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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.905.39592" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ee5a0817-7cfc-4c21-ba7d-3beabb06cccd" ID-PMC="PMC7004242" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-905-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="4C7E0CB428DF56BDB15B7AC8D6707961" ID-PubMed="32063726" ID-ZooBank="F4C766E4633A41039FFDE952718F41FB" ModsDocID="1313-2970-905-1" checkinTime="1579539902851" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Salata, Sebastian &amp; Fisher, Brian L." docDate="2020" docId="0DB9D9DEDB5E95524E16FC16A562C797" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 905: 1-235" docOrigin="ZooKeys 905" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.905.39592" docTitle="Pheidole rugofitarata Salata &amp; Fisher 2020, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="273DEBF3-9074-43F2-BE54-06465A5D17E3" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" id="4C7E0CB428DF56BDB15B7AC8D6707961" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="4C7E0CB428DF56BDB15B7AC8D6707961" masterDocTitle="Pheidole Westwood, 1839 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) of Madagascar - an introduction and a taxonomic revision of eleven species groups" masterLastPageNumber="235" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1668168337901" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Pheidole Westwood, 1839 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) of Madagascar - an introduction and a taxonomic revision of eleven species groups</mods:title>
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<mods:title id="4F74282802B4EA81823C321A643F891F">Pheidole Westwood, 1839 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) of Madagascar - an introduction and a taxonomic revision of eleven species groups</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart>Salata, Sebastian</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart>Fisher, Brian L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number>905</mods:number>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="161776998" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:273DEBF3-9074-43F2-BE54-06465A5D17E3" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0DB9D9DEDB5E95524E16FC16A562C797" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/273DEBF3-9074-43F2-BE54-06465A5D17E3" authority="Salata &amp; Fisher, 2020" authorityName="Salata &amp; Fisher" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole rugofitarata" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rugofitarata" status="sp. nov.">Pheidole rugofitarata</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="1">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 47" captionStartId="F47" captionText="Figure 47. Pheidole rugofitarata sp. nov., dorsal view (A), profile (B), and full-face view (C) of holotype major worker (CASENT 0078206)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure47" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373094" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figs 47A-C</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 85" captionStartId="F85" captionText="Figure 85. Hypostomal teeth. Pheidole madinika sp. nov. (A). P. mahaboensis sp. nov. (B). P. maizina sp. nov. (C). P. makaensis sp. nov. (D). P. makirovana sp. nov. (E). P. manantenensis sp. nov. (F). P. mantadia sp. nov. (G). P. marieannae sp. nov. (H). P. masoala sp. nov. (I). P. mavesatra sp. nov. (J). P. miramila sp. nov. (K). P. moramanaensis sp. nov. (L). P. navoatrensis sp. nov. (M). P. nemoralis Forel (N). P. ocypodea sp. nov. (O). P. parviocula sp. nov. (P). P. petax Forel (Q). P. podargea sp. nov. (R). P. praegrandis sp. nov. (S). P. ranohirensis sp. nov. (T). P. rugocephala sp. nov. (U). P. rugofitarata sp. nov. (V). P. scabrata Forel (W). P. typhlos sp. nov. (X). P. vatovavensis sp. nov. (Y). P. voasara sp. nov. (Z). P. vohemarensis sp. nov. (AA). P. zavamanira sp. nov. (AB)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure85" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373132" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 85V</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 88" captionStartId="F88" captionText="Figure 88. Distribution. Pheidole petax Forel (A). P. podargea sp. nov. (B). P. praegrandis sp. nov. (C). P. ranohirensis sp. nov. (D). P. rugocephala sp. nov. (E). P. rugofitarata sp. nov. (F). P. scabrata Forel (G). P. typhlos sp. nov. (H). P. vatovavensis sp. nov. (I). P. voasara sp. nov. (J). P. vohemarensis sp. nov. (K). P. zavamanira sp. nov. (L)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure88" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373135" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 88F</figureCitation>
<treatment id="0DB9D9DEDB5E95524E16FC16A562C797" ID-GBIF-Taxon="161776998" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:273DEBF3-9074-43F2-BE54-06465A5D17E3" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0DB9D9DEDB5E95524E16FC16A562C797" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" scope_family="Formicidae" scope_order="Hymenoptera">
<subSubSection id="BBE637CADC581A936E02112056F4B361" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="CD7A4E0386964A87ED082F09D7363CA1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="5B9E4A90DFEFAE09EADD7AC4175D1037" ID-CoL="CMLV5" LSID="http://zoobank.org/273DEBF3-9074-43F2-BE54-06465A5D17E3" authority="Salata &amp; Fisher, 2020" authorityName="Salata &amp; Fisher" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole rugofitarata" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rugofitarata" status="sp. nov.">Pheidole rugofitarata</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C370E77F3650FCE9715DEE33576B1461" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<figureCitation id="8C0E61F86DF76A54F0AB5975F4567078" captionStart="Figure 47" captionStartId="F47" captionText="Figure 47. Pheidole rugofitarata sp. nov., dorsal view (A), profile (B), and full-face view (C) of holotype major worker (CASENT 0078206)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure47" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373094" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figs 47A-C</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="32FC85CD5EF0280D391125874323A47F" captionStart="Figure 85" captionStartId="F85" captionText="Figure 85. Hypostomal teeth. Pheidole madinika sp. nov. (A). P. mahaboensis sp. nov. (B). P. maizina sp. nov. (C). P. makaensis sp. nov. (D). P. makirovana sp. nov. (E). P. manantenensis sp. nov. (F). P. mantadia sp. nov. (G). P. marieannae sp. nov. (H). P. masoala sp. nov. (I). P. mavesatra sp. nov. (J). P. miramila sp. nov. (K). P. moramanaensis sp. nov. (L). P. navoatrensis sp. nov. (M). P. nemoralis Forel (N). P. ocypodea sp. nov. (O). P. parviocula sp. nov. (P). P. petax Forel (Q). P. podargea sp. nov. (R). P. praegrandis sp. nov. (S). P. ranohirensis sp. nov. (T). P. rugocephala sp. nov. (U). P. rugofitarata sp. nov. (V). P. scabrata Forel (W). P. typhlos sp. nov. (X). P. vatovavensis sp. nov. (Y). P. voasara sp. nov. (Z). P. vohemarensis sp. nov. (AA). P. zavamanira sp. nov. (AB)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure85" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373132" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 85V</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="2E94A7203F29F1873DEFDA0D7A32B2DF" captionStart="Figure 88" captionStartId="F88" captionText="Figure 88. Distribution. Pheidole petax Forel (A). P. podargea sp. nov. (B). P. praegrandis sp. nov. (C). P. ranohirensis sp. nov. (D). P. rugocephala sp. nov. (E). P. rugofitarata sp. nov. (F). P. scabrata Forel (G). P. typhlos sp. nov. (H). P. vatovavensis sp. nov. (I). P. voasara sp. nov. (J). P. vohemarensis sp. nov. (K). P. zavamanira sp. nov. (L)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure88" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373135" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 88F</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="type material">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type material.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Holotype</emphasis>
<subSubSection id="7CD88E152105B1C253B0BF69336B2725" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="type material">
<paragraph id="C42ACD078ACE9E19FFD78E3061AF9159" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type material.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EB027602180986F867CFD11B285A16B3" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="9111BBBB8E7D7F9DA00BDE3D7AC5D273" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="D4C4A5716B232B70E17E5B9368138300" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Holotype</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Madagascar. •1 major worker; Mahajanga; Parc National Tsingy de Bemaraha, 2.5 km 62°ENE Bekopaka, Ankidrodroa River;
<geoCoordinate degrees="19.13222" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-19.13222">-19.13222</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="9E941B214D2881C9035B63E3189A732A" degrees="19.13222" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-19.13222">-19.13222</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="44.81467" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="44.81467">44.81467</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="67F0B8821ABD0101C8FA856F5879E506" degrees="44.81467" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="44.81467">44.81467</geoCoordinate>
; alt. 100 m; 11 Nov 2001; Fisher et al. leg.; BLF04341, CASENT0078206 (CASC).
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Paratype</emphasis>
<emphasis id="0853A45950CB6D138D38724CB9F8CCA2" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="839C35DF199FFFB59B46D2F11BDB2001" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Paratype</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Madagascar. •1s.; same data as for holotype; CASENT0078208 (CASC).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Other material.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<subSubSection id="1933C81E0EDBE5E71FE7E4B90071040A" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="C76DA877839CC981F17BB97B1E4655E2" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Other material.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4C5B255D57FC1990F4DD7F7D22628978" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Madagascar. -
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Mahajanga</emphasis>
<emphasis id="D573D6FF6DDA9CF6BA945752A645B85C" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Mahajanga</emphasis>
: •2s.;
<normalizedToken originalValue="Forêt">Foret</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="AC67BB0BE2290BF203D968BEED09BD5F" originalValue="Forêt">Foret</normalizedToken>
Ambohimanga, 26.1 km 314° Mampikony;
<geoCoordinate degrees="15.96267" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-15.96267">-15.96267</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="10D48CE10E4DF3830441708A139D1DEE" degrees="15.96267" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-15.96267">-15.96267</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="47.43817" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="47.43817">47.43817</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="74D9217FD69F5A94F958A3A8CDA97951" degrees="47.43817" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="47.43817">47.43817</geoCoordinate>
; alt. 250 m; 13 Dec 2004; Fisher et al. leg.; CASENT0054800, CASENT0055004 (CASC). •2s.;
<normalizedToken originalValue="Forêt">Foret</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="417DD3AB0873359150CAFBD3CD2F66DA" originalValue="Forêt">Foret</normalizedToken>
de Tsimembo, 11.0 km 346°NNW Soatana;
<geoCoordinate degrees="18.99528" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-18.99528">-18.99528</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="228F1C505276908C793628E3858C4707" degrees="18.99528" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-18.99528">-18.99528</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="44.4435" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="44.4435">44.4435</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="A4463658CDCD9B96CE2DB2DDE84C4D17" degrees="44.4435" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="44.4435">44.4435</geoCoordinate>
; alt. 50 m; 21 Nov 2001; Fisher et al. leg.; CASENT0483554, CASENT0483640 (CASC). •1s.; Parc National
<normalizedToken originalValue="d’Ankarafantsika">d'Ankarafantsika</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="6EB54A4D8B16DACE132C97FC2E8910B2" originalValue="d’Ankarafantsika">d'Ankarafantsika</normalizedToken>
, Ampijoroa Station
<normalizedToken originalValue="Forestière">Forestiere</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="2AFFDAF5389C1AEB1A2DCCB4CDA490A6" originalValue="Forestière">Forestiere</normalizedToken>
, 5.4 km 331°NW Andranofasika;
<geoCoordinate degrees="16.29889" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-16.29889">-16.29889</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="A089DCFE0978DFFE26D2FD2CF03CBCE1" degrees="16.29889" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-16.29889">-16.29889</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="46.813" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="46.813">46.813</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="48B18B60C8BAA1F0C8B321F38451D129" degrees="46.813" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="46.813">46.813</geoCoordinate>
; alt. 70 m; 26 Mar 2001; Fisher et al. leg.; CASENT0468979 (CASC). •3s.; Parc National
<normalizedToken originalValue="d’Ankarafantsika">d'Ankarafantsika</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="E15CB9F3BA89A08E36A320CA08819D7F" originalValue="d’Ankarafantsika">d'Ankarafantsika</normalizedToken>
,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Forêt">Foret</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="52462E8F0A9AF454C7C6EB8B674062DC" originalValue="Forêt">Foret</normalizedToken>
de Tsimaloto, 18.3 km 46°NE de Tsaramandroso;
<geoCoordinate degrees="16.22806" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-16.22806">-16.22806</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="440FDBB3B2BA0BF950937D4CA19CA3FF" degrees="16.22806" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-16.22806">-16.22806</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="47.14361" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="47.14361">47.14361</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="C6896C2B6FFB1CAB8A0A46BA17360C80" degrees="47.14361" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="47.14361">47.14361</geoCoordinate>
; alt. 135 m; 2 Apr 2001; Fisher et al. leg.; CASENT0431979, CASENT0432158, CASENT0432186 (CASC). •1s.; Parc National de Baie de Baly, 12.4 km 337°NNW Soalala; -16.01, 45.265; alt. 10 m; 26 Nov 2002; Fisher et al. leg.; CASENT0025410 (CASC). •5s.; Parc National de Namoroka, 16.9 km 317°NW Vilanandro; -16.40667, 45.31; alt. 100 m; 12 Nov 2002; Fisher et al. leg.; CASENT0038862, CASENT0023652, CASENT0023665, CASENT0023667, CASENT0493106 (CASC). •2s.; Parc National de Namoroka, 9.8 km 300°WNW Vilanandro; -16.46667, 45.35; alt. 140 m; 4 Nov 2002; Fisher et al. leg.; CASENT0032768, CASENT0492055 (CASC). •4s.; Parc National Tsingy de Bemaraha, 3.4 km 93°E Bekopaka, Tombeau Vazimba;
<geoCoordinate degrees="19.14194" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-19.14194">-19.14194</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="C9BAF6180E2EF338F4D93FC1E30B7DDC" degrees="19.14194" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-19.14194">-19.14194</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="44.828" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="44.828">44.828</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="6FE9610CDF126FE8E24BB654CC59F230" degrees="44.828" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="44.828">44.828</geoCoordinate>
; alt. 50 m; 6 Nov 2001; Fisher et al. leg.; CASENT0078127, CASENT0477444, CASENT0477453, CASENT0477482 (CASC). •4s.;
<normalizedToken originalValue="Réserve">Reserve</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="d’Ankoririka">d'Ankoririka</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="B2ED7A6E43B421963B6F43C896B5ACAC" originalValue="Réserve">Reserve</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="70D4E5C9947DFAAD7FA3F57DD6E85134" originalValue="d’Ankoririka">d'Ankoririka</normalizedToken>
, 10.6 km 13°NE de Tsaramandroso;
<geoCoordinate degrees="16.26722" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-16.26722">-16.26722</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="70682F55392C02B4315EA0C5EED8E51C" degrees="16.26722" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-16.26722">-16.26722</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="47.04861" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="47.04861">47.04861</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="0D225C10BB98CF7214AAC85387DD431C" degrees="47.04861" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="47.04861">47.04861</geoCoordinate>
; alt. 210 m; 9 Apr 2001; Fisher et al. leg.; CASENT0471030, CASENT0471209, CASENT0484762 (CASC).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Major workers</emphasis>
<subSubSection id="02547278794035E15FF3790B83C44C99" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="540A9602F618260BBF165EA84E9B63C8" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1614507B1C5F7A9E6FCFAF0F74EF885A" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="E750F005026648D8C3CFEE05871DC20A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="D0F4FDE375380C348C7E2174C8E78F0A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Major workers</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Head in full-face view elongated; sides of the head with moderately dense, long, erect pilosity; occipital lobes indistinctly foveolate, with thick, sparse, short, transverse, and sometimes arcuate rugae; inner hypostomal teeth distinct, high, closely spaced, triangular, with rounded apex; outer hypostomal teeth wider and higher than inner hypostomal teeth, lobe-like.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Major workers.</emphasis>
<subSubSection id="00BDE619C6476A3F49BAE80585EDE265" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph id="5E1C92D877243E6C08951AF1ABA4C815" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5376146EFFA7AFA98A4DB467093C922D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="74CB199A5533CE9E5FE8D2FA644DC3A6" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Major workers.</emphasis>
Measurements (
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N</emphasis>
<emphasis id="C552CF714BE860E2032579F9E74026B3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N</emphasis>
= 10): HL: 1.29-1.41 (1.36); HW: 1.05-1.17 (1.12); SL: 0.48-0.53 (0.5); EL: 0.14-0.17 (0.15); WL: 0.95-1.02 (0.99); PSL: 0.17-0.21 (0.18); MTL: 0.54-0.57 (0.55); PNW: 0.58-0.68 (0.62); PTW: 0.14-0.17 (0.16); PPW: 0.38-0.47 (0.43); CI: 81.2-85.8 (82.9); SI: 41.8-49.0 (44.3); PSLI: 12.2-15.2 (13.5); PPI: 34.0-42.1 (37.3); PNI: 53.1-59.0 (55.3); MTI: 46.9 -52.5 (49.1).
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Head</emphasis>
<emphasis id="3DE1BB4564EC0A9499BB1DAA4CB19DB4" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="DE2D442A1F37FD1BFC1321B99164471C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Head</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
In full-face view longitudinal, longer than wide, anterior of eyes straight, posterior of eyes slightly convex, occipital margin of lobes straight, inclining toward centre (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 47" captionStartId="F47" captionText="Figure 47. Pheidole rugofitarata sp. nov., dorsal view (A), profile (B), and full-face view (C) of holotype major worker (CASENT 0078206)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure47" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373094" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">47C</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="033AED116A6CAEFBCCEF2F65E46B7DE9" captionStart="Figure 47" captionStartId="F47" captionText="Figure 47. Pheidole rugofitarata sp. nov., dorsal view (A), profile (B), and full-face view (C) of holotype major worker (CASENT 0078206)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure47" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373094" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">47C</figureCitation>
). In lateral view sub-oval; ventral and dorsal faces convex; dorsal face not depressed posteriorly; inner hypostomal teeth visible. Sides of the head with moderately dense, long, erect pilosity; whole head with moderately dense, long, suberect to erect pilosity. Antennal scrobes indistinct and not delimited by carinulae; scrobe surface shiny, with moderately dense, longitudinal rugae, interspaces superficially foveolate. Occipital lobes shiny, indistinctly foveolate, with thick, sparse, short, transverse and sometimes arcuate rugae; frons with moderately dense, thick, longitudinal rugae, interspaces smooth and indistinctly foveolate on the posterior part; genae shiny, with dense, thin, longitudinal rugulae and smooth notch in the centre; malar area with thick, longitudinal, moderately sparse rugae, interspaces smooth. Centre of clypeus shiny and smooth, lateral sides with longitudinal rugae; median notch present, wide and shallow; median longitudinal carina absent; lateral longitudinal carinae absent. Scape, when laid back, not reaching the midlength of head; pilosity suberect to erect (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 47" captionStartId="F47" captionText="Figure 47. Pheidole rugofitarata sp. nov., dorsal view (A), profile (B), and full-face view (C) of holotype major worker (CASENT 0078206)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure47" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373094" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">47B, C</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="F586B3976DBEE60CEBB1B03203A1198C" captionStart="Figure 47" captionStartId="F47" captionText="Figure 47. Pheidole rugofitarata sp. nov., dorsal view (A), profile (B), and full-face view (C) of holotype major worker (CASENT 0078206)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure47" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373094" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">47B, C</figureCitation>
). Inner hypostomal teeth distinct, high, closely spaced, triangular, with rounded apex; outer hypostomal teeth wider and higher than inner hypostomal teeth, lobe-like (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 85" captionStartId="F85" captionText="Figure 85. Hypostomal teeth. Pheidole madinika sp. nov. (A). P. mahaboensis sp. nov. (B). P. maizina sp. nov. (C). P. makaensis sp. nov. (D). P. makirovana sp. nov. (E). P. manantenensis sp. nov. (F). P. mantadia sp. nov. (G). P. marieannae sp. nov. (H). P. masoala sp. nov. (I). P. mavesatra sp. nov. (J). P. miramila sp. nov. (K). P. moramanaensis sp. nov. (L). P. navoatrensis sp. nov. (M). P. nemoralis Forel (N). P. ocypodea sp. nov. (O). P. parviocula sp. nov. (P). P. petax Forel (Q). P. podargea sp. nov. (R). P. praegrandis sp. nov. (S). P. ranohirensis sp. nov. (T). P. rugocephala sp. nov. (U). P. rugofitarata sp. nov. (V). P. scabrata Forel (W). P. typhlos sp. nov. (X). P. vatovavensis sp. nov. (Y). P. voasara sp. nov. (Z). P. vohemarensis sp. nov. (AA). P. zavamanira sp. nov. (AB)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure85" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373132" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">85V</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="A1C9A2FE6EEA8A6F4F37C92D30A7114F" captionStart="Figure 85" captionStartId="F85" captionText="Figure 85. Hypostomal teeth. Pheidole madinika sp. nov. (A). P. mahaboensis sp. nov. (B). P. maizina sp. nov. (C). P. makaensis sp. nov. (D). P. makirovana sp. nov. (E). P. manantenensis sp. nov. (F). P. mantadia sp. nov. (G). P. marieannae sp. nov. (H). P. masoala sp. nov. (I). P. mavesatra sp. nov. (J). P. miramila sp. nov. (K). P. moramanaensis sp. nov. (L). P. navoatrensis sp. nov. (M). P. nemoralis Forel (N). P. ocypodea sp. nov. (O). P. parviocula sp. nov. (P). P. petax Forel (Q). P. podargea sp. nov. (R). P. praegrandis sp. nov. (S). P. ranohirensis sp. nov. (T). P. rugocephala sp. nov. (U). P. rugofitarata sp. nov. (V). P. scabrata Forel (W). P. typhlos sp. nov. (X). P. vatovavensis sp. nov. (Y). P. voasara sp. nov. (Z). P. vohemarensis sp. nov. (AA). P. zavamanira sp. nov. (AB)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure85" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373132" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">85V</figureCitation>
).
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Mesosoma</emphasis>
<emphasis id="37566DF047B94E246374EA0A70EF50A2" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="F774CCF882A13211584C62A8D98F1ADC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Mesosoma</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
In lateral view, promesonotum relatively low and arched, posterior mesonotum relatively steep, with tubercle-like projections; promesonotal groove absent; metanotal groove indistinct; propodeal spines moderately long, triangular, with sharp apex and wide base; humeral area laterally weakly produced (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 47" captionStartId="F47" captionText="Figure 47. Pheidole rugofitarata sp. nov., dorsal view (A), profile (B), and full-face view (C) of holotype major worker (CASENT 0078206)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure47" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373094" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">47B</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="D93572E6E97156D26C4778C33DE7D650" captionStart="Figure 47" captionStartId="F47" captionText="Figure 47. Pheidole rugofitarata sp. nov., dorsal view (A), profile (B), and full-face view (C) of holotype major worker (CASENT 0078206)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure47" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373094" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">47B</figureCitation>
). Surface finely foveolate with additional irregular, thin, and sparse rugoreticulation; dorsal surface of promesonotum with fading foveolae and thin, sparse, and transverse rugulae; katepisternum with reduced sculpture. Pilosity moderately dense, very long and erect (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 47" captionStartId="F47" captionText="Figure 47. Pheidole rugofitarata sp. nov., dorsal view (A), profile (B), and full-face view (C) of holotype major worker (CASENT 0078206)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure47" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373094" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">47A, B</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="C5B7A3700B1E54BC222D26DEB65677D0" captionStart="Figure 47" captionStartId="F47" captionText="Figure 47. Pheidole rugofitarata sp. nov., dorsal view (A), profile (B), and full-face view (C) of holotype major worker (CASENT 0078206)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure47" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373094" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">47A, B</figureCitation>
).
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Petiole</emphasis>
<emphasis id="18BCDBD7001F8BD97CA704B21A8010FC" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="C20F88637EF079C6CF5ED8A8B8EB34E6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Petiole</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Shiny; peduncle moderately long, finely foveolate, with indistinct horizontal lobes on its basal part; node smooth, relatively high, triangular, with rounded apex, in rear view node slightly convex; pilosity long and erect (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 47" captionStartId="F47" captionText="Figure 47. Pheidole rugofitarata sp. nov., dorsal view (A), profile (B), and full-face view (C) of holotype major worker (CASENT 0078206)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure47" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373094" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">47A, B</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="DC2D74EF24A928C27149F92B4BF30001" captionStart="Figure 47" captionStartId="F47" captionText="Figure 47. Pheidole rugofitarata sp. nov., dorsal view (A), profile (B), and full-face view (C) of holotype major worker (CASENT 0078206)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure47" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373094" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">47A, B</figureCitation>
).
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Postpetiole</emphasis>
<emphasis id="CD1C81DFAFBD3858A026F3D86A509156" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="0E632A44CD50D55F313AE7DC77C3AC77" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Postpetiole</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Shiny and finely shagreened, dorsum with fading sculpture; in dorsal view sides with moderately short, acute, and triangular projections; pilosity long and erect (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 47" captionStartId="F47" captionText="Figure 47. Pheidole rugofitarata sp. nov., dorsal view (A), profile (B), and full-face view (C) of holotype major worker (CASENT 0078206)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure47" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373094" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">47A, B</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="899992F303BD345A3FDFA00A68920CAF" captionStart="Figure 47" captionStartId="F47" captionText="Figure 47. Pheidole rugofitarata sp. nov., dorsal view (A), profile (B), and full-face view (C) of holotype major worker (CASENT 0078206)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure47" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373094" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">47A, B</figureCitation>
).
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Petiole</emphasis>
<emphasis id="0EFE2DE33734C65CE68BC06380ECAB5C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="CC0778163F926DF6333B4A38976ADC85" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Petiole</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Shiny and finely shagreened; pilosity dense, long, and erect (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 47" captionStartId="F47" captionText="Figure 47. Pheidole rugofitarata sp. nov., dorsal view (A), profile (B), and full-face view (C) of holotype major worker (CASENT 0078206)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure47" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373094" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">47A, B</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="CFDCFBD108C96EEDF48051104830AE07" captionStart="Figure 47" captionStartId="F47" captionText="Figure 47. Pheidole rugofitarata sp. nov., dorsal view (A), profile (B), and full-face view (C) of holotype major worker (CASENT 0078206)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure47" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373094" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">47A, B</figureCitation>
).
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Colour</emphasis>
<emphasis id="9C288C02C18FB0A6B097F9F6F47C66F1" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="78CDA100AE25308A1440C5E5608C5DF3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Colour</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Reddish brown to brown, lateral sides of mesosoma and legs yellowish brown (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 47" captionStartId="F47" captionText="Figure 47. Pheidole rugofitarata sp. nov., dorsal view (A), profile (B), and full-face view (C) of holotype major worker (CASENT 0078206)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure47" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373094" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">47A, B</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="C139DA084F5C2EDF6B4DB769403E9EE7" captionStart="Figure 47" captionStartId="F47" captionText="Figure 47. Pheidole rugofitarata sp. nov., dorsal view (A), profile (B), and full-face view (C) of holotype major worker (CASENT 0078206)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure47" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373094" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">47A, B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure47" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373094" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 47" startId="F47">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 47.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Salata &amp; Fisher" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole rugofitarata" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rugofitarata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pheidole rugofitarata</emphasis>
<caption id="11EEA2CDD6FA974E1B0C96EBEC855F5B" doi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure47" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373094" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 47" startId="F47">
<paragraph id="AA94EA38B03DB5C2410B1ABE08CE00E1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="BA255FF687FAE51E5CF2B5B7FB57A248" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 47.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="7D2B343CAE3B9920B7169EC3E4F3BF1A" authorityName="Salata &amp; Fisher" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole rugofitarata" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rugofitarata">
<emphasis id="0138D885C43630A6C8343F6C01AF2242" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pheidole rugofitarata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov., dorsal view (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
<emphasis id="925DE0D94AF685E584F2CD215E67A6F6" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
), profile (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
<emphasis id="C3C1A8951BCC18445BFB25FD30065538" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
), and full-face view (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
<emphasis id="A0D119EDA350E1B8222BB02FC6FEF025" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
) of holotype major worker (CASENT0078206).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Minor workers.</emphasis>
<paragraph id="4C9537F90D16DF1567B16E5B0D1DAE74" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="F9EB197E288D63F6E3E68F95F35E8B52" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Minor workers.</emphasis>
Unknown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<subSubSection id="354A4DD6FB1645657AA6E4C9E8437AD5" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="41F5439F8C79E0DCC4DD5329E8BA423C" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="05290D69E79570E06DF1F850A180FEE3" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Similar to
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. fitarata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="fitarata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. fitarata</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="71E1475EEB014DA8A5020498C27D8033" lsidName="P. fitarata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="fitarata">
<emphasis id="FA1C7BC3E36E4DAE7BF9C446155727F2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. fitarata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but with more distinct head sculpture in major workers.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Biology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">The species was collected between 10-250 m in elevation, in rainforest and tropical dry forest. Nests were located in rotten logs.</paragraph>
<subSubSection id="C1370A7645EA231506D86E745766E118" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="4219773953D4061F56703A703EDC70D9" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Biology.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F6C13680574676018683FBD2BDEFCD6A" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">The species was collected between 10-250 m in elevation, in rainforest and tropical dry forest. Nests were located in rotten logs.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="comments">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Comments.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Major workers</emphasis>
<subSubSection id="1CAAABDA3CD42C6F178F99880635E9D6" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="comments">
<paragraph id="09A1A58E3998962230217B667A70ED03" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Comments.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E74D5D128CDC7DBFB7396A7C46A58B2B" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="317531C7D72EEC5F3EBC36628752B7D8" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="04A411294BD59FDDD297DB4470BD9A49" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Major workers</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Salata &amp; Fisher" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole rugofitarata" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rugofitarata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pheidole rugofitarata</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="FCF7B2187B0A145D00FBD894D2F68D06" authorityName="Salata &amp; Fisher" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole rugofitarata" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rugofitarata">
<emphasis id="AAEEFAD5FBB38476E592D3B545AC4F4F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pheidole rugofitarata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. is most similar to
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. fitarata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="fitarata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. fitarata</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="6AFD41EB289796A7042165C61C8E555A" lsidName="P. fitarata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="fitarata">
<emphasis id="1BF313922A7DB612A844D996C8298949" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. fitarata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. and differs from it in presence of distinct and never-interrupted longitudinal rugae on frons and antennal scrobes, rugae on frons connected with rugae on occipital lobes, never entirely smooth genae, and lobe-like outer hypostomal teeth.
</paragraph>