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<mods:title>Notes on spotted-elytron species of Gallerucida Motschulsky with the description of six new species from China (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:title id="C3D2DF46848CD57C855C03A2E0012C75">Notes on spotted-elytron species of Gallerucida Motschulsky with the description of six new species from China (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart>Xu, Si-yuan</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China &amp; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19 (A) Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100049, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart>Nie, Rui-E</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China &amp; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of the Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resources, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart>Yang, Xing-ke</mods:namePart>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 2228" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 22 - 28. Gallerucida octodecimpunctata sp. nov. 22 dorsal view (paratype) 23 ventral view (paratype) 24 lateral view (paratype) 25 ventral view of 5 th ventrite, male (paratype) 26 aedeagus, dorsal view (holotype) 27 ditto, lateral view (holotype) 28 ditto, ventral view (holotype). Scale bars: 5 mm (22 - 24); 1 mm (25 - 28)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1116.85987.figures22-28" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/723111" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">Figs 22-28</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="A4269B2EB9277D049C9410EB83F2B3E7" captionStart="Figures 2228" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 22 - 28. Gallerucida octodecimpunctata sp. nov. 22 dorsal view (paratype) 23 ventral view (paratype) 24 lateral view (paratype) 25 ventral view of 5 th ventrite, male (paratype) 26 aedeagus, dorsal view (holotype) 27 ditto, lateral view (holotype) 28 ditto, ventral view (holotype). Scale bars: 5 mm (22 - 24); 1 mm (25 - 28)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1116.85987.figures22-28" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/723111" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">Figs 22-28</figureCitation>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="33">Type material.</paragraph>
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">Holotype</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="44D3BA21179D874A2EDCAD0D4351316F" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">Type material.</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="64A1BD9F0ABFCDCEBC049D0C00079C5A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">Holotype</emphasis>
.
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China: ♂, Yunnan, Xishuangbanna, Menglun / 550 m // 15-VII-1959 / Fa-Cai Zhang, leg. (IZAS).
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">Paratype</emphasis>
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China: 1♂, Yunnan, Yiwuzhen / 650 m // 26-VII-1956 / Fa-Cai Zhang leg. (IZAS)
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="33">Description.</paragraph>
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">Holotype</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="BF0DDF0B5E6C5CD19333BDA6CC5BC7C7" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">Description.</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="8F6ECCCE032213F56CD2A92677B1449F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">Holotype</emphasis>
.
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Length 7.0 mm, width 4.0 mm.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">Male</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="6F0E7E56D99A5E5C00C1BE67007E3C7B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">Male</emphasis>
: Body oval. General color (Figs
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<figureCitation id="87A825D1A0AD5DB3519AF2DE74AB240A" captionStart="Figures 2228" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 22 - 28. Gallerucida octodecimpunctata sp. nov. 22 dorsal view (paratype) 23 ventral view (paratype) 24 lateral view (paratype) 25 ventral view of 5 th ventrite, male (paratype) 26 aedeagus, dorsal view (holotype) 27 ditto, lateral view (holotype) 28 ditto, ventral view (holotype). Scale bars: 5 mm (22 - 24); 1 mm (25 - 28)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1116.85987.figures22-28" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/723111" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">22-24</figureCitation>
) red; basal four segments of antennae orange, the rest brown; occiput with a black spot near anterior margin of pronotum; pronotum with four black spots: middle area of disc with two adjacent longitudinal black spots, each side with one round black spot, respectively; elytra with seven rounded black spots, distributed in four rows, arrangement for 2: 2: 2: 1, last one situated at apical area; middle area of epipleura black, rest red; meso - meta sternum black, anterior metasternal process dark red, ventral surface of each visible abdomen except the last one with two black spots; 1/2 of tibiae and tarsi black.
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Head distinctly narrower than prothorax, occiput concave, with faintly punctures; frontoclypeus surface smooth; frontal tubercle developed, square. Antennae shorter than 1/2 length of elytra, basal three segments moderately shiny, from 4th segment, covered with short pale hairs; length ratios of antennomeres I-V, 1.0: 0.4: 0.3: 1.2: 1.1, 3rd segment slightly shorter than 2nd segment in length, 5th -11th segments subequal, the last segment longest. Pronotum transverse, ~ 2.4
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<normalizedToken id="0AEDD0ED1F41201C55BB1E36776F7DA6" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as broad as long, lateral margin rounded, anterior margin concave, anterior corner indistinct, basal margin convex, disc area with uniformly distributed fine punctures, near lateral margin with shallow inclined depression. Anterior metasternal process reaching apex of mesocoxal cavities, surface smooth, apex square. Scutellum triangular, impunctate. Elytra subparallel-sided, 1.6
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as long as broad, disc slightly convex, disc with uniformly distributed fine punctures, space between punctures larger than the diameter of puncture. Last sternite of male with distinctly trilobite concavities (Fig.
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<figureCitation id="545F22B9CB50BA351FFF510AA569C2C9" captionStart="Figures 2228" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 22 - 28. Gallerucida octodecimpunctata sp. nov. 22 dorsal view (paratype) 23 ventral view (paratype) 24 lateral view (paratype) 25 ventral view of 5 th ventrite, male (paratype) 26 aedeagus, dorsal view (holotype) 27 ditto, lateral view (holotype) 28 ditto, ventral view (holotype). Scale bars: 5 mm (22 - 24); 1 mm (25 - 28)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1116.85987.figures22-28" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/723111" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">25</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">Figures 22-28.</emphasis>
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<caption id="2DF2252B24D01CF87C97662C3648F57A" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1116.85987.figures22-28" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/723111" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" start="Figures 2228" startId="F4">
<paragraph id="1B5D9E76FA6AB0C7394C4A6EBDAA49D7" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">
<emphasis id="285EFAE1F7DC306F2E8E74640ADB9F41" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">Figures 22-28.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4BF3AC7F6E0C6BDB1E12E022CE28FB29" authorityName="Xu &amp; Yang" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Gallerucida" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gallerucida octodecimpunctata" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="octodecimpunctata">
<emphasis id="F4A526B21D22863F563F1E19AE539E5A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">Gallerucida octodecimpunctata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">22</emphasis>
<emphasis id="4258BAFD6DB2B34C3BCE840629324FB9" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">22</emphasis>
dorsal view (paratype)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">23</emphasis>
<emphasis id="3D0463AF4B4AF4E2118C23E0F4A94E1F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">23</emphasis>
ventral view (paratype)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">24</emphasis>
<emphasis id="27ADA75E3E3BB8200668759BAB37E73C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">24</emphasis>
lateral view (paratype)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">25</emphasis>
<emphasis id="CAFCDC666BFD6B2A552352F9110E8A1E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">25</emphasis>
ventral view of 5th ventrite, male (paratype)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">26</emphasis>
<emphasis id="A4425BBFB08001A574C67EA7B585882D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">26</emphasis>
aedeagus, dorsal view (holotype)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">27</emphasis>
<emphasis id="F94BC110087D4D05B826E28F1960B059" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">27</emphasis>
ditto, lateral view (holotype)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">28</emphasis>
<emphasis id="18908B3FADC766E30CB4F16C7271C0F5" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">28</emphasis>
ditto, ventral view (holotype). Scale bars: 5 mm (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">22-24</emphasis>
<emphasis id="E3E57D06F529C7309C2CD0304AC5E41D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">22-24</emphasis>
); 1 mm (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">25-28</emphasis>
<emphasis id="C8C5D93CA49A563B2E012BFF14C244CE" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">25-28</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="33">
<paragraph id="B6C29AB2C7D608D1269CA9EDD0ECAD0B" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">
Aedeagus almost parallel-sided from base to apex in dorsal view, apex obtusely angled, slightly curved towards ventral side; internal sclerites (Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 2228" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 22 - 28. Gallerucida octodecimpunctata sp. nov. 22 dorsal view (paratype) 23 ventral view (paratype) 24 lateral view (paratype) 25 ventral view of 5 th ventrite, male (paratype) 26 aedeagus, dorsal view (holotype) 27 ditto, lateral view (holotype) 28 ditto, ventral view (holotype). Scale bars: 5 mm (22 - 24); 1 mm (25 - 28)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1116.85987.figures22-28" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/723111" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">26-28</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="79CA13F8009E5AF5EBCEADB40D2207BD" captionStart="Figures 2228" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 22 - 28. Gallerucida octodecimpunctata sp. nov. 22 dorsal view (paratype) 23 ventral view (paratype) 24 lateral view (paratype) 25 ventral view of 5 th ventrite, male (paratype) 26 aedeagus, dorsal view (holotype) 27 ditto, lateral view (holotype) 28 ditto, ventral view (holotype). Scale bars: 5 mm (22 - 24); 1 mm (25 - 28)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1116.85987.figures22-28" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/723111" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">26-28</figureCitation>
): median sclerite longitudinal, extending almost to apex of aedeagus, with apex enlarged; a pair of lateral longitudinal sclerites,
<normalizedToken originalValue="½">1/2</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="4CCA637EA14F63F9D2BCF21A686D40F0" originalValue="½">1/2</normalizedToken>
length of median sclerite, convergent apically.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="33" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="33">Derivatio nominis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="33">
<subSubSection id="1B4AF755EF2B4BF64707CD08D89F931F" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="9255A3C596A854E81733A552C3068AED" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">Derivatio nominis.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1858B7D690AA30B34554F1E7A04113A0" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">
The specific epithet
<taxonomicName authority="Motschoulsky, 1861" authorityName="Xu &amp; Yang" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Gallerucida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gallerucida octodecimpunctata" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="octodecimpunctata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">Gallerucida octodecimpunctata</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="31CD479042745BDE74C1DE51EB44EFF5" authorityName="Xu &amp; Yang" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Gallerucida" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gallerucida octodecimpunctata" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="octodecimpunctata">
<emphasis id="ED1557AE7A05334E7833B10B96083A72" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">Gallerucida octodecimpunctata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, comes from the Latin numeral,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">octodecim</emphasis>
<emphasis id="84534C61764966178FC18EC555DF599B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">octodecim</emphasis>
- (eighteen) and Latin adjective
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">punctata</emphasis>
<emphasis id="5D00A955A6E58ACE4877A8E483EEAC78" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">punctata</emphasis>
(spotted); it refers to eighteen black spots on the pronotum (4) and elytra (14).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="33" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="33">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="33">China: Guangxi.</paragraph>
<subSubSection id="109C703F126AB718B637769D0137CB34" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="41E1A7DDA87ACBEF1E8F65250E3FE7EF" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4A8CB65B5D498166F8538A8314933249" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">China: Guangxi.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="33" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="33">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="33">
<subSubSection id="359F22529D9E75374132257000D9D8AD" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="A4DE6CA301BD873B4AA5B8FA22837676" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4618A70879633629305874FE21B7433B" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">
This species is similar to
<taxonomicName authority="Motschoulsky, 1861" authorityName="new record" authorityYear="1861" baseAuthorityName="Duvivier" baseAuthorityYear="1885" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Gallerucida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gallerucida balyi" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="balyi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">Gallerucida balyi</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4ACA4DF817C0401186BC355126A720E6" authorityName="new record" baseAuthorityName="Duvivier" baseAuthorityYear="1885" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Gallerucida" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gallerucida balyi" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="balyi">
<emphasis id="D1E237A6A1FEF505935AECC54765C1F8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">Gallerucida balyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Duvivier), but
<taxonomicName genus="G." lsidName="G. octodecimpunctata" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rank="species" species="octodecimpunctata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">G. octodecimpunctata</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="DA3CEA2B4A4041E3AB81085F26CEC4E2" lsidName="G. octodecimpunctata" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rank="species" species="octodecimpunctata">
<emphasis id="468E007B4F05E531667508799C153374" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">G. octodecimpunctata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has brown antennae except the basal segments orange, red femora and black distal 1/2 of tibiae, while
<taxonomicName genus="G." lsidName="G. balyi" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rank="species" species="balyi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">G. balyi</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="2D89A4FA2EA854C36365D3C32300C7F2" lsidName="G. balyi" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rank="species" species="balyi">
<emphasis id="86DBA0B7A02C865DF91271916110F4B7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">G. balyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has antennae total yellowish brown and femora and tibiae yellow.
</paragraph>