diff --git a/data/03/93/87/03938785FF90F13F0782FDBBFB5AA7F9.xml b/data/03/93/87/03938785FF90F13F0782FDBBFB5AA7F9.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..f7c47ffc978 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/93/87/03938785FF90F13F0782FDBBFB5AA7F9.xml @@ -0,0 +1,256 @@ + + + +Morphology and molecules reveal high species diversity of Ligidium (Crustacea: Oniscidea: Ligiidae) in Jiangxi, China + + + +Author + +Li, Wei-Chun + +text + + +Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society + + +2017 + +2017-03-01 + + +179 + + +3 + + +627 +641 + + + + +http://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/179/3/627/3058166/Morphology-and-molecules-reveal-high-species + +journal article +10.1111/zoj.12464 +0024-4082 +14806541 + + + + + + + +LIGIDIUM +ACUTANGULUM + + +LI +, 2015 + + + + + + + + + + +Ligidium acutangulum + +Li, 2015: 19 + + + +. +Type +locality: +China +, +Jiangxi Province +, +Wugongshan +. + + + + + + +Holotype + + + +Male: + +China +, +Jiangxi Province +, +Pixiang +, +Wugongshan +( + +27 +° +27 + +0 + +N + + +114 +° +10 + +0 + +E + +), +c. + +1900 m +a.s.l. + +, + +16.ix.2011 + +, +W. Li +leg., DNA no. L14110 ( +Fig. 1 +). + + + + +Paratypes + + + + +Six males +and +30 females +, same data as the holotype + +; + +15 females +: +China +, +Jiangxi Province +, +Pixiang +, +Wugongshan +c. + +1500 m +a.s.l. + +, + +5.vii.2013 + +, +W. Li +leg., DNA no. L14111 ( +Fig. 1 +) + +. + + +Additional specimens + + + +Seven males +and +39 females +: +China +, +Jiangxi Province +, +Yichun +, +Tonggu +( + +28 +° +32 + +0 + +N + + +114 +° +22 + +0 + +E + +), +Xiangutan +, +c. + +1100 m +a.s.l. + +, + +12.iv.2012 + +, +W. Li +leg., DNA nos L14098, L14100, L14102, L14103, and L14104 ( +Fig. 1 +) + +. + + +Remarks + + + +Ligidium acutangulum + +was described and figured in detail by +Li (2015) +. This species is similar to + + +L. polyacanthum + +sp. nov. + +and + + +L. gracilentum + +sp. nov. + +The differences amongst them are stated under the descriptions of these two species above. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/93/87/03938785FF95F13904C6FA65FBC4A345.xml b/data/03/93/87/03938785FF95F13904C6FA65FBC4A345.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..32f68a24fe6 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/93/87/03938785FF95F13904C6FA65FBC4A345.xml @@ -0,0 +1,266 @@ + + + +Morphology and molecules reveal high species diversity of Ligidium (Crustacea: Oniscidea: Ligiidae) in Jiangxi, China + + + +Author + +Li, Wei-Chun + +text + + +Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society + + +2017 + +2017-03-01 + + +179 + + +3 + + +627 +641 + + + + +http://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/179/3/627/3058166/Morphology-and-molecules-reveal-high-species + +journal article +10.1111/zoj.12464 +0024-4082 +14806541 + + + + + + +LIGIDIUM +DELTODONTUM + + + +SP +. +NOV +. + + +( + +FIGS +2 + +, +3 +) + + + + + +Diagnosis + +Unique in characters of the male pleopod 2 endopod: the subapical part has a thumb-shaped process on outer margin, and the apical tip has a triangular tooth-like process. + +Description + + +Body length of males 8.0 mm, of females 9.0 +– +10.0 mm. Body elongated ( +c. +two times as long as wide); pereonites 1 and 2 without ‘bristle field’ on posterior margin of epimera. Colour in alcohol dark grey with white spots on dorsal surface. + + + +Antennule ( +Fig. 2A +): + +First article broadened towards three distal setae at the tip; second article about 1.5 times as long as the first, ending with three distal setae; third article with two small setae at apical tip. + + + +Antenna ( +Fig. 2B +): + +Third article of peduncle with seta near distal tip; fourth article bears three distal setae; fifth article equipped with two setae; flagellum composed of 13 articles. + + + +Mandibles ( +Fig. 2C, D +): + +Left mandible with three-toothed incisor; lacinia mobilis three-toothed; three penicils between lacinia mobilis and molar process. Right mandible with three-toothed incisor; lacinia mobilis single-toothed; two penicils between lacinia mobilis and molar process. + + + +Maxillule ( +Fig. 2E +): + +Inner lobe with three stout penicils and long seta near distal margin; outer lobe with six apical teeth. + + + +Maxilla ( +Fig. 2F +): + +Distally divided into two parts with blunted rounded apices; large lappet covered with tiny spines near distal margin and two elongated setose penicils near lateral margin at subapical part. + + + +Maxilliped ( +Fig. 3A +): + +Endite rectangular, distal margin with tooth at inner distal angle; palp with four setae on outer margin. + + + +Telson +( +Fig. 3B +): + +Distal margin distinctly convex in the middle, gently concave near lateral margin and forming blunted rounded corners. + + + +Uropod ( +Fig. 3B +): + +Uropodal protopod about three times as long as broad; inner-distal projection of protopod slightly longer than width of its base; endopod about twice as long as exopod, ending with long seta; exopodal tip with a cluster of small setae. + + + +Male – pereopods ( +Fig. 3C, D +): + +Pereopod 1 basis with three setae at both the inner and outer margins; ischium concave on outer margin, bears two small setae on inner margin; merus with seven setae on inner margin and two setae at outer distal angle; carpus with five setae on inner margin; propodus bears several small setae on inner margin and single small seta at outer distal tip. Pereopod 7 basis bears several tiny spines near base and single distal seta on inner margin; ischium narrow basally, broadened towards subtip, then narrowed towards distal tip, bears three setae on inner margin; merus with five long setae on inner margin and two setae at outer distal angle; carpus bears five long setae on inner margin and three setae at outer distal angle; propodus bears three small setae on inner margin. + + + +Male – pleopods ( +Fig. 3E–I +): + +Pleopod 1 exopod with rounded distal margin, endopod with triangular projection. Pleopod 2 exopod broad bean-shaped, distinctly concave at base; endopod long and thin; distal part thumb-shaped and concave on inner margin, outer margin with thumb-shaped process, apical tip with tooth-like process, pointing to base. + + + +Holotype + + + +Male: + +China +, +Jiangxi Province +, +Jingdezhen +, +Fuliang +( + +29 +° +26 + +0 + +N + +, + +117 +° +15 + +0 + +E + +), +Huangzihao +, +c. + +600 m +a.s.l. + +, + +26.v.2012 + +, +W. Li +leg. ( += +collector), DNA no. L14114 ( +Fig. 1 +). + + + + +Paratypes + + + + +One male +and +five females +, same data as the holotype, DNA no. L14115 ( +Fig. 1 +) + +. + + +Distribution and habitat + + + +This +species is only known from +Jiangxi Province +, +China +. +The +type +locality is nearby a stream on the mountain slope in a secondary forest + +. + + +Etymology + + +From the Latin +deltodontus +( += +triangular tooth-like), referring to the male endopod of pleopod 2 with a triangular process at apical tip. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/93/87/03938785FF96F138074CFEF2FC6AA3EE.xml b/data/03/93/87/03938785FF96F138074CFEF2FC6AA3EE.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..413d4222d3f --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/93/87/03938785FF96F138074CFEF2FC6AA3EE.xml @@ -0,0 +1,289 @@ + + + +Morphology and molecules reveal high species diversity of Ligidium (Crustacea: Oniscidea: Ligiidae) in Jiangxi, China + + + +Author + +Li, Wei-Chun + +text + + +Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society + + +2017 + +2017-03-01 + + +179 + + +3 + + +627 +641 + + + + +http://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/179/3/627/3058166/Morphology-and-molecules-reveal-high-species + +journal article +10.1111/zoj.12464 +0024-4082 +14806541 + + + + + + +LIGIDIUM +POLYACANTHUM + + + +SP +. +NOV +. + + +( + +FIGS +4 + +, +5 +) + + + + + +Diagnosis + +Unique in characters of the male pleopod 2 endopod: the subapical part bears a thorn-shaped process near outer margin, and tiny spines are present near the subapical process and apical tip. + +Description + + +Body length of male +6.5 mm +, of females 7.0 +– +9.0 mm. Body elongated ( +c. +2.3 times as long as wide); pereonites 1 and 2 without ‘bristle field’ on posterior margin of epimera. Colour in alcohol dark grey with white spots on dorsal surface. + + + +Antennule ( +Fig. 4A +): + +First article subrectangular, gently broadened towards three distal setae at the tip; second article about 1.3 times as long as the first, ending with three distal setae; third article thin and long, distal half narrowed towards blunt tip. + + + +Antenna ( +Fig. 4B +): + +Articles 2 +– +4 of peduncle all with single seta near distal tip; fifth article equipped with two setae; flagellum composed of 12 articles. + + + +Mandibles ( +Fig. 4C, D +): + +Left mandible with three-toothed incisor; lacinia mobilis three-toothed; four penicils between lacinia mobilis and molar process. Right mandible with three-toothed incisor; lacinia mobilis three-toothed; two penicils between lacinia mobilis and molar process. + + + +Maxillule ( +Fig. 4E +): + +Inner lobe with three stout penicils and long seta near distal margin; outer lobe with 12 apical teeth of various sizes. + + + +Maxilla ( +Fig. 4F +): + +Distally divided into two lappets with rounded apices; small lappet with well-developed seta; large lappet with five well-developed setae and several tiny spines, lateral margin bears two setose penicils at subapical part, one elongated and one small ovate. + + + +Maxilliped ( +Fig. 5A +): + +Endite subrectangular, basally narrow, gently broadened towards distal tip, distal margin with tooth at inner distal angle; palp with eight setae. + + + +Telson +( +Fig. 5B +): + +Distal margin arched, concave near lateral margin and forming blunt, rounded corners. + + + +Uropod ( +Fig. 5B +): + +Uropodal protopod about three times as long as broad; inner-distal projection of protopod nearly as long as width of its base; endopod about 1.5 times as long as exopod, endopodal and exopodal tips with long seta. + + + +Male – pereopods ( +Fig. 5C, D +): + +Pereopod 1 basis with four setae on inner margin; ischium concave on outer margin, bears single seta on both inner and outer margins; merus with eight setae on inner margin and two setae at outer distal angle; carpus with six setae on inner margin and single seta at outer distal angle; propodus bears some small setae on inner margin and small seta at outer distal tip. Pereopod 7 basis bears two setae on inner margin; ischium narrow and concave basally, broadened towards subtip, then narrowed towards distal tip, bears four setae on inner margin and two setae on outer margin; merus with six setae on inner margin and two long setae at outer distal angle; carpus conspicuously narrow at base, gradually broadened toward distal tip, bears five setae on inner margin and four setae at outer distal angle; propodus bears four small setae on inner margin. + + + +Male – pleopods ( +Fig. 5E–I +): + +Pleopod 1 exopod with blunt, rounded distal margin, endopod with triangular projection and long seta. Pleopod 2 exopod nearly ovate; endopod long and thin, subapically with a thorn-shaped process and several tiny spines, apically well sclerotized at outer half and tapered towards blunt, rounded tip, covered with tiny spines at the end. + + + +Holotype + + + +Male: + +China +, +Jiangxi Province +, +Ganzhou +, +Longnan +, +Jiulianshan +( + +24 +° +40 + +0 + +N + +, + +114 +° +33 + +0 + +E + +), +c. + +1000 m +a.s.l. + +, + +23.iv.2012 + +, +W. Li +leg. + + + + +Paratypes + + + + +Two females +, same data as the holotype, DNA nos L14135 and L14136 ( +Fig. 1 +) + +. + + +Distribution and habitat + + +This species is only known from +Jiangxi Province +, +China +. It was found under a thick layer of leaf-litter of + +Michelia +species + +on the mountain slope in a primary forest. + + +Etymology + + +From the Latin +polyacanthus +( += +spinous), referring to the male endopod of pleopod 2 being covered with many tiny spines at apical part. + + +Remarks + + +This species is very similar to + +L. acutangulum + +and + + +L. gracilentum + +sp. nov. + +, but it can be distinguished by the tiny spines at the apical part of the male pleopod 2 endopod. In + +L. acutangulum + +and + +L. gracilentum + +, the male pleopod 2 endopod lacks tiny spines. Further, they can also be separated based on the phylogenetic analysis of sequence data; every species was represented by a well-supported clade ( +Fig. 1 +). + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/93/87/03938785FF97F13F076AFE56FA8BA392.xml b/data/03/93/87/03938785FF97F13F076AFE56FA8BA392.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..5979fe2c8f5 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/93/87/03938785FF97F13F076AFE56FA8BA392.xml @@ -0,0 +1,289 @@ + + + +Morphology and molecules reveal high species diversity of Ligidium (Crustacea: Oniscidea: Ligiidae) in Jiangxi, China + + + +Author + +Li, Wei-Chun + +text + + +Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society + + +2017 + +2017-03-01 + + +179 + + +3 + + +627 +641 + + + + +http://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/179/3/627/3058166/Morphology-and-molecules-reveal-high-species + +journal article +10.1111/zoj.12464 +0024-4082 +14806541 + + + + + + +LIGIDIUM +GRACILENTUM + + + +SP +. +NOV +. + + +( + +FIGS +6 + +, +7 +) + + + + + +Diagnosis + +Unique in characters of the male pleopod 2 endopod: the subapical part bears a thorn-shaped process on outer margin, and the apical part is slender and concave on inner margin. + +Description + + +Body length of male 5.0 mm, of females 4.0 +– +6.0 mm. Body elongated ( +c. +2.3 times as long as wide); pereonites 1 and 2 without ‘bristle field’ on posterior margin of epimera. Colour in alcohol dark grey with white spots on dorsal surface. + + + +Antennule ( +Fig. 6A +): + +First article narrowed basally, broadened distinctively towards three distal setae at the tip; second article about 1.3 times as long as the first, ending with three distal setae; third article narrowed towards two distal setae at the tip. + + + +Antenna ( +Fig. 6B +): + +Second and third article of peduncle both with long seta near distal tip; fourth article covered with tiny setae; fifth article with four long setae at base, bears one and three long setae at distal 2/5 and distal tip, respectively; flagellum composed of 14 articles. + + + +Mandibles ( +Fig. 6C, D +): + +Left mandible with three-toothed incisor; lacinia mobilis three-toothed; single penicil between lacinia mobilis and molar process. Right mandible with three-toothed incisor; lacinia mobilis nearly ovate; three penicils between lacinia mobilis and molar process. + + + +Maxillule ( +Fig. 6E +): + +Inner lobe with three stout penicils and short seta near distal margin; outer lobe with nine apical teeth of various sizes. + + + +Maxilla ( +Fig. 6F +): + +Covered with tiny spines near apical tip, two setose penicils, one ovate and one elongated. + + + +Maxilliped ( +Fig. 7A +): + +Endite nearly rectangular, distal margin with ovate process at inner distal angle; palp with five setae. + + + +Telson +( +Fig. 7B +): + +Distal margin slightly convex near middle, gently concave near lateral margin and forming blunt, rounded corners. + + + +Uropod ( +Fig. 7B +): + +Uropodal protopod about three times as long as broad; inner-distal projection of protopod slightly longer than basal width; endopod nearly twice as long as exopod, ending with long seta; exopodal tip with small distal seta. + + + +Male – pereopods ( +Fig. 7C–E +): + +Pereopod 1 basis with three setae on both inner and outer margins; ischium outer margin concave and equipped with three setae, inner margin bears four setae; merus with seven setae on inner margin and three setae at outer distal angle; carpus with five setae on inner margin and three setae at outer distal angle; propodus bears four small setae on inner margin and single small seta at outer distal tip. Pereopod 7 basis distal 1/4 narrowed, bears two setae and single seta on inner and outer margin, respectively; ischium narrow basally, broadened towards subtip, then narrowed towards distal tip, bears four setae on both inner and outer margins; merus with five setae on inner margin and three setae at outer distal angle; carpus bears six setae on inner margin and four setae at outer distal angle; propodus bears four small setae on inner margin; dactylus with two small spines and a cluster of setae near apical tip. + + + +Male – pleopods ( +Fig. 7F–J +): + +Pleopod 1 exopod with blunted rounded distal margin, endopod with triangular projection and three setae. Pleopod 2 exopod nearly ovate; endopod long and thin, apical 1/3 tapered towards blunt, rounded tip; apical part slender, concave on inner margin, outer margin well sclerotized and bears subapical, thorn-shaped process. + + + +Holotype + + + +Male: + +China +, +Jiangxi Province +, +Shangrao +, +Wuyishan +( + +26 +° +54 + +0 + +N + +, + +116 +° +42 + +0 + +E + +), +c. + +900 m +a.s.l. + +, + +8.viii.2012 + +, +W. Li +leg., DNA no. L14082 ( +Fig. 1 +). + + + + +Paratypes + + + + +Four females +, same data as the holotype, DNA nos L14083 and L14085 ( +Fig. 1 +) + +. + + +Distribution and habitat + + + +This +species is only known from +Jiangxi Province +, +China +. +The +type +locality is nearby a mountain stream in a laurel forest + +. + + +Etymology + + +From the Latin +gracilentus +( += +slender), referring to the slender apical part of the male pleopod 2 endopod. + + +Remarks + + +This species is similar to + +L. acutangulum + +and + + +L. polyacanthum + +sp. nov. + +but can be distinguished from the latter species by the slender and bent apical part of male pleopod 2 endopod. Additionally, in + +L. acutangulum + +and + +L. polyacanthum + +, the apical part of male pleopod 2 endopod is nearly triangular and straight. The species can also be distinguished based on the results of the phylogenetic analysis conducted here as stated under + +L. polyacanthum + +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/D6/2D/4A/D62D4A343200FF83BBCC2B9877BFB6EF.xml b/data/D6/2D/4A/D62D4A343200FF83BBCC2B9877BFB6EF.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..4efff73fea5 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/D6/2D/4A/D62D4A343200FF83BBCC2B9877BFB6EF.xml @@ -0,0 +1,423 @@ + + + +Morphological and molecular evidence for new genera in the Afrotropical Cteninae (Araneae, Ctenidae) complex + + + +Author + +Henrard, Arnaud + + + +Author + +Jocqué, Rudy + +text + + +Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society + + +2017 + +Zool. J. Linn. Soc. + + +2016-10-28 + + +180 + + +1 + + +82 +154 + + + + +https://doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12461 + +journal article +10.1111/zoj.12461 +0024-4082 +14806584 +619E046-122D-425E-BA8B-29DC34628EB7 + + + + + + +MACROCTENUS +HERBICOLA + + + +SP +. +NOV +. + + +( + +FIGS +11A +– +D + +, + +12A +– +C + +, +13A, B +, + +14A +– +D + +) + + + +http://zoobank.org/ + +urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: +D0C551A3- 653F-444F-9933-355DD48C6076 + + + + + + +Figure 11. + +Macroctenus herbicola + +sp. nov. + +: A, B, Ht male (DNA-N29, MRAC 238945); C, D, Pt female (DNA-N10, MRAC 238914); A, male, habitus, dorsal view; B, as previous, lateral view; C, female, carapace, dorsal view; D, eye region, dorsal view. Scale bars += +2 mm. + + + + +Type material + + + + +Holotype +, male + +: +GUINEA +: +Mt. Nimba +, campsite +SMFG +, + +7 +° +42 + +0 + +N + +, + +8 +° +24 + +0 + +W + +, + +587 m +asl + +, + +12.III.2012 + +, hand collecting on the ground at night, +Van den Spiegel D. +, +Henrard A. +, +Allard C. +, +Bimou P. +& +Sidibe M. +( +DNA-N29 +, +MRAC 238945 +). + + + + + +Paratype + +: +1 ♀1 ♀ +: +GUINEA +: +Mt. Nimba, Kpeleyi Savannah +, + +7 +° +39 + +0 + +N + +, + +8 +° +27 + +0 + +W + +, + +572 m +asl + +, + +21.II.2012 + +, savannah, hand collecting on the ground, +Van den Spiegel D. +, +Henrard A. +, +Allard C. +, +Bimou P. +& +Sidibe M. +( +DNA-N10 +, +MRAC 238914 +) + +. + + +Other material + + + + +GUINEA + +: +1 ♀ +: +Mt. Nimba, Mine +camp of +Gbakore +, + +7 +° +42 + +0 + +N + +, + +8 +° +23 + +0 + +W + +, + +700 m +asl + +, + +27.IX.2008 + +, transition forested valley and montane grassland, +Kpoghomou E. +( +MRAC 225535 +) + +. + + +Etymology + + +Lives among grasses hence its name ‘herbicola’; grassland-inhabiting +Ctenidae +are rare. + + +Diagnosis + + +Males of + +Macroctenus herbicola + +are recognized by the palp ( +Figs 12A, B +, +13A, B +), with a short, conical +RTA +pointing outward, a fairly long +MA +and an embolus with a slightly widened tip; the female is characterized by the epigyne ( +Figs 12C +, +14A, B +), with a broad +MS +with concave frontal and incised lateral margins, preceded by a hairy, sclerotized, inverted triangle. + + +Description + + +Male +( +holotype +). Total length 13.2. Carapace 6.8 long and 5.0 wide. Clypeus 0.23 high. Eye diameters: +AME +0.33, +ALE +0.26, +PME +0.46, +PLE +0.33. Coloration ( +Fig. 11A, B +): carapace pale brown with yellow central band from +PME +to posterior margin and sublateral bands, interrupted by faint darker brown radiating striae; with short greyish and blackish pilosity; chelicerae and mouthparts dark brown; legs uniform pale brown, with femora darker and faintly banded; abdomen: dorsum dark grey with pale narrow median bar in frontal half; four apodemes; sides dark grey with many lines of pale anastomosing blotches; venter dark grey four rows of white blotches. Chelicerae with three promarginal teeth, median larger; four retromarginal teeth, proximal distant from the remaining three, basal smallest; intermarginal denticles present. Leg measurements: I: femur 7.4/ patella 3.1/ tibia 7.1/ metatarsus 7.4/ tarsus 2.8/ total 27.8; II: 6.1/ 2.3/ 6.2/ 6.7/ 2.6/ 23.9; III: 6.2/ 2.4/ 5.2/ 5.1/ 2.3/ 21.2; IV: 7.9/ 2.7/ 6.5/ 9.1/ 2.8/ 29.0. Leg formula 4123. Leg spination: femur I pl1-1-1-1 d1-1-1 rl1-1-1-1, II pl1-1- 1 d1-1 rl1-1-1, III pl1-1-1-1 d1-1-1 rl1-1-1-1, IV pl1-1- 1 d1-1-1 rl1-1-1-1; patella I pl1 rl1, II pl1 rl1, III pl1 rl1, IV pl1 rl1; tibia I v2-2-2-2 pl1-1-1 d1-1-1 rl1-1-1, II v2-2-2-2 pl1-1 d1-1-1 rl1-1-1, III v2-2-2 pl1-1 d1-1- 1 rl1-1, IV v2-2-2 pl1-1 d1-1-1 rl1-1; metatarsus I v2- 2-1 pl1-1-1 rl1-1-1, II v2-2-1 pl1-1-1 d1-1 rl1-1-1, III v2-2-2 pl1-1-1 d1-1-1-1 rl1-1-1, IV v2-1-1-2-1 pl1-1-1 d1-1-1 rl1-1-1; Mt IV unmodified, with long overlapping spines. Palp ( +Figs 12A, B +, +13A, B +): tibia long and slender, with three spines, small ventral projection on distal margin; +RTA +dorsolateral, short, conical, with sharp tip, pointing outward; cymbium with dense hair cover in distal part; with retrolateral concavity delimited by small dorsal and ventral swellings. +MA +cup-shaped; twice as long as wide. Embolus with broad base; flat distal part slightly widened at tip. + + + + +Figure 12. + +Macroctenus herbicola + +sp. nov. + +: A, B, Ht male (DNA-N29, MRAC 238945); C, Pt female (DNA-N10, MRAC 238914); A, male palp, ventral view; B, as previous, retrolateral view; C, epigyne, ventral view. Scale bars = 1 mm. + + + + + +Figure 13. + +Macroctenus herbicola + +sp. nov. + +, Ht male (DNA-N29, MRAC 238945): A, male palp, ventral view; B, as previous, retrolateral view. Scale bars = 0.5 mm. + + + + + +Figure 14. + +Macroctenus herbicola + +sp. nov. + +, Pt Female (DNA-N10, MRAC 238914): A, epigyne, ventral view; B, as previous, digested; C, as previous, dorsal view; D, as previous, dorsolateral view. Scale bars = 1 mm. + + + +Female +paratype +( +DNA-N +10, +MRAC +238914). Total length 26.3. Carapace 11.4 long and 7.7 wide. Clypeus 0.49 high. Eye diameters: +AME +0.43, +ALE +0.39, +PME +0.66, +PLE +0.56. Coloration ( +Figs 11C, D +): very similar to male but lacks blackish pilosity on carapace; legs uniform medium brown; abdomen: dorsum pale greyish brown with pale brown bar in anterior half and numerous faint darker spots; some dark setae on front; venter cream with nine longitudinal grey bands; two rows of small apodemes. Chelicerae with three promarginal teeth, median larger; four retromarginal teeth, proximal distant from the remaining three, basal smallest; intermarginal denticles present. Leg measurements: 9.9/ patella 5.0/ tibia 9.1/ metatarsus 8.5/ tarsus 3.3/ total 35.8; II: 9.2/ 4.7/ 8.1/ 7.8/ 2.6/ 32.4; III: 7.9/ 4.0/ 6.5/ 6.1/ 1.8/ 26.3; IV: 10.2/ 3.8/ 8.7/ 10.9/ 2.8/ 36.4. Leg formula 4123. Leg spination: femur I pl1-1-1-1 d1-1-1 rl1-1-1-1, II pl1-1-1-1 d1-1-1 rl1-1-1-1, III pl1-1-1-1 d1-1-1 rl1-1-1-1, IV pl1-1 d1-1-1 rl1-1-1-1; patella I, II none, III pl1 rl1, IV pl1 rl1; tibia I v2-2-2-2 pl1-1 rl1, II v2-2-2-2 pl1-1 rl1, III v2-2-2 pl1-1 d1-1, IV v2-2-2 pl1-1 d1-1-1 rl1-1; metatarsus I v2-2 pl1 rl1, II v2-2 pl1 rl1, III v2-2-2 pl1-1 d1-1 rl1-1, IV v2-1-1-2-1 pl1-1-1 d1-1-1 rl1-1-1; Mt IV unmodified. Epigyne ( +Figs 12C +, +14A, B +): +MS +broad with concave frontal margin; posterior and lateral margins convex, the latter with incisions accommodating +LP +; anterior part a densely hairy triangle. Vulva ( +Fig. 14C, D +) with short, straight copulatory ducts; spermathecae ovoid; fertilization ducts transverse, procurved. + + +Distribution + + +Only known from +Mt. Nimba +in +Guinea +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/D6/2D/4A/D62D4A343200FF8FB96629FD77A3B6EA.xml b/data/D6/2D/4A/D62D4A343200FF8FB96629FD77A3B6EA.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..9b1b87c0f9e --- /dev/null +++ b/data/D6/2D/4A/D62D4A343200FF8FB96629FD77A3B6EA.xml @@ -0,0 +1,277 @@ + + + +Morphological and molecular evidence for new genera in the Afrotropical Cteninae (Araneae, Ctenidae) complex + + + +Author + +Henrard, Arnaud + + + +Author + +Jocqué, Rudy + +text + + +Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society + + +2017 + +Zool. J. Linn. Soc. + + +2016-10-28 + + +180 + + +1 + + +82 +154 + + + + +https://doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12461 + +journal article +10.1111/zoj.12461 +0024-4082 +14806584 +619E046-122D-425E-BA8B-29DC34628EB7 + + + + + + +MACROCTENUS + + + +GEN +. +NOV +. + + + + + +http://zoobank.org/ + +urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: +2DF702AE-19C7-42BD-AACB-D2F183B60983 + + + + + + +Type +species + + + + +Macroctenus kingsleyi +(F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1898) + +. Designated here. Detailed description in + +Steyn +et al. +(2003) + +. See also + +Figures S6A +– +H + +. + + +Etymology + + +The generic name is a combination of ‘Macro’ (large) and ‘ + +Ctenus + +’. Representatives of this genus are among the largest Araneomorphae. The gender of the genus is masculine. + + +Diagnosis + + + +Macroctenus +species + +can be distinguished from the remaining +Ctenidae +by the male palp with the short subdistal +RTA +and the +MA +rounded or elongate; the +MS +of the epigyne is wider or as wide as long and has three sections, the +LS +have a short +LP +, and the spermathecae are small and oval. + + +Description + + +Ecribellate ctenids. Very large, body length (males and females) 20 +– +34. Carapace piriform ( +Figs 11A, C +, + +16A +– +D + +, +17A, B; S +6A, S +7A +), dark background with contrasting pale pattern; covered with short setae; thoracic groove longitudinal, located in the posterior third of the carapace. Chilum divided. Clypeus with long erect black bristles. Ctenid eyes pattern 2 +– +4 +– +2, with the anterior and posterior row recurved in dorsal view. Eyes round, except oval anterior lateral eyes. Chelicerae dark brown, with long erect hairs, with three promarginal teeth, median larger; four retromarginal teeth, proximal distant from the remaining three, basal smallest; intermarginal denticles present. Endites brown with lighter apical area, external lateral margin excavated, distally bearing dense apical scopulae and subapical serrula. Labium brown, distally rounded bearing dense apical scopula. Sternum medium to dark brown, shield-shaped, not extending between coxae IV. Legs brown. Male legs more elongate and slender than female legs; with dense scopulae on t, Mt and +T +. Trochanters notched. Abdomen oval ( +Figs 16A, B +, +17A, B; S +6A, S +7A +), with dispersed short setae. Male palp ( +Figs 12A, B +, +13A, B +, +18A, B +, + +19A +– +D + +, +21A, B +, + +22A +– +E; S + + +6F +– +H + +): tibia with dorsal and ventral processes on distal margin; +RTA +short, subdistal, rarely surpassing distal margin of tibia; cymbium with elongate tip, without horns or swellings; subtegulum prolateral; tegulum oval; +MA +with dorsal concavity, narrow at base, oval or subcircular; embolus with wide, short and curved apex; locking lobes present; conductor short, hyaline, c-shaped. Epigyne ( +Figs 12C +, +14A, B +, +18C +, +20A, D, G +, +21C +, +23C; S +6B, E, S +7B, C, D, G +): divided into +MS +and two +LS +; +MS +composed of three parts: frontal oval densely hairy, central wide with sclerotized margins, short posterior densely hairy, constriction between the latter two shows short straight +LP +. Vulva ( +Figs 14C, D +, +18D +, +20B, C, E, F, H, I +, +23D, E; S +6C, D, S +7E, F, H, I +) with small, oval spermathecae. + + +Composition + + +Five species +: + +Macroctenus herbicola + +sp. nov. +, + +M. kingsleyi + +( + +Fig. S6A +– +H + +), + +M. nimba + +sp. nov. +, + +M. occidentalis +(F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1898) + +comb. nov. +( + +Fig. S7A +– +I + +), + +M. vandenspiegeli + +sp. nov. + + +Distribution + +Rainforest of Central and West Africa. + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/D6/2D/4A/D62D4A34320CFFBBBBE82B9B7116B305.xml b/data/D6/2D/4A/D62D4A34320CFFBBBBE82B9B7116B305.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..25e66d93efb --- /dev/null +++ b/data/D6/2D/4A/D62D4A34320CFFBBBBE82B9B7116B305.xml @@ -0,0 +1,1038 @@ + + + +Morphological and molecular evidence for new genera in the Afrotropical Cteninae (Araneae, Ctenidae) complex + + + +Author + +Henrard, Arnaud + + + +Author + +Jocqué, Rudy + +text + + +Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society + + +2017 + +Zool. J. Linn. Soc. + + +2016-10-28 + + +180 + + +1 + + +82 +154 + + + + +https://doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12461 + +journal article +10.1111/zoj.12461 +0024-4082 +14806584 +619E046-122D-425E-BA8B-29DC34628EB7 + + + + + + +MACROCTENUS +NIMBA + + + +SP +. +NOV +. + + + + + + + +( + +FIGS +15A +– +F + +, + +16A +– +F + +, + +17A +– +D + +, + +18A +– +D + +, + +19A +– +D + +, + +20A +– +I + +) + + +http://zoobank.org/ + +urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: +CB2853EA-2540-477B-B6B6-9736FEFA6196 + + + + +Figure 15. +Field photos where specimens of + + +Macroctenus nimba + +sp. nov. + +were found: A, landscape of alpine meadows on crests of +Mt. Nimba +; B, surveys near the adits ‘T4’ at ‘Bassin 3’, Sempere; C, Henrard Arnaud exploring some natural cavities among rocks at ‘Geology Base’ in altitude meadows; D, Van den Spiegel Didier and Henrard Arnaud collecting inside the the adits ‘T4’ at ‘Bassin 3’, Sempere; E, Bimou Prosper and Sydibe Mamadou at the entrance of the adit ‘K1’ at ‘Geology Base’; F, as previous, inside the adit. + + + + + +Figure 16. + +Macroctenus nimba + +sp. nov. + +: A, Ht female (DNA-N43, MRAC 238119) found in a dry adit at ‘ +Ch^ateau’ +; B, Pt female (DNA-N02, MRAC 238211) found at ‘Geology Base’, adit ‘K2’; C, female defending her cocoon in the adit ‘T4’ at ‘Bassin 3’, Sempere; D, Pt male (DNA-N01, MRAC 237842) in the adit ‘K1’ at ‘Geology Base’; E, female feeding on prey fixed to the wall photographed in the adit ‘K2’; F, female in captivity, having caught a roach. Note the prey fixed on the glassy wall. + + + +Type material + + + + +Holotype +, female + +: +GUINEA +: +Mt. Nimba, Chateau +^, + +7 +° +40 + +0 + +N + +, + +8 +° +23 + +0 + +W + +, + +778 m +asl + +, 11.X.11, hand collecting with headlamp inside dry adit, on walls and beams, at + + +5 +– +20 m + +depth + +, +Van den Spiegel D. +& +Henrard A. +( +DNA-N43 +, +MRAC 238119 +). + + + + + +Paratypes + +: +GUINEA +, +Mt. Nimba + +: + +1 ♂ +: +Geology Base K +1, + +7 +° +39 + +0 + +N + +, + +8 +° +22 + +0 + +W + +, + +1479 m +asl + +, + +28.I.2012 + +, humid adit, with bats, +Van +den +Spiegel +D., +Henrard +A., +Allard +C., +Bimou P. +& +Sidibe M. +( +DNA-N01 +, +MRAC 237842 +) + +; + +1 ♀ +: +Geology Base K +2, + +7 +° +39 + +0 + +N + +, + +8 +° +22 + +0 + +W + +, + +1479 m +asl + +, + +28.I.2012 + +, humid adit, with bats, +Van +den +Spiegel +D., +Henrard +A., +Allard +C., +Bimou P. +& +Sidibe M. +(DNA- N02, +MRAC 238211 +) + +; + +1 ♂ +: +Zougue Cave +, + +7 +° +40 + +0 + +N + +, + +8 +° +23 + +0 + +W + +, + +968 m +asl + +, + +27.I.2012 + +, with bats, on wall of lower humid cave, +Van +den +Spiegel +D., +Henrard +A., +Allard +C., +Bimou P. +& +Sidibe M. +( +MRAC 238212 +) + +; + +1 ♂ +: +Zougue Cave +, + +7 +° +40 + +0 + +N + +, + +8 +° +23 + +0 + +W + +, + +968 m +asl + +, + +27.I.2012 + +, hand collecting, upper cave, near +Zougue river +, +Adrian Hudson +( +MRAC 238215 +) + +; + +1 ♀ +: +Geology Base +, + +7 +° +39 + +0 + +N + +, + +8 +° +22 + +0 + +W + +, + +1560 m +asl + +, + +9.III.2012 + +, hand collecting, in a natural cavity among rocks in altitude meadows, near adit +T4 +, +Van +den +Spiegel +D., +Henrard A. +, +Allard C. +, +Bimou +P. & +Sidibe +M. ( +MRAC 238907 +) + +; + +1 ♂ +1 ♀ +: +Geology Base +K3, + +7 +° +40 + +0 + +N + +, + +8 +° +22 + +0 + +W + +, + +1560 m +asl + +, + +01.II.2012 + +, hand collecting, on wall of humid cave, +Van +den +Spiegel +D., +Henrard A. +& +Allard C. +& +Bimou P. +& +Sidibe M. +( +MRAC 238912 +) + +; + +1 ♀ +: +Geology Base +K3, + +7 +° +40 + +0 + +N + +, + +8 +° +22 + +0 + +W + +, + +1492 m +asl + +, + +09.III.2012 + +, hand collecting, adits K3 ( + + +10 +– +50 m + + +), +Van +den +Spiegel +D., +Henrard A. +& +Allard C. +& +Bimou P. +& +Sidibe M. +( +MRAC 238915 +) + +; + +1 ♀ +with cocoon: +Bassin +3, 7 +° + +40 + +0 + +1.128 +″ +N + +, 8 +° + +22 + +0 + +59.112 +″ +W + +, + +1489 m +asl + +, + +8.III.2012 + +, hand collecting, in rock anfractuosity, near the road, +Van +den +Spiegel +D., +Henrard A. +& +Allard C. +& +Bimou P. +& +Sidibe M. +( +MRAC 238926 +) + +; + +1 ♀ +: +Base +geology K1, + +7 +° +40 + +0 + +N + +, + +8 +° +22 + +0 + +W + +, + +1479 m +asl + +, + +09.III.2012 + +, hand collecting, on rock face near the ground, +Van +den +Spiegel +D., +Henrard A. +& +Allard C. +& +Bimou P. +& +Sidibe M. +( +MRAC 238935 +) + +; + +1 ♀ +: +Pierre Richaud +, + + +5 +– +20 m + + +deep inside the adit, on walls, + +7 +° +39 + +0 + +N + +, + +8 +° +22 + +0 + +W + +, + +1502 m +asl + +, + +10.X.2011 + +, headlamp collecting, +Van den Spiegel D. +& +Henrard A. +( +DNA-N44 +, +MRAC 238098 +) + +. + + + + +Figure 17. + +Macroctenus nimba + +sp. nov. + +: A. male in captivity; B, as previous, detail; C, sperm web (arrows); D, as previous, detail. + + + +Other material + + + + + + +GUINEA + +: +1 ♀ +: +Mt. Nimba, Zougue River +, campsite +SMFG + + +near ‘Charly 1’, on a rock near the river, + +7 +° +42 + +0 + +N + +, + +8 +° +24 + +0 + +W + +, + +770 m +asl + +, + +06.II.2012 + +, night collecting, +Van den Spiegel D. +, +Henrard A. +, +Allard C. +, +Bimou P. +& +Sidibe M. +( +DNA-N13 +, +MRAC 238918 +) + +. + + + + +Figure 18. + +Macroctenus nimba + +sp. nov. + +: A, B, Pt male (MRAC 238215); C, D, Pt female (DNA-N44, MRAC 238098); A, male palp, retrolateral view; B, as previous, ventral view; C, epigyne, ventral view; D, as previous, dorsal view. Arrow indicates plug. Scale bars = 1 mm. + + + +Etymology + + +The species name is a noun in apposition taken from the +type +locality. + + +Diagnosis + + + +Macroctenus nimba + +sp. nov. +specimens differ from those of + +M. kingsleyi + +and + +M. vandenspiegeli + +sp. nov. +by the presence of four pairs of dark spots each with a tiny white patch on the abdomen dorsum ( +Figs 16A, B, F +, +17A, b +); epigyne ( +Figs 18C +, +20A, D, G +) with a shorter +MS +, much smaller spermathecae ( +Figs 18D +, +20B, C, E, F, H, I +), their diameter apart whereas they are only half their diameter apart in + +M. kingsleyi + +( +Fig. S6B, E +). Females of + +M. occidentalis + +have black abdominal spots ( +Fig. S7A +) but the lateral parts of the +MS +are protruding forward ( +Fig. S7B, C, D, G +). Males are recognized by the less dense ventral pilosity of the palp, the shape of the +MA +( +Figs 18A +, +19C, D +) which is elongate and of the +RTA +( +Fig. 19B +) which is short, does not reach the anterior margin of the tibia and is slightly indented at the tip. + + +Description + + +Female +( +holotype +). Total length 25.8. Carapace 12.8 long and 9.2 wide. Clypeus 0.46 high. Eye diameters: +AME +0.85, +ALE +0.49, +PME +0.89, +PLE +0.59. Coloration (in ethanol): carapace pale brown with pattern of short dark hairs: two slightly sinuous lines behind +PLE +, radiating striae from fovea, posterior one forming a pale cross with longitudinal pale median band. Chelicerae medium brown; mouthparts pale brown; sternum yellowish brown; legs pale brown with dense dark pilosity on Fe and +T +. Abdomen dorsum dark grey with faint paler median band in frontal half, followed by four pairs of dark spots; sides dark with numerous longitudinal pale lines; venter dark grey with two oblique pale lines and two rows of pale spots between them. Living specimens ( + +Fig. 16A +– +C, E, F + +) with much more contrasted coloration pattern. Chelicerae with three promarginal teeth, median larger; four retromarginal teeth, proximal distant from the remaining three, basal smallest; intermarginal denticles present. Leg measurements: I: femur 13.3 patella 5.7/ tibia 13.3/ metatarsus 13.6/ tarsus 4.7/ total 50.8; II: 12.9/ 5.2/ 12.1/ 12.1/ 4.0/ 46.3; III: 11.4/ 5.5/ 9.2/ 10.2/ 3.7/ 40.0; IV: 14.3/ 4.1/ 12.5/ 15.6/ 4.3/ 52.7. Leg formula 4123. Leg spination: femur I pl1-1- 1-1 d1-1-1 rl1-1-1-1, II pl1-1-1-1 d1-1-1 rl1-1-1, III pl1-1-1-1 d1-1-1 rl1-1-1-1, IV pl1-1-1-1 d1-1-1 rl1-1-1- 1; patella I pl1 rl1, II pl1 rl1, III pl1 rl1, IV pl1 rl1; tibia I v2-2-2-2 pl1-1 d1-1-1 rl1-1-1, II v2-2-2-2 pl1-1 d1-1-1 rl1-1-1, III v2-2-2 pl1-1 d1-1-1 rl1-1, IV v2-2-2 pl1-1 d1-1-1 rl1-1; metatarsus I pl1-1-1 rl1-1-1, II pl1-1 rl1-1-1, III v2-2-2 pl1-1-1 d1-1 rl1-1-1, IV v2-2-2 pl1-1-1 d1-1-1 rl1-1-1; Mt IV not modified. Epigyne ( +Figs 18C +, +20A, D, G +) with broad +MS +with smoothly rounded lateral margin; +LS +with short and sharp +LP +. Vulva ( +Figs 18D +, +20B, C, E, F, H, I +) with copulatory ducts short; spermathecae small, ovoid, as far as largest diameter apart; fertilization ducts curved, directed posteriorly. + + +Male +( +paratype +, +MRAC +238215). Total length 22.6. Carapace 11.9 long and 8.9 wide. Clypeus 0.59 high. Eye diameters: +AME +0.45, +ALE +0.39, +PME +0.69, +PLE +0.59. Coloration (in ethanol): carapace reddish brown with dark pattern behind eyes and on radiating striae; pale stripes less pronounced than in female. Living specimens ( +Figs 16D +, +17A, B +). Chelicerae dark brown; mouthparts and sternum medium brown; legs medium brown; abdomen dorsum dark brown with four pairs of dark spots; sides and venter grey. Chelicerae with three promarginal teeth, median larger; four retromarginal teeth, proximal distant from the remaining three, basal smallest; intermarginal denticles present. Leg spination: femur I pl1-1-1-1 d1-1-1 rl1-1-1, II pl1-1-1-1 d1-1-1 rl1-1-1, III pl1-1-1-1 d1-1-1 rl1-1-1-1, IV pl1-1-1-1 d1-1-1 rl1- 1-1; patella I, II none, III pl1 rl1, IV pl1 rl1; tibia I v2-2-2-2 pl1-1-1 rl1-1, II v2-2-2-2 pl1-1-1 rl1-1, III v2- 2-2 pl1-1 d1-1-1 rl1-1, IV v2-2-2 pl1-1 d1-1-1 rl1-1; metatarsus I v2-2-1 pl1 rl1, II v2-2-1 rl1, III v2-2-2 pl1-1-1 d1-1 rl1-1-1, IV v2-2-2-1 pl1-1-1 d1-1 rl1-1-1; Mt IV unmodified. Palp ( +Figs 18A, B +, + +19A +– +D + +, +21A, B +): tibia densely hairy, with three long spines, ventral and retrolateral process on distal margin; +RTA +short, not reaching distal margin of tibia, tip not sharp but slightly indented and with tiny projection in ventrolateral view; cymbium with shallow prolateral concavity delimited by dorsal and ventral basal swellings; +MA +fairly long, with almost parallel margins, slightly curved, distally with slight prolateral indentation; embolus flat, curved; conductor membranous, c-shaped. + + +Natural history + + + +Macroctenus nimba + +was first discovered in handmade adits located above +1000 m +asl ( + +Fig. 15D +– +F + +). Then it was also found in natural caves or small rock cavities, always at high altitude ( + +Fig. 15A +– +C + +). +Two females +were observed suspended from their cocoon which was fixed to the roof of an adit ( +Fig. 16C +is actually inverted). When disturbed, the female vigorously protected the cocoon by grabbing it between the fangs. One cocoon was transferred to the lab where it hatched. The juveniles went through a dozen moults before maturity. They were fed with small flies during the early stages, then with crickets or cockroaches. During prey capture, the spider turned toward the cricket standing on six legs with the first pair raised straight above the substrate. When the prey was close enough, the spider darted at it, using the first legs to draw the prey towards the chelicerae. In cases where the immobilized prey was as large as the ctenid or larger, it was fixed on a vertical surface with silk ( +Figs 16E, F +) before it was eaten, the spider facing down. This behaviour was also observed in mine adits where the prey was fixed to the rock wall ( +Fig. 16E +) and with other ctenids in the forest where the prey was fixed with silk on a large suspended leaf. A very similar behaviour was also observed for + +Phoneutria boliviensis +(F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1897) + +by Hazzi (2014). One to two days after the last moult of the males, two small sheet-webs were invariably found in their cages ( +Fig. 17C, D +). These sheet-webs are assumed to be sperm-webs, apparently one for each palp. Unfortunately, all attempted matings were unsuccessful. + + + + +Figure 19. + +Macroctenus nimba + +sp. nov. + +: A, B, Pt male (MRAC 238212); C, D, Pt male (MRAC 238215); A, male palp, retrolateral view; B, as previous, detail of RTA; C, male palp, ventral view; D, as previous, detail. Scale bars = 1 mm. + + + + + +Figure 20. + +Macroctenus nimba + +sp. nov. + +, female genitalia: A +– +C, Ht female (DNA-N43, MRAC 238119); D +– +F, Pt female (DNA-N02, MRAC 238211); G +– +I, Pt female (DNA-N44, MRAC 238098); A, epigyne, ventral view; B, as previous, dorsal view; C, as previous, dorsolateral view; D, epigyne, ventral view; E, as previous, dorsal view; F, as previous, dorsolateral view; G, epigyne, ventral view; H, as previous, dorsal view; I, as previous, dorsolateral view. Scale bar = 1 mm. + + + +Distribution + + +Only know from +Mt. Nimba +in +Guinea +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/D6/2D/4A/D62D4A34321AFF88BB832E62711BB1EC.xml b/data/D6/2D/4A/D62D4A34321AFF88BB832E62711BB1EC.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..9cf202574a7 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/D6/2D/4A/D62D4A34321AFF88BB832E62711BB1EC.xml @@ -0,0 +1,272 @@ + + + +Morphological and molecular evidence for new genera in the Afrotropical Cteninae (Araneae, Ctenidae) complex + + + +Author + +Henrard, Arnaud + + + +Author + +Jocqué, Rudy + +text + + +Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society + + +2017 + +Zool. J. Linn. Soc. + + +2016-10-28 + + +180 + + +1 + + +82 +154 + + + + +https://doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12461 + +journal article +10.1111/zoj.12461 +0024-4082 +14806584 +619E046-122D-425E-BA8B-29DC34628EB7 + + + + + + +AMICACTENUS + + + +GEN +. +NOV +. + + + + + +http://zoobank.org/ + +urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: +C9E86623- A29B-4237-A033-808421CE2676 + + + + + + +Type +species + + + + +Amicactenus pergulanus +(Arts, 1912) + +. Designated here. Detailed description in + +Steyn +et al. +(2003) + +. + + +Etymology + + +The generic name is a combination of ‘ +amicus +’ (friendly) and ‘ + +Ctenus + +’. It refers to the docile behaviour of the species belonging to the genus. The gen- der of the genus is masculine. + + +Diagnosis + + + +Amicactenus +species + +can be distinguished from the remaining +Ctenidae +by the presence of the particular modification of Mt IV on the legs of the male, consisting in a dense field of nodules (figs 32, 38, 57, 62, +63 in + +Steyn +et al. +, 2003 + +) [character 76(2)] in combination with an incised +MA +. Epigyne with a broad anterior part with a lateral flap on either side of a fairly densely setose central part. + + +Description + + +Ecribellate ctenids. Medium to large size, body length (males and females) 9 +– +24. Carapace piriform ( +Figs 7A, C; S +2A, S +3A, S +4A +), dark brown to black with pattern of pale stripes; thoracic groove longitudinal, in the posterior third. Chilum divided. Clypeus with long erect black bristles. Ctenid eyes pattern 2 +– +4 +– +2, with the anterior and posterior row recurved in dorsal view. Eyes round, except oval anterior lateral eyes. Chelicerae dark brown, with long erect hairs; promargin with three teeth, the median higher than the laterals; retromargin with four teeth of equal size; intermarginal denticles present. Endites brown with lighter apical area, external lateral margin excavated, distally bearing dense apical scopulae and subapical serrula. Labium brown, distally rounded bearing dense apical scopula. Sternum medium to dark brown, shield-shaped, not extending between coxae IV. Legs brown. Male legs more elongate and slender than female legs. Mt IV elongate, with dense, ventrolateral field of nodules ( +Fig. S3B, C +). Trochanters notched. Abdomen oval ( +Fig. 7B, D; S +2A, S +3A, S +4A, B +), with dispersed setae forming specific pattern often with pairs of dark spots; ventral coloration pattern species-specific, often dark. Male palp ( +Figs 8A, B +, + +9A +– +C; S + +2F, G, S + +3D +– +F, S + +4C, D +): tibia with ventral process on distal margin; +RTA +bifid, originating at short distance from distal margin; cymbium with elongate tip, without horn at base; subtegulum prolateral; tegulum oval; +MA +with dorsal concavity, short, widened and rounded at extremity, prolateral margin deeply incised; embolus wide, short, curved apex provided with laminar process; locking lobes present; conductor c-shaped hyaline. Epigyne ( +Figs 8C +, + +10A +– +D; S + +2B, C, S +3G, H, S +4E +): divided in +MS +and two lateral sectors +LS +; +MS +with broad frontal part with two lateral flaps, centrally constricted, posterior part widened; +LS +with sharp, curved +LP +; vulva ( +Figs 10E, F; S +2D, E, S +4F, G +) with spermathecae oval, sometimes slightly constricted. + + + + +Figure 7. + +Amicactenus mysticus + +sp. nov. + +: A, B, Ht male (DNA-N06, MRAC 238226); C, D, Pt female (MRAC 238919); A, male carapace, dorsal view; B, male abdomen, dorsal view; C, female carapace, dorsal view; D, female abdomen, dorsal view. Scale bars = 2 mm. + + + +Composition + + +Four species: + +A. eminens + +( + +Fig. S2A +– +G + +), + +A. pergulanus +(Arts, 1912) + +( + +Fig. S4A +– +G + +), + +A. fallax +(Steyn & Van der Donck, 2003) + +( + +Fig. S3A +– +H + +), + +A. mysticus + +sp. nov. + + + + +Figure 8. + +Amicactenus mysticus + +sp. nov. + +: A, B, Ht male (DNA-N06, MRAC 238226); C, female (MRAC 243295); A, male palp, retrolateral view; B, as previous, ventral view; C, epigyne, ventral view. Arrow indicates detached MA serving as plug. C: conductor, CO: copulatory opening, E: embolus, LP: lateral process, MA: median apophysis, MS: median sector, PP: posterior plate. Scale bars += +1 mm. + + + +Distribution + +Rainforest of Central and West Africa. + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/D6/2D/4A/D62D4A343231FFBCB90A28397137B4D6.xml b/data/D6/2D/4A/D62D4A343231FFBCB90A28397137B4D6.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..5fbed63b2f9 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/D6/2D/4A/D62D4A343231FFBCB90A28397137B4D6.xml @@ -0,0 +1,240 @@ + + + +Morphological and molecular evidence for new genera in the Afrotropical Cteninae (Araneae, Ctenidae) complex + + + +Author + +Henrard, Arnaud + + + +Author + +Jocqué, Rudy + +text + + +Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society + + +2017 + +Zool. J. Linn. Soc. + + +2016-10-28 + + +180 + + +1 + + +82 +154 + + + + +https://doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12461 + +journal article +10.1111/zoj.12461 +0024-4082 +14806584 +619E046-122D-425E-BA8B-29DC34628EB7 + + + + + + +NIMBANAHITA + + + +GEN +. +NOV +. + + + + + +http://zoobank.org/rn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: +14E9A4E4- F1E3-4D3C-AF6E-83A715794399 + + + + + +Type +species + + + + +Nimbanahita montivaga + +sp. nov. + + +Etymology + + +The generic name is a combination of ‘Nimba’ and ‘ + +Anahita + +’ referring to the +type +locality of the +type +species. + + +Diagnosis + + +The diagnostic characters of the monospecific genus + +Nimbanahita + +are mentioned under the diagnosis of the +type +species. The gender of the genus is feminine. + + +Affinities + + + +Nimbanahita + +shares some characters with + +Thoriosa + +: the eye position with +AME +small and close together, the endites with straight or convex retrolateral margins; the male palps share the short cymbium; females have a similar epigyne in which the +LP +and +LS +are only visible as short hooks behind the +MS +which is wider than long and folded [character 45 (1)]. It appears to be much more closely related to + +Anahita + +, which is reflected in both the morphological and the molecular analysis. It shares with + +Anahita + +a large +MA +with groove that accomodates the thin, long curved embolus and the +LP +of the epigyne behind the +MS +. + +Nimbanahita + +can be distinguished from + +Anahita + +by the absence of converging hairs between +PME +, the absence of a small retroapical spine on the palpal tibia and the presence of an +RTA +. + + +Description + + +Ecribellate ctenids. Medium size, body length (males and females) 7 +– +10.5. Carapace ( + +Fig. 24 A +– +D + +) piriform, highest point at level of coxae IV, brownish with paler central and lateral bands; dispersed dark setae and pale setae along anterior margins; thoracic groove longitudinal, located in the posterior third of the carapace. Chilum divided. Clypeus with few erect black bristles. Ctenid eye pattern 2 +– +4 +– +2, with the anterior and posterior row recurved in dorsal view. Eyes round, except oval anterior lateral eyes. Chelicerae yellowish brown, with few hairs; promargin with three teeth, the median higher than the laterals; retromargin with four teeth, basal smallest; intermarginal denticles absent. Endites brown with lighter apical area, external lateral margin almost straight, distally bearing dense apical scopulae and subapical serrula. Labium brown, distally rounded, distal margin with row of bristles. Sternum medium to pale brown, shield-shaped, not extending between coxae IV. Legs brown; scopulae poorly developed, restricted to tarsi; numerous erect spines (at least in alcohol); male legs slightly more elongate and slen- der than female legs. Trochanters notched. Abdomen oval ( + +Fig. 24A +– +D + +), with dispersed short setae. Male palp ( +Figs 25A, B +, +26A, B +): patella slightly swollen, as long as tibia; tibia short with distal crown of setae and small +RTA +, originating near distal margin; cymbium short, blunt, base with ventral hairy swelling; subtegulum prolateral; tegulum oval; +MA +with notch and median projection; embolus slender, cylindrical; locking lobes present; conductor short, straight with rounded distal margin, hyaline. Epigyne ( +Figs 25C +, +27A, B +): broad +MS +, folded; +LS +situated far backward, behind +MS +, with +LP +only visible as short, blunt projections. Vulva ( +Fig. 27C, D +) with spermathecae far apart, almost perfectly globular. + + + + +Figure 24. + +Nimbanahita montivaga + +sp. nov. + +: A, B, Ht male (DNA-N69, MRAC 239024); C, Pt female (MRAC 239239); D, Pt female (DNA-N68, MRAC 239024); A, male, habitus, dorsal view; B, as previous, lateral view; C, female, habitus, dorsal view; D, as previous, lateral view. Scale bars = 1 mm. + + + +Composition + + +Monospecific: + +Nimbanahita montivaga + +sp. nov. + + +Distribution + + +Only known from +Mt. Nimba +in +Guinea +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/D6/2D/4A/D62D4A343233FFB2B94829B0764CB60F.xml b/data/D6/2D/4A/D62D4A343233FFB2B94829B0764CB60F.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..4455aff469e --- /dev/null +++ b/data/D6/2D/4A/D62D4A343233FFB2B94829B0764CB60F.xml @@ -0,0 +1,366 @@ + + + +Morphological and molecular evidence for new genera in the Afrotropical Cteninae (Araneae, Ctenidae) complex + + + +Author + +Henrard, Arnaud + + + +Author + +Jocqué, Rudy + +text + + +Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society + + +2017 + +Zool. J. Linn. Soc. + + +2016-10-28 + + +180 + + +1 + + +82 +154 + + + + +https://doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12461 + +journal article +10.1111/zoj.12461 +0024-4082 +14806584 +619E046-122D-425E-BA8B-29DC34628EB7 + + + + + + +NIMBANAHITA +MONTIVAGA + + + +SP +. +NOV +. + + +( + +FIGS +24A +– +D + +, + +25A +– +C + +, +26A, B +, + +27A +– +D + +) + + + +http://zoobank.org/ + +urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: +D7933F36- AD8D-4C61-92F3-946CFB7F3F70 + + + + + +Type material + + + + +Holotype +, male + +: +GUINEA +: +Mt. Nimba +, near +Geology +base, mare +d’Hivernage +, + +7 +° +39 + +0 + +N + +, + +8 +° +22 + +0 + +W + +, + +1614 m +asl + +, + +15.II.2012 + +, +pitfall +, +Van den Spiegel D. +, +Henrard A. +, +Allard C. +, +Bimou P. +& +Sidibe M. +( +DNA-N69 +, +MRAC 239024 +). + + + + + +Paratypes + +: +1 ♀ +: together with +holotype +( +MRAC 239024 +) + +; + +2♂ +: further data as holotype ( +MRAC 239741 +) + +; + +1 ♀ +: +Guinea +, +Mt. Nimba, Geology +Base Kaiser +2, + +7 +° +40 + +0 + +N + +, + +8 +° +22 + +0 + +W + +, + +1465 m +asl + +, + +13.II.2012 + +, +pitfall +, +Van den Spiegel D. +, +Henrard A. +, +Allard C. +, +Bimou P. +& +Sidibe M. +( +DNA-N68 +, +MRAC 239239 +) + +; + + +Etymology + +The species name is an adjective referring to the mid-altitude habitat of the species. + +Diagnosis + + +Males of + +Nimbanahita montivaga + +are recognized by the peculiar palp ( +Figs 25A, B +, +26A, B +) with short tibia and very short +RTA +, complex, large +MA +and long, curved, cylindrical embolus. The female is recognized by the wide epigyne ( +Figs 25C +, + +27A +– +D + +) with a pointed posterior margin and the widely separated, globular spermathecae. + + +Description + + +Male +( +holotype +). Total length 10.3. Carapace 5.8 long and 4.5 wide. Clypeus 0.13 high. Eye diameters: +AME +0.13, +ALE +0.13, +PME +0.33, +PLE +0.33. Coloration: ( +Fig. 24A, B +) carapace brownish yellow with broad paler median and lateral bands; with dark radiating striae in between bands; legs yellow, metatarsi dark brown, tarsi pale brown; chelicerae yellow; endites, labium and sternum pale yellow; abdomen dorsum dark grey with triangular orange patch in front; black and white setae in front and along grey sides, mottled with black; venter pale grey with dark crescent-shaped markings. No apodemes. Chelicerae with three promarginal teeth, median slightly larger; four retromarginal subequal teeth; without intermarginal denticles. Leg measurements: I: femur 3.9/ patella 1.6/ tibia 2.6/ metatarsus 2.8/ tarsus 1.1/ total 12.0; II: 3.9/ 1.4/ 2.5/ 2.6/ 1.0/ 11.4; III: 2.7/ 1.3/ 2.1/ 2.3/ 1.1/ 9.5; IV: 3.4/ 1.5/ 2.8/4.0/ 1.3/13.0. Leg formula 4123. Leg spination: femur I pl1-1 d1-1-1 rl1-1- 1, II pl1-1 d1-1-1 rl1-1-1-1, III pl1-1-1 d1-1-1 rl1-1-1, IV pl1-1 d1-1-1 rl1-1-1-21; patella I rl1, II rl1, III rl1- 2, IV rl1; tibia I v2-2-2-2-2 rl1-1, II v2-2-2-2-2 pl1 d1- 1-1 rl1, III v2-2-2 pl1-1 d1-1 rl1-1, IV v2-2-2 pl1-1 d1-1-1 rl1-1; metatarsus I v2-2-2 pl1 rl1-1, II v2-2-2 pl1-1-1 rl1-1, III v2-2-2 pl1-1-1 d1 rl1-1-1, IV v2-2-2-1 pl1-1-1 d1 rl1-1-1; Mt IV unmodified. Palp ( +Figs 25A, B +, +26A, B +): patella as long as tibia, slightly swollen; tibia short with small rectangular +RTA +at about 1/4 from distal margin, with long setae retrolaterally; one median, prolateral macroseta; cymbium with small setose basal swelling; embolus thin, cylindrical, slightly curved; +MA +large, complex; almost as long as 2/3 of bulbus, strongly hooked at distal end. Without distal membrane. + + +Female +( +paratype +, together with +holotype +). Total length 7.3. Carapace 5.8 long and 4.5 wide. Clypeus 0.16 high. Eye diameters: +AME +0.20, +ALE +0.16, +PME +0.33, +PLE +0.36. Coloration ( +Fig. 24C, D +) as in male but chelicerae reddish brown; legs: femora yellow with two dark rings, patellae and tibiae pale brown with one and two dark rings, respectively; Mt and t brown. Chelicerae with three promarginal teeth, median larger; four retromarginal subequal teeth; without intermarginal denticles. Leg measurements: I: femur 3.05/ patella 1.63/ tibia 2.84/ metatarsus 2.41/ tarsus 0.92/ total 10.85; II: 2.84/ 1.07/ 2.34/ 2.41/ 0.92/ 9.58; III: 2.63/ 1.35/ 1.99/ 2.27/ 0.92/ 9.16; IV: 3.62/ 1.42/ 2.70/ 3.34/ 1.14/ 12.22. Leg formula 4123 Leg spination: femur I pl1-1-1 d1-1-1 rl1-1, II pl1-1-1 d1-1-1 rl1-1-1, III pl1-1-1 d1-1-1 rl1-1-1, IV d1-1-1 rl1-1; patella I, II none, III pl1, IV rl1 pl1; tibia I v2-2-2-2-2 pl1, II v2-2- 2-2-2 pl1, III v2-2-2 pl1-1 d1-1-1 rl1-1, IV v2-2-2 pl1-1 d1-1-1 rl1-1; metatarsus I v2-2-2, II v2-2-2, III v2-2-2 pl1-1-1 rl1-1-1, IV v2-2-2 pl1-1-1 d1 rl1-1-1; Mt IV unmodified. Epigyne ( +Figs 25C +, +27A, B +): +MS +wider than long, posterior margin with pointed median protrusion, anterior central part membranous; +LP +situated behind posterior margin of +MS +, almost straight, converging, with blunt tip. Vulva ( +Figs 27C, D +) with copulatory ducts very short; spermathecae almost perfectly globular, separated by 1.5 times their diameter. + + + + +Figure 25. + +Nimbanahita montivaga + +sp. nov. + +: A, B, Ht male (DNA-N69, MRAC 239024); C, Pt female (DNA-N68, MRAC 239024); A, male palp, retrolateral view; B, as previous, ventral view; C, epigyne, ventral view. Scale bars = 0.5 mm. + + + + + +Figure 26. + +Nimbanahita montivaga + +sp. nov. + +, Ht male (DNA-N69, MRAC 239024): A, palp, retrolateral view; B, as previous, ventral view. Scale bar = 0.5 mm. + + + +Distribution + + +Only known from +Mt. Nimba +in +Guinea +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/D6/2D/4A/D62D4A343234FFB9B8852EE677AFB712.xml b/data/D6/2D/4A/D62D4A343234FFB9B8852EE677AFB712.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..3aceff141bc --- /dev/null +++ b/data/D6/2D/4A/D62D4A343234FFB9B8852EE677AFB712.xml @@ -0,0 +1,386 @@ + + + +Morphological and molecular evidence for new genera in the Afrotropical Cteninae (Araneae, Ctenidae) complex + + + +Author + +Henrard, Arnaud + + + +Author + +Jocqué, Rudy + +text + + +Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society + + +2017 + +Zool. J. Linn. Soc. + + +2016-10-28 + + +180 + + +1 + + +82 +154 + + + + +https://doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12461 + +journal article +10.1111/zoj.12461 +0024-4082 +14806584 +619E046-122D-425E-BA8B-29DC34628EB7 + + + + + + +MACROCTENUS +VANDENSPIEGELI + + + +SP +. +NOV +. + + +( + +FIGS +21A +– +C + +, + +22A +– +E + +, + +23A +– +E + +) + + + +http://zoobank.org/ + +urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: +C3A7B56A- 5D09-4D04-A1D6-1FCA862BEEB4 + + + + + +Type material + + + + +Holotype +, male + +: +GUINEA +: +Mt. Nimba, Cavally +river, + +07 +° +40 + +0 + +N + +, + +8 +° +26 + +0 + +W + +, + +587 m +asl + +, + +23.II.2012 + +, hand collecting at night, in cave, +Van den Spiegel D. +, +Henrard A. +, +Allard C. +, +Bimou P. +& +Sidibe M. +( +DNA-N16 +, +MRAC 238909 +). + + + +Paraype +: + +1 ♀ +: +GUINEA +: +Mt. Nimba, Seringbara, Kpeleyi Forest +, + +07 +° +39 + +0 + +N + +, + +8 +° +26 + +0 + +W + +, + +601 m +asl + +, + +21.II.2012 + +, hand collecting, in cave, +Van den Spiegel D. +, +Henrard A. +, +Allard C. +, +Bimou P. +& +Sidibe M. +( +DNA-N11 +, +MRAC 238908 +) + +. + + +Etymology + + +The species name is a patronym in honour of Didier Van den Spiegel who headed the +Mt. Nimba +expeditions and collected many specimens of +Ctenidae +during the 2008, 2010 and 2011 field work. + + +Diagnosis + + +The male of + +Macroctenus vandenspiegeli + +sp. nov. +shares the long ventral pilosity of the palp ( +Figs 21A, B +, + +22A +– +E + +) with + +M. kingsleyi + +, but in the latter the +RTA +is sharper and has a double tooth at the inferior tip ( +Fig. S6F, G +), its +MA +is narrower in the middle than at the base ( +Fig. S6H +), whereas it is wider in the middle than at the base in + +M. vandenspiegeli + +; the female is characterized by the epigyne ( +Figs 21C +, +23C +) with a subcircular +MS +and the almost straight bluntly tipped +LP +. In + +M. kingsleyi + +, the +MS +is wider than long ( +Fig. S6B, E +), whereas it is as wide as long and almost perfectly circular in + +M. vandenspiegeli + +. + + +Description + + +Male +( +holotype +). Total length 30.4. Carapace 15.9 long and 12.1 wide. Clypeus 0.72 high. Eye diameters: +AME +0.69, +ALE +0.30, +PME +0.75, +PLE +0.66. Coloration in ethanol ( +Fig. 23A, B +): carapace dark reddish brown, darker in eye region and on radiating striae, with dense golden pilosity; chelicerae black, mouthparts dark brown, sternum medium brown; legs: Fe, P and +T +uniform reddish brown, Mt and t black; abdomen dorsum pale to reddish brown with faint pale median stripe in anterior half; sides and venter medium brown, venter with two rows of small reddish apodemes. Carapace broad; eyes fairly small, clypeus relatively high. Chelicerae with three promarginal teeth, median larger; four retromarginal teeth, proximal distant from the remaining three, basal smallest; intermarginal denticles present. Leg measurements (second pair of legs missing): I: femur 17.9/ patella 7.2/ tibia 17.5/ metatarsus 16.0/ tarsus 5.7/ total 64.3; III: 14.2/ 6.1/ 11.8/ 13.9/ 4.1/ 50.0; IV: 19.2/ 6.1/ 16.0/ 21.4/ 4.7/ 67.4. Leg formula 41(2?)3. Leg spination: femur I pl1-1-1-1 d1-1-1 rl1-1-1-1, II pl1-1-1-1 d1- 1-1 rl1-1-1-1, III pl1-1-1-1 d1-1-1 rl1-1-1-1, IV pl1-1-1-1 d1-1-1 rl1-1-1-1; patella I pl1 rl1, II pl1 rl1, III pl1 rl1, IV pl1 rl1; tibia I v2-2-2-2 pl1-1 d1-1-1 rl1-1-1-1, II v2- 2-2-2 pl1-1 d1-1-1 rl1-1-1, III v2-2-2 pl1-1 d1-1-1 rl1-1, IV v2-2-2 pl1-1 d1-1-1 rl1-1; metatarsus I v2-2-1 pl1-1-1 rl1-1-1, II v2-2-1 pl1-1-1 rl1-1-1, III v2-2-2 pl1-1-1 d1-1 rl1-1-1, IV v2-2-2-1 pl1-1-1 d1-1-1 rl1-1-1; Mt IV not modified. Palp ( +Figs 21A, B +, + +22A +– +E + +): tibia fairly short, ventrally with dense, long pale hair cover, with three spines; +RTA +dorsolateral, short, conical, with blunt tip pointing outward and small triangular ventral projection; cymbium with dense hair cover in distal part; with retrolateral concavity delimited by small dorsal and ventral swellings. +MA +ampullate; twice as long as wide. Embolus with broad base; flat distal part slightly widened at tip. + + +Female +( +paratype +, DNA-N11, +MRAC +238908). + +Total length 33.9. Carapace 16.3 long and 13.5 wide. Clypeus 1.25 high. Eye diameters: +AME +0.69, +ALE +0.46, +PME +0.75, +PLE +0.69. Coloration in ethanol: very similar to male. Chelicerae with three promarginal teeth, median larger; four retromarginal teeth, proximal tooth distant from the remaining three, basal smallest; intermarginal denticles present. Leg measurements (first legs missing): II: femur 14.2/ patella 7.8/ tibia 14.5/ metatarsus 14.8/ tarsus 3.7/ total 55.0; III: 12.6/ 6.4/ 11.4/ 13.2/ 3.8/ 47.4; IV: 16.8/ 6.1/ 13.8/ 18.2/ 5.5/ 60.4. Leg formula 4(1?)23. Leg spination: femur I pl1-1-1-1 d1-1-1 rl1-1-1-1, II pl1-1-1-1 d1-1-1 rl1-1-1-1, III pl1-1-1-1 d1-1-1 rl1-1-1-1, IV pl1- 1-1-1 d1-1-1 rl1-1-1-1; patella I pl1 rl1, II pl1 rl1, III pl1 rl1, IV pl1 rl1; tibia I v2-2-2-2 pl1-1 d1-1-1 rl1-1, II v2-2-2-2 pl1-1 d1-1 rl1-1-1, III v2-2-2 pl1-1 d1-1-1 rl1-1, IV v2-2-2 pl1-1 d1-1-1 rl1-1; metatarsus I v2-2- 2-2 pl1-1 d1-1 rl1-1-1, II v2-2 pl1 rl1, III v2-2-2 pl1- 1-1 d1-1 rl1-1-1, IV v2-1-1-2-1 pl1-1-1 d1-1-1 rl1-1-1; +Mt IV +not modified. Epigyne ( +Figs 21C +, +23C +): +MS +with central plate almost perfectly round, slightly wider than long; narrow connections with rectangular anterior part and broad posterior transverse band. +LS +with bulky, straight and blunt +LP +. Vulva ( +Fig. 23D, E +) with large spermathecae close together, with two conspicuous atria + +. + + + + +Figure 21. + +Macroctenus vandenspiegeli + +sp. nov. + +: A, B, Ht male (MRAC 238909); C, Pt female (MRAC 238908); A, male palp, retrolateral view; B, as previous, ventral view; C, epigyne, ventral view. Scale bars += +1 mm. + + + + + +Figure 22. + +Macroctenus vandenspiegeli + +sp. nov. + +, Ht male (DNA-N16, MRAC 238909): A, male palp, retrolateral view; B, as previous, ventral view; C, as previous, detail; D, male palp, tibia, retrolateral view; E, as previous, ventral view. Scale bars A +– +C = 1 mm, D, E = 0.5 mm. + + + +Distribution + + +Only know from +Mt. Nimba +in +Guinea +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/D6/2D/4A/D62D4A34323DFFB0BBAA2BF87126B714.xml b/data/D6/2D/4A/D62D4A34323DFFB0BBAA2BF87126B714.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..61ef7e58e26 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/D6/2D/4A/D62D4A34323DFFB0BBAA2BF87126B714.xml @@ -0,0 +1,208 @@ + + + +Morphological and molecular evidence for new genera in the Afrotropical Cteninae (Araneae, Ctenidae) complex + + + +Author + +Henrard, Arnaud + + + +Author + +Jocqué, Rudy + +text + + +Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society + + +2017 + +Zool. J. Linn. Soc. + + +2016-10-28 + + +180 + + +1 + + +82 +154 + + + + +https://doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12461 + +journal article +10.1111/zoj.12461 +0024-4082 +14806584 +619E046-122D-425E-BA8B-29DC34628EB7 + + + + + + +PERICTENUS + + + +GEN +. +NOV +. + + + + + +http://zoobank.org/ + +urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: +966AF203- 2C4C-47E5-86BF-08DAC0E47CEA + + + + + + +Type +species + + + + +Perictenus molecula + +sp. nov. +Etymology + + + + +Figure 27. + +Nimbanahita montivaga + +sp. nov. + +, Pt female (DNA-N68, MRAC 239024): A, epigyne, ventral view; B, as previous, digested; C, as previous, dorsal view; D, as previous, dorsolateral view. Scale bars = 0.2 mm. + + + +The generic name is a combination of ‘ +peri +’ (around) and ‘ + +Ctenus + +’ referring to the phylogenetic place of the genus in relation to + +Ctenus + +. The gender of the genus is masculine. + + +Diagnosis + + +The diagnostic characters of this monospecific genus + +Perictenus + +are mentioned under the species diagnosis. + + +Description + + +Ecribellate ctenids. Medium size, body length (males and females) 11 +– +13. Carapace piriform ( +Fig. 28A, B +), brownish with paler central part and pattern of fine dark stripes; dispersed dark setae and pale setae along anterior margins; thoracic groove longitudinal, located in the posterior third of the carapace. Chilum divided. Clypeus with few erect black bristles. Ctenid eyes pattern 2 +– +4 +– +2, with the anterior and posterior row recurved in dorsal view. Eyes round, except oval anterior lateral eyes. Chelicerae dark brown, with long erect hairs; promargin with three teeth, the median higher than the laterals; retromargin with four teeth, basal smallest; intermarginal denticles absent. Endites brown with lighter apical area, external lateral margin excavated, distally bearing dense apical scopulae and subapical serrula. Labium brown, distally rounded bearing dense apical scopula. Sternum medium to dark brown, shield-shaped, not extending between coxae IV. Legs brown. Male legs slightly more elongate and slender than female legs. Trochanters notched. Abdomen oval ( +Fig. 28A, B +), with dispersed short setae. Male palp ( +Figs 29A, B +, + +30A +– +C + +): tibia short, with ventral projection and basal depression; +RTA +originating near posterior margin; cymbium short, blunt, with large dorsolateral horn at base, with ventral depression; subtegulum prolateral; tegulum oval; +MA +with dorsal concavity, massive, almost rounded; embolus wide, short, curved apex, with laminar process and pars pendula, with small, blunt, median projection pointing upward; locking lobes present; conductor short, curved, hyaline. Epigyne ( +Figs 29C +, + +31A +– +D + +): divided in +MS +and two +LS +; +MS +constricted in front and with very short subrectangular posterior part, central part wide, covering +LS +except for distal part of strongly curved, sharp hooks; spermathecae oval, converging towards the front ( +Fig. 31C, D +). + + + + +Figure 28. + +Perictenus molecula + +sp. nov. + +: A, Pt male (MRAC 238906); B, Pt female (DNA-N25, MRAC 238954); A, male, habitus, dorsal view; B, female, habitus, dorsal view. Scale bars += +5 mm. + + + +Composition + + +Monospecific: + +Perictenus molecula + +sp. nov. + + +Distribution + + +Only know from +Mt. Nimba +in +Guinea +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/D6/2D/4A/D62D4A34323FFFB4BBE32B4077BFB600.xml b/data/D6/2D/4A/D62D4A34323FFFB4BBE32B4077BFB600.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..ba8bef43f71 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/D6/2D/4A/D62D4A34323FFFB4BBE32B4077BFB600.xml @@ -0,0 +1,677 @@ + + + +Morphological and molecular evidence for new genera in the Afrotropical Cteninae (Araneae, Ctenidae) complex + + + +Author + +Henrard, Arnaud + + + +Author + +Jocqué, Rudy + +text + + +Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society + + +2017 + +Zool. J. Linn. Soc. + + +2016-10-28 + + +180 + + +1 + + +82 +154 + + + + +https://doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12461 + +journal article +10.1111/zoj.12461 +0024-4082 +14806584 +619E046-122D-425E-BA8B-29DC34628EB7 + + + + + + +PERICTENUS +MOLECULA + + + +SP +. +NOV +. + + +( + +FIGS +28A, B + +, + +29A +– +C + +, + +30A +– +C + +, + +31A +– +D + +) + + + +http://zoobank.org/ + +urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: +C7B098F7- 6774-4759-8975-303C872E5095 + + + + + +Type material + + + + +Holotype +, male + +: +GUINEA +: +Mt. Nimba, Cavally +river, + +7 +° +40 + +0 + +N + +, + +8 +° +26 + +0 + +W + +, + +587 m +asl + +, + +23.II.2012 + +, hand collecting at night, near the river, +Van den Spiegel D. +, +Henrard A. +, +Allard C. +, +Bimou P. +& +Sidibe M. +(DNA- N37, +MRAC 238944 +). + + + + + +Figure 29. + +Perictenus molecula + +sp. nov. + +: A, B, Ht male (DNA-N37, 238944); C, Pt female (MRAC 238953); A, male palp, retrolateral view; B, as previous, ventral view; C, epigyne, ventral view. Scale bars += +1 mm. + + + + + +Paratypes + +: +GUINEA +: +2 ♀ +: +Mt. Nimba +, near campsite +SMFG +, near +City +2, + +7 +° +42 + +0 + +N + +, + +8 +° +24 + +0 + +W + +, + +552 m +asl + +, + +08.III.2012 + +, hand collecting at night in natural cave, on the ground near the rock, +Van +den +Spiegel +D., +Henrard A. +, +Allard C. +, +Bimou P. +& +Sidibe M. +( +DNA-N25 +, +MRAC 238953 +) + +; + +1 ♂ +: +Mt. Nimba, Fouenyi Forest +, + +7 +° +37 + +0 + +N + +, + +8 +° +28 + +0 + +W + +, + +601 m +asl + +, + +1.III.2012 + +, sieving litter, +Van +den +Spiegel +D., +Henrard A. +, +Allard C. +, +Bimou +P. & +Sidibe +M. ( +MRAC 238755 +) + +; + +1 ♂ +: +Mt. Nimba, Seringbara, Isro Forest +, + +7 +° +38 + +0 + +N + +, + +8 +° +27 + +0 + +W + +, + +593 m +asl + +, + +24.II.2012 + +, sieving, soil litter, +Van +den +Spiegel +D., +Henrard A. +, +Allard C. +, +Bimou +P. & +Sidibe +M. ( +MRAC 238906 +) + +; + +1 ♂ +: +Mt. Nimba, Nounouyi Savannah +, near +Nounouyi River +, + +7 +° +41 + +0 + +N + +, + +8 +° +26 + +0 + +W + +, + +568 m +asl + +, + +20.II.2012 + +, hand collecting, near the river, +Van +den +Spiegel +D., +Henrard A. +, +Allard C. +, +Bimou +P. & +Sidibe +M. ( +MRAC 238942 +) + +; + +1 ♀ +: +Mt. Nimba, Heyetouna Forest +, + +7 +° +39 + +0 + +N + +, + +8 +° +19 + +0 + +W + +, + +687 m +asl + +, + +18.III.2012 + +, sieving, soil litter, +Van +den +Spiegel +D., +Henrard A. +, +Allard C. +, +Bimou +P. & +Sidibe +M. ( +MRAC 238952 +) + +; + +1 ♀ +: +Mt. Nimba +, near campsite +SMFG +, near +City +2, + +7 +° +42 + +0 + +N + +, + +8 +° +24 + +0 + +W + +, + +552 m +asl + +, + +3.II.2012 + +, hand collecting in front of natural cave at night, +Van +den +Spiegel +D., +Henrard A. +, +Allard C. +, +Bimou P. +& +Sidibe +M. ( +MRAC 238954 +) + +; + +1 ♂ +: +Mt. Nimba, Gba +valley, + +7 +° +41 + +0 + +N + +, + +8 +° +24 + +0 + +W + +, + +630 m +asl + +, + +31.I.2012 + +, primary forest, hand collecting, +Van +den +Spiegel +D., +Henrard A. +, +Allard C. +, +Bimou +P. & +Sidibe +M. ( +MRAC 241325 +) + +. + + +Etymology + +The species name is a noun in apposition referring to the fact that males and females were matched because of molecular data. + +Diagnosis + + +Males of + +Perictenus molecula + +are recognized by the palp ( +Figs 29A, B +, + +30A +– +C + +) with a basal retrolateral extension of the cymbium, the very short, blunt +RTA +originating near the base of the tibia, the embolus with a small dorsal appendage, and the almost rounded +MA +. The female is recognized by the broad oval epigyne ( +Figs 29C +, + +31A +– +D + +), conspicuously constricted in front, with large, ampullate spermathecae close together. + + +Description + + +Male +( +holotype +). Total length 11.7. Carapace 6.2 long and 5.2 wide. Clypeus 0.30 high. Eye diameters: +AME +0.23, +ALE +0.22, +PME +0.26, +PLE +0.34. Coloration ( +Fig. 28A +): carapace medium brown with slightly paler diamond-shaped area, faintly delimited by dark stripes, just behind eyes; with fairly thick cover of silvery setae near +PME +and on sides. Chelicerae dark brown, with paler brown stripes near base; sternum reddish brown, slightly darker along margin, with dark setae. Abdomen: dorsum black with reddish brown central band in anterior half, flanked by two shorter lateral bands, followed by three faint reddish brown chevrons; four reddish apodemes; sides cream with numerous short dark stripes; venter dark grey with four rows of apodemes each surrounded by small cream spot. Spinnerets yellow. Chelicerae with three promarginal teeth, median slightly larger; four retromarginal subequal teeth; without intermarginal denticles. Leg measurements: I: femur 5.5/ patella 2.6/ tibia 4.8/ metatarsus 5.0/ tarsus 2.1/ total 20.0; II: 5.1/ 2.4/ 4.3/ 4.6/ 1.8/ 18.2; III: 4.5/ 2.1/ 3.5/ 4.2/ 1.4/ 15.7; IV: 5.7/ 2.1/ 4.8/4.5/ 2.6/19.7. Leg formula 1423. Leg spination: femur I pl1-1-1 d1-1-1 rl1-1-1, II pl1-1-1-1 d1-1-1 rl1-1-1, III pl1-1-1-1 d1-1-1 rl1-1-1-1, IV pl1-1-1 d1-1-1 rl1-1; patella I pl1 rl1, II pl1 rl1, III pl1 rl1, IV pl1 rl1; tibia I v2-2-2-2-2 pl1-1 d1 rl1-1, II v2-2-2-2 pl1 d1 rl1-1, III v2-2-2 pl1-1 d1-1-1 rl1-1, IV v2-2-2 pl1-1 d1-1-1 rl1-1; metatarsus I v1-2-2 pl1-1-1 rl1-1-1, II v2-2-2 pl1-1-1 rl1-1-1, III v2-2-2 pl1-1-1-1 d1-2 rl1-1- 1, IV v2-2-2-2 pl1-1 d1-2 rl1-1-1; Mt IV unmodified; scopulae on t and Mt I and II on t III and IV. Palp ( +Figs 29A, B +, + +30A +– +C + +): tibia with one large dorsal and one large ventral seta; +RTA +short, blunt, originating near posterior margin; distal margin of tibia with retrolateral incision and large, rounded, ventral projection fitting basal concavity of cymbium; cymbium short, curved, with large conical extension near base, pointing laterad; distal tegular membrane triangular; embolus flat, curved, with small retrolateral blunt appendage pointing dorsally. +MA +subcircular with posterior margin slightly concave, distal margin with dorsal lip. + + +Female +( +paratype +, together with +holotype +). Total length 13.1. Carapace 6.5 long and 5.3 wide. Clypeus 0.36 high. Eye diameters: +AME +0.28, +ALE +0.23, +PME +0.30, +PLE +0.34. Coloration ( +Fig. 28B +) as in male but pattern less well pronounced, particularly on abdomen: dorsal pattern faint without chevrons, venter grey with poorly delimited spots; chelicerae uniform dark brown; legs: uniform pale brown at base to dark brown at extremity. Chelicerae with three promarginal teeth, median larger; four retromarginal subequal teeth; without intermarginal denticles. Leg measurements: I: femur 4.5/ patella 2.5/ tibia 3.8/ metatarsus 3.7/ tarsus 1.4/ total 15.9; II: 4.4/ 2.3/ 3.3/ 2.3/ 1.21/ 14.6; III: 3.9/ 2.0/ 2.8/ 2.9/ 1.1/ 12.5; IV: 5.0/ 2.1/ 4.1/ 5.3/ 1.8/ 18.3. Leg formula 4123. Leg spination: femur I pl1-1 d1-1, II pl1-1 d1-1-1 rl1-1, III pl1-1-1 d1-1-1 rl1-1-1, IV pl1-1 d1-1-1; patella I, II none, III pl1 rl1, IV pl1 rl1; tibia I v2-2-2-2-2, II v2- 2-2-2-2, III v2-2-2 pl1-1 d1-1 rl1-1, IV v2-2-2 pl1-1 d1-1 rl1-1; metatarsus I v2-2-2, II v2-2-2, III v2-2-2 pl1-1-1 rl1-1-1, IV v2-1-2-2 pl1-1-1 rl1-1-1; Mt IV unmodified; scopulae on t, Mt and distal half of +T +I, on Mt and t II and on t III and IV. Epigyne ( +Figs 29C +, +31A, B +) with broad plate, conspicuously constricted in front, with rounded sides; with pale yellow centre and broad dark sides; +LP +situated behind posterior margin of +MS +, strongly curved inwards, with sharp tip. Vulva ( +Fig. 31C, D +) with copulatory ducts very short; spermathecae large, ampullate, oblique, almost touching anteriorly. + + + + +Figure 30. + +Perictenus molecula + +sp. nov. + +, Ht male (DNA-N37, 238944): A, male palp, retrolateral view; B, as previous, ventral view; C, as previous, detail. Scale bars: A, B = 1 mm, C = 0.5 mm. + + + + + +Figure 31. + +Perictenus molecula + +sp. nov. + +, Pt female (DNA-N25, MRAC 238954): A, epigyne, ventral view; B, as previous, digested; C, as previous, dorsal view; D, as previous, dorsolateral view. Scale bars = 0.5 mm. + + + +Distribution + + +Only know from +Mt. Nimba +in +Guinea +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file