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<document id="2E83C8B58D2508A72FC3F1E14AE27A3B" ID-DOI="10.3897/phytokeys.251.139141" ID-publisher-id="139141" URI-arpha="62CD561A-62B2-5384-A741-A779F37B95D2" XM.bibliography_approvedBy="admin" XM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="admin" article-type="research-article" checkinTime="1737397322192" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Cheng, Zhuo, Liu, Xinyu, Yu, Nianting, Chen, Weizhe, Zhao, Haofeng, Li, Feifei &amp; Long, Chunlin" docDate="2025" docId="C2A34EBEE7005F18812E08D6F9B48F4F" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 251: 175-188" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 251" docSource="https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/139141/download/xml/" docStyle="DocumentStyle:PensoftTaxPub.0000.journal_article.phytokeys" docStyleName="PensoftTaxPub.0000.journal_article.phytokeys" docTitle="Acorus shannai C. L. Long &amp; Z. Cheng 2025, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" dtd-version="3.0" lastPageNumber="188" masterDocId="62CD561A62B25384A741A779F37B95D2" masterDocTitle="Acorus shannai (Acoraceae), a new species from Southern China" masterLastPageNumber="188" masterPageNumber="175" pageNumber="175" updateTime="1737405089062" updateUser="admin">
<mods:mods id="7176B71ECB886F711E4FF4243CAEADD9" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="111953F248899EF0D2CBD1F482CF5BF3">
<mods:title id="44CB745C912F3DB701E6E2D99945D7C1">Acorus shannai (Acoraceae), a new species from Southern China</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="A548A7D8A04A47D873A417612E0217A0" type="personal">
<mods:role id="5832AFDA718FAACCC0942B4C9BC3A5AE">
<mods:roleTerm id="20D37E1D39DB8A5E0F7E3A1992EB3FCE">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="41B27D2F84A46300C416F1E71F11507E">Cheng, Zhuo</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="B053DF23753840A62308B5295015AD12" type="ORCID">0000-0001-7807-2571</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="34A58197DCC0663F4C25C2F523A73F3A">Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas (Minzu University of China), National Ethnic Affairs Commission of China, Beijing 100081, China &amp; College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
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</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="39B9D874433DC676EA01EC9C722CF45A">Liu, Xinyu</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="388F1E1B8ECECBAE14AFC8886128A1B7" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6299-1283</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="D449327E08E709D645F157573208DD9E">Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas (Minzu University of China), National Ethnic Affairs Commission of China, Beijing 100081, China &amp; College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
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<mods:namePart id="CC5FC7CD5763E878DDCC6D9F041529EF">Yu, Nianting</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="F55114C315E81607A271DF51DB037F4E" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9469-6567</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="60CA88A5529A580348305010BFF5A934">Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas (Minzu University of China), National Ethnic Affairs Commission of China, Beijing 100081, China &amp; College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
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<mods:namePart id="28707B115417563F5BEFE5237536E963">Chen, Weizhe</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="AB7BAE0D90B0C61BDC6313777E5BBE8A" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2600-9146</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="27C43FEB991A9C077C9AA6B9E1D552F1">Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas (Minzu University of China), National Ethnic Affairs Commission of China, Beijing 100081, China &amp; College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="B5EC05B1F5BED113223936A16F0B4D52">Zhao, Haofeng</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="5BF29F0CE4187160F0585B56E891A336" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9597-0600</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="962441C16EC64A5F0EA9D93BE0D41D05">Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas (Minzu University of China), National Ethnic Affairs Commission of China, Beijing 100081, China &amp; College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
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<mods:namePart id="78EF303AA0C330BD9E4DFD51336195DA">Li, Feifei</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="7C6AEF6389E0D26166AE460339AB6EB8" type="ORCID">0000-0003-4733-6268</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="DD9E94495B342027395C09A7D8496EA0">China National Botanical Garden (North Garden), Beijing 100081, China</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="7B4B4A1088977AC66C6A2D916DF45568" type="personal">
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</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="2D373FAA038F61ECBB0CCFC0BF1992D3">Long, Chunlin</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="D956DE048E5A2545F6700527BA492C4D" type="ORCID">0000-0002-6573-6049</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="C3BC5C3F998D4380F4EE0A26CFA903E7">Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas (Minzu University of China), National Ethnic Affairs Commission of China, Beijing 100081, China &amp; College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China &amp; Institute of National Security Studies, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="F0195F5BB7E587F27D6D530B388C644D">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="F899DD5B873E7954ABDC9223A79755DB">
<mods:title id="2D52C991A6B9EF890FD70975FB6BD43F">PhytoKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="93F5194580F5F9C193EA2B785CA455F7">
<mods:date id="6D9BC8C0DE2E93E647659BF88BF8D922">2025</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="47999647C1C9F7C65954620115921E9C" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="1C07339CAC80E1D11A3321AD41152B21">2025-01-20</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="5F63E2F66BBC6E7FC1AB32C7C84328BB" type="volume">
<mods:number id="7870EC12767FC60CF4BCE1A9B8BA3FEE">251</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
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<mods:start id="3B46FFE2EE8A99727B0A688D93C3301B">175</mods:start>
<mods:end id="6F7EF1F7988BDB6E0D304B4DE2E2A503">188</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="3E00DBA2B9FD199FB9E62848693CFE8F">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="A608A85BECF2F3D8FD364699958573B8" type="DOI">10.3897/phytokeys.251.139141</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="C2A34EBEE7005F18812E08D6F9B48F4F" ID-arpha="C2A34EBE-E700-5F18-812E-08D6F9B48F4F" ID-ipni="urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77355471-1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C2A34EBEE7005F18812E08D6F9B48F4F" LSID-IPNI="urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77355471-1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C2A34EBEE7005F18812E08D6F9B48F4F" scope_family="Acoraceae">
<subSubSection id="6682D2845025F49D1155D720D2D461AE" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="104681123054738754469F6498D736E5">
<taxonomicName id="56EC3635054A6F51BA33FCFA827C37AD" authority="C. L. Long &amp; Z. Cheng" authorityName="C. L. Long &amp; Z. Cheng" authorityYear="2025" class="Liliopsida" family="Acoraceae" genus="Acorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Acorales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="shannai" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="C17CD57DCC6EE9DFF91BAEDB41AC7D37" italics="true">Acorus shannai</emphasis>
C. L. Long &amp; Z. Cheng
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="3D41C99FC269360D70E4B3F3F0B1E6CF" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EB3CD20A32C5D3784371BC4200067427" type="description">
<paragraph id="B9D49BD4905C3C8ED98542A017EDBACB">
<figureCitation id="08B605A9B2E63A7DE09B716827C3CD65" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Acorus shannai C. L. Long &amp; Z. Cheng, sp. nov. A plant inflorescence stage B whole plant C species habitat D rhizome and fibrous roots E petiole leaf F inflorescence and bract G, H inflorescence I fruit — photos by Zhuo Cheng." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.251.139141.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1224008">Figs 2</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="6FE01025424952EFF5A22852389A3E93" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Acorus shannai C. L. Long &amp; Z. Cheng, sp. nov. A whole plant in infructescence stage B fruit C infructescence Drawn by Xinchen Qu." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.251.139141.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1224009">3 “ 山柰菖蒲 ” (Shan Nai Chang Pu</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EU2AE" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="340E9DF58B9C97C88B0970CCEB43CF2B">
<heading id="83D7CC81A9D337908F9521197535C85B" reason="title">Diagnosis.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DC866FC0F9E91379E36EE9E2D1C09C1A">
The strong fennel aroma of the plant, distinct dorsal sutures on the fruit, and a spathe length 2–3 times that of the spadix are diagnostic features that differentiate
<taxonomicName id="39672A6D1281C4DA9C3D449B6A9E0CD3" authorityName="C. L. Long &amp; Z. Cheng" authorityYear="2025" class="Liliopsida" family="Acoraceae" genus="Acorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Acorales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="shannai">
<emphasis id="9BA9CA349CCA8E7F84426B4EA379763C" italics="true">A. shannai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from other species in the
<taxonomicName id="BB589204D7A3EFB26320B39DF6AFADED" class="Liliopsida" family="Acoraceae" genus="Acorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Acorales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gramineus">
<emphasis id="A7A438F85525DDFC08E5FE964A861769" italics="true">A. gramineus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group. The new species belongs to the
<taxonomicName id="CB1AB404C931BDB2BF03726B29480E00" class="Liliopsida" family="Acoraceae" genus="Acorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Acorales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gramineus">
<emphasis id="DD2D85939FC9F4574291161A6224911C" italics="true">A. gramineus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group based on the following characteristics: Leaves without conspicuous marginal swellings of the lamina and a distinct midrib (
<bibRefCitation id="2F7A6712892E5A51957BAB79C80750EC" author="Li" firstAuthor="Li" issue="2" journalOrPublisher="Science Press, Beijing" pagination="4-9" refId="B12" refString="Li H (1979) Araceae. Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae. Science Press, Beijing 13 (2): 4–9. [The Chinese edition of Flora of China]" title="Araceae. Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae." volume="13" year="1979">Li 1979</bibRefCitation>
). According to the key to the species of
<taxonomicName id="FAA854039751BEEB90CC39FD26A87728" class="Liliopsida" family="Acoraceae" genus="Acorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Acorales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C5515E42C369176696BD211AA7C89AB6" italics="true">Acorus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occurring in
<collectingCountry id="08D265D29651E3C9FE76D2A8DCD71FFF" name="China">China</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="194252F35032DAE8C39879506EC717BD" author="Li" firstAuthor="Li" issue="2" journalOrPublisher="Science Press, Beijing" pagination="4-9" refId="B12" refString="Li H (1979) Araceae. Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae. Science Press, Beijing 13 (2): 4–9. [The Chinese edition of Flora of China]" title="Araceae. Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae." volume="13" year="1979">Li 1979</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="E1FC928E940F5EE9E8CC5A1C1A809894" author="Li" editor="Wu ZY &amp; Raven PH &amp; Hong DY" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Li" journalOrPublisher="Louis" pagination="1-2" refId="B13" refString="Li H, Zhu GH, Bogner J (2010) Acoraceae. In: Wu ZY, Raven PH, Hong DY (Eds) Flora of China. Science Press, Beijing, and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis 23: 1–2." title="Acoraceae." volume="23" volumeTitle="Flora of China. Science Press, Beijing, and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St." year="2010">Li et al. 2010</bibRefCitation>
), the morphology of
<taxonomicName id="CC27099F8DCE56A0E4956999B82B6834" authorityName="C. L. Long &amp; Z. Cheng" authorityYear="2025" class="Liliopsida" family="Acoraceae" genus="Acorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Acorales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="shannai">
<emphasis id="7361873DDDFEB90095D071C0292F9A17" italics="true">A. shannai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is similar to “
<taxonomicName id="A230BD9598729891411A40F30ABF3544" class="Liliopsida" family="Acoraceae" genus="Acorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Acorales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tatarinowii">
<emphasis id="D331E12852AE424E95DA8C95F2F2D537" italics="true">A. tatarinowii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” and
<taxonomicName id="56D0DE49E7AA6199E7B5E6A7DBCC2B5D" class="Liliopsida" family="Acoraceae" genus="Acorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Acorales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gramineus">
<emphasis id="F9F050048CAB14E32DAF4A2A02855BB2" italics="true">A. gramineus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. However,
<taxonomicName id="A1FCD215837DADE5DAAFBD982E418FBD" authorityName="C. L. Long &amp; Z. Cheng" authorityYear="2025" class="Liliopsida" family="Acoraceae" genus="Acorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Acorales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="shannai">
<emphasis id="2EB3B691FD2C58462D686AD24D9CBAA3" italics="true">A. shannai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be clearly distinguished by the following features: the whole plant emits a strong fennel odor (
<emphasis id="859C719FED7E88A4F0D86D5DBC068504" italics="true">vs.</emphasis>
aromatic in “
<taxonomicName id="72842960AEC6F0A70ACBD7C36D239149" class="Liliopsida" family="Acoraceae" genus="Acorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Acorales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tatarinowii">
<emphasis id="0259543BBC8DFE1BDC9F8E78774DEA7D" italics="true">A. tatarinowii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” and
<taxonomicName id="D870B4A6F690429F249F19383DAF82FE" class="Liliopsida" family="Acoraceae" genus="Acorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Acorales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gramineus">
<emphasis id="C7F4E8C357383BF0CA00692005B0F8D5" italics="true">A. gramineus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), the fruit has distinct dorsal sutures (
<emphasis id="4520DF7928713896A3ADA40D63029A53" italics="true">vs.</emphasis>
inconspicuous dorsal sutures in “
<taxonomicName id="D4ED5C089982EAA2FE3FC88ABA8665D7" class="Liliopsida" family="Acoraceae" genus="Acorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Acorales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tatarinowii">
<emphasis id="D26AB1545AD689645DE5C98B6EA8CC02" italics="true">A. tatarinowii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” and
<taxonomicName id="945418E9D4E656CEC1345D4E5850D3CA" class="Liliopsida" family="Acoraceae" genus="Acorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Acorales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gramineus">
<emphasis id="ADAF15B6F2352219C3A2E6478F349202" italics="true">A. gramineus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), and the leaf-shaped spathe is approximately 2–3 times longer than the spadix (
<emphasis id="B52A1E1C9BA1526E0C6508D9444DA966" italics="true">vs.</emphasis>
more than 3 times in “
<taxonomicName id="B090B8BFC4AD445A9DCA71F745AB435D" class="Liliopsida" family="Acoraceae" genus="Acorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Acorales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tatarinowii">
<emphasis id="F01A34F376FEAA20241E565001C7AEB2" italics="true">A. tatarinowii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
”).
</paragraph>
<caption id="44F31945B5D08F3A6DC9DADEA3DADE26" ID-DOI="10.3897/phytokeys.251.139141.figure2" ID-arpha="208BF4F9-83A6-5A46-A2F0-3F26FF68EBFE" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1224008" startId="F2">
<paragraph id="1711EC5B4A5AF058154AE4CC4DE55D1F">
<label id="D543475DFE9C2B70039736C8747638FA">Figure 2.</label>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="08114387B6FE3E35BA0A31AECD51E055">
<taxonomicName id="EE5B43E12BF6E9213F0C47866C4BB2BA" authority="C. L. Long &amp; Z. Cheng" authorityName="C. L. Long &amp; Z. Cheng" authorityYear="2025" class="Liliopsida" family="Acoraceae" genus="Acorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Acorales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="shannai" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="A543A0E5DD279F230995795320AAEB52" italics="true">Acorus shannai</emphasis>
C. L. Long &amp; Z. Cheng
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="FFE90459E1CB8452ED84D41DE0C8DE88" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<emphasis id="1356093AB060432AFE684596DADD590E" bold="true">A</emphasis>
plant inflorescence stage
<emphasis id="5384D415FA5C1F4EF4FB9CDB6052090E" bold="true">B</emphasis>
whole plant
<emphasis id="AF0A31708CFE248FBCB4B6051E107019" bold="true">C</emphasis>
species habitat
<emphasis id="DAC86CAEC3CFC7DDBBDD9D646CF1DE8B" bold="true">D</emphasis>
rhizome and fibrous roots
<emphasis id="84F8A22AB682F1CCF67DD9E58AD8634B" bold="true">E</emphasis>
petiole leaf
<emphasis id="C8AC9CD4730D1FE56D1580A691B4D031" bold="true">F</emphasis>
inflorescence and bract
<emphasis id="B0CD5AED53732170A782D1FF5F324B9F" bold="true">G, H</emphasis>
inflorescence
<emphasis id="9E94B4586317B788120748BA97AB746F" bold="true">I</emphasis>
fruit — photos by Zhuo Cheng.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EACAG" type="material">
<paragraph id="7A9585B1754FD848D5E6E2AF73205155">
<heading id="A00DD399F1D06A5463D8A24B3B892214" reason="title">Type.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D15C9C074291BF0BA648B4E370953043">
<materialsCitation id="9CA5AD16DF6F5219548A437D6C22EDAA" collectingDate="2021-08-25" collectionCode="KUN" collectorName="Zhuo Cheng" country="China" county="Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture" elevation="1039" latitude="26.379583" location="Leishan County" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="108.1315" municipality="Qiandongnan Miao" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="Guizhou Province" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectingCountry id="AF1F35453AD33EC977AEA44F6C5BC64F" name="China">China</collectingCountry>
•
<collectingRegion id="74A8B389B5C0C42BD86B8415F56A5C1E" country="China" name="Guizhou">Guizhou Province</collectingRegion>
:
<collectingCounty id="BC272ED7064FBC524E301B500DE343F4">Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture</collectingCounty>
,
<location id="81988086C2FCFA2F27DF1E69DF21A563" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C2A34EBEE7005F18812E08D6F9B48F4F:81988086C2FCFA2F27DF1E69DF21A563" country="China" county="Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture" latitude="26.379583" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="108.1315" municipality="Qiandongnan Miao" name="Leishan County" stateProvince="Guizhou Province">Leishan County</location>
,
<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0EJCAG" specific-use="{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;Point&quot;,&quot;coordinates&quot;:[108.131500,26.379583]}">
<geoCoordinate id="90AECF03DA8306FAD558A3A8943DB94F" degrees="26" direction="north" minutes="22" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="46.5" value="26.379583">26°22'46.5&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="5CD33B17457B6DB716ECB01BC9DB7955" degrees="108" direction="east" minutes="7" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="53.4" value="108.1315">108°7'53.4&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
</named-content>
, alt.
<elevation id="F7DAD64ECAAC4554FBAADAD2872D9CD2" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.039" unit="m" value="1039.0">
<quantity id="04F149E0577B16FE0F0CBA11C527BBCF" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.039" unit="m" value="1039.0">1039 m</quantity>
a. s. l.
</elevation>
,
<date id="1D1F7D1118D0CD215AD49F600DC38623" value="2021-08-25">
<collectingDate id="C495BD415157DBF8E9163CC7721825EA" value="2021-08-25">25 August 2021</collectingDate>
</date>
;
<emphasis id="72DFE09DFEEB2BAA5FA06C419E28DC38" italics="true">
<collectorName id="20A40F16BF49E55FB23E9B5F555DE34C">Zhuo Cheng</collectorName>
HXCP 024
</emphasis>
(
<named-content id="8D2D8C5EE1878800096012677CFEE744" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/kunming-institute-botany-chinese-academy-sciences" xlink_title="Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences">
<collectionCode id="D0E73A97F596E1AB4B530F1EE580A06C" country="China" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15842" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15842" name="Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences" type="Herbarium">KUN</collectionCode>
</named-content>
!). (
<typeStatus id="270BD27EA00A671F7EAE208AB9015961" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
:
<named-content id="78C4EE7DF5A46B29D941A59B36536D77" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/kunming-institute-botany-chinese-academy-sciences" xlink_title="Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences">
<collectionCode id="7D9A0D47A8CF1B83D9F5CA08CDA210E0" country="China" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15842" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15842" name="Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences" type="Herbarium">KUN</collectionCode>
</named-content>
!;
<typeStatus id="750615DBAC050DC41FA380BDF65B3329" type="isotype">isotype</typeStatus>
:
<named-content id="FAD1BF1F9839B6D9DCE677DBCD115850" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/kunming-institute-botany-chinese-academy-sciences" xlink_title="Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences">
<collectionCode id="C4672348DD05C04746177433FD0C69C5" country="China" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15842" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15842" name="Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences" type="Herbarium">KUN</collectionCode>
</named-content>
!)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="43D2E60705CEB6EFDB098859FEE3D9EC" ID-DOI="10.3897/phytokeys.251.139141.figure3" ID-arpha="04E49653-E670-5B29-B631-F9DD49AF9A81" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1224009" startId="F3">
<paragraph id="D61CCC515E908FF2FDF43BA766221BB8">
<label id="AC2036A845F58A7494C10425B0C48C34">Figure 3.</label>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3387F42B90893758F1384ACE8564D11E">
<taxonomicName id="E6D5615A129FA5DA521A6BFB864D0803" authority="C. L. Long &amp; Z. Cheng" authorityName="C. L. Long &amp; Z. Cheng" authorityYear="2025" class="Liliopsida" family="Acoraceae" genus="Acorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Acorales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="shannai" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="6872347E08A1C22C6519B9BE5E70BF19" italics="true">Acorus shannai</emphasis>
C. L. Long &amp; Z. Cheng
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="61EC2F2ABDF9AB8356EF2376211F8547" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<emphasis id="F0363F5983AE3065BB318933A0324C75" bold="true">A</emphasis>
whole plant in infructescence stage
<emphasis id="B8BAC6853B432BB7F359FE4475ADA83C" bold="true">B</emphasis>
fruit
<emphasis id="F50CA640446BC0A1028011A75C993718" bold="true">C</emphasis>
infructescence Drawn by Xinchen Qu.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0E1DAG" type="description">
<paragraph id="3EE08F3800CA976781324FF5E631FD7F">
<heading id="56244CD4E8C6B0C24B49BE99C3494017" reason="title">Description.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9ECFE9D80E0AAE9605CCD3656D409BDD">
Herbs, perennials, helophyte plants. Plants
<quantity id="242BDB3ED07475AF13EFFC08753AB1DF" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="4.0" unit="cm" value="60.0" valueMax="80.0" valueMin="40.0">40–80 cm</quantity>
, without indumentum. Rhizome recumbent and stout, 10–20 × 0.5–0.8 (- 1.2) cm, strong
<taxonomicName id="8735243562AFD6C91F52F620B771906B" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apiaceae" genus="Foeniculum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vulgare">
<emphasis id="CAB25005E58A082F38BEB59D6FE3B4B9" italics="true">Foeniculum vulgare</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
– like aroma with fleshy fibrous roots, internodes,
<quantity id="FC4D9C26CA815E3EB6E95E294D5524F6" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.499999999999999" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="6.0" unit="cm" value="0.6499999999999999" valueMax="0.7" valueMin="0.6">0.6–0.7 cm</quantity>
. Leaf sheath,
<quantity id="5832683E6900116C876416A9A46A649E" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="0.7" unit="cm" value="1.1" valueMax="1.5" valueMin="0.7">0.7–1.5 cm</quantity>
, purple. Leaves several, about ten, light green, ensiform, 30–60 ×
<quantity id="5527A9FE9B03D805E2ABA6025CA4A48B" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="0.7" unit="cm" value="1.1" valueMax="1.5" valueMin="0.7">0.7–1.5 cm</quantity>
, midrib lacking, apex acuminate. The leaf base is folded in half, the middle is flat above, without distinct midrib, parallel veins up to
<quantity id="B4915BB9788F2CB6E692DA0FB44E926F" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" unit="cm" value="15.0">15 cm</quantity>
, and exceedingly slender but raised. Peduncles compressed triangular,
<quantity id="A3590D912863FD2505E426A496F76592" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.65" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="0.8" unit="cm" value="16.5" valueMax="25.0" valueMin="8.0">8–25 cm</quantity>
. Spadix is green and leaf-like,
<quantity id="A917C1C8EA6B03D49E9EFA8EC20571C2" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.55" metricValueMax="4.1" metricValueMin="1.0" unit="cm" value="25.5" valueMax="41.0" valueMin="10.0">10–41 cm</quantity>
., 2–3 times longer than Spadix. Spadix is straight or slightly curved, narrowly cylindrical to subcylindric, 5–13 ×
<quantity id="4EFCB621C187E21DBBB035C0D4A06138" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="5.0" unit="cm" value="0.6" valueMax="0.7" valueMin="0.5">0.5–0.7 cm</quantity>
, densely flowered, 3–4 flowers in one cross-section. Flowers are white,
<quantity id="703075419BE50737194CDFA05F3EA463" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" metricValueMax="1.7" metricValueMin="1.5" unit="mm" value="1.6" valueMax="1.7" valueMin="1.5">1.5–1.7 mm</quantity>
. Infructescence, up to
<quantity id="8D6EF4F1193676B558D1B90B60D24787" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="cm" value="1.0">1 cm</quantity>
thick, fruit sub oblong, yellow-green, 4–4.5 ×
<quantity id="EE17870401514C7C45CD47AF0C89E480" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" unit="mm" value="2.5" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="2.0">2–3 mm</quantity>
. Seeds oblong-ellipsoid to ovoid, 2.5–3 ×
<quantity id="8554C329C4C2D6B8A91A4F9E83756560" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="1.0" unit="mm" value="1.1" valueMax="1.2" valueMin="1.0">1–1.2 mm</quantity>
. Flower, May-June. Fruit, July-August. 2 n = 24.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0ELEAG" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="23E56E7DCCD594FFE9775EEDF5CE8ADA">
<heading id="53A7D06014883B14F7D95F51EB1E0C63" reason="title">Etymology.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="858D9B2ED73C65852C379C5A2B32CB13">
The specific epithet is derived from the local name
<taxonomicName id="520070155DC9F8C51D8FAB3991042B5E" authorityName="C. L. Long &amp; Z. Cheng" authorityYear="2025" class="Liliopsida" family="Acoraceae" genus="Acorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Acorales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="shannai">
“
<emphasis id="DD53D4B9DFF1B6535023C4AB3E54A626" italics="true">shannai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
”.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0E2EAG" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="6ECEDA63C8B73925A2CAE81AD302F56E">
<heading id="236831E48824CA4C174A1229D0B30104" reason="title">Distribution, habitat, and phenology.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9A73F9B7CFA23DAD35875199FA1D7B35">
The locality of this taxon is Leishan County, located in the Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture of
<collectingRegion id="74AE58C2E30794C94CF37BD71E352093" country="China" name="Guizhou">Guizhou Province</collectingRegion>
. Specimen records indicate this species is also distributed in
<collectingRegion id="66F3C642B84C7923E3ED3F54115CAC46" country="China" name="Guangxi">Guangxi</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="BD368684CF0B3C17F6DDC689A1B1582F" country="China" name="Hunan">Hunan</collectingRegion>
, and surrounding areas (Fig.
<figureCitation id="608B953A2B5EFB3F3B7A3FC2F4C071B9" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. The distribution of A. shannai (red circle) in China." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.251.139141.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1224010">4</figureCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="656067888D3134C48C84F14E97F11A32" authorityName="C. L. Long &amp; Z. Cheng" authorityYear="2025" class="Liliopsida" family="Acoraceae" genus="Acorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Acorales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="shannai">
<emphasis id="E440A5E5724B3E4BCF071C23B9023BA8" italics="true">A. shannai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
exhibits a preference for moist mountain slopes and brook-adjacent habitats, distinguishing it ecologically from other
<taxonomicName id="9FEEB402E7823B5D0074FB1282606471" class="Liliopsida" family="Acoraceae" genus="Acorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Acorales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="9F7BA6123CC36FBD1B5B2953CE812BB7" italics="true">Acorus</emphasis>
species.
</taxonomicName>
It typically grows at an elevation of less than
<quantity id="62DDF9F84503A0891FD4FB8BFA5C3650" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" unit="m" value="1500.0">1,500 m</quantity>
a. s. l. The species has been observed flowering in May to June and fruiting in July to August.
</paragraph>
<caption id="5163BD218AE95E813CE53AA313D51D73" ID-DOI="10.3897/phytokeys.251.139141.figure4" ID-arpha="60B2A776-F6AC-54A8-A10E-3B956E9CC706" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1224010" startId="F4">
<paragraph id="044AEF2E26451BEB8EED310F2297CBA0">
<label id="A46E007EDA5D3DBC507EE935696C39C6">Figure 4.</label>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="13693B9D7DE33CA001E50F10DC7E0AF8">
The distribution of
<taxonomicName id="CA14A44C479CF517CE94C8F3CFC7FFBC" authorityName="C. L. Long &amp; Z. Cheng" authorityYear="2025" class="Liliopsida" family="Acoraceae" genus="Acorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Acorales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="shannai">
<emphasis id="745A7D0B6738D90A71278446E76E027A" italics="true">A. shannai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(red circle) in China.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EPGAG" type="Taxonomic notes">
<paragraph id="F22ACC268F61E4A86DD8F99DCA713ADD">
<heading id="E040AA5C377474E6CD1ECADE58F47F44" reason="title">Taxonomic notes.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F46E0D303F413C59C913491D4AF51A00">
The new species identified belong to the
<taxonomicName id="D0141F112565BA74C1C146035EB99A27" class="Liliopsida" family="Acoraceae" genus="Acorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Acorales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gramineus">
<emphasis id="6EBC7E2461E3229BD927319CBCCDB1EF" italics="true">A. gramineus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group, characterized by the following characteristics: leaves without conspicuous marginal swellings of the lamina and a distinct midrib (
<bibRefCitation id="911363812D59485F84EC5B42F584FA8E" author="Li" firstAuthor="Li" issue="2" journalOrPublisher="Science Press, Beijing" pagination="4-9" refId="B12" refString="Li H (1979) Araceae. Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae. Science Press, Beijing 13 (2): 4–9. [The Chinese edition of Flora of China]" title="Araceae. Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae." volume="13" year="1979">Li 1979</bibRefCitation>
). Previous studies have demonstrated the presence of three species within this group in
<collectingCountry id="1BD4F9B89F0E8A0A2ECE1D51E5737F1C" name="China">China</collectingCountry>
based on multiple lines of evidence:
<taxonomicName id="EAB4FD8195BF776D97F8E29075100D94" class="Liliopsida" family="Acoraceae" genus="Acorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Acorales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macrospadiceus">
<emphasis id="E96909AEDAB72FBB5FFF62EDDB000DA1" italics="true">Acorus macrospadiceus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, “
<taxonomicName id="E9A9600BAD68479078C0BCB78EF33B4B" class="Liliopsida" family="Acoraceae" genus="Acorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Acorales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tatarinowii">
<emphasis id="72C551AEA5AFAAA6B1C4FE63EB2F4BC1" italics="true">A. tatarinowii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” and
<taxonomicName id="82B9DB1EDD98E105B6BA7C00EFEC12B2" authority="(Cheng et al. 2020)" baseAuthorityName="Cheng" baseAuthorityYear="2020" class="Liliopsida" family="Acoraceae" genus="Acorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Acorales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gramineus">
<emphasis id="DDD7BC0C77297A52B23F1FE1BE95120D" italics="true">A. gramineus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="1FA1A8F91C73B65CF819954A82C3DCEC" DOI="10.3389/fpls.2020.00965" author="Cheng" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Cheng" refId="B1" refString="Cheng Z, Shu H, Zhang S, Luo BS, Gu RH, Zhang RF, Ji YY, Li FF, Long CL (2020) From folk taxonomy to species confirmation of Acorus (Acoraceae): Evidences based on phylogenetic and metabolomic analyses. Frontiers in Plant Science 11: 965. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2020.00965" year="2020">Cheng et al. 2020</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. Through a comparative analysis of morphological characteristics, distribution locations, and type specimens, we have concluded that it is incorrect to elevate
<taxonomicName id="377AA72851F2DADD803FFF683CE4CE5E" authority="Yamam." authorityName="Yamam." class="Liliopsida" family="Acoraceae" genus="Acorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Acorales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="gramineus" variety="macrospadiceus">
<emphasis id="E3BC74F99B83B3DADB503BDD0BE88733" italics="true">A. gramineus var. macrospadiceus</emphasis>
Yamam.
</taxonomicName>
to species level.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8A76EB1ABC75ACC04B1D33FD6733DFB8">
According to the key to the species of
<taxonomicName id="6E349A988E77855928A83CDD425F57B9" class="Liliopsida" family="Acoraceae" genus="Acorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Acorales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D62E52A1E77C92631CFC519964A68658" italics="true">Acorus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occurring in
<collectingCountry id="0A91ECDFA80EB409C787193C0D5CD0C4" name="China">China</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="17D2D2F08F72AA6B7228013608315170" author="Li" firstAuthor="Li" issue="2" journalOrPublisher="Science Press, Beijing" pagination="4-9" refId="B12" refString="Li H (1979) Araceae. Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae. Science Press, Beijing 13 (2): 4–9. [The Chinese edition of Flora of China]" title="Araceae. Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae." volume="13" year="1979">Li 1979</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="9F9FA76EB5D48CD67A8B148A7C2A9053" author="Li" editor="Wu ZY &amp; Raven PH &amp; Hong DY" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Li" journalOrPublisher="Louis" pagination="1-2" refId="B13" refString="Li H, Zhu GH, Bogner J (2010) Acoraceae. In: Wu ZY, Raven PH, Hong DY (Eds) Flora of China. Science Press, Beijing, and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis 23: 1–2." title="Acoraceae." volume="23" volumeTitle="Flora of China. Science Press, Beijing, and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St." year="2010">Li et al. 2010</bibRefCitation>
), the morphology of
<taxonomicName id="9B02EB4DD6869DEC246658D004D5E5F3" authorityName="C. L. Long &amp; Z. Cheng" authorityYear="2025" class="Liliopsida" family="Acoraceae" genus="Acorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Acorales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="shannai">
<emphasis id="BC9CC533E6A993539673F2A27BC81EEE" italics="true">A. shannai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is similar to “
<taxonomicName id="11ED674C868365777BE4F1F21FBB751B" class="Liliopsida" family="Acoraceae" genus="Acorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Acorales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tatarinowii">
<emphasis id="0069BC20E0F0536191AB5DD6EDC86681" italics="true">A. tatarinowii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” and
<taxonomicName id="779C65C0C2A45F51AEFD047213E5F75A" class="Liliopsida" family="Acoraceae" genus="Acorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Acorales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gramineus">
<emphasis id="CDA2075C33B10A8A4BC08C65F34C56F2" italics="true">A. gramineus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. However,
<taxonomicName id="B5C57C16D10FEA0E07B625772993A079" authorityName="C. L. Long &amp; Z. Cheng" authorityYear="2025" class="Liliopsida" family="Acoraceae" genus="Acorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Acorales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="shannai">
<emphasis id="68D1A489E9D5480B6F7E0AAA5F8CE028" italics="true">A. shannai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be distinguished by several features: the whole plant has a strong fennel odor, most of the fruits remain immature, and the leaf-shaped spathe is approximately 2–3 times longer than the spadix. A comparative summary of the characters among these three taxa is presented in Table
<tableCitation id="1CB4C2120DEAE461D575816B5C2DA318" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Comparative morphological traits of Acorus shannai, “ A. tatarinowii ”, and A. gramineus highlighting diagnostic features." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/83061123E6C30BF89F97C4FEA2BA0210" tableUuid="83061123E6C30BF89F97C4FEA2BA0210">1</tableCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="83061123E6C30BF89F97C4FEA2BA0210" ID-Table-UUID="83061123E6C30BF89F97C4FEA2BA0210" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/83061123E6C30BF89F97C4FEA2BA0210" startId="T1" targetIsTable="true">
<paragraph id="BC317CD0C2EBB6A8CB0FA7C96683B7AB">
<label id="47AA069D53B4D7BF075AF8BB064F0FAE">Table 1.</label>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1CAB8A5B26F4BC6EFDBE4C0323C86A48">
Comparative morphological traits of
<taxonomicName id="B924BC44B1DBBFDB418D5686F04C7040" authorityName="C. L. Long &amp; Z. Cheng" authorityYear="2025" class="Liliopsida" family="Acoraceae" genus="Acorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Acorales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="shannai">
<emphasis id="0CA9EA1DCA70ABE3926D352D08EE87B1" italics="true">Acorus shannai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, “
<taxonomicName id="BC355DAFEDC379A6E564A9BB781CB4B1" class="Liliopsida" family="Acoraceae" genus="Acorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Acorales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tatarinowii">
<emphasis id="1121697069F91F813D6AB8E87C825C10" italics="true">A. tatarinowii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
”, and
<taxonomicName id="208E232DCB0F7A151F81F654F6CB62BF" class="Liliopsida" family="Acoraceae" genus="Acorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Acorales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gramineus">
<emphasis id="62EBA32DED33E05FCF28AA1402C8B3FD" italics="true">A. gramineus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
highlighting diagnostic features.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="728D9FF5CED5D86F25CA7F0BD9A58228">
<table id="TID0EFNBG" rules="all">
<tbody id="0ED282CDAB1D879ECAA1C98135C08153">
<tr id="9E5686301F2E4AB74916EDCF8CC01E87">
<th id="6E462229B0FF289E3C89750FE2099CCE" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Characters</th>
<th id="DF3BFB1590A52FEDB5029F0D03AD5BF8" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName id="F589FC68DB83C171484C8E50397D93F8" authorityName="C. L. Long &amp; Z. Cheng" authorityYear="2025" class="Liliopsida" family="Acoraceae" genus="Acorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Acorales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="shannai">
<emphasis id="828623E9E96A29F52664853B1AE59DA0" italics="true">A. shannai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="883D5987CD42DF2447A3540AB11C7C49" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
“
<taxonomicName id="DC8C098BD8E3A40EE82FC1DB1D405347" class="Liliopsida" family="Acoraceae" genus="Acorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Acorales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tatarinowii">
<emphasis id="20FA72188DDBAACA0CD918E7A20EF55E" italics="true">A. tatarinowii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
”
</th>
<taxonomicName id="B2570874F9CA9AF60B6C75FEA072F402" authority="Whole" authorityName="Whole" class="Liliopsida" family="Acoraceae" genus="Acorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Acorales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gramineus">
<th id="892314523EB2976A7FE04D95283E7124" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
<emphasis id="C96930EA5ED57775ABC78CB0A04B0716" italics="true">A. gramineus</emphasis>
</th>
<tr id="EDCD0F04B081D50C259B450696A717CD">
<td id="60A51C46B3DD38D7B4C1F7005B0DDCC1" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Whole plant</td>
<td id="4E193464F3844A50646357D3A3CBDB0F" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Leaves drooping</td>
<td id="C6338DC496E3CEB5A779BB83F36D2347" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Leaves upright</td>
<td id="41E46B202EAA4FC7D5A8FC297AD5C2FA" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Leaves upright</td>
</tr>
</taxonomicName>
</tr>
<tr id="346FB7B21DE336A091C41B6995179C32">
<td id="CB044ADD1FE57AC16F672CD650A9F68B" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Rhizome</td>
<td id="126667C79117E82BEECE22EF4365375E" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Dark green, 8–20 × 0.7–1.2 cm.</td>
<td id="145A222DA7C9914001D05C44BC2DF99F" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Green, 5–15 × 0.5–1 cm.</td>
<td id="AAAADDBE956C8B463FEDDA2CD23AE6FF" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Dark green, 3–8 × 0.4–0.6 cm.</td>
</tr>
<tr id="D4A3EBAB026DD94C47442F3E86FF8E51">
<td id="54CDE34C53ECF0C997D3CF765C66D604" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Leaf blade</td>
<td id="89CE842A59A828C5A0AD163F68AEC3BE" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Wide, 30–60 × 0.7–1.5 cm</td>
<td id="15A284DE3990F771756579953CFFDE82" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Wide, 20–50 × 0.7–1.3 cm</td>
<td id="C9544862A4756155C724FF6F7BD979DD" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Narrow, 20–30 × &lt;0.7 cm</td>
</tr>
<tr id="DC3A692AD43BFA98187FFADD2DB178F9">
<td id="40173CEC8714422698FA121CD27E5E8D" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Sheath</td>
<td id="88246EB4A118488EEE846D1753E29773" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Purple</td>
<td id="E3C66F15261CD336F852E5A24D63597A" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Green</td>
<td id="CB7D3F58AF440D6F588D826831CEE786" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Green</td>
</tr>
<tr id="8C72DB1003C448005E0CAC47ACA8AB3E">
<td id="7BF251BCC298263773D79461589CE473" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Peduncle</td>
<td id="5796E9FC4B10941E3D25856B7F3CC457" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8–25 cm</td>
<td id="FC79D557616F5D4461B91AC565B28471" colspan="1" rowspan="1">4–15 cm</td>
<td id="6CB582D9F551ACED644D4DF5D487EA72" colspan="1" rowspan="1">2.5–9 (15) cm</td>
</tr>
<tr id="DDA4D3E147413CDDC4A6DE4673EBEFD7">
<td id="78F1BA667E92FA004EBF9AB07FF43F44" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Spadix</td>
<td id="23160D18086F94438DA228AC671B569A" colspan="1" rowspan="1">5–13 cm</td>
<td id="29E7374B67D727878B29F5B8E75E45D1" colspan="1" rowspan="1">(2.5) 4–6.5 (8.5) cm</td>
<td id="D787A3A44ED04EBBAE83B189D4044E32" colspan="1" rowspan="1">3–9.5 cm</td>
</tr>
<tr id="20C67EEEE94DBDED02ABAA99DBBCBE4B">
<td id="6F36268881CC9C4C91A8E1467B49485A" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Spathe</td>
<td id="B9EF10A1DEC5930B1C3FCA14C8A3268B" colspan="1" rowspan="1">10–41 cm</td>
<td id="2171ED6E232E7D0CF945C33FE37AE7D5" colspan="1" rowspan="1">13–25 cm</td>
<td id="7C86BD1D5882AA2002EBCC31F8A0DBDE" colspan="1" rowspan="1">3–9 (14) cm</td>
</tr>
<tr id="E891387B6DBC0FAC33518CB0FEA007A3">
<td id="7F46BA47FD1FB9D916A6C4265DD57B4E" colspan="1" rowspan="1">The length ratio of spadix vs spathe</td>
<td id="31D1A74433CF5C235B006931B85980F9" colspan="1" rowspan="1">ca. 2–3 times</td>
<td id="2DCE526DCB6270BC73DE706F8C06ACE7" colspan="1" rowspan="1">More than 3 times</td>
<td id="7D1CEDD811B5725291B569000C0B56EF" colspan="1" rowspan="1">ca. 1–3 times</td>
</tr>
<tr id="A1FCF0C83FADE1B3D8C4D951DF95F0B6">
<td id="3C73D81F09FAF2A5357891A723F8EC4A" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Infructescence</td>
<td id="8E31D0F14B62C6C536B7069ED598F19E" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Yellow</td>
<td id="1F1C83AD2D3C660D8C1E35CE6485084D" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Green</td>
<td id="0D90BD0EAF59CDF5C566E008C0764BD1" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Green</td>
</tr>
<tr id="91BB5C40A437C7D8117DA5B2B025268A">
<td id="5D179FE080345112E4C7FEC75875D4B4" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Fruit</td>
<td id="06FCD2FD0351A3908679CB87F1C730E7" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Most of the fruits kept immature, fruit with distinct dorsal sutures</td>
<td id="28DD3A9EBB5433A38F8C5C86F21CE514" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Most of the fruits were mature, fruit without distinct dorsal sutures</td>
<td id="371181D8CB0599CAB38569248A835B95" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Most of the fruits were mature, fruit without distinct dorsal sutures</td>
</tr>
<tr id="7C733E730953D9F95E08769701098063">
<td id="70EA691A535B9BF8B42C3717CFAAB975" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Smell</td>
<td id="34E642392D1B1711EDE5EF66E07952AD" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Strong fennel aroma</td>
<td id="BC4897270298E0DA6BCA1466ED2B8FE4" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Aromatic</td>
<td id="6630BCCC1935624D9DFAB7AFFBD71364" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Aromatic</td>
</tr>
<tr id="B9D7AF21044C8FA78156DF8DA7BF8A8A">
<td id="760EA884555C0E03528BE39C963B0D39" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Habitat</td>
<td id="17D5BCFEC5546B0D79D8701B82529A6E" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Growing on mountain slopes with moist soil or brook banks; &lt;1,500 m</td>
<td id="7703266B1D0AA426FE7D5FC64BCE13E3" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Growing on rocks or rocky banks of brooks with fast-flowing water; alt. &lt;2,600 m</td>
<td id="1A79C48C804CF2229C76D597931739B0" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Growing in forests or on stream banks; &lt;1,800 m</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B481768EAE72E5F96EB7AA3D7EA971E9">
From a geographical distribution perspective, “
<taxonomicName id="9FF1F962F204DFE817DD5FB716E7F314" class="Liliopsida" family="Acoraceae" genus="Acorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Acorales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tatarinowii">
<emphasis id="F77DAAC0E5F45B02F983C5996080420D" italics="true">A. tatarinowii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” and
<taxonomicName id="27DBB3AB8054025750E34943C59FBAE0" class="Liliopsida" family="Acoraceae" genus="Acorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Acorales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gramineus">
<emphasis id="FB5FF549280F00C5B775848CEB99EBD6" italics="true">A. gramineus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are distributed in southern
<collectingCountry id="EF3BB3CB6AC239A028052286C9C918C5" name="China">China</collectingCountry>
, whereas
<taxonomicName id="BAA61F73E9B8F3D39725EA1F83B912B6" authorityName="C. L. Long &amp; Z. Cheng" authorityYear="2025" class="Liliopsida" family="Acoraceae" genus="Acorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Acorales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="shannai">
<emphasis id="68AE5EF15F009715E97A93FFC7C0B88B" italics="true">A. shannai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is limited to a few provinces, with east
<collectingRegion id="03C8165D49E09BA476F2C4FFE729FCF8" country="China" name="Guizhou">Guizhou</collectingRegion>
serving as its distribution center. The ecological habits of these species differ significantly. “
<taxonomicName id="9CFB8F514CAD12CA8BE9B4BD6D1DE958" class="Liliopsida" family="Acoraceae" genus="Acorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Acorales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tatarinowii">
<emphasis id="A4215CB691D999E8BA54B98E0B4B03DF" italics="true">A. tatarinowii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” is an aquatic plant, while
<taxonomicName id="FC6F2A16A33ADE36D45453F4466F4EF1" class="Liliopsida" family="Acoraceae" genus="Acorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Acorales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gramineus">
<emphasis id="9160AE60C8E2BF0EB7B869DEC93EA8CE" italics="true">A. gramineus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="B10F3BD78D6624F86A9773196785779B" authorityName="C. L. Long &amp; Z. Cheng" authorityYear="2025" class="Liliopsida" family="Acoraceae" genus="Acorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Acorales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="shannai">
<emphasis id="1A98F02D53FC35F7BE52F22A27331E45" italics="true">A. shannai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are terrestrial taxa. “
<taxonomicName id="3AFA24186CD05B467CEE4106AF0BE328" class="Liliopsida" family="Acoraceae" genus="Acorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Acorales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tatarinowii">
<emphasis id="FCB95A6D4124DA8E147957585D1622EE" italics="true">A. tatarinowii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” is an epiphytic plant on rocks and in fast-flowing brooks.
<taxonomicName id="7770CEC045CDF03101334A7E7A30A95F" class="Liliopsida" family="Acoraceae" genus="Acorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Acorales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gramineus">
<emphasis id="C653E0E3E94D582A17FD7FFD3A1F465B" italics="true">A. gramineus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
grows in drier soil with lower humidity, and
<taxonomicName id="BF3FFADC6E47343672B385A995A040BF" class="Liliopsida" family="Acoraceae" genus="Acorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Acorales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macrospadiceus">
<emphasis id="41B12209E383C3CCC82CB89287E5FBCA" italics="true">A. macrospadiceus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
grows in moist soil with higher humidity (
<bibRefCitation id="F8A0DB4DB0D20DAF52055BE14E93A53D" DOI="10.3389/fpls.2020.00965" author="Cheng" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Cheng" refId="B1" refString="Cheng Z, Shu H, Zhang S, Luo BS, Gu RH, Zhang RF, Ji YY, Li FF, Long CL (2020) From folk taxonomy to species confirmation of Acorus (Acoraceae): Evidences based on phylogenetic and metabolomic analyses. Frontiers in Plant Science 11: 965. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2020.00965" year="2020">Cheng et al. 2020</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="90BE70E54835F97FD49084BB7F10B4CE">
Our previous research demonstrated that the volatile oil extracted from both the rhizomes and leaves of
<taxonomicName id="F9B091662A52EF3CD1C7DC72D50F5841" class="Liliopsida" family="Acoraceae" genus="Acorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Acorales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macrospadiceus">
<emphasis id="EBBD7A09895AF56A00F4F0B222F02037" italics="true">A. macrospadiceus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
primarily contains estragole,
<emphasis id="1C03B85E759AF3E5384DC86343A635E4" italics="true">β</emphasis>
- caryophyllene, trans-anethole,
<emphasis id="C105EEC7A731CE102B158A5F1C90EFE2" italics="true">β</emphasis>
- elemene, and endo-borneol, and estragole is the main component (
<bibRefCitation id="3C7F4E61A4F1CE2312811C2A6253233F" DOI="10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20180119.001" author="Shu H &amp; Morcol T &amp; Zheng J &amp; Zhao L &amp; Kennelly EJ &amp; Long CL" journalOrPublisher="China Journal Chinese Materia Medica" pagination="1774-1779" refId="B17" refString="Shu H, Morcol T, Zheng J, Zhao L, Kennelly EJ, Long CL (2018 b) Studies on volatile oils compounds of Acorus macrospadiceus based on GC-MS, an ethnomedicinal and food plant used by local people in southwest China. China Journal Chinese Materia Medica 43: 1774–1779. https://doi.org/10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20180119.001" title="Studies on volatile oils compounds of Acorus macrospadiceus based on GC-MS, an ethnomedicinal and food plant used by local people in southwest China." volume="43">Shu et al. 2018 b</bibRefCitation>
). In contrast, it has been reported that the main volatile components of “
<taxonomicName id="F5FB3BE0934265995377D1C4F86295DE" class="Liliopsida" family="Acoraceae" genus="Acorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Acorales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tatarinowii">
<emphasis id="684A0726A5067128E81B569469C56A4B" italics="true">A. tatarinowii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” were α-asarone,
<emphasis id="A309C94829E77C06AE8359D048B025F1" italics="true">β</emphasis>
- asarone, and γ-asarone through GC-MS analysis, with
<emphasis id="D4981B3D3F18E5FB96A83ED79CC05218" italics="true">β</emphasis>
- asarone being presented in the highest quantities (
<bibRefCitation id="5C7F87BFACD221603A80D6C7EA51A457" DOI="10.1055/s-0035-1545694" author="Jaiswal" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Jaiswal" issue="4" journalOrPublisher="Planta Medica" pagination="333-341" refId="B9" refString="Jaiswal Y, Liang Z, Ho A, Chen H, Zhao Z (2015) Metabolite profiling of tissues of Acorus calamus and Acorus tatarinowii rhizomes by using LMD, UHPLC-QTOF MS, and GC-MS. Planta Medica 81 (4): 333–341. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0035-1545694" title="Metabolite profiling of tissues of Acorus calamus and Acorus tatarinowii rhizomes by using LMD, UHPLC-QTOF MS, and GC-MS." volume="81" year="2015">Jaiswal et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4C076D0B020CB886833C465BBC853E32">
In terms of traditional uses, “
<taxonomicName id="F56C2B7FAA585F72E94529E89EEF11A5" class="Liliopsida" family="Acoraceae" genus="Acorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Acorales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tatarinowii">
<emphasis id="46E642940DDE420CCA5CD51C4C9FAFE4" italics="true">A. tatarinowii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” has widely been used as herbal medicine for multiple medicinal purposes in
<collectingCountry id="B354B3376AA600BD00E4E42BF2729B07" name="China">China</collectingCountry>
for more than 2,000 years, particularly for treating central nervous system diseases. It has been included in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia since its first edition as a foundational plant in traditional Chinese medicine known as
<emphasis id="57872A02147BB5E993216F6C81E5ADF8" italics="true">Shichangpu</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="8D71623DF7EFB68F82C2573A0768A5A0" class="Liliopsida" family="Acoraceae" genus="Acorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Acorales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gramineus">
<emphasis id="D8BAA7EFE8F0B7292AB6317504318E89" italics="true">A. gramineus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is often used in creating miniascapes because of its unique aroma and ornamental value. Meanwhile,
<taxonomicName id="2E6D2F02923E628D2C54D25F31050A1D" authorityName="C. L. Long &amp; Z. Cheng" authorityYear="2025" class="Liliopsida" family="Acoraceae" genus="Acorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Acorales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="shannai">
<emphasis id="93C66BDC0C21D67B1B9628F2EC4ED14D" italics="true">Acorus shannai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
serves as a common seasoning in dishes featuring Artiodactyla or fish in southern
<collectingCountry id="5E932885BB9CC569AC2D53BDE00BFA81" name="China">China</collectingCountry>
, especially in markets of
<collectingRegion id="CE732979DA077E2741CE0EF14EFC2C55" country="China" name="Guizhou">Guizhou</collectingRegion>
and
<collectingRegion id="BFE9840BA3E5B1570197C653008FEC41" country="China" name="Guangxi">Guangxi</collectingRegion>
, southern
<collectingRegion id="53370F4218D9B9D15D5AC0372B902E38" country="China" name="Yunnan">Yunnan</collectingRegion>
, western
<collectingRegion id="306C911F84D2E0FE61AD01AFB45F7AA2" country="China" name="Hubei">Hubei</collectingRegion>
and
<collectingRegion id="C975C6AE02524672612E6BEFAAF3C547" country="China" name="Hunan">Hunan</collectingRegion>
. Local ethnic groups and Han Chinese have also removed wild populations of
<taxonomicName id="5A397E5B30C15D86300039FFC0925ECD" authorityName="C. L. Long &amp; Z. Cheng" authorityYear="2025" class="Liliopsida" family="Acoraceae" genus="Acorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Acorales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="shannai">
<emphasis id="ED89EC207C1AAE8A55949E75F0460BAE" italics="true">A. shannai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to their gardens for easier access.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E199E4B63E78F47B8312E238DD89B652">
The local herbal traders often purchase and sell
<taxonomicName id="850818A81276AE3F370460C46069E5BC" authorityName="C. L. Long &amp; Z. Cheng" authorityYear="2025" class="Liliopsida" family="Acoraceae" genus="Acorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Acorales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="shannai">
<emphasis id="064D19DCA3298AF735C9D30D6F6144F1" italics="true">A. shannai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in large quantities, mistakenly labeling it as “
<taxonomicName id="8B7539C2396A32ED169BFF83A5F57EBA" class="Liliopsida" family="Acoraceae" genus="Acorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Acorales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tatarinowii">
<emphasis id="8BB16EDABE568DE76F9CD6335D8B128C" italics="true">A. tatarinowii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
”, which may lead to overharvesting. More importantly, due to the varying chemical compositions among different species, the misuse or abuse of the wrong
<taxonomicName id="815F9FA9F3C42EC60012963A1DB6726C">
<emphasis id="63A07E5843C3E9F758958F6FF2DF598E" italics="true">Acorus</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
could pose a threat to clinical safety.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9C271FA4D8D3CC55829047EF84335439">
The formal recognition of
<taxonomicName id="E1E1B86521D11DA8CFCD1C8A3C1507B5" authorityName="C. L. Long &amp; Z. Cheng" authorityYear="2025" class="Liliopsida" family="Acoraceae" genus="Acorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Acorales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="shannai">
<emphasis id="B764DB184DAC42C80EB947CD6CCE525A" italics="true">A. shannai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
contributes to the resolution of long-standing ambiguities within the
<taxonomicName id="16508F124918F62227D8B56B354BE365" class="Liliopsida" family="Acoraceae" genus="Acorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Acorales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gramineus">
<emphasis id="5AB30FC852C2EE937E7F1E486B19C90F" italics="true">A. gramineus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group and highlights the importance of integrating morphological and genomic approaches in plant taxonomy.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EY1AG" type="Preliminary conservation status">
<paragraph id="8C783253DBAA84A539E8F8E8736E7BAA">
<heading id="BBAFC9DBB3267A8BE3BD79415FD8CEB3" reason="title">Preliminary conservation status.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D8D75E58FE0CD7F1C4E473DD340603EC">
<taxonomicName id="F7120D710A0B0BA360F2B680FF2FDE56" authorityName="C. L. Long &amp; Z. Cheng" authorityYear="2025" class="Liliopsida" family="Acoraceae" genus="Acorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Acorales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="shannai">
<emphasis id="A8847B217474D7C0C3D37E57E0F2B47B" italics="true">Acorus shannai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is commonly used as a seasoning in southern
<collectingCountry id="2FA2445C036A4E55D4813EE0DC962E92" name="China">China</collectingCountry>
, particularly in regions such as
<collectingRegion id="855E149C920F1D312BE314DCA8FCEC25" country="China" name="Guizhou">Guizhou</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="E3F77A34967F596E84DE79A3FFFE036F" country="China" name="Chongqing">Chongqing</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="3F1E174AC145709EF63F00D8DA799201" country="China" name="Guangxi">Guangxi</collectingRegion>
, and the surrounding areas. It is commonly found in local markets and is favored for its aromatic properties in culinary applications, especially in meat and fish dishes. However, numerous specimens recorded of this plant in various herbariums indicate a significant interest in its botanical classification. Research indicates that most
<taxonomicName id="CA77F98CB2FBCD1DED9BF51906A20274" authorityName="C. L. Long &amp; Z. Cheng" authorityYear="2025" class="Liliopsida" family="Acoraceae" genus="Acorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Acorales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="shannai">
<emphasis id="EA80474E8FA168B6BA85AF1F67B92A4B" italics="true">A. shannai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
resources are derived from cultivation rather than wild populations, which appear to be limited. Without comprehensive biogeographical studies,
<taxonomicName id="638A68650EBD686F15E1B37E481E38E1" authorityName="C. L. Long &amp; Z. Cheng" authorityYear="2025" class="Liliopsida" family="Acoraceae" genus="Acorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Acorales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="shannai">
<emphasis id="C9FD96A50B48A624DBD2717DE8739C0A" italics="true">A.</emphasis>
shannai
</taxonomicName>
may be classified as “ data deficient ” (DD) according to IUCN criteria. This classification arises from insufficient information to assess its risk of extinction based on distribution and population status (
<bibRefCitation id="E51FF16CE1E7959488089FF60C103913" refId="B7" refString="IUCN (2024) Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 16. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Committee. https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/redlistguidelines [Accessed 9 th November 2024]" url="https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/redlistguidelines" year="2024">IUCN 2024</bibRefCitation>
). Moreover, the unclear taxonomic status of
<taxonomicName id="86EBA21AC58F6F09CC4424FC0581E594" authorityName="C. L. Long &amp; Z. Cheng" authorityYear="2025" class="Liliopsida" family="Acoraceae" genus="Acorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Acorales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="shannai">
<emphasis id="F9ABE1797E108AC3F5FBED083F6FA8A7" italics="true">A. shannai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
leads to confusion in the marketplace, where it is often sold under the name “
<taxonomicName id="510D7724DE6BFE23DFFC992787F9748E" class="Liliopsida" family="Acoraceae" genus="Acorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Acorales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tatarinowii">
<emphasis id="45E6661A6F781A57850A49CD553966B6" italics="true">A. tatarinowii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
”. This misidentification poses risks not only to drug safety but also threatens the sustainable use of
<taxonomicName id="0386F6C867CBE0239019E019DB04D66B" authorityName="C. L. Long &amp; Z. Cheng" authorityYear="2025" class="Liliopsida" family="Acoraceae" genus="Acorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Acorales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="shannai">
<emphasis id="40585BF03A3EF776ABEAE80D39CEBFBE" italics="true">A. shannai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
populations. The distinction between these two species is crucial as they are perceived differently by local communities; while they share morphological similarities, locals differentiate them based on their aroma and habitat preferences. Given the reliance on cultivated populations for culinary use and the limited distribution of wild populations, targeted conservation strategies, such as habitat protection and propagation, are critical for sustainable utilization.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EI4AG" type="material">
<paragraph id="EE9ADA5A737D2147C57038ABACFB0ACE">
<heading id="D5A9ABAF326DEDD5B0F00A3E1AD1DF49" reason="title">
Additional
<taxonomicName id="AEF6026C523A764DBAA6DCED48D205DE" authorityName="C. L. Long &amp; Z. Cheng" authorityYear="2025" class="Liliopsida" family="Acoraceae" genus="Acorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Acorales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="shannai">
<emphasis id="4462DE7E25776CC6DABEDB5EC1C2929E" italics="true">A. shannai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimens examined (
<typeStatus id="830633CD4BB1A5D1DAD71AB25F707B29" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
).
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4BA0DA69CACCDB007655B2378C88EE0E">
<taxonomicName id="86BA2CC0DEDEFE3879145E5C96E4BC6B" authorityName="C. L. Long &amp; Z. Cheng" authorityYear="2025" class="Liliopsida" family="Acoraceae" genus="Acorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Acorales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="shannai">
<emphasis id="468DB5F335B0C1023D9E72D43052DCD3" italics="true">Acorus shannai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
–
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,
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<specimenCode id="555F7E19AC9406998CFA8348064DE092" collectionCode="HXCP">HXCP 031</specimenCode>
(
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, 5 duplicates)
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•
<materialsCitation id="F47813ABBBD3F56CAE6F07C36636A73A" collectingDate="2014-03-21" collectionCode="IBK" collectorName="Longsheng County census team" country="China" county="Longsheng County" location="Longsheng County" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Guangxi">
<collectingRegion id="BCC7685DF72BC31CD4920C596A70810A" country="China" name="Guangxi">Guangxi</collectingRegion>
:
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,
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<collectingDate id="BDE6AA893813A9ADA4BBDB10584A15E3" value="2014-03-21">21 March 2014</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="C69E27746FB75FFAB68834847F8DDEA1">Longsheng County census team</collectorName>
, 450328140321050 LY (
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<collectionCode id="61B6AF4E95281F41CD3D9DE5E63A9BEA" country="China" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13150" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13150" name="Guangxi Institute of Botany" type="Herbarium">IBK</collectionCode>
</named-content>
)
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•
<materialsCitation id="F8089573BD697ED185241CB9E0F12D91" collectingDate="1984-04-10" collectionCode="PE" collectorName="F. N. Wei" country="China" county="Longsheng County" location="Longsheng County" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Guangxi">
<collectingCounty id="C48067BA3F61E45C30D4CABA9570660E">Longsheng County</collectingCounty>
,
<date id="9DDEEB8295993B685A1A4EA58EDB3D04" value="1984-04-10">
<collectingDate id="2D485576CE30C167A997F2ACA3729A00" value="1984-04-10">10 April 1984</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="3D3485A889E5C110E802273C82AAA8CF">F. N. Wei</collectorName>
01713133 (
<named-content id="E6888A7F5C74D9149C24E2C660EEAE24" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/institute-botany-chinese-academy-sciences" xlink_title="Chinese Academy of Sciences">
<collectionCode id="D68E877A4FF6F9205BBACF9302505182" country="China" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15858" name="Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences" type="Herbarium">PE</collectionCode>
</named-content>
)
</materialsCitation>
•
<materialsCitation id="85018B1983609AF7FB70D6CA8EF212B2" collectingDate="1958-06-09" collectionCode="IBK" collectorName="Y. K. Li" country="China" county="Jinxiu Yao Autonomous County" location="Jinxiu Yao Autonomous County" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Guangxi">
<collectingCounty id="81F4A08913C14B1FEC0F806DF3D582B4">Jinxiu Yao Autonomous County</collectingCounty>
,
<date id="45B009E0E9B00CDC427C6BA363718BC9" value="1958-06-09">
<collectingDate id="81C324B5468E8B945166A5AA5511CA1B" value="1958-06-09">9 June 1958</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="E514B3EC39B6218C0AD80707812C0931">Y. K. Li</collectorName>
00141407 (
<named-content id="78F8D6587F8D9681377D5DCB3071E0A9" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/guangxi-institute-botany" xlink_title="Guangxi Institute of Botany">
<collectionCode id="3FA20922F1FE53DE211089C3A914455F" country="China" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13150" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13150" name="Guangxi Institute of Botany" type="Herbarium">IBK</collectionCode>
</named-content>
)
</materialsCitation>
•
<materialsCitation id="1E824449FCBC24099A7AAD6D4C474BAE" collectingDate="1958-05-19" collectionCode="IBK" collectorName="X. G. Li" country="China" county="Fengshun County" location="Fengshun County" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Guangdong">
<collectingRegion id="FF99D85157E16CAC6FC1B97254EF5883" country="China" name="Guangdong">Guangdong</collectingRegion>
:
<collectingCounty id="6BC982EDBDF77501418AA72DE4445E9F">Fengshun County</collectingCounty>
,
<date id="BBF4857AD3F45FBFEB14ECB254A2FD33" value="1958-05-19">
<collectingDate id="A892EC6313DBCB942600A24ECEDEEEB6" value="1958-05-19">19 May 1958</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="2544BD608EAD4C4755A8C96DAB1D3300">X. G. Li</collectorName>
00141420 (
<named-content id="FDD53E5B97A75E2E1E82FB0D6E29AE26" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/guangxi-institute-botany" xlink_title="Guangxi Institute of Botany">
<collectionCode id="66A225DBD5D8CD022B6E22CC8E7098A0" country="China" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13150" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13150" name="Guangxi Institute of Botany" type="Herbarium">IBK</collectionCode>
</named-content>
)
</materialsCitation>
•
<materialsCitation id="6DCF21C686F72E8049D8DA740D863A20" collectingDate="1944-04-10" collectionCode="IBK" collectorName="B. H. Liang" country="China" location="Nanyue District" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Hunan">
<collectingRegion id="A61479FC09C457A09A1E469EFDEDA600" country="China" name="Hunan">Hunan</collectingRegion>
:
<location id="86E848A5750038D42329426732721EE2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C2A34EBEE7005F18812E08D6F9B48F4F:86E848A5750038D42329426732721EE2" country="China" name="Nanyue District" stateProvince="Hunan">Nanyue District</location>
,
<date id="915E85ED9350080855EA3FF19A21464E" value="1944-04-10">
<collectingDate id="73B8DAEF067F1D3906BE4EAD0F267955" value="1944-04-10">10 April 1944</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="2E70DFD7A8B866379339AC95858174CF">B. H. Liang</collectorName>
00141422 (
<named-content id="C8309BEAD74F5257D5C1349B0FE080F6" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/guangxi-institute-botany" xlink_title="Guangxi Institute of Botany">
<collectionCode id="2A24E512EA18FCE668F75979539CB4A1" country="China" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13150" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13150" name="Guangxi Institute of Botany" type="Herbarium">IBK</collectionCode>
</named-content>
)
</materialsCitation>
•
<materialsCitation id="773F47701538AEBA58C67B96B60A91FE" collectingDate="2015-05-16" collectionCode="JIU" collectorName="D. G. Zhang" country="China" county="Chengbu County" location="Chengbu County" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Hunan">
<collectingCounty id="55D81E2E78CDD06AB96FF9ECFEDAB730">Chengbu County</collectingCounty>
,
<date id="3D9AD8AF8ED50C16534C676C5E1080A6" value="2015-05-16">
<collectingDate id="F0908D9CC3C95988E2A6A97706B45CE0" value="2015-05-16">16 May 2015</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="7F473E3ED3F99E48DF9A2B877326BDB8">D. G. Zhang</collectorName>
et al. CB 20150516 _ GT 0151 (
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<collectionCode id="24EB16DB279CF8BCF76350654A3E575A" country="China" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13402" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13402" name="Jishou University" type="Herbarium">JIU</collectionCode>
</named-content>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>