naturwissenschaftliche Klasse (Neue Folge) 117: 1 - 82." type="journal article" year="1964">Doben-Florin 1964</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC84B19FFD0FF84FD50C2102E59FDC4" author="ZIEGLER R. &amp; FAHLBUSCH V." pageId="17" pageNumber="16" pagination="3 - 58" refId="ref24965" refString="ZIEGLER R. &amp; FAHLBUSCH V. 1986. - Kleinsauger-Faunen aus der basalen Oberen Susswasser-Molasse Niederbayerns. Zitteliana 14: 3 - 58. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 29470764" type="book chapter" year="1986">Ziegler &amp; Fahlbusch 1986</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC84B19FFD0FF84FEB0C2702EA4FDC4" author="ZIEGLER R." box="[321,460,598,624]" pageId="17" pageNumber="16" pagination="1 - 73" refId="ref24546" refString="ZIEGLER R. 1989. - Heterosoricidae und Soricidae (Insectivora, Mammalia) aus dem Oberoligozan und Untermiozan Suddeutschlands. Stuttgarter Beitrage zur Naturkunde, Serie B (Geologie und Palaontologie) 154: 1 - 73. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 30059591" type="journal article" year="1989">Ziegler 1989</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC84B19FFD0FF84FE2AC2702DBEFDC4" author="KLIETMANN J. &amp; NAGEL D. &amp; RUMMEL M. &amp; VAN DEN HOEK OSTENDE L. W." box="[475,726,598,624]" pageId="17" pageNumber="16" pagination="157 - 181" refId="ref22680" refString="KLIETMANN J., NAGEL D., RUMMEL M. &amp; VAN DEN HOEK OSTENDE L. W. 2014 c. - Heterosorex and Soricidae (Eulipotyphla, Mammalia) of the fissure Petersbuch 28; micro-evolution as indicator of temporal mixing? Comptes Rendus Palevol 13 (3): 157 - 181. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 12549 - 013 - 0137 - 5" type="journal article" year="2014">
Klietmann
<emphasis id="B92DEAFAFFD0FF84FDA7C2712DE3FDC4" box="[598,651,598,624]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">et al.</emphasis>
2014c
</bibRefCitation>
), its occurrence in the Iberian Peninsula is far more restricted. It appears near the start of the Ramblian in the localities of Cetina de
<collectingRegion id="499DF80AFFD0FF84FF50C2902F86FD64" box="[161,238,694,720]" country="Spain" name="Aragon" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">Aragon</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFC84B19FFD0FF84FF0FC2902DE4FD64" author="VAN DEN HOEK OSTENDE L. W. &amp; FURIO M." box="[254,652,693,720]" pageId="17" pageNumber="16" pagination="149 - 284" refId="ref24139" refString="VAN DEN HOEK OSTENDE L. W. &amp; FURIO M. 2005. - The Fossil Record of the Eurasian Neogene Insectivores (Erinaceomorpha, Soricomorpha, Mammalia) Part I., in VAN DEN HOEK OSTENDE L. W., DOUKAS C. S. &amp; REUMER J. W. F. (eds). Scripta Geologica Special Issue 5: 149 - 284. https: // www. repository. naturalis. nl / record / 317336" type="book chapter" year="2005">
<collectingRegion id="499DF80AFFD0FF84FF0FC2902E40FD64" box="[254,296,694,720]" country="Turkey" name="Van" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">Van</collectingRegion>
den Hoek Ostende &amp; Furió 2005
</bibRefCitation>
), Navarrete de Rio (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC84B19FFD0FF84FF2BC2F32E03FD44" author="ADROVER R." box="[218,363,725,752]" pageId="17" pageNumber="16" pagination="176 - 177" refId="ref19484" refString="ADROVER R. 1972. - Yacimiento de micromamiferos en Navarrete del Rio (provincia de Teruel, Espana) (Nota preliminar). Acta Geologica Hispanica 6: 176 - 177." type="journal article" year="1972">Adrover 1972</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFC84B19FFD0FF84FE88C2F32ED8FD44" author="ADROVER R." box="[377,432,725,752]" pageId="17" pageNumber="16" pagination="31 - 48" refId="ref19518" refString="ADROVER R. 1975. - Principales yacimientos paleomastologicos de la provincia de Teruel y su posicion estratigrafica relativa, in TERESA A. M. &amp; AQUIRRE A. E. (eds), in Actas I Coloquio internacional sobre biostratigrafia continental del Neogeno superior y Cuaternario inferior, Trabajos sobre Neogeno-Cuaternario 4: 31 - 48." type="journal article" year="1975">1975</bibRefCitation>
) and Ramblar 1 (
<collectingRegion id="499DF80AFFD0FF84FD9CC2F02DFFFD44" box="[621,663,726,752]" country="Turkey" name="Van" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">Van</collectingRegion>
den Hoek Ostende 2003). It is also present in the Ramblian localities of Alto de Ballester (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC84B19FFD0FF84FE90C3302DB0FC9B" author="VAN DEN HOEK OSTENDE L. W. &amp; ALVAREZ-SIERRA M. A. &amp; GARCIA-PAREDES I. &amp; MONTOYA P. &amp; RUIZ-SANCHEZ F. J. &amp; PELAEZ-CAMPOMANES P." box="[353,728,789,816]" pageId="17" pageNumber="16" pagination="127 - 175" refId="ref24340" refString="VAN DEN HOEK OSTENDE L. W., ALVAREZ-SIERRA M. A., GARCIA-PAREDES I., MONTOYA P., RUIZ-SANCHEZ F. J. &amp; PELAEZ-CAMPOMANES P. 2017. - Alto de Ballester, biogeographical consequences of atypical MN 3 micromammal assemblages from eastern Spain. Palaeontographica Abteilung, A 308: 127 - 175. https: // doi. org / 10.1127 / pala / 308 / 2017 / 127" type="journal article" year="2017">
<collectingRegion id="499DF80AFFD0FF84FE90C3302EE3FC84" box="[353,395,790,816]" country="Turkey" name="Van" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">Van</collectingRegion>
den Hoek Ostende
<emphasis id="B92DEAFAFFD0FF84FD97C3302DF2FC9B" box="[614,666,789,815]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">et al.</emphasis>
2017
</bibRefCitation>
). In the Aragonian, scattered occurrences have been reported from O’Donell (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC84B19FFD0FF84FF0EC3702DC3FCC4" author="VAN DEN HOEK OSTENDE L. W. &amp; FURIO M." box="[255,683,853,880]" pageId="17" pageNumber="16" pagination="149 - 284" refId="ref24139" refString="VAN DEN HOEK OSTENDE L. W. &amp; FURIO M. 2005. - The Fossil Record of the Eurasian Neogene Insectivores (Erinaceomorpha, Soricomorpha, Mammalia) Part I., in VAN DEN HOEK OSTENDE L. W., DOUKAS C. S. &amp; REUMER J. W. F. (eds). Scripta Geologica Special Issue 5: 149 - 284. https: // www. repository. naturalis. nl / record / 317336" type="book chapter" year="2005">
<collectingRegion id="499DF80AFFD0FF84FF0EC3702E42FCC4" box="[255,298,854,880]" country="Turkey" name="Van" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">Van</collectingRegion>
den Hoek Ostende &amp; Furió 2005
</bibRefCitation>
), Buñol (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC84B19FFD0FF84FF7CC3532E38FC3B" author="ROBLES F. &amp; BELINCHON M. &amp; GARCIA-FLOR J. &amp; MORALES J." box="[141,336,885,911]" pageId="17" pageNumber="16" pagination="205 - 215" refId="ref23152" refString="ROBLES F., BELINCHON M., GARCIA-FLOR J. &amp; MORALES J. 1991. - El Neogeno continental de Bunol y del Valle del Rio Cabriel in DE RENZI M. et al. MARQUEZ-ALIAGA A. &amp; USERA J. (eds), Jornadas de Paleontologia: El Estudio de la Forma Organica y sus Consecuencias en Paleontologia Sistematica, Paleoecologia y Paleontologia Evolutiva. Revista Espanola de Paleontologia, Numero Extraordinario: 205 - 215." type="book chapter" year="1991">
Robles
<emphasis id="B92DEAFAFFD0FF84FF2CC3502E79FC3B" box="[221,273,885,911]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">et al.</emphasis>
1991
</bibRefCitation>
), Mas Antolino (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC84B19FFD0FF84FDFEC3532DA7FC3B" author="AGUSTI J. &amp; ANADON P. &amp; GINSBURG L. &amp; MEIN P. &amp; MOISSENET E." box="[527,719,885,911]" pageId="17" pageNumber="16" pagination="83 - 101" refId="ref19696" refString="AGUSTI J., ANADON P., GINSBURG L., MEIN P. &amp; MOISSENET E. 1988. - Araya et Mira: nouveaux gisements de Mammiferes dans le Miocene inferieur-moyen des Chaines Iberiques orientales et mediterraneennes. Consequences stratigraphiques et structurales. Paleontologia i Evolucio 22: 83 - 101." type="journal article" year="1988">
Agustí
<emphasis id="B92DEAFAFFD0FF84FDADC3502DF8FC3B" box="[604,656,885,911]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">et al.</emphasis>
1988
</bibRefCitation>
),and Montalvos 2(
<bibRefCitation id="EFC84B19FFD0FF84FEFCC3B32EA0FC04" author="HORDIJK K. &amp; BOSMA A. A. &amp; DE BRUIJN H. &amp; VAN DAM J. &amp; GERAEDTS C. &amp; VAN DEN HOEK OSTENDE L. W. &amp; REUMER J. W. W. &amp; WESSELS W." box="[269,456,917,944]" pageId="17" pageNumber="16" pagination="321 - 346" refId="ref22043" refString="HORDIJK K., BOSMA A. A., DE BRUIJN H., VAN DAM J., GERAEDTS C., VAN DEN HOEK OSTENDE L. W., REUMER J. W. W. &amp; WESSELS W. 2015. - Biostratigraphic and paleoecologic implications of the small mammal assemblage from the late early Miocene of Montalvos 2, Teruel Basin, Spain. Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironment 95 (3): 321 - 346. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 12549 - 015 - 0203 - 2" type="journal article" year="2015">
Hordijk
<emphasis id="B92DEAFAFFD0FF84FE92C3B02EF8FC1B" box="[355,400,917,943]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">et al.</emphasis>
2015
</bibRefCitation>
). The most notable occurrences, however, are in the Daroca Calamocha area, where
<taxonomicName id="4C594D6BFFD0FF84FD62C3932C6EFC7A" authorityName="Gaillard" authorityYear="1915" box="[659,774,949,974]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Heterosorex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="17" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92DEAFAFFD0FF84FD62C3932C6EFC7A" box="[659,774,949,974]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">Heterosorex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
appears in a series of localities as a transient species during zone C (
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der Meulen
<emphasis id="B92DEAFAFFD0FF84FEA8C3D32EE3FBBA" box="[345,395,1012,1038]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">et al.</emphasis>
2012
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;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC84B19FFD0FF84FE24C3D32FD3FB9A" author="VAN DEN HOEK OSTENDE L. W. &amp; FURIO M. &amp; MADERN A. &amp; PRIETO J." pageId="17" pageNumber="16" pagination="813 - 823" refId="ref24280" refString="VAN DEN HOEK OSTENDE L. W., FURIO M., MADERN A. &amp; PRIETO J. 2016. - Enters the shrew, some considerations on the Miocene palaeobiogeography of Iberian insectivores. Comptes Rendus Palevol 15: 813 - 823. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. crpv. 2016.03.006" type="journal article" year="2016">
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den Hoek Ostende
<emphasis id="B92DEAFAFFD0FF84FD24C3D32C60FBBA" box="[725,776,1012,1038]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">et al.</emphasis>
2016
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). Most finds from the Vallès-Penedès coincide with this interval, so they could be part of the same ‘
<taxonomicName id="4C594D6BFFD0FF84FDB6C4132DD1FBFA" authorityName="Gaillard" authorityYear="1915" box="[583,697,1077,1102]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Heterosorex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="17" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92DEAFAFFD0FF84FDB6C4132DD1FBFA" box="[583,697,1077,1102]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">Heterosorex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-event’. However, even with the limited record we have, the genus is also found in the Ramblian site of Costablanca 2. Therefore, also considering the occurrences in Buñol and Mas Antolino, it seems more plausible that the heterosoricids found more suitable habitats in the coastal region and only ventured inland during optimal conditions.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>