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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.198.79514" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-198-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="486F1F1B4F5854D2831AAA341B9A322C" ModsDocID="1314-2003-198-1" checkinTime="1654168732655" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Aubriot, Xavier & Knapp, Sandra" docDate="2022" docId="EB69E9BBA2C2109A3AFFFE048B881405" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 198: 1-270" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 198" docPubDate="2022-06-01" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.198.79514" docTitle="Solanum vagum Nees, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 17 (1): 48 1834" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" id="486F1F1B4F5854D2831AAA341B9A322C" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="486F1F1B4F5854D2831AAA341B9A322C" masterDocTitle="A revision of the " spiny solanums " of Tropical Asia (Solanum, the Leptostemonum Clade, Solanaceae)" masterLastPageNumber="270" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1654168732655" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:title>A revision of the " spiny solanums " of Tropical Asia (Solanum, the Leptostemonum Clade, Solanaceae)</mods:title>
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<mods:title id="A46722B31D7352E3876A6569CBC347F1">A revision of the " spiny solanums " of Tropical Asia (Solanum, the Leptostemonum Clade, Solanaceae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart>Aubriot, Xavier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Universite Paris-Saclay, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Ecologie Systematique et Evolution, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France & The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, UK</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="C1C713E7810C043E1C473E1ECC777DB9">Aubriot, Xavier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="212E10838D51C3E667C3CF3AF5368C52">Universite Paris-Saclay, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Ecologie Systematique et Evolution, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France & The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, UK</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart>Knapp, Sandra</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, UK</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="1637BB5EE4FD57A04F888FD6DECDF7C4">Knapp, Sandra</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="2B55E3E6835128844B89F87F67324681">The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, UK</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="DB989666782C5BBD4AACFCCBA6B2A085">PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EB69E9BBA2C2109A3AFFFE048B881405" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/EB69E9BBA2C2109A3AFFFE048B881405" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<treatment id="EB69E9BBA2C2109A3AFFFE048B881405" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195723723" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EB69E9BBA2C2109A3AFFFE048B881405" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/EB69E9BBA2C2109A3AFFFE048B881405" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" scope_family="Solanaceae">
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<subSubSection id="A614D108E749DA9E920FDBFA39F5DBC4" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="810941E7663594D9BD89E237A4EB8324" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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46.
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<taxonomicName authority="Nees, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 17 (1): 48 1834." authorityName="Nees, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 17 (1): 48" authorityYear="1834" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum vagum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vagum">Solanum vagum Nees, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 17(1): 48 1834.</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName id="AC49DAA29635C005A645505651A7D6AE" ID-CoL="99THW" authority="Nees, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 17 (1): 48 1834." authorityName="Nees, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 17 (1): 48" authorityYear="1834" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum vagum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vagum">Solanum vagum Nees, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 17(1): 48 1834.</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 76" captionStartId="F76" captionText="Figure 76. Solanum vagum B. Heyne ex Nees A herbarium specimen collected in India in 1818 (Herb. Wight s. n. (Wallich cat. 2624 A), K 001116638) B habit (field photograph, unvouchered, India) C detail view of an infructescence (field photograph, unvouchered, India). Photograph credits: A © copyright of the Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew B, C R. Vellingiri." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.198.79514.figure76" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/689769" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fig. 76</figureCitation>
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<subSubSection id="9AB7BAF9707BA6BF6677B1C425CEB8B6" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
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||||
<paragraph id="BD82803DE82940EFEF882BC1BAA52610" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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||||
<figureCitation id="C336F5F8568A4A610FBF1CA99515388C" captionStart="Figure 76" captionStartId="F76" captionText="Figure 76. Solanum vagum B. Heyne ex Nees A herbarium specimen collected in India in 1818 (Herb. Wight s. n. (Wallich cat. 2624 A), K 001116638) B habit (field photograph, unvouchered, India) C detail view of an infructescence (field photograph, unvouchered, India). Photograph credits: A © copyright of the Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew B, C R. Vellingiri." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.198.79514.figure76" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/689769" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fig. 76</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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||||
</subSubSection>
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||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<typeStatus>Type</typeStatus>
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||||
<subSubSection id="8C651217BEE893435FE338EAC4170816" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="291EA630106E886C86C0F0B671C9CDE2" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<typeStatus id="7EA9552DFCA8C6ED23428A75D6DEECE9">Type</typeStatus>
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||||
.
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||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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||||
<collectingCountry name="India">India</collectingCountry>
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||||
<paragraph id="8563778E62462D850CFD916F180D7783" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="086AAB204F7C87B3967C8203CF811436" name="India">India</collectingCountry>
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||||
. Sin. loc., "S. corymbosum Pers.?, hb. Wight",
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Herb. Wight s.n.</emphasis>
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||||
<emphasis id="9B7EC925F715AA62DE582AF7FEA9E8A5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Herb. Wight s.n.</emphasis>
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(Wallich cat. 2624b) (
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<typeStatus>lectotype</typeStatus>
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||||
<typeStatus id="01E297226A557896948CC00F76F4FF2E">lectotype</typeStatus>
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||||
, designated here: GZU [GZU000255872]; isolectotypes: K [K001152841], K-W [K001116639]).
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</paragraph>
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||||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<subSubSection id="E447FFA383972CA39587F410249A925B" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
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<paragraph id="1F8E2CE407500850DC1FBB6364E6C1A2" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
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||||
<paragraph id="96E8316184FDB25DAA7D0CFEF759AE19" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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||||
Erect shrubs 0.5-2.5 m tall, unarmed. Stems erect, terete, sparsely to moderately stellate-pubescent, soon glabrescent; pubescence of sessile to short-stalked porrect-stellate to somewhat multangulate trichomes, the stalks 0.1-0.2 mm long, the rays 4-12, 0.1-0.2 mm long, the midpoints shorter than or as long as the rays; new growth densely stellate-pubescent, the trichomes porrect-stellate, sessile or short-stalked, the stalks 0.1-0.2 mm long, the rays 6-8, 0.2-0.5 mm long, the midpoints equal to the rays; bark of older stems glabrescent, usually with only a few scattered stellate trichomes, greyish brown and somewhat shiny. Sympodial units plurifoliate, the leaves not geminate. Leaves simple, entire, the blades 5-15 cm long, 1.5-7 cm wide, lanceolate to narrowly elliptic to elliptic, membranous, discolorous; adaxial surface drying dark, glabrous or with a few scattered sessile porrect-stellate trichomes on the veins and lamina, the trichomes more delicate than those of the abaxial surfaces, with 4-8 rays 0.1-0.2 mm long and midpoints equal to the rays; abaxial surface paler, almost glabrous to moderately pubescent, the trichomes sessile or very short-stalked, the rays 4-8, 0.3-0.5 mm long, the midpoints equal to the rays; major veins 6-8 pairs, prominent and drying yellowish or darker than the lamina abaxially; base acute, somewhat oblique, but not markedly so; margins entire or slightly sinuate and irregularly lobed; apex acute to somewhat acuminate; petiole 2-6 cm long, 1/2 or more of the leaf blade length, glabrous to sparsely stellate-pubescent with porrect-stellate stellate trichomes like the stems. Inflorescences 3-8 cm long, apparently terminal or lateral, usually unbranched but occasional forked, with 4-10 flowers, 1-2 flowers open at any one time, glabrous to very sparsely pubescent with sessile porrect-stellate trichomes like those of the stems; peduncle 1-3 cm long; pedicels 1-1.2 cm long, 1-1.2 mm in diameter at the base, 1.5-1.8 mm in diameter at the apex, erect at anthesis, glabrous or sparsely stellate-pubescent like the inflorescence axes, articulated at the base or just above and leaving a minute peg on the inflorescence axis; pedicel scars spaced 1-3 mm apart. Buds ovoid, not markedly tapering, densely stellate-pubescent, strongly exerted from the calyx tube before anthesis, but the calyx acumens nearly to the tips of the buds. Flowers 5-merous, apparently all perfect. Calyx with the tube 1.5-2 mm long, conical, the lobes 1-2 mm long, 1-1.2 mm wide, narrowly deltate with a long subulate acumen to 2.5 mm long, glabrous or very sparsely pubescent abaxially with sessile porrect-stellate trichomes like those of the pedicels. Corolla 2-3 cm in diameter, white, stellate, lobed nearly to the base, the lobes 8-10 mm long, 2.5-3 mm wide, narrowly deltate, spreading at anthesis, glabrous adaxially, moderately pubescent abaxially with sessile stellate porrect trichomes, the rays 3-10, ca. 0.1 mm long, the midpoints equal to the rays, the tips somewhat cucullate. Stamens equal in bud, unequal at anthesis, with 4 short and one long and curved; long anther 7-9 mm long and strongly curved upwards, 1-1.5 mm wide, the short anthers 3-6 mm long, 1-1.5 mm wide, elliptic but the longer one somewhat tapering, all yellow, glabrous, poricidal at the tips, the pores directed distally and not elongating with age; filament tube minute, glabrous; free portion of all filaments ca. 0.5 mm long, glabrous; Ovary conical, glabrous or with a few porrect-stellate trichomes at the apex; style 9-11 mm long, slender, strongly curved in same direction as the long anther, glabrous or with a few porrect-stellate trichomes at the very base; stigma capitate, minutely papillate. Fruit a globose berry, 2-4 per infructescence, 0.8-1 cm in diameter, red at maturity, the pericarp thin and shiny, glabrous; fruiting pedicels 1.5-1.8 cm long, ca. 1 mm in diameter at the base, 2-2.5 mm in diameter at the apex, woody and erect; fruiting calyx lobes not markedly accrescent, splitting to the base and expanding to 4-6 mm long including the acumen which often breaks off in dry specimens. Seeds 10-20 per berry, 4-4.5 mm long, 3-4 mm wide, flattened-reniform, pale tan, the surfaces smooth in the seed centre, minutely pitted on the thickened margins, the testal cells somewhat sinuate in outline. Chromosome number; n = 12 (
|
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/00087114.1968.10796312" author="Madhavadian, P" journalOrPublisher="Caryologia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="343 - 347" refId="B154" refString="Madhavadian, P, 1968. Chromosome numbers in south Indian Solanaceae. Caryologia 21 (4): 343 - 347, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00087114.1968.10796312" title="Chromosome numbers in south Indian Solanaceae." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/00087114.1968.10796312" volume="21" year="1968">Madhavadian 1968</bibRefCitation>
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||||
<bibRefCitation id="4A4F86A217E8CE6014B21C5E50DC9473" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/00087114.1968.10796312" author="Madhavadian, P" journalOrPublisher="Caryologia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="343 - 347" refId="B154" refString="Madhavadian, P, 1968. Chromosome numbers in south Indian Solanaceae. Caryologia 21 (4): 343 - 347, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00087114.1968.10796312" title="Chromosome numbers in south Indian Solanaceae." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/00087114.1968.10796312" volume="21" year="1968">Madhavadian 1968</bibRefCitation>
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||||
).
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||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.198.79514.figure76" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/689769" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 76" startId="F76">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 76.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Nees, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 17 (1): 48" authorityYear="1834" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum vagum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vagum">
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||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum vagum</emphasis>
|
||||
<caption id="A8EF521490AD56ABA4825E7CE7D74A5C" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.198.79514.figure76" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/689769" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 76" startId="F76">
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<paragraph id="2B5771D7BA57AEF71ADDB35B72457228" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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||||
<emphasis id="52EBF9D9B4043D3C67BFCF8E16D33614" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 76.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="8467FF4710E947A7D4C9A94917889729" authorityName="Nees, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 17 (1): 48" authorityYear="1834" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum vagum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vagum">
|
||||
<emphasis id="49C587DB463EDBB4FE78F791F9C8E417" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum vagum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
B.Heyne ex Nees
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="D30134D9E9BA8B432585395759A0360E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
|
||||
herbarium specimen collected in India in 1818 (
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Herb. Wight s.n.</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="098133583ED8302BDB8143692B734FFC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Herb. Wight s.n.</emphasis>
|
||||
(Wallich cat. 2624A), K001116638)
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="BA9EAD8DC09E3FEC02327116478F6177" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
|
||||
habit (field photograph, unvouchered, India)
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="CFFAF79B40FDD406ADAC0EFBB58ADCD9" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
|
||||
detail view of an infructescence (field photograph, unvouchered, India). Photograph credits:
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="28DAF1722EB467004E4422DEC7A2F2D5" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
|
||||
© copyright of the Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B, C</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="F3E02FB22EF959D4E82430EC69DFB00D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B, C</emphasis>
|
||||
R. Vellingiri.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.198.79514.figure77" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/689770" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 77" startId="F77">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 77.</emphasis>
|
||||
<caption id="54BB2ED1383F0DC13F3CA620F7C52036" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.198.79514.figure77" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/689770" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 77" startId="F77">
|
||||
<paragraph id="3A8C750ECBB6165832A7E8C7B94BF1FA" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C79F8B7BDD85F06DA900990953FE598B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 77.</emphasis>
|
||||
Distribution of
|
||||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="S." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. vagum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="vagum">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. vagum</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="3C1FF9E180E39F4A0F2027E30898D501" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. vagum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vagum">
|
||||
<emphasis id="48EAEEB0B5FE228B97541A3888998E7A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. vagum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="8C29A6D455F8929100D48979698D9DF6" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8F4244A74395C07D993EBBCF8B188EFD" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="0FB2A28AEFFE0526B653111AFC8A7411" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<emphasis id="51C2BD612CB92E396C4224675BAD6D34" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
(Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 77" captionStartId="F77" captionText="Figure 77. Distribution of S. vagum." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.198.79514.figure77" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/689770" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">77</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="F645CF388EE8A345241C8435A9F01DAA" captionStart="Figure 77" captionStartId="F77" captionText="Figure 77. Distribution of S. vagum." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.198.79514.figure77" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/689770" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">77</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Nees, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 17 (1): 48" authorityYear="1834" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum vagum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vagum">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum vagum</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="EC3B049D5DDC077C9134F09D0A87B35A" authorityName="Nees, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 17 (1): 48" authorityYear="1834" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum vagum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vagum">
|
||||
<emphasis id="268017E1A254BAE4E9C62651170453F5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum vagum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
occurs in southern India (states of Kerala and Tamil Nadu) and in Sri Lanka.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="ecology">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ecology and habitat.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Nees, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 17 (1): 48" authorityYear="1834" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum vagum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vagum">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum vagum</emphasis>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="1848919F1B8770A5CB7DA8690A9C6BAA" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="ecology">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8C4957254479C0100FCB3B2DE97150E9" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ecology and habitat.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="41879BA091E9B634BE05A225B0C455AC" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C5208E2E0F43D422CB04DE1E508E4EB6" authorityName="Nees, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 17 (1): 48" authorityYear="1834" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum vagum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vagum">
|
||||
<emphasis id="983411CD7F8829447B1F0B554C367CF7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum vagum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
grows in dry open woodland, degraded vegetation, grasslands and open areas; occurring from sea level to 750 m elevation.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="common names and uses">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Common names and uses.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">None recorded.</paragraph>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="FFBC532EB7B341A8ABCF1FA0AF662F22" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="common names and uses">
|
||||
<paragraph id="A2E24BD25E10FFF33BB0AB54E162FCB1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Common names and uses.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="331427FD200E9AA10C2DE96FD30DB83D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">None recorded.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="preliminary conservation status">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Preliminary conservation status</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="34D0CBCBE212FB65C9DB10F9A4EFF22F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="preliminary conservation status">
|
||||
<paragraph id="FE83C31205DD0D703C66D9551DEE876E" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Preliminary conservation status</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="2CF6CF7134B777F1B166F99A41DF0B51" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<emphasis id="E19FB2885198425316194BFBD7BB2725" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Hutchings, A" journalOrPublisher="AGRIVITA Journal of Agricultural Science" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" publicationUrl="http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf" refId="B105" refString="2019. . http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf" url="http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf" year="2019">IUCN 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="B13AF23ADF71BE8954330059A2168DBA" author="Hutchings, A" journalOrPublisher="AGRIVITA Journal of Agricultural Science" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" publicationUrl="http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf" refId="B105" refString="2019. . http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf" url="http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf" year="2019">IUCN 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
Least Concern (LC). EOO (75,338 km2, LC); AOO (76 km2, EN).
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Nees, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 17 (1): 48" authorityYear="1834" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum vagum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vagum">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum vagum</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="79898A4A850A13306F70C6FE7E7EEE8D" authorityName="Nees, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 17 (1): 48" authorityYear="1834" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum vagum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vagum">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BE72613BDEBE9BE32EFCD943F7E2CB8F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum vagum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is found both in southern India and Sri Lanka, and where it occurs it is a plant of open, disturbed areas, suggesting that it is not of immediate conservation concern.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Discussion.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Nees, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 17 (1): 48" authorityYear="1834" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum vagum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vagum">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum vagum</emphasis>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="516EBDAD293652F171FB59FB549A7FFE" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph id="F3CDC0A3ABAF0F054C5F05E223CBF9BF" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Discussion.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="AE508C6ADA0A030A559C645FF6BF1326" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="8B4F642569D674F21FBFA0661CDB47D5" authorityName="Nees, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 17 (1): 48" authorityYear="1834" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum vagum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vagum">
|
||||
<emphasis id="1ACA3B49528DBEC6B8C4B23A10A92BC8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum vagum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is morphologically similar and probably closely related to
|
||||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="S." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. pubescens" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="pubescens">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. pubescens</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="60DDE8877B70AF6C93281D5582025DB8" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. pubescens" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pubescens">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4DD6E41872C2D24EF1CAB23558CA82D0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. pubescens</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, sharing with that species zygomorphic flowers at anthesis, heteromorphic anthers and shiny berries on erect or slightly pendulous pedicels.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Hepper, FN" editor="Dassanayake, MD" journalOrPublisher="VI. Smithsonian Institution and Amerind Publishing, Washington DC and New Delhi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="365 - 409" refId="B96" refString="Hepper, FN, 1987. Solanaceae. In: Dassanayake, MD, Ed., A revised handbook to the flora of Ceylon, Vol. VI. Smithsonian Institution and Amerind Publishing, Washington DC and New Delhi: 365 - 409" title="Solanaceae." volumeTitle="A revised handbook to the flora of Ceylon, Vol." year="1987">Hepper (1987)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="2FE99B5389CF8D5020E140BA4802CDC2" author="Hepper, FN" editor="Dassanayake, MD" journalOrPublisher="VI. Smithsonian Institution and Amerind Publishing, Washington DC and New Delhi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="365 - 409" refId="B96" refString="Hepper, FN, 1987. Solanaceae. In: Dassanayake, MD, Ed., A revised handbook to the flora of Ceylon, Vol. VI. Smithsonian Institution and Amerind Publishing, Washington DC and New Delhi: 365 - 409" title="Solanaceae." volumeTitle="A revised handbook to the flora of Ceylon, Vol." year="1987">Hepper (1987)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
treated material of
|
||||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="S." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. vagum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="vagum">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. vagum</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F26AD98A8BF6B4541BE26C40934BB725" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. vagum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vagum">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4BC91452549832D2D13CC013523025B0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. vagum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
from Sri Lanka as
|
||||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="S." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. pubescens" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="pubescens">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. pubescens</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="855467A9857D262915F850E9A914B706" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. pubescens" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pubescens">
|
||||
<emphasis id="33A6B5115A38D346C7BAF9F8A9715811" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. pubescens</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
in the "Revised Handbook to the Flora of Ceylon". It differs from
|
||||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="S." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. pubescens" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="pubescens">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. pubescens</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="ECDFF4815F93F84C257173658C1E5409" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. pubescens" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pubescens">
|
||||
<emphasis id="5BE58BCBBF11B25DE0B8F2FB7FE8455C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. pubescens</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
in its complete lack of glandular pubescence, its narrowly elliptic leaves with attenuate bases and slightly larger, white (rather than violet) flowers. The pubescence of adaxial leaf surfaces of
|
||||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="S." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. vagum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="vagum">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. vagum</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F1055B29696554BFDD4E94358231ADA2" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. vagum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vagum">
|
||||
<emphasis id="D6CCDD7B704BF1DF6B3D6F4294F6B31F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. vagum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is of very sparse sessile stellate trichomes with midpoints usually equal to the rays, and the lamina is clearly visible, while in
|
||||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="S." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. pubescens" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="pubescens">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. pubescens</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="D258349BD178CCD36AC862E8C80F0695" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. pubescens" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pubescens">
|
||||
<emphasis id="FD73247C0EFDEF8C58D9E5B93768D1D8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. pubescens</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
the lamina of young leaves is obscured by the dense covering of glandular stellate to multangulate stalked trichomes with elongate midpoints. The two species apparently co-occur in southern India, while all specimens we have seen identified as
|
||||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="S." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. pubescens" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="pubescens">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. pubescens</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2C39466EB376B4272129E5EE71E48E18" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. pubescens" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pubescens">
|
||||
<emphasis id="6CBE62FE76B589D9D041479B6AA1CBD9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. pubescens</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
from Sri Lanka are referable to
|
||||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="S." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. vagum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="vagum">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. vagum</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="7C17327FD2F524AFFAAC336AC8AB61F7" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. vagum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vagum">
|
||||
<emphasis id="075496775107EDB714E6F90FE8BD6D26" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. vagum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<paragraph id="7C9BCC1536116D5243947AB181C6645A" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
The long anther in the flowers of
|
||||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="S." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. vagum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="vagum">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. vagum</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A0D5B847D64044948662F3C609D942BC" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. vagum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vagum">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CDA5E7AC83442BB38E4CFB03A49B49B3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. vagum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
appears to expand after anthesis; specimens with buds or very young flowers have the anthers all of equal size, while older flowers have one anther markedly longer than the rest. Post-anthesis anther expansion occurs in the unrelated
|
||||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="S." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. turneroides" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="turneroides">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. turneroides</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C0FC64BD4F136F8E7326FCEEAE102610" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. turneroides" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="turneroides">
|
||||
<emphasis id="0C15537F3C319FD0FAAC60B9448CAAA7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. turneroides</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Chodat (Brevantherum clade, see
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1600/036364413X666624" author="Stern, S" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="471 - 496" refId="B233" refString="Stern, S, Giacomin, LL, Stehmann, JR, Knapp, S, 2013. A revision of Solanum section Gonatotrichum Bitter (Solanaceae). Systematic Botany 38: 471 - 496, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1600/036364413X666624" title="A revision of Solanum section Gonatotrichum Bitter (Solanaceae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1600/036364413X666624" volume="38" year="2013">Stern et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="7853D4E45BD91FFC45E3A8B4226A3528" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1600/036364413X666624" author="Stern, S" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="471 - 496" refId="B233" refString="Stern, S, Giacomin, LL, Stehmann, JR, Knapp, S, 2013. A revision of Solanum section Gonatotrichum Bitter (Solanaceae). Systematic Botany 38: 471 - 496, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1600/036364413X666624" title="A revision of Solanum section Gonatotrichum Bitter (Solanaceae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1600/036364413X666624" volume="38" year="2013">Stern et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
) of southern South America. Buds of
|
||||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="S." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. pubescens" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="pubescens">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. pubescens</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="621BE9EB1FFBB21E1E4EB22209799BC0" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. pubescens" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pubescens">
|
||||
<emphasis id="437D158387ECA6A945FE91D1544FD100" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. pubescens</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and the African species
|
||||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="S." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. somalense" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="somalense">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. somalense</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="FE4A2CC06B89539DBE1139A59F7DFD77" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. somalense" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="somalense">
|
||||
<emphasis id="6A7CD740E6C8E68A63D81C7EEC64761A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. somalense</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Franch., which greatly resemble those of
|
||||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="S." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. vagum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="vagum">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. vagum</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="08DA8232F9EAFA08BCEA8B7DACF9D09E" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. vagum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vagum">
|
||||
<emphasis id="9A2012B26B7B6EDB4F8A34F16F25BBD8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. vagum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, also have the anthers of more or less equal length and buds that are not markedly curved.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Nees, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 17 (1): 48" authorityYear="1834" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum vagum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vagum">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum vagum</emphasis>
|
||||
<paragraph id="EB0D86A287BFBA8DA9F6081EED13B707" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="353A87E3A37FA38CE1A017B01A95EFD5" authorityName="Nees, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 17 (1): 48" authorityYear="1834" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum vagum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vagum">
|
||||
<emphasis id="16F8F2A98608E4AB862441E85EFF2952" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum vagum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is probably a member of the Giganteum clade (sensu
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/boj.12053" author="Vorontsova, MS" journalOrPublisher="Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="176 - 193" refId="B260" refString="Vorontsova, MS, Stern, S, Bohs, L, Knapp, S, 2013. African spiny Solanum (subgenus Leptostemonum, Solanaceae): A thorny phylogenetic tangle. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 173 (2): 176 - 193, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/boj.12053" title="African spiny Solanum (subgenus Leptostemonum, Solanaceae): A thorny phylogenetic tangle." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/boj.12053" volume="173" year="2013">Vorontsova et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="D971F86ECE055A148BBAFEDCFC6A0B27" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/boj.12053" author="Vorontsova, MS" journalOrPublisher="Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="176 - 193" refId="B260" refString="Vorontsova, MS, Stern, S, Bohs, L, Knapp, S, 2013. African spiny Solanum (subgenus Leptostemonum, Solanaceae): A thorny phylogenetic tangle. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 173 (2): 176 - 193, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/boj.12053" title="African spiny Solanum (subgenus Leptostemonum, Solanaceae): A thorny phylogenetic tangle." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/boj.12053" volume="173" year="2013">Vorontsova et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/boj.12412" author="Aubriot, X" journalOrPublisher="Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="199 - 223" refId="B8" refString="Aubriot, X, Singh, P, Knapp, S, 2016a. Tropical Asian species show the Old World clade of "spiny solanums" (subgenus Leptostemonum pro parte: Solanaceae) is not monophyletic. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 181 (2): 199 - 223, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/boj.12412" title="Tropical Asian species show the Old World clade of " spiny solanums " (subgenus Leptostemonum pro parte: Solanaceae) is not monophyletic." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/boj.12412" volume="181" year="2016 a">Aubriot et al. 2016a</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="C23FB991E47582F009ED3B14478609FA" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/boj.12412" author="Aubriot, X" journalOrPublisher="Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="199 - 223" refId="B8" refString="Aubriot, X, Singh, P, Knapp, S, 2016a. Tropical Asian species show the Old World clade of "spiny solanums" (subgenus Leptostemonum pro parte: Solanaceae) is not monophyletic. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 181 (2): 199 - 223, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/boj.12412" title="Tropical Asian species show the Old World clade of " spiny solanums " (subgenus Leptostemonum pro parte: Solanaceae) is not monophyletic." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/boj.12412" volume="181" year="2016 a">Aubriot et al. 2016a</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
) based on similarity with
|
||||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="S." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. pubescens" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="pubescens">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. pubescens</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2BA84406B29000CBD837FCD7B5F095CD" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. pubescens" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pubescens">
|
||||
<emphasis id="20165FB820C1FE9214F772B5FFADEDDA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. pubescens</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and the African/Middle Eastern species
|
||||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="S." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. somalense" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="somalense">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. somalense</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="BF5ED0C7AC5DD1EEAAD92ED9B24A7605" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. somalense" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="somalense">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4F9968A76EE883A01579F5EDD49BA236" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. somalense</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. These taxa can be distinguished from
|
||||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="S." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. giganteum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="giganteum">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. giganteum</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C463B786DF4F8324FD0321A8F4FF68B3" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. giganteum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="giganteum">
|
||||
<emphasis id="F8A97A97670FA5CBDE788FE7EF3B1704" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. giganteum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, the only other member of the group occurring in tropical Asia, by their zygomorphic flowers and calyx lobes with long subulate tips that are especially visible in bud.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">The species has been indicated as endemic to the southern part of the Western Ghats biodiversity hotspot (https://indiabiodiversity.org/biodiv/species/show/264048) but also occurs in Sri Lanka.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.1834.tb00017.x" author="Nees van Esenbeck, CG" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Linnean Society of London" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="37 - 82" refId="B187" refString="Nees van Esenbeck, CG, 1834. Monograph of East Indian Solanaeae. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 17 (1): 37 - 82, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.1834.tb00017.x" title="Monograph of East Indian Solanaeae." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.1834.tb00017.x" volume="17" year="1834">Nees van Esenbeck (1834)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<paragraph id="02261882F2145B16048BA79B18D36538" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">The species has been indicated as endemic to the southern part of the Western Ghats biodiversity hotspot (https://indiabiodiversity.org/biodiv/species/show/264048) but also occurs in Sri Lanka.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="DDF64D71262ABEA0663C6831D7F480F8" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="7214EB2D844934C5D6FE4FBEBB292156" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.1834.tb00017.x" author="Nees van Esenbeck, CG" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Linnean Society of London" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="37 - 82" refId="B187" refString="Nees van Esenbeck, CG, 1834. Monograph of East Indian Solanaeae. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 17 (1): 37 - 82, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.1834.tb00017.x" title="Monograph of East Indian Solanaeae." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.1834.tb00017.x" volume="17" year="1834">Nees van Esenbeck (1834)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
validated the herbarium name previously listed as Wallich cat. 2624 citing two collections; "
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Nees, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 17 (1): 48" authorityYear="1834" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum vagum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vagum">Solanum vagum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="318CF600E3F831E4E980A6FD90DD5A98" authorityName="Nees, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 17 (1): 48" authorityYear="1834" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum vagum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vagum">Solanum vagum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. Herb. Heyn., Wall. l.c." (Wallich cat. 2624a) and "
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Solanum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="0DBD0D5CAE997BC184B75DBBA9384B6E" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Solanum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
corymbosum? Herb. Wight" (Wallich cat. 2624b). We have selected the specimen at GZU that comes from Nees van
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Esenbeck’s">Esenbeck's</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="E8B3FD63FD3AD755B22312C7C48C3C44" originalValue="Esenbeck’s">Esenbeck's</normalizedToken>
|
||||
own herbarium (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Stafleu, FA" journalOrPublisher="Botanical Review" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" publicationUrl="https://www.sil.si.edu/DigitalCollections/tl-2/browse.cfm?vol=3page/721" refId="B231" refString="Stafleu, FA, Cowan, RS, 1981. Taxonomic Literature II. Vol 3: Authors Lh-O, ed. 2. Bonn, Scheltema & Holkema, Utrecht. https://www.sil.si.edu/DigitalCollections/tl-2/browse.cfm?vol=3page/721" title="Taxonomic Literature II. Vol 3: Authors Lh-O, ed. 2. Bonn, Scheltema & Holkema, Utrecht." url="https://www.sil.si.edu/DigitalCollections/tl-2/browse.cfm?vol=3page/721" year="1981">Stafleu and Cowan 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="B3EB021204F8B624DFD5479C4F5E579B" author="Stafleu, FA" journalOrPublisher="Botanical Review" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" publicationUrl="https://www.sil.si.edu/DigitalCollections/tl-2/browse.cfm?vol=3page/721" refId="B231" refString="Stafleu, FA, Cowan, RS, 1981. Taxonomic Literature II. Vol 3: Authors Lh-O, ed. 2. Bonn, Scheltema & Holkema, Utrecht. https://www.sil.si.edu/DigitalCollections/tl-2/browse.cfm?vol=3page/721" title="Taxonomic Literature II. Vol 3: Authors Lh-O, ed. 2. Bonn, Scheltema & Holkema, Utrecht." url="https://www.sil.si.edu/DigitalCollections/tl-2/browse.cfm?vol=3page/721" year="1981">Stafleu and Cowan 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
) as the lectotype for
|
||||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="S." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. vagum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="vagum">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. vagum</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="45330B0A2368DF9C60C6104152B5C1FE" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. vagum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vagum">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4F023E146D51A58FA54E103ED337D83B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. vagum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
because it is clear that it was used by Nees, comes from one of the original collections in the Wallich herbarium and has both mature flowers and fruits. This collection from the Wight herbarium (Wallich cat. 2624b) also has more widely distributed duplicates than the other syntype from the Heyne herbarium (Wallich cat. 2624a). Although a specimen in BM (BM000900081) is labelled "Wall. cat. 2624b" it is also labelled as being from "herb. Heyne" and so is here treated as a syntype, not as an isolectotype.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">See Suppl. materials 1-3.</paragraph>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="05A4E9875BEAFC8C41D056EB364F3C14" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph id="12ED9926137A9FE3C1CBBC55B8A50677" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="328059D983D83A9456D5871137A1CBFE" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">See Suppl. materials 1-3.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,312 +1,312 @@
|
|||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart>Salata, Sebastian</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="4E346EF6AB213820972D7DD900EF905A">Salata, Sebastian</mods:namePart>
|
||||
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|
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|
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|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart>Fisher, Brian L.</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="D30A9DE4CE276A85AB9678C06E8CAEA7">Fisher, Brian L.</mods:namePart>
|
||||
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|
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|
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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|
||||
<mods:title id="D7C3746744125A32F91D6518CD883C04">ZooKeys</mods:title>
|
||||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:part>
|
||||
<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
|
||||
<mods:detail type="volume">
|
||||
<mods:number>905</mods:number>
|
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<mods:part id="197150D0C7BB44192F0F50547999B955">
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<mods:date id="A53B30341ADDB68672C6C7535EB7E854">2020</mods:date>
|
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|
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<mods:number id="3CDB38FB90E53DE723A6A2CC230EF718">905</mods:number>
|
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|
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<mods:extent unit="page">
|
||||
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
|
||||
<mods:end>235</mods:end>
|
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="161777039" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:F27040F5-CB05-40AD-B4E5-A7532D3FCAF1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/EBE9B4F22626BF780709489D2BAC2F9C" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/F27040F5-CB05-40AD-B4E5-A7532D3FCAF1" authority="Salata & Fisher, 2020" authorityName="Salata & Fisher" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole praegrandis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="praegrandis" status="sp. nov.">Pheidole praegrandis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="1">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="F25" captionText="Figure 25. Pheidole praegrandis sp. nov., full-face view (A), profile (C), and dorsal view (E) of paratype minor worker (CASENT 0494945) and full-face view (B), profile (D), and dorsal view (F) of holotype major worker (CASENT 0494942)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373072" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figs 25A-F</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 85" captionStartId="F85" captionText="Figure 85. Hypostomal teeth. Pheidole madinika sp. nov. (A). P. mahaboensis sp. nov. (B). P. maizina sp. nov. (C). P. makaensis sp. nov. (D). P. makirovana sp. nov. (E). P. manantenensis sp. nov. (F). P. mantadia sp. nov. (G). P. marieannae sp. nov. (H). P. masoala sp. nov. (I). P. mavesatra sp. nov. (J). P. miramila sp. nov. (K). P. moramanaensis sp. nov. (L). P. navoatrensis sp. nov. (M). P. nemoralis Forel (N). P. ocypodea sp. nov. (O). P. parviocula sp. nov. (P). P. petax Forel (Q). P. podargea sp. nov. (R). P. praegrandis sp. nov. (S). P. ranohirensis sp. nov. (T). P. rugocephala sp. nov. (U). P. rugofitarata sp. nov. (V). P. scabrata Forel (W). P. typhlos sp. nov. (X). P. vatovavensis sp. nov. (Y). P. voasara sp. nov. (Z). P. vohemarensis sp. nov. (AA). P. zavamanira sp. nov. (AB)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure85" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373132" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 85S</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 88" captionStartId="F88" captionText="Figure 88. Distribution. Pheidole petax Forel (A). P. podargea sp. nov. (B). P. praegrandis sp. nov. (C). P. ranohirensis sp. nov. (D). P. rugocephala sp. nov. (E). P. rugofitarata sp. nov. (F). P. scabrata Forel (G). P. typhlos sp. nov. (H). P. vatovavensis sp. nov. (I). P. voasara sp. nov. (J). P. vohemarensis sp. nov. (K). P. zavamanira sp. nov. (L)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure88" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373135" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 88C</figureCitation>
|
||||
<treatment id="EBE9B4F22626BF780709489D2BAC2F9C" ID-GBIF-Taxon="161777039" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:F27040F5-CB05-40AD-B4E5-A7532D3FCAF1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/EBE9B4F22626BF780709489D2BAC2F9C" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" scope_family="Formicidae" scope_order="Hymenoptera">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="A2D22ECAA7C3D1DFDB45A48C22CDBE04" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph id="886CB9A1BBDCCE0E1AEE0063DBDE5AC9" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F762F09A497B013E6C1FFB4D5041AF60" ID-CoL="CMLQX" LSID="http://zoobank.org/F27040F5-CB05-40AD-B4E5-A7532D3FCAF1" authority="Salata & Fisher, 2020" authorityName="Salata & Fisher" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole praegrandis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="praegrandis" status="sp. nov.">Pheidole praegrandis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="FADBDA922EB095485709FF2FC40D0259" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="F504C1FF303C0868490EC75428BB9E25" captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="F25" captionText="Figure 25. Pheidole praegrandis sp. nov., full-face view (A), profile (C), and dorsal view (E) of paratype minor worker (CASENT 0494945) and full-face view (B), profile (D), and dorsal view (F) of holotype major worker (CASENT 0494942)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373072" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figs 25A-F</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="C67158549CBE01D9552F8CDC3E6C2801" captionStart="Figure 85" captionStartId="F85" captionText="Figure 85. Hypostomal teeth. Pheidole madinika sp. nov. (A). P. mahaboensis sp. nov. (B). P. maizina sp. nov. (C). P. makaensis sp. nov. (D). P. makirovana sp. nov. (E). P. manantenensis sp. nov. (F). P. mantadia sp. nov. (G). P. marieannae sp. nov. (H). P. masoala sp. nov. (I). P. mavesatra sp. nov. (J). P. miramila sp. nov. (K). P. moramanaensis sp. nov. (L). P. navoatrensis sp. nov. (M). P. nemoralis Forel (N). P. ocypodea sp. nov. (O). P. parviocula sp. nov. (P). P. petax Forel (Q). P. podargea sp. nov. (R). P. praegrandis sp. nov. (S). P. ranohirensis sp. nov. (T). P. rugocephala sp. nov. (U). P. rugofitarata sp. nov. (V). P. scabrata Forel (W). P. typhlos sp. nov. (X). P. vatovavensis sp. nov. (Y). P. voasara sp. nov. (Z). P. vohemarensis sp. nov. (AA). P. zavamanira sp. nov. (AB)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure85" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373132" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 85S</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="7875042B7D50F146B6CBAFCB61382976" captionStart="Figure 88" captionStartId="F88" captionText="Figure 88. Distribution. Pheidole petax Forel (A). P. podargea sp. nov. (B). P. praegrandis sp. nov. (C). P. ranohirensis sp. nov. (D). P. rugocephala sp. nov. (E). P. rugofitarata sp. nov. (F). P. scabrata Forel (G). P. typhlos sp. nov. (H). P. vatovavensis sp. nov. (I). P. voasara sp. nov. (J). P. vohemarensis sp. nov. (K). P. zavamanira sp. nov. (L)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure88" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373135" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 88C</figureCitation>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="type material">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type material.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Holotype</emphasis>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="AADFF1A18380DF7787E2B63A3563DA5C" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="type material">
|
||||
<paragraph id="EF4D83266ED197779B105511884EB962" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type material.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="7FFD0608C65B5604D3A4210803856ABD" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<emphasis id="80650FB71A19873A7D4371953DB5AA83" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<emphasis id="AE31DBE211E15FB220D0E671AB85798B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Holotype</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
Madagascar. •1 major worker; Antsiranana; Parc National de Marojejy, Manantenina River, 27.6 km 35°NE Andapa, 9.6 km 327°NNW Manantenina; -14.435, 49.76; alt. 775 m; 15 Nov 2003; B.L. Fisher et al. leg.; BLF08889, CASENT0494942, top specimen on the pin (CASC).
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Paratypes</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="42E702BD20844357B151F0BB175031DE" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<emphasis id="505371E33DE593167C68F188C3BA6728" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Paratypes</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
Madagascar. •9w., 2s.; same data as for holotype; CASENT0494952, CASENT0872086, CASENT0494943-CASENT0494945, CASENT0872223-CASENT0872229 (CASC).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Other material.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="5D5362BADB3386D58EDA612A8D48EA70" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph id="B1AD967FBBA5BB1BD30BD17047F09402" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Other material.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8C741DDD16DA86903AA473162CA228EB" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
Madagascar. -
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Antsiranana</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="A499029578DC0EBD94B914F67EA6FA8C" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Antsiranana</emphasis>
|
||||
: •1w., 1s.; Makirovana Forest;
|
||||
<geoCoordinate degrees="14.16044" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-14.16044">-14.16044</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="5C36EE5589D5DC39E7997559E1BA0BBF" degrees="14.16044" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-14.16044">-14.16044</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate degrees="49.95216" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="49.95216">49.95216</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="86603D75E1DA4911563DE59E5210DC7D" degrees="49.95216" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="49.95216">49.95216</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
; alt. 550 m; 1 May 2011; B.L. Fisher et al. leg. CASENT0212471 (CASC). •7w.; Makirovana Forest;
|
||||
<geoCoordinate degrees="14.17066" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-14.17066">-14.17066</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="6AAF630D90510783B0BD4B498DA81AA9" degrees="14.17066" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-14.17066">-14.17066</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate degrees="49.95409" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="49.95409">49.95409</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="92BCE1C428948645A93B12EED1F0F413" degrees="49.95409" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="49.95409">49.95409</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
; alt. 415 m; 29 Apr 2011; B.L. Fisher et al. leg. CASENT0212806, CASENT0231274, CASENT0236088, CASENT0236098 (CASC). •6w., 2s., 1q.; Makirovana Forest;
|
||||
<geoCoordinate degrees="14.16506" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-14.16506">-14.16506</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="FC26F1BBE5887C12FD9C9C884F117C39" degrees="14.16506" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-14.16506">-14.16506</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate degrees="49.9477" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="49.9477">49.9477</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="BE9B7E6BD260ECB2E96101A3D7DD3B2C" degrees="49.9477" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="49.9477">49.9477</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
; alt. 900 m; 30 Apr 2011; B.L. Fisher et al. leg.; CASENT0231001, CASENT0231002, CASENT0231012, CASENT0231014, CASENT0231043 (CASC). •4w., 2s., 2q.; Makirovana Forest; -14.16666, 49.95, alt. 715 m; 2 May 2011; B.L. Fisher et al. leg.; CASENT0231097, CASENT0231098, CASENT0231113, CASENT0231167 (CASC). •2w., 2s.; Masoala National Park;
|
||||
<geoCoordinate degrees="15.33058" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-15.33058">-15.33058</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="D5E5FA3FD7389C70DE9D4C332831452E" degrees="15.33058" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-15.33058">-15.33058</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate degrees="50.30279" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="50.30279">50.30279</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="C74DC1BA0E4556EA20864CB78E7855AE" degrees="50.30279" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="50.30279">50.30279</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
, alt. 250 m; 13 Mar 2014; B.L. Fisher et al. leg.; CASENT0374505, CASENT0377081 (CASC). •21w., 11s., 1q.; Parc National de Marojejy, Manantenina River, 27.6 km 35°NE Andapa, 9.6 km 327°NNW Manantenina; -14.435, 49.76; alt. 775 m; 15 Nov 2003; B.L. Fisher et al. leg.; CASENT0045333, CASENT0045341, CASENT0045357, CASENT0045368, CASENT0045372, CASENT0048887, CASENT0048895, CASENT0235122, CASENT0487704, CASENT0487706, CASENT0487825, CASENT0487903, CASENT0494780, CASENT0494781, CASENT0077076, CASENT0077079, CASENT0077119, CASENT0077122 (CASC). -
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fianarantsoa</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="0F3E8FB95FA075E5CE1EDE2B0C181CA1" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fianarantsoa</emphasis>
|
||||
: •4w.;
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Forêt">Foret</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="d’Ambalagoavy">d'Ambalagoavy</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="AFDAA74B1FCEEDFF71FE1995A85CC79C" originalValue="Forêt">Foret</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="676C757F83DCFECF066FA2931AD9DF65" originalValue="d’Ambalagoavy">d'Ambalagoavy</normalizedToken>
|
||||
Nord, Ikongo, Ambatombe;
|
||||
<geoCoordinate degrees="21.857068" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-21.857067">-21.857068</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="B1E35B66F8595389F648C56DDB686172" degrees="21.857068" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-21.857067">-21.857068</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate degrees="47.37849" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="47.37849">47.37849</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="F97E9CEA61FA4F08911DCF9B1924F511" degrees="47.37849" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="47.37849">47.37849</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
; alt. 625 m; 1 Dec 2000;
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Harin’Hala">Harin'Hala</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="2F09B21C485B9F06A1B7814519F28E4B" originalValue="Harin’Hala">Harin'Hala</normalizedToken>
|
||||
& Irwin leg.; CASENT0009561, CASENT0009562, CASENT0009566, CASENT0009571 (CASC). -
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Toamasina</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="B5B4D3B84ED8BECE17CE2479844C15B3" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Toamasina</emphasis>
|
||||
: •10w., 8s., 3q.; Montagne
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="d’Anjanaharibe">d'Anjanaharibe</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="0E78BE767E0041208BAA3FB4A73F265B" originalValue="d’Anjanaharibe">d'Anjanaharibe</normalizedToken>
|
||||
, 18.0 km 21°NNE Ambinanitelo;
|
||||
<geoCoordinate degrees="15.18833" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-15.18833">-15.18833</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="248CA0FB0C5DA6DB6CC1373AB15C7E19" degrees="15.18833" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-15.18833">-15.18833</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate degrees="49.615" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="49.615">49.615</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="B4F8850577F2E052E5D7089258154E6D" degrees="49.615" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="49.615">49.615</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
; alt. 470 m; 8 Mar 2003; B.L. Fisher et al. leg.; CASENT0495134, CASENT0495141, CASENT0495145, CASENT0495193, CASENT0495220, CASENT0495221, CASENT0495222, CASENT0495393, CASENT0495395, CASENT0495396 (CASC). •4w., 3s.; Reserve Betampona, Camp Vohitsivalana, 37.1 km 338° Toamasina;
|
||||
<geoCoordinate degrees="17.88667" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-17.88667">-17.88667</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="BCC718CA80568ACDFDCBB2874738C2C4" degrees="17.88667" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-17.88667">-17.88667</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate degrees="49.2025" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="49.2025">49.2025</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="AF2F0547D3D95970C846EFAE15067660" degrees="49.2025" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="49.2025">49.2025</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
; alt. 520 m; 2 Dec 2005; B.L. Fisher et al. leg.; CASENT0067653, CASENT0067655, CASENT0067915, CASENT0069180 (CASC).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="diagnosis">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Major workers</emphasis>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="15E08BDD28CC04E982813BF66C4FD99C" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="diagnosis">
|
||||
<paragraph id="16CAE0073DEDC5A2532A12600BEA20AB" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="6B91BA4755968E7D0FFCF7E58CDDC2AC" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<emphasis id="74ECF46F61B07358684A23523D7F3A67" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<emphasis id="D7A6A829A397EC160A47525F2AD5BA39" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Major workers</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
Large species: HL: 2.94-3.2 (3.0), HW: 2.68-3.1 (2.8), WL: 2.01-2.24 (2.11); propodeal spines very long (PSL: 0.81-0.96 (0.89)); head in full-face view trapezoid, widened posteriorly; sides of the head without pilosity; frons with fine, dense, longitudinal rugae reaching at most midlength of head; first gastral tergite shagreened, at least on its basal half; body dark brown to black.
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Minor workers</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="84AEDD967FE352556809449363399307" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7F0906D79603E083A6B34E6DBA920123" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Minor workers</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
Large species: HL: 1.15-1.29 (1.2), HW: 1.04-1.14 (1.1), WL: 1.86-2.01 (1.92); propodeal spines very long (PSL: 0.91-1.0 (0.97)); scape, when laid back, surpassing posterior head margin by more than half its length; mesosoma finely rugoreticulate; promesonotal groove absent or very indistinct; metanotal groove shallow and wide.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Major workers.</emphasis>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="FD6326EF0AD18FAF20D81FD18F7BDA25" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="AD6125B2F77BA6E45131700EF6BD201E" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="CEFD9DA1F86DABFAAF2280F920FCEFBC" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<emphasis id="968563DCEA17AB2702C451F5C481983C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Major workers.</emphasis>
|
||||
Measurements (
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="C406259CFBB277B1FA5CEAEAD36EED3C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N</emphasis>
|
||||
= 10): HL: 2.94-3.2 (3.0); HW: 2.68-3.1 (2.8); SL: 1.36-1.45 (1.39); EL: 0.24-0.3 (0.27); WL: 2.01-2.24 (2.11); PSL: 0.81-0.96 (0.89); MTL: 1.53-1.7 (1.6); PNW: 0.84-1.0 (0.92); PTW: 0.28-0.32 (0.3); PPW: 0.76-0.9 (0.82); CI: 90.1-96.6 (93.4); SI: 47.4-51.0 (49.3); PSLI: 27.4-31.7 (29.5); PPI: 33.1-38.4 (36.5); PNI: 30.1-35.9 (32.6); MTI: 54.9-59.9 (56.5).
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Head</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="A73EB9DE62659D9C57785E74CCE30BD1" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<emphasis id="D760311A2171392FDE2201DC85C5DD73" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Head</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
In full-face view trapezoid, widened posteriorly (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="F25" captionText="Figure 25. Pheidole praegrandis sp. nov., full-face view (A), profile (C), and dorsal view (E) of paratype minor worker (CASENT 0494945) and full-face view (B), profile (D), and dorsal view (F) of holotype major worker (CASENT 0494942)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373072" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">25B</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="BE44404A8E3FCE9B4CDAE09E5C3D9CA0" captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="F25" captionText="Figure 25. Pheidole praegrandis sp. nov., full-face view (A), profile (C), and dorsal view (E) of paratype minor worker (CASENT 0494945) and full-face view (B), profile (D), and dorsal view (F) of holotype major worker (CASENT 0494942)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373072" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">25B</figureCitation>
|
||||
). In lateral view sub-oval; ventral and dorsal faces convex; inner hypostomal teeth visible. Sides of the head without pilosity; frons and vertex with few, long, erect setae. Antennal scrobes absent. Occipital lobes shiny and smooth or partially shagreened; genae smooth and shiny, sometimes partially shagreened; centre of frons shiny with fine, dense, longitudinal rugae reaching at most midlength of head; malar area shagreened with several short, longitudinal rugae; lateral sides of head and posterior part of frons shagreened; head sculpture weakens posteriorly. Centre of clypeus smooth and shiny, lateral sides with longitudinal rugae; median notch present, shallow and wide; median longitudinal carina absent; lateral longitudinal carinae absent. Scape, when laid back, reaching midlength of head; pilosity suberect to erect (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="F25" captionText="Figure 25. Pheidole praegrandis sp. nov., full-face view (A), profile (C), and dorsal view (E) of paratype minor worker (CASENT 0494945) and full-face view (B), profile (D), and dorsal view (F) of holotype major worker (CASENT 0494942)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373072" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">25B, D</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="B6C95F9371798940084DA08167258049" captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="F25" captionText="Figure 25. Pheidole praegrandis sp. nov., full-face view (A), profile (C), and dorsal view (E) of paratype minor worker (CASENT 0494945) and full-face view (B), profile (D), and dorsal view (F) of holotype major worker (CASENT 0494942)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373072" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">25B, D</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Inner hypostomal teeth distinct, triangular and thick, with rounded apex, closely spaced; outer hypostomal teeth distinct, slightly smaller and thinner than inner hypostomal teeth, lobe-like (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 85" captionStartId="F85" captionText="Figure 85. Hypostomal teeth. Pheidole madinika sp. nov. (A). P. mahaboensis sp. nov. (B). P. maizina sp. nov. (C). P. makaensis sp. nov. (D). P. makirovana sp. nov. (E). P. manantenensis sp. nov. (F). P. mantadia sp. nov. (G). P. marieannae sp. nov. (H). P. masoala sp. nov. (I). P. mavesatra sp. nov. (J). P. miramila sp. nov. (K). P. moramanaensis sp. nov. (L). P. navoatrensis sp. nov. (M). P. nemoralis Forel (N). P. ocypodea sp. nov. (O). P. parviocula sp. nov. (P). P. petax Forel (Q). P. podargea sp. nov. (R). P. praegrandis sp. nov. (S). P. ranohirensis sp. nov. (T). P. rugocephala sp. nov. (U). P. rugofitarata sp. nov. (V). P. scabrata Forel (W). P. typhlos sp. nov. (X). P. vatovavensis sp. nov. (Y). P. voasara sp. nov. (Z). P. vohemarensis sp. nov. (AA). P. zavamanira sp. nov. (AB)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure85" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373132" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">85S</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="E687D84AE88BFF3BD1F4E2A058E27C66" captionStart="Figure 85" captionStartId="F85" captionText="Figure 85. Hypostomal teeth. Pheidole madinika sp. nov. (A). P. mahaboensis sp. nov. (B). P. maizina sp. nov. (C). P. makaensis sp. nov. (D). P. makirovana sp. nov. (E). P. manantenensis sp. nov. (F). P. mantadia sp. nov. (G). P. marieannae sp. nov. (H). P. masoala sp. nov. (I). P. mavesatra sp. nov. (J). P. miramila sp. nov. (K). P. moramanaensis sp. nov. (L). P. navoatrensis sp. nov. (M). P. nemoralis Forel (N). P. ocypodea sp. nov. (O). P. parviocula sp. nov. (P). P. petax Forel (Q). P. podargea sp. nov. (R). P. praegrandis sp. nov. (S). P. ranohirensis sp. nov. (T). P. rugocephala sp. nov. (U). P. rugofitarata sp. nov. (V). P. scabrata Forel (W). P. typhlos sp. nov. (X). P. vatovavensis sp. nov. (Y). P. voasara sp. nov. (Z). P. vohemarensis sp. nov. (AA). P. zavamanira sp. nov. (AB)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure85" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373132" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">85S</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Mesosoma</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="2B1E0930752DB348D516ACD17B79B750" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<emphasis id="6BB15B25FAE1142491D48E4B61DCECB2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Mesosoma</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
In lateral view, promesonotum low, short, and relatively flat; dorsal pronotum slightly convex; dorsal mesonotum slightly concave; posterior mesonotum relatively convex; promesonotal groove absent; metanotal groove absent; propodeal spines very long, massive basally, with acute apex; humeral area laterally weakly or not produced (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="F25" captionText="Figure 25. Pheidole praegrandis sp. nov., full-face view (A), profile (C), and dorsal view (E) of paratype minor worker (CASENT 0494945) and full-face view (B), profile (D), and dorsal view (F) of holotype major worker (CASENT 0494942)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373072" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">25D</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="5F68BBA2C477A5F5B23B018FA8A5782D" captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="F25" captionText="Figure 25. Pheidole praegrandis sp. nov., full-face view (A), profile (C), and dorsal view (E) of paratype minor worker (CASENT 0494945) and full-face view (B), profile (D), and dorsal view (F) of holotype major worker (CASENT 0494942)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373072" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">25D</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Surface shiny, rugoreticulate, propodeal dorsum with weaker sculpture. Pilosity very sparse, short, and decumbent; dorsum with few additional, long, erect setae (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="F25" captionText="Figure 25. Pheidole praegrandis sp. nov., full-face view (A), profile (C), and dorsal view (E) of paratype minor worker (CASENT 0494945) and full-face view (B), profile (D), and dorsal view (F) of holotype major worker (CASENT 0494942)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373072" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">25D, F</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="61FAF5BA0E0E576AA18A04D066D82B15" captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="F25" captionText="Figure 25. Pheidole praegrandis sp. nov., full-face view (A), profile (C), and dorsal view (E) of paratype minor worker (CASENT 0494945) and full-face view (B), profile (D), and dorsal view (F) of holotype major worker (CASENT 0494942)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373072" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">25D, F</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Petiole</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="3FAAED7BFA1EC18FD2200182BD5E61CC" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<emphasis id="FA3194EA4A81368DFABAE2B44A3406A7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Petiole</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
Weakly shagreened; peduncle relatively long and thin; node triangular with rounded apex, in rear view node dorsoventrally depressed; pilosity sparse, short, and erect (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="F25" captionText="Figure 25. Pheidole praegrandis sp. nov., full-face view (A), profile (C), and dorsal view (E) of paratype minor worker (CASENT 0494945) and full-face view (B), profile (D), and dorsal view (F) of holotype major worker (CASENT 0494942)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373072" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">25D, F</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="68756CF1B08A10D83803A96222AD516E" captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="F25" captionText="Figure 25. Pheidole praegrandis sp. nov., full-face view (A), profile (C), and dorsal view (E) of paratype minor worker (CASENT 0494945) and full-face view (B), profile (D), and dorsal view (F) of holotype major worker (CASENT 0494942)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373072" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">25D, F</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Postpetiole</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="3B1887FD099CA979EBA0E4F55E281BD8" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<emphasis id="603B4F1F67DDB97B662435792910948D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Postpetiole</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
Weakly shagreened; in dorsal view sides with acute, moderately wide, short, and triangular projections; pilosity short to long, sparse and erect (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="F25" captionText="Figure 25. Pheidole praegrandis sp. nov., full-face view (A), profile (C), and dorsal view (E) of paratype minor worker (CASENT 0494945) and full-face view (B), profile (D), and dorsal view (F) of holotype major worker (CASENT 0494942)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373072" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">25D, F</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="F8F7BDF658E2AFA8E5AB6466CE22F3A1" captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="F25" captionText="Figure 25. Pheidole praegrandis sp. nov., full-face view (A), profile (C), and dorsal view (E) of paratype minor worker (CASENT 0494945) and full-face view (B), profile (D), and dorsal view (F) of holotype major worker (CASENT 0494942)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373072" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">25D, F</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Gaster</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="136D64AF767FB11B36FFAFF2223D948C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<emphasis id="247942DCF0149057538C9C3E45398300" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Gaster</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
First gastral tergite shagreened, at least on its basal half; pilosity sparse, long, and erect (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="F25" captionText="Figure 25. Pheidole praegrandis sp. nov., full-face view (A), profile (C), and dorsal view (E) of paratype minor worker (CASENT 0494945) and full-face view (B), profile (D), and dorsal view (F) of holotype major worker (CASENT 0494942)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373072" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">25D, F</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="CC5878FF650303E9AA7FFCE9B88E1943" captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="F25" captionText="Figure 25. Pheidole praegrandis sp. nov., full-face view (A), profile (C), and dorsal view (E) of paratype minor worker (CASENT 0494945) and full-face view (B), profile (D), and dorsal view (F) of holotype major worker (CASENT 0494942)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373072" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">25D, F</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Colour</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="C9D2E1F61B27CAC45FD3F0D662CAC7CB" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<emphasis id="1FC7E0B8567639D7B03A392235117F5B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Colour</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
Unicolourous, dark brown to black (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="F25" captionText="Figure 25. Pheidole praegrandis sp. nov., full-face view (A), profile (C), and dorsal view (E) of paratype minor worker (CASENT 0494945) and full-face view (B), profile (D), and dorsal view (F) of holotype major worker (CASENT 0494942)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373072" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">25D, F</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="591C12005927E391D50BABA4CE3A7FD6" captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="F25" captionText="Figure 25. Pheidole praegrandis sp. nov., full-face view (A), profile (C), and dorsal view (E) of paratype minor worker (CASENT 0494945) and full-face view (B), profile (D), and dorsal view (F) of holotype major worker (CASENT 0494942)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373072" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">25D, F</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373072" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 25" startId="F25">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 25.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Salata & Fisher" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole praegrandis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="praegrandis">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pheidole praegrandis</emphasis>
|
||||
<caption id="1106904CB0F67C28805CE164FAD73770" doi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373072" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 25" startId="F25">
|
||||
<paragraph id="876D1CDD5E0DA75937B5807AA5367F7F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A3099744E33FB6C00FA0710D11286362" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 25.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="595CBD8D753A77255D25000F33C7C592" authorityName="Salata & Fisher" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole praegrandis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="praegrandis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A4BB4FDEFCF86146BFAF7774ECE42C2E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pheidole praegrandis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp. nov., full-face view (
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="FD1AB9A2CAC0DD2553534FD7753E8106" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
|
||||
), profile (
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="8012761A0B7167BC19BDA294A9677660" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
|
||||
), and dorsal view (
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="35A0F98E20202F918BCF3943FA0CEC95" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
|
||||
) of paratype minor worker (CASENT0494945) and full-face view (
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="BA083774CF5D8666792FAB60126EE8B3" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
|
||||
), profile (
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="2C5EA016F87174677D8B865C4359901D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
|
||||
), and dorsal view (
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="92149DF1621F87DE55A7F2C7E9A0BC3F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
|
||||
) of holotype major worker (CASENT0494942).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Minor workers.</emphasis>
|
||||
<paragraph id="0423C78BC586C045577F4256838A1F3A" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<emphasis id="EDB5063EBE46242FC05C03B54E73C6A0" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Minor workers.</emphasis>
|
||||
Measurements (
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="0C5AD58E8B5546C6381810846C1A928E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N</emphasis>
|
||||
= 10): HL: 1.15-1.29 (1.2); HW: 1.04-1.14 (1.1); SL: 1.52-1.69 (1.62); EL: 0.17-0.2 (0.19); WL: 1.86-2.01 (1.92); PSL: 0.91-1.0 (0.97); MTL: 1.42-1.54 (1.49); PNW: 0.75-0.81 (0.77); PTW: 0.15-0.2 (0.17); PPW: 0.27-0.35 (0.32); CI: 87.5-92.7 (89.7); SI: 140.8-156.6 (147.6); PSLI: 75.8-84.0 (78.5); PPI: 45.6-60.8 (53.1); PNI: 67.6-72.1 (70.1); MTI: 126.2-143.4 (134.8).
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Head</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="1214CA0BD61F1ED4DCFF89003D65E8CF" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C1D8C1D207CF169167FFD820D69F84D9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Head</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
Occipital margin convex; occipital carina narrow, weakly developed (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="F25" captionText="Figure 25. Pheidole praegrandis sp. nov., full-face view (A), profile (C), and dorsal view (E) of paratype minor worker (CASENT 0494945) and full-face view (B), profile (D), and dorsal view (F) of holotype major worker (CASENT 0494942)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373072" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">25A</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1F4E7C280EF028B47D1CAA332F6CC6BD" captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="F25" captionText="Figure 25. Pheidole praegrandis sp. nov., full-face view (A), profile (C), and dorsal view (E) of paratype minor worker (CASENT 0494945) and full-face view (B), profile (D), and dorsal view (F) of holotype major worker (CASENT 0494942)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373072" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">25A</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Pilosity sparse, short, and appressed on the whole surface and additionally long and erect on frons and median part of occiput. Sculpture variable, shiny, smooth to finely rugulose on vertex, centre, and posterior part of frons and genae; lateral sides of head finely rugulose; antennal sockets with sparse carinae curved outward. Clypeus with median longitudinal carina absent; two lateral longitudinal carinae present. Scape, when laid back, surpassing posterior head margin by more than half of its length; pilosity suberect to erect (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="F25" captionText="Figure 25. Pheidole praegrandis sp. nov., full-face view (A), profile (C), and dorsal view (E) of paratype minor worker (CASENT 0494945) and full-face view (B), profile (D), and dorsal view (F) of holotype major worker (CASENT 0494942)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373072" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">25A, C</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="D2E3D8D4D9B2347A0859374BF6F54C6B" captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="F25" captionText="Figure 25. Pheidole praegrandis sp. nov., full-face view (A), profile (C), and dorsal view (E) of paratype minor worker (CASENT 0494945) and full-face view (B), profile (D), and dorsal view (F) of holotype major worker (CASENT 0494942)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373072" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">25A, C</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Mesosoma</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="3383AB1933926FA99B8361FDC315F1D5" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7F85DF8B272C02B91D97F23EA7838DE6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Mesosoma</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
In lateral view, promesonotum low, long, and slightly convex; promesonotal groove absent or very indistinct; metanotal groove shallow and wide; propodeal spines very long, massive basally, with acute apex (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="F25" captionText="Figure 25. Pheidole praegrandis sp. nov., full-face view (A), profile (C), and dorsal view (E) of paratype minor worker (CASENT 0494945) and full-face view (B), profile (D), and dorsal view (F) of holotype major worker (CASENT 0494942)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373072" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">25C</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="AEA9AF1C7F6B68A7C0B3A367203DE343" captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="F25" captionText="Figure 25. Pheidole praegrandis sp. nov., full-face view (A), profile (C), and dorsal view (E) of paratype minor worker (CASENT 0494945) and full-face view (B), profile (D), and dorsal view (F) of holotype major worker (CASENT 0494942)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373072" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">25C</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Surface finely rugoreticulate. Pilosity short, very sparse, suberect (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="F25" captionText="Figure 25. Pheidole praegrandis sp. nov., full-face view (A), profile (C), and dorsal view (E) of paratype minor worker (CASENT 0494945) and full-face view (B), profile (D), and dorsal view (F) of holotype major worker (CASENT 0494942)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373072" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">25C, E</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="EF22BD0B856E21311FBFD3B2A0B24555" captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="F25" captionText="Figure 25. Pheidole praegrandis sp. nov., full-face view (A), profile (C), and dorsal view (E) of paratype minor worker (CASENT 0494945) and full-face view (B), profile (D), and dorsal view (F) of holotype major worker (CASENT 0494942)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373072" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">25C, E</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Petiole</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="502248A9A2CEA167994862AC07786316" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<emphasis id="544E0F15221D33D3793CB377AC808295" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Petiole</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
Peduncle long and thin; node triangular with rounded apex; pilosity absent (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="F25" captionText="Figure 25. Pheidole praegrandis sp. nov., full-face view (A), profile (C), and dorsal view (E) of paratype minor worker (CASENT 0494945) and full-face view (B), profile (D), and dorsal view (F) of holotype major worker (CASENT 0494942)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373072" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">25C, E</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="2716145BE1C4A6B54771D6D3BE163936" captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="F25" captionText="Figure 25. Pheidole praegrandis sp. nov., full-face view (A), profile (C), and dorsal view (E) of paratype minor worker (CASENT 0494945) and full-face view (B), profile (D), and dorsal view (F) of holotype major worker (CASENT 0494942)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373072" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">25C, E</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Postpetiole</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="F7E84EA36FAB3C0A9D39984827325617" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<emphasis id="8E951956AE344C4D386788F447C9452D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Postpetiole</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
Moderately short, low, and slightly convex; with two long, erect setae at the anterior edge (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="F25" captionText="Figure 25. Pheidole praegrandis sp. nov., full-face view (A), profile (C), and dorsal view (E) of paratype minor worker (CASENT 0494945) and full-face view (B), profile (D), and dorsal view (F) of holotype major worker (CASENT 0494942)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373072" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">25C, E</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="84826967D59172459E7929C65E38AAF1" captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="F25" captionText="Figure 25. Pheidole praegrandis sp. nov., full-face view (A), profile (C), and dorsal view (E) of paratype minor worker (CASENT 0494945) and full-face view (B), profile (D), and dorsal view (F) of holotype major worker (CASENT 0494942)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373072" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">25C, E</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Gaster</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="AE73F7225E6DE34286E606369EF859C1" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<emphasis id="2AFCF539256ECC8F6FB0E7B69E2A0B43" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Gaster</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
With few long, erect setae (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="F25" captionText="Figure 25. Pheidole praegrandis sp. nov., full-face view (A), profile (C), and dorsal view (E) of paratype minor worker (CASENT 0494945) and full-face view (B), profile (D), and dorsal view (F) of holotype major worker (CASENT 0494942)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373072" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">25C, E</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="39F477EEE11A2C0D33B3497EDCB07969" captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="F25" captionText="Figure 25. Pheidole praegrandis sp. nov., full-face view (A), profile (C), and dorsal view (E) of paratype minor worker (CASENT 0494945) and full-face view (B), profile (D), and dorsal view (F) of holotype major worker (CASENT 0494942)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373072" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">25C, E</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Colour</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="79746281D60B9F3D366ADB6400E88BF5" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<emphasis id="65378C5A8F96111DBD1531D78136508E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Colour</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
Unicolourous, dark brown to black (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="F25" captionText="Figure 25. Pheidole praegrandis sp. nov., full-face view (A), profile (C), and dorsal view (E) of paratype minor worker (CASENT 0494945) and full-face view (B), profile (D), and dorsal view (F) of holotype major worker (CASENT 0494942)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373072" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">25C, E</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="FD6FD28A454004AF596FB8474CEA5CC5" captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="F25" captionText="Figure 25. Pheidole praegrandis sp. nov., full-face view (A), profile (C), and dorsal view (E) of paratype minor worker (CASENT 0494945) and full-face view (B), profile (D), and dorsal view (F) of holotype major worker (CASENT 0494942)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373072" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">25C, E</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="etymology">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Latin for huge, in reference to large body size and very long propodeal spines.</paragraph>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="4A5FF59E7FA87705DE699A844E470AA5" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="etymology">
|
||||
<paragraph id="0A4A76D581C3F92933A9A0D276A5B9A7" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="378C233EF599AF3E80A4E9D163F4DF1F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Latin for huge, in reference to large body size and very long propodeal spines.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="biology_ecology">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Biology.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">The species was collected between 250-900 m in elevation, in rainforest and montane rainforest. Nests were located in rotten logs and tree stumps.</paragraph>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="3CEF9E565DD157B8949A047595203A82" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="biology_ecology">
|
||||
<paragraph id="9E8C091AD7BE5A7824E52B949120F324" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Biology.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="95CDD5ADCBC7253477424BE15AA3BE34" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">The species was collected between 250-900 m in elevation, in rainforest and montane rainforest. Nests were located in rotten logs and tree stumps.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="comments">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Comments.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="9F5CF3064455C781520D0C5C08AC6D2C" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="comments">
|
||||
<paragraph id="4217BF4DC596D64F98A0486F62956DF4" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Comments.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="665E9AC9AAD31BC6CE504A5FEC3FD767" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
This species is most similar to
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. longispinosa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="longispinosa">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. longispinosa</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="D76405930991D25CADD471135DB22DFA" lsidName="P. longispinosa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="longispinosa">
|
||||
<emphasis id="6D408899401E7DBFD6A49BC2E5739606" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. longispinosa</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. mahaboensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="mahaboensis">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. mahaboensis</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="FF4ABF152C61FF9E1FB7014651AFFAB4" lsidName="P. mahaboensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="mahaboensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="102C97D9C0E925DA0291FE091A4940E0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. mahaboensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp. nov.
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Major workers</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="B937ABC27C8761C0CF169CBABD39E7FB" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B0A782B9C5866423D6DEBD3C902C61C8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Major workers</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Salata & Fisher" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole praegrandis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="praegrandis">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pheidole praegrandis</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2DF9ADEEC62D78413579F693849CF192" authorityName="Salata & Fisher" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole praegrandis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="praegrandis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="8A421B54D9B94DA969E10F065F037663" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pheidole praegrandis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp. nov. can be distinguished from
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. longispinosa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="longispinosa">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. longispinosa</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4478B0170DB3EC307DB7CF6DE299A2DC" lsidName="P. longispinosa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="longispinosa">
|
||||
<emphasis id="8FEEFE936DAB171D3C0C303281384ECC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. longispinosa</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
by shagreened surface of head and first gastral tergite, and darker body colouration; from
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. mahaboensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="mahaboensis">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. mahaboensis</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="7778FBA4AD5DABA8A024940B39320A0D" lsidName="P. mahaboensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="mahaboensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C1748E7846F988C3C82E07AE98E841DE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. mahaboensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp. nov. by absence of metanotal groove, absence of very sparse, short, decumbent pilosity at the sides of head, and shagreened first gastral tergite and head.
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Minor workers</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="91BFAE84931206D85FCB4044F1784C1F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<emphasis id="53D5FA9B43BE5E88205EE377945BB50E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Minor workers</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Salata & Fisher" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole praegrandis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="praegrandis">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pheidole praegrandis</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="31A41B8D0C8D361F2E0078C35C0EADD9" authorityName="Salata & Fisher" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole praegrandis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="praegrandis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="262287724E47F3383BA4D58219337B94" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pheidole praegrandis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp. nov. can be distinguished from
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. longispinosa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="longispinosa">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. longispinosa</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A02C0A3F2C19700F5E49503D277781B1" lsidName="P. longispinosa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="longispinosa">
|
||||
<emphasis id="51951C29AF19C192D4B298980303E5FB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. longispinosa</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
by rugoreticulate mesosoma sculpture; from
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. mahaboensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="mahaboensis">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. mahaboensis</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="6D0B8BE78D20DF7D3F9305E7AAF79687" lsidName="P. mahaboensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="mahaboensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="E82D9ECE875BC63266630192927E560B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. mahaboensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp. nov. by rugoreticulate mesosoma sculpture, and shallow and wide metanotal groove.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
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Add table
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Reference in a new issue