From 6507cc6f8144efe960efb9fd3a319e8d314841a8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: ggserver Date: Fri, 29 Nov 2024 16:08:01 +0000 Subject: [PATCH] Add updates up until 2024-11-29 16:01:55 --- .../FF/1105FF74F45FC1CEA10BFC4EFFAF7789.xml | 83 +++-- .../1A/11AF1AF4106ABE7F6A77965EBD199F77.xml | 317 +++++++++--------- .../68/190B68ED6A0F103AB976CD6B83124DE6.xml | 141 ++++---- .../6C/1F3F6C4AF78F3BA6E00FEC9FBADB3DD4.xml | 87 +++-- .../E4/307FE40CA2BE508E54A356B3EBCC0604.xml | 143 ++++---- .../75/3390750FA17639723FFCFFED510C12A3.xml | 79 +++-- .../38/3B15380E778A84ADC7FA507BE25BD415.xml | 107 +++--- .../A4/3B96A4428353837B297E928492EDBCC0.xml | 105 +++--- .../C9/5243C97860DBA7F93120F54F7373EA67.xml | 101 +++--- .../2A/63E22A50F997F62C0A71DD541F13B3CC.xml | 167 +++++---- .../D1/663DD175FC7AF8D9FCA8E26BCA2F2293.xml | 115 ++++--- .../5E/68645E1B1DD03235223A7166B598896C.xml | 139 ++++---- .../80/792F80842F933DA05995D5ADD2C7FA83.xml | 105 +++--- .../19/7CD41933F37D7DF7465D1888648C9902.xml | 90 ++--- .../9C/851C9CAD7DC366E61EC8C7F85F895D59.xml | 109 +++--- .../37/921537B7FE6440C0D0257197555C7968.xml | 129 ++++--- .../E8/988FE8012237B665DFAE69A9DF5005A0.xml | 139 ++++---- .../89/993789CD322303FBAFF513B3D6CBD69B.xml | 71 ++-- .../66/9FAE6621EFD9C84256C67D1AB6A53028.xml | 127 ++++--- .../09/A74409E586BCB8F1C97397AB640B4211.xml | 77 +++-- .../A0/A8E7A04D6DFE9B80584CA1C524A3E927.xml | 146 ++++---- .../6B/AFE76B780CF23889F98B388EB9DD3ACC.xml | 131 ++++---- .../78/B1DF7892DB0294D6C01D9156CBF2B6E4.xml | 91 +++-- .../44/B7244444D4184F9DAF66028DE2BBE8F2.xml | 75 ++--- .../4A/C7224A3EB855171ECBB825557D02A9AA.xml | 141 ++++---- .../10/CCA71060EBB27D20220A13F7D910F7F1.xml | 109 +++--- .../90/D38C90B2D49EC868038ECE5627486CFA.xml | 125 ++++--- .../95/D42195211C845BB510BEABDBDE071FEB.xml | 83 +++-- .../90/D6D0901E633BF86723EFC58B90B2F3DF.xml | 115 ++++--- .../B7/E4D4B7AC47057728DF7899000FE2B228.xml | 113 ++++--- .../57/E5F3573C28D80A0C5688C7F677B31D01.xml | 131 ++++---- .../9E/F0A59E895E2BB347E37EBB83514097DE.xml | 85 +++-- .../F7/F43FF71F59FC2FCE014CF0D08C43B6CB.xml | 145 ++++---- .../6D/FAC46D1C50EE6DA16E91532F2AC2D0BE.xml | 121 ++++--- 34 files changed, 2006 insertions(+), 2036 deletions(-) diff --git a/data/11/05/FF/1105FF74F45FC1CEA10BFC4EFFAF7789.xml b/data/11/05/FF/1105FF74F45FC1CEA10BFC4EFFAF7789.xml index b47592812d9..42e1cda5e0c 100644 --- a/data/11/05/FF/1105FF74F45FC1CEA10BFC4EFFAF7789.xml +++ b/data/11/05/FF/1105FF74F45FC1CEA10BFC4EFFAF7789.xml @@ -1,69 +1,68 @@ - - - -A revision of the ant genus Octostruma Forel 1912 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) + + + +A revision of the ant genus Octostruma Forel 1912 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) - - -Author + + +Author -Longino, John T +Longino, John T -text - - -Zootaxa +text + + +Zootaxa - -2013 - -3699 + +2013 + +3699 - -1 -61 + +1 +61 -journal article -27552 -10.11646/zootaxa.3699.1.1 -65A19D30-8E7A-4073-B92B-9709F8384752 +journal article +27552 +10.11646/zootaxa.3699.1.1 - - - -Octostruma stenognatha Brown & Kempf + + + +Octostruma stenognatha Brown & Kempf , 1960 - -(Figs 1E, 3D, 42) + +(Figs 1E, 3D, 42) - - -Octostruma stenognatha Brown & Kempf + + +Octostruma stenognatha Brown & Kempf , 1960: 196, figs. 25, 28. Holotype worker: Brazil, -Sao +Sao Paulo, Agudos, 23 Jan 1955, in soil cover berlesate from very moist forest (W. W. Kempf, No. 1334) [MZSP] (not examined). Paratype workers, worker intercastes: same data as holotype; -Sao +Sao Paulo, Cantareira, 1 Mar 1959 (Kempf & Santos); Rio de Janeiro, Itatiaia (J. F. -Zikan +Zikan , Coll. Borgmeier); Santa Catarina, Nova Teutonia, 27° 11' S, 52° 23' W, Aug 1952 (F. Plaumann) [MCZC] (examined). Paratype queen not examined. - -Geographic range. Southern Brazil. + +Geographic range. Southern Brazil. - - + + Comments. - + Octostruma stenognatha -, O. batesi +, O. batesi , and -O. betschi +O. betschi are all similar in size and head shape and possibly form a clade. Although geographic coverage is poor, the known specimens form an allopatric or parapatric replacement series in South America. diff --git a/data/11/AF/1A/11AF1AF4106ABE7F6A77965EBD199F77.xml b/data/11/AF/1A/11AF1AF4106ABE7F6A77965EBD199F77.xml index 725ecd1dbfb..918ba095aa8 100644 --- a/data/11/AF/1A/11AF1AF4106ABE7F6A77965EBD199F77.xml +++ b/data/11/AF/1A/11AF1AF4106ABE7F6A77965EBD199F77.xml @@ -1,295 +1,294 @@ - - - -A revision of the ant genus Octostruma Forel 1912 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) + + + +A revision of the ant genus Octostruma Forel 1912 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) - - -Author + + +Author -Longino, John T +Longino, John T -text - - -Zootaxa +text + + +Zootaxa - -2013 - -3699 + +2013 + +3699 - -1 -61 + +1 +61 -journal article -27552 -10.11646/zootaxa.3699.1.1 -65A19D30-8E7A-4073-B92B-9709F8384752 +journal article +27552 +10.11646/zootaxa.3699.1.1 - - - -Octostruma balzani + + + +Octostruma balzani (Emery, 1894) - -(Figs 1E, 3D, 5B, 7B, 8B, 9A, 14D, 18, 42) + +(Figs 1E, 3D, 5B, 7B, 8B, 9A, 14D, 18, 42) - - -Rhopalothrix balzani Emery + + +Rhopalothrix balzani Emery 1894: 217, pl. 1, fig. 10. Lectotype worker (here designated): Bolivia; cantoni di Coroico e Chilumani-Yungas, 1600m, 1891 (Balzan) [presumed; see Comments] [MCSN, CASENT0904969] (examined); queen: same data as lectotype [MCSN, examined]. Combination in -Octostruma +Octostruma : Brown 1949: 92. - -Rhopalothrix (Octostruma) barberi Mann + +Rhopalothrix (Octostruma) barberi Mann , 1922: 42. Syntype workers: Guatemala, Alta Vera Paz, Cacao, Trece Aguas (Barber & Schwarz) [USNM] (examined). Combination in -Octostruma +Octostruma : Brown, 1949: 92. Junior synonym of -O. balzani +O. balzani : Brown & Kempf, 1960: 194. - -Rhopalothrix (Octostruma) equilatera Weber + +Rhopalothrix (Octostruma) equilatera Weber , 1934: 52, fig. 10. Syntype workers: Nicaragua, "Tuli Creek near San Mejuel" [assumed Rio Tule near San Miguelito; see Noble, 1918], Nov 1916, from stomach of -Dendrobates tinctorius (C. R. Halter) +Dendrobates tinctorius (C. R. Halter) [MCZC] (examined). Combination in -Octostruma +Octostruma : Brown 1949: 92. Junior synonym of -Octostruma balzani +Octostruma balzani : Brown & Kempf, 1960: 194. - -Geographic range. Northern Mexico (Tamaulipas, Nuevo Leon) to southern Brazil (Parana). + +Geographic range. Northern Mexico (Tamaulipas, Nuevo Leon) to southern Brazil (Parana). - -Description. Worker. HW 0.50-0.63 (lectotype HW 0.58), HL 0.46-0.58, WL 0.51-0.63, CI 104-113 (n=26). Labrum as in Fig. 1E, sides concave, strap-like lateral portions converging from base to mid-length, then becoming porrect, joined by a thin translucent lamella but leaving distinctly bilobed apex; mandible triangular, in profile view with mandible closed, in same plane as clypeus, apex of mandible not down-turned; with mandible fully open, dorsal face remains in same plane as clypeus; mandible with 8 teeth (Fig. 3D), tooth 1 continuous with basal rim of dorsal surface, tooth 1 a broad blunt lamella, strongly differentiated from tooth 2, teeth 2-5 acute, similar in shape, with denticles between them; teeth 5-8 forming an apical fork, with 5 and 8 large, 6 and 7 small partially confluent denticles; dorsal surface of mandible roughened; ventral surface concave, smooth and shining; interior surface narrow, concave, smooth and shining; scape flattened, with pronounced anterobasal lobe, dorsal surface shallowly rugulose punctate; clypeus with broad, shallow emargination anteriorly; face matte, densely punctate rugulose throughout; frontal carinae faint, nearly obsolete; antennal socket deep, dorsal rim of socket continuous with pronounced dorsal margin of antennal scrobe; antennal scrobe deep, strongly delimited dorsally, posteriorly, and ventrally with sharply defined thin cuticular rim; compound eye small, circular, composed of about 7 ommatidia; short feeble carina extends from ventral margin of antennal socket across floor of scrobe toward compound eye; scrobe matte but smoother than sculpture on face; vertex lobes and undersurface of head densely punctate; occipital carina obsolete. -Promesonotum forming continuous convexity in profile; metanotal groove forming a thin impressed notch visible in profile view; posterodorsal propodeum a single, concave, sloping surface, not differentiated into dorsal and posterior faces; propodeal spines in the form of acute flattened perpendicular plates, extending ventrally as very thin carinae, not forming ventral lamellae; propodeal spiracle medium-size, diameter less than width of base of propodeal spine, located below propodeal spine and abutting posterior margin; entire mesosoma uniformly matte, densely punctate. - + +Description. Worker. HW 0.50-0.63 (lectotype HW 0.58), HL 0.46-0.58, WL 0.51-0.63, CI 104-113 (n=26). Labrum as in Fig. 1E, sides concave, strap-like lateral portions converging from base to mid-length, then becoming porrect, joined by a thin translucent lamella but leaving distinctly bilobed apex; mandible triangular, in profile view with mandible closed, in same plane as clypeus, apex of mandible not down-turned; with mandible fully open, dorsal face remains in same plane as clypeus; mandible with 8 teeth (Fig. 3D), tooth 1 continuous with basal rim of dorsal surface, tooth 1 a broad blunt lamella, strongly differentiated from tooth 2, teeth 2-5 acute, similar in shape, with denticles between them; teeth 5-8 forming an apical fork, with 5 and 8 large, 6 and 7 small partially confluent denticles; dorsal surface of mandible roughened; ventral surface concave, smooth and shining; interior surface narrow, concave, smooth and shining; scape flattened, with pronounced anterobasal lobe, dorsal surface shallowly rugulose punctate; clypeus with broad, shallow emargination anteriorly; face matte, densely punctate rugulose throughout; frontal carinae faint, nearly obsolete; antennal socket deep, dorsal rim of socket continuous with pronounced dorsal margin of antennal scrobe; antennal scrobe deep, strongly delimited dorsally, posteriorly, and ventrally with sharply defined thin cuticular rim; compound eye small, circular, composed of about 7 ommatidia; short feeble carina extends from ventral margin of antennal socket across floor of scrobe toward compound eye; scrobe matte but smoother than sculpture on face; vertex lobes and undersurface of head densely punctate; occipital carina obsolete. +Promesonotum forming continuous convexity in profile; metanotal groove forming a thin impressed notch visible in profile view; posterodorsal propodeum a single, concave, sloping surface, not differentiated into dorsal and posterior faces; propodeal spines in the form of acute flattened perpendicular plates, extending ventrally as very thin carinae, not forming ventral lamellae; propodeal spiracle medium-size, diameter less than width of base of propodeal spine, located below propodeal spine and abutting posterior margin; entire mesosoma uniformly matte, densely punctate. + Petiole in profile with peduncle differentiated from node, anterior surface concave from petiolar foramen to node, node subquadrate, with long sloping dorsal face and short vertical posterior face; anteroventral margin with acute tooth; postpetiole low, broad, crescent-shaped in dorsal view; entire petiole and postpetiole densely punctate; entire gaster densely punctate, tergal -puncta +puncta denser than sternal -puncta +puncta . - -Anterior + +Anterior labral lobe with about three thin stiff setae on side, tuft of soft, thick, translucent, capitate setae of unequal length projecting from apex (like Fig. 2); each larger mandibular tooth with fully appressed seta running length of tooth; anterior margin of scape with about seven stiff spatulate setae; clypeus and face with very sparse fully appressed ground pilosity; face typically with ten erect spatulate setae arranged as in Fig. 5B; mesonotum typically with a pair of erect spatulate setae located at the juncture of pro- and mesonotum; mesotibia with 5 clavate seta of variable size at apex; petiole usually lacking erect setae; postpetiole with 0-2 erect setae; first gastral tergite with 4-16 erect setae, these clustered posteriorly, relatively broadened apically; ground pilosity fully appressed, sparse (length of setae less than distance between them); first gastral sternite with moderately abundant, somewhat clavate erect setae over much of surface except narrow area near postpetiolar insertion. -Color red brown. -Queen. HW 0.53-0.67, HL 0.50-0.61, WL 0.64-0.80, CI 104-112 (n=11). Labrum, mandible, scape, antennal scrobe, and head sculpture similar to worker; face with 8-10 erect setae distributed symmetrically around lateral and posterior margins of head, a seta on low ridge in front of each compound eye, 2-4 setae across vertex between compound eyes; ocelli distinct; compound eye large, multifaceted, about 12 ommatidia in longest row. -Mesosoma with queen-typical alar sclerites; sculpture like in worker; anepisternum and katepisternum separated by strong sulcus; posterodorsal propodeum concave; propodeal spines pronounced, in the form of flattened perpendicular plates, acute in profile; pronotum with about 4 erect setae, mesoscutum with 8-16, axilla with 1, scutellum with 2, metanotum with 2, petiolar node with 2, postpetiolar disc with 2-4, first gastral tergite with 20-40. Other characters similar to worker. +Color red brown. +Queen. HW 0.53-0.67, HL 0.50-0.61, WL 0.64-0.80, CI 104-112 (n=11). Labrum, mandible, scape, antennal scrobe, and head sculpture similar to worker; face with 8-10 erect setae distributed symmetrically around lateral and posterior margins of head, a seta on low ridge in front of each compound eye, 2-4 setae across vertex between compound eyes; ocelli distinct; compound eye large, multifaceted, about 12 ommatidia in longest row. +Mesosoma with queen-typical alar sclerites; sculpture like in worker; anepisternum and katepisternum separated by strong sulcus; posterodorsal propodeum concave; propodeal spines pronounced, in the form of flattened perpendicular plates, acute in profile; pronotum with about 4 erect setae, mesoscutum with 8-16, axilla with 1, scutellum with 2, metanotum with 2, petiolar node with 2, postpetiolar disc with 2-4, first gastral tergite with 20-40. Other characters similar to worker. - - + + Biology. -Octostruma balzani +Octostruma balzani is a widespread Central and South American species that is common in many localities. It occurs in a variety of forested habitats: wet to seasonal dry, second growth to mature, lowland to montane. It usually occurs from sea level to the lower edges of cloud forests, typically around 1400 m. The highest elevation record is 1650 m in Nuevo -Leon +Leon , Mexico. Almost all collections are from Berlese and Winkler samples of sifted litter and rotten wood from the forest floor. In quantitative 1 m -2 +2 litter plot samples, withinsample abundance is tens of workers or fewer, but the species can occur in nearly every sample, suggesting a high density of small colonies. Dealate queens and intercaste workers often occur together with workers in litter samples. - - + + Comments. Species in the -Octostruma balzani +Octostruma balzani complex share the following characters: the basal tooth of the masticatory margin of the mandible is broad and lamelliform, and the following four teeth are contrastingly narrow and acutely pointed; the surfaces of the face and dorsal mesosoma are uniformly punctate, with no rugae or smooth areas; and HW is 0.50-0.68. They have sparse spatulate setae and very inconspicuous appressed pubescence, and unlike many other -Octostruma +Octostruma they rarely have a layer of soil adhering to the surface. In many wet forest areas of Central America they are among the most common ants in litter samples. - + Brown and Kempf (1960) treated the group as a single polytypic species, -O. balzani +O. balzani , with the three synonyms - + O. barberi -, +, -O. equilatera +O. equilatera , and -O. lutzi +O. lutzi . They had no evidence of sympatry of forms but acknowledged the high variability among the specimens they examined. Perrault (1988) discovered the occurrence of sympatric forms in French Guiana, identifying one of them as -O. balzani +O. balzani s.s. and the other as a -new species -O. betschi +new species +O. betschi . The inadequately characterized -O. amrishi +O. amrishi was described from Suriname and quickly synonymized with -O. balzani +O. balzani . All of these taxa have been reevaluated in this study and several -new species +new species described from the -O. balzani +O. balzani complex. -Quantitative inventory projects in Central America have produced hundreds of individual collections from Costa Rica to Mexico, revealing multiple localities with evidence of two or three sympatric species. All the specimens involved are extremely similar in size, shape, mandibular dentition, labrum structure, and surface sculpture. They mainly differ in the disposition of spatulate setae on the face and mesosoma and the degree of impression of the metanotal groove. They also vary to an extent in color and habitat preference. Local bimodal distributions of morphological characters are used as evidence of sympatric species, but there is always a small percentage of specimens that are intermediate and cannot be reliably identified. - - +Quantitative inventory projects in Central America have produced hundreds of individual collections from Costa Rica to Mexico, revealing multiple localities with evidence of two or three sympatric species. All the specimens involved are extremely similar in size, shape, mandibular dentition, labrum structure, and surface sculpture. They mainly differ in the disposition of spatulate setae on the face and mesosoma and the degree of impression of the metanotal groove. They also vary to an extent in color and habitat preference. Local bimodal distributions of morphological characters are used as evidence of sympatric species, but there is always a small percentage of specimens that are intermediate and cannot be reliably identified. + + Octostruma batesi -, +, -O. betschi +O. betschi , and -O. stenognatha +O. stenognatha share a somewhat triangular head shape and a reduced anterior lobe on the base of the scape. They appear to be allopatric or parapatric in South America, with -O. stenognatha +O. stenognatha occurring in southern Brazil, -O. batesi +O. batesi in the Andes, and -O. betschi +O. betschi occurring throughout Amazonia and into the eastern foothills of the Andes. -Octostruma lutzi +Octostruma lutzi is restricted to the islands of Dominica and Guadeloupe, and has two pairs of erect setae on the promesonotum (a trait shared with -O. batesi +O. batesi and -O. betschi +O. betschi ). - -The + +The remaining five species-O. - + amrishi -, +, - -O. + +O. balzani -, +, - -O. gymnogon -, + +O. gymnogon +, -O. megabalzani +O. megabalzani , and O. trithrix-occur in Central and South America and are all extremely similar. Of the five, -O. balzani +O. balzani is the most widespread and the most variable. It is sympatric with -O. trithrix +O. trithrix from Honduras northward, with -O. amrishi +O. amrishi and -O. gymnogon +O. gymnogon in lowland wet forest areas from eastern Honduras to Panama, and with -O. megabalzani +O. megabalzani in the highlands of southern Costa Rica and western Panama. - + The overlap of -O. balzani +O. balzani with -O. trithrix +O. trithrix occurs throughout eastern Mexico, south through the -Peten +Peten region and southeastern Guatemala and into the northern Honduran lowlands, as far east as La Ceiba. In Chiapas, four Project LLAMA community samples suggest that -O. trithrix +O. trithrix prefers warmer or more disturbed habitats. These four LLAMA sites in eastern Chiapas fell on a disturbance and temperature gradient: Salto de Agua at 100 m elevation was scrubby second growth forest surrounded by a largely agricultural landscape; -Playon +Playon de la Gloria at 160 m elevation was an ecotone between second growth vegetation and a large primary forest reserve; Metzabok at 575 m elevation was also ecotonal, like -Playon +Playon de la Gloria; Naha at 985 m elevation was a large area of mature wet forest. Only -O. trithrix +O. trithrix was found at Salto de Agua; both species were similarly abundant at -Playon +Playon de la Gloria and Metzabok; and only -O. balzani +O. balzani was found at Naha. The evidence for two sympatric species was less clear in two community samples from the Atlantic coast of Honduras, Lancetilla Botanical Garden and a site near La Ceiba. The strength of the metanotal groove was variable, and sometimes the face had the -O. balzani +O. balzani setal pattern on one side and the -O. trithrix +O. trithrix pattern on the other. - -Octostruma balzani + +Octostruma balzani overlaps with -O. amrishi +O. amrishi in lowland rainforest habitats from the La Moskitia region of eastern Honduras south to Amazonia. In Central America, -O. balzani +O. balzani is more likely to be in the warmer and/or more disturbed habitats, while -O. amrishi +O. amrishi favors cooler or mature forest habitats. For example, on Cerro Saslaya, an isolated mountain range in eastern Nicaragua, a community sample from lowland rainforest around 300 m elevation was a mix of -O. balzani +O. balzani and -O. amrishi +O. amrishi , while a sample from montane forest around 1000 m elevation was pure -O. amrishi +O. amrishi . -Octostruma amrishi +Octostruma amrishi is the dominant species in lowland wet forests of Panama and northern South America. - -Octostruma gymnogon + +Octostruma gymnogon is a darker, montane version of -O. amrishi +O. amrishi . Allopatric populations occur in the mountains along the Guatemala-Honduras border and in Costa Rica. In Costa Rica, -O. gymnogon +O. gymnogon has a sharp elevationally parapatric distribution with -O. amrishi +O. amrishi . On the Barva transect in Costa Rica, -O. amrishi +O. amrishi occurs from sea level to 300 m elevation, and -O. gymnogon +O. gymnogon occurs from 500 m to 1100 m elevation. - + The five similar species in Central America appear to segregate by climate and habitat, with -O. trithrix +O. trithrix favoring the warmest, driest, and most disturbed habitats; - + O. amrishi -, +, -O. gymnogon +O. gymnogon , and -O. megabalzani +O. megabalzani favoring the coolest, wettest, least disturbed habitats (and segregating by elevation); and -O. balzani +O. balzani falling in between. - + The -O. balzani +O. balzani complex is undersampled in many parts of its range. Given the complexity revealed in Central America and the paucity of characters separating sympatric forms, the true diversity of this group is undoubtedly greater than the simple arrangement proposed here, but molecular data will be needed to further reveal patterns. - + The type locality of -O. balzani +O. balzani is Bolivia. In the original description, specimens from two localities are described: "Bolivia; cantoni di Coroico e Chilumani-Yungas (Balzan); un esemplare di Salinas sul Beni -e +e un poco -piu -piccolo, ma non altrimenti differente." The Emery collection has a queen and several workers from Coroico and the single worker from Salinas. A worker from the Coroico series was imaged by the California Academy of Sciences and the images posted on Antweb; this worker was chosen as the Lectotype. The pin with the lectotype bears the label " - +piu +piccolo, ma non altrimenti differente." The Emery collection has a queen and several workers from Coroico and the single worker from Salinas. A worker from the Coroico series was imaged by the California Academy of Sciences and the images posted on Antweb; this worker was chosen as the Lectotype. The pin with the lectotype bears the label " + Rhopalothrix balzani -Em. +Em. " in Emery's handwriting but there is no locality label. However, it is clearly part of the Coroico series. - - -Octostruma balzani + + +Octostruma balzani was named for Luigi Balzan, for whom Emery wrote this moving and poignant tribute: -After a long journey across Bolivia, made very uncomfortable for lack of funds, Luigi Balzan returned to Italy a few months ago, bringing important zoological and anthropological collections. -His sturdy physique, that had resisted the hardships and tropical climates, surrendered to a pernicious fever this past 20 September, in Padova, his homeland. For many years I was in correspondence with Balzan, who came to see me in Bologna before leaving; his unexpected death at a young age deeply saddened me. +After a long journey across Bolivia, made very uncomfortable for lack of funds, Luigi Balzan returned to Italy a few months ago, bringing important zoological and anthropological collections. +His sturdy physique, that had resisted the hardships and tropical climates, surrendered to a pernicious fever this past 20 September, in Padova, his homeland. For many years I was in correspondence with Balzan, who came to see me in Bologna before leaving; his unexpected death at a young age deeply saddened me. - - - -FIGURE + + + +FIGURE 18. -Octostruma balzani +Octostruma balzani , worker (CASENT0611293, Guatemala), face and lateral view. Scale bar = 0.25 mm face view, 0.5 mm lateral view. diff --git a/data/19/0B/68/190B68ED6A0F103AB976CD6B83124DE6.xml b/data/19/0B/68/190B68ED6A0F103AB976CD6B83124DE6.xml index 4f0da4f4537..ac9130ec7e4 100644 --- a/data/19/0B/68/190B68ED6A0F103AB976CD6B83124DE6.xml +++ b/data/19/0B/68/190B68ED6A0F103AB976CD6B83124DE6.xml @@ -1,130 +1,129 @@ - - - -A revision of the ant genus Octostruma Forel 1912 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) + + + +A revision of the ant genus Octostruma Forel 1912 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) - - -Author + + +Author -Longino, John T +Longino, John T -text - - -Zootaxa +text + + +Zootaxa - -2013 - -3699 + +2013 + +3699 - -1 -61 + +1 +61 -journal article -27552 -10.11646/zootaxa.3699.1.1 -65A19D30-8E7A-4073-B92B-9709F8384752 +journal article +27552 +10.11646/zootaxa.3699.1.1 - - - - + + + + Octostruma cyrtinotum -Longino +Longino , -sp. nov. +sp. nov. - -(Figs 1C, 3B, 5L, 13A, 14B, 22, 43) + +(Figs 1C, 3B, 5L, 13A, 14B, 22, 43) - - + + Type material. Holotype worker: HONDURAS, Olancho: PN La Muralla, 15.09832, -86.74043, -+/- ++/- 20 m, 1530 m, 2 May 2010, cloud forest, ex sifted leaf litter (LLAMA, Wa-C-01-1-06) [CAS, unique specimen identifier CASENT0615495]. Paratype workers: same data except 15.09734, -86.73912,, -+/- ++/- 20 m, 1490 m (LLAMA, Wm-C- 01-1-01) [MCZC, CASENT0639167; USNM, CASENT0639168; UCDC, CASENT0639169; UVGC, CASENT0639170; EAPZ, CASENT0639171]; 15.09489, -86.73944, -+/- ++/- 125 m, 1420 m (LLAMA, Wm-C-01-2-01) [ECOSCE, CASENT0627374; MZSP, CASENT0627375; JTLC, CASENT0627376]. - -Geographic range. Honduras, Nicaragua. + +Geographic range. Honduras, Nicaragua. - - + + Diagnosis. Face lacking transverse arcuate carina; basal five teeth of mandible acute; apex of labrum bilobed; -face +face typically with 8 spatulate setae, seta-bearing pits along vertex margin large; filiform setae lacking on petiole, postpetiole, first gastral sternite; anterior half of dorsal face of propodeum convex, demarcating impressed metanotal groove; a single pair of spatulate setae on the mesonotum. - - + + Description. Worker. HW 0.70-0.80, HL 0.65-0.74, WL 0.78-0.90, CI 107-112 (n=8). Labrum as in Fig. 1C, sides slightly concave, strap-like lateral portions converging from base to near apex, joined by thin translucent cuticle medially but leaving distinctly bilobed apex, with deep median notch; mandible triangular, in profile view with mandible closed, in same plane as clypeus, apex of mandible not down-turned; with mandible fully open, dorsal face remains in same plane as clypeus; mandible with 8 teeth (Fig. 3B), tooth 1 continuous with basal rim of dorsal surface, teeth 1-5 acute, similar in shape, a minute denticle between 4 and 5, teeth 5-8 forming an apical fork, with 5 and 8 large, 6 and 7 small partially confluent denticles; dorsal surface of mandible roughened; ventral surface flat and parallel to clypeus apically, twisting basally to nearly perpendicular orientation basally, smooth and shining; interior surface concave, smooth and shining; scape flattened, with pronounced anterobasal lobe, dorsal surface shallowly rugulose; clypeus with broad, shallow emargination anteriorly; clypeus smooth and shiny with sparse shallow -puncta +puncta ; face shallowly irregularly rugulose with shiny surface; frontal carinae faint, nearly obsolete; antennal socket deep, dorsal rim of socket continuous with pronounced dorsal margin of antennal scrobe; antennal scrobe deep, strongly delimited dorsally, posteriorly, and ventrally with sharply defined thin cuticular rim; compound eye small, circular, composed of about 7 ommatidia; distinct carina extends from ventral margin of antennal socket across floor of scrobe to compound eye; scrobe floor smooth and shiny; vertex margin anterior to occipital carina smooth and shining (top of head, not visible in face view); occipital carina extends anteriorly on ventral surface of head nearly to hypostoma; postgenal suture visible as dark line on undersurface of head; undersurface rugulose. -Promesonotum moderately convex in profile, promesonotal suture moderately impressed, promesonotum with broad, weak, longitudinal impression; metanotal groove more strongly impressed, conspicuous in profile view; propodeum with distinct dorsal and posterior faces; dorsal face distinctly convex anteriorly, forming a gibbosity in profile view; propodeal spines well-developed, in the form of acute flattened perpendicular plates, extending ventrally as thin carinae; single well-defined transverse carina extends between propodeal spines, separating dorsal and posterior faces of propodeum; propodeal spiracle medium-size, diameter less than width of base of propodeal spine, located below propodeal spine and abutting posterior margin; all surfaces of mesosoma matte except posterior face of propodeum, which is shiny; dorsum of promesonotum irregularly rugose, dorsal face of propodeum faintly rugulose, posterior face of propodeum smooth, lateral pronotum punctate; meso- metapleuron and side of propodeum confluent, smooth. - +Promesonotum moderately convex in profile, promesonotal suture moderately impressed, promesonotum with broad, weak, longitudinal impression; metanotal groove more strongly impressed, conspicuous in profile view; propodeum with distinct dorsal and posterior faces; dorsal face distinctly convex anteriorly, forming a gibbosity in profile view; propodeal spines well-developed, in the form of acute flattened perpendicular plates, extending ventrally as thin carinae; single well-defined transverse carina extends between propodeal spines, separating dorsal and posterior faces of propodeum; propodeal spiracle medium-size, diameter less than width of base of propodeal spine, located below propodeal spine and abutting posterior margin; all surfaces of mesosoma matte except posterior face of propodeum, which is shiny; dorsum of promesonotum irregularly rugose, dorsal face of propodeum faintly rugulose, posterior face of propodeum smooth, lateral pronotum punctate; meso- metapleuron and side of propodeum confluent, smooth. + Petiole in profile with peduncle differentiated from node, node with differentiated anterior face; node subquadrate, with long sloping dorsal face and short vertical posterior face; anteroventral margin with pronounced, anteriorly-directed peg-like tooth; postpetiole low, broad, crescent-shaped in dorsal view; dorsum of petiolar node rugose; dorsum of postpetiole faintly rugulose anteriorly, grading to punctate posteriorly; first gastral tergite and sternite densely punctate, tergal -puncta +puncta fainter posteriorly but still extending to posterior border. - + Anterior labral lobe with radiating tuli of soft, thick, translucent, capitate setae of unequal length projecting from apex (like Fig. 2); each larger mandibular tooth with fully appressed seta running length of tooth; anterior margin of scape with about nine stiff spatulate setae; clypeus and face with fine, sparse fully appressed ground pilosity; face typically with eight erect spatulate setae arranged as in Fig. 5L; setae on vertex margin arising from large, ringed -puncta +puncta ; pronotum lacking erect setae (one pair on CASENT0610706, Honduras, Olancho: 11km NNE Catacamas); mesonotum typically with a pair of erect spatulate setae located at the juncture of pro- and mesonotum (lacking on CASENT0610830, Honduras, Francisco -Morazan +Morazan , 21km S Guaimaca); mesotibia with conspicuous ground pilosity, about 5 spatulate setae of variable length at apex; petiole and postpetiole lacking erect setae; first gastral tergite with 2-4 (typically 4) long spatulate setae at posterior margin, 3-8 setae on disc, ground pilosity fully appressed, sparse (length of setae less than distance between them); first gastral sternite with abundant spatulate setae clustered on posterior half, anterior half to one third devoid of setae, sternal setae shorter than tergal setae. -Color red brown. -Queen. HW 0.89-0.91, HL 0.78-0.81, WL 1.14-1.17, CI 111-115 (n=3). Head shape as in Fig. 14B; labrum, mandible, scape, antennal scrobe, and head sculpture similar to worker; face with 8 erect setae distributed as in worker, plus 1-2 on central frons, anterior to lateral ocelli; ocelli distinct; compound eye large, multifaceted, about 12 ommatidia in longest row. - -Mesosoma +Color red brown. +Queen. HW 0.89-0.91, HL 0.78-0.81, WL 1.14-1.17, CI 111-115 (n=3). Head shape as in Fig. 14B; labrum, mandible, scape, antennal scrobe, and head sculpture similar to worker; face with 8 erect setae distributed as in worker, plus 1-2 on central frons, anterior to lateral ocelli; ocelli distinct; compound eye large, multifaceted, about 12 ommatidia in longest row. + +Mesosoma with queen-typical alar sclerites; pronotum irregularly rugose anteriorly, punctatorugose laterally; mesoscutum coarsely longitudinally rugose; axilla and scutellum coarsely irregularly rugose; anepisternum and katepisternum separated by strong sulcus; anepisternum, katepisternum, and side of propodeum matte, mostly smooth with variable faint rugulae; propodeum and propodeal spines similar to worker; pronotum with about 4 erect setae, mesoscutum with about 6, axilla with 1, scutellum with 2, metanotum with 2, petiolar node with 2, postpetiolar disc with 2, first gastral tergite with about 20. Other characters similar to worker. - - + + Biology. -Octostruma cyrtinotum +Octostruma cyrtinotum is a moderately abundant montane species in Honduras and Guatemala. All records are from 1300-1700 m. It occurs in mesophyll cloud forest, and montane forests with various mixtures of pine, oak, and Liquidambar. All collections are from Berlese and Winkler samples of sifted litter and rotten wood from the forest floor. In quantitative 1 m -2 +2 litter plot samples, it can occur in up to 28% of samples. Dealate queens are occasionally found together with workers in litter samples. - - + + Comments. This species is very similar to the allopatric -O. montanis +O. montanis , from montane sites in southern Nicaragua and northern Costa Rica. The two differ only in small differences in the number of spatulate setae. The three species - + O. cyrtinotum -, +, -O. montanis +O. montanis , and -O. planities +O. planities possibly form a clade based on shared labral shape, similar size and shape, and orange coloration. -Octostruma planities +Octostruma planities is a lowland species, showing an elevational parapatric distribution with both -O. cyrtinotum +O. cyrtinotum and -O. montanis +O. montanis . - - + + Etymology. The -name +name refers to the convexity on the propodeal dorsum. It is a noun in apposition and thus invariant. diff --git a/data/1F/3F/6C/1F3F6C4AF78F3BA6E00FEC9FBADB3DD4.xml b/data/1F/3F/6C/1F3F6C4AF78F3BA6E00FEC9FBADB3DD4.xml index 233b788011c..2868d195702 100644 --- a/data/1F/3F/6C/1F3F6C4AF78F3BA6E00FEC9FBADB3DD4.xml +++ b/data/1F/3F/6C/1F3F6C4AF78F3BA6E00FEC9FBADB3DD4.xml @@ -1,69 +1,68 @@ - - - -A revision of the ant genus Octostruma Forel 1912 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) + + + +A revision of the ant genus Octostruma Forel 1912 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) - - -Author + + +Author -Longino, John T +Longino, John T -text - - -Zootaxa +text + + +Zootaxa - -2013 - -3699 + +2013 + +3699 - -1 -61 + +1 +61 -journal article -27552 -10.11646/zootaxa.3699.1.1 -65A19D30-8E7A-4073-B92B-9709F8384752 +journal article +27552 +10.11646/zootaxa.3699.1.1 - - - -Octostruma rugiferoides Brown & Kempf + + + +Octostruma rugiferoides Brown & Kempf , 1960 - -(Figs 1G, 3F, 6B, 14G 36, 44) + +(Figs 1G, 3F, 6B, 14G 36, 44) - - -Octostruma rugiferoides Brown & Kempf + + +Octostruma rugiferoides Brown & Kempf , 1960: 200, fig. 20. Holotype worker: Mexico, Veracruz: Pueblo Nuevo, near Tetzonapa, 13 Aug 1953, in leaf litter of dry, rocky, tropical evergreen forest (E. O. Wilson) [MCZC] (examined); paratype worker: same data as holotype but 7 Aug 1953 [MZSP]. - -Geographic range. Mexico, Guatemala. -Description. Worker. The description of Brown and Kempf is supplemented with these new measurements: HW 0.54-0.57, HL 0.53-0.54, WL 0.52-0.55, CI 103-105 (n=3). -Queen (previously undescribed). HW 0.59, HL 0.57, WL 0.68, CI 103 (n=1). Posterior margin of head evenly rounded (Fig. 14G); labrum, mandible, anterior clypeal margin, scape, antennal scrobe similar to worker; clypeus smooth, delimited from frons by faint clypeal suture; concave frons anterior to facial arc sublucid, very faintly rugulose; facial arc crenulate; sculpture posterior to arc irregularly rugulose, like worker; face with 10 erect setae distributed evenly on facial arc, 6 setae on posterior margin of head; ocelli distinct; compound eye multifaceted, about 6 ommatidia in longest row. - -Mesosoma + +Geographic range. Mexico, Guatemala. +Description. Worker. The description of Brown and Kempf is supplemented with these new measurements: HW 0.54-0.57, HL 0.53-0.54, WL 0.52-0.55, CI 103-105 (n=3). +Queen (previously undescribed). HW 0.59, HL 0.57, WL 0.68, CI 103 (n=1). Posterior margin of head evenly rounded (Fig. 14G); labrum, mandible, anterior clypeal margin, scape, antennal scrobe similar to worker; clypeus smooth, delimited from frons by faint clypeal suture; concave frons anterior to facial arc sublucid, very faintly rugulose; facial arc crenulate; sculpture posterior to arc irregularly rugulose, like worker; face with 10 erect setae distributed evenly on facial arc, 6 setae on posterior margin of head; ocelli distinct; compound eye multifaceted, about 6 ommatidia in longest row. + +Mesosoma with queen-typical alar sclerites; pronotum mostly foveolate, with a few rugulae on humeri; mesoscutum and scutellum with faint foveolation overlain by irregular longitudinal rugae; anepisternum and katepisternum separated by strong sulcus; mesopleuron and side of propodeum foveolate; posterodorsal propodeum forming a single concave face, faintly foveolate; propodeal spines low, obtuse, laminar, continuous with an infradental lamella; on single available queen, pronotum with 2 erect setae, mesoscutum with 6, axilla with 1, scutellum with 2, postpetiole with 3, first gastral tergite with about 24. - -Biology. The types were collected by E. O. Wilson in leaf litter of dry, rocky, tropical evergreen forest. New material collected by the LLAMA project was in scrubby wet forest of eastern Chiapas and the seasonal evergreen forests of the Tikal region in Guatemala. All specimens were from Winkler samples of sifted leaf litter from the forest floor. + +Biology. The types were collected by E. O. Wilson in leaf litter of dry, rocky, tropical evergreen forest. New material collected by the LLAMA project was in scrubby wet forest of eastern Chiapas and the seasonal evergreen forests of the Tikal region in Guatemala. All specimens were from Winkler samples of sifted leaf litter from the forest floor. - - + + Comments. Palacio (1997) reports -O. rugiferoides +O. rugiferoides for Colombia, but clearly meant -O. rugifera +O. rugifera , because he describes the species as occurring in Brazil and Argentina, and gives the author as (Mayr 1887). Comparison of new Guatemala and Chiapas material to the holotype revealed no significant geographic variation. diff --git a/data/30/7F/E4/307FE40CA2BE508E54A356B3EBCC0604.xml b/data/30/7F/E4/307FE40CA2BE508E54A356B3EBCC0604.xml index 50cae56938b..14b630bdc56 100644 --- a/data/30/7F/E4/307FE40CA2BE508E54A356B3EBCC0604.xml +++ b/data/30/7F/E4/307FE40CA2BE508E54A356B3EBCC0604.xml @@ -1,125 +1,126 @@ - - - -A revision of the ant genus Octostruma Forel 1912 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) + + + +A revision of the ant genus Octostruma Forel 1912 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) - - -Author + + +Author -Longino, John T +Longino, John T -text - - -Zootaxa +text + + +Zootaxa - -2013 - -3699 + +2013 + +3699 - -1 -61 + +1 +61 -journal article -27552 -10.11646/zootaxa.3699.1.1 -65A19D30-8E7A-4073-B92B-9709F8384752 +journal article +27552 +10.11646/zootaxa.3699.1.1 - - - -Octostruma iheringi + + + +Octostruma iheringi (Emery, 1888) - -(Figs 1D, 2, 3C, 5E, 10A, 11, 14C, 26, 43) + +(Figs 1D, 2, 3C, 5E, 10A, 11, 14C, 26, 43) - - -Rhopalothrix iheringi Emery + + +Rhopalothrix iheringi Emery 1888: 361. Holotype queen: Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul [MCSN] (not examined). Combination in -Octostruma +Octostruma : Brown, 1949: 92. - -Rhopalothrix godmani Forel + +Rhopalothrix godmani Forel , 1899: 41, pl. 3, fig. 4. Holotype queen: Panama, Chiriqui, David (Champion) [BMNH?] (not examined). Combination in -Octostruma +Octostruma : Brown, 1949: 92. Junior synonym of -Octostruma iheringi +Octostruma iheringi : Brown & Kempf, 1960: 187. - -Rhopalothrix simoni Emery + +Rhopalothrix simoni Emery , 1890: 67. Holotype worker: Venezuela, Caracas (Simon) [MCSN?] (not examined). Combination in -Octostruma (Octostruma) +Octostruma (Octostruma) : Forel, 1912: 196. Combination in -Octostruma +Octostruma : Brown, 1949: 92. Junior synonym of -Octostruma iheringi +Octostruma iheringi : Brown & Kempf, 1960: 187. - -Rhopalothrix simoni r. spei Forel + +Rhopalothrix simoni r. spei Forel , 1912: 196. Syntype workers: Colombia, Magdalena, "Hacienda de l'Esperanza," base of Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, in rotten wood (Forel) [MHNG] (not examined). Combination in -Octostruma +Octostruma : Brown, 1949: 92. Junior synonym of -Octostruma iheringi +Octostruma iheringi : Brown & Kempf, 1960: 187. - -Rhopalothrix -simoni var. wighti Wheeler + + +Rhopalothrix +simoni var. wighti Wheeler , 1908: 161. Syntype workers: Jamaica, road to Shot-over, 2 miles west Port Antonio, about 500ft altitude, under stone (Wight) [AMNH?, MCZC] (MCZC syntypes examined). Combination in -Octostruma +Octostruma : Brown, 1949: 92. Junior synonym of -Octostruma iheringi +Octostruma iheringi : Brown & Kempf, 1960: 187. - -Rhopalothrix -simoni st. spei var. sulcata Santschi + + +Rhopalothrix +simoni st. spei var. sulcata Santschi , 1936: 201; unavailable name. Worker: Panama, "Puebloviejo" (Bierig). Material referred to -Octostruma iheringi +Octostruma iheringi : Brown & Kempf, 1960: 187. - -Geographic range. Southern Mexico to southern Brazil, Jamaica. + +Geographic range. Southern Mexico to southern Brazil, Jamaica. - - + + Description. Worker. HW 0.70-0.79, HL 0.63-0.73, WL 0.75-0.84, CI 106-111 (n=11). Labrum as in Fig. 1D and 2, sides slightly concave, strap-like lateral portions converging from base to near apex, joined by thin translucent cuticle medially but leaving distinctly bilobed apex, with median notch; mandible triangular, in profile view with mandible closed, in same plane as clypeus, apex of mandible not strongly down-turned; with mandible fully open, dorsal face tilted obliquely relative to clypeus; mandible with 8 teeth (Fig. 3C), tooth 1 continuous with basal rim of dorsal surface, teeth 1-5 acute, tooth 1 smaller than tooth 2, teeth 2-5 similar in size, a minute denticle between 4 and 5, teeth 5-8 forming an apical fork, with 5 and 8 large, 6 and 7 small partially confluent denticles; dorsal surface of mandible roughened; ventral surface flat and parallel to clypeus apically, twisting basally to nearly perpendicular orientation basally, smooth and shining; interior surface concave, smooth and shining; scape flattened, with pronounced anterobasal lobe, dorsal surface faintly sculptured; clypeus with broad, shallow emargination anteriorly; clypeus shallowly punctate or punctatorugulose; face shallowly longitudinally rugulose with shiny surface, median ruga sometimes stronger than others; frontal carinae faint, nearly obsolete; antennal socket deep, dorsal rim of socket continuous with pronounced dorsal margin of antennal scrobe; antennal scrobe deep, strongly delimited dorsally, posteriorly, and ventrally with sharply defined, translucent foliaceous cuticular rim; compound eye small, circular, composed of about 5 ommatidia; distinct carina extends from ventral margin of antennal socket across floor of scrobe to compound eye; scrobe floor faintly foveolate anteroventrally, smooth and -matte +matte to feebly shining elsewhere; vertex margin anterior to occipital carina smooth (top of head, not visible in face view); occipital carina distinct, extending anteriorly on ventral surface of head to beyond level of compound eye but not reaching hypostoma; undersurface rugulose. -Promesonotum and dorsal face of propodeum form a continuous convexity in profile; promesonotal suture obsolete; promesonotum with shallow, longitudinal impression; metanotal groove obsolete to weakly impressed; propodeum with distinct dorsal and posterior faces; propodeal spines pronounced, in the form of acute translucent perpendicular plates, extending ventrally as broad foliaceous laminae; a single broad, translucent, transverse carina extends between propodeal spines, separating dorsal and posterior faces of propodeum; this carina broadens laterally and extends onto the propodeal spine, joining it at a right angle, forming an unusual roof-like structure over the posterior face of the propodeum and creating a thin-walled, concave propodeal spine that looks like a horse ear (Fig. 10A); propodeal spiracle large, located below propodeal spine and confluent with the ventral lamina, such that the translucent lamina can be seen as the back wall when looking through the spiracular orifice; all surfaces of mesosoma matte; dorsum of promesonotum irregularly rugose, dorsal and posterior faces of propodeum smooth, lateral pronotum faintly punctate; meso-metapleuron and side of propodeum confluent, smooth. - +Promesonotum and dorsal face of propodeum form a continuous convexity in profile; promesonotal suture obsolete; promesonotum with shallow, longitudinal impression; metanotal groove obsolete to weakly impressed; propodeum with distinct dorsal and posterior faces; propodeal spines pronounced, in the form of acute translucent perpendicular plates, extending ventrally as broad foliaceous laminae; a single broad, translucent, transverse carina extends between propodeal spines, separating dorsal and posterior faces of propodeum; this carina broadens laterally and extends onto the propodeal spine, joining it at a right angle, forming an unusual roof-like structure over the posterior face of the propodeum and creating a thin-walled, concave propodeal spine that looks like a horse ear (Fig. 10A); propodeal spiracle large, located below propodeal spine and confluent with the ventral lamina, such that the translucent lamina can be seen as the back wall when looking through the spiracular orifice; all surfaces of mesosoma matte; dorsum of promesonotum irregularly rugose, dorsal and posterior faces of propodeum smooth, lateral pronotum faintly punctate; meso-metapleuron and side of propodeum confluent, smooth. + Petiole in profile with peduncle differentiated from node, node with distinct anterior face; node nearly triangular, with long sloping dorsal face and short vertical posterior face, dorsal and posterior faces separated by a distinct transverse carina; anteroventral margin with pronounced, anteriorly-directed peg-like tooth; postpetiole low, broad, crescent-shaped in dorsal view; dorsum of petiolar node rugose; dorsum of postpetiole faintly rugulose anteriorly, grading to punctate posteriorly; first gastral tergite and sternite uniformly punctate, interspaces subequal in width to -puncta +puncta , smooth and shining. - + Anterior labral lobe with radiating tuft of soft, thick, translucent, capitate setae of unequal length projecting from apex (Fig. 2); each larger mandibular tooth with fully appressed seta running length of tooth; anterior margin of scape with about 10 spatulate setae; clypeus and face with fine, sparse fully appressed ground pilosity; face typically with eight erect spatulate setae arranged as in Fig. 5E; setae on vertex margin arising from large, ringed -puncta +puncta ; mesosomal dorsum lacking erect setae; mesotibia with conspicuous subdecumbent clavate ground pilosity, about 2 larger spatulate seta at apex; petiole with 2 erect setae (rarely absent); postpetiole lacking erect setae; first gastral tergite lacking spatulate setae, ground pilosity fully appressed, sparse (length of setae less than distance between them); first gastral sternite with abundant short clavate setae over most of surface; pair of distinctive, long, extremely fine setae extending perpendicularly from petiolar peduncle, anterior to spiracle; similar but shorter pair of setae extending from sides of postpetiole, a few similar fine setae on anterior first gastral sternite, a short clavate seta extending posteriorly from posterior margin of hind coxa. -Color orange red. -Queen. HW 0.84, HL 0.71, WL 0.99, CI 119 (n=1). Head shape as in Fig. 14C; labrum, mandible, scape, antennal scrobe, and head sculpture similar to worker; face with 8 erect setae distributed as in worker; ocelli distinct; compound eye large, multifaceted, about 12 ommatidia in longest row. -Mesosoma with queen-typical alar sclerites; pronotum irregularly rugose anteriorly, punctatorugose laterally; mesoscutum longitudinally rugose; axilla and scutellum irregularly rugose; scutellum with median impression; anepisternum and katepisternum separated by strong sulcus; anepisternum, katepisternum, and side of propodeum matte, mostly smooth with variable faint rugulae; propodeum and propodeal spines similar to worker, but dorsal face of propodeum much shorter than posterior face; pronotum with 2 erect setae, mesoscutum with about 6, axilla with 1, scutellum with 2, metanotum with 2, petiolar node with 2, postpetiolar disc with 0, first gastral tergite with 4. Other characters similar to worker. +Color orange red. +Queen. HW 0.84, HL 0.71, WL 0.99, CI 119 (n=1). Head shape as in Fig. 14C; labrum, mandible, scape, antennal scrobe, and head sculpture similar to worker; face with 8 erect setae distributed as in worker; ocelli distinct; compound eye large, multifaceted, about 12 ommatidia in longest row. +Mesosoma with queen-typical alar sclerites; pronotum irregularly rugose anteriorly, punctatorugose laterally; mesoscutum longitudinally rugose; axilla and scutellum irregularly rugose; scutellum with median impression; anepisternum and katepisternum separated by strong sulcus; anepisternum, katepisternum, and side of propodeum matte, mostly smooth with variable faint rugulae; propodeum and propodeal spines similar to worker, but dorsal face of propodeum much shorter than posterior face; pronotum with 2 erect setae, mesoscutum with about 6, axilla with 1, scutellum with 2, metanotum with 2, petiolar node with 2, postpetiolar disc with 0, first gastral tergite with 4. Other characters similar to worker. - - + + Biology. -Octostruma iheringi +Octostruma iheringi is a widespread lowland species. In Central America it occurs in wet to seasonally dry habitats, in both mature and second growth forest, from sea level to about 800 m elevation. Almost all collections are from Berlese and Winkler samples of sifted litter and rotten wood from the forest floor. Dealate queens occasionally occur together with workers in litter samples. An alate queen was taken in July 1997, in the lab clearing of La Selva Biological Station, Costa Rica, a lowland rainforest site. diff --git a/data/33/90/75/3390750FA17639723FFCFFED510C12A3.xml b/data/33/90/75/3390750FA17639723FFCFFED510C12A3.xml index 845028be600..01bca454a67 100644 --- a/data/33/90/75/3390750FA17639723FFCFFED510C12A3.xml +++ b/data/33/90/75/3390750FA17639723FFCFFED510C12A3.xml @@ -1,66 +1,65 @@ - - - -A revision of the ant genus Octostruma Forel 1912 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) + + + +A revision of the ant genus Octostruma Forel 1912 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) - - -Author + + +Author -Longino, John T +Longino, John T -text - - -Zootaxa +text + + +Zootaxa - -2013 - -3699 + +2013 + +3699 - -1 -61 + +1 +61 -journal article -27552 -10.11646/zootaxa.3699.1.1 -65A19D30-8E7A-4073-B92B-9709F8384752 +journal article +27552 +10.11646/zootaxa.3699.1.1 - - - - + + + + Octostruma onorei -Baroni +Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2007 - -(Fig 44) + +(Fig 44) - - - + + + Basiceros onorei -Baroni +Baroni Urbani & De Andrade 2007: 133, fig. 47. Holotype worker: Ecuador, Tungurahua: Banos de Agua Santa, 01°24'S 78°25'W, 1860 m, sendero Bella Vista, leaf-litter, 26 Aug 2004 (C. Baroni Urbani & M. L. De Andrade) [PUCE] (not examined). - -Geographic range. Ecuador. + +Geographic range. Ecuador. - - + + Comments. This species is known only from the holotype. From the description, it appears to be a version of -O. iheringi +O. iheringi . It shares with -O. iheringi +O. iheringi the structure of the propodeal spines, the longitudinal trough on the mesosomal dorsum, and the general habitus (based on the description and the figures in the original publication). It differs in having erect setae on the mesosoma and first gastral tergite, and the first gastral tergite is smooth and shining. diff --git a/data/3B/15/38/3B15380E778A84ADC7FA507BE25BD415.xml b/data/3B/15/38/3B15380E778A84ADC7FA507BE25BD415.xml index b0c0360ddcc..26ea6e33dbb 100644 --- a/data/3B/15/38/3B15380E778A84ADC7FA507BE25BD415.xml +++ b/data/3B/15/38/3B15380E778A84ADC7FA507BE25BD415.xml @@ -1,89 +1,88 @@ - - - -A revision of the ant genus Octostruma Forel 1912 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) + + + +A revision of the ant genus Octostruma Forel 1912 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) - - -Author + + +Author -Longino, John T +Longino, John T -text - - -Zootaxa +text + + +Zootaxa - -2013 - -3699 + +2013 + +3699 - -1 -61 + +1 +61 -journal article -27552 -10.11646/zootaxa.3699.1.1 -65A19D30-8E7A-4073-B92B-9709F8384752 +journal article +27552 +10.11646/zootaxa.3699.1.1 - - - - + + + + Octostruma leptoceps -Longino +Longino , -sp. nov. +sp. nov. - -(Figs 1A, 5H, 28, 43) + +(Figs 1A, 5H, 28, 43) - - + + Type material. Holotype worker: HONDURAS, -Cortes +Cortes : PN Cusuco, 15.48940, -88.23621, -+/- ++/- 20 m, 1290 m, mesophyll forest, ex sifted leaf litter, 30 May 2010 (LLAMA, Wa-C-06-2-12) [CAS, unique specimen identifier CASENT0617645]. - -Geographic range. Honduras. + +Geographic range. Honduras. - -Diagnosis. Basal five teeth of mandible acute; labrum triangular with straight, evenly converging sides, anterior lobes converging and confluent at apex, such that labrum apex is blunt but not distinctly bilobed; head very narrow, CI 94. + +Diagnosis. Basal five teeth of mandible acute; labrum triangular with straight, evenly converging sides, anterior lobes converging and confluent at apex, such that labrum apex is blunt but not distinctly bilobed; head very narrow, CI 94. - - + + Description. Worker. HW 0.68, HL 0.73, WL 0.87, CI 94 (n=1); labrum as in Fig. 1A, sides straight, strap-like lateral portions converging from base to apex, apex bluntly rounded, not bilobed; mandible triangular, in profile view with mandible closed, base in same plane as clypeus, evenly curved downward toward apex; mandibles closed on holotype, but basal teeth visible, acute, apparently as in Fig. 3B, tooth 1 continuous with basal rim of dorsal surface; dorsal surface of mandible roughened; ventral surface flat, smooth and shining; interior surface concave, smooth and shining; scape with pronounced anterobasal lobe, dorsal surface smooth, matte; clypeus with broad, shallow emargination anteriorly; clypeus smooth, sublucid, with sparse -puncta +puncta ; face uniformly irregularly rugose; frontal carinae faint, nearly obsolete; antennal socket deep, dorsal rim of socket continuous with pronounced dorsal margin of antennal scrobe; antennal scrobe deep, strongly delimited dorsally, posteriorly, and ventrally with sharply defined thin cuticular rim; compound eye small, circular, composed of about 7 ommatidia; distinct carina extends from ventral margin of antennal socket across floor of scrobe to compound eye; scrobe floor -matte +matte ; vertex margin anterior to occipital carina smooth, matte (top of head, not visible in face view); occipital carina extends anteriorly on ventral surface of head about to level of compound eye; postgenal suture visible as impressed line on undersurface of head; undersurface rugulose. -Promesonotum moderately convex in profile, promesonotal suture moderately impressed; metanotal groove not impressed; propodeum with distinct dorsal and posterior faces; dorsal face weakly convex; propodeal spines well-developed, acute, laterally flattened, extending ventrally as thin carinae; propodeal spiracle somewhat protruding, located below propodeal spine, not quite abutting posterior margin, diameter about equal to width of base of propodeal spine; all surfaces of mesosoma matte; entire promesonotum irregularly rugose, with similar sculpture to face; mesopleuron and side of propodeum confluent; entire mesopleuron and propodeum smooth. - +Promesonotum moderately convex in profile, promesonotal suture moderately impressed; metanotal groove not impressed; propodeum with distinct dorsal and posterior faces; dorsal face weakly convex; propodeal spines well-developed, acute, laterally flattened, extending ventrally as thin carinae; propodeal spiracle somewhat protruding, located below propodeal spine, not quite abutting posterior margin, diameter about equal to width of base of propodeal spine; all surfaces of mesosoma matte; entire promesonotum irregularly rugose, with similar sculpture to face; mesopleuron and side of propodeum confluent; entire mesopleuron and propodeum smooth. + Petiole in profile with peduncle differentiated from node, node with distinct anterior face; posterodorsal face of node an even convexity; anteroventral margin with anteriorly-directed tooth subtended by short posterior flange; postpetiole low, broad, weakly crescent-shaped in dorsal view; dorsum of petiolar node and postpetiole punctatorugose; first gastral tergite and sternite densely punctate, interspaces smooth and shining, tergal -puncta +puncta smaller posteriorly; first gastral sternite strongly convex, with prominent blunt medial keel. -Anterior labral lobe with radiating tuft of soft, thick, translucent, capitate setae of unequal length projecting from apex (like Fig. 2); each larger mandibular tooth with fully appressed seta running length of tooth; anterior margin of scape with about nine stiff clavate setae; clypeus, face, promesonotal dorsum, petiolar node, and dorsal postpetiole with conspicuous, yellow, appressed ground pilosity of long, thin setae; face of holotype appears largely devoid of erect setae but specimen may have lost setae; a single spatulate seta present on one lateral vertex margin, and what may be a seta near medial vertex margin (Fig. 5H drawn to show what may be setal arrangement on typical specimens); mesosomal dorsum lacking erect setae; mesotibia with conspicuous ground pilosity, about 5 spatulate setae of variable length at apex; petiole and postpetiole lacking erect setae; first gastral tergite lacking erect setae, ground pilosity fully appressed, sparse (length of setae less than distance between them); first gastral sternite with abundant spatulate setae clustered on posterior half, anterior half devoid of setae. -Color dark brown. -The queen is unknown. +Anterior labral lobe with radiating tuft of soft, thick, translucent, capitate setae of unequal length projecting from apex (like Fig. 2); each larger mandibular tooth with fully appressed seta running length of tooth; anterior margin of scape with about nine stiff clavate setae; clypeus, face, promesonotal dorsum, petiolar node, and dorsal postpetiole with conspicuous, yellow, appressed ground pilosity of long, thin setae; face of holotype appears largely devoid of erect setae but specimen may have lost setae; a single spatulate seta present on one lateral vertex margin, and what may be a seta near medial vertex margin (Fig. 5H drawn to show what may be setal arrangement on typical specimens); mesosomal dorsum lacking erect setae; mesotibia with conspicuous ground pilosity, about 5 spatulate setae of variable length at apex; petiole and postpetiole lacking erect setae; first gastral tergite lacking erect setae, ground pilosity fully appressed, sparse (length of setae less than distance between them); first gastral sternite with abundant spatulate setae clustered on posterior half, anterior half devoid of setae. +Color dark brown. +The queen is unknown. - -Biology. This is known from a single worker collected in mesophyll cloud forest at 1290 m elevation. The specimen was in a sample of sifted leaf litter from the forest floor. + +Biology. This is known from a single worker collected in mesophyll cloud forest at 1290 m elevation. The specimen was in a sample of sifted leaf litter from the forest floor. - - + + Etymology. The -name +name refers to narrow head relative to other species. It is a noun in apposition and thus invariant. diff --git a/data/3B/96/A4/3B96A4428353837B297E928492EDBCC0.xml b/data/3B/96/A4/3B96A4428353837B297E928492EDBCC0.xml index 9786b67777d..68101728cc3 100644 --- a/data/3B/96/A4/3B96A4428353837B297E928492EDBCC0.xml +++ b/data/3B/96/A4/3B96A4428353837B297E928492EDBCC0.xml @@ -1,85 +1,84 @@ - - - -A revision of the ant genus Octostruma Forel 1912 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) + + + +A revision of the ant genus Octostruma Forel 1912 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) - - -Author + + +Author -Longino, John T +Longino, John T -text - - -Zootaxa +text + + +Zootaxa - -2013 - -3699 + +2013 + +3699 - -1 -61 + +1 +61 -journal article -27552 -10.11646/zootaxa.3699.1.1 -65A19D30-8E7A-4073-B92B-9709F8384752 +journal article +27552 +10.11646/zootaxa.3699.1.1 - - - - + + + + Octostruma pexidorsum -Longino +Longino , -sp. nov. +sp. nov. - -(Figs 1I, 34, 44) + +(Figs 1I, 34, 44) - -Type material. Holotype worker: COLOMBIA, Amazonas: 7 km N Leticia [-4.1466, -69.9343, unknown error], 75 m, 10 Feb 1972, forest, leaf litter (S. & J. Peck, B-230) [MCZC, unique specimen identifier MCZ-ENT 00511319]. Paratype workers: same data [CAS, MCZ-ENT00511314; USNM, MCZ-ENT00511315; JTLC, MCZ-ENT00511316; MCZC, MCZ-ENT00511317, MCZ-ENT00511318, MCZ-ENT00511320, MCZ- -ENT00511321, MCZ-ENT00511322]. + +Type material. Holotype worker: COLOMBIA, Amazonas: 7 km N Leticia [-4.1466, -69.9343, unknown error], 75 m, 10 Feb 1972, forest, leaf litter (S. & J. Peck, B-230) [MCZC, unique specimen identifier MCZ-ENT 00511319]. Paratype workers: same data [CAS, MCZ-ENT00511314; USNM, MCZ-ENT00511315; JTLC, MCZ-ENT00511316; MCZC, MCZ-ENT00511317, MCZ-ENT00511318, MCZ-ENT00511320, MCZ- +ENT00511321, MCZ-ENT00511322]. - -Geographic range. Colombia. + +Geographic range. Colombia. - - + + Diagnosis. Face lacking transverse arcuate carina; basal five teeth of mandible acute; labrum longer than wide, sides nearly parallel, apex bluntly rounded, not bilobed; face densely punctate; ground pilosity of face, dorsal promesonotum, and first gastral tergite conspicuous, composed of thin, yellow, suberect and strongly curved setae, giving dorsum a scruffy or wooly appearance; pair of long filiform setae projecting from petiolar peduncle anterior to spiracle, shorter filiform setae projecting from sides of postpetiole and anteromedian first gastral sternite (these filiform setae otherwise only known in -O. iheringi +O. iheringi , see Fig. 11). - -Description. Worker. HW 0.63-0.71, HL 0.59-0.65, WL 0.66-0.74, CI 107-111 (n=3). Labrum as in Fig. 1I, longer than wide, sides nearly parallel, apex bluntly rounded, not bilobed; mandible triangular, in profile view with mandible closed, in same plane as clypeus, apex of mandible not down-turned; with mandible fully open, dorsal face remains in same plane as clypeus; mandible with 8 teeth, tooth 1 continuous with basal rim of dorsal surface, all teeth acute; tooth 1 smaller than teeth 2-5 and 8, teeth 5-8 forming an apical fork, with 5 and 8 large, 6 and 7 small partially confluent denticles; on one specimen with spread mandibles, a minute denticle between teeth 3 and 4; dorsal surface of mandible roughened; ventral surface flat and parallel to clypeus apically, twisting basally to nearly perpendicular orientation basally, smooth and shining; interior surface concave, smooth and shining; scape flattened, with pronounced anterobasal lobe, dorsal surface minutely densely punctate; clypeus with broad, shallow emargination anteriorly; clypeus and anterior face roughened and dull, grading to densely punctate on medial and posterior face; frontal carinae faint, nearly obsolete; antennal socket deep, dorsal rim of socket continuous with pronounced dorsal margin of antennal scrobe; antennal scrobe deep, strongly delimited dorsally, posteriorly, and ventrally with sharply defined thin cuticular rim; compound eye small, circular, composed of about 7 ommatidia; distinct carina extends from ventral margin of antennal socket across floor of scrobe to compound eye; scrobe floor faintly foveolate; occipital carina short, not extending anterior to occipital foramen; undersurface of head punctate. Mesosomal dorsum evenly convex in profile, promesonotal suture and metanotal groove not impressed; propodeum with distinct dorsal and posterior faces; propodeal spines well-developed, in the form of acute, laterally flattened plates, inner surface concave; a few transverse rugulae between propodeal spines; propodeal spiracle large, filling space between ventral margin of propodeal spine and metapleural lobe, extending posteriorly to form posterior margin of propodeum; entire pronotum, mesonotum, and dorsal face of propodeum densely punctate; mesopleuron and side of propodeum confluent, dorsal portion punctate, ventral portion smooth, matte; posterior face of propodeum faintly foveolate and sublucid. - + +Description. Worker. HW 0.63-0.71, HL 0.59-0.65, WL 0.66-0.74, CI 107-111 (n=3). Labrum as in Fig. 1I, longer than wide, sides nearly parallel, apex bluntly rounded, not bilobed; mandible triangular, in profile view with mandible closed, in same plane as clypeus, apex of mandible not down-turned; with mandible fully open, dorsal face remains in same plane as clypeus; mandible with 8 teeth, tooth 1 continuous with basal rim of dorsal surface, all teeth acute; tooth 1 smaller than teeth 2-5 and 8, teeth 5-8 forming an apical fork, with 5 and 8 large, 6 and 7 small partially confluent denticles; on one specimen with spread mandibles, a minute denticle between teeth 3 and 4; dorsal surface of mandible roughened; ventral surface flat and parallel to clypeus apically, twisting basally to nearly perpendicular orientation basally, smooth and shining; interior surface concave, smooth and shining; scape flattened, with pronounced anterobasal lobe, dorsal surface minutely densely punctate; clypeus with broad, shallow emargination anteriorly; clypeus and anterior face roughened and dull, grading to densely punctate on medial and posterior face; frontal carinae faint, nearly obsolete; antennal socket deep, dorsal rim of socket continuous with pronounced dorsal margin of antennal scrobe; antennal scrobe deep, strongly delimited dorsally, posteriorly, and ventrally with sharply defined thin cuticular rim; compound eye small, circular, composed of about 7 ommatidia; distinct carina extends from ventral margin of antennal socket across floor of scrobe to compound eye; scrobe floor faintly foveolate; occipital carina short, not extending anterior to occipital foramen; undersurface of head punctate. Mesosomal dorsum evenly convex in profile, promesonotal suture and metanotal groove not impressed; propodeum with distinct dorsal and posterior faces; propodeal spines well-developed, in the form of acute, laterally flattened plates, inner surface concave; a few transverse rugulae between propodeal spines; propodeal spiracle large, filling space between ventral margin of propodeal spine and metapleural lobe, extending posteriorly to form posterior margin of propodeum; entire pronotum, mesonotum, and dorsal face of propodeum densely punctate; mesopleuron and side of propodeum confluent, dorsal portion punctate, ventral portion smooth, matte; posterior face of propodeum faintly foveolate and sublucid. + Petiole in profile with peduncle differentiated from node, node with differentiated anterior face, posterodorsal face sloping to acute posterior rim; anteroventral margin with pronounced, anteriorly-directed peg-like tooth; postpetiole low, broad, crescent-shaped in dorsal view; dorsum of petiolar node and postpetiole densely punctate; -first +first gastral tergite and sternite densely punctate, -puncta +puncta of sternite larger and more widely spaced than -puncta +puncta of tergite. -Anterior labral lobe with radiating tufi of soft, thick, translucent, capitate setae of unequal length projecting from apex (like Fig. 2); each larger mandibular tooth with fully appressed seta running length of tooth; anterior margin of scape with about 7 stiff slightly clavate setae, seta on basal lobe longest, no seta proximal to this longest seta; ground pilosity of face, dorsal promesonotum, and first gastral tergite conspicuous, composed of thin, yellow, suberect and strongly curved setae, giving dorsum a scruffy or wooly appearance; face with 2-6 long, thin, stiff, erect setae, posteromedian pair always present, other variably distributed on lateral and posterolateral margins; mesonotum and petiolar node each with a pair of stiff, weakly clavate setae; apex of mesotibia with 2 stiff setae; postpetiole with 0-2 weakly clavate setae; first gastral tergite with 8-14 erect weakly clavate setae; first gastral sternite with abundant short stiff setae; pair of long filiform setae projecting from petiolar peduncle anterior to spiracle, shorter filiform setae projecting from sides of postpetiole and anteromedian first gastral sternite; ground pilosity of first gastral tergite sparse, seta length less than distance between them. -Color dark brown. -The queen is unknown. +Anterior labral lobe with radiating tufi of soft, thick, translucent, capitate setae of unequal length projecting from apex (like Fig. 2); each larger mandibular tooth with fully appressed seta running length of tooth; anterior margin of scape with about 7 stiff slightly clavate setae, seta on basal lobe longest, no seta proximal to this longest seta; ground pilosity of face, dorsal promesonotum, and first gastral tergite conspicuous, composed of thin, yellow, suberect and strongly curved setae, giving dorsum a scruffy or wooly appearance; face with 2-6 long, thin, stiff, erect setae, posteromedian pair always present, other variably distributed on lateral and posterolateral margins; mesonotum and petiolar node each with a pair of stiff, weakly clavate setae; apex of mesotibia with 2 stiff setae; postpetiole with 0-2 weakly clavate setae; first gastral tergite with 8-14 erect weakly clavate setae; first gastral sternite with abundant short stiff setae; pair of long filiform setae projecting from petiolar peduncle anterior to spiracle, shorter filiform setae projecting from sides of postpetiole and anteromedian first gastral sternite; ground pilosity of first gastral tergite sparse, seta length less than distance between them. +Color dark brown. +The queen is unknown. - -Biology. The type series is from lowland Amazonian rainforest, in a Berlese sample of forest floor litter. + +Biology. The type series is from lowland Amazonian rainforest, in a Berlese sample of forest floor litter. - - + + Etymology. The -name +name refers to the wooly ground pilosity. It is a noun in apposition and thus invariant. diff --git a/data/52/43/C9/5243C97860DBA7F93120F54F7373EA67.xml b/data/52/43/C9/5243C97860DBA7F93120F54F7373EA67.xml index d4085e477ff..06a3e8be9e9 100644 --- a/data/52/43/C9/5243C97860DBA7F93120F54F7373EA67.xml +++ b/data/52/43/C9/5243C97860DBA7F93120F54F7373EA67.xml @@ -1,89 +1,88 @@ - - - -A revision of the ant genus Octostruma Forel 1912 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) + + + +A revision of the ant genus Octostruma Forel 1912 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) - - -Author + + +Author -Longino, John T +Longino, John T -text - - -Zootaxa +text + + +Zootaxa - -2013 - -3699 + +2013 + +3699 - -1 -61 + +1 +61 -journal article -27552 -10.11646/zootaxa.3699.1.1 -65A19D30-8E7A-4073-B92B-9709F8384752 +journal article +27552 +10.11646/zootaxa.3699.1.1 - - - - + + + + Octostruma megabalzani -Longino +Longino , -sp. nov. +sp. nov. - -(Figs 1E, 3D, 5B, 9B, 31, 42) + +(Figs 1E, 3D, 5B, 9B, 31, 42) - - + + Type material. Holotype worker: PANAMA, Chiriqui: 24 km W El Hato del Volcan [8.833, -82.754, -+/- ++/- 10 km], 1160 m, 26 Jun 1976, cloud forest, ex sifted leaf litter (A. F. Newton) [MCZC, unique specimen identifier MCZ-ENT 00511006]. Paratype queen, worker: same data [MCZC, MCZ-ENT00511004; USNM, MCZ-ENT00511005]. Geographic range. Bolivia, Peru, western Panama, southern Costa Rica. - - + + Diagnosis. Differing from -O. balzani +O. balzani as follows ( -O. balzani +O. balzani characters in parentheses): petiole with a pair of erect setae (typically lacking); postpetiole with 2-4 erect setae (0-2); first gastral tergite with 16-22 erect setae, -more +more or less evenly distributed on tergite, gastral setae stiff, flattened, but nearly linear, very weakly clavate (first gastral tergite with 4-16 erect setae, these clustered posteriorly, relatively more broadened apically); color dark brown (red brown); HW 0.61-0.66 (HW 0.50-0.63). - - + + Description. Worker. HW 0.61-0.66, HL 0.56-0.61, WL 0.60-0.66, CI 107-111 (n=7). Similar in most respects to -O. balzani +O. balzani except for the characters in the diagnosis. -Queen. HW 0.67, HL 0.62, WL 0.84, CI 108 (n=1). Labrum, mandible, scape, antennal scrobe, and head sculpture similar to worker; face with 8 erect setae distributed symmetrically around lateral and posterior margins of head, a seta on low ridge in front of each compound eye, 6 setae across vertex between compound eyes; ocelli distinct; compound eye large, multifaceted, about 12 ommatidia in longest row. -Mesosoma with queen-typical alar sclerites; sculpture like workers; anepisternum and katepisternum separated by strong sulcus; posterodorsal propodeum concave; propodeal spines pronounced, in the form of flattened perpendicular plates, acute in profile; pronotum with 4 erect setae, mesoscutum with 10, axilla with 1, scutellum with 2, metanotum with 2, petiolar node with 2, postpetiole and gaster missing from single queen available for examination. Other characters similar to worker. +Queen. HW 0.67, HL 0.62, WL 0.84, CI 108 (n=1). Labrum, mandible, scape, antennal scrobe, and head sculpture similar to worker; face with 8 erect setae distributed symmetrically around lateral and posterior margins of head, a seta on low ridge in front of each compound eye, 6 setae across vertex between compound eyes; ocelli distinct; compound eye large, multifaceted, about 12 ommatidia in longest row. +Mesosoma with queen-typical alar sclerites; sculpture like workers; anepisternum and katepisternum separated by strong sulcus; posterodorsal propodeum concave; propodeal spines pronounced, in the form of flattened perpendicular plates, acute in profile; pronotum with 4 erect setae, mesoscutum with 10, axilla with 1, scutellum with 2, metanotum with 2, petiolar node with 2, postpetiole and gaster missing from single queen available for examination. Other characters similar to worker. - - + + Biology. -Octostruma megabalzani +Octostruma megabalzani is a montane species. The lowest elevation record is 950 m in Panama, and the highest record is 2000 m in southern Peru. It has been collected most often in mature cloud forest and montane oak forest habitats, but has also been collected in litter beneath cultivated coffee. All collections are from Berlese and Winkler samples of sifted litter and rotten wood from the forest floor. - - + + Comments. The Andean and Central American specimens of -O. megabalzani +O. megabalzani appear identical. Both occur in elevational parapatry with lowland -O. balzani +O. balzani . Whether the Andean and Central American populations are members of one montane clade or convergently evolved montane forms is an open question. diff --git a/data/63/E2/2A/63E22A50F997F62C0A71DD541F13B3CC.xml b/data/63/E2/2A/63E22A50F997F62C0A71DD541F13B3CC.xml index bf64bfc1ea5..7d02889c986 100644 --- a/data/63/E2/2A/63E22A50F997F62C0A71DD541F13B3CC.xml +++ b/data/63/E2/2A/63E22A50F997F62C0A71DD541F13B3CC.xml @@ -1,161 +1,160 @@ - - - -A revision of the ant genus Octostruma Forel 1912 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) + + + +A revision of the ant genus Octostruma Forel 1912 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) - - -Author + + +Author -Longino, John T +Longino, John T -text - - -Zootaxa +text + + +Zootaxa - -2013 - -3699 + +2013 + +3699 - -1 -61 + +1 +61 -journal article -27552 -10.11646/zootaxa.3699.1.1 -65A19D30-8E7A-4073-B92B-9709F8384752 +journal article +27552 +10.11646/zootaxa.3699.1.1 - - - -Octostruma amrishi + + + +Octostruma amrishi (Makhan, 2007) Revised Status - -(Figs 1E, 3D, 5C, 15, 42) + +(Figs 1E, 3D, 5C, 15, 42) - - -Pyramica amrishi Makhan + + +Pyramica amrishi Makhan 2007:1, figs. 1,2. Holotype worker: Suriname, Kasikasima, 27 Mar 1996 (D. Makhan) [repository unknown; see discussion in Bolton et al., 2008] (not examined). Combination in -Octostruma +Octostruma ; junior synonym of -Octostruma balzani +Octostruma balzani : Bolton, Sosa-Calvo, et al. 2008: 62. Revised Status. - -Geographic range. Honduras to southern Peru and Amazonian Brazil. + +Geographic range. Honduras to southern Peru and Amazonian Brazil. - - + + Description. Worker. HW 0.54-0.64, HL 0.50-0.60, WL 0.54-0.70, CI 106-110 (n=8). Matching in most respects the description for -O. balzani +O. balzani ; mandible with 8 teeth (Fig. 3D), tooth 1 a broad blunt lamella, strongly differentiated from tooth 2, teeth 2-5 acute, similar in shape, with denticles between them; teeth 5-8 forming an apical fork, with 5 and 8 large, 6 and 7 small partially confluent denticles ( -O. balzani +O. balzani complex); face setation as in Fig. 5C, lacking erect setae on posterolateral margins of head (present in - + O. balzani -, O. megabalzani +, O. megabalzani , and -O. trithrix +O. trithrix ), a medial pair present on vertex margin (lacking in -O. gymnogon +O. gymnogon ); mesosomal dorsum usually lacking a pair of erect setae (present in - + O. balzani -, O. megabalzani +, O. megabalzani , and -O. trithrix +O. trithrix ); metanotal groove usually not impressed in profile view (impressed in - + O. balzani -, O. megabalzani +, O. megabalzani ). When sympatric with - + O. balzani -, O. amrishi +, O. amrishi is often a lighter red brown. - - -FIGURE + + +FIGURE 14. Full face view of -Octostruma +Octostruma queens. -A. O. wheeleri +A. O. wheeleri . B. -O. cyrtinotum +O. cyrtinotum . -C. O. iheringi +C. O. iheringi . -D. O. balzani +D. O. balzani . -E. O. obtusidens +E. O. obtusidens . F. -O. excertirugis +O. excertirugis . -G. O. rugiferoides +G. O. rugiferoides . -H. O. convallis +H. O. convallis . I. -O. ascrobis +O. ascrobis . Scale bars are 0.2 mm. - - + + FIGURE 15. -Octostruma amrishi +Octostruma amrishi , worker (INBIOCRI001259486, Costa Rica), face and lateral views. Scale bar = 0.25 mm face view, 0.5 mm lateral view. - + Queen (previously undescribed). HW 0.60, HL 0.56, WL 0.73, CI 106 (n=1). Similar in all respects to -O. balzani +O. balzani . - - + + Biology. -Octostruma amrishi +Octostruma amrishi is a lowland to lower montane species. It occurs mostly in mature wet forest, less often in second growth forest. In the northern part of the range in Central America, where -O. gymnogon +O. gymnogon does not -occur +occur , it extends into cloud forest to 1500 m. In southern Central America, where -O. gymnogon +O. gymnogon occurs, it exhibits an elevationally parapatric distribution with -O. gymnogon +O. gymnogon and is restricted to elevations below 600 m. Almost all collections are from Berlese and Winkler samples of sifted litter and rotten wood from the forest floor. Dealate queens and intercaste workers occasionally occur together with workers in litter samples. One collection was of foragers on clay soil in a rainforest. See additional comments under -O. balzani +O. balzani . - - + + Comments. Sampling of -Octostruma +Octostruma is less thorough in South America than in Central America, but specimens that match the morphology of -O. amrishi +O. amrishi occur in lowland to midmontane rainforest in northern South America and throughout the Amazonian lowlands. Specimens from the southern portion of the range, including Amazonian Brazil and the eastern and western foothills of the Ecuadorian Andes, show reduced punctation on the first gastral tergite, becoming smooth and shining on a variable extent of the posterior portion of the tergite. See additional comments under -O. balzani +O. balzani . - + Although the type of -O. amrishi +O. amrishi was not examined, if it exists, the characteristic setal pattern can be seen on the figures in the original publication. diff --git a/data/66/3D/D1/663DD175FC7AF8D9FCA8E26BCA2F2293.xml b/data/66/3D/D1/663DD175FC7AF8D9FCA8E26BCA2F2293.xml index 19544ab4b84..a4a525730db 100644 --- a/data/66/3D/D1/663DD175FC7AF8D9FCA8E26BCA2F2293.xml +++ b/data/66/3D/D1/663DD175FC7AF8D9FCA8E26BCA2F2293.xml @@ -1,99 +1,98 @@ - - - -A revision of the ant genus Octostruma Forel 1912 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) + + + +A revision of the ant genus Octostruma Forel 1912 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) - - -Author + + +Author -Longino, John T +Longino, John T -text - - -Zootaxa +text + + +Zootaxa - -2013 - -3699 + +2013 + +3699 - -1 -61 + +1 +61 -journal article -27552 -10.11646/zootaxa.3699.1.1 -65A19D30-8E7A-4073-B92B-9709F8384752 +journal article +27552 +10.11646/zootaxa.3699.1.1 - - - - + + + + Octostruma gymnosoma -Longino +Longino , -sp. nov. +sp. nov. - -(Figs 1B, 3B, 5M, 25, 43) + +(Figs 1B, 3B, 5M, 25, 43) - - + + Type material. Holotype worker: MEXICO, Chiapas: 2km SE Custepec,15.72099, -92.95054, -+/- ++/- 200 m, 1520 m, mesophil forest, ex sifted leaf litter, 17 May 2008 (LLAMA, Wm-A-02-1) [CAS, unique specimen identifier JTLC000015356]. Paratype workers: same data [ECOSCE, CASENT0609703; JTLC, CASENT0627366]. Geographic range. Mexico (Chiapas). - - -Diagnosis + + +Diagnosis . Face lacking transverse arcuate carina; basal five teeth of mandible acute; apex of labrum bilobed; face and mesosomal dorsum lacking erect setae. - -Description. Worker. HW 0.88-0.98, HL 0.76-0.82, WL 0.91-1.07, CI 115-120 (n=3). Labrum as in Fig. 1B, triangular, about as long as wide, strap-like lateral portions converging from base to near apex, joined by thin translucent cuticle medially but leaving distinctly bilobed apex, with short median notch; mandible triangular, in profile view with mandible closed, in same plane as clypeus, apex of mandible not strongly down-turned; with mandible fully open, dorsal face remains in same plane as clypeus; mandible with 8 teeth (Fig. 3B), tooth 1 continuous with basal rim of dorsal surface, teeth 1-5 acute, similar in shape, teeth 5-8 forming an apical fork, with 5 and 8 large, 6 and 7 small partially confluent denticles; dorsal surface of mandible roughened; ventral surface flat and parallel to clypeus apically, twisting basally to nearly perpendicular orientation basally, smooth and shining; interior surface concave, smooth and shining; scape flattened, with pronounced anterobasal lobe, dorsal surface very faintly sculptured; clypeus with broad, shallow emargination anteriorly; clypeus and face matte, with very faint sculpture, nearly smooth (difficult to determine sculptural detail; three known specimens have a thin layer of wax-like material on face); frontal carinae faint, nearly obsolete; antennal socket deep, dorsal rim of socket continuous with pronounced dorsal margin of antennal scrobe; antennal scrobe deep, strongly delimited dorsally, posteriorly, and ventrally with sharply defined thin cuticular rim; compound eye small, circular, composed of about 7 ommatidia; distinct carina extends from ventral margin of antennal socket across floor of scrobe to compound eye; scrobe floor matte, faintly foveolate anteriorly, grading to smooth posteriorly; occipital carina distinct, extending anteriorly on ventral surface of head nearly to hypostoma; postgenal suture visible as dark line on undersurface of head; undersurface sculpture similar to face. -Promesonotum moderately convex in profile, promesonotal suture moderately impressed, medial mesonotum with shallow longitudinal impression; metanotal groove moderately impressed, inconspicuous in profile view, stronger in dorsal view, with coarse longitudinal rugae in depression; propodeum with distinct dorsal and posterior faces; dorsal face flat, sloping; propodeal spines well-developed, in the form of acute flat translucent perpendicular plates, extending ventrally as thin carinae; a few thin carinulae extend between propodeal spines, separating dorsal and posterior faces of propodeum; propodeal spiracle small, diameter much less than width of base of propodeal spine, slightly projecting on low tubercle, located below propodeal spine and anterior to posterior margin of propodeum; all surfaces of mesosoma matte except posterior face of propodeum, which is shiny; dorsum of pronotum and lateral mesonotum irregularly rugose, medial impression of mesonotum smooth, dorsal face of propodeum faintly punctate, posterior face of propodeum smooth, lateral pronotum very faintly punctate; meso-metapleuron and side of propodeum confluent, smooth. - + +Description. Worker. HW 0.88-0.98, HL 0.76-0.82, WL 0.91-1.07, CI 115-120 (n=3). Labrum as in Fig. 1B, triangular, about as long as wide, strap-like lateral portions converging from base to near apex, joined by thin translucent cuticle medially but leaving distinctly bilobed apex, with short median notch; mandible triangular, in profile view with mandible closed, in same plane as clypeus, apex of mandible not strongly down-turned; with mandible fully open, dorsal face remains in same plane as clypeus; mandible with 8 teeth (Fig. 3B), tooth 1 continuous with basal rim of dorsal surface, teeth 1-5 acute, similar in shape, teeth 5-8 forming an apical fork, with 5 and 8 large, 6 and 7 small partially confluent denticles; dorsal surface of mandible roughened; ventral surface flat and parallel to clypeus apically, twisting basally to nearly perpendicular orientation basally, smooth and shining; interior surface concave, smooth and shining; scape flattened, with pronounced anterobasal lobe, dorsal surface very faintly sculptured; clypeus with broad, shallow emargination anteriorly; clypeus and face matte, with very faint sculpture, nearly smooth (difficult to determine sculptural detail; three known specimens have a thin layer of wax-like material on face); frontal carinae faint, nearly obsolete; antennal socket deep, dorsal rim of socket continuous with pronounced dorsal margin of antennal scrobe; antennal scrobe deep, strongly delimited dorsally, posteriorly, and ventrally with sharply defined thin cuticular rim; compound eye small, circular, composed of about 7 ommatidia; distinct carina extends from ventral margin of antennal socket across floor of scrobe to compound eye; scrobe floor matte, faintly foveolate anteriorly, grading to smooth posteriorly; occipital carina distinct, extending anteriorly on ventral surface of head nearly to hypostoma; postgenal suture visible as dark line on undersurface of head; undersurface sculpture similar to face. +Promesonotum moderately convex in profile, promesonotal suture moderately impressed, medial mesonotum with shallow longitudinal impression; metanotal groove moderately impressed, inconspicuous in profile view, stronger in dorsal view, with coarse longitudinal rugae in depression; propodeum with distinct dorsal and posterior faces; dorsal face flat, sloping; propodeal spines well-developed, in the form of acute flat translucent perpendicular plates, extending ventrally as thin carinae; a few thin carinulae extend between propodeal spines, separating dorsal and posterior faces of propodeum; propodeal spiracle small, diameter much less than width of base of propodeal spine, slightly projecting on low tubercle, located below propodeal spine and anterior to posterior margin of propodeum; all surfaces of mesosoma matte except posterior face of propodeum, which is shiny; dorsum of pronotum and lateral mesonotum irregularly rugose, medial impression of mesonotum smooth, dorsal face of propodeum faintly punctate, posterior face of propodeum smooth, lateral pronotum very faintly punctate; meso-metapleuron and side of propodeum confluent, smooth. + Petiole in profile with peduncle differentiated from node, node with differentiated anterior face; node triangular, with posterodorsal face long, sloping, medially impressed; anteroventral margin with acute tooth; postpetiole low, broad, crescent-shaped in dorsal view; dorsa of petiolar node and postpetiole faintly sculptured like frons; first gastral tergite covered with very faint, dense, confluent -puncta +puncta , appearing shagreened; first gastral sternite anteriorly smooth, shiny to faintly shagreened, posteriorly punctate, interspaces subequal in width to -puncta +puncta , smooth and shining. -Anterior labral lobe with radiating tuft of soft, thick, translucent, capitate setae of unequal length projecting from apex (like Fig. 2); each larger mandibular tooth with fully appressed seta running length of tooth; anterior margin of scape with about 10 spatulate setae; clypeus and face with fine, sparse fully appressed ground pilosity; face, mesosomal dorsum, petiole, postpetiole, and first gastral tergite lacking erect setae; mesotibia with moderately abundant ground pilosity, about 5 short spatulate setae at apex; second and subsequent gastral tergites with usual complement of clavate setae; first gastral sternite with abundant short clavate setae on posterior half to two thirds, anterior portion devoid of setae. -Color dark brown. -The queen is unknown. +Anterior labral lobe with radiating tuft of soft, thick, translucent, capitate setae of unequal length projecting from apex (like Fig. 2); each larger mandibular tooth with fully appressed seta running length of tooth; anterior margin of scape with about 10 spatulate setae; clypeus and face with fine, sparse fully appressed ground pilosity; face, mesosomal dorsum, petiole, postpetiole, and first gastral tergite lacking erect setae; mesotibia with moderately abundant ground pilosity, about 5 short spatulate setae at apex; second and subsequent gastral tergites with usual complement of clavate setae; first gastral sternite with abundant short clavate setae on posterior half to two thirds, anterior portion devoid of setae. +Color dark brown. +The queen is unknown. - - + + Biology. -Octostruma gymnosoma +Octostruma gymnosoma is known only from the three type workers, all from one Winkler sample of sifted litter and rotten wood from the forest floor. The sample was taken in mesophyll cloud forest in the Sierra Madre de Chiapas, at 1520 m elevation. - - + + Comments. This is the largest Central American species. It is very similar to the allopatric -O. schusteri +O. schusteri , from -Volcan -Atitlan +Volcan +Atitlan in Guatemala. The two differ only in the presence of spatulate setae on the face of -O. schusteri +O. schusteri . - - + + Etymology. The -name +name refers to the general lack of spatulate setae on the dorsal surfaces. It is a noun in apposition and thus invariant. diff --git a/data/68/64/5E/68645E1B1DD03235223A7166B598896C.xml b/data/68/64/5E/68645E1B1DD03235223A7166B598896C.xml index 40ec688f1b0..194063dd431 100644 --- a/data/68/64/5E/68645E1B1DD03235223A7166B598896C.xml +++ b/data/68/64/5E/68645E1B1DD03235223A7166B598896C.xml @@ -1,124 +1,123 @@ - - - -A revision of the ant genus Octostruma Forel 1912 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) + + + +A revision of the ant genus Octostruma Forel 1912 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) - - -Author + + +Author -Longino, John T +Longino, John T -text - - -Zootaxa +text + + +Zootaxa - -2013 - -3699 + +2013 + +3699 - -1 -61 + +1 +61 -journal article -27552 -10.11646/zootaxa.3699.1.1 -65A19D30-8E7A-4073-B92B-9709F8384752 +journal article +27552 +10.11646/zootaxa.3699.1.1 - - - -Octostruma wheeleri + + + +Octostruma wheeleri (Mann, 1922) - -(Figs 1A, 3A, 5I, 14A, 41, 43) + +(Figs 1A, 3A, 5I, 14A, 41, 43) - - -Rhopalothrix (Octostruma) wheeleri Mann + + +Rhopalothrix (Octostruma) wheeleri Mann , 1922: 43. Holotype worker: Guatemala, Livingston (Barber & Schwarz) [USNM] (not examined). Combination in -Octostruma +Octostruma : Brown, 1949: 92. - -Geographic range. Mexico (Chiapas), Guatemala, Honduras, Costa Rica, Panama. + +Geographic range. Mexico (Chiapas), Guatemala, Honduras, Costa Rica, Panama. - -Description. Worker. HW 0.69-0.85, HL 0.63-0.75, WL 0.75-1.05, CI 108-114 (n=10). Labrum as in Fig. 1A, sides straight, strap-like lateral portions converging from base to apex, fused apically (not bilobed, at most with minute notch apically), joined medially by thin translucent cuticle; mandible triangular, in profile view with mandible closed, in same plane as clypeus, apex of mandible not down-turned; mandible with 8 teeth (Fig. 3A), basal rim of dorsal surface slightly offset from base of tooth 1, forming small denticle, teeth 1-5 acute, similar in shape, teeth 5-8 forming an apical fork, with 5 and 8 large, 6 and 7 small partially confluent denticles; dorsal surface of mandible roughened; ventral surface flat and parallel to clypeus apically, twisting basally to nearly perpendicular orientation basally, smooth and shining; interior surface concave, smooth and shining; scape flattened, with pronounced anterobasal lobe, dorsal surface roughened, dull; clypeus with broad, shallow emargination anteriorly; clypeus and face sculpture varying from almost completely smooth to very shallowly, irregularly rugulose, generally matte; frontal carinae faint, nearly obsolete; antennal socket deep, dorsal rim of socket continuous with pronounced dorsal margin of antennal scrobe; antennal scrobe deep, strongly delimited dorsally, posteriorly, and ventrally with sharply defined thin cuticular rim; compound eye small, circular, composed of about 7 ommatidia; distinct carina extends from ventral margin of antennal socket across floor of scrobe to compound eye; scrobe floor faintly foveolate, matte; vertex margin anterior to occipital carina smooth, sublucid (top of head, not visible in face view); occipital carina extends anteriorly on ventral surface of head to level of compound eye; undersurface of head rugulose. - + +Description. Worker. HW 0.69-0.85, HL 0.63-0.75, WL 0.75-1.05, CI 108-114 (n=10). Labrum as in Fig. 1A, sides straight, strap-like lateral portions converging from base to apex, fused apically (not bilobed, at most with minute notch apically), joined medially by thin translucent cuticle; mandible triangular, in profile view with mandible closed, in same plane as clypeus, apex of mandible not down-turned; mandible with 8 teeth (Fig. 3A), basal rim of dorsal surface slightly offset from base of tooth 1, forming small denticle, teeth 1-5 acute, similar in shape, teeth 5-8 forming an apical fork, with 5 and 8 large, 6 and 7 small partially confluent denticles; dorsal surface of mandible roughened; ventral surface flat and parallel to clypeus apically, twisting basally to nearly perpendicular orientation basally, smooth and shining; interior surface concave, smooth and shining; scape flattened, with pronounced anterobasal lobe, dorsal surface roughened, dull; clypeus with broad, shallow emargination anteriorly; clypeus and face sculpture varying from almost completely smooth to very shallowly, irregularly rugulose, generally matte; frontal carinae faint, nearly obsolete; antennal socket deep, dorsal rim of socket continuous with pronounced dorsal margin of antennal scrobe; antennal scrobe deep, strongly delimited dorsally, posteriorly, and ventrally with sharply defined thin cuticular rim; compound eye small, circular, composed of about 7 ommatidia; distinct carina extends from ventral margin of antennal socket across floor of scrobe to compound eye; scrobe floor faintly foveolate, matte; vertex margin anterior to occipital carina smooth, sublucid (top of head, not visible in face view); occipital carina extends anteriorly on ventral surface of head to level of compound eye; undersurface of head rugulose. + Promesonotum convex in profile, promesonotal suture not impressed; metanotal groove not impressed; propodeum with distinct dorsal and posterior faces; dorsal face weakly convex; propodeal spines well-developed, in the form of acute flattened perpendicular plates, extending ventrally as thin carinae; single well-defined -transverse +transverse carina extends between propodeal spines, separating dorsal and posterior faces of propodeum; propodeal spiracle medium-size, diameter less than width of base of propodeal spine, located below propodeal spine and abutting posterior margin; most surfaces of mesosoma matte, dorsal face of propodeum sublucid, posterior face shining; dorsum of promesonotum with sculpture similar to face, dorsal and posterior face of propodeum smooth, lateral pronotum smooth; meso-metapleuron and side of propodeum confluent, smooth. - - + + FIGURE 41. -Octostruma wheeleri +Octostruma wheeleri , worker (JTLC000010028, Mexico, Chiapas), queen (CASENT0627351, Mexico, Chiapas), face and lateral views. Scale bar = 0.2 mm face views, 0.5 mm lateral views. -Petiole in profile with peduncle differentiated from node, node with differentiated anterior face; node triangular, with long sloping dorsal face; anteroventral margin with peg-like tooth; postpetiole low, broad, crescent-shaped in dorsal view; dorsum of petiolar node and postpetiole shallowly rugulose, matte; first gastral tergite densely punctate, interspaces sublucid; first gastral sternite uniformly punctate. -Anterior labral lobe with radiating tuft of soft, thick, translucent, capitate setae of unequal length projecting from apex (like Fig. 2); each larger mandibular tooth with fully appressed seta running length of tooth; anterior margin of scape with about 8 stiff clavate setae; clypeus and face with fine, sparse fully appressed ground pilosity; face typically with 6 erect clavate setae arranged as in Fig. 5I; mesosomal dorsum lacking erect setae; mesotibia with about 5 clavate seta of variable length at apex; petiole, postpetiole, first gastral tergite lacking erect setae; ground pilosity of first gastral tergite short, sparse, fully appressed; first gastral sternite with abundant clavate setae clustered on posterior half, anterior half devoid of setae. -Color dark brown. -Queen (previously undescribed). HW 0.86, HL 0.75, WL 1.06, CI 115 (n=1). Head shape as in Fig. 14A; labrum, mandible, scape, antennal scrobe similar to worker; clypeus and face shallowly irregularly rugulose, tops of rugulae sublucid; face with one pair erect setae in front of eyes, one pair on posterolateral margin, one pair on posteromedian margin, one pair on medial frons (8 total); ocelli distinct; compound eye large, multifaceted, about 12 ommatidia in longest row. - +Petiole in profile with peduncle differentiated from node, node with differentiated anterior face; node triangular, with long sloping dorsal face; anteroventral margin with peg-like tooth; postpetiole low, broad, crescent-shaped in dorsal view; dorsum of petiolar node and postpetiole shallowly rugulose, matte; first gastral tergite densely punctate, interspaces sublucid; first gastral sternite uniformly punctate. +Anterior labral lobe with radiating tuft of soft, thick, translucent, capitate setae of unequal length projecting from apex (like Fig. 2); each larger mandibular tooth with fully appressed seta running length of tooth; anterior margin of scape with about 8 stiff clavate setae; clypeus and face with fine, sparse fully appressed ground pilosity; face typically with 6 erect clavate setae arranged as in Fig. 5I; mesosomal dorsum lacking erect setae; mesotibia with about 5 clavate seta of variable length at apex; petiole, postpetiole, first gastral tergite lacking erect setae; ground pilosity of first gastral tergite short, sparse, fully appressed; first gastral sternite with abundant clavate setae clustered on posterior half, anterior half devoid of setae. +Color dark brown. +Queen (previously undescribed). HW 0.86, HL 0.75, WL 1.06, CI 115 (n=1). Head shape as in Fig. 14A; labrum, mandible, scape, antennal scrobe similar to worker; clypeus and face shallowly irregularly rugulose, tops of rugulae sublucid; face with one pair erect setae in front of eyes, one pair on posterolateral margin, one pair on posteromedian margin, one pair on medial frons (8 total); ocelli distinct; compound eye large, multifaceted, about 12 ommatidia in longest row. + Mesosoma with queen-typical alar sclerites; pronotum matte, faintly and sparsely punctate anteriorly and laterally, coarsely rugulose on humeri; mesoscutum, scutellum, dorsal face propodeum coarsely longitudinally -rugose +rugose ; anepisternum and katepisternum separated by strong sulcus; anepisternum, katepisternum, and side of propodeum matte, smooth; propodeal spines triangular, acute; pronotum with 2 erect setae, mesoscutum with about 12, axilla with 1, scutellum with 2, metanotum with 2, petiolar node with 2, postpetiolar disc with 2, first gastral tergite with about 25. Other characters similar to worker. - - - + + + FIGURE 42. Distribution maps of -Octostruma +Octostruma species. - - -FIGURE + + +FIGURE 43. Distribution maps of -Octostruma +Octostruma species. - - + + Biology. -Octostruma wheeleri +Octostruma wheeleri occurs in lowland rainforest, seasonal moist forest, and occasionally in cloud forest habitats. It occurs from sea level to 1100 m elevation, with greatest abundance below 600 m (up to 16% of 1 m -2 +2 plot litter samples in quantitative sampling). It is only known from Winkler and Berlese samples of sifted leaf litter. - - -Comments + + +Comments . Brown and Kempf (1960) measured and redescribed the holotype. The measurements (HW 0.71, HL 0.64, CI 111) and description clearly match the concept of -O. wheeleri +O. wheeleri adopted here. Quantitative sampling in Chiapas revealed a sharp parapatric distribution with the highland -O. triangulabrum +O. triangulabrum , with a narrow zone of sympatry around 1000 m elevation. At three lowland sites in Chiapas, -O. wheeleri +O. wheeleri occurred in 12%, 11%, and 12% of 100 plot samples, and -O. triangulabrum +O. triangulabrum was absent. At Naha, at 980 m elevation and only 20 km away from one of the lowland sites (Laguna Metzabok at 570 m elevation), -O. triangulabrum +O. triangulabrum occurred in 13% of samples and a single -O. wheeleri +O. wheeleri specimen was found. -Specimens from Chiapas to Honduras are uniform with respect to face setae. A worker from Las Marias in eastern Honduras is lacking the posteriomedian pair. The single worker from Hitoy Cerere, Costa Rica, has a single posteromedian pair, lacking the lateral and ocular setae. +Specimens from Chiapas to Honduras are uniform with respect to face setae. A worker from Las Marias in eastern Honduras is lacking the posteriomedian pair. The single worker from Hitoy Cerere, Costa Rica, has a single posteromedian pair, lacking the lateral and ocular setae. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/79/2F/80/792F80842F933DA05995D5ADD2C7FA83.xml b/data/79/2F/80/792F80842F933DA05995D5ADD2C7FA83.xml index ec25581b5ae..6b7ed77822d 100644 --- a/data/79/2F/80/792F80842F933DA05995D5ADD2C7FA83.xml +++ b/data/79/2F/80/792F80842F933DA05995D5ADD2C7FA83.xml @@ -1,94 +1,93 @@ - - - -A revision of the ant genus Octostruma Forel 1912 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) + + + +A revision of the ant genus Octostruma Forel 1912 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) - - -Author + + +Author -Longino, John T +Longino, John T -text - - -Zootaxa +text + + +Zootaxa - -2013 - -3699 + +2013 + +3699 - -1 -61 + +1 +61 -journal article -27552 -10.11646/zootaxa.3699.1.1 -65A19D30-8E7A-4073-B92B-9709F8384752 +journal article +27552 +10.11646/zootaxa.3699.1.1 - - - - + + + + Octostruma ascrobicula -Longino +Longino , -sp. nov. +sp. nov. - -(Figs 6F, 16, 45) + +(Figs 6F, 16, 45) - - + + Type material. Holotype worker: ECUADOR, Manabi: 78 km NE Chone [-0.363 -79.739 -+/- ++/- 10km], 450 m, 9 Jun 1976, forest, ex sifted leaf litter (S. & J. Peck, B345) [MCZC, unique specimen identifier MCZ-ENT00511413]. Geographic range. Ecuador. - - + + Diagnosis. Antennal scrobe very shallow, not distinctly margined; face with arcuate carina; frontal carinae extending back and joining termini of facial arc (in - + O. convallis -, O. convallisur +, O. convallisur , and -O. limbifrons +O. limbifrons , frontal carinae and facial arc do not join, the termini of the facial arc extend laterally beyond the termini of the frontal carinae); facial arc weak, semicircular, frontal carinae short, joining facial arc at level of compound eye (facial arc strong, less semicircular, frontal carinae longer, joining facial arc posterior to compound eye in -O. ascrobis +O. ascrobis ); mesonotal foveolation extending onto dorsal pronotum, weakening anteriorly (mesonotum foveolate, pronotum contrastingly smooth and shining with sparse -puncta +puncta in -O. ascrobis +O. ascrobis ); HW 0.42 (0.46-0.51 in -O. ascrobis +O. ascrobis ). - - + + Description. Worker. HW 0.42, HL 0.41, WL 0.42, CI 103 (n=1). Differing from -O. ascrobis +O. ascrobis in the characters of the Diagnosis; similar to -O. ascrobis +O. ascrobis in most other respects (see complete description of -A. ascrobis +A. ascrobis ). -The queen is unknown. +The queen is unknown. - - + + Etymology. The -name +name refers to being a small version of -O. ascrobis +O. ascrobis . It is a noun in apposition and thus invariant. diff --git a/data/7C/D4/19/7CD41933F37D7DF7465D1888648C9902.xml b/data/7C/D4/19/7CD41933F37D7DF7465D1888648C9902.xml index ca631dc1602..82d915b2864 100644 --- a/data/7C/D4/19/7CD41933F37D7DF7465D1888648C9902.xml +++ b/data/7C/D4/19/7CD41933F37D7DF7465D1888648C9902.xml @@ -1,72 +1,72 @@ - - - -A revision of the ant genus Octostruma Forel 1912 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) + + + +A revision of the ant genus Octostruma Forel 1912 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) - - -Author + + +Author -Longino, John T +Longino, John T -text - - -Zootaxa +text + + +Zootaxa - -2013 - -3699 + +2013 + +3699 - -1 -61 + +1 +61 -journal article -27552 -10.11646/zootaxa.3699.1.1 -65A19D30-8E7A-4073-B92B-9709F8384752 +journal article +27552 +10.11646/zootaxa.3699.1.1 - - - -Octostruma rugifera + + + +Octostruma rugifera (Mayr, 1887) - -(Figs 6A, 44) + +(Figs 6A, 44) - - -Rhopalothrix -rugifer Mayr + + + +Rhopalothrix +rugifer Mayr 1887: 579. Syntype workers: Brazil, Santa Catarina [NMW?] (not examined). Combination in -Octostruma +Octostruma : Brown 1949: 92. See also Brown & Kempf, 1960: 199. - -Rhopalothrix (Octostruma) truncata Forel + +Rhopalothrix (Octostruma) truncata Forel 1912: 196. Holotype queen: Brazil, Rio de Janeiro: Corcovado (Dr. Arth. -Mueller +Mueller ) [MHNG?] (not examined). Combination in -Octostruma +Octostruma : Brown 1949: 92. Junior synonym of -Octostruma rugifera +Octostruma rugifera : Brown & Kempf, 1960: 199. - -Geographic range. Southern Brazil, Colombia, Venezuela. + +Geographic range. Southern Brazil, Colombia, Venezuela. - - -Comments. Palacio (1997) reports a Colombian record, incorrectly reported as " -rugiferoides + + +Comments. Palacio (1997) reports a Colombian record, incorrectly reported as " +rugiferoides (Mayr 1887)". Specimens from Brazil and Venezuela were directly compared, and no significant geographic variation was discovered. diff --git a/data/85/1C/9C/851C9CAD7DC366E61EC8C7F85F895D59.xml b/data/85/1C/9C/851C9CAD7DC366E61EC8C7F85F895D59.xml index 4597d51d83f..c4a251714dc 100644 --- a/data/85/1C/9C/851C9CAD7DC366E61EC8C7F85F895D59.xml +++ b/data/85/1C/9C/851C9CAD7DC366E61EC8C7F85F895D59.xml @@ -1,96 +1,95 @@ - - - -A revision of the ant genus Octostruma Forel 1912 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) + + + +A revision of the ant genus Octostruma Forel 1912 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) - - -Author + + +Author -Longino, John T +Longino, John T -text - - -Zootaxa +text + + +Zootaxa - -2013 - -3699 + +2013 + +3699 - -1 -61 + +1 +61 -journal article -27552 -10.11646/zootaxa.3699.1.1 -65A19D30-8E7A-4073-B92B-9709F8384752 +journal article +27552 +10.11646/zootaxa.3699.1.1 - - - - + + + + Octostruma schusteri -Longino +Longino , -sp. nov. +sp. nov. - -(Figs 1B, 3B, 5N, 37, 43) + +(Figs 1B, 3B, 5N, 37, 43) - - + + Type material. Holotype worker: GUATEMALA, -Suchitepequez +Suchitepequez : 5 km S Vol. Atitlan, 14.54074, -91.18815, -+/- ++/- 35 m, 1400 m, 18 Jun 2009, cloud forest, ex sifted leaf litter (LLAMA, Wm-B-09-2-07) [CAS, unique specimen identifier CASENT0611856]. Paratype workers: same data except 5.5 km S Vol. Atitlan, 14.52857, -91.19569, -+/- ++/- 200 m, 1070 m, riparian forest, ex sifted leaf litter (LLAMA, Wm-B-09-2-08) [USNM, CASENT0611871; MCZC, CASENT0627368; UVGC, CASENT0627369; JTLC, CASENT0627370]. - -Geographic range. Guatemala. + +Geographic range. Guatemala. - -Diagnosis. Face lacking transverse arcuate carina; basal five teeth of mandible acute; apex of labrum bilobed; mesosomal dorsum and first gastral tergite lacking erect setae; HW> 0.80. + +Diagnosis. Face lacking transverse arcuate carina; basal five teeth of mandible acute; apex of labrum bilobed; mesosomal dorsum and first gastral tergite lacking erect setae; HW> 0.80. - - + + Description. Worker. HW 0.82-0.87, HL 0.71-0.74, WL 0.88-94, CI 116-119 (n=5). Differing from - + O. -gymnosoma +gymnosoma in the following respects ( -O. gymnosoma +O. gymnosoma characters in parentheses): clypeus and face sublucid, clypeus smooth with shallow, widely-spaced -puncta +puncta , face shallowly irregularly rugulose, tops of rugae flattened, shining (clypeus and face matte, with fainter sculpture); side of pronotum smooth (faintly punctate); first gastral tergite uniformly punctate, -puncta +puncta small, diameter subequal to interspaces, interspaces smooth and shining (first gastral tergite covered with very faint, dense, confluent -puncta +puncta , appearing shagreened); face with 6-8 spatulate setae, as in Fig. 5N, missing setae near eyes on some specimens (face lacking erect setae). -The queen is unknown. +The queen is unknown. - - + + Biology. -Octostruma schusteri +Octostruma schusteri is known from cloud forest on the slopes of Volcan Atitlan, 1070-1400 m elevation, all from Winkler samples of sifted litter and rotten wood from the forest floor. - - + + Etymology. The -name +name is in honor of Jack Schuster, Entomologist at the Universidad del Valle, Guatemala. It is a genitive singular noun and thus invariant. diff --git a/data/92/15/37/921537B7FE6440C0D0257197555C7968.xml b/data/92/15/37/921537B7FE6440C0D0257197555C7968.xml index 6e2c1af6abf..8c7af3b3893 100644 --- a/data/92/15/37/921537B7FE6440C0D0257197555C7968.xml +++ b/data/92/15/37/921537B7FE6440C0D0257197555C7968.xml @@ -1,120 +1,119 @@ - - - -A revision of the ant genus Octostruma Forel 1912 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) + + + +A revision of the ant genus Octostruma Forel 1912 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) - - -Author + + +Author -Longino, John T +Longino, John T -text - - -Zootaxa +text + + +Zootaxa - -2013 - -3699 + +2013 + +3699 - -1 -61 + +1 +61 -journal article -27552 -10.11646/zootaxa.3699.1.1 -65A19D30-8E7A-4073-B92B-9709F8384752 +journal article +27552 +10.11646/zootaxa.3699.1.1 - - - - -Octostruma + + + + +Octostruma gymnogon -Longino +Longino , -sp. nov. +sp. nov. - -(Figs 1E, 3D, 5D, 24, 42) + +(Figs 1E, 3D, 5D, 24, 42) - - + + Type material. Holotype worker: COSTA RICA, Alajuela: Casa Eladio, Rio Penas Blancas, 10.31667, -84.71667, -+/- ++/- 2 km, 800 m, 26 Apr 1987, primary wet forest, sifted leaf litter (J. Longino#1579-s) [INBC, unique specimen identifier CASENT0627379]. Paratype workers, queen: same data [INBC, CASENT0627380]; same data except (J. Longino#1578-s) [CAS, LACM ENT 143374; USNM, LACM ENT 143375]; 27 Apr 1988 (J. Longino#2015-s) [MCZC, LACM ENT 143379; MZSP, LACM ENT 143380]; 10 May 1989 (J. Longino#2529-s) [UVGC, INBI0CRI001281404; EAPZ, INBI0CRI001281422]; 23 May 1990 (J. Longino#2701-s) [UCDC, INBI0CRI001282517]; 2 Mar 2004 (J. Longino#5278-s) [CAS, JTLC000005383; JTLC, JTLC000005390]. - -Geographic range. Guatemala to Panama. + +Geographic range. Guatemala to Panama. - - + + Diagnosis. Mandible with 8 teeth (Fig. 3D), tooth 1 a broad blunt lamella, strongly differentiated from tooth 2, teeth 2-5 acute, similar in shape, with denticles between them; teeth 5-8 forming an apical fork, with 5 and 8 large, 6 and 7 small partially confluent denticles ( -O. balzani +O. balzani complex); face setation as in Fig. 5D, lacking erect setae on posterolateral margins of head (present in - + O. balzani -, O. megabalzani +, O. megabalzani , and -O. trithrix +O. trithrix ) and on the posteromedian margin (present in -O. amrishi +O. amrishi ); mesosomal dorsum lacking a pair of erect setae (present in - + O. balzani -, O. megabalzani +, O. megabalzani , and -O. trithrix +O. trithrix ); metanotal groove not impressed in profile view (impressed in -O. balzani +O. balzani and -O. megabalzani +O. megabalzani ). - - + + Description. Worker. HW 0.62-0.68, HL 0.56-0.59, WL 0.62-0.68, CI 109-114 (n=6). Matching in almost every respect the description for -O. balzani +O. balzani , except the differences outlined in the Diagnosis and key. -Octostruma gymnogon +Octostruma gymnogon is generally darker brown than either -O. amrishi +O. amrishi or -O. balzani +O. balzani . - + Queen. HW 0.66, HL 0.60, WL 0.79, CI 110 (n=1). Similar in all respects to -O. balzani +O. balzani . - - + + Biology. -Octostruma gymnogon +Octostruma gymnogon is a montane species. It occurs mostly in mature cloud forest. On the Barva Transect in Costa Rica it shows a sharp elevationally parapatric distribution with -O. amrishi +O. amrishi and is restricted to elevations above 400 m. Almost all collections are from Berlese and Winkler samples of sifted litter and rotten wood from the forest floor. Dealate queens and intercaste workers occasionally occur together with workers in litter samples. See additional comments under -O. balzani +O. balzani . - - + + Etymology. The -name +name refers to the lack of a spatulate seta on the posterolateral vertex margin. It is a noun in apposition and thus invariant. diff --git a/data/98/8F/E8/988FE8012237B665DFAE69A9DF5005A0.xml b/data/98/8F/E8/988FE8012237B665DFAE69A9DF5005A0.xml index 50590804e27..dbad5c9f4d3 100644 --- a/data/98/8F/E8/988FE8012237B665DFAE69A9DF5005A0.xml +++ b/data/98/8F/E8/988FE8012237B665DFAE69A9DF5005A0.xml @@ -1,125 +1,124 @@ - - - -A revision of the ant genus Octostruma Forel 1912 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) + + + +A revision of the ant genus Octostruma Forel 1912 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) - - -Author + + +Author -Longino, John T +Longino, John T -text - - -Zootaxa +text + + +Zootaxa - -2013 - -3699 + +2013 + +3699 - -1 -61 + +1 +61 -journal article -27552 -10.11646/zootaxa.3699.1.1 -65A19D30-8E7A-4073-B92B-9709F8384752 +journal article +27552 +10.11646/zootaxa.3699.1.1 - - - - -Octostruma + + + + +Octostruma ascrobis -Longino +Longino , -sp. nov. +sp. nov. - -(Figs 1H, 3G, 6C, 14I, 17, 44) + +(Figs 1H, 3G, 6C, 14I, 17, 44) - - + + Type material. Holotype worker: GUATEMALA, Izabal: 5 km NW Morales, 15.51351, -88.86647, -+/- ++/- 26 m, 245 m, 17 May 2009, 2° lowland rainforest, ex sifted leaf litter (LLAMA, Wm-B-04-1-01) [CAS, unique specimen identifier CASENT0611295]. Paratype workers: same data except 15.51078, -88.86105, -+/- ++/- 50 m, 195 m (LLAMA, Wa-B-04-1-22) [MCZC, CASENT0611224; USNM, CASENT0611225]; 15.51465, -88.86440, -+/- ++/- 28 m, 280 m, 18 May 2009 (LLAMA, Wm-B-04-1-09) [UVGC, CASENT0611425; MZSP, CASENT0611426]. - - - + + + FIGURE 17. -Octostruma ascrobis +Octostruma ascrobis , holotype worker (CASENT0611295), queen (CASENT0614238, Guatemala), face and lateral views. Scale bar = 0.2 mm face views, 0.5 mm lateral views. - -Geographic range. Mexico (Chiapas) to Costa Rica. + +Geographic range. Mexico (Chiapas) to Costa Rica. - - + + Diagnosis. Antennal scrobe very shallow, not distinctly margined; face with arcuate carina; frontal carinae extending back and joining termini of facial arc. -Octostruma convallis +Octostruma convallis is similar, but the frontal carinae and facial arc do not join. They are separated by a transverse trough, and the termini of the facial arc extend laterally beyond the termini of the frontal carinae. - - + + Description. Worker. HW 0.46-0.51, HL 0.43-0.49, WL 0.43-0.50, CI 102-107 (n=9). Labrum rectangular, formed of strap-like lateral portions joined by a thin translucent lamella (Fig. 1H); mandible strongly bowed, in profile view with mandible closed, basal portion of mandible in same plane as clypeus, apex of mandible strongly down-turned, the down-turned portion subequal in length to basal portion; with mandible fully open, dorsal face fully perpendicular to plane of clypeus and teeth projecting dorsally; mandible with 10 teeth (Fig. 3G), tooth 1 continuous with basal rim of dorsal surface, teeth 1-7 as in Fig. 3G, teeth 7-10 form an apical fork perpendicular to base of dorsal face, tooth 7 long and separate, tooth 8 about 1/3 length of tooth 7, teeth 9 and 10 slightly longer than 7, joined to near tip (or could be seen as single tooth bifid at the tip), tooth 9 slightly shorter than 10; dorsal surface of mandible roughened; ventral surface narrow, smooth and shiny; interior surface strongly concave, smooth and highly polished; scape flattened, with pronounced anterobasal lobe, dorsal surface shallowly foveolate anteriorly, grading to smooth and shining posteriorly; clypeus strongly emarginate anteriorly; frontal carinae sharp, narrow, divergent, joining and continuous with similar carina that arches across vertex; frontal carinae and arch delimit -anterior +anterior concave surface that is shiny, with irregular median longitudinal carina and faint transverse rugulae laterally; side of head near compound eye shallowly foveolate; vertex posterior to facial arc largely smooth and highly polished, with distinct, sparse, uniformly distributed -puncta +puncta ; compound eye small, circular, composed of 4- 5 somewhat confluent ommatidia; short carina passes obliquely between antennal socket and eye, extending a short distance posterior to eye and toward frontal carina; antennal scrobe below eye, very shallow and not delimited with carina or flange; scrobe and undersurface of head shallowly foveolate. - + Promesonotum forming continuous convexity in profile; metanotal groove not impressed; propodeum a single, concave, sloping surface, not differentiated into dorsal and posterior faces; propodeal spines in the form of flattened perpendicular plates, right-angled to slightly acute, extending anteriorly as raised carinae that curve medially and join at the metanotal groove, extending ventrally as narrow lamella, thus posterodorsal face of propodeum entirely delimited by raised carinae confluent with propodeal spines; propodeal spiracle large, located immediately below propodeal spine and abutting posterior margin; pronotum sculpture smooth and shining with sparse -puncta +puncta , like posterior vertex; mesonotum with feeble, mesh-like sculpture, contrasting sharply with pronotum and clearly demarcating juncture of pro- and mesonotum; posterodorsal face of propodeum shallowly foveolate; mesopleuron and side of propodeum not differentiated, matte, very faintly punctate. -Petiole in profile with peduncle not differentiated from node, anterior surface sloping evenly from petiolar foramen to node, dorsal face of node sloping posteriorly to projecting transverse cuticular rim, short concave posterior face beneath rim; anteroventral margin with small tooth or angle; dorsal face of node smooth and shining; postpetiole low, broad, crescent-shaped in dorsal view, dorsal face shallowly foveolate anteriorly, smooth and shining posteriorly, delimited anteriorly and posteriorly by thin transverse rim; first gastral tergite shallowly foveolate anteriorly, grading to smooth and shining at posterior rim; first gastral sternite foveolate anteriorly, grading to sparsely punctate with smooth and shining interspaces posteriorly. -Labrum fringed on sides and apex with soft translucent thick setae, one of these on each anterior labral lobe much longer than the others, projecting ventrally; extreme base of ventral surface of mandible with very fine, long seta that curves forward and nearly touches ventrally projecting labral seta; each larger mandibular tooth with prominent fully appressed seta; anterior margin of scape with seven stiff clavate setae; clypeus with sparse fully appressed ground pilosity, anterior face with sparser and much less visible ground pilosity, posterior face essentially lacking ground pilosity; 1-3 stout clavate setae variably distributed between apex of oblique supraocular carina and outer margin of facial carina, near juncture of frontal carina and transverse carina; mesonotum, petiole and postpetiole lacking erect setae, ground pilosity extremely short, sparse, unnoticeable; mesotibia with short, thin, sparse, decumbent ground pilosity, a single large stout clavate seta and several thin shorter erect setae at apex; mesobasitarsus with 2 pairs long, thin, erect setae; first gastral tergite with row of 4 clavate setae at posterior margin, following exposed tergites each with row of clavate setae; ground pilosity of first gastral tergite short, sparse, fully appressed, somewhat more noticeable than on mesosoma; first gastral sternite with sparse, thin but stiff erect setae over much of surface except narrow area near postpetiolar insertion. -Color red to red-orange. -Queen. HW 0.54-0.57, HL 0.52-0.53, WL 0.70-0.73, CI 102-107 (n=2). Labrum, mandible, and scape similar to worker; anterior clypeal margin very different from worker and highly distinctive, with a broad shallow semicircular concavity medially, flanked on each side by a deep semicircular notch that nearly "pinches off" an anterolateral portion of the clypeus between the notch and the large antennal socket (Fig. 14I); clypeus confluent with the vertex posteriorly, with no evidence of a clypeal suture; transverse facial carina and posterior frontal carinae feeble to absent, but marked by a semicircular row of about 9 erect spatulate setae; face anterior to row of setae flat, with faint transverse rugulae, lacking longitudinal median carina, face posterior to seta row like worker; ocelli distinct, anteromedian ocellus immediately anterior to seta row; compound eye large, multifaceted, about 12 ommatidia in longest row; outermost seta of seta row at inner margin of compound eye; antennal scrobe shallow, like worker. - +Petiole in profile with peduncle not differentiated from node, anterior surface sloping evenly from petiolar foramen to node, dorsal face of node sloping posteriorly to projecting transverse cuticular rim, short concave posterior face beneath rim; anteroventral margin with small tooth or angle; dorsal face of node smooth and shining; postpetiole low, broad, crescent-shaped in dorsal view, dorsal face shallowly foveolate anteriorly, smooth and shining posteriorly, delimited anteriorly and posteriorly by thin transverse rim; first gastral tergite shallowly foveolate anteriorly, grading to smooth and shining at posterior rim; first gastral sternite foveolate anteriorly, grading to sparsely punctate with smooth and shining interspaces posteriorly. +Labrum fringed on sides and apex with soft translucent thick setae, one of these on each anterior labral lobe much longer than the others, projecting ventrally; extreme base of ventral surface of mandible with very fine, long seta that curves forward and nearly touches ventrally projecting labral seta; each larger mandibular tooth with prominent fully appressed seta; anterior margin of scape with seven stiff clavate setae; clypeus with sparse fully appressed ground pilosity, anterior face with sparser and much less visible ground pilosity, posterior face essentially lacking ground pilosity; 1-3 stout clavate setae variably distributed between apex of oblique supraocular carina and outer margin of facial carina, near juncture of frontal carina and transverse carina; mesonotum, petiole and postpetiole lacking erect setae, ground pilosity extremely short, sparse, unnoticeable; mesotibia with short, thin, sparse, decumbent ground pilosity, a single large stout clavate seta and several thin shorter erect setae at apex; mesobasitarsus with 2 pairs long, thin, erect setae; first gastral tergite with row of 4 clavate setae at posterior margin, following exposed tergites each with row of clavate setae; ground pilosity of first gastral tergite short, sparse, fully appressed, somewhat more noticeable than on mesosoma; first gastral sternite with sparse, thin but stiff erect setae over much of surface except narrow area near postpetiolar insertion. +Color red to red-orange. +Queen. HW 0.54-0.57, HL 0.52-0.53, WL 0.70-0.73, CI 102-107 (n=2). Labrum, mandible, and scape similar to worker; anterior clypeal margin very different from worker and highly distinctive, with a broad shallow semicircular concavity medially, flanked on each side by a deep semicircular notch that nearly "pinches off" an anterolateral portion of the clypeus between the notch and the large antennal socket (Fig. 14I); clypeus confluent with the vertex posteriorly, with no evidence of a clypeal suture; transverse facial carina and posterior frontal carinae feeble to absent, but marked by a semicircular row of about 9 erect spatulate setae; face anterior to row of setae flat, with faint transverse rugulae, lacking longitudinal median carina, face posterior to seta row like worker; ocelli distinct, anteromedian ocellus immediately anterior to seta row; compound eye large, multifaceted, about 12 ommatidia in longest row; outermost seta of seta row at inner margin of compound eye; antennal scrobe shallow, like worker. + Mesosoma with queen-typical alar sclerites; pronotum smooth and shining laterally and anteriorly, with faint rugulae and sparse -puncta +puncta on humeri; mesoscutum and axillae irregularly longitudinally rugulose; scutellum smooth and shining medially, with a few -puncta +puncta and faint rugulae laterally; anepisternum and katepisternum separated by strong sulcus, both smooth and shining; posterodorsal propodeum concave, shallowly foveolate; side of propodeum matte with faint -puncta +puncta ; propodeal spines pronounced, in the form of flattened perpendicular plates, right-angle to slightly acute in profile; propodeal spiracle smaller and lower compared to worker, anterior to ventral propodeal lamella. - -Petiole + +Petiole similar to worker, but posterior rim more pronounced and projecting; postpetiole also with a posterior projecting rim, ventral margin with a short acute tooth; first gastral tergite punctate over much of surface, grading to sparser and smaller -puncta +puncta at posterior border, with 6-8 erect clavate setae along posterior border, about 6 scattered over disc; first gastral sternite densely punctate, with abundant short, stiff, erect setae. -Color red. +Color red. - - + + Biology. This species inhabits lowland rainforest, from sea-level to 1000 m elevation, but is most abundant below 500 m. All specimens are from samples of sifted leaf litter and rotten wood from the forest floor. Frequencies in quantitative samples of 1 m -2 +2 litter plots range from 0-16%. Dealate queens occasionally occur in samples, and one sample contained an alate queen. Worker number in samples is always <10. - - + + Etymology. The -name +name refers to the lack of sharply delimited antennal scrobes. It is a dative plural noun and thus invariant. diff --git a/data/99/37/89/993789CD322303FBAFF513B3D6CBD69B.xml b/data/99/37/89/993789CD322303FBAFF513B3D6CBD69B.xml index 4be81469cd9..2cea5f0ac2e 100644 --- a/data/99/37/89/993789CD322303FBAFF513B3D6CBD69B.xml +++ b/data/99/37/89/993789CD322303FBAFF513B3D6CBD69B.xml @@ -1,56 +1,55 @@ - - - -A revision of the ant genus Octostruma Forel 1912 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) + + + +A revision of the ant genus Octostruma Forel 1912 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) - - -Author + + +Author -Longino, John T +Longino, John T -text - - -Zootaxa +text + + +Zootaxa - -2013 - -3699 + +2013 + +3699 - -1 -61 + +1 +61 -journal article -27552 -10.11646/zootaxa.3699.1.1 -65A19D30-8E7A-4073-B92B-9709F8384752 +journal article +27552 +10.11646/zootaxa.3699.1.1 - - - -Octostruma betschi Perrault + + + +Octostruma betschi Perrault , 1988 - -(Figs 1E, 3D, 7A, 19, 42) + +(Figs 1E, 3D, 7A, 19, 42) - - -Octostruma betschi Perrault + + +Octostruma betschi Perrault 1988: 303, 2 figs. Holotype worker, paratype workers, queen: French Guiana, [published locality of "5°30'S, 53°W" is incorrect] (J. M. Betsch) [MNHN] (not examined). - -Geographic range. Amazonian Brazil and Peru, French Guiana. + +Geographic range. Amazonian Brazil and Peru, French Guiana. - -Comments. The combination of O. balzani-group mandibles, two pairs of setae on the promesonotum, and flattened setae on the scape uniquely characterize this distinctive species. New measurements for the worker are HW 0.51-0.57, HL 0.47-0.53, CI 106-108 (n=4). The queen is reported with measurements HW 0.58, HL 0.55, CI 105 (Perrault, 1988). + +Comments. The combination of O. balzani-group mandibles, two pairs of setae on the promesonotum, and flattened setae on the scape uniquely characterize this distinctive species. New measurements for the worker are HW 0.51-0.57, HL 0.47-0.53, CI 106-108 (n=4). The queen is reported with measurements HW 0.58, HL 0.55, CI 105 (Perrault, 1988). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/9F/AE/66/9FAE6621EFD9C84256C67D1AB6A53028.xml b/data/9F/AE/66/9FAE6621EFD9C84256C67D1AB6A53028.xml index 925d64c7dd2..d9dcae76033 100644 --- a/data/9F/AE/66/9FAE6621EFD9C84256C67D1AB6A53028.xml +++ b/data/9F/AE/66/9FAE6621EFD9C84256C67D1AB6A53028.xml @@ -1,107 +1,106 @@ - - - -A revision of the ant genus Octostruma Forel 1912 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) + + + +A revision of the ant genus Octostruma Forel 1912 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) - - -Author + + +Author -Longino, John T +Longino, John T -text - - -Zootaxa +text + + +Zootaxa - -2013 - -3699 + +2013 + +3699 - -1 -61 + +1 +61 -journal article -27552 -10.11646/zootaxa.3699.1.1 -65A19D30-8E7A-4073-B92B-9709F8384752 +journal article +27552 +10.11646/zootaxa.3699.1.1 - - - - + + + + Octostruma convallisur -Longino +Longino , -sp. nov. +sp. nov. - -(Figs 21, 44) + +(Figs 21, 44) - -Type material. Holotype worker: PANAMA, Chiriqui: west of Finca Palo Santo near Nueva California [8.78, - 82.64, unknown error], 1550 m, 5 Mar 1959, debris at base of stump (H. S. Dybas) [MCZC, unique specimen identifier MCZ-ENT00511411]. Paratype queen, worker: same data [USNM, MCZ-ENT00511410; MCZC, MCZ-ENT00511415]. + +Type material. Holotype worker: PANAMA, Chiriqui: west of Finca Palo Santo near Nueva California [8.78, - 82.64, unknown error], 1550 m, 5 Mar 1959, debris at base of stump (H. S. Dybas) [MCZC, unique specimen identifier MCZ-ENT00511411]. Paratype queen, worker: same data [USNM, MCZ-ENT00511410; MCZC, MCZ-ENT00511415]. - -Geographic range. Panama, Colombia. + +Geographic range. Panama, Colombia. - - + + Diagnosis. Antennal scrobe very shallow, not distinctly margined; face with arcuate carina; frontal carinae and facial arc separated, the termini of the facial arc extend laterally beyond the termini of the frontal carinae (termini of facial arc join frontal carinae in - + O. ascrobis -, +, -O. ascrobicula +O. ascrobicula ); facial arc not strongly elevated, becoming irregular and somewhat weaker laterally, frontal carinae stronger than lateral portions of facial arc (facial arc strong throughout, much stronger than frontal carinae in -O. limbifrons +O. limbifrons ); promesonotal dorsum uniformly foveolate (pronotum smooth and shiny, differentiated from foveolate mesonotum in -O. convallis +O. convallis ). - - + + Description. Worker. HW 0.43-0.56, HL 0.43-0.55, WL 0.47-0.59, CI 100-102 (n=3). Labrum rectangular, formed of strap-like lateral portions joined by a thin translucent lamella (Fig. 1H); mandibles closed on available specimens, but appear generally similar to -O. convallis +O. convallis ; dorsal surface of mandible smooth; scape flattened, with pronounced anterobasal lobe, dorsal surface with faint microsculpture, feebly shining; clypeus strongly emarginate anteriorly, smooth and shining; frontal carinae sharp, narrow, extending more or less straight back and ending before reaching transverse facial arc; facial arc broad, not strongly semicircular, extending toward sides of head -beyond +beyond termini of frontal carinae, curving forward to form irregular carina or gibbosity between compound eye and frontal carina; a shallow trough separates frontal carinae and facial arc; frontal carinae and facial arc delimit anterior concave surface that is feebly shiny, with irregular median longitudinal carina and very faint rugulae laterally; side of head near compound eye shallowly foveolate; vertex posterior to facial arc largely smooth and shiny, with distinct, sparse, uniformly distributed -puncta +puncta ; compound eye small, circular, composed of 4-5 somewhat confluent ommatidia; antennal scrobe below eye, very shallow and not delimited with carina or flange; scrobe and undersurface of head feebly foveolate to punctatorugose. -Promesonotum forming continuous convexity in profile; metanotal groove not impressed; posterodorsal propodeum a single, concave, sloping surface, not differentiated into dorsal and posterior faces; propodeal spines angular on holotype, acute and spiniform on Barro Colorado Island specimen, extending anteriorly as raised carinae that curve medially and join at the metanotal groove, extending ventrally as narrow lamella, thus posterodorsal propodeum entirely delimited by raised carinae confluent with propodeal spines; a low carina extends transversely across posterodorsal surface, between bases of propodeal spines; propodeal spiracle large, located immediately below propodeal spine and abutting posterior margin; promesonotum with feeble, mesh-like sculpture, juncture of pro- and mesonotum not differentiated; posterodorsal face of propodeum shallowly foveolate; side of pronotum smooth and shining; mesopleuron and side of propodeum matte. -Petiole in profile with peduncle not differentiated from node, anterior surface sloping evenly from petiolar foramen to node, dorsal face of node sloping posteriorly to projecting transverse cuticular rim, short concave posterior face beneath rim; anteroventral margin without tooth or angle; dorsal face of node smooth and shining; postpetiole low, broad, crescent-shaped in dorsal view, dorsal face shallowly foveolate anteriorly, smooth and shining posteriorly, delimited anteriorly and posteriorly by thin transverse rim; first gastral tergite shallowly foveolate anteriorly, grading to smooth and shining at posterior rim; first gastral sternite foveolate anteriorly, grading to sparsely punctate with smooth and shining interspaces posteriorly. -Labrum fringed on sides and apex with soft translucent thick setae, one of these on each anterior labral lobe much longer than the others, projecting ventrally; extreme base of ventral surface of mandible with very fine, long seta that curves forward and nearly touches ventrally projecting labral seta; each larger mandibular tooth with prominent fully appressed seta; anterior margin of scape with 6-7 stiff clavate setae, basalmost seta the longest, on apex of anterobasal lobe (lacking a shorter seta proximal to this one, on inner side of lobe); clypeus and face devoid of ground pilosity or with very sparse, fully appressed ground pilosity; 5-7 stout clavate seta irregularly distributed on facial arc; mesonotum, petiole and postpetiole lacking erect setae, ground pilosity extremely short, sparse, unnoticeable; mesotibia with short, thin, sparse, decumbent ground pilosity, a single large stout clavate seta and several thin shorter erect setae at apex; mesobasitarsus with 2 pairs long, thin, erect setae; first gastral tergite with 4 clavate setae on posterior margin, following exposed tergites each with row of clavate setae; ground pilosity of first gastral tergite short, sparse, fully appressed, somewhat more noticeable than on mesosoma; first gastral sternite with sparse, thin but stiff erect setae over much of surface except narrow area near postpetiolar insertion. -Color orange. - +Promesonotum forming continuous convexity in profile; metanotal groove not impressed; posterodorsal propodeum a single, concave, sloping surface, not differentiated into dorsal and posterior faces; propodeal spines angular on holotype, acute and spiniform on Barro Colorado Island specimen, extending anteriorly as raised carinae that curve medially and join at the metanotal groove, extending ventrally as narrow lamella, thus posterodorsal propodeum entirely delimited by raised carinae confluent with propodeal spines; a low carina extends transversely across posterodorsal surface, between bases of propodeal spines; propodeal spiracle large, located immediately below propodeal spine and abutting posterior margin; promesonotum with feeble, mesh-like sculpture, juncture of pro- and mesonotum not differentiated; posterodorsal face of propodeum shallowly foveolate; side of pronotum smooth and shining; mesopleuron and side of propodeum matte. +Petiole in profile with peduncle not differentiated from node, anterior surface sloping evenly from petiolar foramen to node, dorsal face of node sloping posteriorly to projecting transverse cuticular rim, short concave posterior face beneath rim; anteroventral margin without tooth or angle; dorsal face of node smooth and shining; postpetiole low, broad, crescent-shaped in dorsal view, dorsal face shallowly foveolate anteriorly, smooth and shining posteriorly, delimited anteriorly and posteriorly by thin transverse rim; first gastral tergite shallowly foveolate anteriorly, grading to smooth and shining at posterior rim; first gastral sternite foveolate anteriorly, grading to sparsely punctate with smooth and shining interspaces posteriorly. +Labrum fringed on sides and apex with soft translucent thick setae, one of these on each anterior labral lobe much longer than the others, projecting ventrally; extreme base of ventral surface of mandible with very fine, long seta that curves forward and nearly touches ventrally projecting labral seta; each larger mandibular tooth with prominent fully appressed seta; anterior margin of scape with 6-7 stiff clavate setae, basalmost seta the longest, on apex of anterobasal lobe (lacking a shorter seta proximal to this one, on inner side of lobe); clypeus and face devoid of ground pilosity or with very sparse, fully appressed ground pilosity; 5-7 stout clavate seta irregularly distributed on facial arc; mesonotum, petiole and postpetiole lacking erect setae, ground pilosity extremely short, sparse, unnoticeable; mesotibia with short, thin, sparse, decumbent ground pilosity, a single large stout clavate seta and several thin shorter erect setae at apex; mesobasitarsus with 2 pairs long, thin, erect setae; first gastral tergite with 4 clavate setae on posterior margin, following exposed tergites each with row of clavate setae; ground pilosity of first gastral tergite short, sparse, fully appressed, somewhat more noticeable than on mesosoma; first gastral sternite with sparse, thin but stiff erect setae over much of surface except narrow area near postpetiolar insertion. +Color orange. + Queen. HW 0.51-0.63, HL 0.48-0.60, WL 0.68-0.85, CI 104-105 (n=2). Labrum, mandible, and scape similar to worker; anterior clypeal margin different from worker, with a broad semicircular concavity medially, flanked on each side by a smaller semicircular notch; clypeus smooth and shining with sparse -puncta +puncta , separated from vertex with distinct suture; frontal carinae distinct, fading at about level of mid-length of compound eye; transverse facial arc feeble, marked by a semicircular row of10 erect clavate setae (5 setae on Colombia queen); face anterior to row of setae flat, irregularly rugose, with weak longitudinal median ruga (median ruga absent on Colombia queen), face rugosity extending posteriorly across facial arc, grading to smooth and shining with sparse -puncta +puncta near occipital carina; ocelli distinct, anteromedian ocellus immediately anterior to seta row; compound eye large, multifaceted, about 12 ommatidia in longest row; antennal scrobe shallow, like worker. -Mesosoma with queen-typical alar sclerites; lateral and anterior pronotum with faint, minute punctatorugose sculpture, fading on sides; mesoscutum, axilla, and scutellum irregularly longitudinally rugulose; anepisternum and katepisternum separated by strong sulcus, both smooth and shining; metapleuron distinct, with shallow transverse sulcus, separated from side of propodeum by dorsoventral sulcus; metapleuron and side of propodeum matte; posterodorsal propodeum foveolate; propodeal spines pronounced, in the form of flattened perpendicular plates, acute; propodeal spiracle smaller and lower compared to worker, anterior to infradental propodeal lamella; mesoscutum with 10 erect clavate setae, scutellum with 2 (axilla also with seta on Colombia queen). - -Petiole +Mesosoma with queen-typical alar sclerites; lateral and anterior pronotum with faint, minute punctatorugose sculpture, fading on sides; mesoscutum, axilla, and scutellum irregularly longitudinally rugulose; anepisternum and katepisternum separated by strong sulcus, both smooth and shining; metapleuron distinct, with shallow transverse sulcus, separated from side of propodeum by dorsoventral sulcus; metapleuron and side of propodeum matte; posterodorsal propodeum foveolate; propodeal spines pronounced, in the form of flattened perpendicular plates, acute; propodeal spiracle smaller and lower compared to worker, anterior to infradental propodeal lamella; mesoscutum with 10 erect clavate setae, scutellum with 2 (axilla also with seta on Colombia queen). + +Petiole similar to worker, but posterior rim more pronounced and projecting; ventral margin of postpetiole with short right-angle tooth; first gastral tergite punctate over much of surface, grading to smooth and shining at posterior border; petiole and postpetiole lacking erect setae; first gastral tergite with 40-50 erect setae; first gastral sternite densely punctate, with abundant short, stiff, erect setae. -Color red. +Color red. - -Biology. The type series was collected at a site in the mountains of western Panama, presumably cloud forest (1550 m elevation), in "debris at base of stump." A worker was collected in forest floor leaf litter on Barro Colorado Island. The Colombia queen was collected in a forest litter Berlese sample, at a mid-elevation wet forest site (1000 m). + +Biology. The type series was collected at a site in the mountains of western Panama, presumably cloud forest (1550 m elevation), in "debris at base of stump." A worker was collected in forest floor leaf litter on Barro Colorado Island. The Colombia queen was collected in a forest litter Berlese sample, at a mid-elevation wet forest site (1000 m). - - + + Etymology. The -name +name refers to it being a southern version of -O. convallis +O. convallis . It is a noun in apposition and thus invariant. diff --git a/data/A7/44/09/A74409E586BCB8F1C97397AB640B4211.xml b/data/A7/44/09/A74409E586BCB8F1C97397AB640B4211.xml index 08439ffd24e..d7f42f179c4 100644 --- a/data/A7/44/09/A74409E586BCB8F1C97397AB640B4211.xml +++ b/data/A7/44/09/A74409E586BCB8F1C97397AB640B4211.xml @@ -1,63 +1,62 @@ - - - -A revision of the ant genus Octostruma Forel 1912 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) + + + +A revision of the ant genus Octostruma Forel 1912 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) - - -Author + + +Author -Longino, John T +Longino, John T -text - - -Zootaxa +text + + +Zootaxa - -2013 - -3699 + +2013 + +3699 - -1 -61 + +1 +61 -journal article -27552 -10.11646/zootaxa.3699.1.1 -65A19D30-8E7A-4073-B92B-9709F8384752 +journal article +27552 +10.11646/zootaxa.3699.1.1 - - - - -Octostruma + + + + +Octostruma petiolata Mayr , 1887 - -(Fig 44) + +(Fig 44) - - -Rhopalothrix petiolata Mayr + + +Rhopalothrix petiolata Mayr 1887: 580. Holotype queen: Brazil, Santa Catarina [NMW?] (not examined). Description of worker: Emery 1894: 217. Combination in -Octostruma +Octostruma : Brown 1949: 92. See also Brown & Kempf, 1960: 182. - -Geographic range. Southern Brazil. + +Geographic range. Southern Brazil. - - + + Comments. This species is known from southern Brazil. Workers can be identified by the combination of strongly transverse petiolar node in dorsal view, mesosoma lacking erect setae, large size (HW 0.85-0.90), and strong laminar transverse carina joining the propodeal spines. I examined a worker from -Itajuba +Itajuba , Santa Catarina State [MCZC]. diff --git a/data/A8/E7/A0/A8E7A04D6DFE9B80584CA1C524A3E927.xml b/data/A8/E7/A0/A8E7A04D6DFE9B80584CA1C524A3E927.xml index 2b92f1f779b..ef74025983d 100644 --- a/data/A8/E7/A0/A8E7A04D6DFE9B80584CA1C524A3E927.xml +++ b/data/A8/E7/A0/A8E7A04D6DFE9B80584CA1C524A3E927.xml @@ -1,136 +1,136 @@ - - - -A revision of the ant genus Octostruma Forel 1912 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) + + + +A revision of the ant genus Octostruma Forel 1912 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) - - -Author + + +Author -Longino, John T +Longino, John T -text - - -Zootaxa +text + + +Zootaxa - -2013 - -3699 + +2013 + +3699 - -1 -61 + +1 +61 -journal article -27552 -10.11646/zootaxa.3699.1.1 -65A19D30-8E7A-4073-B92B-9709F8384752 +journal article +27552 +10.11646/zootaxa.3699.1.1 - - - - + + + + Octostruma trithrix -Longino +Longino , -sp. nov. +sp. nov. - -(Figs 1E, 3D, 5A, 8A, 40, 42) + +(Figs 1E, 3D, 5A, 8A, 40, 42) - - + + Type material. Holotype worker: MEXICO, Chiapas: 8 km SE Salto de Agua, 17.51611, -92.30168, -+/- ++/- 50 m, 100 m, 14 Jun 2008, 2° wet forest, ex sifted leaf litter (LLAMA, Wa-A-08-2-03) [CAS, CASENT0639179]. Paratype workers, queen: same data [UCDC, CASENT0639180; UVGC, CASENT0639181; EAPZ, CASENT0639182; CAS, CASENT0639183; JTLC, CASENT0639184]; same data except 17.51442, -92.29500, -+/- ++/- 50 m, 70 m (LLAMA, Wa-A-08-1-05) [ECOSCE, CASENT0639174; USNM, CASENT0639175; MCZC, CASENT0639176; MZSP, CASENT0639177; CAS, CASENT0639178]. - - + + Geographic range. Northern Mexico (Nuevo -Leon +Leon ) to Honduras. - -Diagnosis. Mandible with 8 teeth (Fig. 3D), tooth 1 a broad blunt lamella, strongly differentiated from tooth 2, teeth - + +Diagnosis. Mandible with 8 teeth (Fig. 3D), tooth 1 a broad blunt lamella, strongly differentiated from tooth 2, teeth + 2-5 acute, similar in shape, with denticles between them; teeth 5-8 forming an apical fork, with 5 and 8 large, 6 and 7 small partially confluent denticles ( -O. balzani +O. balzani complex); face setation as in Fig. 5A, erect setae present on posterolateral margins of head (absent in -O. amrishi +O. amrishi and -O. gymnogon +O. gymnogon ); in most workers of a series, a seta present between anterior seta on side of head near eye and medial vertex seta (this seta typically absent in - + O. balzani -, -O. megabalzani, + +, +O. megabalzani, -O. amrishi +O. amrishi , and -O. gymnogon +O. gymnogon ); mesosomal dorsum with one pair of erect setae (absent in - + O. amrishi -, +, -O. gymnogon +O. gymnogon ; 2 pairs in -O. lutzi +O. lutzi ); metanotal groove not impressed in profile view (impressed in -O. balzani +O. balzani and -O. megabalzani +O. megabalzani ). - - + + Description. Worker. HW 0.54-0.62, HL 0.50-0.58, WL 0.52-0.66, CI 102-112 (n=7). Matching in almost every respect the description for -O. balzani +O. balzani , except the differences outlined in the Diagnosis and key. In addition to characters in the Diagnosis, first gastral tergite typically with 8-16 erect setae, color red brown. - + Queen. HW 0.59-0.64, HL 0.55-0.60, WL 0.70-0.75, CI 103-107 (n=7). Similar to -O. balzani +O. balzani in most respects; 4-6 setae across vertex between compound eyes (2-4 in -O. balzani +O. balzani ); postpetiolar disc with 4-6 erect setae (2-4 in -O. balzani +O. balzani ). - - -Biology + + +Biology . In the southern portion of its range, -Octostruma trithrix +Octostruma trithrix occurs in a variety of forested habitats: wet to seasonal dry, second growth to mature. It is typically lowland, occurring from sea level to around 700 m. In the northern part of the range it occurs in cloud forest, up to 1200 m elevation. Almost all collections are from Berlese and Winkler samples of sifted litter and rotten wood from the forest floor. In quantitative 1 m -2 +2 litter plot samples, within-sample abundance is tens of workers or fewer, but the species can occur frequently, suggesting a high density of small colonies. Dealate queens may occur together with workers in litter samples. - - + + Comments. See under -O. balzani +O. balzani . - - + + Etymology. The -name +name refers to anterior row of three spatulate setae on the face. It is a noun in apposition and thus invariant. diff --git a/data/AF/E7/6B/AFE76B780CF23889F98B388EB9DD3ACC.xml b/data/AF/E7/6B/AFE76B780CF23889F98B388EB9DD3ACC.xml index 00b7654b83c..95a1e3f43ec 100644 --- a/data/AF/E7/6B/AFE76B780CF23889F98B388EB9DD3ACC.xml +++ b/data/AF/E7/6B/AFE76B780CF23889F98B388EB9DD3ACC.xml @@ -1,116 +1,115 @@ - - - -A revision of the ant genus Octostruma Forel 1912 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) + + + +A revision of the ant genus Octostruma Forel 1912 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) - - -Author + + +Author -Longino, John T +Longino, John T -text - - -Zootaxa +text + + +Zootaxa - -2013 - -3699 + +2013 + +3699 - -1 -61 + +1 +61 -journal article -27552 -10.11646/zootaxa.3699.1.1 -65A19D30-8E7A-4073-B92B-9709F8384752 +journal article +27552 +10.11646/zootaxa.3699.1.1 - - - - + + + + Octostruma excertirugis -Longino +Longino , -sp. nov. +sp. nov. - -(Figs 1F, 3E, 5G, 12B, 14F, 23, 43) + +(Figs 1F, 3E, 5G, 12B, 14F, 23, 43) - - + + Type material. Holotype worker: GUATEMALA, Izabal: 5 km NW Morales, 15.51465, -88.86440, -+/- ++/- 28 m, 280 m, - -18 + +18 May 2009, 2° lowland rainforest, ex sifted leaf litter (LLAMA, Wm-B-04-1-09) [CAS, unique specimen identifier CASENT0629828]. Paratype workers, queen: same data [EAPZ, CASENT0629829; ECOSCE, CASENT0629830; CAS, CASENT0629831; JTLC, CASENT0629832]; same data except 15.51430, -88.86479, -+/- ++/- 50 m, 250 m, 17 May 2009 (LLAMA, Wa-B-04-2-36) [USNM, CASENT0610160; MCZC, CASENT0610161]; 15.51351, -88.86647, -+/- ++/- 26 m, 245 m (LLAMA, Wm-B-04-1-01) [UVGC, CASENT0611289; INBC, CASENT0611290; MZSP, CASENT0611291]. - -Geographic range. Mexico (Chiapas) to Costa Rica. + +Geographic range. Mexico (Chiapas) to Costa Rica. - -Diagnosis. Face lacking transverse arcuate carina; basal five teeth of mandible bluntly rounded (Fig. 3E); face sculpture longitudinally rugose; ground pilosity fully appressed; first gastral tergite punctate on anterior half, fading to nearly smooth and shining posteriorly. + +Diagnosis. Face lacking transverse arcuate carina; basal five teeth of mandible bluntly rounded (Fig. 3E); face sculpture longitudinally rugose; ground pilosity fully appressed; first gastral tergite punctate on anterior half, fading to nearly smooth and shining posteriorly. - -Description. Worker. HW 0.57-0.66, HL 0.55-0.63, WL 0.64-0.77, CI 103-110 (n=15). Labrum as in Fig. 1F, wider than long, strap-like lateral portions converging from base to near apex, joined by thin translucent cuticle medially but leaving distinctly bilobed apex, with distinct median notch; mandible triangular, in profile view with mandible closed, in same plane as clypeus, apex of mandible not down-turned; mandible with 8 teeth (Fig. 3E), tooth 1 continuous with basal rim of dorsal surface, teeth 1-5 bluntly rounded, similar in shape, a minute denticle between 4 and 5, teeth 6-7 smaller, not as blunt, tooth 8 long and acute; masticatory margin evenly curved, with no development of downturned apical fork; dorsal surface of mandible punctate; ventral surface concave, twisting toward articulation, broad basally and narrowing abruptly to narrow apical half to third; scape flattened, with pronounced anterobasal lobe, dorsal surface somewhat roughened; clypeus with broad, shallow emargination anteriorly; clypeus and face irregularly longitudinally rugose; frontal carinae faint, nearly obsolete; antennal socket deep, dorsal rim of socket continuous with pronounced dorsal margin of antennal scrobe; antennal scrobe deep, pocket-like, strongly delimited dorsally, posteriorly, and ventrally with sharply defined thin cuticular rim; compound eye small, circular, composed of about 7 ommatidia; feeble carina extends from ventral margin of antennal socket across floor of scrobe to compound eye; at about midlength on ventral margin of scrobe a variably-developed short carina extends perpendicularly onto floor of scrobe; ventral half of scrobe floor anterior to this short carina shallowly foveolate, rest of scrobe floor smooth, matte; vertex margin anterior to occipital carina densely punctulate, matte (top of head, not visible in face view); occipital carina extends a short distance onto ventral surface of head, fading before reaching level of compound eye; undersurface of head rugulose. -Promesonotum and dorsal face of propodeum forming an even convexity in profile, promesonotal suture not impressed, promesonotum with broad, weak, longitudinal impression; metanotal groove not impressed; propodeum with distinct dorsal and posterior faces meeting at a broadly obtuse angle; propodeal spines well-developed, in the form of right-angled flat translucent perpendicular plates, extending ventrally as thin carinae; irregular rugulae extend between propodeal spines, faint to absent medially, weakly separating dorsal and posterior faces of propodeum; propodeal spiracle large, diameter similar to width of base of propodeal spine, located below propodeal spine and abutting posterior margin; all surfaces of mesosoma matte; dorsum of promesonotum irregularly rugose, dorsal face of propodeum faintly punctate, posterior face of propodeum smooth, lateral pronotum punctate; dorsolateral propodeum punctate, lower propodeum and mesopleuron confluent and smooth. - + +Description. Worker. HW 0.57-0.66, HL 0.55-0.63, WL 0.64-0.77, CI 103-110 (n=15). Labrum as in Fig. 1F, wider than long, strap-like lateral portions converging from base to near apex, joined by thin translucent cuticle medially but leaving distinctly bilobed apex, with distinct median notch; mandible triangular, in profile view with mandible closed, in same plane as clypeus, apex of mandible not down-turned; mandible with 8 teeth (Fig. 3E), tooth 1 continuous with basal rim of dorsal surface, teeth 1-5 bluntly rounded, similar in shape, a minute denticle between 4 and 5, teeth 6-7 smaller, not as blunt, tooth 8 long and acute; masticatory margin evenly curved, with no development of downturned apical fork; dorsal surface of mandible punctate; ventral surface concave, twisting toward articulation, broad basally and narrowing abruptly to narrow apical half to third; scape flattened, with pronounced anterobasal lobe, dorsal surface somewhat roughened; clypeus with broad, shallow emargination anteriorly; clypeus and face irregularly longitudinally rugose; frontal carinae faint, nearly obsolete; antennal socket deep, dorsal rim of socket continuous with pronounced dorsal margin of antennal scrobe; antennal scrobe deep, pocket-like, strongly delimited dorsally, posteriorly, and ventrally with sharply defined thin cuticular rim; compound eye small, circular, composed of about 7 ommatidia; feeble carina extends from ventral margin of antennal socket across floor of scrobe to compound eye; at about midlength on ventral margin of scrobe a variably-developed short carina extends perpendicularly onto floor of scrobe; ventral half of scrobe floor anterior to this short carina shallowly foveolate, rest of scrobe floor smooth, matte; vertex margin anterior to occipital carina densely punctulate, matte (top of head, not visible in face view); occipital carina extends a short distance onto ventral surface of head, fading before reaching level of compound eye; undersurface of head rugulose. +Promesonotum and dorsal face of propodeum forming an even convexity in profile, promesonotal suture not impressed, promesonotum with broad, weak, longitudinal impression; metanotal groove not impressed; propodeum with distinct dorsal and posterior faces meeting at a broadly obtuse angle; propodeal spines well-developed, in the form of right-angled flat translucent perpendicular plates, extending ventrally as thin carinae; irregular rugulae extend between propodeal spines, faint to absent medially, weakly separating dorsal and posterior faces of propodeum; propodeal spiracle large, diameter similar to width of base of propodeal spine, located below propodeal spine and abutting posterior margin; all surfaces of mesosoma matte; dorsum of promesonotum irregularly rugose, dorsal face of propodeum faintly punctate, posterior face of propodeum smooth, lateral pronotum punctate; dorsolateral propodeum punctate, lower propodeum and mesopleuron confluent and smooth. + Petiole in profile with peduncle differentiated from node, node with differentiated anterior face; node subquadrate, with long sloping dorsal face and short vertical posterior face; anteroventral margin with pronounced, anteriorly-directed peg-like tooth; postpetiole low, broad, crescent-shaped in dorsal view; dorsum of petiolar node and postpetiole punctate; first gastral tergite and sternite anteriorly with dense, confluent -puncta +puncta , on disc -puncta +puncta are sparse with smooth shiny interspaces, on posterior margin -puncta +puncta are more dense but smaller than anterior -puncta +puncta and not confluent. - + Anterior labral lobe with radiating tuft of soft, thick, translucent, capitate setae of unequal length projecting from apex (like Fig. 2); each larger mandibular tooth with fully appressed seta running length of tooth; anterior margin of scape with about 11 spatulate setae; clypeus and face with fine, sparse fully appressed ground pilosity; face typically with 10 erect spatulate setae arranged as in Fig. 5G; pronotum with one pair erect setae on humeri; mesonotum with a pair of erect spatulate setae; mesotibia with conspicuous spatulate ground pilosity, about 5 short spatulate setae of variable length at apex; petiole with 2 erect setae; postpetiole with 2 erect setae; first gastral tergite with 2 spatulate setae at posterior margin, 2-6 (usually 2) setae on disc, ground pilosity fully appressed, -sparse +sparse (length of setae less than distance between them); first gastral sternite with abundant short clavate to spatulate setae on posterior half to two thirds of sternite. -Color red brown. -Queen. HW 0.58-0.64, HL 0.61-0.65, WL 0.81-0.90, CI 95-101 (n=5). Head shape as in Fig. 14F; labrum, mandible, scape, and head sculpture similar to worker; antennal scrobe floor entirely smooth and matte; face with about 8 erect setae distributed as in worker, plus 2-6 on central frons, anterior to lateral ocelli; ocelli distinct; compound eye large, multifaceted, about 12 ommatidia in longest row. - +Color red brown. +Queen. HW 0.58-0.64, HL 0.61-0.65, WL 0.81-0.90, CI 95-101 (n=5). Head shape as in Fig. 14F; labrum, mandible, scape, and head sculpture similar to worker; antennal scrobe floor entirely smooth and matte; face with about 8 erect setae distributed as in worker, plus 2-6 on central frons, anterior to lateral ocelli; ocelli distinct; compound eye large, multifaceted, about 12 ommatidia in longest row. + Mesosoma with queen-typical alar sclerites; pronotum shallowly rugulose anteriorly, with dense confluent -puncta +puncta laterally; mesoscutum, axilla, and scutellum shallowly longitudinally rugulose; anepisternum and katepisternum separated by strong sulcus; anepisternum, katepisternum, and most of side of propodeum with dense confluent -puncta +puncta , with smooth matte patch in center of lower side of propodeum; dorsal face of propodeum faintly punctate; posterior face of propodeum smooth and shining dorsally, faintly foveolate ventrally; propodeal spines similar to worker; first gastral tergite and sternite with relatively uniform -puncta +puncta , interspaces subequal in width to -puncta +puncta , smooth and shining; pronotum with 2-4 erect setae, mesoscutum with 2-6, axilla, scutellum, and metanotum lacking erect setae, petiolar node with 2, postpetiolar disc with 2, first gastral tergite with about 10. Other characters similar to worker. - - + + Biology. -Octostruma excertirugis +Octostruma excertirugis is a moderately abundant lowland species from Mexico to Costa Rica. All records are from sea level to 800 m. It occurs in mature to highly disturbed rainforest and in seasonal moist forest. All collections are from Berlese and Winkler samples of sifted litter and rotten wood from the forest floor. In quantitative 1 m -2 +2 litter plot samples, it can occur in up to 16% of samples and is as or more abundant in second growth forest than in mature forest. Dealate queens are occasionally found together with workers in litter samples. - - + + Etymology. The -name +name refers to the pronounced rugae on the face, that often project through the soil layer. It is a dative plural noun and thus invariant. diff --git a/data/B1/DF/78/B1DF7892DB0294D6C01D9156CBF2B6E4.xml b/data/B1/DF/78/B1DF7892DB0294D6C01D9156CBF2B6E4.xml index 60d726b61c6..f10ddbe7ad1 100644 --- a/data/B1/DF/78/B1DF7892DB0294D6C01D9156CBF2B6E4.xml +++ b/data/B1/DF/78/B1DF7892DB0294D6C01D9156CBF2B6E4.xml @@ -1,76 +1,75 @@ - - - -A revision of the ant genus Octostruma Forel 1912 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) + + + +A revision of the ant genus Octostruma Forel 1912 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) - - -Author + + +Author -Longino, John T +Longino, John T -text - - -Zootaxa +text + + +Zootaxa - -2013 - -3699 + +2013 + +3699 - -1 -61 + +1 +61 -journal article -27552 -10.11646/zootaxa.3699.1.1 -65A19D30-8E7A-4073-B92B-9709F8384752 +journal article +27552 +10.11646/zootaxa.3699.1.1 - - - -Octostruma batesi + + + +Octostruma batesi (Emery, 1894) - -(Figs 1E, 3D, 42) + +(Figs 1E, 3D, 42) - - -Rhopalothrix batesi Emery + + +Rhopalothrix batesi Emery 1894: 218, pl. 1, fig. 11. Holotype worker: Brazil, Amazonas [MCSN] (AntWeb image examined, CASENT0904968). Combination in -Octostruma +Octostruma : Brown 1949: 92. See also Brown & Kempf, 1960: 201, fig. 19. - -Geographic range. Brazil (Amazonas), Ecuador, Bolivia. + +Geographic range. Brazil (Amazonas), Ecuador, Bolivia. - - + + Comments. The holotype of -O. batesi +O. batesi closely matches three MCZC collections I have examined, two from the Andean foothills in Ecuador and one from the Andean foothills in Bolivia. The type is slightly larger than any of the other specimens. Brown and Kempf (1960) examined the holotype and provided measurements HW 0.71, HL 0.64, WL 0.78, CI 111. Measurements of the holotype using the AntWeb image were smaller: HW 0.65, HL 0.59, CI 110. Measurements for one worker each from the three MCZC collections are HW 0.53-0.60, HL 0.50-0.55, CI 107-111. - -Octostruma batesi + +Octostruma batesi is very similar to the widespread -O. betschi +O. betschi of the Amazonian lowlands, the latter differing in the presence of appressed spatulate setae on the scape and a somewhat more concave face. - + Octostruma batesi -, +, -O. betschi +O. betschi , and -O. stenognatha +O. stenognatha are all similar in size and head shape and possibly form a clade. Although geographic coverage is poor, the known specimens form an allopatric or parapatric replacement series in South America. However, the provenance of the holotype of -O. batesi +O. batesi is uncertain. The type locality, in the original publication and on the specimen, is simply "Amazonas." diff --git a/data/B7/24/44/B7244444D4184F9DAF66028DE2BBE8F2.xml b/data/B7/24/44/B7244444D4184F9DAF66028DE2BBE8F2.xml index 6fb27038158..0a5bb33a3e9 100644 --- a/data/B7/24/44/B7244444D4184F9DAF66028DE2BBE8F2.xml +++ b/data/B7/24/44/B7244444D4184F9DAF66028DE2BBE8F2.xml @@ -1,60 +1,59 @@ - - - -A revision of the ant genus Octostruma Forel 1912 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) + + + +A revision of the ant genus Octostruma Forel 1912 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) - - -Author + + +Author -Longino, John T +Longino, John T -text - - -Zootaxa +text + + +Zootaxa - -2013 - -3699 + +2013 + +3699 - -1 -61 + +1 +61 -journal article -27552 -10.11646/zootaxa.3699.1.1 -65A19D30-8E7A-4073-B92B-9709F8384752 +journal article +27552 +10.11646/zootaxa.3699.1.1 - - - -Octostruma inca Brown & Kempf + + + +Octostruma inca Brown & Kempf , 1960 - -(Figs 27, 44) + +(Figs 27, 44) - - -Octostruma inca Brown & Kempf + + +Octostruma inca Brown & Kempf 1960: 185, figs. 16, 29. Holotype worker: Peru, "unknown locality... probably on the Amazon drainage" (W. Weyrauch, No. 732) [MZSP]; paratype workers: same data as holotype [MZSP, MCZC]; non-type queen: Bolivia [MCZC] (MCZ paratype workers and non-type queen examined). Description of larva: Wheeler & Wheeler, 1977: 600. - -Geographic range. Colombia, Peru, Bolivia. + +Geographic range. Colombia, Peru, Bolivia. - - + + Comments. The combination in the worker of large compound eyes with many ommatidia, antennal scrobe a -shallow +shallow impression without carinate rim, base of scape lacking flattened anterior lobe, and HW> 0.68 uniquely identify this species. The measurements reported in Brown and Kempf (1960) for the holotype of -O. inca +O. inca are considerably larger than the six workers measured for this report. HW of six measured workers, including three paratypes, is 0.69-0.87; HW of the holotype is reported as 0.91. The larva described by Wheeler and Wheeler (1977) was a specimen from Colombia sent by W. L. Brown. MCZC material examined for this report includes what appear to be two nest series collected by W. L. Brown in Dept. Valle, Colombia. diff --git a/data/C7/22/4A/C7224A3EB855171ECBB825557D02A9AA.xml b/data/C7/22/4A/C7224A3EB855171ECBB825557D02A9AA.xml index 350b8bd5cb8..9b996b1aef9 100644 --- a/data/C7/22/4A/C7224A3EB855171ECBB825557D02A9AA.xml +++ b/data/C7/22/4A/C7224A3EB855171ECBB825557D02A9AA.xml @@ -1,128 +1,127 @@ - - - -A revision of the ant genus Octostruma Forel 1912 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) + + + +A revision of the ant genus Octostruma Forel 1912 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) - - -Author + + +Author -Longino, John T +Longino, John T -text - - -Zootaxa +text + + +Zootaxa - -2013 - -3699 + +2013 + +3699 - -1 -61 + +1 +61 -journal article -27552 -10.11646/zootaxa.3699.1.1 -65A19D30-8E7A-4073-B92B-9709F8384752 +journal article +27552 +10.11646/zootaxa.3699.1.1 - - - - + + + + Octostruma convallis -Longino +Longino , -sp. nov. +sp. nov. - -(Figs 1H, 3G, 6E, 14H, 20, 44) + +(Figs 1H, 3G, 6E, 14H, 20, 44) - - + + Type material. Holotype worker: COSTA RICA, Puntarenas: Monteverde, 10.3, -84.8, -+/- ++/- 2 km, 1500 m, 21 Jul 1984, cloud forest, ex sifted leaf litter on ground (J. Longino) [CAS, unique specimen identifier CASENT0627381]. Paratype workers: same data except 9 Jul 1984 [USNM, CASENT0627383; INBC, CASENT0627384]; 15 Jun 1991 (J. Longino#2900-s) [MCZC, CASENT0639166]; 13 Mar 2003 (L. A. Schonberg) [JTLC, JTLC000003934]; 17 Mar 2003 (L. A. Schonberg) [JTL, CJTLC000004888]. - -Geographic range. Costa Rica. + +Geographic range. Costa Rica. - - + + Diagnosis. Antennal scrobe very shallow, not distinctly margined; face with arcuate carina; frontal carinae and facial arc separated by a transverse trough, and the termini of the facial arc extend laterally beyond the termini of the frontal carinae (termini of facial arc join frontal carinae in - + O. ascrobis -, +, -O. ascrobicula +O. ascrobicula ); facial arc not strongly elevated, becoming irregular and somewhat weaker laterally, frontal carinae stronger than lateral portions of facial arc (facial arc strong throughout, much stronger than frontal carinae in -O. limbifrons +O. limbifrons ); pronotum smooth and shiny, differentiated from foveolate mesonotum (promesonotal dorsum uniformly foveolate in -O. convallisur +O. convallisur ). - - + + Description. Worker. HW 0.52-0.54, HL 0.50-0.52, WL 0.54-0.56, CI 102-106 (n=2). Labrum rectangular, formed of strap-like lateral portions joined by a thin translucent lamella (Fig. 1H); mandible strongly bowed, in profile view with mandible closed, basal portion of mandible in same plane as clypeus, apex of mandible strongly down-turned, the down-turned portion subequal in length to basal portion; with mandible fully open, dorsal face fully perpendicular to plane of clypeus and teeth projecting dorsally; mandible with 10 teeth (Fig. 3G), tooth 1 continuous with basal rim of dorsal surface, teeth 1-7 as in Fig. 3G, teeth 7-10 form an apical fork perpendicular to base of dorsal face, tooth 7 long and separate, tooth 8 about 1/3 length of tooth 7, teeth 9 and 10 slightly longer than 7, joined to near tip (or could be interpreted as single tooth bifid at the tip), tooth 9 slightly shorter than 10; dorsal surface of mandible smooth; ventral surface narrow, smooth and shiny; interior surface strongly concave, smooth and highly polished; scape flattened, with pronounced anterobasal lobe, dorsal surface smooth and shining; clypeus strongly emarginate anteriorly, smooth and shining; frontal carinae sharp, narrow, extending more or less straight back and ending before reaching transverse facial arc; facial arc broad, not strongly semicircular, extending toward sides of head beyond termini of frontal carinae, curving forward to form irregular carina or gibbosity between compound eye and frontal carina; a shallow trough separates frontal carinae and facial arc; frontal carinae and facial arc delimit anterior concave surface that is shiny, with irregular median longitudinal carina and faint transverse rugulae laterally; side of head near compound eye shallowly foveolate; vertex posterior to facial arc largely smooth and highly polished, with distinct, sparse, uniformly distributed -puncta +puncta ; compound eye small, circular, composed of 4-5 somewhat confluent ommatidia; antennal scrobe below eye, very shallow and not delimited with carina or flange; scrobe and undersurface of head shallowly foveolate. - + Promesonotum forming continuous convexity in profile; metanotal groove not impressed; propodeum forming a single, concave, sloping surface, not differentiated into dorsal and posterior faces; propodeal spines low and obtuse, extending anteriorly as raised carinae that curve medially and join at the metanotal groove, extending -ventrally +ventrally as narrow lamella, thus posterodorsal propodeum entirely delimited by raised carinae confluent with propodeal spines; propodeal spiracle large, located immediately below propodeal spine and abutting posterior margin; pronotum sculpture smooth and shining with sparse -puncta +puncta , like posterior vertex; mesonotum with feeble, mesh-like sculpture, contrasting sharply with pronotum and clearly demarcating juncture of pro- and mesonotum; posterodorsal face of propodeum shallowly foveolate; mesopleuron and side of propodeum not differentiated, feebly rugulose. -Petiole in profile with peduncle not differentiated from node, anterior surface sloping evenly from petiolar foramen to node, dorsal face of node sloping posteriorly to projecting transverse cuticular rim, short concave posterior face beneath rim; anteroventral margin without tooth or angle; dorsal face of node smooth and shining; postpetiole low, broad, crescent-shaped in dorsal view, dorsal face shallowly foveolate anteriorly, smooth and shining posteriorly, delimited anteriorly and posteriorly by thin transverse rim; first gastral tergite shallowly foveolate anteriorly, grading to smooth and shining at posterior rim; first gastral sternite foveolate anteriorly, grading to sparsely punctate with smooth and shining interspaces posteriorly. -Labrum fringed on sides and apex with soft translucent thick setae, one of these on each anterior labral lobe much longer than the others, projecting ventrally; extreme base of ventral surface of mandible with very fine, long seta that curves forward and nearly touches ventrally projecting labral seta; each larger mandibular tooth with prominent fully appressed seta; anterior margin of scape with 6-7 stiff clavate setae; clypeus and face devoid of ground pilosity; 1 stout clavate seta on each side of facial arc, posterior to compound eye and lateral to frontal carinae; mesonotum, petiole and postpetiole lacking erect setae, ground pilosity extremely short, sparse, unnoticeable; mesotibia with short, thin, sparse, decumbent ground pilosity, a single large stout clavate seta and several thin shorter erect setae at apex; mesobasitarsus with 2 pairs long, thin, erect setae; first gastral tergite devoid of clavate setae, following exposed tergites each with row of clavate setae; ground pilosity of first gastral tergite short, sparse, fully appressed, somewhat more noticeable than on mesosoma; first gastral sternite with sparse, thin but stiff erect setae over much of surface except narrow area near postpetiolar insertion. -Color orange. - +Petiole in profile with peduncle not differentiated from node, anterior surface sloping evenly from petiolar foramen to node, dorsal face of node sloping posteriorly to projecting transverse cuticular rim, short concave posterior face beneath rim; anteroventral margin without tooth or angle; dorsal face of node smooth and shining; postpetiole low, broad, crescent-shaped in dorsal view, dorsal face shallowly foveolate anteriorly, smooth and shining posteriorly, delimited anteriorly and posteriorly by thin transverse rim; first gastral tergite shallowly foveolate anteriorly, grading to smooth and shining at posterior rim; first gastral sternite foveolate anteriorly, grading to sparsely punctate with smooth and shining interspaces posteriorly. +Labrum fringed on sides and apex with soft translucent thick setae, one of these on each anterior labral lobe much longer than the others, projecting ventrally; extreme base of ventral surface of mandible with very fine, long seta that curves forward and nearly touches ventrally projecting labral seta; each larger mandibular tooth with prominent fully appressed seta; anterior margin of scape with 6-7 stiff clavate setae; clypeus and face devoid of ground pilosity; 1 stout clavate seta on each side of facial arc, posterior to compound eye and lateral to frontal carinae; mesonotum, petiole and postpetiole lacking erect setae, ground pilosity extremely short, sparse, unnoticeable; mesotibia with short, thin, sparse, decumbent ground pilosity, a single large stout clavate seta and several thin shorter erect setae at apex; mesobasitarsus with 2 pairs long, thin, erect setae; first gastral tergite devoid of clavate setae, following exposed tergites each with row of clavate setae; ground pilosity of first gastral tergite short, sparse, fully appressed, somewhat more noticeable than on mesosoma; first gastral sternite with sparse, thin but stiff erect setae over much of surface except narrow area near postpetiolar insertion. +Color orange. + Queen. HW 0.62, HL 0.61, WL 0.84, CI 103 (n=1). Labrum, mandible, anterior clypeal margin, and scape similar to worker; clypeus smooth and shining with sparse -puncta +puncta , separated from vertex with distinct suture; frontal carinae distinct, extending to level of posterior margin of compound eye; transverse facial arc feeble, marked by a semicircular row of 11 erect clavate setae; face anterior to row of setae flat, irregularly rugose, lacking longitudinal median carina, face rugosity extending posteriorly across facial arc, grading to smooth and shining with sparse -puncta +puncta near occipital carina; ocelli distinct, anteromedian ocellus immediately anterior to seta row; compound eye large, multifaceted, about 12 ommatidia in longest row; outermost seta of seta row at inner margin of compound eye; antennal scrobe shallow, like worker. - + Mesosoma with queen-typical alar sclerites; pronotum smooth and shining laterally and anteriorly, with faint rugulae and sparse -puncta +puncta on humeri; mesoscutum, axilla, and scutellum irregularly longitudinally rugulose; anepisternum and katepisternum separated by strong sulcus, anepisternum smooth and shining, katepisternum smooth and shining anteriorly, feebly punctatorugose posteriorly; metapleuron distinct, with deep transverse sulcus, separated from side of propodeum by dorsoventral sulcus; metapleuron and side of propodeum feebly punctatorugose; posterodorsal propodeum foveolate; propodeal spines pronounced, in the form of flattened perpendicular plates, right-angle in profile; propodeal spiracle smaller and lower compared to worker, anterior to ventral propodeal lamella; mesoscutum with 6 erect clavate setae. - + Petiole similar to worker, but posterior rim more pronounced and projecting; postpetiole also with a posterior projecting rim, ventral margin with a short acute tooth; first gastral tergite punctate over much of surface, grading to sparser and smaller -puncta +puncta at posterior border; petiole and postpetiole lacking erect setae; first gastral tergite with 6 erect clavate setae along posterior border, about 10 scattered over disc; first gastral sternite densely punctate, with abundant short, stiff, erect setae. -Color red. +Color red. - -Biology. This species inhabits cloud forest, from 1100-1600 m. All specimens are from samples of sifted leaf litter and rotten wood from the forest floor. A total of 8 workers and 1 dealate queen are known, from 7 Winkler samples. All but one of the specimens are from the ridge crest cloud forest above the community of Monteverde, 1500-1600 m, in the Cordillera de Tilaran. One worker is from 1100 m on the Barva Transect, in the Cordillera Volcanica Central. + +Biology. This species inhabits cloud forest, from 1100-1600 m. All specimens are from samples of sifted leaf litter and rotten wood from the forest floor. A total of 8 workers and 1 dealate queen are known, from 7 Winkler samples. All but one of the specimens are from the ridge crest cloud forest above the community of Monteverde, 1500-1600 m, in the Cordillera de Tilaran. One worker is from 1100 m on the Barva Transect, in the Cordillera Volcanica Central. - - -Comments + + +Comments . This species and the closely similar -O. ascrobis +O. ascrobis form an elevational replacement series in Costa Rica, with -O. ascrobis +O. ascrobis being a widespread lowland species and -O. convallis +O. convallis being a montane endemic with a narrow range. - - + + Etymology. The -name +name refers to shallow trough that separates the frontal carinae from the transverse carina on the vertex. It is a genitive singular noun and thus invariant. diff --git a/data/CC/A7/10/CCA71060EBB27D20220A13F7D910F7F1.xml b/data/CC/A7/10/CCA71060EBB27D20220A13F7D910F7F1.xml index 434b1bab852..0812a28817d 100644 --- a/data/CC/A7/10/CCA71060EBB27D20220A13F7D910F7F1.xml +++ b/data/CC/A7/10/CCA71060EBB27D20220A13F7D910F7F1.xml @@ -1,94 +1,93 @@ - - - -A revision of the ant genus Octostruma Forel 1912 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) + + + +A revision of the ant genus Octostruma Forel 1912 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) - - -Author + + +Author -Longino, John T +Longino, John T -text - - -Zootaxa +text + + +Zootaxa - -2013 - -3699 + +2013 + +3699 - -1 -61 + +1 +61 -journal article -27552 -10.11646/zootaxa.3699.1.1 -65A19D30-8E7A-4073-B92B-9709F8384752 +journal article +27552 +10.11646/zootaxa.3699.1.1 - - - - + + + + Octostruma planities -Longino +Longino , -sp. nov. +sp. nov. - -(Figs 1B, 3B, 5O, 13B, 35, 43) + +(Figs 1B, 3B, 5O, 13B, 35, 43) - - + + Type material. Holotype worker: NICARAGUA, -Region -Autonoma +Region +Autonoma del Atlantico Sur: 27 km WSW Rama, 12.12267, -84.46227, -+/- ++/- 100 m, 50 m, 18 Apr 2011, 2nd growth riparian forest, ex sifted leaf litter (J. Longino#7323-s) [CAS, unique specimen identifier CASENT0619872]. Paratype workers: same data [MCZC, CASENT0625029]; same data except 13 km WNW Rama, 12.19470, -84.33665, -+/- ++/- 100 m, 190 m, 2nd growth forest, ex sifted leaf litter (J. Longino#7322-s) [USNM, CASENT0625016]. - -Geographic range. Mexico to Costa Rica. + +Geographic range. Mexico to Costa Rica. - -Diagnosis. Face lacking transverse arcuate carina; basal five teeth of mandible acute; apex of labrum bilobed; face typically with 2 spatulate setae on posteromedian vertex margin (Fig. 5O), lacking elsewhere on face, mesosomal dorsum, and first gastral tergite; filiform setae lacking on petiole, postpetiole, first gastral sternite; dorsal face of propodeum flat or weakly convex over entire length; metanotal groove not impressed; HW <0.72. + +Diagnosis. Face lacking transverse arcuate carina; basal five teeth of mandible acute; apex of labrum bilobed; face typically with 2 spatulate setae on posteromedian vertex margin (Fig. 5O), lacking elsewhere on face, mesosomal dorsum, and first gastral tergite; filiform setae lacking on petiole, postpetiole, first gastral sternite; dorsal face of propodeum flat or weakly convex over entire length; metanotal groove not impressed; HW <0.72. - - + + Description. Worker. HW 0.58-0.71, HL 0.55-0.65, WL 0.64-0.79, CI 104-109 (n=12). Similar in most respects to -O. cyrtinotum +O. cyrtinotum and -O. montanis +O. montanis , excepting the characters noted in the Diagnosis. Color orange. -The queen is unknown. +The queen is unknown. - - + + Biology. -Octostruma planities +Octostruma planities is a lowland species that occurs in a wide variety of habitats including rainforest, seasonal moist forest, seasonal dry forest, and thorn scrub. Collections are from sea level to 600 m elevation. All collections are from Winkler or Berlese samples of sifted litter and rotten wood from the forest floor. - - -Comments + + +Comments . Specimens from wet forest sites on the Caribbean side of the range tend to have the surface of the clypeus matte, while specimens from dry habitats in central and western parts of the range have the clypeus shiny. Thus there is the potential of cryptic or ecotonal species. - - + + Etymology. The -name +name refers to its restriction to lowland areas. It is a genitive singular noun and thus invariant. diff --git a/data/D3/8C/90/D38C90B2D49EC868038ECE5627486CFA.xml b/data/D3/8C/90/D38C90B2D49EC868038ECE5627486CFA.xml index 9e2945880e1..c6401d6dbb8 100644 --- a/data/D3/8C/90/D38C90B2D49EC868038ECE5627486CFA.xml +++ b/data/D3/8C/90/D38C90B2D49EC868038ECE5627486CFA.xml @@ -1,113 +1,112 @@ - - - -A revision of the ant genus Octostruma Forel 1912 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) + + + +A revision of the ant genus Octostruma Forel 1912 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) - - -Author + + +Author -Longino, John T +Longino, John T -text - - -Zootaxa +text + + +Zootaxa - -2013 - -3699 + +2013 + +3699 - -1 -61 + +1 +61 -journal article -27552 -10.11646/zootaxa.3699.1.1 -65A19D30-8E7A-4073-B92B-9709F8384752 +journal article +27552 +10.11646/zootaxa.3699.1.1 - - - - + + + + Octostruma montanis -Longino +Longino , -sp. nov. +sp. nov. - -(Figs 1C, 3B, 5P, 32, 43) + +(Figs 1C, 3B, 5P, 32, 43) - - + + Type material. Holotype worker: NICARAGUA, Matagalpa: RN Cerro Musun, 12.97796, -85.23242, -+/- ++/- 50 m, 1350 m, 1 May 2011, wet cloud forest, ex sifted leaf litter (R.S.Anderson#2011-008) [CAS, unique specimen identifier CASENT0627340]. Paratype workers: same data [CAS, CASENT0623873; USNM, CASENT0627338; MCZC, CASENT0627339; MZSP, CASENT0627341]; same data except 12.97056, -85.23388, -+/- ++/- 20 m, 1120 m, 2 May 2011 (LLAMA, Wm-D-01-1-06) [INBC, CASENT0639986; UCDC, CASENT0639988; CAS, CASENT0639990; JTLC, CASENT0639991]. - -Geographic range. Southern Nicaragua, Costa Rica. + +Geographic range. Southern Nicaragua, Costa Rica. - - + + Diagnosis. Face lacking transverse arcuate carina; basal five teeth of mandible acute; apex of labrum bilobed; face typically with 6 spatulate setae (8 in -O. cyrtinotum +O. cyrtinotum ), seta-bearing pits along vertex margin large; filiform setae lacking on petiole, postpetiole, first gastral sternite; anterior half of dorsal face of propodeum convex, demarcating impressed metanotal groove; mesonotum lacking spatulate setae (with a pair in -O. cyrtinotum +O. cyrtinotum ). - - -Description + + +Description . Worker. HW 0.73-0.78, HL 0.69-0.72, WL 0.80-0.85, CI 106-109 (n=4). Differing from -O. cyrtinotum +O. cyrtinotum in the characters of the Diagnosis; otherwise similar in most respects to -O. cyrtinotum +O. cyrtinotum . -The queen is unknown. +The queen is unknown. - - + + Biology. -Octostruma montanis +Octostruma montanis is a cloud forest species known from two sites: Cerro -Musun +Musun in southern Nicaragua and Monteverde in Costa Rica. Cerro -Musun +Musun is an isolated mountain surrounded by largely deforested lowlands. The slopes from 700 m elevation to the peak at 1400 m are a protected reserve. The LLAMA project carried out Winkler sampling across the full elevational range of the reserve, and -O. montanis +O. montanis was restricted to parts of the reserve above 1100 m. In Monteverde in the Cordillera de Tilaran, northern Costa Rica, -O. montanis +O. montanis occurs in the ridge crest cloud forest at 1500 m elevation, but not lower. All collections are from Winkler samples of sifted litter and rotten wood from the forest floor. - - + + Comments. Three worker series from Reserva -Musun +Musun in Nicaragua are uniform in face setal pattern, as in Fig. 5P. Two worker series, each of two workers, are known from Monteverde, Costa Rica, and they vary in setal pattern. One series is identical to the -Musun +Musun specimens, with the same number and disposition of setae, and the same enlarged seta-bearing pits. The other has only the posteromedian seta pair and the pits are not enlarged. The seta pair at the lateral vertex angles and the pair near the eyes are missing and there are no differentiated pits at these sites, so their absence is probably not due to wear. This setal pattern is the same as -O. planities +O. planities , which occurs in the nearby dry-forest lowlands. In all other characters the specimens are like other -O. montanis +O. montanis specimens. - - + + Etymology. The -name +name refers to its restriction to montane habitats. It is a dative plural noun and thus invariant. diff --git a/data/D4/21/95/D42195211C845BB510BEABDBDE071FEB.xml b/data/D4/21/95/D42195211C845BB510BEABDBDE071FEB.xml index a6ad4c5881e..65e3c056d48 100644 --- a/data/D4/21/95/D42195211C845BB510BEABDBDE071FEB.xml +++ b/data/D4/21/95/D42195211C845BB510BEABDBDE071FEB.xml @@ -1,68 +1,67 @@ - - - -A revision of the ant genus Octostruma Forel 1912 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) + + + +A revision of the ant genus Octostruma Forel 1912 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) - - -Author + + +Author -Longino, John T +Longino, John T -text - - -Zootaxa +text + + +Zootaxa - -2013 - -3699 + +2013 + +3699 - -1 -61 + +1 +61 -journal article -27552 -10.11646/zootaxa.3699.1.1 -65A19D30-8E7A-4073-B92B-9709F8384752 +journal article +27552 +10.11646/zootaxa.3699.1.1 - - - -Octostruma impressa Palacio + + + +Octostruma impressa Palacio , 1997 - -(Fig 44) + +(Fig 44) - - -Octostruma impressa Palacio + + +Octostruma impressa Palacio 1997: 411, figs. 1D-H. Holotype worker: Colombia, Antioquia: Municipio de Frontino, Parque Nacional Natural Orchideas, 500 m NE -Estacion +Estacion Venados, 950 m, 6 Apr 1996 (E. Palacio) [ICN, ICN-MHN-HY-5022] (not examined). - -Geographic range. Colombia. + +Geographic range. Colombia. - - + + Comments. Palacio (1997) reports the measurements of this species as HW 0.67-0.77, HL 0.65-0.75, CI 102- 103. From the description, it seems to combine characters of -O. inca +O. inca and -O. balzani +O. balzani . The head size and shape, the large compound eyes, and the impressed metanotal groove are similar to -O. inca +O. inca . The mandibular dentition and the basal scape lobe are apparently like -O. balzani +O. balzani . The original publication indicates that a paratype has been deposited at MCZC, but a loan of all MCZC -Octostruma +Octostruma did not contain it. diff --git a/data/D6/D0/90/D6D0901E633BF86723EFC58B90B2F3DF.xml b/data/D6/D0/90/D6D0901E633BF86723EFC58B90B2F3DF.xml index 1d3ae7f91d9..e183c4a9461 100644 --- a/data/D6/D0/90/D6D0901E633BF86723EFC58B90B2F3DF.xml +++ b/data/D6/D0/90/D6D0901E633BF86723EFC58B90B2F3DF.xml @@ -1,101 +1,100 @@ - - - -A revision of the ant genus Octostruma Forel 1912 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) + + + +A revision of the ant genus Octostruma Forel 1912 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) - - -Author + + +Author -Longino, John T +Longino, John T -text - - -Zootaxa +text + + +Zootaxa - -2013 - -3699 + +2013 + +3699 - -1 -61 + +1 +61 -journal article -27552 -10.11646/zootaxa.3699.1.1 -65A19D30-8E7A-4073-B92B-9709F8384752 +journal article +27552 +10.11646/zootaxa.3699.1.1 - - - -Octostruma lutzi + + + +Octostruma lutzi (Wheeler, 1913) Revised Status - -(Figs 1E, 3D, 5A, 5B, 30, 42) + +(Figs 1E, 3D, 5A, 5B, 30, 42) - - -Rhopalothrix (Octostruma) lutzi Wheeler + + +Rhopalothrix (Octostruma) lutzi Wheeler , 1913: 241. Lectotype worker: Dominica, Laudet & Long Ditton, near Roseau (Lutz) [MCZC, MCZ-ENT00303378] (examined); non-type queen: same data as lectotype [AMNH?] (not examined). Combination in -Octostruma +Octostruma : Brown, 1949: 92. Junior synonym of -Octostruma balzani +Octostruma balzani : Brown & Kempf, 1960: 194. Revised Status. - -Geographic range. Dominica, Guadeloupe. + +Geographic range. Dominica, Guadeloupe. - - + + Description. Worker. Dominica: HW 0.56-0.61, HL 0.55-0.59, WL 0.61-0.64, CI 102-104 (n=3). Guadeloupe: HW 0.57-0.62, HL 0.53-0.58, WL 0.60-0.65, CI 107-109 (n=6). Face setation as in Fig. 5A or 5B; mesosoma typically with two pairs spatulate setae, one on pronotum and one on mesonotum (pronotal setae lacking in all other balzani-group species except -O. batesi +O. batesi and -O. betschi +O. betschi ); posterolateral margin of head subequal to or longer than anterolateral margin (posterolateral margin shorter than anterolateral margin in -O. batesi +O. batesi and -O. betschi +O. betschi ); color dark brown on Guadeloupe. -Queen. The Dominica queen described by Wheeler was not examined. Guadeloupe queen: HW 0.65-0.66, HL 0.61-0.62, WL 0.77-0.80, CI 105-108 (n=3). Labrum, mandible, scape, antennal scrobe, and head sculpture similar to worker; face with 8-10 erect setae distributed symmetrically around lateral and posterior margins of head, a seta on low ridge in front of each compound eye, 4 setae across vertex between compound eyes; ocelli distinct; compound eye large, multifaceted, about 12 ommatidia in longest row. -Mesosoma with queen-typical alar sclerites; sculpture like workers; anepisternum and katepisternum separated by strong sulcus; posterodorsal propodeum concave; propodeal spines pronounced, in the form of flattened perpendicular plates, acute in profile; pronotum with 4 erect setae, mesoscutum with 10-12, axilla with 1, scutellum with 2, metanotum with 2, petiolar node with 4, postpetiolar disc with 4, first gastral tergite with about 40. Other characters similar to worker. +Queen. The Dominica queen described by Wheeler was not examined. Guadeloupe queen: HW 0.65-0.66, HL 0.61-0.62, WL 0.77-0.80, CI 105-108 (n=3). Labrum, mandible, scape, antennal scrobe, and head sculpture similar to worker; face with 8-10 erect setae distributed symmetrically around lateral and posterior margins of head, a seta on low ridge in front of each compound eye, 4 setae across vertex between compound eyes; ocelli distinct; compound eye large, multifaceted, about 12 ommatidia in longest row. +Mesosoma with queen-typical alar sclerites; sculpture like workers; anepisternum and katepisternum separated by strong sulcus; posterodorsal propodeum concave; propodeal spines pronounced, in the form of flattened perpendicular plates, acute in profile; pronotum with 4 erect setae, mesoscutum with 10-12, axilla with 1, scutellum with 2, metanotum with 2, petiolar node with 4, postpetiolar disc with 4, first gastral tergite with about 40. Other characters similar to worker. - - + + Biology. -Octostruma lutzi +Octostruma lutzi is an island species endemic to Dominica and Guadeloupe in the Lesser Antilles. The syntypes were collected "sifting leaves in forest and among bananas and tree-ferns along the edge of it." (Wheeler, 1913). On Guadeloupe, it occurs from sea level to 800 m elevation, in a variety of forested habitats including wet and seasonal dry forest, mahogany plantation, and cloud forest. All Guadeloupe specimens are from Winkler samples of sifted litter and rotten wood from the forest floor. Dealate queens often occur together with workers in litter samples. - - + + Comments. The original syntype series of -O. lutzi +O. lutzi contained both -O. lutzi +O. lutzi (one of which was designated lectotype in Brown and Kempf, 1960) and -Eurhopalothrix guadeloupensis Longino +Eurhopalothrix guadeloupensis Longino 2013. Wheeler's description of -O. lutzi +O. lutzi pertains to -O. lutzi +O. lutzi for the most part, but the description of pilosity better fits the -Eurhopalothrix +Eurhopalothrix worker. The identity of the described queen remains uncertain. - + The degree to which the Dominica and Guadeloupe populations are differentiated is poorly known. Examined -workers +workers from Dominica (the MCZC type series of -O. lutzi +O. lutzi ) have distinctly narrower heads than workers from Guadeloupe (CI 102-104 vs. 107-109). The Dominica workers are light orange brown and the Guadeloupe workers are dark brown, but the former are also over 100 years old and may have faded. diff --git a/data/E4/D4/B7/E4D4B7AC47057728DF7899000FE2B228.xml b/data/E4/D4/B7/E4D4B7AC47057728DF7899000FE2B228.xml index 7d7a38d5fe8..40bd36f440d 100644 --- a/data/E4/D4/B7/E4D4B7AC47057728DF7899000FE2B228.xml +++ b/data/E4/D4/B7/E4D4B7AC47057728DF7899000FE2B228.xml @@ -1,101 +1,100 @@ - - - -A revision of the ant genus Octostruma Forel 1912 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) + + + +A revision of the ant genus Octostruma Forel 1912 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) - - -Author + + +Author -Longino, John T +Longino, John T -text - - -Zootaxa +text + + +Zootaxa - -2013 - -3699 + +2013 + +3699 - -1 -61 + +1 +61 -journal article -27552 -10.11646/zootaxa.3699.1.1 -65A19D30-8E7A-4073-B92B-9709F8384752 +journal article +27552 +10.11646/zootaxa.3699.1.1 - - - - + + + + Octostruma triquetrilabrum -Longino +Longino , -sp. nov. +sp. nov. - -(Figs 1A, 3A, 5K, 39, 43) + +(Figs 1A, 3A, 5K, 39, 43) - - + + Type material. Holotype worker: COSTA RICA, Puntarenas: Est. Biol. Los Llanos, near Santa Elena, 10.30487, - 84.83735, -+/- ++/- 100 m, 1150 m, 28 Feb 2004, moist forest, ex sifted leaf litter (J. Longino#5249-s) [INBC, JTLC000004551]. Paratype workers: same data [JTLC, JTLC000004543]; same data except Alajuela: Casa Eladio, Rio Penas Blancas, 10.31667, -84.71667, -+/- ++/- 2 km, 800 m, 10 May 1989, wet forest, ex sifted leaf litter on ground (J. Longino#2529-s) [CAS, INBIOCRI001281407]; 23 May 1990 (J. Longino#2701-s) [USNM, CASENT0627377; MCZC, CASENT0627378; UCDC, INBIOCRI001282521; MZSP, INBIOCRI001282522; CAS, INBIOCRI001282523]. - -Geographic range. Costa Rica, Panama. + +Geographic range. Costa Rica, Panama. - - + + Diagnosis. With the characters of -O. wheeleri +O. wheeleri and -O. triangulabrum +O. triangulabrum . Differing from -O. wheeleri +O. wheeleri in the -presence +presence of 8-10 spatulate setae on face (6 on -O. wheeleri +O. wheeleri ) and shallow reticulate rugulose sculpture on face and dorsal pronotum (nearly smooth on -O. wheeleri +O. wheeleri ). Differing from -O. triangulabrum +O. triangulabrum in the absence of a pair of spatulate setae on the mesonotum (present in -O. triangulabrum +O. triangulabrum ); first gastral sternite more uniformly punctate. - - + + Description. Worker. HW 0.74-0.80, HL 0.68-0.72, WL 0.84-0.88, CI 109-111 (n=2). Matching in almost every respect the description for -O. triangulabrum +O. triangulabrum , except the differences outlined in the Diagnosis and key. -The queen is unknown. +The queen is unknown. - - + + Biology. -Octostruma triquetrilabrum +Octostruma triquetrilabrum is known from two sites near Monteverde in the Cordillera de Tilaran, and one site in the mountains of western Panama. One Monteverde site is very wet, old-growth montane forest at 800 m on the Atlantic slope, and the other Monteverde site is a small patch of seasonal moist forest at 1150 m, just below the cloud forest on the Pacific slope. All specimens are from Winkler samples of sifted leaf litter. - - + + Etymology. The -name +name refers to the triangular labrum that is not bilobed at the apex. It is a noun in apposition and thus invariant. diff --git a/data/E5/F3/57/E5F3573C28D80A0C5688C7F677B31D01.xml b/data/E5/F3/57/E5F3573C28D80A0C5688C7F677B31D01.xml index 296c1c57a83..6707c9b71dc 100644 --- a/data/E5/F3/57/E5F3573C28D80A0C5688C7F677B31D01.xml +++ b/data/E5/F3/57/E5F3573C28D80A0C5688C7F677B31D01.xml @@ -1,120 +1,119 @@ - - - -A revision of the ant genus Octostruma Forel 1912 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) + + + +A revision of the ant genus Octostruma Forel 1912 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) - - -Author + + +Author -Longino, John T +Longino, John T -text - - -Zootaxa +text + + +Zootaxa - -2013 - -3699 + +2013 + +3699 - -1 -61 + +1 +61 -journal article -27552 -10.11646/zootaxa.3699.1.1 -65A19D30-8E7A-4073-B92B-9709F8384752 +journal article +27552 +10.11646/zootaxa.3699.1.1 - - - - + + + + Octostruma limbifrons -Longino +Longino , -sp. nov. +sp. nov. - -(Figs 6D, 29, 44) + +(Figs 6D, 29, 44) - - + + Type material. Holotype worker: PANAMA, Chiriqui: 24 km W El Hato del Volcan [8.833, -82.754, -+/- ++/- 10 km], 1160 m, 26 Jun 1976, cloud forest, ex sifted leaf litter (A. F. Newton) [MCZC, unique specimen identifier MCZ-ENT 00511414]. - - -Geographic + + +Geographic range. Panama. - - + + Diagnosis. Antennal scrobe very shallow, not distinctly margined; face with arcuate carina; frontal carinae and facial arc separated, the termini of the facial arc extend laterally beyond the termini of the frontal carinae (termini of facial arc join frontal carinae in - + O. ascrobis -, +, -O. ascrobicula +O. ascrobicula ); facial arc strongly elevated and continuous to juncture with antennal socket, lateral portions of facial arc as strong as frontal carinae (facial arc weaker, lateral portions weaker than frontal carinae in - + O. convallis -, O. convallisur +, O. convallisur ); promesonotum with differentiated anterior and dorsal faces (evenly convex in - + O. convallis -, O. convallisur +, O. convallisur ). - - + + Description. Worker. HW 0.63, HL 0.59, WL 0.65, CI 106 (n=1). Labrum rectangular, formed of strap-like lateral portions joined by a thin translucent lamella (Fig. 1H); mandibles closed on available specimen, but appear generally similar to -O. convallis +O. convallis ; dorsal surface of mandible roughened, microfoveolate; scape flattened, with pronounced anterobasal lobe, dorsal surface smooth and shining; clypeus strongly emarginate anteriorly, smooth and shining; frontal carinae sharp, narrow, extending more or less straight back and ending before reaching transverse facial arc; facial arc strongly developed, forming continuous carina that curves forward to join posterior margin of antennal socket, with distinct trough between frontal carina and lateral facial arc; frontal carinae and facial arc delimit anterior face that is shiny, with distinct median longitudinal ruga and faint rugulae laterally, face immediately anterior to facial arc smooth, concave; compound eye small, circular, composed of 4-5 somewhat confluent ommatidia; side of head near compound eye and vertex posterior to facial arc smooth and shiny, with distinct, sparse, uniformly distributed -puncta +puncta ; antennal scrobe below eye, very shallow and not delimited with carina or flange; scrobe surface shiny, punctate; side of head posterior to scrobe completely smooth and shiny, with no -puncta +puncta ; undersurface of head rugose. - + Promesonotum somewhat flat-topped, with distinct anterior face rounding into horizontal dorsal face; metanotal groove not impressed; propodeum with a single, concave, sloping surface, not differentiated into dorsal and posterior faces; propodeal spines acute, extending anteriorly as raised carinae that curve medially and join at the metanotal groove, extending ventrally as narrow lamellae, thus posterodorsal propodeum entirely delimited by raised carinae confluent with propodeal spines; a low carina extends transversely across posterodorsal surface, between bases of propodeal spines; propodeal spiracle large, located immediately below propodeal spine and abutting posterior margin; lateral, anterior, and dorsal pronotum smooth and shining with sparse -puncta +puncta ; mesonotum with denser -puncta +puncta , sculpture differentiated from dorsal pronotum; posterodorsal face of propodeum shallowly foveolate; mesopleuron confluent with side of propodeum, shining, with smooth patches and feeble minute -puncta +puncta and rugulae. - + Petiole in profile with peduncle not differentiated from node, anterior surface sloping evenly from petiolar foramen to node, dorsal face of node sloping posteriorly to projecting transverse cuticular rim, short concave posterior face beneath rim; anteroventral margin with denticle; dorsal face of node faintly foveolate/punctate; postpetiole low, broad, crescent-shaped in dorsal view, dorsal face densely punctate, delimited anteriorly and posteriorly by thin transverse rim; first gastral tergite densely punctate, -puncta +puncta becoming smaller posteriorly; first gastral sternite punctate with smooth and shining interspaces, -puncta +puncta larger than on tergite. -Labrum fringed on sides and apex with soft translucent thick setae; each larger mandibular tooth with prominent fully appressed seta; anterior margin of scape with 7 stiff filiform (not clavate) setae, basalmost seta the longest, on apex of anterobasal lobe (lacking a shorter seta proximal to this one, on inner side of lobe); clypeus and face devoid of ground pilosity; face, dorsal mesosoma, petiole and postpetiole lacking erect setae; mesotibia with short, thin, sparse, decumbent ground pilosity, a single large filiform seta and several thin shorter erect setae at apex; mesobasitarsus with several pairs thin, erect setae, apical pair longest; first gastral tergite with 3 stiff filiform setae on posterior margin, following exposed tergites each with row of setae; ground pilosity of first gastral tergite sparse, fully appressed, length of setae subequal to distance between them; first gastral sternite with sparse, thin but stiff erect setae over much of surface except narrow area near postpetiolar insertion. -Color red brown. -The queen is unknown. +Labrum fringed on sides and apex with soft translucent thick setae; each larger mandibular tooth with prominent fully appressed seta; anterior margin of scape with 7 stiff filiform (not clavate) setae, basalmost seta the longest, on apex of anterobasal lobe (lacking a shorter seta proximal to this one, on inner side of lobe); clypeus and face devoid of ground pilosity; face, dorsal mesosoma, petiole and postpetiole lacking erect setae; mesotibia with short, thin, sparse, decumbent ground pilosity, a single large filiform seta and several thin shorter erect setae at apex; mesobasitarsus with several pairs thin, erect setae, apical pair longest; first gastral tergite with 3 stiff filiform setae on posterior margin, following exposed tergites each with row of setae; ground pilosity of first gastral tergite sparse, fully appressed, length of setae subequal to distance between them; first gastral sternite with sparse, thin but stiff erect setae over much of surface except narrow area near postpetiolar insertion. +Color red brown. +The queen is unknown. - -Biology. The holotype was collected at a cloud forest site in western Panama, in a Berlese sample of forest floor leaf litter. + +Biology. The holotype was collected at a cloud forest site in western Panama, in a Berlese sample of forest floor leaf litter. - - + + Etymology. The -name +name refers to the strong facial arc. It is a noun in apposition and thus invariant. diff --git a/data/F0/A5/9E/F0A59E895E2BB347E37EBB83514097DE.xml b/data/F0/A5/9E/F0A59E895E2BB347E37EBB83514097DE.xml index 7e945add9b6..50e748a70e1 100644 --- a/data/F0/A5/9E/F0A59E895E2BB347E37EBB83514097DE.xml +++ b/data/F0/A5/9E/F0A59E895E2BB347E37EBB83514097DE.xml @@ -1,69 +1,68 @@ - - - -A revision of the ant genus Octostruma Forel 1912 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) + + + +A revision of the ant genus Octostruma Forel 1912 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) - - -Author + + +Author -Longino, John T +Longino, John T -text - - -Zootaxa +text + + +Zootaxa - -2013 - -3699 + +2013 + +3699 - -1 -61 + +1 +61 -journal article -27552 -10.11646/zootaxa.3699.1.1 -65A19D30-8E7A-4073-B92B-9709F8384752 +journal article +27552 +10.11646/zootaxa.3699.1.1 - - - -Octostruma stenoscapa Palacio + + + +Octostruma stenoscapa Palacio , 1997 - -(Fig 44) + +(Fig 44) - - -Octostruma stenoscapa Palacio + + +Octostruma stenoscapa Palacio 1997: 414, figs. 2D-F. Holotype worker: Colombia, Meta: Parque Nacional Natural La Macarena, La Curia, 580 m, 1987 (L. Schneider) [ICN, ICN-MHN-HY-3580] (not examined). - -Geographic range. Panama, Colombia, Ecuador. + +Geographic range. Panama, Colombia, Ecuador. - -Description. Worker. Supplemental measurements to those reported in Palacio (1997): HW 0.50-0.56, HL 0.52-0.58, WL 0.59-0.69, CI 95-100 (n=4). + +Description. Worker. Supplemental measurements to those reported in Palacio (1997): HW 0.50-0.56, HL 0.52-0.58, WL 0.59-0.69, CI 95-100 (n=4). - - -Biology + + +Biology . This species is now known from a range of habitats from central Panama to Ecuador. It has been collected in lowland rainforest, second growth forest, and cloud forest. Elevations range from near sea level to 1600 m. - - + + Comments. This highly distinctive species has mandibles like -Basiceros +Basiceros , unlike any other -Octostruma +Octostruma species. diff --git a/data/F4/3F/F7/F43FF71F59FC2FCE014CF0D08C43B6CB.xml b/data/F4/3F/F7/F43FF71F59FC2FCE014CF0D08C43B6CB.xml index 5d4f6a0c0d6..108dd0b4a0d 100644 --- a/data/F4/3F/F7/F43FF71F59FC2FCE014CF0D08C43B6CB.xml +++ b/data/F4/3F/F7/F43FF71F59FC2FCE014CF0D08C43B6CB.xml @@ -1,130 +1,129 @@ - - - -A revision of the ant genus Octostruma Forel 1912 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) + + + +A revision of the ant genus Octostruma Forel 1912 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) - - -Author + + +Author -Longino, John T +Longino, John T -text - - -Zootaxa +text + + +Zootaxa - -2013 - -3699 + +2013 + +3699 - -1 -61 + +1 +61 -journal article -27552 -10.11646/zootaxa.3699.1.1 -65A19D30-8E7A-4073-B92B-9709F8384752 +journal article +27552 +10.11646/zootaxa.3699.1.1 - - - - + + + + Octostruma triangulabrum -Longino +Longino , -sp. nov. +sp. nov. - -(Figs 1A, 3A, 5J, 38, 43) + +(Figs 1A, 3A, 5J, 38, 43) - - + + Type material. Holotype worker: MEXICO, Chiapas: Naha, 16.96291, -91.59335, -+/- ++/- 2 km, 950 m, 10 Jun 2008, mesophil forest, ex sifted leaf litter (LLAMA, Wm-A-07-all) [CAS, unique specimen identifier CASENT0608768]. Paratype workers: same data [JTLC, CASENT0608761]; same data except 16.97417, - 91.58592, -+/- ++/- 50 m, 950 m, 14 Jul 2007 (J. Longino#6047-s) [ECOSCE, JTLC000009758; USNM, JTLC000009759]; 16.97417, -91.58592, -+/- ++/- 50 m, 950 m, 14 Jul 2007 (R. S. Anderson#2007-013) [MCZC, CASENT0602034]; 16.96313, -91.59337, -+/- ++/- 50 m, 985 m, 8 Jun 2008 (LLAMA, Wa-A-07-1-06) [MZSP, CASENT0627348; UCDC, JTLC000014462]; 16.96318, -91.59337, -+/- ++/- 50 m, 985 m, 8 Jun 2008 (LLAMA, Wa-A- 07-1-07) [UVGC, CASENT0627349; CAS, CASENT0627350]; 16.94866, -91.59392, -+/- ++/- 50 m, 930 m, 8 Jun 2008 (LLAMA, Wa-A-07-2-08) [CAS, JTLC000014488]. - -Geographic range. Mexico (Chiapas). + +Geographic range. Mexico (Chiapas). - - + + Diagnosis. With the characters of -O. wheeleri +O. wheeleri and -O. triquetrilabrum +O. triquetrilabrum . Differing from -O. wheeleri +O. wheeleri in the presence of 8-12 spatulate setae on face (6 on -O. wheeleri +O. wheeleri ) and shallow reticulate rugulose sculpture on face and dorsal pronotum (nearly smooth on -O. wheeleri +O. wheeleri ). Differing from both species in a pair of spatulate setae on the mesonotum (lacking in -O. wheeleri +O. wheeleri and -O. triquetrilabrum +O. triquetrilabrum ). - -Description. Worker. HW 0.73-0.78, HL 0.68-0.73, WL 0.82-0.89, CI 106-109 (n=5). Labrum as in Fig. 1A, sides straight, strap-like lateral portions converging from base to apex, fused apically (not bilobed, at most with minute notch apically), joined medially by thin translucent cuticle; mandible triangular, in profile view with mandible closed, in same plane as clypeus, apex of mandible not down-turned; mandible with 8 teeth (Fig. 3A), basal rim of dorsal surface slightly offset from base of tooth 1, forming small denticle, teeth 1-5 acute, similar in shape, teeth 5-8 forming an apical fork, with 5 and 8 large, 6 and 7 small partially confluent denticles; dorsal surface of mandible roughened; ventral surface flat and parallel to clypeus apically, twisting basally to nearly perpendicular orientation basally, smooth and shining; interior surface concave, smooth and shining; scape flattened, with pronounced anterobasal lobe, dorsal surface roughened, dull; clypeus with broad, shallow emargination anteriorly; clypeus and face shallowly, irregularly rugulose, generally matte, tops of face rugulae sublucid; frontal carinae faint, nearly obsolete; antennal socket deep, dorsal rim of socket continuous with pronounced dorsal margin of antennal scrobe; antennal scrobe deep, strongly delimited dorsally, posteriorly, and ventrally with sharply defined thin cuticular rim; compound eye small, circular, composed of about 7 ommatidia; distinct carina extends from ventral margin of antennal socket across floor of scrobe to compound eye; scrobe floor faintly foveolate, matte; vertex margin anterior to occipital carina smooth, sublucid (top of head, not visible in face view); occipital carina extends anteriorly on ventral surface of head to level of compound eye; undersurface coarsely rugose. -Promesonotum moderately convex in profile, promesonotal suture not impressed, promesonotum with broad, weak, longitudinal impression; metanotal groove not impressed; propodeum with distinct dorsal and posterior faces; dorsal face weakly convex; propodeal spines well-developed, in the form of acute flattened perpendicular plates, extending ventrally as thin carinae; single well-defined transverse carina extends between propodeal spines, separating dorsal and posterior faces of propodeum; propodeal spiracle medium-size, diameter less than width of base of propodeal spine, located below propodeal spine and abutting to somewhat separated from posterior margin; all surfaces of mesosoma matte except posterior face of propodeum, which is shiny; dorsum of promesonotum irregularly shallowly rugulose laterally, smooth medially, dorsal and posterior face of propodeum smooth, lateral pronotum smooth; meso- metapleuron and side of propodeum confluent, smooth. - + +Description. Worker. HW 0.73-0.78, HL 0.68-0.73, WL 0.82-0.89, CI 106-109 (n=5). Labrum as in Fig. 1A, sides straight, strap-like lateral portions converging from base to apex, fused apically (not bilobed, at most with minute notch apically), joined medially by thin translucent cuticle; mandible triangular, in profile view with mandible closed, in same plane as clypeus, apex of mandible not down-turned; mandible with 8 teeth (Fig. 3A), basal rim of dorsal surface slightly offset from base of tooth 1, forming small denticle, teeth 1-5 acute, similar in shape, teeth 5-8 forming an apical fork, with 5 and 8 large, 6 and 7 small partially confluent denticles; dorsal surface of mandible roughened; ventral surface flat and parallel to clypeus apically, twisting basally to nearly perpendicular orientation basally, smooth and shining; interior surface concave, smooth and shining; scape flattened, with pronounced anterobasal lobe, dorsal surface roughened, dull; clypeus with broad, shallow emargination anteriorly; clypeus and face shallowly, irregularly rugulose, generally matte, tops of face rugulae sublucid; frontal carinae faint, nearly obsolete; antennal socket deep, dorsal rim of socket continuous with pronounced dorsal margin of antennal scrobe; antennal scrobe deep, strongly delimited dorsally, posteriorly, and ventrally with sharply defined thin cuticular rim; compound eye small, circular, composed of about 7 ommatidia; distinct carina extends from ventral margin of antennal socket across floor of scrobe to compound eye; scrobe floor faintly foveolate, matte; vertex margin anterior to occipital carina smooth, sublucid (top of head, not visible in face view); occipital carina extends anteriorly on ventral surface of head to level of compound eye; undersurface coarsely rugose. +Promesonotum moderately convex in profile, promesonotal suture not impressed, promesonotum with broad, weak, longitudinal impression; metanotal groove not impressed; propodeum with distinct dorsal and posterior faces; dorsal face weakly convex; propodeal spines well-developed, in the form of acute flattened perpendicular plates, extending ventrally as thin carinae; single well-defined transverse carina extends between propodeal spines, separating dorsal and posterior faces of propodeum; propodeal spiracle medium-size, diameter less than width of base of propodeal spine, located below propodeal spine and abutting to somewhat separated from posterior margin; all surfaces of mesosoma matte except posterior face of propodeum, which is shiny; dorsum of promesonotum irregularly shallowly rugulose laterally, smooth medially, dorsal and posterior face of propodeum smooth, lateral pronotum smooth; meso- metapleuron and side of propodeum confluent, smooth. + Petiole in profile with peduncle differentiated from node, node with differentiated anterior face; node subquadrate to triangular, with long sloping dorsal face, posterior face short to absent; anteroventral margin with acute to peg-like tooth; postpetiole low, broad, crescent-shaped in dorsal view; dorsum of petiolar node and -postpetiole +postpetiole shallowly rugulose, matte; first gastral tergite densely punctate, tergal -puncta +puncta smaller posteriorly, interspaces sublucid; first gastral sternite smooth, matte anteromedially, punctate posteriorly. -Anterior labral lobe with radiating tuft of soft, thick, translucent, capitate setae of unequal length projecting from apex (like Fig. 2); each larger mandibular tooth with fully appressed seta running length of tooth; anterior margin of scape with about 8 stiff clavate setae; clypeus and face with fine, sparse fully appressed ground pilosity; face typically with 10 erect clavate setae arranged as in Fig. 5J; pronotum lacking erect setae; mesonotum with a pair of erect clavate setae; mesotibia with about 5 clavate seta of variable length at apex; petiole, postpetiole, first gastral tergite lacking erect setae; ground pilosity of first gastral tergite short, sparse, fully appressed; first gastral sternite with abundant clavate setae clustered on posterior half, anterior half devoid of setae. -Color dark red brown. -The queen is unknown. +Anterior labral lobe with radiating tuft of soft, thick, translucent, capitate setae of unequal length projecting from apex (like Fig. 2); each larger mandibular tooth with fully appressed seta running length of tooth; anterior margin of scape with about 8 stiff clavate setae; clypeus and face with fine, sparse fully appressed ground pilosity; face typically with 10 erect clavate setae arranged as in Fig. 5J; pronotum lacking erect setae; mesonotum with a pair of erect clavate setae; mesotibia with about 5 clavate seta of variable length at apex; petiole, postpetiole, first gastral tergite lacking erect setae; ground pilosity of first gastral tergite short, sparse, fully appressed; first gastral sternite with abundant clavate setae clustered on posterior half, anterior half devoid of setae. +Color dark red brown. +The queen is unknown. - - + + Biology. -Octostruma triangulabrum +Octostruma triangulabrum occurs in montane wet forest habitats, in both mesophyl cloud forest and wet pine-oak forests, throughout the central Chiapas highlands. It occurs from 900-2750 m elevation and can be moderately abundant (up to 13% of 1 m -2 +2 plot litter samples in quantitative sampling). It is only known from Winkler and Berlese samples of sifted leaf litter. - - + + Comments. This species and Costa Rica's -O. triquetrilabrum +O. triquetrilabrum are extremely similar allopatric forms, differing only in the presence or absence of mesonotal setae. Intensive sampling of the litter fauna in cloud forest sites in Nicaragua, Honduras, and Guatemala has failed to reveal additional populations. Both together are quite similar to the lowland -O. wheeleri +O. wheeleri . -Octostruma triangulabrum +Octostruma triangulabrum is sharply parapatric with -O. wheeleri +O. wheeleri (see Comments under -O. wheeleri +O. wheeleri ). - - + + Etymology. The -name +name refers to the triangular labrum that is not bilobed at the apex. It is a noun in apposition and thus invariant. diff --git a/data/FA/C4/6D/FAC46D1C50EE6DA16E91532F2AC2D0BE.xml b/data/FA/C4/6D/FAC46D1C50EE6DA16E91532F2AC2D0BE.xml index 0342b924626..9cf396a690f 100644 --- a/data/FA/C4/6D/FAC46D1C50EE6DA16E91532F2AC2D0BE.xml +++ b/data/FA/C4/6D/FAC46D1C50EE6DA16E91532F2AC2D0BE.xml @@ -1,101 +1,100 @@ - - - -A revision of the ant genus Octostruma Forel 1912 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) + + + +A revision of the ant genus Octostruma Forel 1912 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) - - -Author + + +Author -Longino, John T +Longino, John T -text - - -Zootaxa +text + + +Zootaxa - -2013 - -3699 + +2013 + +3699 - -1 -61 + +1 +61 -journal article -27552 -10.11646/zootaxa.3699.1.1 -65A19D30-8E7A-4073-B92B-9709F8384752 +journal article +27552 +10.11646/zootaxa.3699.1.1 - - - - + + + + Octostruma obtusidens -Longino +Longino , -sp. nov. +sp. nov. - -(Figs 1F, 3E, 4, 5F, 10B, 12A, 14E, 33, 43) + +(Figs 1F, 3E, 4, 5F, 10B, 12A, 14E, 33, 43) - - + + Type material. Holotype worker: COSTA RICA, Heredia: La Selva Biological Station, 10.43333, -84.01667, -+/- ++/- 2 km, 50 m, 16 Mar 1993, wet forest, nest under dead wood (J. Longino#3390) [INBC, unique specimen identifier CASENT0629827]. Paratype workers, queen: same data [CAS, CASENT0627385; CAS, CASENT0629813; USNM, CASENT0629814; MCZC, CASENT0629815; MZSP, CASENT0629816; UVGC, CASENT0629817; EAPZ, CASENT0629818; ECOSCE, CASENT0629819; UCDC, CASENT0629820; CAS, CASENT0629821; CAS, CASENT0629822; CAS, CASENT0629823; CAS, CASENT0629824; CAS, CASENT0629825; JTLC, CASENT0629826]. - -Geographic range. Guatemala to Colombia. + +Geographic range. Guatemala to Colombia. - - + + Diagnosis. Face lacking transverse arcuate carina; basal five teeth of mandible bluntly rounded (Fig. 3E); face sculpture foveolate with at most faint longitudinal rugulae (longitudinally rugose on -O. excertirugis +O. excertirugis ); ground pilosity curved, projecting from surface; first gastral tergite punctate over entire surface (punctate on anterior half, fading to nearly smooth and shining posteriorly on -O. excertirugis +O. excertirugis ). - - + + Description. Worker. HW 0.67-0.74, HL 0.62-0.64, WL 0.76-0.80, CI 104-116 (n=6). Labrum as in Fig. 1F, -wider +wider than long, strap-like lateral portions converging from base to near apex, joined by thin translucent cuticle medially but leaving distinctly bilobed apex, with distinct median notch; mandible triangular, in profile view with mandible closed, in same plane as clypeus, apex of mandible not down-turned; mandible with 8 teeth (Fig. 3E), tooth 1 continuous with basal rim of dorsal surface, teeth 1-5 bluntly rounded, similar in shape, a denticle between 4 and 5, teeth 6-7 smaller, not as blunt, tooth 8 long and acute; masticatory margin evenly curved, with no development of downturned apical fork; dorsal surface of mandible smooth and shining; ventral surface rounding into dorsal surface; scape flattened, with pronounced anterobasal lobe, dorsal surface roughened, microfoveolate; clypeus with broad, shallow emargination anteriorly; clypeal dorsum convex medially, clypeal suture impressed, forming shallow trough between clypeus and frons; clypeus and face densely foveolate, overlain with faint irregular rugulae; frontal carinae faint, nearly obsolete; antennal socket deep, dorsal rim of socket continuous with pronounced dorsal margin of antennal scrobe; antennal scrobe deep, pocket-like, strongly delimited dorsally, posteriorly, and ventrally with sharply defined laminar cuticular rim; compound eye small, circular, composed of about 7 ommatidia; feeble carina extends from ventral margin of antennal socket across floor of scrobe to compound eye; scrobe foveolate; occipital carina extends a short distance onto ventral surface of head, fading at level of compound eye; undersurface of head foveolate. -Promesonotum and dorsal face of propodeum forming an even convexity in profile, promesonotal suture not impressed, promesonotum with broad, weak, longitudinal impression; metanotal groove not impressed; propodeum with distinct dorsal and posterior faces meeting at a broadly obtuse angle; propodeal spines well-developed, acute, laterally flattened, internal surface concave, with dorsal margin of spine forming carina that curves medially but does not extend to midline, spine extending ventrally as thin infradental carina; irregular rugulae extend between propodeal spines, faint to absent medially, weakly separating dorsal and posterior faces of propodeum; propodeal spiracle large, diameter similar to width of base of propodeal spine, located below propodeal spine and abutting posterior margin; dorsum of promesonotum foveolate, overlain with weak rugulae; side of mesosoma and dorsal face of propodeum foveolate; posterior face of propodeum smooth, sublucid. -Petiole in profile with peduncle differentiated from node, node with differentiated anterior face; node subquadrate, with long sloping dorsal face and short vertical posterior face; anteroventral margin with pronounced, anteriorly-directed peg-like tooth; postpetiole low, broad, crescent-shaped in dorsal view; dorsum of petiolar node and postpetiole foveolate; first gastral tergite and sternite densely punctate. -Anterior labral lobe with radiating tuft of soft, thick, translucent, capitate setae of unequal length projecting from apex (like Fig. 2); each larger mandibular tooth with fully appressed seta running length of tooth; dorsal surface of scape, clypeus, face, promesonotal dorsum, legs, dorsal petiolar node, dorsal postpetiole, and first gastral tergite covered with conspicuous ground pilosity of small clavate setae that are strongly curved and projecting from the surface (not appressed), ground pilosity absent from side of mesosoma, dorsal and posterior propodeum; larger erect, brush-like spatulate setae conspicuous, anterior margin of scape with about 10, face with about 12 arranged as in Fig. 5F, promesonotum with 4, apex of mesotibia with 5, petiolar node with 2, postpetiole with 2, first gastral tergite with 16 evenly distributed on tergite, first gastral sternite with 15-20 smaller clavate setae, more clustered posteriorly and medially. -Color orange. -Queen. HW 0.72-0.78, HL 0.68-0.71, WL 0.96-0.99, CI 102-113 (n=3). Head shape as in Fig. 14E; mandible smooth and shiny; clypeus and face irregularly rugose, rugae somewhat longitudinally oriented on frons; antennal scrobe foveolate; ocelli distinct; compound eye large, multifaceted, about 12 ommatidia in longest row. -Mesosoma with queen-typical alar sclerites; anterior pronotum shallowly foveolate rugulose, lateral pronotum foveolate; mesoscutum and scutellum with weak foveolation overlain with prominent longitudinal rugulae; mesopleuron, metapleuron, and side of propodeum punctate; transverse mesopleural sulcus prominent, delimited above and below with a distinct carina; transverse metapleural sulcus delimited with an elliptical carina; dorsal face of propodeum foveolate rugulose, posterior face smooth; propodeal spines similar to worker; first gastral tergite and sternite punctate. -Ground pilosity thin and sparse, not clavate like worker; erect setae long and clavate, not spatulate and brush-like; face with about 22 erect setae, pronotum with 5-8, mesoscutum with 10-12, axilla with 1, scutellum with 2, metanotum with 2, petiolar node with 2, postpetiole with 6, first gastral tergite with 35-40. -Color orange to red orange, ocellar triangle darker brown. +Promesonotum and dorsal face of propodeum forming an even convexity in profile, promesonotal suture not impressed, promesonotum with broad, weak, longitudinal impression; metanotal groove not impressed; propodeum with distinct dorsal and posterior faces meeting at a broadly obtuse angle; propodeal spines well-developed, acute, laterally flattened, internal surface concave, with dorsal margin of spine forming carina that curves medially but does not extend to midline, spine extending ventrally as thin infradental carina; irregular rugulae extend between propodeal spines, faint to absent medially, weakly separating dorsal and posterior faces of propodeum; propodeal spiracle large, diameter similar to width of base of propodeal spine, located below propodeal spine and abutting posterior margin; dorsum of promesonotum foveolate, overlain with weak rugulae; side of mesosoma and dorsal face of propodeum foveolate; posterior face of propodeum smooth, sublucid. +Petiole in profile with peduncle differentiated from node, node with differentiated anterior face; node subquadrate, with long sloping dorsal face and short vertical posterior face; anteroventral margin with pronounced, anteriorly-directed peg-like tooth; postpetiole low, broad, crescent-shaped in dorsal view; dorsum of petiolar node and postpetiole foveolate; first gastral tergite and sternite densely punctate. +Anterior labral lobe with radiating tuft of soft, thick, translucent, capitate setae of unequal length projecting from apex (like Fig. 2); each larger mandibular tooth with fully appressed seta running length of tooth; dorsal surface of scape, clypeus, face, promesonotal dorsum, legs, dorsal petiolar node, dorsal postpetiole, and first gastral tergite covered with conspicuous ground pilosity of small clavate setae that are strongly curved and projecting from the surface (not appressed), ground pilosity absent from side of mesosoma, dorsal and posterior propodeum; larger erect, brush-like spatulate setae conspicuous, anterior margin of scape with about 10, face with about 12 arranged as in Fig. 5F, promesonotum with 4, apex of mesotibia with 5, petiolar node with 2, postpetiole with 2, first gastral tergite with 16 evenly distributed on tergite, first gastral sternite with 15-20 smaller clavate setae, more clustered posteriorly and medially. +Color orange. +Queen. HW 0.72-0.78, HL 0.68-0.71, WL 0.96-0.99, CI 102-113 (n=3). Head shape as in Fig. 14E; mandible smooth and shiny; clypeus and face irregularly rugose, rugae somewhat longitudinally oriented on frons; antennal scrobe foveolate; ocelli distinct; compound eye large, multifaceted, about 12 ommatidia in longest row. +Mesosoma with queen-typical alar sclerites; anterior pronotum shallowly foveolate rugulose, lateral pronotum foveolate; mesoscutum and scutellum with weak foveolation overlain with prominent longitudinal rugulae; mesopleuron, metapleuron, and side of propodeum punctate; transverse mesopleural sulcus prominent, delimited above and below with a distinct carina; transverse metapleural sulcus delimited with an elliptical carina; dorsal face of propodeum foveolate rugulose, posterior face smooth; propodeal spines similar to worker; first gastral tergite and sternite punctate. +Ground pilosity thin and sparse, not clavate like worker; erect setae long and clavate, not spatulate and brush-like; face with about 22 erect setae, pronotum with 5-8, mesoscutum with 10-12, axilla with 1, scutellum with 2, metanotum with 2, petiolar node with 2, postpetiole with 6, first gastral tergite with 35-40. +Color orange to red orange, ocellar triangle darker brown. - - + + Biology. -Octostruma obtusidens +Octostruma obtusidens is a moderately abundant lowland species. All Central American records are -from +from sea level to 800 m. It occurs in mature to highly disturbed rainforest and in seasonal moist forest. Most collections are from Berlese and Winkler samples of sifted litter and rotten wood from the forest floor. In quantitative 1 m -2 +2 litter plot samples, it can occur in up to 11% of samples. Dealate queens are occasionally found together with workers in litter samples. One nest was observed at La Selva Biological Station in Costa Rica. A colony occurred in a 2-3 cm diameter nest in a soil cavity beneath a rotting palm trunk. The colony was polygynous, with at least 4 dealate queens. The nest contained an egg of Phasmatodea. - -Comments. All examined material is from Central America with the exception of a single worker from MCZC, labeled simply "Bogota, Luis Maria Murillo." It does not differ in any substantial way from Central American material. + +Comments. All examined material is from Central America with the exception of a single worker from MCZC, labeled simply "Bogota, Luis Maria Murillo." It does not differ in any substantial way from Central American material. - - + + Etymology. The -name +name refers to the blunt teeth on the mandible. It is a noun in apposition and thus invariant.