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<mods:title id="1694650ED7EB74A31898250E73D67BD3">A revision of the " spiny solanums " of Tropical Asia (Solanum, the Leptostemonum Clade, Solanaceae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart>Aubriot, Xavier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Universite Paris-Saclay, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Ecologie Systematique et Evolution, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France & The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, UK</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="CA140227D4EB36FAF9164D7959809FCC">Aubriot, Xavier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="5811FF6A7CE268DB8D2943CAB85D3D9A">Universite Paris-Saclay, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Ecologie Systematique et Evolution, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France & The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, UK</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:number>198</mods:number>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:CEC8DDEDF2ED429FB3A6DB566DD7ECFE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/CEC8DDEDF2ED429FB3A6DB566DD7ECFE" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<treatment id="CEC8DDEDF2ED429FB3A6DB566DD7ECFE" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195723677" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:CEC8DDEDF2ED429FB3A6DB566DD7ECFE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/CEC8DDEDF2ED429FB3A6DB566DD7ECFE" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" scope_family="Solanaceae">
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40.
|
||||
<taxonomicName authority="F. Muell., Descr. Notes Papuan Pl. 1: 44. 1876." authorityName="F. Muell., Descr. Notes Papuan Pl. 1: 44. 1876." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum schefferi" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="schefferi">Solanum schefferi F.Muell., Descr. Notes Papuan Pl. 1: 44. 1876.</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="097797CB48CB9D67920A0F257895E522" ID-CoL="4Y467" authority="F. Muell., Descr. Notes Papuan Pl. 1: 44. 1876." authorityName="F. Muell., Descr. Notes Papuan Pl. 1: 44. 1876." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum schefferi" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="schefferi">Solanum schefferi F.Muell., Descr. Notes Papuan Pl. 1: 44. 1876.</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 67" captionStartId="F67" captionText="Figure 67. Solanum schefferi F. Muell. Herbarium specimen collected the Philippines in 1927 (Ramos & Edano 49324, P 00379535). Photograph credit: CC-BY, Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.198.79514.figure67" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/689760" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fig. 67</figureCitation>
|
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<subSubSection id="6261F6F6E99C3B407DB44BCA4A6A66A0" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
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<paragraph id="DEC6D2F2E67980D3928D2774F1075017" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
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<figureCitation id="7143141F117CFADC9C5C3872711840A5" captionStart="Figure 67" captionStartId="F67" captionText="Figure 67. Solanum schefferi F. Muell. Herbarium specimen collected the Philippines in 1927 (Ramos & Edano 49324, P 00379535). Photograph credit: CC-BY, Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.198.79514.figure67" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/689760" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fig. 67</figureCitation>
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||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum incanum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="incanum">Solanum incanum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C6F6EE11034A8B5CB0036F27BDBE6652" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
|
||||
<paragraph id="55D3EE7EC1ABE8261E999DF5134BF038" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="989A7E4BDB59E3CAC3EF84008D472D11" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum incanum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="incanum">Solanum incanum</taxonomicName>
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Scheff., Ann. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg 1: 39. 1876, nom. illeg., non
|
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum incanum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="incanum">Solanum incanum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F46CA8636AE15097B93A2D29B0624DC1" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum incanum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="incanum">Solanum incanum</taxonomicName>
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L., 1753. Type. Indonesia. West Papua: Andai (
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Andaj”">"Andaj"</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="949E54D5CF73C515F5E10D1F3B45B32C" originalValue="“Andaj”">"Andaj"</normalizedToken>
|
||||
), sin. dat.,
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G. Teijsmann s.n.</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="5058542AE96C9F4BE83CAF889B74D28D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G. Teijsmann s.n.</emphasis>
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||||
(lectotype, designated here: BO [acc. # 1324395]; isolectotype: BO [acc. # 1323468]).
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||||
</paragraph>
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||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum lianoides" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lianoides">Solanum lianoides</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<paragraph id="EF2C277DEDF9B3BEB5578C6D561BC827" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B083E60F7910C51CD371C41A770A899B" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum lianoides" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lianoides">Solanum lianoides</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Elmer, Leaflets Philipp. Bot. 2: 733. 1910. Type. Philippines. MIMAROPA: Luzon, Romblon Province, Sibuyan Island, May 1910,
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A.D.E. Elmer 10752</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="4B4D22EA72230D169D166CD766B24415" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A.D.E. Elmer 10752</emphasis>
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(lectotype, designated here: BM [BM000778113]; isolectotypes: A [00077845], BISH [BISH1005079], CAL [acc. # 316476], E [E00273864], F [v0073460F, acc. # 290900], G [G00442946], GH [GH00077844], HBG [HBG511454], K [K000196018], LE [LE00016968, LE00016969], MO [MO-503846, acc. # 3783069], NY [00172284], US [00027651, acc. # 779390]).
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||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum smilacocladum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="smilacocladum">Solanum smilacocladum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<paragraph id="4ED74BCCB84D6C2B291782731E7D9631" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="69BC5504C1A3CCF206743D2B5E346882" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum smilacocladum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="smilacocladum">Solanum smilacocladum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Bitter, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 55: 79. 1919. Type. Indonesia. Sulawesi: [Sulawesi Utara] "Celebes (Minahassa): Bojong, N. Celebes", 1888,
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">O. Warburg 15072</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="495CB1A6824502906B23436E3C9F3CFD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">O. Warburg 15072</emphasis>
|
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(lectotype, designated here: NY [00804057]).
|
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</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<typeStatus>Type</typeStatus>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="A993ECE07C9913DD65E967013803B5AC" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph id="6764C8C1739596957732F2A8AE418736" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<typeStatus id="6F454EB9EDC9AF888541D934D9C3C4D4">Type</typeStatus>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<paragraph id="2BFE7482ED251F8BA1F7409CDD26610A" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
Based on (replacement name for)
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum incanum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="incanum">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum incanum</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="FD780E488A3BDFA80B2AC29BE49C3E32" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum incanum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="incanum">
|
||||
<emphasis id="D7A14F70DD5BCD668E83755296DB4E95" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum incanum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Scheff., non L.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
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<subSubSection id="1976EF0F1ACE31EC731BB0D997F6FDB0" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
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||||
<paragraph id="D7D164ADCFB6F3F192A0A7042EF8D29A" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="E7A8FDADFF3869D459835A638621949A" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
Scrambling shrubs or woody lianas to 10 m long, armed. Stems flexuous, terete, moderately prickly and sparsely to densely stellate-pubescent; prickles 2-4 mm long, 2-2.5 mm wide at the base, strongly recurved (hooked), pale yellowish tan; pubescence of stalked porrect-stellate trichomes, the stalks to 0.5 mm long, multiseriate, the rays 4-8, 0.2-0.4 mm long, the midpoints absent or slightly longer than the rays; new growth moderately to densely stellate-pubescent, the trichomes sessile to short-stalked, the stalks 0.2-0.4 mm, the rays 4-8, 0.2-0.5 mm long, the midpoints ca. 0.4 mm long, equal to the rays; bark of older stems reddish brown and somewhat shiny. Sympodial units unifoliate, the leaves not geminate. Leaves simple, not lobed, the blades 2.5-15 cm long, 1.5-7.5 cm wide, ca. 2 times longer than wide, elliptic-ovate to ovate, widest in the middle or the lower third, chartaceous, somewhat discolorous, armed or unarmed; adaxial surface evenly and sparsely to densely pubescent with mixed sessile and short-stalked porrect-stellate trichomes, the multiseriate stalks to 0.2 mm long and conical, the rays 4-6, 0.1-0.2 mm long, sometimes ascending (pointing upwards from the stalk), the midpoints absent or very short; abaxial surface moderately to densely pubescent with mixed stalked and sessile porrect-stellate trichomes like the adaxial surface, but the pubescence denser, especially along the principal veins; major veins 4-6 pairs, impressed above, densely pubescent especially abaxially; base acute, usually strongly oblique; margins entire; apex acute; petioles 1-1.2 cm long, 1/10-1/5 as long as the leaf blades, densely pubescent with porrect-stellate trichomes like those of the stems, unarmed or armed with 0-5 hooked prickles. Inflorescences 3-10 cm long, internodal and lateral, unbranched or more commonly many times branched, with (2-)10-40 flowers, only a few flowers open at any one time, pubescent with porrect-stellate trichomes like those of the stems, occasionally with a few minute hooked prickles in larger inflorescences; peduncle 0.5-3 cm long; pedicels 0.8-1 cm long, ca. 1 mm in diameter at the base, ca. 1.5 mm in diameter at the apex, spreading, sparsely to moderately stellate-pubescent with porrect-stellate trichomes like the inflorescence axes, articulated above the base leaving a small peg on the inflorescence axis, the pegs 0.5-1 mm long, more glabrous than either the pedicels or the inflorescence axis, drying dark brown to black; pedicel scars irregularly spaced 1-3 mm apart, often raised as short pegs ca. 1 mm long. Buds stout and strongly tapering, strongly exserted from the calyx before anthesis. Flowers 5-merous, heterostylous with the distal flowers on each inflorescence branch short-styled and the plants weakly andromonoecious. Calyx with the tube 2.5-3 mm long, conical, in bud a hyaline cup with darker acumens from the rim, tearing irregularly at anthesis, the lobes 1-2 mm long including the acumens, ca. 1 mm wide, deltate with a subulate tip to 1 mm long, sparsely to moderately stellate-pubescent with porrect-stellate trichomes like those of the pedicels, unarmed. Corolla 2-3 cm in diameter, violet to dark purple, deeply stellate, lobed nearly to the base, interpetalar tissue scarce, but the petal margins thin and somewhat
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“ruffly”">"ruffly"</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="0FCF30FB4AB4606819644B285EA23D5E" originalValue="“ruffly”">"ruffly"</normalizedToken>
|
||||
, the lobes 10-14 mm long, 3.5-5 mm wide, spreading at anthesis, mostly glabrous adaxially but in more pubescent individuals with porrect-stellate trichomes on the petal surface, densely stellate-pubescent abaxially with densely tangled stalked porrect-stellate trichomes where exposed in bud, the trichomes with 5-8 rays ca. 0.5 mm long and midpoints equal to the rays, sometimes tinged with purple, the petal margins and tips densely papillate, the tips cucullate. Stamens equal or very slightly unequal; anthers 6-8 mm long, ca. 1.5 mm wide in the lower third, strongly tapering, yellow, poricidal at the tips, the pores directed distally, not elongating to slits with drying; filament tube minute, glabrous; free portion of the filaments ca. 0.5 mm long, glabrous. Ovary conical, sparsely pubescent with simple glandular trichomes and papillae; style in long-styled flowers 9-10 mm long, strongly hooked at the tip, minutely glandular papillate in the lower 1/4, otherwise glabrous, in short-styled flowers ca. 1 mm long, straight, glabrous; stigma slightly lobed, borne on the inner surface of the hooked style tip, the surfaces minutely papillose. Fruit a globose or ovoid berry, 2-3 cm long, ca. 3 cm in diameter (fide
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Symon, DE" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Adelaide Botanic Gardens" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 171" refId="B239" refString="Symon, DE, 1985. The Solanaceae of New Guinea. Journal of the Adelaide Botanic Gardens 8: 1 - 171" title="The Solanaceae of New Guinea." volume="8" year="1985">Symon 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="411C1D1D255F4EF58A7CDF52DE5CF53D" author="Symon, DE" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Adelaide Botanic Gardens" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 171" refId="B239" refString="Symon, DE, 1985. The Solanaceae of New Guinea. Journal of the Adelaide Botanic Gardens 8: 1 - 171" title="The Solanaceae of New Guinea." volume="8" year="1985">Symon 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 145; 3-5 cm long fide
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Elmer, ADE" journalOrPublisher="Leaflets of Philippine Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="729 - 734" refId="B77" refString="Elmer, ADE, 1910. The genus Solanum from Mt. Apo. Leaflets of Philippine Botany 2: 729 - 734" title="The genus Solanum from Mt. Apo." volume="2" year="1910">Elmer 1910</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="8BE556EF9549D24A6E6818C22D3BC605" author="Elmer, ADE" journalOrPublisher="Leaflets of Philippine Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="729 - 734" refId="B77" refString="Elmer, ADE, 1910. The genus Solanum from Mt. Apo. Leaflets of Philippine Botany 2: 729 - 734" title="The genus Solanum from Mt. Apo." volume="2" year="1910">Elmer 1910</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 734), green, the pericarp leathery and shiny, glabrous; fruiting pedicels 1.8-3 cm long, ca. 1 mm in diameter at the base, tapering to an apex ca. 3 mm in diameter, woody, spreading or pendent from weight of berries; fruiting calyx slightly accrescent, the lobes ca. 5 mm long, ca. 2 mm wide, spreading. Seeds more than 100 per berry, ca. 2 mm long, ca. 1.5 mm wide, reddish brown or tan, the surfaces very minutely pitted or smooth, the testal cells not visible. Chromosome number: not known.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.198.79514.figure67" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/689760" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 67" startId="F67">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 67.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum schefferi" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="schefferi">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum schefferi</emphasis>
|
||||
<caption id="0B8372980555E3EA2EA6B0363BFCEA6B" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.198.79514.figure67" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/689760" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 67" startId="F67">
|
||||
<paragraph id="DD4322CCDC49E8D69D3A17D95567350F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<emphasis id="27B44C99C2E4D98530A12DE6D78CF681" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 67.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="E3F0CA5ADC1206F8494116181EF77380" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum schefferi" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="schefferi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="832FD56F7C6B33522B10EA6080A16C31" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum schefferi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
F.Muell. Herbarium specimen collected the Philippines in 1927 (
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<emphasis id="29C06D592D4C6B415D84BF330FF99696" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
Ramos &
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Edaño">Edano</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="90A6F560532D5FC6E94FFF83E551636D" originalValue="Edaño">Edano</normalizedToken>
|
||||
49324
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
, P00379535). Photograph credit: CC-BY,
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Muséum">Museum</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="3F1BC8D4474F6C31558AF7F22CC3256E" originalValue="Muséum">Museum</normalizedToken>
|
||||
national
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="d’Histoire">d'Histoire</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="1AC42B32DA59CD08464512DCE6C8B03F" originalValue="d’Histoire">d'Histoire</normalizedToken>
|
||||
naturelle, Paris.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.198.79514.figure68" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/689761" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 68" startId="F68">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 68.</emphasis>
|
||||
<caption id="3AE71A1AD096E6E0454A819B6C1C5CCC" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.198.79514.figure68" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/689761" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 68" startId="F68">
|
||||
<paragraph id="17AFB4B9B7D64C7C2035C1F6EDE5FAC1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<emphasis id="D16B9C1C5C5235DC3E4F2F624BAA0B26" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 68.</emphasis>
|
||||
Distribution of
|
||||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="S." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. schefferi." order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="schefferi.">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. schefferi.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C347DCABE1CB1B0DF9A8CDAE4F00E2B0" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. schefferi." order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="schefferi.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="8430234F980E5983CD98FF72A1157F3F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. schefferi.</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="FA3AEC403263E772351905A192F33EC0" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph id="3EA769014F630EDD5316C1568616F356" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="34247CA6D7019EF7E742787C208136DB" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<emphasis id="6E9FBC7C4552BCC82573DC0AA00A3E6B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
(Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 68" captionStartId="F68" captionText="Figure 68. Distribution of S. schefferi." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.198.79514.figure68" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/689761" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">68</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="E4B4BCDAF718D21D736C73240BE9301A" captionStart="Figure 68" captionStartId="F68" captionText="Figure 68. Distribution of S. schefferi." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.198.79514.figure68" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/689761" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">68</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum schefferi" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="schefferi">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum schefferi</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="FEED50FABBFEADCD05EA2C625810C35B" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum schefferi" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="schefferi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="8222785220167EAC9CBE8FAC975EE309" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum schefferi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
occurs from the Philippines to northern New Guinea and the Solomon Islands (Malaita Island) to northern Sulawesi and the Malakus in Indonesia.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="ecology">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ecology and habitat.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum schefferi" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="schefferi">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum schefferi</emphasis>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="DEA9ADA6712B24C4FB80FBED4DE24D8B" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="ecology">
|
||||
<paragraph id="2EDF28FE8C9E04DFE18408A6A5525F44" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ecology and habitat.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="22972075ECFCB742659D535081A14061" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="5B04FE2DDE8170FDFFB450A5BEE8E432" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum schefferi" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="schefferi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A6BF8A23DC9A4DDD36A6BE74311B66C6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum schefferi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
has been collected growing in open areas near abandoned fields or at forest edges from approximately sea level to 1,500 m elevation. It appears to grow on limestone, a soil type unusual for
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="360B3FF2305C03C1D102E780CA5C5704" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="2957C7E53E611159ACAFE883C4298F28" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="common names and uses">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Common names and uses.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">None recorded.</paragraph>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="E23DF5A133AFAD14BD18D90693E16F10" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="common names and uses">
|
||||
<paragraph id="B563955DA692E8E09602128A13482648" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Common names and uses.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="0DE3F987B62ED20B4F42021D183E76DE" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">None recorded.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="preliminary conservation status">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Preliminary conservation status</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="AEF9833FBA415BBDB932E79E69E60762" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="preliminary conservation status">
|
||||
<paragraph id="D947BA6B254B92BD3FF65DB5E6ECFB3E" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Preliminary conservation status</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="59EF509D6996415632F7E7D414F11881" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<emphasis id="2C35F2BFCE5E726BA85173E213061091" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Hutchings, A" journalOrPublisher="AGRIVITA Journal of Agricultural Science" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" publicationUrl="http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf" refId="B105" refString="2019. . http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf" url="http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf" year="2019">IUCN 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="C2CE0F3E2DDF3DA8EB075E4C6AA8B3D2" author="Hutchings, A" journalOrPublisher="AGRIVITA Journal of Agricultural Science" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" publicationUrl="http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf" refId="B105" refString="2019. . http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf" url="http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf" year="2019">IUCN 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
Least Concern (LC). EOO (1,012,899 km2, LC); AOO (32 km2, EN). In the area of tropical Asia treated here
|
||||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="S." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. schefferi" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="schefferi">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. schefferi</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="D40269236F2F52DE181B5AF4BCF2F8E8" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. schefferi" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="schefferi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BB63FAB42454C522A426CF9E7DF5FABC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. schefferi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is at the northwestern part of its range; it is more widely distributed on New Guinea. The small AOO is common in vines of forest canopies, these types of plants are notoriously under-collected but are also often rare where they occur.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Discussion.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum schefferi" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="schefferi">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum schefferi</emphasis>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="F25E58A56DB12245847807692D252EDE" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph id="3F9256488CFDA99BB4C4515B35921429" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Discussion.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="88E7B4B0E411989EDE8D35374F08026B" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="5BFE95C1ED9965A30843F26C38064A24" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum schefferi" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="schefferi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A47D06900DAE8B6FA646BC5C8D17000C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum schefferi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is a species with most of its distribution on the island of New Guinea, but several collections are from the Malaku islands and northern Sulawesi.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Symon, DE" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Adelaide Botanic Gardens" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 171" refId="B239" refString="Symon, DE, 1985. The Solanaceae of New Guinea. Journal of the Adelaide Botanic Gardens 8: 1 - 171" title="The Solanaceae of New Guinea." volume="8" year="1985">Symon (1985)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="88E1BB4D63197FC52D517EE22F6B7362" author="Symon, DE" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Adelaide Botanic Gardens" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 171" refId="B239" refString="Symon, DE, 1985. The Solanaceae of New Guinea. Journal of the Adelaide Botanic Gardens 8: 1 - 171" title="The Solanaceae of New Guinea." volume="8" year="1985">Symon (1985)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
suggested this distribution and its distinct differences from other New Guinea species suggested it was an introduction from the Americas. Molecular phylogenetic study, however, shows that
|
||||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="S." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. schefferi" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="schefferi">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. schefferi</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="FEACE0CC07646EC6129BF87D343A6E43" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. schefferi" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="schefferi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="47B8B71794DCF4B2C2C088037170C2DB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. schefferi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is clearly a member of the Eastern Hemisphere clade of spiny solanums (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/boj.12412" author="Aubriot, X" journalOrPublisher="Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="199 - 223" refId="B8" refString="Aubriot, X, Singh, P, Knapp, S, 2016a. Tropical Asian species show the Old World clade of "spiny solanums" (subgenus Leptostemonum pro parte: Solanaceae) is not monophyletic. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 181 (2): 199 - 223, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/boj.12412" title="Tropical Asian species show the Old World clade of " spiny solanums " (subgenus Leptostemonum pro parte: Solanaceae) is not monophyletic." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/boj.12412" volume="181" year="2016 a">Aubriot et al. 2016a</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="D96B2A751B3214664764CFE198759EC1" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/boj.12412" author="Aubriot, X" journalOrPublisher="Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="199 - 223" refId="B8" refString="Aubriot, X, Singh, P, Knapp, S, 2016a. Tropical Asian species show the Old World clade of "spiny solanums" (subgenus Leptostemonum pro parte: Solanaceae) is not monophyletic. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 181 (2): 199 - 223, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/boj.12412" title="Tropical Asian species show the Old World clade of " spiny solanums " (subgenus Leptostemonum pro parte: Solanaceae) is not monophyletic." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/boj.12412" volume="181" year="2016 a">Aubriot et al. 2016a</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
) and is member of a small monophyletic group containing
|
||||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="S." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. athenae" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="athenae">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. athenae</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="BC323D0B9A4630D28E1091FEA08EB7C1" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. athenae" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="athenae">
|
||||
<emphasis id="E3AE0C2E997EE64B59DFE88937BAEE6B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. athenae</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Symon and
|
||||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="S." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. leptacanthum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="leptacanthum">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. leptacanthum</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="0204911246D3B2F7C9D99A623B9B0E7F" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. leptacanthum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="leptacanthum">
|
||||
<emphasis id="E2157C163EE705B5450508A4041B80D3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. leptacanthum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Merr. & L.M.Perry, both New Guinea endemics (but see below).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum schefferi" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="schefferi">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum schefferi</emphasis>
|
||||
<paragraph id="7E3F42DA07BA3B858B693D1CE48B1869" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2B2CD87CDA60DDE859CD46681FF09BC7" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum schefferi" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="schefferi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B1938A7B35F4B804CFBDDE21670DB0FA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum schefferi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is a striking species with large, showy (fide
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Brass 24330</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="80D9CC086E34EF75287798507019D480" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Brass 24330</emphasis>
|
||||
) flowers and large fruits. The plants climb with their hooked prickles (like rose thorns) and unlike many other species of New Guinean spiny solanums, the prickles on all parts are hooked. The berries are ovoid when young and grow to a considerable size (fide
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Elmer, ADE" journalOrPublisher="Leaflets of Philippine Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="729 - 734" refId="B77" refString="Elmer, ADE, 1910. The genus Solanum from Mt. Apo. Leaflets of Philippine Botany 2: 729 - 734" title="The genus Solanum from Mt. Apo." volume="2" year="1910">Elmer 1910</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="1C0E9FA87291B0E018D416455384219D" author="Elmer, ADE" journalOrPublisher="Leaflets of Philippine Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="729 - 734" refId="B77" refString="Elmer, ADE, 1910. The genus Solanum from Mt. Apo. Leaflets of Philippine Botany 2: 729 - 734" title="The genus Solanum from Mt. Apo." volume="2" year="1910">Elmer 1910</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 734;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Symon, DE" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Adelaide Botanic Gardens" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 171" refId="B239" refString="Symon, DE, 1985. The Solanaceae of New Guinea. Journal of the Adelaide Botanic Gardens 8: 1 - 171" title="The Solanaceae of New Guinea." volume="8" year="1985">Symon 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="30A08919BAE05360A466B1B00CA33C9A" author="Symon, DE" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Adelaide Botanic Gardens" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 171" refId="B239" refString="Symon, DE, 1985. The Solanaceae of New Guinea. Journal of the Adelaide Botanic Gardens 8: 1 - 171" title="The Solanaceae of New Guinea." volume="8" year="1985">Symon 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 145); smaller berries appear to be globose, elongating to ovoid with maturity.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum lianoides" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lianoides">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum lianoides</emphasis>
|
||||
<paragraph id="1A4D8D63902DC7CFC9EE6950BAC3FC39" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="E693F1E73E5EC0B0961FB3E3C16AE6F9" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum lianoides" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lianoides">
|
||||
<emphasis id="8062BCF53433146C0070CB2C2D2B638B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum lianoides</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
has not previously be considered a synonym of
|
||||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="S." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. schefferi" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="schefferi">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. schefferi</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="58C1B1ED64F6EFE0E9E4437A5C1A945C" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. schefferi" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="schefferi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="598423B1D46854B0CF9E93E85A4C92DC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. schefferi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Symon, DE" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Adelaide Botanic Gardens" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 171" refId="B239" refString="Symon, DE, 1985. The Solanaceae of New Guinea. Journal of the Adelaide Botanic Gardens 8: 1 - 171" title="The Solanaceae of New Guinea." volume="8" year="1985">Symon 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="3196018C19F360B9F659CF84728EAFA2" author="Symon, DE" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Adelaide Botanic Gardens" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 171" refId="B239" refString="Symon, DE, 1985. The Solanaceae of New Guinea. Journal of the Adelaide Botanic Gardens 8: 1 - 171" title="The Solanaceae of New Guinea." volume="8" year="1985">Symon 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
), but examination of the pubescence and flowers leads us to consider them as belonging to the same taxon. Molecular results of
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/boj.12412" author="Aubriot, X" journalOrPublisher="Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="199 - 223" refId="B8" refString="Aubriot, X, Singh, P, Knapp, S, 2016a. Tropical Asian species show the Old World clade of "spiny solanums" (subgenus Leptostemonum pro parte: Solanaceae) is not monophyletic. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 181 (2): 199 - 223, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/boj.12412" title="Tropical Asian species show the Old World clade of " spiny solanums " (subgenus Leptostemonum pro parte: Solanaceae) is not monophyletic." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/boj.12412" volume="181" year="2016 a">Aubriot et al. (2016a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="723A8566E7E4410FFD3E4DED21F62622" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/boj.12412" author="Aubriot, X" journalOrPublisher="Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="199 - 223" refId="B8" refString="Aubriot, X, Singh, P, Knapp, S, 2016a. Tropical Asian species show the Old World clade of "spiny solanums" (subgenus Leptostemonum pro parte: Solanaceae) is not monophyletic. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 181 (2): 199 - 223, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/boj.12412" title="Tropical Asian species show the Old World clade of " spiny solanums " (subgenus Leptostemonum pro parte: Solanaceae) is not monophyletic." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/boj.12412" volume="181" year="2016 a">Aubriot et al. (2016a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
place
|
||||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="S." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. lianoides" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="lianoides">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. lianoides</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="D352C151991A66A7F94FD929847E0103" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. lianoides" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lianoides">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8C2F9F4AA2646259DA2F78DF7D14105" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. lianoides</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
in the larger Sahul-Pacific clade and forming a group with
|
||||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="S." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. dunalianum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="dunalianum">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. dunalianum</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="113C9D279AD500F7845A15E82D945B61" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. dunalianum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dunalianum">
|
||||
<emphasis id="D34491C4E51B31C27FD04CA7A1B61818" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. dunalianum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="S." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. graciliflorum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="graciliflorum">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. graciliflorum</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4ABF2A01C01D7AE8C5274EFE653CBC10" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. graciliflorum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="graciliflorum">
|
||||
<emphasis id="9A2D2965E76167727EB8EA41CC65F308" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. graciliflorum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, not closely related to
|
||||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="S." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. schefferi." order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="schefferi.">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. schefferi.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="BA0806EEBD0E4092B32952F5B6FB81E5" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. schefferi." order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="schefferi.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="FF789FCB178121FC1B79F3075362ADBD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. schefferi.</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
These results remain to be revisited to ascertain if contamination of one or other of these samples influenced the results. It is clear, however, that
|
||||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="S." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. schefferi" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="schefferi">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. schefferi</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="32E05E13FC303DA6DA0ADE2E2A1F8EB0" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. schefferi" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="schefferi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="118C17CF1615DA3DE14A4182B675A583" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. schefferi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is native to tropical Asia, and is not an introduction from the Americas.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<paragraph id="19EF295F9C1668A575D83A66529930AF" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
The protologue of
|
||||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="S." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. lianoides" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="lianoides">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. lianoides</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="D3CDD0DE3430092D0F12CC29DA6E864A" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. lianoides" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lianoides">
|
||||
<emphasis id="9EAB4A243C04ED365B46A576EDE75115" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. lianoides</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
cites a single collection (
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Elmer 10752</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="FD5DDCCDB98B7272C4C6119562AD6775" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Elmer 10752</emphasis>
|
||||
) but does not mention a herbarium (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Elmer, ADE" journalOrPublisher="Leaflets of Philippine Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="729 - 734" refId="B77" refString="Elmer, ADE, 1910. The genus Solanum from Mt. Apo. Leaflets of Philippine Botany 2: 729 - 734" title="The genus Solanum from Mt. Apo." volume="2" year="1910">Elmer 1910</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="96C8EDE46C68F3CF364FA8C174648C05" author="Elmer, ADE" journalOrPublisher="Leaflets of Philippine Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="729 - 734" refId="B77" refString="Elmer, ADE, 1910. The genus Solanum from Mt. Apo. Leaflets of Philippine Botany 2: 729 - 734" title="The genus Solanum from Mt. Apo." volume="2" year="1910">Elmer 1910</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). We have selected the only one of the many duplicates of this collection we have seen that has both flowers and fruits (BM000778113) as the lectotype for this name.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<paragraph id="4985FC228D3013596F0BB4D36A074498" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
In coining the replacement name
|
||||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="S." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. smilacocladum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="smilacocladum">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. smilacocladum</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="6B7B462B67D13A6E3C792BE400155BCD" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. smilacocladum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="smilacocladum">
|
||||
<emphasis id="D6CAF073CCC3EFA87B34D617FC5DD47F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. smilacocladum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Bitter, G" journalOrPublisher="Austrobaileya" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B18" refString="Bitter, G, 1919. Die papuasischen Arten von Solanum. Botanische Jahrbuecher fuer Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie 55: 59-112." title="Die papuasischen Arten von Solanum. Botanische Jahrbuecher fuer Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie 55: 59 - 112." year="1919">Bitter (1919)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="E086E80229C662A134C548186C1849A4" author="Bitter, G" journalOrPublisher="Austrobaileya" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B18" refString="Bitter, G, 1919. Die papuasischen Arten von Solanum. Botanische Jahrbuecher fuer Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie 55: 59-112." title="Die papuasischen Arten von Solanum. Botanische Jahrbuecher fuer Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie 55: 59 - 112." year="1919">Bitter (1919)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
cited the same sheets in BO as those used by Scheffer in his description of "
|
||||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="S." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. incanum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="incanum">S. incanum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="AD0D9D39B477A6DF80ED3BDA9830F896" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. incanum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="incanum">S. incanum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
" ("Herb. Buitenzorg 9853! Sub nom.
|
||||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="S." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. incanum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="incanum">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. incanum</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="BD9EC946593B41E23EEB95A177A9B6AB" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. incanum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="incanum">
|
||||
<emphasis id="8B8E66962A77C285624B1E8FF5EAC977" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. incanum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Scheff."), as well as additional syntypes from Berlin (
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Schlechter 17627</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="E4FB527AEEF2174CE1FB16E7F57394F0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Schlechter 17627</emphasis>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Warburg 15072</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="E5330C65BA88FABA3C1019A8E2F2C428" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Warburg 15072</emphasis>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Warburg 21246</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="B76E6280F3A2CAF2618C06FB19BCF139" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Warburg 21246</emphasis>
|
||||
) and Bogor (
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Koorders 18033B</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2045186B34F5F51ED74E624373F3DAD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Koorders 18033B</emphasis>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Koorders 18046B</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="36644336D66A2E93E796CBA5F9FA20DB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Koorders 18046B</emphasis>
|
||||
). We have lectotypified
|
||||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="S." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. smilacocladum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="smilacocladum">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. smilacocladum</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="1CAC731922D3DC7A139C936969AB19BF" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. smilacocladum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="smilacocladum">
|
||||
<emphasis id="D246AEDE52F9EB98D666E5367069244F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. smilacocladum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
with
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Warburg 15072</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="38BF4BA2ABE628535901B3F7BF856867" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Warburg 15072</emphasis>
|
||||
from northern Sulawesi (NY 00804057), to not make the name homotypic with
|
||||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="S." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. schefferi." order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="schefferi.">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. schefferi.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="04E7E7D8538868D7E05D14033620E4BB" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. schefferi." order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="schefferi.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="639C8FE959BD11CC30FBC61DE425642F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. schefferi.</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">See Suppl. materials 1-3.</paragraph>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="9C8D3EAC7966817F14EFC3521331AF9C" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph id="23D5B1B87528974EAC50249FD5F87157" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="2D1FA3E3174C0997DE5A4CA2A2A1FAFD" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">See Suppl. materials 1-3.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
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