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<mods:title>Pheidole Westwood, 1839 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) of Madagascar - an introduction and a taxonomic revision of eleven species groups</mods:title>
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<mods:title id="40D706973F47AF0058D2D5F1FEE6C6FF">Pheidole Westwood, 1839 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) of Madagascar - an introduction and a taxonomic revision of eleven species groups</mods:title>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="161777034" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C5CE9E88-6E38-4A9F-BFA3-75D539949159" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E3494050CF111C3F37D5B23736AA9044" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/C5CE9E88-6E38-4A9F-BFA3-75D539949159" authority="Salata & Fisher, 2020" authorityName="Salata & Fisher" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole diakritos" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diakritos" status="sp. nov.">Pheidole diakritos</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="1">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Pheidole diakritos sp. nov., full-face view (A), profile (C), and dorsal view (E) of paratype minor worker (CASENT 0275480) and full-face view (B), profile (D), and dorsal view (F) of holotype major worker (CASENT 0275436)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373059" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figs 12A-F</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 84" captionStartId="F84" captionText="Figure 84. Hypostomal teeth. Pheidole aelloea sp. nov. (A). P. ala sp. nov. (B). P. andapa sp. nov. (C). P. ankerana sp. nov. (D). P. annemariae Forel (E). P. avaratra sp. nov. (F). P. bemarahaensis sp. nov. (G). P. bemarivoensis sp. nov. (H). P. binara sp. nov. (I). P. boribora sp. nov. (J). P. brevipilosa sp. nov. (K). P. curvistriata sp. nov. (L). P. diakritos sp. nov. (M). P. ehazoara sp. nov. (N). P. ensifera Forel (O). P. ferruginea sp. nov. (P). P. fisaka sp. nov. (R). P. fitarata sp. nov. (S). P. glabra sp. nov. (T). P. goavana sp. nov. (U). P. lamperos sp. nov. (W). P. longipilosa sp. nov. (X). P. longispinosa Forel (Y). P. lutea sp. nov. (Z)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure84" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373131" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 84M</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 86" captionStartId="F86" captionText="Figure 86. Distribution. Pheidole aelloea sp. nov. (A). P. ala sp. nov. (B). P. andapa sp. nov. (C). P. ankerana sp. nov. (D). P. annemariae Forel (E). P. avaratra sp. nov. (F). P. bemarahaensis sp. nov. (G). P. bemarivoensis sp. nov. (H). P. binara sp. nov. (I). P. boribora sp. nov. (J). P. brevipilosa sp. nov. (K). P. curvistriata sp. nov. (L). P. diakritos sp. nov. (M). P. ehazoara sp. nov. (N). P. ensifera Forel (O). P. ferruginea sp. nov. (P). P. fisaka sp. nov. (R). P. fitarata sp. nov. (S). P. glabra sp. nov. (T). P. goavana sp. nov. (U)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure86" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373133" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 86M</figureCitation>
|
||||
<treatment id="E3494050CF111C3F37D5B23736AA9044" ID-GBIF-Taxon="161777034" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C5CE9E88-6E38-4A9F-BFA3-75D539949159" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E3494050CF111C3F37D5B23736AA9044" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" scope_family="Formicidae" scope_order="Hymenoptera">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="07BA489682DE8ECAB0A565129C29C39F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph id="775D461ACD0FBBBDC798C0230C79C598" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="843D35BD72A0AC2F42318E98FD9B5848" ID-CoL="CML42" LSID="http://zoobank.org/C5CE9E88-6E38-4A9F-BFA3-75D539949159" authority="Salata & Fisher, 2020" authorityName="Salata & Fisher" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole diakritos" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diakritos" status="sp. nov.">Pheidole diakritos</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0E6634F4C8D858C08FA0732EB804C312" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1D87718251B56B739C9920EEDADAC21B" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Pheidole diakritos sp. nov., full-face view (A), profile (C), and dorsal view (E) of paratype minor worker (CASENT 0275480) and full-face view (B), profile (D), and dorsal view (F) of holotype major worker (CASENT 0275436)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373059" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figs 12A-F</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="43B01471DBB2F3B9BC85BCCDB5EA3491" captionStart="Figure 84" captionStartId="F84" captionText="Figure 84. Hypostomal teeth. Pheidole aelloea sp. nov. (A). P. ala sp. nov. (B). P. andapa sp. nov. (C). P. ankerana sp. nov. (D). P. annemariae Forel (E). P. avaratra sp. nov. (F). P. bemarahaensis sp. nov. (G). P. bemarivoensis sp. nov. (H). P. binara sp. nov. (I). P. boribora sp. nov. (J). P. brevipilosa sp. nov. (K). P. curvistriata sp. nov. (L). P. diakritos sp. nov. (M). P. ehazoara sp. nov. (N). P. ensifera Forel (O). P. ferruginea sp. nov. (P). P. fisaka sp. nov. (R). P. fitarata sp. nov. (S). P. glabra sp. nov. (T). P. goavana sp. nov. (U). P. lamperos sp. nov. (W). P. longipilosa sp. nov. (X). P. longispinosa Forel (Y). P. lutea sp. nov. (Z)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure84" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373131" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 84M</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="58968EA635DBFEAC29890AA43371FB6E" captionStart="Figure 86" captionStartId="F86" captionText="Figure 86. Distribution. Pheidole aelloea sp. nov. (A). P. ala sp. nov. (B). P. andapa sp. nov. (C). P. ankerana sp. nov. (D). P. annemariae Forel (E). P. avaratra sp. nov. (F). P. bemarahaensis sp. nov. (G). P. bemarivoensis sp. nov. (H). P. binara sp. nov. (I). P. boribora sp. nov. (J). P. brevipilosa sp. nov. (K). P. curvistriata sp. nov. (L). P. diakritos sp. nov. (M). P. ehazoara sp. nov. (N). P. ensifera Forel (O). P. ferruginea sp. nov. (P). P. fisaka sp. nov. (R). P. fitarata sp. nov. (S). P. glabra sp. nov. (T). P. goavana sp. nov. (U)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure86" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373133" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 86M</figureCitation>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="type material">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type material.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Holotype</emphasis>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="BF0F1B73114EEF01B3D389142ED938D8" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="type material">
|
||||
<paragraph id="17985F4017172D52728C0CFA1FCE9A13" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type material.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="652FE0CC358D6ECC5D59F72C078397DA" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<emphasis id="140E0A329C183C7865311A3D631E80E2" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<emphasis id="F22F1A1C167AB2A3075F9566849903A8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Holotype</emphasis>
|
||||
.
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</emphasis>
|
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Madagascar. •1 major worker; Toamasina; Ankerana;
|
||||
<geoCoordinate degrees="18.40829" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-18.40829">-18.40829</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="CA721A6C957C220AC4075EB4AA02F540" degrees="18.40829" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-18.40829">-18.40829</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate degrees="48.82107" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="48.82107">48.82107</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="4141B3880502CD45F6896F94872C098F" degrees="48.82107" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="48.82107">48.82107</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
; alt. 750 m; 21 Jan 2012; B.L. Fisher et al. leg.; CASENT0275436 (CASC).
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||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Paratype</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="BC6BAFC4295F7205C545C68C55D8C97F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<emphasis id="9CA5D6B6E9A453437972ABF76D9FB6EB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Paratype</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
Madagascar. •1 w.; Toamasina; Ankerana;
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||||
<geoCoordinate degrees="18.4061" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-18.4061">-18.4061</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="3E9173B91AA0C1ED88E811F676F0323F" degrees="18.4061" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-18.4061">-18.4061</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate degrees="48.82029" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="48.82029">48.82029</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="131B1B45AAE06380FC992D2266F72EF2" degrees="48.82029" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="48.82029">48.82029</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
; alt. 725 m; 16 Jan 2012; B.L. Fisher et al. leg.; BLF27931, CASENT0275480 (CASC).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Other material.</emphasis>
|
||||
<paragraph id="5D76B625DC5114C4CC90BC982665D9BE" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A62AC609CA76E61FB58DF8F39AF36C4F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Other material.</emphasis>
|
||||
Madagascar. -
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fianarantsoa</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="D5F8448E54FDA354D9E1ED2BE03C769E" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fianarantsoa</emphasis>
|
||||
: •5w.;
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Forêt">Foret</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="0E81BA6C6B17BD05D0494023AA96D39C" originalValue="Forêt">Foret</normalizedToken>
|
||||
de Vevembe, 66.6 km 293° Farafangana;
|
||||
<geoCoordinate degrees="22.791" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="-22.791">-22.791</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="1BE696DB93973EF395142A178BA7D6F4" degrees="22.791" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="-22.791">-22.791</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate degrees="47.18183" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="47.18183">47.18183</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="7E804CC0ECA44E2515936B783BB9382F" degrees="47.18183" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="47.18183">47.18183</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
; alt. 600 m; 23 Apr 2006; B.L. Fisher et al. leg.; CASENT0108005, CASENT0108016, CASENT0108021, CASENT0108022, CASENT0108028 (CASC). -
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Toamasina</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="9693C2F807E14824FDDDB56827DB1E67" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Toamasina</emphasis>
|
||||
: •2w.;
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Réserve">Reserve</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Spéciale">Speciale</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="97269D1DF852D6E574322A7EE892274B" originalValue="Réserve">Reserve</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="FE712E2BF6D37ECAA8BC3C28AF752986" originalValue="Spéciale">Speciale</normalizedToken>
|
||||
Ambatovaky, Sandrangato River;
|
||||
<geoCoordinate degrees="16.77274" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-16.77274">-16.77274</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="5A0DEE813844F9F4D77B76C90CABD6E1" degrees="16.77274" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-16.77274">-16.77274</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate degrees="49.26551" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="49.26551">49.26551</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="F1EC089D41098B76F96DF5095E450C22" degrees="49.26551" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="49.26551">49.26551</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
; alt. 450 m; 20 Feb 2010; B.L. Fisher et al. leg.; CASENT0164424, CASENT0164471 (CASC). •3w., 2s.;
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Réserve">Reserve</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Spéciale">Speciale</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="C882F9AE1D18BEDF006D9951528F3CDF" originalValue="Réserve">Reserve</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="FCF88DDD6D2A669F5609780E37115CB0" originalValue="Spéciale">Speciale</normalizedToken>
|
||||
Ambatovaky, Sandrangato River;
|
||||
<geoCoordinate degrees="16.7633" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-16.7633">-16.7633</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="5F188CCC35F19206B326A80249BB6A9F" degrees="16.7633" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-16.7633">-16.7633</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate degrees="49.26692" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="49.26692">49.26692</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="258DBEC87F26012D6EAA10BF372BE215" degrees="49.26692" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="49.26692">49.26692</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
; alt. 520 m; 22 Feb 2010; B.L. Fisher et al. leg.; CASENT0163714, CASENT0163724, CASENT0163831, CASENT0163832, CASENT0163976 (CASC). •1w.;
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Réserve">Reserve</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Spéciale">Speciale</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="4F6D4DF05943F9B8B7562FD1666606CB" originalValue="Réserve">Reserve</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="659D8A52AD73A7AAC508B62BD359D020" originalValue="Spéciale">Speciale</normalizedToken>
|
||||
Ambatovaky, Sandrangato River;
|
||||
<geoCoordinate degrees="16.81739" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-16.81739">-16.81739</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="A33E3ED6B8586E922360CB0D327A137E" degrees="16.81739" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-16.81739">-16.81739</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate degrees="49.29402" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="49.29402">49.29402</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="AE7C685A37CEE5789424910176D1E8EB" degrees="49.29402" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="49.29402">49.29402</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
; alt. 360 m; 25 Feb 2010; B.L. Fisher et al. leg.; CASENT0164250 (CASC). •2w.; Ankerana;
|
||||
<geoCoordinate degrees="18.4061" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-18.4061">-18.4061</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="E1D0DE3C8B923A7C7D6470CE8E3F0D81" degrees="18.4061" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-18.4061">-18.4061</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate degrees="48.82029" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="48.82029">48.82029</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="03ABE9F76053A78E74DEFE7AD1395322" degrees="48.82029" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="48.82029">48.82029</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
; alt. 725 m; 16 Jan 2012; B.L. Fisher et al. leg.; CASENT0275346, CASENT0275461 (CASC).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="diagnosis">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Major workers</emphasis>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="F678EA461CD54D5B5BF7AF04C0ED3C0C" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="diagnosis">
|
||||
<paragraph id="E7A23D47ACC54FD58EF5103D0F7992BA" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="194991BB4AE393EF005F674CF5255F86" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<emphasis id="81DB464F72A98AEB6B8D4A0485B3B9D9" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<emphasis id="9DD9BA5C67493BBE5210B1C2CC5457E7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Major workers</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
Large species: HL: 1.67-1.91 (1.75), HW: 1.66-1.86 (1.71), WL: 1.23-1.3 (1.27); head in full-face view rectangular; in lateral view sub-rectangular with visible inner hypostomal teeth; antennal scrobes absent; sides of the head with dense, relatively long, erect pilosity; antennal sockets deep; frontal lobes distinct and lobe-like; inner hypostomal teeth distinct, closely spaced, triangular, with rounded apex and base slightly wider than apex; outer hypostomal teeth absent.
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Minor workers</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="ADBEDE14438525441C976D2223110A0D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<emphasis id="E0E9FA38733E35529A2067DFF19321FC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Minor workers</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
Head shiny, with sparse, thick, irregular rugae, interspaces smooth or rugulose; frontal lobes present; antennal sockets deep; propodeal spines long and thin (PSL: 0.17-0.21 (0.19)).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Major workers.</emphasis>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="83220A802392DCD17A236CBD0C42D786" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="A284811F30B9565E82A0F4724B145E23" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="CBE1ED0E1AF2AA35AF522BE8D56BE799" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<emphasis id="6BF9C8029633D7511B6B9B5B0EEA4148" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Major workers.</emphasis>
|
||||
Measurements (
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="1C08A4435A78CF03938EBF1E0720130B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N</emphasis>
|
||||
= 5): HL: 1.67-1.91 (1.75); HW: 1.66-1.86 (1.71); SL: 0.8-0.87 (0.85); EL: 0.15-0.16 (0.155); WL: 1.23-1.3 (1.27); PSL: 0.27-0.3 (0.28); MTL: 0.78-0.87 (0.81); PNW: 0.65-0.74 (0.69); PTW: 0.16-0.2 (0.17); PPW: 0.42-0.54 (0.46); CI: 97.1-99.4 (98.3); SI: 46.7-51.6 (48.9); PSLI: 14.8-17.7 (16.3); PPI: 36.1-39.8 (37.7); PNI: 38.9-42.8 (40.3); MTI: 46.9-47.8 (47.2).
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Head</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="A0900DBEF4C99D7EF1FF7209CC6B07BB" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A959B5117B692F0BF33840F2087950AE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Head</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
In full-face view rectangular, anterior of eyes relatively straight, posterior of eyes slightly convex (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Pheidole diakritos sp. nov., full-face view (A), profile (C), and dorsal view (E) of paratype minor worker (CASENT 0275480) and full-face view (B), profile (D), and dorsal view (F) of holotype major worker (CASENT 0275436)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373059" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">12B</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="7210E66031C69EDB054F9D9ADB3D06D7" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Pheidole diakritos sp. nov., full-face view (A), profile (C), and dorsal view (E) of paratype minor worker (CASENT 0275480) and full-face view (B), profile (D), and dorsal view (F) of holotype major worker (CASENT 0275436)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373059" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">12B</figureCitation>
|
||||
). In lateral view sub-rectangular; ventral and dorsal faces relatively flat; inner hypostomal teeth visible. Sides of the head with dense, relatively long, erect pilosity; whole head with moderately dense, long, suberect to erect pilosity. Antennal scrobes absent. Antennal sockets deep, smooth, or with a few rugae. Frontal lobes distinct and lobe-like. Occipital lobes with thick, sparse rugae; sculpture slightly weakening posteriorly. Whole head shiny, with sparse, thick, irregular rugae, interspaces smooth. Clypeus shiny, with a few longitudinal rugae; median notch present, wide, and shallow. Scape, when laid back, just reaching the midlength of head; pilosity decumbent to erect (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Pheidole diakritos sp. nov., full-face view (A), profile (C), and dorsal view (E) of paratype minor worker (CASENT 0275480) and full-face view (B), profile (D), and dorsal view (F) of holotype major worker (CASENT 0275436)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373059" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">12B, D</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="3B08E13B5B10E1C5B0E86EF1FF50E553" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Pheidole diakritos sp. nov., full-face view (A), profile (C), and dorsal view (E) of paratype minor worker (CASENT 0275480) and full-face view (B), profile (D), and dorsal view (F) of holotype major worker (CASENT 0275436)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373059" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">12B, D</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Inner hypostomal teeth distinct, closely spaced, triangular, with rounded apex and base slightly wider than apex; outer hypostomal teeth absent (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 84" captionStartId="F84" captionText="Figure 84. Hypostomal teeth. Pheidole aelloea sp. nov. (A). P. ala sp. nov. (B). P. andapa sp. nov. (C). P. ankerana sp. nov. (D). P. annemariae Forel (E). P. avaratra sp. nov. (F). P. bemarahaensis sp. nov. (G). P. bemarivoensis sp. nov. (H). P. binara sp. nov. (I). P. boribora sp. nov. (J). P. brevipilosa sp. nov. (K). P. curvistriata sp. nov. (L). P. diakritos sp. nov. (M). P. ehazoara sp. nov. (N). P. ensifera Forel (O). P. ferruginea sp. nov. (P). P. fisaka sp. nov. (R). P. fitarata sp. nov. (S). P. glabra sp. nov. (T). P. goavana sp. nov. (U). P. lamperos sp. nov. (W). P. longipilosa sp. nov. (X). P. longispinosa Forel (Y). P. lutea sp. nov. (Z)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure84" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373131" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">84M</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="31F961DFB492EC4D9EA1ABB8E101BA83" captionStart="Figure 84" captionStartId="F84" captionText="Figure 84. Hypostomal teeth. Pheidole aelloea sp. nov. (A). P. ala sp. nov. (B). P. andapa sp. nov. (C). P. ankerana sp. nov. (D). P. annemariae Forel (E). P. avaratra sp. nov. (F). P. bemarahaensis sp. nov. (G). P. bemarivoensis sp. nov. (H). P. binara sp. nov. (I). P. boribora sp. nov. (J). P. brevipilosa sp. nov. (K). P. curvistriata sp. nov. (L). P. diakritos sp. nov. (M). P. ehazoara sp. nov. (N). P. ensifera Forel (O). P. ferruginea sp. nov. (P). P. fisaka sp. nov. (R). P. fitarata sp. nov. (S). P. glabra sp. nov. (T). P. goavana sp. nov. (U). P. lamperos sp. nov. (W). P. longipilosa sp. nov. (X). P. longispinosa Forel (Y). P. lutea sp. nov. (Z)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure84" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373131" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">84M</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Mesosoma</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="CAC38FA1534028C9E82783B7779EB614" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8928F44EA022F8C586D1B2F5EA76B7F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Mesosoma</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
In lateral view, promesonotum short, angular, and low, posterior mesonotum convex, with low tubercle-like projection; promesonotal groove absent; metanotal groove indistinct; propodeal spines long, massive basally, with acute apex; humeral area with short, triangular tubercles (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Pheidole diakritos sp. nov., full-face view (A), profile (C), and dorsal view (E) of paratype minor worker (CASENT 0275480) and full-face view (B), profile (D), and dorsal view (F) of holotype major worker (CASENT 0275436)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373059" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">12D</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="AFF62B89D0B8385B7AB10339E303F9ED" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Pheidole diakritos sp. nov., full-face view (A), profile (C), and dorsal view (E) of paratype minor worker (CASENT 0275480) and full-face view (B), profile (D), and dorsal view (F) of holotype major worker (CASENT 0275436)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373059" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">12D</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Surface shiny, with thick, dense rugoreticulation, sculpture slightly weakening on dorsum. Pilosity moderately dense, long and erect (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Pheidole diakritos sp. nov., full-face view (A), profile (C), and dorsal view (E) of paratype minor worker (CASENT 0275480) and full-face view (B), profile (D), and dorsal view (F) of holotype major worker (CASENT 0275436)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373059" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">12D, F</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="DAAF614A7E0AA99FDC41692B76644B8A" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Pheidole diakritos sp. nov., full-face view (A), profile (C), and dorsal view (E) of paratype minor worker (CASENT 0275480) and full-face view (B), profile (D), and dorsal view (F) of holotype major worker (CASENT 0275436)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373059" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">12D, F</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Petiole</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="6E5C1FD688687F11B13B6E46416CC7AB" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<emphasis id="27423974ACDEFEE220A938365B4C245C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Petiole</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
Shiny, foveolate; peduncle relatively long, without horizontal lobes on its basal part; node, low and narrow, with flat apex, in rear view node dorsoventrally depressed; pilosity moderately dense and erect (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Pheidole diakritos sp. nov., full-face view (A), profile (C), and dorsal view (E) of paratype minor worker (CASENT 0275480) and full-face view (B), profile (D), and dorsal view (F) of holotype major worker (CASENT 0275436)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373059" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">12D, F</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="80CF5337CC9E5984D8BE123683E03D2F" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Pheidole diakritos sp. nov., full-face view (A), profile (C), and dorsal view (E) of paratype minor worker (CASENT 0275480) and full-face view (B), profile (D), and dorsal view (F) of holotype major worker (CASENT 0275436)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373059" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">12D, F</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Postpetiole</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="65AA9E914C645DAA301865DD1B8FF66F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B9594A47C3115F1D054269D47A6D3D04" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Postpetiole</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
Foveolate; in dorsal view sides with short, acute, and triangular projections; pilosity long, moderately sparse and erect (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Pheidole diakritos sp. nov., full-face view (A), profile (C), and dorsal view (E) of paratype minor worker (CASENT 0275480) and full-face view (B), profile (D), and dorsal view (F) of holotype major worker (CASENT 0275436)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373059" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">12D, F</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="8DD1E3BA6F20CC78C1DC2417B65E24A7" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Pheidole diakritos sp. nov., full-face view (A), profile (C), and dorsal view (E) of paratype minor worker (CASENT 0275480) and full-face view (B), profile (D), and dorsal view (F) of holotype major worker (CASENT 0275436)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373059" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">12D, F</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Gaster</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="0F8F54A37CDBB4F26330C4745E42FF4A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<emphasis id="32FCC4BDC171ACBE2E0C6B59AE6C09BD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Gaster</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
Shagreened on the whole surface; pilosity moderately dense, very long and erect (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Pheidole diakritos sp. nov., full-face view (A), profile (C), and dorsal view (E) of paratype minor worker (CASENT 0275480) and full-face view (B), profile (D), and dorsal view (F) of holotype major worker (CASENT 0275436)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373059" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">12D, F</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="F63169F2314913B6C02A284548DFF2F7" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Pheidole diakritos sp. nov., full-face view (A), profile (C), and dorsal view (E) of paratype minor worker (CASENT 0275480) and full-face view (B), profile (D), and dorsal view (F) of holotype major worker (CASENT 0275436)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373059" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">12D, F</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Colour</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="9A743D06023FBF4085855A588A1C1493" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<emphasis id="91029BE51C9C6DC33461A4D1297AAC67" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Colour</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
Unicolourous, dark brown (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Pheidole diakritos sp. nov., full-face view (A), profile (C), and dorsal view (E) of paratype minor worker (CASENT 0275480) and full-face view (B), profile (D), and dorsal view (F) of holotype major worker (CASENT 0275436)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373059" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">12D, F</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="F6E21DF438043700D6E2588CF250C845" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Pheidole diakritos sp. nov., full-face view (A), profile (C), and dorsal view (E) of paratype minor worker (CASENT 0275480) and full-face view (B), profile (D), and dorsal view (F) of holotype major worker (CASENT 0275436)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373059" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">12D, F</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373059" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 12" startId="F12">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 12.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Salata & Fisher" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole diakritos" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diakritos">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pheidole diakritos</emphasis>
|
||||
<caption id="817629A18342A7C0E97D105D60D73D24" doi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373059" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 12" startId="F12">
|
||||
<paragraph id="63F54225C3A2622F15778AB60977DE43" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<emphasis id="5491453D9D3EE9FF9BDA3D8CB11399BF" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 12.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="16A02D6D62CEEC63E3B29507FD255324" authorityName="Salata & Fisher" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole diakritos" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diakritos">
|
||||
<emphasis id="69D6B727AF53DD20F772960A8F86FF76" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pheidole diakritos</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp. nov., full-face view (
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="69A2A0B90F5AEA1B08D57759FBCAD2BA" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
|
||||
), profile (
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="686A09799E4917A8A8DDEE64FFD521EE" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
|
||||
), and dorsal view (
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="128E027A053F7C26AEA0407FF1E23A86" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
|
||||
) of paratype minor worker (CASENT0275480) and full-face view (
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="CAC80D6E9B69D33ACE51071D9F3A78FA" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
|
||||
), profile (
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="0B73CC2B463BA1EE119E093DCBCF3BCE" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
|
||||
), and dorsal view (
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="7C16600B53F2F8D097E46ED2C83108A7" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
|
||||
) of holotype major worker (CASENT0275436).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Minor workers.</emphasis>
|
||||
<paragraph id="55BF8665FE15B2F6637918F542367628" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<emphasis id="95CDEF439ADD2C19DAC5049FA34CFE8F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Minor workers.</emphasis>
|
||||
Measurements (
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="1EE706C4BEA1B5510805CCFFEDBCC01E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N</emphasis>
|
||||
= 10): HL: 0.68-0.78 (0.73); HW: 0.59-0.68 (0.64); SL: 0.73-0.83 (0.81); EL: 0.07-0.12 (0.1); WL: 0.89-1.04 (0.98); PSL: 0.17-0.21 (0.19); MTL: 0.56-0.66 (0.62); PNW: 0.44-0.52 (0.49); PTW: 0.08-0.13 (0.1); PPW: 0.12-0.19 (0.16); CI: 85.3-90.2 (87.8); SI: 121.9-129.7 (125.3); PSLI: 25.1-28.7 (26.4); PPI: 59.1-69.3 (64.6); PNI: 73.9-78.4 (76.0); MTI: 92.6-103.0 (97.1).
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Head</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="50494CDDD0B7C51F4F0F39B53061F9A1" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CBAA624AE14FFCC2446244755693C2C5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Head</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
Occipital margin indistinctly concave; occipital carina indistinct, weakly developed (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Pheidole diakritos sp. nov., full-face view (A), profile (C), and dorsal view (E) of paratype minor worker (CASENT 0275480) and full-face view (B), profile (D), and dorsal view (F) of holotype major worker (CASENT 0275436)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373059" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">12A</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1A4F24F9E04DA2178D4C28E5504A18FA" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Pheidole diakritos sp. nov., full-face view (A), profile (C), and dorsal view (E) of paratype minor worker (CASENT 0275480) and full-face view (B), profile (D), and dorsal view (F) of holotype major worker (CASENT 0275436)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373059" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">12A</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Pilosity sparse, long, suberect to erect; antennal sockets deep, smooth or with a few rugae; frontal lobes distinct and lobe-like. Whole head shiny, with sparse, thick, irregular rugae, interspaces smooth or with rugulae. Clypeus rugulose and shiny; median longitudinal carina absent; two lateral longitudinal carinae absent. Scape, when laid back, surpassing posterior head margin by two-fifths of its length; pilosity suberect to erect (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Pheidole diakritos sp. nov., full-face view (A), profile (C), and dorsal view (E) of paratype minor worker (CASENT 0275480) and full-face view (B), profile (D), and dorsal view (F) of holotype major worker (CASENT 0275436)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373059" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">12A, C</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="A222913FAF231A74351CE0B94CB5DB1B" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Pheidole diakritos sp. nov., full-face view (A), profile (C), and dorsal view (E) of paratype minor worker (CASENT 0275480) and full-face view (B), profile (D), and dorsal view (F) of holotype major worker (CASENT 0275436)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373059" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">12A, C</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Mesosoma</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="E3DBA08CEA2C4843AF76E55C07D1B715" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4B8D098AB00D6A4AD45A2FADF9BA5E45" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Mesosoma</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
In lateral view, promesonotum convex; promesonotal groove present; metanotal groove present; humeral area with short triangular tubercles; propodeal spines moderately long, with base almost as wide as apex, apex acute (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Pheidole diakritos sp. nov., full-face view (A), profile (C), and dorsal view (E) of paratype minor worker (CASENT 0275480) and full-face view (B), profile (D), and dorsal view (F) of holotype major worker (CASENT 0275436)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373059" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">12C</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="F52E98C9201240E87E8235998CB98E4F" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Pheidole diakritos sp. nov., full-face view (A), profile (C), and dorsal view (E) of paratype minor worker (CASENT 0275480) and full-face view (B), profile (D), and dorsal view (F) of holotype major worker (CASENT 0275436)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373059" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">12C</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Pronotum and mesonotum with thick, dense rugoreticulation, sculpture slightly weakening on dorsum; katepisternum, anepisternum, and propodeum foveolate. Pilosity sparse, long, and erect (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Pheidole diakritos sp. nov., full-face view (A), profile (C), and dorsal view (E) of paratype minor worker (CASENT 0275480) and full-face view (B), profile (D), and dorsal view (F) of holotype major worker (CASENT 0275436)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373059" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">12C, E</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="A6E2D470C2A5CAB91902149F5D589D9A" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Pheidole diakritos sp. nov., full-face view (A), profile (C), and dorsal view (E) of paratype minor worker (CASENT 0275480) and full-face view (B), profile (D), and dorsal view (F) of holotype major worker (CASENT 0275436)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373059" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">12C, E</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Petiole</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="EB26C0859137DF56556F2F8DEDF143BC" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A527E4D6DD4E4C3E77EB44EB25864780" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Petiole</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
Shiny; peduncle foveolate, moderately long and thin; node smooth, low, bulge-like; with few long, erect setae (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Pheidole diakritos sp. nov., full-face view (A), profile (C), and dorsal view (E) of paratype minor worker (CASENT 0275480) and full-face view (B), profile (D), and dorsal view (F) of holotype major worker (CASENT 0275436)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373059" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">12C, E</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="B1D5288CE885DD0622D66AFD67E49551" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Pheidole diakritos sp. nov., full-face view (A), profile (C), and dorsal view (E) of paratype minor worker (CASENT 0275480) and full-face view (B), profile (D), and dorsal view (F) of holotype major worker (CASENT 0275436)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373059" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">12C, E</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Postpetiole</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="288CB2EF99B9E56850126D4C13410229" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<emphasis id="965CC3EB5DAC78CF3202BF0BB5F5A866" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Postpetiole</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
Sometimes partially foveolate; moderately short, low and slightly convex; with few long, erect setae at the anterior edge (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Pheidole diakritos sp. nov., full-face view (A), profile (C), and dorsal view (E) of paratype minor worker (CASENT 0275480) and full-face view (B), profile (D), and dorsal view (F) of holotype major worker (CASENT 0275436)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373059" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">12C, E</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1F49625BEBD178710AD094E65CF35D14" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Pheidole diakritos sp. nov., full-face view (A), profile (C), and dorsal view (E) of paratype minor worker (CASENT 0275480) and full-face view (B), profile (D), and dorsal view (F) of holotype major worker (CASENT 0275436)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373059" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">12C, E</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Gaster</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="C90ED12A5A1F0627A487BFF9F21A3588" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<emphasis id="5340F7C5A505B771F9179304BF89766F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Gaster</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
Pilosity sparse and erect (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Pheidole diakritos sp. nov., full-face view (A), profile (C), and dorsal view (E) of paratype minor worker (CASENT 0275480) and full-face view (B), profile (D), and dorsal view (F) of holotype major worker (CASENT 0275436)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373059" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">12C, E</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="E8D44D8392F01980C55F7222D39A8E9C" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Pheidole diakritos sp. nov., full-face view (A), profile (C), and dorsal view (E) of paratype minor worker (CASENT 0275480) and full-face view (B), profile (D), and dorsal view (F) of holotype major worker (CASENT 0275436)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373059" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">12C, E</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Colour</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="A76762E9A4F8B41C36B0AC872F1DF143" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<emphasis id="70D5D7019899BEB79E8EE7215DF5BC5F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Colour</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
Brown to dark brown, legs brighter (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Pheidole diakritos sp. nov., full-face view (A), profile (C), and dorsal view (E) of paratype minor worker (CASENT 0275480) and full-face view (B), profile (D), and dorsal view (F) of holotype major worker (CASENT 0275436)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373059" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">12C, E</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="BBEE6216D89E28211C80AE0A584E197F" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Pheidole diakritos sp. nov., full-face view (A), profile (C), and dorsal view (E) of paratype minor worker (CASENT 0275480) and full-face view (B), profile (D), and dorsal view (F) of holotype major worker (CASENT 0275436)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373059" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">12C, E</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||||
<paragraph id="2163A29E1D9D66927A47BA3250E83032" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<emphasis id="3230841F68A9C30F0ACD17B8633F52CB" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||||
Greek for distinct [διακριτός], in reference to its being the only known species with distinct frontal lobes and deep antennal sockets.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Biology.</emphasis>
|
||||
<paragraph id="BD296B4E751578583895A0C2EA9BC73C" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<emphasis id="0965CDC5B8710ADD948E2FDEA92F2F38" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Biology.</emphasis>
|
||||
The species was collected at elevation between 360-865 m, in rainforest, and in montane rainforest. Nesting preferences are unknown.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,315 +1,315 @@
|
|||
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<mods:namePart>Aubriot, Xavier</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation>Universite Paris-Saclay, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Ecologie Systematique et Evolution, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France & The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, UK</mods:affiliation>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="97CDD803004D97F67A4026AD0B220BB3">Aubriot, Xavier</mods:namePart>
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||||
<mods:affiliation id="D49B3494DDC039B6332E2CEAD913A60F">Universite Paris-Saclay, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Ecologie Systematique et Evolution, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France & The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, UK</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart>Knapp, Sandra</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7698-3945</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, UK</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="D7382CA74194C88DBB4123D71FBA2349">Knapp, Sandra</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="7FD97335FC7D1A446E4ECBF7B5A611A3">The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, UK</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="9BA0BBE4EE7C0EEF4F27B3AA889F96C6" type="email">s.knapp@nhm.ac.uk</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="5E71F233E842FF281D47673B79D2CB8C">PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number>198</mods:number>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E39FD76123E1E7512BAE81D0D954BD3F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E39FD76123E1E7512BAE81D0D954BD3F" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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35.
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||||
<taxonomicName authority="Willd., Phytographia 1: 5. 1794." authorityName="Willd., Phytographia 1: 5. 1794." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum pubescens" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pubescens">Solanum pubescens Willd., Phytographia 1: 5. 1794.</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName id="B746A375637278C6317B7D66DFFAA83A" ID-CoL="4Y3VP" authority="Willd., Phytographia 1: 5. 1794." authorityName="Willd., Phytographia 1: 5. 1794." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum pubescens" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pubescens">Solanum pubescens Willd., Phytographia 1: 5. 1794.</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Diversity of inflorescences and flowers in tropical Asian spiny solanums A lax, spreading inflorescences and stellate flowers of Solanum violaceum (Sampath Kumar et al. 126945, India) B condensed, recurved inflorescences and stellate flowers of S. multiflorum (Sampath Kumar et al. 126950, India) C inflorescences and large stellate flowers of S. involucratum (field photograph, unvouchered, Vietnam) D inflorescences and stellate flowers of S. pubescens with unequal stamens, one long and recurved (Sampath Kumar et al. 126956, India) E large rotate flower of S. insanum with abundant interpetalar corolla tissues (Sampath Kumar et al. 126918, India) F many flowered inflorescence and infructescence of S. pseudosaponaceum (field photograph, unvouchered, Philippines) G many flowered inflorescences of S. torvum; flowers with well-developed interpetalar corolla tissues (Suksathan et al. PS 3815, Thailand) H small stellate flowers of S. viarum (Sampath Kumar et al. 126944, India). Photograph credits: A, B, D, E, H X. Aubriot C M. Nuraliev F D. Tandang G D. Pedersen." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.198.79514.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/689696" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figs 3D</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Diversity of fruits and seeds in tropical Asian spiny solanums A large oval fruit of Solanum insanum (Sampath Kumar et al. 126918, India) B condensed infructescence and small rounded fruits of Solanum hovei (field photograph, unvouchered, India) C large rounded hairy fruit of S. involucratum with strongly accrescent and spiny calyx (field photograph, unvouchered, Vietnam) D small rounded fruit of Solanum pubescens with elongated calyx lobes (Sampath Kumar et al. 126956, India) E rounded fruit of Solanum cyanocarphium with strongly accrescent and spiny calyx (field photograph, unvouchered, Vietnam) F small rounded fruit of S. trilobatum in transverse cut (Meeboonya et al. RM 242, Thailand) G rounded fruit and accrescent calyx of S. praetermissum in transverse cut (field photograph, unvouchered, Vietnam) H oval fruit of Solanum virginianum in transverse cut (field photograph, unvouchered, India). Photograph credits: A, B, D, F, H X. Aubriot C, E, G M. Nuraliev." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.198.79514.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/689697" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 4D</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 59" captionStartId="F59" captionText="Figure 59. Solanum pubescens Willd. A herbarium specimen collected in India (Wight 2629 b, BM 000900098) B habit (Sampath Kumar et al. 126956, India) C inflorescence (Sampath Kumar et al. 126956, India) D immature fruit (Sampath Kumar et al. 126956, India). Photograph credits: A CC-BY, © copyright The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London B-D X. Aubriot." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.198.79514.figure59" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/689752" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 59</figureCitation>
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<subSubSection id="09335AB89D61F1DE905A4609213901F7" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
|
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<paragraph id="A78E72B38F515CC4293BD3934A9E0D50" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
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<figureCitation id="D12F2E12A6200B5E7C7FB441FF5CB0AF" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Diversity of inflorescences and flowers in tropical Asian spiny solanums A lax, spreading inflorescences and stellate flowers of Solanum violaceum (Sampath Kumar et al. 126945, India) B condensed, recurved inflorescences and stellate flowers of S. multiflorum (Sampath Kumar et al. 126950, India) C inflorescences and large stellate flowers of S. involucratum (field photograph, unvouchered, Vietnam) D inflorescences and stellate flowers of S. pubescens with unequal stamens, one long and recurved (Sampath Kumar et al. 126956, India) E large rotate flower of S. insanum with abundant interpetalar corolla tissues (Sampath Kumar et al. 126918, India) F many flowered inflorescence and infructescence of S. pseudosaponaceum (field photograph, unvouchered, Philippines) G many flowered inflorescences of S. torvum; flowers with well-developed interpetalar corolla tissues (Suksathan et al. PS 3815, Thailand) H small stellate flowers of S. viarum (Sampath Kumar et al. 126944, India). Photograph credits: A, B, D, E, H X. Aubriot C M. Nuraliev F D. Tandang G D. Pedersen." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.198.79514.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/689696" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figs 3D</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="8DB04952CF3AC8C02DD4BCB6C381864A" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Diversity of fruits and seeds in tropical Asian spiny solanums A large oval fruit of Solanum insanum (Sampath Kumar et al. 126918, India) B condensed infructescence and small rounded fruits of Solanum hovei (field photograph, unvouchered, India) C large rounded hairy fruit of S. involucratum with strongly accrescent and spiny calyx (field photograph, unvouchered, Vietnam) D small rounded fruit of Solanum pubescens with elongated calyx lobes (Sampath Kumar et al. 126956, India) E rounded fruit of Solanum cyanocarphium with strongly accrescent and spiny calyx (field photograph, unvouchered, Vietnam) F small rounded fruit of S. trilobatum in transverse cut (Meeboonya et al. RM 242, Thailand) G rounded fruit and accrescent calyx of S. praetermissum in transverse cut (field photograph, unvouchered, Vietnam) H oval fruit of Solanum virginianum in transverse cut (field photograph, unvouchered, India). Photograph credits: A, B, D, F, H X. Aubriot C, E, G M. Nuraliev." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.198.79514.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/689697" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 4D</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="D243DE348299F436BB67CC1D5DF3C664" captionStart="Figure 59" captionStartId="F59" captionText="Figure 59. Solanum pubescens Willd. A herbarium specimen collected in India (Wight 2629 b, BM 000900098) B habit (Sampath Kumar et al. 126956, India) C inflorescence (Sampath Kumar et al. 126956, India) D immature fruit (Sampath Kumar et al. 126956, India). Photograph credits: A CC-BY, © copyright The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London B-D X. Aubriot." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.198.79514.figure59" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/689752" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 59</figureCitation>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum calycinum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="calycinum">Solanum calycinum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="E2C14CEBF6303D438AB69D7A46DC4462" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
|
||||
<paragraph id="FC67C0B2692717272161F389DA7745B8" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F4F60C653C0984ACBD7F5F918F58FEF1" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum calycinum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="calycinum">Solanum calycinum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Nees, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 17(1): 60. 1834. Type. India. Sin. loc., "Herb. Madr. 237",
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Anonymous s.n.</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="E547DD12C4A1DBB891F3AA21DB36EC80" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Anonymous s.n.</emphasis>
|
||||
[Wallich Catal. Suppl. n. 237] (lectotype, designated here: GZU [GZU000255511])
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum neesianum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="neesianum">Solanum neesianum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<paragraph id="E36693BD9A7AFED61AB08A92515D7C73" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="91CD14853772D1006230CD0DC7AF0D93" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum neesianum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="neesianum">Solanum neesianum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
D.Dietr., Syn. Pl. (D. Dietrich) 1: 697. 1839, nom. illeg., non
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum neesianum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="neesianum">Solanum neesianum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="AEF5679AA2BBF80C6E89A2C08764D9DD" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum neesianum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="neesianum">Solanum neesianum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Wall. ex Nees, 1834. Type. Based on
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum calycinum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="calycinum">Solanum calycinum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A52BCF821AA3DCB0782260C1FD5BC98E" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum calycinum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="calycinum">Solanum calycinum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Nees
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum esenbeckii" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="esenbeckii">Solanum esenbeckii</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<paragraph id="A29EA19B80A6B8519DC75CAC4BBE1480" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C84A4F83DB42B70A5DC21DD79BE5F665" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum esenbeckii" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="esenbeckii">Solanum esenbeckii</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Steud., Nomencl. Bot. ed. 2, 2: 602. 1841, nom. illeg. superfl. Type. Based on
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum calycinum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="calycinum">Solanum calycinum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="9D452B186A2937141F29F95FCDCEC5EE" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum calycinum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="calycinum">Solanum calycinum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Nees
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum conanthum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="conanthum">Solanum conanthum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<paragraph id="1162911E48D8D6A99246E39401A606F3" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="D4AACA6C19C57D5EAD0A8B83DFF84DCF" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum conanthum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="conanthum">Solanum conanthum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Dunal, Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13(1): 127. 1852, nom. illeg. superfl. Type. Based on
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum calycinum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="calycinum">Solanum calycinum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="D6E1CDFBC89E9CF332F4D9CB0688A01D" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum calycinum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="calycinum">Solanum calycinum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Nees
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<typeStatus>Type</typeStatus>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="F43585AAEA3C05051678CA37CD306715" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
|
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<paragraph id="2257EE156856CA6265A3E04855404AD5" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<typeStatus id="BC8FE6B204DE946B5A17749D413DBEF5">Type</typeStatus>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2022-01-01" collectingDateMax="2022-12-31" collectingDateMin="2022-01-01" location="Habitat in Indiae" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="lectotype">
|
||||
<paragraph id="4D02140384D03083D85E7BE482A50609" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="2E71A44CCF15305F26E125ECBAB94FB5" collectingDate="2022-01-01" collectingDateMax="2022-12-31" collectingDateMin="2022-01-01" location="Habitat in Indiae" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="lectotype">
|
||||
Cultivated. "
|
||||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E39FD76123E1E7512BAE81D0D954BD3F:40D73D05FDD8B74F5D9D93E911166705" name="Habitat in Indiae">Habitat in Indiae</location>
|
||||
<location id="40D73D05FDD8B74F5D9D93E911166705" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E39FD76123E1E7512BAE81D0D954BD3F:40D73D05FDD8B74F5D9D93E911166705" name="Habitat in Indiae">Habitat in Indiae</location>
|
||||
hortis, arboretis solo argilloso rarius",
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Anonymous s.n.</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="70E640E76FD650696924A27A2119778A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Anonymous s.n.</emphasis>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<typeStatus>lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
<typeStatus id="F2E4F919CA5856BEEA263B7AAA860548">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
, designated by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Hepper, FN" editor="Dassanayake, MD" journalOrPublisher="VI. Smithsonian Institution and Amerind Publishing, Washington DC and New Delhi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="365 - 409" refId="B96" refString="Hepper, FN, 1987. Solanaceae. In: Dassanayake, MD, Ed., A revised handbook to the flora of Ceylon, Vol. VI. Smithsonian Institution and Amerind Publishing, Washington DC and New Delhi: 365 - 409" title="Solanaceae." volumeTitle="A revised handbook to the flora of Ceylon, Vol." year="1987">Hepper 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="9AE8AA4299D940043805D9E12149D4B4" author="Hepper, FN" editor="Dassanayake, MD" journalOrPublisher="VI. Smithsonian Institution and Amerind Publishing, Washington DC and New Delhi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="365 - 409" refId="B96" refString="Hepper, FN, 1987. Solanaceae. In: Dassanayake, MD, Ed., A revised handbook to the flora of Ceylon, Vol. VI. Smithsonian Institution and Amerind Publishing, Washington DC and New Delhi: 365 - 409" title="Solanaceae." volumeTitle="A revised handbook to the flora of Ceylon, Vol." year="1987">Hepper 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, pg. 369, as
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“type”">"type"</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="9095233DB9FCA3A0108ED36CEBFCC975" originalValue="“type”">"type"</normalizedToken>
|
||||
: B [B-W04313-010])
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C780977B177CE6CDD207C721E23C9FD5" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="2389E01F1B14A8CF0DD3955624B22E96" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="5E9C4BE1754EBBC5F35B932BE896CE3F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
Erect shrubs to 5 m tall, unarmed. Stems erect, terete, stellate-pubescent and sticky glandular; pubescence of very short-stalked multangulate trichomes mixed with sessile porrect-stellate trichomes, the multangulate trichomes with more than 10 rays, the rays 0.4-0.5 mm long, the porrect-stellate trichomes with 6-8 rays, 0.4-0.5 mm long, the midpoints to 1 mm long, all trichomes usually glandular tipped and the plants sticky; new growth densely glandular-pubescent, the trichomes tangled, soon deciduous and the stems glabrate; bark of older stems greyish white. Sympodial units plurifoliate, the leaves not geminate. Leaves simple, unlobed, the blades 2.5-12 cm long, 1.5-7 cm wide, ca. 1-1.5 times longer than wide, ovate to broadly triangular, widest in the lower third, chartaceous, more or less concolorous, unarmed, the leaves of lower stems much larger than those of distal branches; adaxial surface evenly and densely pubescent with sessile and very short-stalked porrect-stellate trichomes, the rays 4-8, to 0.5 mm long, glandular at the tips, the midpoints 2-4-celled, to 2 mm long, glandular at the tips; abaxial surface with similar porrect-stellate trichomes, but these denser especially along the veins; major veins 3-4 pairs, densely pubescent especially abaxially; base abruptly truncate to cordate, somewhat oblique; margins entire or slightly sinuate, not lobed; apex acute; petioles 1-4 cm long, 1/2 of the leaf blade length, unarmed, more densely glandular stellate-pubescent than the stems, but the trichomes of the same morphology. Inflorescences to 3 cm long, internodal and lateral, unbranched, with 5-12 flowers, only 1 or 2 flowers open at any one time, densely glandular pubescent with mixed multangulate and stellate-porrect trichomes like those of the stems; peduncle 0.3-0.5 cm long; pedicels 1.2-1.6 cm long, ca. 0.5 mm in diameter at the base, ca. 1 mm in diameter at the apex, spreading at anthesis, glandular stellate-pubescent like the inflorescence axes, articulated at the base; pedicel scars irregularly spaced 1-3 mm apart. Buds elongate ellipsoid and tapering, strongly exserted from the calyx before anthesis. Flowers 5-merous, apparently all perfect. Calyx with the tube 2-2.5 mm long, conical, the lobes 3.5-5 mm long, ca. 1.5 mm wide, long-triangular to lanceolate, apically acute, densely stellate-pubescent abaxially with mixed glandular multangulate and porrect-stellate trichomes like those of the pedicels. Corolla 2-2.2 cm in diameter, violet or deep purple, stellate, lobed 3/4 of the way to the base, minimal interpetalar tissue present, the lobes 6-7 mm long, 4-4.5 mm wide, spreading at anthesis, mostly glabrous adaxially or with a few stellate trichomes along the petal midvein, densely stellate-pubescent abaxially with densely tangled sessile trichomes where exposed in bud, these densest at the tips. Stamens markedly unequal, with 4 short and one long and curved; long anther 7.5-9 mm long, 1-1.5 mm wide, strongly curved and tapering, short anthers 5-7 mm long, 1-1.5 mm wide, straight, all anthers yellow, glabrous, poricidal at the tips, the pores directed distally, not elongating to slits with drying; filament tube minute, glabrous; free portion of the filaments ca. 0.5 mm long, glabrous. Ovary conical, glabrous; style 9-10 mm long, strongly curved inwards and held adjacent to the long anther, glabrous; stigma capitate or slightly clavate, the surfaces minutely papillose. Fruit a globose berry, several per infructescence, 1-1.6 cm in diameter, orange-red when ripe, the pericarp thin and shiny, glabrous; fruiting pedicels 2.5-3.5 cm long, ca. 1.5 mm in diameter at the base, 2-2.5 mm in diameter at the apex, somewhat woody, spreading to pendent from weight of berries; fruiting calyx not accrescent, the lobes often breaking off. Seeds 20-30 per berry, 4-5 mm long, 3.5-4 mm wide, flattened reniform, yellowish or reddish brown, the surfaces minutely pitted, the testal cells with sinuate margins. Chromosome number: 2n = 24 (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Chennaveeraiah, MS" journalOrPublisher="Economic Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B40" refString="Chennaveeraiah, MS, Krishnappa, DG, 1971. Karyomorphological studies of nonspinaceous species of Solanum. Journal of Cytology and Genetics 5: 89-94." title="Karyomorphological studies of nonspinaceous species of Solanum. Journal of Cytology and Genetics 5: 89 - 94." year="1971">Chennaveeraiah and Krishnappa 1971</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="04175A24F5ADF06E7D4EF5C68FF9ADFC" author="Chennaveeraiah, MS" journalOrPublisher="Economic Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B40" refString="Chennaveeraiah, MS, Krishnappa, DG, 1971. Karyomorphological studies of nonspinaceous species of Solanum. Journal of Cytology and Genetics 5: 89-94." title="Karyomorphological studies of nonspinaceous species of Solanum. Journal of Cytology and Genetics 5: 89 - 94." year="1971">Chennaveeraiah and Krishnappa 1971</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03053339" author="Rao, YV" journalOrPublisher="Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B204" refString="Rao, YV, Rao, BG, 1987. Cytomorphological studies of hybrids between Solanum pubescens, Solanum incanum and Solanum indicum. Proceedings of the Indiana Academy of Sciences 97(1): 49-53. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03053339" title="Cytomorphological studies of hybrids between Solanum pubescens, Solanum incanum and Solanum indicum. Proceedings of the Indiana Academy of Sciences 97 (1): 49 - 53." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03053339" year="1987">Rao and Rao 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="7D583AF6130738404464F839E63AD983" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03053339" author="Rao, YV" journalOrPublisher="Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B204" refString="Rao, YV, Rao, BG, 1987. Cytomorphological studies of hybrids between Solanum pubescens, Solanum incanum and Solanum indicum. Proceedings of the Indiana Academy of Sciences 97(1): 49-53. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03053339" title="Cytomorphological studies of hybrids between Solanum pubescens, Solanum incanum and Solanum indicum. Proceedings of the Indiana Academy of Sciences 97 (1): 49 - 53." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03053339" year="1987">Rao and Rao 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.198.79514.figure59" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/689752" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 59" startId="F59">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 59.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum pubescens" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pubescens">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum pubescens</emphasis>
|
||||
<caption id="CF725D7C087BB63248813D9A2607BB6B" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.198.79514.figure59" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/689752" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 59" startId="F59">
|
||||
<paragraph id="74E54FA57B3136064DFB9EC91543B8C3" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<emphasis id="550DB93522AF01D17993829464B4118B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 59.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2B2A50A617102BBEEC83BA3A67DF4E45" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum pubescens" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pubescens">
|
||||
<emphasis id="71DA1634C0B59D7F82EE2A94E430948C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum pubescens</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Willd.
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="42B736FEF756D186D81F26A6EC39898A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
|
||||
herbarium specimen collected in India (
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Wight 2629b</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="F91AF93DEFC35A0C233BADD792744111" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Wight 2629b</emphasis>
|
||||
, BM000900098)
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="12288FC193BD691933DA863401AF12C1" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
|
||||
habit (
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Sampath Kumar et al. 126956</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="F546AD65CB03107486D0BD8DD53D4E30" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Sampath Kumar et al. 126956</emphasis>
|
||||
, India)
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="DB0EFF6A34119810D2151BAA9B7DBFA2" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
|
||||
inflorescence (
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Sampath Kumar et al. 126956</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="751BA0086A168849A2B4D18BC080B039" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Sampath Kumar et al. 126956</emphasis>
|
||||
, India)
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="B0F843E184B6AC66095CAA671F709421" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
|
||||
immature fruit (
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Sampath Kumar et al. 126956</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="1F57AC1C5E4A7B58F851F1388A1272E2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Sampath Kumar et al. 126956</emphasis>
|
||||
, India). Photograph credits:
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="B62AAB093CB45311B6E605EE591BB82C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
|
||||
CC-BY, © copyright The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B-D</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="39371597300F78D677D92D97033CC5CD" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B-D</emphasis>
|
||||
X. Aubriot.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="923A4FF3D9C1DF6AB11F8109CC1051A8" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph id="C6C0C01255BC4A004D13FDECD75354D6" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="073C551EAEFC813E2E02A62B50151350" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<emphasis id="88127EDF9F81F5D9C6884A20DEC48DC3" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
(Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 60" captionStartId="F60" captionText="Figure 60. Distribution of S. pubescens." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.198.79514.figure60" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/689753" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">60</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="728764B35B5D5A7DBA4D12165C498175" captionStart="Figure 60" captionStartId="F60" captionText="Figure 60. Distribution of S. pubescens." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.198.79514.figure60" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/689753" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">60</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum pubescens" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pubescens">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum pubescens</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4610FFCCFCDBA5909E8489D0A6392DA9" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum pubescens" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pubescens">
|
||||
<emphasis id="40DEE7AACD93751093F91BE98B90F457" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum pubescens</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
occurs from India to Saudi Arabia and Yemen on the Arabian Peninsula.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="ecology">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ecology and habitat.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum pubescens" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pubescens">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum pubescens</emphasis>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="1482E3331C0058F7D221DE89425A6CC3" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="ecology">
|
||||
<paragraph id="A0CC1C4B55CA17BFC294A45D700A36E9" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ecology and habitat.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="9C70EC05E737705505651918891D0656" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="DB69D1DF1036893141FE6E5C49F079F0" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum pubescens" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pubescens">
|
||||
<emphasis id="131F6228463E0411D11A5179667B66AD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum pubescens</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is found in a variety of dry forest types, such as thorn forest, often occurring in open areas and along roadsides, from 300 to 1,000 m elevation.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="common names and uses">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Common names and uses.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">India. sonde, hucchu sonde, savadangi, cherichunda (Malayam), kaattu sundai kaai (Tamil), usthi kaai (Telugu) (https://www.flowersofindia.net). It is recorded as being used for bowel and joint pains (see https://www.flowersofindia.net).</paragraph>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="DEC8CE649CDCE532EF25E45A3A342113" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="common names and uses">
|
||||
<paragraph id="68B52FB17E746C8927733434A5E7568D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Common names and uses.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="DFAA532A8CF8AE7B9444D9483CC5CB1D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">India. sonde, hucchu sonde, savadangi, cherichunda (Malayam), kaattu sundai kaai (Tamil), usthi kaai (Telugu) (https://www.flowersofindia.net). It is recorded as being used for bowel and joint pains (see https://www.flowersofindia.net).</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="preliminary conservation status">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Preliminary conservation status</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="2B85B2DC56F000646730DC1CB17EABC9" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="preliminary conservation status">
|
||||
<paragraph id="D7AE7EC22150D8A32A25916020DB88F8" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Preliminary conservation status</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="B466B474990F225BB8E97536AED77384" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<emphasis id="355C531EA74ABCE0698C2AC0FB7D3E91" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Hutchings, A" journalOrPublisher="AGRIVITA Journal of Agricultural Science" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" publicationUrl="http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf" refId="B105" refString="2019. . http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf" url="http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf" year="2019">IUCN 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="B72F8BE6C92D0F692F23115A5B6094A4" author="Hutchings, A" journalOrPublisher="AGRIVITA Journal of Agricultural Science" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" publicationUrl="http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf" refId="B105" refString="2019. . http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf" url="http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf" year="2019">IUCN 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
Least Concern (LC). EOO (996,977 km2, LC); AOO (272 km2, EN). Like many other spiny solanums in tropical Asia,
|
||||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="S." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. pubescens" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="pubescens">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. pubescens</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="0BDA93A9967D30D59D705FF3CF03885E" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. pubescens" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pubescens">
|
||||
<emphasis id="92F3E3376C3167BCD377F90992EF0104" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. pubescens</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is widely distributed in a variety of habitats, although the AOO suggests some concern, this is a common species.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.198.79514.figure60" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/689753" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 60" startId="F60">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 60.</emphasis>
|
||||
<caption id="073F9D7A245C7C3B7FD30A73DC027C9F" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.198.79514.figure60" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/689753" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 60" startId="F60">
|
||||
<paragraph id="75BA040FCA44663D7E76FE2E8C27462F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<emphasis id="07F60AA843A8D0832469FA6D52FE079B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 60.</emphasis>
|
||||
Distribution of
|
||||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="S." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. pubescens" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="pubescens">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. pubescens</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="425ABF9C6D483458E758ECD9BED28FE0" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. pubescens" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pubescens">
|
||||
<emphasis id="D09BB7EEE12BF6F75FDD2A3E9C35C774" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. pubescens</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Discussion.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum pubescens" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pubescens">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum pubescens</emphasis>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="FF372F34C9D53504CB2F8D115D410A11" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph id="CA9DC8E9C9BF29AD4F027214C4496914" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Discussion.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="E49C6D9548F7FBCE01A807A8907EF8BE" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B3A756DFA49599199C0E7CEADD49F60B" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum pubescens" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pubescens">
|
||||
<emphasis id="ABE9015E717B533DCD83087383F5FB42" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum pubescens</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is morphologically similar and probably closely related to
|
||||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="S." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. vagum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="vagum">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. vagum</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="04546A4C40BB34DA7EF7B53ADD5B90BC" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. vagum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vagum">
|
||||
<emphasis id="EE6751F3961FE5B191F52930D667A7A6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. vagum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, sharing with that species zygomorphic flowers at anthesis, heteromorphic anthers and shiny berries on erect or slightly pendulous pedicels.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Hepper, FN" editor="Dassanayake, MD" journalOrPublisher="VI. Smithsonian Institution and Amerind Publishing, Washington DC and New Delhi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="365 - 409" refId="B96" refString="Hepper, FN, 1987. Solanaceae. In: Dassanayake, MD, Ed., A revised handbook to the flora of Ceylon, Vol. VI. Smithsonian Institution and Amerind Publishing, Washington DC and New Delhi: 365 - 409" title="Solanaceae." volumeTitle="A revised handbook to the flora of Ceylon, Vol." year="1987">Hepper (1987)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="918B4D01E09FACB02203B13273E41866" author="Hepper, FN" editor="Dassanayake, MD" journalOrPublisher="VI. Smithsonian Institution and Amerind Publishing, Washington DC and New Delhi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="365 - 409" refId="B96" refString="Hepper, FN, 1987. Solanaceae. In: Dassanayake, MD, Ed., A revised handbook to the flora of Ceylon, Vol. VI. Smithsonian Institution and Amerind Publishing, Washington DC and New Delhi: 365 - 409" title="Solanaceae." volumeTitle="A revised handbook to the flora of Ceylon, Vol." year="1987">Hepper (1987)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
treated material of
|
||||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="S." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. vagum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="vagum">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. vagum</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="8D822D2C4BF5241123122AD5F0FAB0E8" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. vagum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vagum">
|
||||
<emphasis id="10FADE203B50000825F9FE9B9C356F10" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. vagum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
from Sri Lanka as
|
||||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="S." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. pubescens" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="pubescens">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. pubescens</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="E0FC14ACFD3510A693A5FA824213E50A" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. pubescens" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pubescens">
|
||||
<emphasis id="E3ABC6C0099A5147FF514A62BF72B874" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. pubescens</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
in the "Revised Handbook to the Flora of Ceylon".
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum pubescens" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pubescens">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum pubescens</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="6C9DD84CB88631759AC678B7BA918AD2" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum pubescens" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pubescens">
|
||||
<emphasis id="56C65FBD10AEDFD94101FF3519B342AB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum pubescens</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
differs from
|
||||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="S." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. vagum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="vagum">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. vagum</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="159744060C9169ECB670A4BFAEA66A74" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. vagum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vagum">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7FEF344949F4CE68C96BF69ACDCA46BA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. vagum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
in its glandular pubescence, its narrowly elliptic leaves with attenuate bases and slightly smaller, violet (rather than white) flowers. In
|
||||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="S." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. pubescens" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="pubescens">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. pubescens</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="BC260B694749FDF7384181A45872CBA6" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. pubescens" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pubescens">
|
||||
<emphasis id="200C68A7F4B33EC154EBAB874EE32EC5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. pubescens</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
the lamina of young leaves is obscured by the dense covering of glandular stellate to multangulate stalked trichomes with elongate midpoints and the leaves are described as "oily to touch" (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Singh, NP" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Botanical Society of Bengal" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B226" refString="Singh, NP, 1988. Solanaceae. In: Flora of eastern Karnataka. Vol. 2. Mittal Publications, Delhi, 455-462." title="Solanaceae. In: Flora of eastern Karnataka. Vol. 2. Mittal Publications, Delhi, 455 - 462." year="1988">Singh 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="983DA49FD49CEE9A887119FABDADFCF1" author="Singh, NP" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Botanical Society of Bengal" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B226" refString="Singh, NP, 1988. Solanaceae. In: Flora of eastern Karnataka. Vol. 2. Mittal Publications, Delhi, 455-462." title="Solanaceae. In: Flora of eastern Karnataka. Vol. 2. Mittal Publications, Delhi, 455 - 462." year="1988">Singh 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
), while in
|
||||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="S." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. vagum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="vagum">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. vagum</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="0DA229ED4B5F4A6C0C13FB8F4115B136" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. vagum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vagum">
|
||||
<emphasis id="15C6D0503BB54501495E95FFF06916C0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. vagum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
the pubescence of adaxial leaf surfaces is of very sparse sessile stellate trichomes with midpoints usually equal to the rays, and the lamina is clearly visible. The two species are sympatric in southern India.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum pubescens" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pubescens">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum pubescens</emphasis>
|
||||
<paragraph id="2C6F6A8DB4B705F9E347BCCF42C2AEDE" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="72B6503F83F5112A520C939F3D1399F4" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum pubescens" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pubescens">
|
||||
<emphasis id="AA59E5C0830F4CC6943AAAB3BE2AA1DF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum pubescens</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="S." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. vagum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="vagum">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. vagum</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="1F0D2F05B026E63E12421EDA920EEB79" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. vagum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vagum">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4C3ED6D560A4B86D6159EF9D7DDCD054" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. vagum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
share a zygomorphic androecium, with one anther distinctly longer than the rest. From herbarium sheets it appears that this difference becomes more pronounced with flower age. Post-anthesis anther expansion occurs in the unrelated
|
||||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="S." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. turneroides" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="turneroides">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. turneroides</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="283E07637E6B1EB055EEDBFD0A53283B" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. turneroides" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="turneroides">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BDA15EF8DE6DDC28EC1348E5B38438E6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. turneroides</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Chodat (Brevantherum clade, see
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1600/036364413X666624" author="Stern, S" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="471 - 496" refId="B233" refString="Stern, S, Giacomin, LL, Stehmann, JR, Knapp, S, 2013. A revision of Solanum section Gonatotrichum Bitter (Solanaceae). Systematic Botany 38: 471 - 496, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1600/036364413X666624" title="A revision of Solanum section Gonatotrichum Bitter (Solanaceae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1600/036364413X666624" volume="38" year="2013">Stern et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="4D5092D5CD6DDB725935DA9B4A1DCC42" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1600/036364413X666624" author="Stern, S" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="471 - 496" refId="B233" refString="Stern, S, Giacomin, LL, Stehmann, JR, Knapp, S, 2013. A revision of Solanum section Gonatotrichum Bitter (Solanaceae). Systematic Botany 38: 471 - 496, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1600/036364413X666624" title="A revision of Solanum section Gonatotrichum Bitter (Solanaceae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1600/036364413X666624" volume="38" year="2013">Stern et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
) of southern South America. Buds of the African species
|
||||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="S." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. somalense" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="somalense">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. somalense</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="5F049F2AB952310E799A17A9E3DE80D7" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. somalense" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="somalense">
|
||||
<emphasis id="E70950231DD69F3937B7EE45E38D18C3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. somalense</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Franch. also have the anthers of more or less equal length that become different with age (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03027161" author="Vorontsova, MS" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Botany Monographs" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 428" refId="B259" refString="Vorontsova, MS, Knapp, S, 2016. A revision of the "spiny solanums," Solanum subgenus Leptostemonum (Solanaceae), in Africa and Madagascar. Systematic Botany Monographs 99: 1 - 428, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03027161" title="A revision of the " spiny solanums, " Solanum subgenus Leptostemonum (Solanaceae), in Africa and Madagascar." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03027161" volume="99" year="2016">Vorontsova and Knapp 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="2710650D1EC18D7A2259CB6462655F57" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03027161" author="Vorontsova, MS" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Botany Monographs" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 428" refId="B259" refString="Vorontsova, MS, Knapp, S, 2016. A revision of the "spiny solanums," Solanum subgenus Leptostemonum (Solanaceae), in Africa and Madagascar. Systematic Botany Monographs 99: 1 - 428, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03027161" title="A revision of the " spiny solanums, " Solanum subgenus Leptostemonum (Solanaceae), in Africa and Madagascar." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03027161" volume="99" year="2016">Vorontsova and Knapp 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). This phenomenon needs study with populations in the field and lab.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<paragraph id="6B497137708B0C04E92E09CCEED360A4" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
The
|
||||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="S." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="family">Solanaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2067CDF7C3AA8AFE73DED0C43080681F" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Solanaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
from Nees van
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Esenbeck’s">Esenbeck's</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="03F73C1B955737D26175BABA0DE83133" originalValue="Esenbeck’s">Esenbeck's</normalizedToken>
|
||||
personal herbarium are held in Graz at GZU (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Stafleu, FA" journalOrPublisher="Botanical Review" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" publicationUrl="https://www.sil.si.edu/DigitalCollections/tl-2/browse.cfm?vol=3page/721" refId="B231" refString="Stafleu, FA, Cowan, RS, 1981. Taxonomic Literature II. Vol 3: Authors Lh-O, ed. 2. Bonn, Scheltema & Holkema, Utrecht. https://www.sil.si.edu/DigitalCollections/tl-2/browse.cfm?vol=3page/721" title="Taxonomic Literature II. Vol 3: Authors Lh-O, ed. 2. Bonn, Scheltema & Holkema, Utrecht." url="https://www.sil.si.edu/DigitalCollections/tl-2/browse.cfm?vol=3page/721" year="1981">Stafleu and Cowan 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="E18D24164D1EBD823CF939D1C76DFB9D" author="Stafleu, FA" journalOrPublisher="Botanical Review" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" publicationUrl="https://www.sil.si.edu/DigitalCollections/tl-2/browse.cfm?vol=3page/721" refId="B231" refString="Stafleu, FA, Cowan, RS, 1981. Taxonomic Literature II. Vol 3: Authors Lh-O, ed. 2. Bonn, Scheltema & Holkema, Utrecht. https://www.sil.si.edu/DigitalCollections/tl-2/browse.cfm?vol=3page/721" title="Taxonomic Literature II. Vol 3: Authors Lh-O, ed. 2. Bonn, Scheltema & Holkema, Utrecht." url="https://www.sil.si.edu/DigitalCollections/tl-2/browse.cfm?vol=3page/721" year="1981">Stafleu and Cowan 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). The sheet in GZU is the only one we have found of the Wallich Herb.
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Madras”">"Madras"</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="83DA17968AED404A70C3CD5672DEE22E" originalValue="“Madras”">"Madras"</normalizedToken>
|
||||
gatherings cited in the protologue of
|
||||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="S." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. calycinum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="calycinum">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. calycinum</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="FC1E311300BC829AF599561C89E9436F" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. calycinum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="calycinum">
|
||||
<emphasis id="F9FF433861833576281643C2A2861A01" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. calycinum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. We therefore designate it (GZU000255511) as the lectotype of
|
||||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="S." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. calycinum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="calycinum">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. calycinum</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="312A1026FF1D69943E471C93ED0BE436" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. calycinum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="calycinum">
|
||||
<emphasis id="3945491D56998DA3758A32343DB19EEF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. calycinum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Dunal, M-F" journalOrPublisher=") Prodromus systematis naturalis regni vegetabilis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 690" refId="B73" refString="Dunal, M-F, 1852. Solanaceae. In: Candolle AP de (Ed.) Prodromus systematis naturalis regni vegetabilis 13 (1): 1 - 690" title="Solanaceae. In: Candolle AP de (Ed." volume="13" year="1852">Dunal (1852)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<paragraph id="753E45611A70287F49C13BF1CC0A7C60" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="A9847FE28505AB36A0F6F7C65F08E87D" author="Dunal, M-F" journalOrPublisher=") Prodromus systematis naturalis regni vegetabilis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 690" refId="B73" refString="Dunal, M-F, 1852. Solanaceae. In: Candolle AP de (Ed.) Prodromus systematis naturalis regni vegetabilis 13 (1): 1 - 690" title="Solanaceae. In: Candolle AP de (Ed." volume="13" year="1852">Dunal (1852)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
coined the replacement name
|
||||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="S." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. conanthum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="conanthum">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. conanthum</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B55EAB3E3204D0F3EDFA21EF670B4FFA" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. conanthum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="conanthum">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C38B91AFC0F64FCC2EE790BCFF330B99" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. conanthum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
for
|
||||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="S." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. calycinum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="calycinum">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. calycinum</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="457A9FB96540E20370C362F26C8F0221" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. calycinum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="calycinum">
|
||||
<emphasis id="AE06B777735976A05F0388DECEEB9000" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. calycinum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Nees citing "non Dunal" in reference to his own
|
||||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="S." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. calycinum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="calycinum">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. calycinum</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="FFABF89FE56F40573FE43C6987A895F9" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. calycinum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="calycinum">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7A7BA4386B4010593E24F69EEFD8FC09" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. calycinum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(=
|
||||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="S." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. macrocarpon" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="macrocarpon">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. macrocarpon</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="580BBE11A40FCA37686AEE2C4F857FAE" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. macrocarpon" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macrocarpon">
|
||||
<emphasis id="50DF15D10CC79B413206543E55E4A501" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. macrocarpon</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
L. of Africa, the Gboma eggplant, see
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03027161" author="Vorontsova, MS" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Botany Monographs" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 428" refId="B259" refString="Vorontsova, MS, Knapp, S, 2016. A revision of the "spiny solanums," Solanum subgenus Leptostemonum (Solanaceae), in Africa and Madagascar. Systematic Botany Monographs 99: 1 - 428, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03027161" title="A revision of the " spiny solanums, " Solanum subgenus Leptostemonum (Solanaceae), in Africa and Madagascar." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03027161" volume="99" year="2016">Vorontsova and Knapp 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="15F1F08C8D1BDEA47F7AAB1BB298FC01" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03027161" author="Vorontsova, MS" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Botany Monographs" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 428" refId="B259" refString="Vorontsova, MS, Knapp, S, 2016. A revision of the "spiny solanums," Solanum subgenus Leptostemonum (Solanaceae), in Africa and Madagascar. Systematic Botany Monographs 99: 1 - 428, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03027161" title="A revision of the " spiny solanums, " Solanum subgenus Leptostemonum (Solanaceae), in Africa and Madagascar." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03027161" volume="99" year="2016">Vorontsova and Knapp 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
) that is a later homonym of Nees van
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Esenbeck’s">Esenbeck's</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="F30AD754BE4ED85A03D902ACD5047796" originalValue="Esenbeck’s">Esenbeck's</normalizedToken>
|
||||
name.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">See Suppl. materials 1-3.</paragraph>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="1766E2BDB23786E87643D914B5A7663C" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph id="E0EED582D96D5E34D108C4BA95D4868C" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="3B42F8529EDDA33DA298C5262688D099" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">See Suppl. materials 1-3.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
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