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<document id="3287BD452F0E2E3293D770CA22BFB9C4" ID-DOI="10.1206/0003-0082(2007)3574[1:JAENGO]2.0.CO;2" ID-ISSN="0003-0082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5387959" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="valdenar" checkinTime="1630306478833" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="MASNER, LUBOMÍR &amp; JOHNSON, NORMAN F." docDate="2007" docId="0385317C912CDE51DAC7FE0DFC21FD93" docLanguage="en" docName="N3574.pdf" docOrigin="American Museum Novitates 3574" docSource="http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1206/0003-0082%282007%293574%5B1%3AJAENGO%5D2.0.CO%3B2" docStyle="DocumentStyle:70DDF1BDF6846024993F05262BAE3001.4:AmMusNovit.2000-2010.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="70DDF1BDF6846024993F05262BAE3001" docStyleName="AmMusNovit.2000-2010.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Janzenella innupta Masner and Johnson 2007, new genus and species" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="6" masterDocId="FFBC4904912DDE54D873FFC7FFE7FF82" masterDocTitle="Janzenella, an Enigmatic New Genus of Scelionid Wasp from Costa Rica (Hymenoptera: Platygastroidea, Scelionidae)" masterLastPageNumber="8" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="2" updateTime="1729705367697" updateUser="valdenar" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
<mods:mods id="716D632234A1990418C1E0DFAF569704" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:title id="2253D453D783227518F30A6243CD6C83">Janzenella, an Enigmatic New Genus of Scelionid Wasp from Costa Rica (Hymenoptera: Platygastroidea, Scelionidae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:namePart id="0286CD576980D06222E2571D555D1CA2">MASNER, LUBOMÍR</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
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<mods:namePart id="3A83FB6EF07CD9D8B0B048D7F57E2937">JOHNSON, NORMAN F.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="03158DF73102C65B83B44C0AA05126BE">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="FCB8D28D64F1FC0F5F063246F4589764" type="host">
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<mods:title id="87E47C64A86FB515925832E59BE77C51">American Museum Novitates</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="245B2D253ED8EDE328AA60B0DD821DDD">
<mods:date id="F95CBA351D9230643E48A07CF0D6E66C">2007</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="2A9EDD6A8503914954400856C7A4078E" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="79C2F379281D9E5F46828EADABFFD573">2007-06-28</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="92D7DD269125ED1EC77F99A816672558" type="volume">
<mods:number id="2B33AE75643BCF5CA60FDA5C53D890AF">3574</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="2FDEAA446D4FE8B9424E08AACAB23365">1</mods:start>
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<mods:url id="2D717DFC4410082B4DE6FB13135D1480">http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1206/0003-0082%282007%293574%5B1%3AJAENGO%5D2.0.CO%3B2</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification id="F6CACA948E0D8F96E61D366D294C8F04">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="875542F23D5B372435F195A81325131A" type="DOI">10.1206/0003-0082(2007)3574[1:JAENGO]2.0.CO;2</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="B3979ADF742A4EAC7F0C876D08DB3E6D" type="ISSN">0003-0082</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="8C653113D81A85DB25A4AC0C579AD984" type="Zenodo-Dep">5387959</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="0385317C912CDE51DAC7FE0DFC21FD93" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0385317C912CDE51DAC7FE0DFC21FD93" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0385317C912CDE51DAC7FE0DFC21FD93" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<subSubSection id="C336D3E1912CDE55DAC7FE0DFC3CFD9F" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B93806A912CDE55DAC7FE0DFC3CFD9F" blockId="1.[692,1157,458,541]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<taxonomicName id="4C2CFBE9912CDE55DAC7FE0DFB66FE60" ID-CoL="3QLPJ" authority="Masner and Johnson" authorityName="Masner and Johnson" authorityYear="2007" box="[692,1153,458,482]" class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Janzenella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="innupta" status="new genus and species">
<emphasis id="B9585C78912CDE55DAC7FE0DFC64FE60" bold="true" box="[692,899,458,482]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Janzenella innupta</emphasis>
Masner and Johnson
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26BE103912CDE55DB6FFE2FFBFAFD82" box="[796,1053,488,512]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" rank="species">new genus and species</taxonomicNameLabel>
figures 1–7
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C336D3E1912CDE57DAC3FD86FB43FBEA" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B93806A912CDE55DAC3FD86FB88FCC7" blockId="1.[662,1188,577,1754]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
DESCRIPTION:
<typeStatus id="54973EC8912CDE55DB2DFD86FC2EFDDB" box="[862,969,577,601]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
female: small, elongate (figs. 1, 2), length 1.3 mm; body strongly depressed (figs. 1, 3), with relatively short legs, antenna; head and body dark brown, above base of mandibles with small whitish spot; radicle, A1, underside of A2–A7 yellow, antenna otherwise brown; legs including all coxa generally yellow, hind femur brownish yellow medially; macropterous.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B93806A912CDE56DAC3FC8BFCABF91C" blockId="1.[662,1188,577,1754]" lastBlockId="2.[701,1228,1611,1754]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Head transverse in dorsal view, width 1.5 times length, strongly narrowed medially; hyperoccipital carina absent (fig. 4); occipital carina absent; vertex with fine coriaceous microsculpture; lateral ocellus separated from inner orbit by more than one ocellar diameter; compound eye relatively small, with numerous short setae; head in frontal view (fig. 5) wider than high, height 0.8 times width; frons largely flat to weakly convex, smooth, nearly glabrous medially; interantennal process absent, torulus large, opening forward, lower rim of torulus nearly reaching oral cavity; submedian carina absent; orbital carina absent; lower frons strongly reflexed ventrally, without fanlike striae; interorbital space broad, 1.5 times eye height; inner orbits rounded, diverging dorsally and ventrally; clypeus very small, triangular, not differentiated into postclypeus, anteclypeus; malar space very long, 0.8 times eye height; malar sulcus absent; gena short, dropping off abruptly to posterior surface of head; labrum not visible externally; mandible short, robust, tridentate, teeth subequal in size, arrayed vertically; maxillary palpus 2- segmented, all segments cylindrical; labial palpus 1-segmented; hypostomal bridge on head without median longitudinal line of fusion (fig. 6), completely flat; antenna 11- merous; radicle inserted apically into A1, nearly parallel to longitudinal axis of A1; A1 short, strongly widened in apical half, apex excavate for reception of flagellum; A3 distinctly shorter than A2; A3–A5 globular; apical 4 antennomeres expanded into semiabrupt clava in female; gustatory sensilla on female antenna arranged in longitudinal pairs on apical antennomeres; claval formula A8– A11 2-2-2-1.</paragraph>
<caption id="DF53D0E2912FDE56D8E4FA16FD27F99E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5387961" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5387961" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5387961/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" startId="2.[151,198,1489,1511]" targetBox="[128,1227,211,1456]" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph id="8B93806A912FDE56D8E4FA16FD27F99E" blockId="2.[128,1227,1489,1564]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
Figs. 1–6.
<taxonomicName id="4C2CFBE9912FDE56D965FA15FE35FA65" authority="MASNER &amp; JOHNSON, 2007" authorityName="MASNER &amp; JOHNSON" authorityYear="2007" box="[278,466,1490,1511]" class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Janzenella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="innupta" status="n. gen. et sp.">
<emphasis id="B9585C78912FDE56D965FA15FE35FA65" box="[278,466,1490,1511]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Janzenella innupta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26BE103912FDE56D990FA16FD97FA65" box="[483,624,1489,1511]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rank="species">n. gen. et sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, paratype female. (OSUC 167372);
<emphasis id="B9585C78912FDE56DB9EFA16FC18FA65" bold="true" box="[1005,1023,1489,1511]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">1,</emphasis>
Lateral habitus.
<emphasis id="B9585C78912FDE56DCCAFA16FB2CFA65" bold="true" box="[1209,1227,1489,1511]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">2,</emphasis>
Dorsal habitus.
<emphasis id="B9585C78912FDE56D956FA2BFED6F980" bold="true" box="[293,305,1516,1538]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">3</emphasis>
, Head and mesosoma, lateral view.
<emphasis id="B9585C78912FDE56DAD4FA2BFD54F980" bold="true" box="[679,691,1516,1538]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">4</emphasis>
, Head and mesosoma, dorsal view.
<emphasis id="B9585C78912FDE56DC54FA2BFBD4F980" bold="true" box="[1063,1075,1516,1538]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">5</emphasis>
, Head, frontal view.
<emphasis id="B9585C78912FDE56D8CFF9C1FF2FF99E" bold="true" box="[188,200,1542,1564]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">6</emphasis>
, Head, posterior view. Scale bars in millimeters.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B93806A912FDE57DAABF963FCD9FD09" blockId="2.[701,1228,1611,1754]" lastBlockId="3.[662,1188,211,1754]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
Mesosoma strongly depressed (figs. 1, 3), in dorsal view longer than wide (fig. 4), in lateral view distinctly longer than high; pronotum in dorsal view narrowed laterally, subparallel to outline of mesoscutum, anterolateral corners rounded, anterior face extended forward into necklike elongation, finely coriaceous; transverse pronotal carina absent; vertical epomial carina absent; horizontal epomial carina present; lateral face of pronotum largely flat to weakly concave, without scrobe for reception of foreleg, surface shallowly reticulate, anterior margin very finely foveolate; netrion absent; anterior margin of mesoscutum meeting pronotum dorsally; mesoscutum (fig. 4) semioval in outline, longer than wide; admedian lines absent; parapsidal lines absent; notauli absent; skaphion absent; transscutal articulation well developed, simple; scutellum wider than long, unarmed, nearly flat; axilla reduced to lateral pit; metanotum extremely narrow, striplike, dorsellum not differentiated; dorsal surface of propodeum glabrous; keels, plicae of propodeum not developed; propodeum medially with irregular longitudinal line of punctures, punctures continuing along posterior margin around propodeal orifice and along lateral margins; mesopleural depression absent; mesopleural carina absent; sternaulus absent; mesopleural pit present, shallow; acetabular carina fine, anterior margin of ventral portion of mesepisternum straight, not projecting between fore coxae; posterior margin of mesopleuron with complete line of foveolae extending from base of forewing to mid coxa; episternal foveae absent; dorsal corner of mesepimeron angulate; anteroventral portion of metapleuron rounded, not separated from lateral face by carina, glabrous; metapleural pit not apparent; posterior margin of metapleuron rounded; metapleuron above hind coxa reticulate, otherwise smooth; metapleuron separated from propodeum dorsally by deep longitudinal groove; lateral propodeum without longitudinal carinae, relatively coarsely reticulate, glabrous posterolateral corner not at all produced posteriorly, posterior margin broadly rounded; legs relatively short, slender, only hind femur somewhat enlarged; posterior surface of hind coxa smooth; trochantellus present on hindleg; outer surface of fore-, mid tibia without spines; tibial spur formula 1-1-2; tarsal formula 5-5-5; tarsomeres tapering in width apically; pretarsal claws simple; forewing (fig. 7) extending to apex of metasoma, hyaline; R fairly straight, extending through basal 0.4 of length of forewing, bifurcating apically, R extending to costal margin, with 4 fine bristles arising along its length; bulla absent; R
<subScript id="17A8822F912EDE57DB72FE57FCECFE22" attach="left" box="[769,779,400,416]" fontSize="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">1</subScript>
absent or extremely short, therefore without postmarginal vein; r-rs (stigmal vein) extremely short, only slightly longer than length of R beyond bifurcation, reflexed basally; no other tracheate veins in forewing; no nebulous veins indicated; hindwing with R very short; no strong dark bristles on R; 2–3 hamuli present; marginal cilia about half width of wing.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B93806A912EDE57DAC3FD56FB43FBEA" blockId="3.[662,1188,211,1754]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Metasoma (fig. 2) weakly sclerotized, loosely articulated, depressed; T1–T3 subequal in length; 7 terga, 6 sterna visible externally; laterotergites extremely wide, no submarginal ridge present; laterosternites absent; no spiracles visible; anterior margin of segment 1 without anterior carina, T1 and S1 rounded and prolonged anteriorly into short neck that inserts into propodeal orifice; sutures between all segments simple, terga and sterna broadly overlapping; T7 without median raised field of microsetae or secretion, with short lateral apodemes arising from base; anterior margin of S2 straight; narrow sublateral felt fields absent; S7 deeply emarginate apically, with paired lateroventral apodemes; cercus peglike.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C336D3E1912EDE57DAC3FBA9FB67F9A4" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8B93806A912EDE57DAC3FBA9FB67F9A4" blockId="3.[662,1188,211,1754]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
DIAGNOSIS: Similar in habitus and in the possession of wide laterotergites to the genera
<taxonomicName id="4C2CFBE9912EDE57DAE5FB6DFC4AFB43" authority="Ashmead" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1893" box="[662,941,1193,1218]" class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Aradophagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9585C78912EDE57DAE5FB6DFCCFFB40" box="[662,808,1194,1218]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Aradophagus</emphasis>
Ashmead
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C2CFBE9912EDE57DC7FFB6DFC98FB5D" authority="Gahan" authorityName="Gahan" class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Eumicrosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9585C78912EDE57DC7FFB6DFB44FB40" box="[1036,1187,1194,1218]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Eumicrosoma</emphasis>
Gahan (Scelionidae)
</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C2CFBE9912EDE57DBFAFB00FC1BFB5D" authorityName="MASNER &amp; JOHNSON" authorityYear="2007" box="[905,1020,1223,1247]" class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Janzenella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9585C78912EDE57DBFAFB00FC1BFB5D" box="[905,1020,1223,1247]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Janzenella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
may be distinguished from these by the very short marginal vein, the near absence of venation in the hindwing, the lack of a malar sulcus, the absence of a median longitudinal line of fusion on the postgenal bridge, 1-1-2 tibial spur formula, and the lack of a basal carina on T1. Additionally, all species of
<taxonomicName id="4C2CFBE9912EDE57DC60FA5FFB43FA32" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1893" box="[1043,1188,1432,1456]" class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Aradophagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9585C78912EDE57DC60FA5FFB43FA32" box="[1043,1188,1432,1456]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Aradophagus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have 12-segmented antennae; species of
<taxonomicName id="4C2CFBE9912EDE57DAE5FA14FCCBFA69" box="[662,812,1491,1515]" class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Eumicrosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9585C78912EDE57DAE5FA14FCCBFA69" box="[662,812,1491,1515]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Eumicrosoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have well-developed longitudinal plicae on the dorsal surface of the propodeum, and T2 is very distinctly the longest tergite.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C336D3E1912EDE57DAC3F9EAFD21F9E0" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="type_taxon">
<paragraph id="8B93806A912EDE57DAC3F9EAFD21F9E0" blockId="3.[662,1188,211,1754]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<typeStatus id="54973EC8912EDE57DAC3F9EAFD0FF9C1" box="[688,744,1581,1605]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">TYPE</typeStatus>
SPECIES:
<taxonomicName id="4C2CFBE9912EDE57DB10F9EAFBD5F9C7" authority="MASNER &amp; JOHNSON, 2007" authorityName="MASNER &amp; JOHNSON" authorityYear="2007" box="[867,1074,1581,1605]" class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Janzenella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="innupta" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9585C78912EDE57DB10F9EAFBD5F9C7" box="[867,1074,1581,1605]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Janzenella innupta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26BE103912EDE57DC32F9EAFD25F9E0" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C336D3E1912EDE50DAC3F9AEFE10FAB9" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8B93806A912EDE50DAC3F9AEFF5AFB0B" blockId="3.[662,1188,211,1754]" lastBlockId="4.[128,654,1019,1754]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
ETYMOLOGY: Named in honor of Dr. D. Janzen for his pioneering work in environmental biology and research in tropical countries, and who also collected many of the specimens. The specific epithet,
<taxonomicName id="4C2CFBE99129DE50DA47FC3CFD61FB91" authorityName="MASNER &amp; JOHNSON" authorityYear="2007" box="[564,646,1019,1043]" class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Janzenella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="innupta">
<emphasis id="B9585C789129DE50DA47FC3CFD61FB91" box="[564,646,1019,1043]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">innupta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, from the Latin meaning virgin, refers to the absence of males among the hundreds of specimens collected in Santa Rosa National Park.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF53D0E29129DE50D95FFCBBFBC7FC10" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5387963" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5387963" box="[300,1056,892,914]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5387963/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" startId="4.[300,338,892,914]" targetBox="[128,1230,210,860]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="8B93806A9129DE50D95FFCBBFBC7FC10" blockId="4.[300,1056,892,914]" box="[300,1056,892,914]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
Fig. 7.
<taxonomicName id="4C2CFBE99129DE50D9F4FCBBFDA6FC13" authority="MASNER &amp; JOHNSON, 2007" authorityName="MASNER &amp; JOHNSON" authorityYear="2007" box="[391,577,892,913]" class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Janzenella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="innupta" status="n. gen. et sp.">
<emphasis id="B9585C789129DE50D9F4FCBBFDA6FC13" box="[391,577,892,913]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Janzenella innupta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26BE1039129DE50DA3AFCBBFD28FC10" box="[585,719,892,914]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="species">n. gen. et sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Wings. Scale bar in millimeters.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B93806A9129DE50D8E9FB48FE10FAB9" blockId="4.[128,654,1019,1754]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION: One specimen in Dominican amber;
<collectingCountry id="F33BC0FA9129DE50D9FAFB6AFDF7FB47" box="[393,528,1197,1221]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
. No other individuals of
<taxonomicName id="4C2CFBE99129DE50D954FB0CFE70FB61" authorityName="MASNER &amp; JOHNSON" authorityYear="2007" box="[295,407,1227,1251]" class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Janzenella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="innupta">
<emphasis id="B9585C789129DE50D954FB0CFE70FB61" box="[295,407,1227,1251]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">J. innupta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have yet been found in literally thousands of samples we have examined from the Neotropics, including many other parts of
<collectingCountry id="F33BC0FA9129DE50D91CFAE4FE15FAB9" box="[367,498,1315,1339]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C336D3E19129DE50D8E9FA86FF5FF958" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B93806A9129DE50D8E9FA86FF5FF958" blockId="4.[128,654,1019,1754]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
MATERIAL EXAMINED:
<materialsCitation id="3B448A379129DE50D9CAFA86FE52FA30" collectingDate="1986-12-20" collectingDateMax="1990-03-05" collectingDateMin="1986-12-20" country="Costa Rica" location="Santa Rosa National Park" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" specimenCount="337" specimenCount-female="337" stateProvince="Guanacaste" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="54973EC89129DE50D9CAFA86FDC3FADB" box="[441,548,1345,1369]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
female. ‘‘COSTA RICA: Guan.,
<collectorName id="26D9E5BC9129DE50D9C4FA98FD6FFAF5" box="[439,648,1375,1399]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Santa Rosa N.P.</collectorName>
,
<date id="FF92A6AA9129DE50D8F3FABAFEE8FA17" box="[128,271,1405,1429]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="1987-02-01" valueMax="1987-02-21" valueMin="1987-02-01">
<collectingDate id="EFD65F429129DE50D8F3FABAFEE8FA17" box="[128,271,1405,1429]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="1987-02-01" valueMax="1987-02-21" valueMin="1987-02-01">1–21.II.1987</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="26D9E5BC9129DE50D96DFABAFE63FA17" box="[286,388,1405,1429]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">I. Gauld</collectorName>
, MT, SE-5-O’’; OSUC 167297. Deposited in CNCI.
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B448A379129DE50D9CAFA5DFF53F958" collectingDate="1986-12-20" collectingDateMax="1990-03-05" collectingDateMin="1986-12-20" country="Costa Rica" location="Santa Rosa National Park" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" specimenCount="337" specimenCount-female="337" stateProvince="Guanacaste" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="54973EC89129DE50D9CAFA5DFDCEFA30" box="[441,553,1434,1458]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
:
<emphasis id="B9585C789129DE50DA42FA5DFF25FA52" bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<collectingCountry id="F33BC0FA9129DE50DA42FA5DFF25FA52" name="Costa Rica" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">COSTA RICA</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
:
<collectingRegion id="49E84E889129DE50D892FA7FFE81FA52" box="[225,358,1464,1488]" country="Costa Rica" name="Guanacaste" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Guanacaste</collectingRegion>
,
<location id="8EF3D6B19129DE50D9F1FA7FFF5FFA6F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0385317C912CDE51DAC7FE0DFC21FD93:8EF3D6B19129DE50D9F1FA7FFF5FFA6F" country="Costa Rica" name="Santa Rosa National Park" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" stateProvince="Guanacaste">Santa Rosa National Park</location>
,
<date id="FF92A6AA9129DE50D8B8FA12FEA2FA6F" box="[203,325,1493,1517]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="1986-12-20">
<collectingDate id="EFD65F429129DE50D8B8FA12FEA2FA6F" box="[203,325,1493,1517]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="1986-12-20">20.xii.1986</collectingDate>
</date>
–10.i.1987,
<collectingDate id="EFD65F429129DE50D9B4FA12FDDDF9AA" isEnumeration="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<date id="FF92A6AA9129DE50D9B4FA12FDB4FA6F" box="[455,595,1493,1517]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="1987-01-10" valueMax="1987-01-21" valueMin="1987-01-10">10–21.i.1987</date>
,
<date id="FF92A6AA9129DE50DA15FA12FF03F989" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="1987-01-10" valueMax="1987-01-31" valueMin="1987-01-10">10– 31.i.1987</date>
,
<date id="FF92A6AA9129DE50D88FFA34FE7BF989" box="[252,412,1523,1547]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="1987-01-31" valueMax="1987-02-21" valueMin="1987-01-31">31.i–21.ii.1987</date>
,
<date id="FF92A6AA9129DE50D9C7FA34FDDDF989" box="[436,570,1523,1547]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="1987-02-01" valueMax="1987-02-21" valueMin="1987-02-01">1–21.ii.1987</date>
,
<date id="FF92A6AA9129DE50DA21FA34FF15F9AA" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="1987-02-21" valueMax="1987-03-14" valueMin="1987-02-21">21.ii– 14.iii.1987</date>
,
<date id="FF92A6AA9129DE50D977F9D7FE77F9AA" box="[260,400,1552,1576]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="1990-03-01" valueMax="1990-03-10" valueMin="1990-03-01">1–10.iii.1990</date>
,
<date id="FF92A6AA9129DE50D9D1F9D7FDDDF9AA" box="[418,570,1552,1576]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="1985-04-17" valueMax="1985-04-27" valueMin="1985-04-17">17–27.iv.1985</date>
</collectingDate>
, 27.iv– 11.v.9815,
<collectingDate id="EFD65F429129DE50D887F9E9FDE8F9C4" box="[244,527,1582,1606]" isEnumeration="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<date id="FF92A6AA9129DE50D887F9E9FE74F9C4" box="[244,403,1582,1606]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="1985-05-11" valueMax="1985-06-01" valueMin="1985-05-11">11.v–1.vi.1985</date>
,
<date id="FF92A6AA9129DE50D9EEF9E9FDE8F9C4" box="[413,527,1582,1606]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="1986-06-14">14.vi.1986</date>
</collectingDate>
,
<collectorName id="26D9E5BC9129DE50DA6AF9E9FD6EF9C4" box="[537,649,1582,1606]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">D. Janzen</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="26D9E5BC9129DE50D8F3F98BFF04F9E6" box="[128,227,1612,1636]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">I. Gauld</collectorName>
,
<collectingMethod id="526DF87D9129DE50D882F98BFE64F9E6" box="[241,387,1612,1636]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Malaise trap</collectingMethod>
. Guanacaste,
<locationDeviation id="9A2199489129DE50DA50F98BFEC0F903" location="Playa Naranjo" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<quantity id="4CD42D8F9129DE50DA50F98BFDBBF9E6" box="[547,604,1612,1636]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="km" value="3.0">3 km</quantity>
NE Playa Naranjo
</locationDeviation>
,
<date id="FF92A6AA9129DE50D946F9AEFE53F903" box="[309,436,1641,1665]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="1990-03-01" valueMax="1990-03-05" valueMin="1990-03-01">
<collectingDate id="EFD65F429129DE50D946F9AEFE53F903" box="[309,436,1641,1665]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="1990-03-01" valueMax="1990-03-05" valueMin="1990-03-01">1–5.iii.1990</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="26D9E5BC9129DE50D9B0F9AEFDCFF903" box="[451,552,1641,1665]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">J. Noyes</collectorName>
,
<collectingMethod id="526DF87D9129DE50DA44F9AEFF56F91D" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Malaise trap</collectingMethod>
.
<specimenCount id="9D2A4BE39129DE50D8C8F940FED8F91D" box="[187,319,1671,1695]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="female">337 females</specimenCount>
. One female in CNCI in block of Dominican amber without further collecting data
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C336D3E19129DE51DAABFC3CFC21FD93" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B93806A9129DE51DAABFC3CFDB2FE8B" blockId="4.[701,1228,1019,1754]" lastBlockId="5.[88,614,211,1754]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
COMMENTS: In all keys to scelionids, such as
<bibRefCitation id="EFBDFD9B9129DE50DAAFFBDFFC66FBB2" author="Masner, L." box="[732,897,1048,1072]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="1 - 87" refId="ref3596" refString="Masner, L. 1976. Revisionary notes and keys to world genera of Scelionidae (Hymenoptera: Proctotrupoidea). Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada 97: 1 - 87." type="journal article" year="1976">Masner (1976)</bibRefCitation>
or
<bibRefCitation id="EFBDFD9B9129DE50DBDBFBDFFBABFBB2" author="Kozlov, M. A." box="[936,1100,1048,1072]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="538 - 664" refId="ref3515" refString="Kozlov, M. A. 1978. [Superfamily Proctotrupoidea.] In G. S. Medvedev [Determination of insects of the European portion of the USSR.] 3 (2): 538 - 664. Leningrad: Nauka, 758 pp." type="book chapter" year="1978">Kozlov (1978)</bibRefCitation>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C2CFBE99129DE50DC24FBDEFB2CFBB3" authorityName="MASNER &amp; JOHNSON" authorityYear="2007" box="[1111,1227,1049,1073]" class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Janzenella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9585C789129DE50DC24FBDEFB2CFBB3" box="[1111,1227,1049,1073]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Janzenella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
immediately is placed as a member of the subfamily
<taxonomicName id="4C2CFBE99129DE50DB4AFB93FC2EFBEE" box="[825,969,1108,1132]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Telenominae">Telenominae</taxonomicName>
by virtue of the 11- segmented antenna and the wide laterotergites on the metasoma. Currently, there are two competing concepts of the scope of this subfamily. In one, the subfamily contains three tribes, the
<taxonomicName id="4C2CFBE99129DE50DB3CFB2FFC36FA82" authorityName="Thomson" authorityYear="1860" box="[847,977,1256,1280]" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Telenomini">Telenomini</taxonomicName>
, Aradophagini, and
<taxonomicName id="4C2CFBE99129DE50DACEFAC2FCA5FA9F" authorityName="Kozlov" authorityYear="1970" box="[701,834,1285,1309]" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Tiphodytini">Tiphodytini</taxonomicName>
(e.g.,
<bibRefCitation id="EFBDFD9B9129DE50DBE0FAC2FBD7FA9F" author="Kozlov, M. A." box="[915,1072,1285,1309]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="203 - 226" refId="ref3489" refString="Kozlov, M. A. 1970. [Supergeneric groupings of Proctotrupoidea (Hymenoptera).] Entomologicheskoye Obozreniye 49: 203 - 226." type="journal article" year="1970">Kozlov, 1970</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFBDFD9B9129DE50DC31FAC2FC6CFAB9" author="Kozlov, M. A. &amp; S. V. Kononova" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refId="ref3563" refString="Kozlov, M. A., and S. V. Kononova. 1983. [Telenominae of the Fauna of the USSR.] Leningrad: Nauka, 336 pp." type="book" year="1983">Kozlov and Kononova, 1983</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFBDFD9B9129DE50DBD7FAE4FD12FADB" author="Kononova, S. V. &amp; M. A. Kozlov" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refId="ref3452" refString="Kononova, S. V., and M. A. Kozlov. 2001. [Scelionidae (Hymenoptera) of Palaearctics. Subfamilies Teleasinae, Baeinae.] Kiev: Akademperiodika, 438 pp." type="book" year="2001">Kononova and Kozlov, 2001</bibRefCitation>
); the second concept includes only the
<taxonomicName id="4C2CFBE99129DE50DACEFA99FCD8FAF4" authorityName="Thomson" authorityYear="1860" box="[701,831,1374,1398]" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Telenomini">Telenomini</taxonomicName>
, relegating the other tribes to the Scelioninae (e.g.,
<bibRefCitation id="EFBDFD9B9129DE50DBC2FABBFB84FA16" author="Masner, L." box="[945,1123,1404,1428]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="1 - 87" refId="ref3596" refString="Masner, L. 1976. Revisionary notes and keys to world genera of Scelionidae (Hymenoptera: Proctotrupoidea). Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada 97: 1 - 87." type="journal article" year="1976">Masner, 1976</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFBDFD9B9129DE50DCF4FABBFB27FA16" author="Masner, L." box="[1159,1216,1404,1428]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="209 - 245" refId="ref3673" refString="Masner, L. 1995. The proctotrupoid families. In P. Hanson and I. D. Gauld, Hymenoptera of Costa Rica, 209 - 245. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 893 pp." type="book chapter" year="1995">1995</bibRefCitation>
). Whatever the relative merits of these two hypotheses,
<taxonomicName id="4C2CFBE99129DE50DB23FA7FFC25FA52" authorityName="MASNER &amp; JOHNSON" authorityYear="2007" box="[848,962,1464,1488]" class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Janzenella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9585C789129DE50DB23FA7FFC25FA52" box="[848,962,1464,1488]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Janzenella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is not a telenomine. The loosely articulated metasomatic segments, the absence of a transverse carina on the base of the first metasomatic segment, the lack of a malar sulcus, the complete fusion of the postgenal bridge, the reduction in R in the hindwing, paired spurs on the hind tibia, and the lateroventral apodemes on S6 all distinguish it from any telenomine. Most of these features, in fact, seem to align this genus with the putatively more plesiomorphic taxa within the
<taxonomicName id="4C2CFBE99128DE51D82BFF36FF30FE8B" box="[88,215,241,265]" class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Scelionidae</taxonomicName>
and even with the
<taxonomicName id="4C2CFBE99128DE51D9DDFF36FDB6FE8B" authorityName="Haliday" authorityYear="1833" box="[430,593,241,265]" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Platygastridae</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B93806A9128DE51D801FEC8FE19FD0E" blockId="5.[88,614,211,1754]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
The ovipositor of
<taxonomicName id="4C2CFBE99128DE51D91BFEC8FE3BFEA5" authorityName="MASNER &amp; JOHNSON" authorityYear="2007" box="[360,476,271,295]" class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Janzenella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9585C789128DE51D91BFEC8FE3BFEA5" box="[360,476,271,295]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Janzenella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is of the plesiomorphic
<taxonomicName id="4C2CFBE99128DE51D975FEEAFE77FEC7" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1893" box="[262,400,301,325]" class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Ceratobaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9585C789128DE51D975FEEAFE77FEC7" box="[262,400,301,325]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Ceratobaeus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-
<typeStatus id="54973EC89128DE51D9EBFEEAFE2DFEC7" box="[408,458,301,325]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">type</typeStatus>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFBDFD9B9128DE51D993FEEAFF04FEE0" author="Austin, A. D. &amp; S. A. Field" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="1 - 87" refId="ref3241" refString="Austin, A. D., and S. A. Field. 1997. The ovipositor system of scelionid and platygastrid wasps (Hymenoptera: Platygastroidea): comparative morphology and phylogenetic implications. Invertebrate Taxonomy 11: 1 - 87." type="journal article" year="1997">Austin and Field, 1997</bibRefCitation>
). The paired lateroventral apodemes at the base of the apical sternite and the short paired lateral apodemes at the base of the apical tergite are found in
<emphasis id="B9585C789128DE51D983FE63FF08FE58" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<taxonomicName id="4C2CFBE99128DE51D983FE63FD86FE3E" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[496,609,420,444]" class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Sparasion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Sparasion</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C2CFBE99128DE51D82BFE05FF08FE58" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1893" box="[88,239,450,474]" class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Sceliomorpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Sceliomorpha</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
, and a number of genera of
<taxonomicName id="4C2CFBE99128DE51D82BFE18FF1AFE75" authorityName="Haliday" authorityYear="1833" box="[88,253,479,503]" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Platygastridae</taxonomicName>
. However, the 1-1-2 tibial spur formula is unique within the Platygastroidea. We attach no particular significance to the reduced number of antennomeres, palpal segments, and the claval formula in view of the small body size of these animals.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B93806A9128DE51D801FD55FD84FB8D" blockId="5.[88,614,211,1754]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
The structure of the metasoma is very different from that of most platygastroids. There is no basal carinate edge to either T1 or S1; this feature is shared only with the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C2CFBE99128DE51D82BFCCEFEC2FCA3" authority="Kirby" authorityName="Kirby" authorityYear="1900" box="[88,293,777,801]" class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Mantibaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9585C789128DE51D82BFCCEFF31FCA3" box="[88,214,777,801]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Mantibaria</emphasis>
Kirby
</taxonomicName>
, the only genus in the tribe
<taxonomicName id="4C2CFBE99128DE51D82BFCE0FE65FCBD" authority="(Scelioninae)" baseAuthorityName="Scelioninae" box="[88,386,807,831]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="tribe" tribe="Mantibariini">Mantibariini (Scelioninae)</taxonomicName>
and a phoretic parasite and egg parasitoid of the eggs of mantids (
<bibRefCitation id="EFBDFD9B9128DE51D813FCA5FF19FCF8" author="Masner, L." box="[96,254,866,890]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="1 - 87" refId="ref3596" refString="Masner, L. 1976. Revisionary notes and keys to world genera of Scelionidae (Hymenoptera: Proctotrupoidea). Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada 97: 1 - 87." type="journal article" year="1976">Masner, 1976</bibRefCitation>
). Dissection of the metasoma of
<taxonomicName id="4C2CFBE99128DE51D82BFC47FF2BFC1A" authorityName="MASNER &amp; JOHNSON" authorityYear="2007" box="[88,204,896,920]" class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Janzenella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9585C789128DE51D82BFC47FF2BFC1A" box="[88,204,896,920]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Janzenella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
revealed that the short narrowed portion of the metasoma that articulates with the propodeum has both a tergal and sternal component. This is consistent with the structure of the metasoma in other platygastroids.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B93806A9128DE51D801FBD2FD81FB7F" blockId="5.[88,614,211,1754]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
From these characters, it seems that
<taxonomicName id="4C2CFBE99128DE51D82BFBF4FF2CFBC9" authorityName="MASNER &amp; JOHNSON" authorityYear="2007" box="[88,203,1075,1099]" class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Janzenella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9585C789128DE51D82BFBF4FF2CFBC9" box="[88,203,1075,1099]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Janzenella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is not closely related to the major radiations within the
<taxonomicName id="4C2CFBE99128DE51D914FB96FE00FBEB" box="[359,487,1105,1129]" class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Scelionidae</taxonomicName>
or
<taxonomicName id="4C2CFBE99128DE51DA50FB96FF25FB05" authorityName="Haliday" authorityYear="1833" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Platygastridae</taxonomicName>
. It may be a rather basal element, but the small size of the individuals, with the concomitant reduction in the expression of many characters, makes it difficult to recognize the taxa to which it may be most closely related.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B93806A9128DE51D801FAC3FC21FD93" blockId="5.[88,614,211,1754]" lastBlockId="5.[662,1188,211,529]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
The specimens were collected from Malaise traps set in dry deciduous forest or in a disturbed area near human habitation. The traps in the forest were either under the canopy or open to the sky; both sets of traps captured specimens of
<taxonomicName id="4C2CFBE99128DE51D92EFA5EFE36FA33" authorityName="MASNER &amp; JOHNSON" authorityYear="2007" box="[349,465,1433,1457]" class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Janzenella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9585C789128DE51D92EFA5EFE36FA33" box="[349,465,1433,1457]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Janzenella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Nearly 40% of the specimens were collected in the disturbed area. The range of collecting dates is restricted to the dry season in
<collectingRegion id="49E84E889128DE51D9AAFA35FD85F988" box="[473,610,1522,1546]" country="Costa Rica" name="Guanacaste" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Guanacaste</collectingRegion>
. The complete absence of males from the trap catch has at least two possible explanations. First, the species may be thelytokous, a condition unusual for platygastroids but not unknown (e.g.,
<bibRefCitation id="EFBDFD9B9128DE51D89BF941FDEAF91C" author="Hokyo, N. &amp; K. Kiritani" box="[232,525,1670,1694]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="214 - 226" refId="ref3355" refString="Hokyo, N., and K. Kiritani. 1963. Two species of egg parasites as contemporaneous mortality factors in the egg population of the southern green stink bug, Nezara viridula. Japanese Journal of Applied Entomology and Zoology 7: 214 - 226." type="journal article" year="1963">Hokyo and Kiritani, 1963</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFBDFD9B9128DE51DA64F941FF3EF93E" author="Hokyo, N. &amp; K. Kiritani &amp; F. Nakasaji &amp; M. Shiga" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="94 - 102" refId="ref3403" refString="Hokyo, N., K. Kiritani, F. Nakasaji, and M. Shiga. 1966. Comparative biology of the two scelionid egg parasites of Nezara viridula L. (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae). Applied Entomology and Zoology 1: 94 - 102." type="journal article" year="1966">Hokyo et al., 1966</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFBDFD9B9128DE51D896F963FE88F93E" author="Tadic, M. D." box="[229,367,1700,1724]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="568 - 569" refId="ref3712" refString="Tadic, M. D. 1965. Telenomus terebrans Ratz., parasite des oeufs du bombyx a livree (Malacosoma neustria L). In P. Freeman (editor), Proceedings of the XIIth International Congress of Entomology. London, 568 - 569, 842." type="journal article" year="1965">Tadić, 1965</bibRefCitation>
). Alternatively, males may not be effectively sampled using Malaise traps, perhaps because they remain close by the egg mass from which they emerged, because host eggs are in cryptic habitats (suggested by the strongly depressed body of the female), or the males are functionally flightless. Elucidation of the biology of
<taxonomicName id="4C2CFBE99128DE51DBB9FEA1FB7AFEFC" authorityName="MASNER &amp; JOHNSON" authorityYear="2007" box="[970,1181,358,382]" class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Janzenella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="innupta">
<emphasis id="B9585C789128DE51DBB9FEA1FB7AFEFC" box="[970,1181,358,382]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Janzenella innupta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, given its abundance, appears to be a tractable problem, and the resolution of that question may have important implications for understanding the evolution of host relationships within the Platygastroidea.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>