From 672a34e7d1edb60cab429b133b880138fae3ab55 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: ggserver Date: Tue, 30 Jul 2024 12:38:30 +0000 Subject: [PATCH] Add updates up until 2024-07-30 12:32:26 --- .../8E/03A18E2504130B3B3EC6FA5BA20313D9.xml | 1413 ++++++++++++++++ .../8E/03A18E25041B0B233E27FDA0A261167A.xml | 1463 +++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 2876 insertions(+) create mode 100644 data/03/A1/8E/03A18E2504130B3B3EC6FA5BA20313D9.xml create mode 100644 data/03/A1/8E/03A18E25041B0B233E27FDA0A261167A.xml diff --git a/data/03/A1/8E/03A18E2504130B3B3EC6FA5BA20313D9.xml b/data/03/A1/8E/03A18E2504130B3B3EC6FA5BA20313D9.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..8ed9a863c0a --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/A1/8E/03A18E2504130B3B3EC6FA5BA20313D9.xml @@ -0,0 +1,1413 @@ + + + +Integrative description of two new species of the genus Mesobiotus (Eutardigrada, Macrobiotoidea) from Russia, with an updated phylogeny of the genus + + + +Author + +Tumanov, Denis V. +49E22A70-C27B-485B-941E-577666EE65F9 +Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Faculty of Biology, Saint Petersburg State University, 199034, Universitetskaya nab. 7 / 9, Saint Petersburg, Russia. & Marine Research Laboratory, Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 199034, Universitetskaja nab. 1, Saint Petersburg, Russia. +d.tumanov@spbu.ru + + + +Author + +Androsova, Evgenia D. +73698C49-9E5B-48F0-A271-03886446FF08 +Soil Science & Soil Ecology Department, Institute of Earth Sciences, Saint Petersburg State University, 16 Linija, 29, Saint Petersburg, 199178, Russia. +eugenia.androsova@gmail.com + + + +Author + +Gavrilenko, Marina D. +63202CD2-E90E-482C-B2DF-92A354821CDE +Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Saint Petersburg State University, 199034, Universitetskaya nab. 7 / 9, Saint Petersburg, Russia. +md.gavrilenko7@gmail.com + + + +Author + +Kalimullin, Aidar A. +641F4F4E-D6FD-423B-B683-04ABDB4628F3 +Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Faculty of Biology, Far Eastern Federal University, 10 Ajax Bay, Russky Island, Vladivostok, 690922, Russia. +kalimullin.aa@students.dvfu.ru + +text + + +European Journal of Taxonomy + + +2024 + +2024-07-30 + + +947 + + +1 + + +20 +52 + + + + +https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2619/12017 + +journal article +10.5852/ejt.2024.947.2619 +2118-9773 +13134040 +5B9DA044-2842-456C-8339-2D097A24A662 + + + + + + +Mesobiotus efa + +sp. nov. + + + + +urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: +EA291ABA-E1E5-4571-90AE-53D6A0DF530C + + + + + +Figs 1–6 +; +Tables 2–3 + + + + + +Etymology + + + +Named after the children’s teaching laboratory in +St Petersburg +“Efa”. The studied material was collected during the field tip on the occasion of its anniversary. + + + + + +Material examined + + + + +Holotype + + + + +RUSSIA +• +♀ +; +Leningrad Oblast +, +Vsevolozhsky District +; a hill near the +Lembolovo +railway station, approx. +60.41612° N +, +30.34266° E +; + +10 Sep. 2020 + +; +E. Androsova +leg.; association of moss and lichen on soil; SPbU 275(72). + + + + +Paratypes + + + + +RUSSIA +• +30 ♀♀ +, +14 eggs +; same data as for holotype; SPbU 275(39, 47, 65–66, 68–72, 74–75, 77–80, 85–88, 104–106, 133–134, 136, 143, 147, 155, 182, 197, 207–208, 210–213) + +• + +1 adult +, +2 eggs +; same data as for holotype; +SEM +stub SPbU Tar_33 + +• + +2 adults +; same data as for holotype; ZM +FEFU +(slides 275(73), 275(76)) + +• + +2 eggs +; same data as for holotype; ZM +FEFU +(slides 275(67) and 275(180)) + +. + + + +Morphological description + + + +Adult animals + + +Body elongated ( +Fig. 1 +) (morphometrics in +Table 2 +, raw morphometric data are provided in the Supp. file 4). Fresh specimens uncolored or whitish with slightly greenish gut content, transparent after fixation in Hoyer’s medium. Black eyes present ( +Figs 1A +, +3A +, black arrowheads), often dissolving after slide mounting. Cuticle smooth in LM, with fine uniform sculpture consisting of minute conical granules with pointed apices visible under +SEM +only ( +Fig. 2A +). All legs with granulated areas consisted of small granules, poorly discernible or, sometimes, completely invisible in LM. Legs I–III with small granulated areas on the external surfaces, near the claw bases ( +Fig. 2B–C +), the internal leg surfaces without granulation, with distinct pulvinus. Legs IV with better-developed granulation mainly dorsally to the claws ( +Fig. 2D +) and around the claw bases ( +Fig. 4C–D +, white arrowhead). + + +Buccal-pharyngeal apparatus of + +Macrobiotus + +type +( +Fig. 3A +) with the ventral lamina and ten peribuccal lamellae. Oral cavity armature ( +OCA +) of + +harmsworthi + +type +(according to + +Kaczmarek +et al +. 2020 + +) with three bands of teeth visible in LM. Evident first (anterior) band consists of a wide band of numerous minute teeth visible as dots in LM ( +Fig. 3D, F–G +). Second band consists of a row of longitudinally elongated triangular teeth ( +Fig. 3D–G +). Third band comprises three dorsal and three ventral transverse ridges ( +Fig. 3D–G +). Medio-ventral ridge usually never divided into separate parts, only single specimen was found with detached lateral part of the medio-ventral ridge. Ventrally +OCA +with numerous additional teeth between the second and the third teeth bands ( +Fig. 3F–G +). Pharyngeal bulb with apophyses, three macroplacoids and a large microplacoid ( +Fig. 3B–C +). Macroplacoid length sequence is 2<3 ≤1. First macroplacoid is anteriorly narrowed, third macroplacoid with distinct subterminal constriction ( +Fig. 3B–C +). + + + +Fig. 1. + +Mesobiotus efa + +sp. nov. +, total view. +A +. Holotype, ♀ (SPbU 275(72)). Dorso-ventral view, black arrowheads indicate eyes, PhC. +B +. Paratype (SPbU Tar_33). Ventral view in SEM. Scale bars = 50 µm. + + + +Claws of + +Mesobiotus + +type +with minute stalk, distinct distal part of the basal portion, short common tract and developed internal septum, defining a distal part ( +Fig. 4A–C, E +). Primary and secondary branches diverge below the half of the claw height, main branches with well-developed accessory points ( +Fig. 4A, C–D +). Claws of fourth pair of legs slightly longer than claws of first three pairs of legs ( +Fig. 4C +). All claws with smooth lunules ( +Fig. 4 +). Anterior (internal) and posterior (external) claws of the legs IV are similar in shape ( +Fig. 4D +). Lunules on posterior claws distinctly larger than on anterior claws ( +Fig.4C–D +). Single continuous cuticular bars are present below claw bases of the first three pairs of legs ( +Fig. 4A–B +, black arrowhead) with poorly developed muscle attachment points below ( +Fig. 4B +). Claws of the legs IV are connected with a wide but poorly sclerified horseshoe-like structure, visible in PhC only ( +Fig. 4E +, black arrowhead). + + + +Fig. 2. + +Mesobiotus efa + +sp. nov. +, cuticular sculpture. +A–B, D +. Paratype (SPbU Tar_33). +C +. Paratype (SPbU 275(197)). +A +. High magnification of the sculpture of the dorsal body surface, SEM. +B +. Dot-like sculpture on the external surface of leg III, SEM. +C +. Dot-like sculpture on the external surface of leg III, PhC, black arrowhead indicates dots. +D +. Dot-like sculpture on the dorsal side of hind legs, SEM. Scale bars: A–B, D = 2 µm; C = 5 µm. + + + + +Fig. 3. + +Mesobiotus efa + +sp. nov. +,bucco-pharyngeal apparatus. +A +. Holotype (SPbU 275(72)). +B–G +. Paratype (SPbU 275(197)). +A +. Total dorso-ventral view of the bucco-pharyngeal apparatus, black arrowheads indicate eyes, PhC. +B–C +. Placoids, PhC (B) and DIC (C). +D–G +. Oral cavity armature (D–E = dorsal view, F–G = ventral view), PhC (D, F), DIC (E, G). Scale bars: A = 10 µm; B–G = 5 µm. + + + + +Table 2. +Summary of morphometric data for + +Mesobiotus efa + +sp. nov. +Measurements are given in µm, +pt +values in % (the +pt +index is the percentage ratio between the length of a structure and the length of the buccal tube). + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+CHARACTER + +N + +RANGE + +MEAN + +SD + +Holotype +
µm +pt +µm +pt +µm +pt +µm +pt +
Body length17238–430 +759 + +– + +1048 +321 +856 +51 +72 +430 +940 +
Buccopharyngeal tube
Buccal tube length2129.7–45.8–38.1 +– +4.5 +– +45.8 +– +
Stylet support insertion point2122.6–35.3 +74.0 + +– + +78.8 +29.3 +77.0 +3.5 +1.0 +35.3 +77.2 +
Buccal tube external width214.1–8.6 +12.1 + +– + +19.6 +5.6 +14.6 +1.0 +1.5 +6.7 +14.7 +
Buccal tube internal width213.1–7.6 +8.4 + +– + +17.2 +4.2 +10.9 +1.0 +1.6 +5.0 +10.9 +
Ventral lamina length1917.3–27.2 +56.6 + +– + +61.4 +22.4 +59.5 +2.9 +1.4 +27.2 +59.5 +
Placoid lengths
Macroplacoid 1212.3–6.5 +7.7 + +– + +15.6 +4.7 +12.1 +1.1 +1.9 +5.9 +12.9 +
Macroplacoid 2212.4–5.1 +7.9 + +– + +12.6 +3.8 +9.9 +0.7 +1.1 +4.7 +10.3 +
Macroplacoid 3212.7–6.5 +9.2 + +– + +14.2 +4.6 +11.9 +1.0 +1.4 +6.5 +14.1 +
Microplacoid211.6–4.9 +5.5 + +– + +11.2 +3.6 +9.4 +0.8 +1.6 +4.8 +10.5 +
Macroplacoid row219.3–18.6 +31.3 + +– + +45.3 +14.6 +38.2 +2.5 +3.4 +18.3 +40.0 +
Placoid row2112.5–24.0 +42.0 + +– + +56.9 +18.9 +49.4 +3.1 +3.6 +24.0 +52.5 +
Claw 1 lengths
External primary branch186.0–9.4 +17.6 + +– + +22.5 +7.5 +20.0 +1.0 +1.2 +? +? +
External secondary branch185.0–8.0 +13.3 + +– + +18.1 +6.1 +16.3 +0.8 +1.1 +? +? +
Internal primary branch215.7–9.1 +17.1 + +– + +21.0 +7.3 +19.1 +0.9 +0.9 +9.1 +19.9 +
Internal secondary branch214.3–8.1 +13.9 + +– + +17.6 +6.0 +15.7 +0.9 +1.0 +8.1 +17.6 +
Claw 2 lengths
External primary branch206.2–9.7 +19.1 + +– + +22.8 +7.9 +20.7 +1.0 +1.1 +9.7 +21.1 +
External secondary branch205.3–8.9 +15.1 + +– + +19.4 +6.5 +17.0 +0.9 +1.2 +8.9 +19.4 +
Internal primary branch205.7–9.1 +18.0 + +– + +21.8 +7.2 +19.0 +0.9 +0.9 +9.1 +19.8 +
Internal secondary branch204.5–7.8 +14.4 + +– + +18.1 +6.1 +16.0 +0.8 +1.2 +6.7 +14.6 +
Claw 3 lengths
External primary branch206.4–9.7 +19.3 + +– + +23.0 +7.9 +20.8 +1.0 +1.0 +9.7 +21.1 +
External secondary branch205.3–8.4 +14.9 + +– + +19.0 +6.3 +16.7 +0.8 +1.1 +7.8 +17.0 +
Internal primary branch205.8–9.1 +17.1 + +– + +21.3 +7.3 +19.2 +0.9 +1.0 +9.1 +19.8 +
Internal secondary branch204.7–7.9 +14.1 + +– + +17.8 +6.1 +16.1 +0.7 +0.9 +6.9 +15.2 +
Claw 4 lengths
Anterior primary branch196.6–10.8 +16.8 + +– + +27.5 +8.8 +23.3 +1.2 +2.4 +9.9 +21.6 +
Anterior secondary branch195.1–8.4 +16.3 + +– + +19.9 +7.0 +18.4 +0.9 +1.1 +7.5 +16.3 +
Posterior primary branch167.6–11.6 +22.4 + +– + +29.0 +9.5 +25.4 +1.2 +1.4 +? +? +
Posterior secondary branch155.4–8.0 +16.4 + +– + +20.1 +6.8 +18.2 +0.8 +1.0 +??
+ + +Eggs + + +One adult +female with mature oocites was islolated and cultivated for three days until the eggs were layed. After that the female was taken for the DNA extraction and gene sequencing (voucher slide SPbU 275(211)) while the layed eggs were taken for the morphological analysis using LM. + + +Eggs spherical, white, ornamented and laid freely ( +Figs 5A–C +, +6A +; morphometrics in +Table 3 +). Chorion with conical processes that can be attributed to the “cones with long slender endings and filaments” and “reticular design with “bubbles” morphotypes” (according to + +Kaczmarek +et al +. 2020 + +). Egg processes with wide bases and thinned and flexible apices usually well differentiated ( +Figs 5 +, +6A–B, D +). Processes (with the exception of the thinned apical parts) with bilayered walls, with a net of trabecular structures between the internal and external layers, forming irregular rounded meshes of different size, so the processes seem to be reticulated in LM ( +Fig. 5 +). Apical parts of the processes with bubble-like internal structure ( +Fig. 5 +), rarely bifurcating ( +Fig. 5A, F–G +, black arrowheads), usually with a tuft of very short (0.5–2,75 µm) apical and subapical filaments ( +Figs 5E, G–H +, +6D +, white arrowheads). Large pores (ca 1 µm in diameter), mostly indiscernible in LM and well-visible in +SEM +, are present on the basal part of all processes, forming a single row ( +Figs 5I +, black arrowhead, 6B–D, black arrowheads). Process bases with well-developed crone of dark thickenings, visible in LM ( +Fig. 5A–D, H +). Egg surface between the processes without areolation or pores but with a system of irregularly distributed wrinkles poorly discernible in LM as irregularly distributed granules and well-visible in +SEM +( +Figs 5D +, +6A–C +). + + + +Table 3. +Measurements (in μm) of selected morphological structures of eggs of + +Mesobiotus efa + +sp. nov. +Abbreviations: N = number of eggs/structures measured, range refers to the smallest and the largest structure among all measured specimens; SD = standard deviation). + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+CHARACTER + +N + +RANGE + +MEAN + +SD +
Egg bare diameter1067.5–69.168.31.1
Egg full diameter1097.3–104.1100.74.8
Process height3011.1–21.615.02.4
Process base width307.6–14.210.31.6
Process base/height ratio3049%–103%70%12%
Inter-process distance152.2–6.64.41.3
Number of processes on the egg circumference1012–1413.01.4
+ + + +Fig. 4. + +Mesobiotus efa + +sp. nov. +, claws. +A–B, E +. Holotype (SPbU 275(72)). +C +. Paratype (SPbU 275(197)). +D +. Paratype (SPbU Tar_33). +A +. Claws of leg I, black arrowhead indicates bar-like cuticular thickening, PhC. +B +. Claws of leg II, black arrowhead indicates bar-like cuticular thickening, PhC. +C +. Claws of leg IV, white arrowhead indicates cuticular sculpture around the claw base, PhC. +D +. Claws of leg IV, white arrowhead indicates cuticular sculpture around the claw base, SEM. +E +. Claws of leg IV, black arrowhead indicates horseshoe-like structure, PhC. Scale bars: A–C, E = 10 µm; D = 5 µm. + + + + +Fig. 5. + +Mesobiotus efa + +sp. nov. +, eggs. +A–E, H–I +. Paratype (SPbU 275(210)). +F–G +. Paratype (SPbU 275(180)). +A +. Total view of the optical section of the embryonated egg, PhC. +B +. Total view of the egg surface, PhC. +C +. Total view of the egg surface, DIC. +D +. Details of the egg surface, PhC. +E–H +. Egg processes, PhC. +I +. Optical section of the egg process, DIC. Black arrowheads indicate bifurcated tips, white arrowheads indicate terminal and subterminal filaments, black arrow indicates a pore. Scale bars: A–C = 20 µm; D–I = 10 µm. + + + + +Reproduction + + +No males were found. + + +Fig. 6. + +Mesobiotus efa + +sp. nov. +, paratype (SPbU Tar_33), eggs. +A +. Total view of the egg, SEM. +B–C +. Details of the egg surface, black arrowheads indicate pores on the egg processes, black arrow indicates wrinkles on the egg surface, SEM. +D +. Egg process, black arrowheads indicate pores, white arrowhead indicates terminal filaments, SEM. Scale bars: A = 20 µm; B = 5 µm; C–D = 2 µm. + + + + +DNA sequences + + + +Sequences for 18S rRNA marker were obtained from +four specimens +(accession numbers: OR804457– OR804460; voucher slides: SpbU 275(077, 104–106)). Sequences for 28S rRNA and COI markers were obtained from +five specimens +(accession numbers: OR805135–OR805139 and OR803035–OR803039 respectively; voucher slides SpbU 275(077, 104–106, 211). Sequences for ITS-2 marker were obtained from +three specimens +(accession numbers: OR805169–OR805171; voucher slides SpbU 275(077, 104, 211). Presence of two COI haplotypes was revealed. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/A1/8E/03A18E25041B0B233E27FDA0A261167A.xml b/data/03/A1/8E/03A18E25041B0B233E27FDA0A261167A.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..082d6f339b2 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/A1/8E/03A18E25041B0B233E27FDA0A261167A.xml @@ -0,0 +1,1463 @@ + + + +Integrative description of two new species of the genus Mesobiotus (Eutardigrada, Macrobiotoidea) from Russia, with an updated phylogeny of the genus + + + +Author + +Tumanov, Denis V. +49E22A70-C27B-485B-941E-577666EE65F9 +Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Faculty of Biology, Saint Petersburg State University, 199034, Universitetskaya nab. 7 / 9, Saint Petersburg, Russia. & Marine Research Laboratory, Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 199034, Universitetskaja nab. 1, Saint Petersburg, Russia. +d.tumanov@spbu.ru + + + +Author + +Androsova, Evgenia D. +73698C49-9E5B-48F0-A271-03886446FF08 +Soil Science & Soil Ecology Department, Institute of Earth Sciences, Saint Petersburg State University, 16 Linija, 29, Saint Petersburg, 199178, Russia. +eugenia.androsova@gmail.com + + + +Author + +Gavrilenko, Marina D. +63202CD2-E90E-482C-B2DF-92A354821CDE +Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Saint Petersburg State University, 199034, Universitetskaya nab. 7 / 9, Saint Petersburg, Russia. +md.gavrilenko7@gmail.com + + + +Author + +Kalimullin, Aidar A. +641F4F4E-D6FD-423B-B683-04ABDB4628F3 +Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Faculty of Biology, Far Eastern Federal University, 10 Ajax Bay, Russky Island, Vladivostok, 690922, Russia. +kalimullin.aa@students.dvfu.ru + +text + + +European Journal of Taxonomy + + +2024 + +2024-07-30 + + +947 + + +1 + + +20 +52 + + + + +https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2619/12017 + +journal article +10.5852/ejt.2024.947.2619 +2118-9773 +13134040 +5B9DA044-2842-456C-8339-2D097A24A662 + + + + + + +Mesobiotus vulpinus + +sp. nov. + + + + +urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: +CC615859-F0A0-49F4-A035-28889F370283 + + + + + +Figs 7–13 +; +Tables 4–5 + + + + + +Etymology + + + +Named after the latin name ( + +Vulpes vulpes + +) of the most famous animal inhabiting Russkij Island – the common fox. + + + + + +Material examined + + + + +Holotype + + + + +RUSSIA +• +♀ +; +Primorsky Krai +, +Vladivostok +, +Russkij Island +, road to the +Kruglaja Bay +; +43.01386° N +, +131.78838° E +; + +3 Feb. 2023 + +; +A. Kalimullin +leg.; moss on tree trunk; SPbU 320(10). + + + + +Paratypes + + + + +RUSSIA +• +8 ♀♀ +, +4 eggs +; same data as for holotype; SPbU 320(2–9, 11, 13–15) + +• + +2 adult +, +2 eggs +; same data as for holotype; +SEM +stub SPbU Tar_65 + +• + +1 adult +; same data as for holotype; ZM +FEFU +(slide 320(1)) + +• + +1 egg +; same data as for holotype; ZM +FEFU +(slide 320(12)) + +. + + + +Morphological description + + + +Adult animals + + +Body elongated ( +Fig. 7 +) (morphometrics in +Table 4 +, raw morphometric data are provided in the Supp. file 5). Fresh specimens uncolored or whitish with slightly greenish gut content, transparent after fixation in Hoyer’s medium. Black eyes present, often dissolving after slide mounting. Cuticle smooth in LM, with fine uniform sculpture consisting of minute conical granules with pointed apices visible under +SEM +only ( +Fig. 8A +). All legs with granulated areas consisted of small granules, usually well visible in LM. Legs I–III with small granulated areas on the external surfaces, near the claw bases ( +Fig. 8B– C +, black arrowhead), the internal leg surfaces without granulation, with indistinctly demarcated large pulvinus, visible in +SEM +only ( +Fig. 10A +, white arrowhead). Legs IV with better-developed granulation mainly dorsally to the claws ( +Fig. 8D–E +, white arrowhead) and around the claw bases ( +Fig. 10E, H +, black arrowheads). + + +Buccal-pharyngeal apparatus of + +Macrobiotus + +type +( +Fig. 9A +) with the ventral lamina and ten peribuccal lamellae ( +Fig. 8F +). Oral cavity armature ( +OCA +) of + +harmsworthi + +type +(according to + +Kaczmarek +et al +. 2020 + +) with three bands of teeth visible in LM. Evident first (anterior) band consists of a wide band of numerous minute teeth visible as dots in LM ( +Figs 8F +, white arrow, 9E, G). Second band consists of a row of longitudinally elongated triangular teeth ( +Fig. 9D–H +). Third band comprises three dorsal and three ventral transverse ridges ( +Figs 8F +white arrowhead, 9D–H). Medio-ventral ridge often divided in two or three separate teeth ( +Fig. 9H +). Latero-ventral ridges often with strong indentations ( +Fig. 9G +), sometimes almost fragmented to separate teeth. Rare additional teeth are present ventrally, between the second and the third teeth bands ( +Fig. 9F–H +). Pharyngeal bulb with apophyses, three macroplacoids and a large microplacoid ( +Fig. 9B–C +). Macroplacoid length sequence is 2<3 ≤1. First macroplacoid is anteriorly narrowed, third macroplacoid with poorly developed subterminal constriction ( +Fig. 9B–C +). + + +Claws of + +Mesobiotus + +type +with minute stalk, distinct distal part of the basal portion, short common tract and developed internal septum, defining a distal part ( +Fig. 10B, D–E +). Primary and secondary branches diverge below the half of the claw height, main branches with well-developed accessory points ( +Fig. 10B–F +). Claws of fourth pair of legs slightly longer than claws of first three pairs of legs ( +Fig. 10E +). All claws with smooth lunules ( +Fig. 10B–C, E, G +). Anterior (internal) and posterior (external) claws of the legs IV are similar in shape ( +Fig. 10E +). Single continuous cuticular bars of characteristic shape (two wide short bars connected by thin angular strip) are present below claw bases of the first three pairs of legs ( +Fig. 10B, D +, black arrowhead) with poorly developed muscle attachment points below ( +Fig. 10B, D +). Claws of the legs IV are connected with a poorly sclerified horseshoe-like structure, visible in PhC only ( +Fig. 10H +, white arrowhead). + + +Eggs + + +No eggs with developed embryos were found, but taking into account that + +M. vulpinus + +sp. nov. +was the only tardigrade species present in the sample we believe that the adult specimens and the eggs belong to the same species. + + +Eggs spherical, white, ornamented and laid freely ( +Figs 11A +, +12A, C +; morphometrics in +Table 5 +). Chorion with conical processes that can be attributed to the “sharp narrow cones” and “reticular design with “bubbles” morphotypes” (according to + +Kaczmarek +et al +. 2020 + +). Egg processes in form of elongated cones with poorly differentiated basal and apical parts ( +Figs 11B, E–F +, +12–13 +). Processes (with the exception of the elongated apical parts) with bilayered walls, with a net of trabecular structures between the internal and external layers, forming irregular rounded meshes of different size, so the processes seem to be reticulated in LM ( +Fig. 11 +). Apical parts of the processes with bubble-like internal structure ( +Fig. 11F +), rarely bifurcating ( +Figs 11E +, +13A +). Processes surface bears annulations, visible in +SEM +only ( +Figs 12B, D +, +13 +). Rare large pores (1.4–2.3 µm in diameter), poorly discernible in LM and well-visible in +SEM +, are present on the basal part of all processes, below the half of the process height, forming a single row ( +Figs 11H +, white arrowheads, 12, 13, white arrowheads), Second row of distinctly smaller and more numerous pores is located in the most basal part of each process ( +Fig. 13 +, black arrowheads). Process bases with poorly developed, sometimes almost invisible crone of dark thickenings ( +Fig. 11C, E–F +). Egg surface between the processes with distinct polygonal relief consisted of ridges forming hexagonal (rarely pentagonal) cells around each process ( +Figs 11C–D +, +12 +). Points of ridges intersection bears small bulbous processes ( +Figs 11B +, +12B, D +, +13B +). Both ridges and bulbous processes with internal trabecular structures, similar to the main processes walls. Egg surface between the processes bases and the ridges of polygonal relief with a system of smaller radial ridges and pores discernible both in LM and +SEM +( +Figs 11C–D +, +12B, D +, +13 +). + + + +Fig. 7. + +Mesobiotus vulpinus + +sp. nov. +, total view. +A +. Paratype, ♀ (SPbU 420(1)). Dorso-ventral view, PhC. +B +. Paratype (SPbU Tar_65). Ventro-lateral view in SEM. Scale bars = 50 µm. + + + + +Fig. 8. + +Mesobiotus vulpinus + +sp. nov. +, cuticular sculpture and oral cavity armature (OCA). +A–B, E–F +. Paratype (SPbU Tar_33). +C–D +. Holotype (SPbU 320(10)). +A +. High magnification of the sculpture of the dorsal body surface, SEM. +B +. Dot-like sculpture on the external surface of leg III, SEM. +C +. Dotlike sculpture on the external surface of leg III, PhC, black arrowhead inticates the zone of sculpture. +D +. Dot-like sculpture on the dorsal side of hind leg, PhC. +E +. Dot-like sculpture on the dorsal side of hind leg, SEM, white arrowhead indicates the zone of sculpture. +F +. Mouth opening with dorsal OCA visible, SEM, white arrow indicates the first band of teeth, white arrowhead indicates the dorsal crests of the third band of teeth. Scale bars A–B, F = 2 µm; C–E = 5 µm. + + + + +Table 4. +Summary of morphometric data for + +Mesobiotus vulpinus + +sp. nov. +Measurements are given in µm, +pt +values in % (the +pt +index is the percentage ratio between the length of a structure and the length of the buccal tube). + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+CHARACTER + +N + +RANGE + +MEAN + +SD + +Holotype +
µm +pt +µm +pt +µm +pt +µm +pt +
Body length10264–521 +808 + +– + +1119 +366 +948 +87 +121 +521 +1119 +
Buccopharyngeal tube
Buccal tube length1030,1–46,5–38,3 +– +5,7 +– +46,5 +– +
Stylet support insertion point1022,5–35,2 +74,7 + +– + +77,6 +29,0 +75,8 +4,5 +0,8 +35,2 +75,6 +
Buccal tube external width104,0–7,6 +13,0 + +– + +18,2 +5,6 +14,6 +1,2 +1,4 +7,2 +15,5 +
Buccal tube internal width102,9–6,0 +9,6 + +– + +14,4 +4,3 +11,1 +1,1 +1,5 +5,6 +12,0 +
Ventral lamina length920,0–32,1 +61,7 + +– + +69,0 +25,4 +66,1 +4,4 +2,3 +32,1 +69,0 +
Placoid lengths
Macroplacoid 1103,4–6,4 +10,9 + +– + +15,3 +5,0 +12,9 +1,1 +1,6 +6,4 +13,7 +
Macroplacoid 2103,0–5,7 +9,7 + +– + +12,4 +4,1 +10,6 +0,9 +0,8 +5,4 +11,5 +
Macroplacoid 3103,0–6,4 +9,9 + +– + +14,3 +4,9 +12,6 +1,1 +1,3 +6,4 +13,7 +
Microplacoid102,0–4,5 +6,5 + +– + +9,9 +3,3 +8,5 +0,8 +1,0 +4,5 +9,7 +
Macroplacoid row1011,2–21,3 +37,4 + +– + +46,6 +16,2 +41,9 +3,4 +3,1 +21,3 +45,7 +
Placoid row1014,3–27,3 +47,4 + +– + +58,9 +20,5 +53,2 +4,2 +3,7 +27,3 +58,6 +
Claw 1 heights
External primary branch107,2–12,4 +22,0 + +– + +26,7 +9,4 +24,7 +1,5 +1,3 +12,4 +26,7 +
External secondary branch105,7–9,6 +18,5 + +– + +23,2 +7,6 +19,9 +1,2 +1,4 +9,6 +20,5 +
Internal primary branch106,8–12,6 +22,7 + +– + +27,0 +9,3 +24,2 +1,6 +1,3 +12,6 +27,0 +
Internal secondary branch105,5–9,2 +16,2 + +– + +22,3 +7,3 +19,1 +1,2 +1,6 +8,9 +19,2 +
Claw 2 heights
External primary branch107,5–13,3 +23,0 + +– + +28,5 +9,8 +25,6 +1,7 +1,6 +13,3 +28,5 +
External secondary branch105,9–11,1 +19,0 + +– + +23,8 +8,2 +21,3 +1,5 +1,7 +11,1 +23,8 +
Internal primary branch108,1–12,5 +24,2 + +– + +28,0 +10,0 +26,1 +1,4 +1,1 +12,5 +26,8 +
Internal secondary branch105,5–9,0 +17,9 + +– + +24,4 +7,8 +20,4 +1,1 +1,9 +9,0 +19,4 +
Claw 3 heights? +? +
External primary branch107,8–13,0 +23,7 + +– + +27,8 +9,9 +25,8 +1,5 +1,3 +13,0 +27,8 +
External secondary branch105,6–9,8 +17,2 + +– + +22,4 +7,7 +20,1 +1,4 +1,6 +9,8 +21,0 +
Internal primary branch107,8–12,6 +24,2 + +– + +28,9 +9,9 +25,9 +1,5 +1,4 +12,6 +27,0 +
Internal secondary branch106,1–10,4 +17,9 + +– + +26,9 +7,9 +20,7 +1,4 +2,4 +9,1 +19,5 +
Claw 4 heights
Anterior primary branch108,7–14,6 +27,5 + +– + +32,2 +11,4 +29,8 +1,8 +1,4 +14,6 +31,4 +
Anterior secondary branch105,9–10,8 +19,7 + +– + +23,4 +8,4 +22,0 +1,4 +1,3 +10,8 +23,2 +
Posterior primary branch109,5–13,5 +27,1 + +– + +35,1 +11,8 +31,1 +1,6 +2,4 +12,6 +27,1 +
Posterior secondary branch107,4–11,0 +20,1 + +– + +25,3 +8,9 +23,5 +1,3 +1,7 +9,821,0
+ + + +Reproduction + + +No males were found. + + +Fig. 9. + +Mesobiotus vulpinus + +sp. nov. +, bucco-pharyngeal apparatus. +A–G +. Holotype (SPbU 320(10)). +H +. Paratype (SPbU 320(1)). +A +. Total dorso-ventral view of the bucco-pharyngeal apparatus, PhC. +B–C +. Placoids, black arrowheads indicate the preterminal constriction of the third macroplacoid, PhC (B), DIC (C). +D–G +. Oral cavity armature (D–E = dorsal view, F–G = ventral view), PhC (D, F), DIC (E, G). +H +. Oral cavity armature with fragmented medio-ventral ridge, PhC. Scale bars: A = 20 µm; B–H = 10 µm. + + + + +Fig. 10. + +Mesobiotus vulpinus + +sp. nov. +, claws. +A, C, F–G +. Paratype (SPbU Tar_33). +B +. Paratype (SPbU 320(1)). +D, H +. Holotype (SPbU 320(10)). +E +. Paratype (SPbU 320(5)). +A +. Inner surface of leg III, white arrowhead indicates indistinctly marked pulvinus, SEM. +B +. Claws of leg II, black arrowhead indicates bar-like cuticular thickening, PhC. +C +. Claws of leg III, SEM. +D +. Claws of leg I, focused on bar-like cuticular thickening, black arrowhead, white arrowhead indicates the zone of dot-like sculpture, PhC. +E +. Claws of leg IV, black arrowheads indicate cuticular sculpture around the claw bases, PhC. +F +. Claws of leg IV, SEM. +G +. Lunules of claws of leg IV, SEM. +H +. Leg IV, focused on horseshoe-like structure, white arrowhead, black arrowhead indicates cuticular sculpture around the claw base, PhC. Scale bars: A–B, D–E, H = 10 µm; C, F–G = 5 µm. + + + + +Fig. 11. + +Mesobiotus vulpinus + +sp. nov. +, paratype (SPbU 320(6)), egg. +A +. Total view of the egg, PhC. +B +. Egg processes with small bulbous process between them, black arrowhead, DIC. +C–D +. Details of the egg surface, black arrowheads indicate small bulbous processes, PhC (C), DIC (D). +E +. Bifurcated egg process, PhC. +F +. Egg process with “bubble”, black arrowhead, PhC. +G–H +. Optical sections of the egg process basal part, white arrowheads indicate a pore, DIC. Scale bars: A = 20 µm; B–H = 10 µm. + + + + +Table 5. +Measurements (in μm) of selected morphological structures of eggs of + +Mesobiotus vulpinus + +sp. nov. +Abbreviations: N = number of eggs/structures measured, range refers to the smallest and the largest structure among all measured specimens; SD = standard deviation). + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+CHARACTER + +N + +RANGE + +MEAN + +SD +
Egg bare diameter366,2–67,366,70,6
Egg full diameter3125,4–131,0128,83,0
Process height929,8–36,133,02,4
Process base width915,9–19,018,00,9
Process base/height ratio950%–63%55%4%
Inter-process distance92,0–7,45,01,9
Number of processes on the egg circumference39–99,00,0
+ + + +Fig. 12. + +Mesobiotus vulpinus + +sp. nov. +, egg. +A–D +. Paratypes (SPbU Tar_65). +A, C +. Total view of the eggs, SEM. +B, D +. Details of the egg surface, SEM. Note the difference in the degree of development of small tubercles and numerous small pores on the egg surface. Scale bars: A–B = 20 µm; C–D = 5 µm. + + + + +Fig. 13. + +Mesobiotus vulpinus + +sp. nov. +, paratype (SPbU Tar_65), egg. +A–B +. Details of the egg processes, whire arrowheads indicate large pores, black arrowheads indicate small pores, SEM. Scale bars = 5 µm. + + + + +DNA sequences + + + +Sequences for all four molecular markers were obtained from +two specimens +(18S rRNA – OR804461, OR804462, 28S rRNA – OR805140, OR805141, ITS-2 – OR805172, OR805173, COI – OR803040, OR803041; voucher slides SpbU 320(08) and 320(15)) + + + + \ No newline at end of file