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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.99.23713" ID-PMC="PMC5972148" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-99-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="70092509EA3CFFCEAB02FFFAFFF6FFB6" ID-PubMed="29861651" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1254650" ModsDocID="1314-2003-99-1" checkinTime="1526951308438" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Block, Petra De, Rakotonasolo, Franck, Ntore, Salvator, Sylvain G. Razafimandimbison, &amp; Janssens, Steven" docDate="2018" docId="5EFC0C02CE9954C0ACA2EA510F1B7946" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 99: 1-66" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 99" docPubDate="2018-05-21" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.99.23713" docTitle="Helictosperma Block &amp; Rakotonasolo &amp; Ntore &amp; Sylvain G. Razafimandimbison &amp; Janssens 2018, gen. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" id="70092509EA3CFFCEAB02FFFAFFF6FFB6" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="70092509EA3CFFCEAB02FFFAFFF6FFB6" masterDocTitle="Four new endemic genera of Rubiaceae (Pavetteae) from Madagascar represent multiple radiations into drylands" masterLastPageNumber="66" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1668142303887" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Four new endemic genera of Rubiaceae (Pavetteae) from Madagascar represent multiple radiations into drylands</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Block, Petra De</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Botanic Garden Meise, Nieuwelaan 38, 1860 Meise, Belgium</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">petra.deblock@plantentuinmeise.be</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Rakotonasolo, Franck</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Kew Madagascar Conservation Centre, Lot II J 131 Ambodivoanjo, Ivandry, Antananarivo, Madagascar &amp; Parc Botanique et Zoologique de Tsimbazaza, Antananarivo- 101, Madagascar</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Ntore, Salvator</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Botanic Garden Meise, Nieuwelaan 38, 1860 Meise, Belgium</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Sylvain G. Razafimandimbison,</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Swedish Museum of Natural History, Department of Botany, P. O. Box 50007, SE- 10405 Stockholm, Sweden</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Janssens, Steven</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Botanic Garden Meise, Nieuwelaan 38, 1860 Meise, Belgium</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2018</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2018-05-21</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>99</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
<mods:end>66</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.99.23713</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.99.23713</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-99-1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">70092509EA3CFFCEAB02FFFAFFF6FFB6</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">1254650</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="182225127" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5EFC0C02CE9954C0ACA2EA510F1B7946" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5EFC0C02CE9954C0ACA2EA510F1B7946" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName LSID="5EFC0C02-CE99-54C0-ACA2-EA510F1B7946" authority="Block &amp; Rakotonasolo &amp; Ntore &amp; Sylvain G. Razafimandimbison &amp; Janssens, 2018" authorityName="Block &amp; Rakotonasolo &amp; Ntore &amp; Sylvain G. Razafimandimbison &amp; Janssens" authorityYear="2018" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Helictosperma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Helictosperma" order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">Helictosperma</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="1">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Differing from
<taxonomicName authorityName="De Block" authorityYear="2018" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Exallosperma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Exallosperma" order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Exallosperma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the shorter calyx lobes (3-9 mm vs. 12-16 mm long), the shorter corolla tubes (0.7-1.4 cm vs. 2.7-3.6 cm long), the completely exserted anthers at anthesis (vs. included in the corolla tube except for the tips), the pollen with microreticulate to perforate tectum (vs. psilate tectum), the fruits containing a single stony pyrene that opens into four valves, and the single seed that is rolled-in on itself like a giant pill-millipede (vs. fruits containing 2 hemi-ovoid pyrenes not opening into 4 valves, each with 1 laterally flattened, bean-shaped seed).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="type species">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type species.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="De Block" authorityYear="2018" baseAuthorityName="Block &amp; Rakotonasolo &amp; Ntore &amp; Sylvain G. Razafimandimbison &amp; Janssens" baseAuthorityYear="2018" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Helictosperma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Helictosperma malacophylla" order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="malacophylla">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Helictosperma malacophylla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Drake) De Block
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Shrubs or small trees, with
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Terminalia</emphasis>
-branching pattern, branching modules consisting of a long-shoot, horizontal in orientation, never bearing inflorescences and relatively smooth, and an inflorescence-bearing short-shoot with short internodes, erect in orientation, densely beset with corky stipular remnants and alternating vegetative and reproductive nodes; vegetative parts glabrous or pubescent. Leaves grouped terminally on short-shoots, deciduous, petiolate with petioles long, slender and canaliculate above; blades papyraceous; domatia present; margins not revolute; bases rounded, subcordate, cordate or unequal, more rarely truncate or obtuse. Stipules keeled, with a dense row of large colleters interspaced with hairs at the base but otherwise glabrous on the inner surface, dimorphic: in vegetative nodes consisting of truncate or triangular sheaths forming a cone and topped by needle-like awns, in inflorescence-bearing nodes consisting of ovate sheaths with acute or shortly acuminate tips. Inflorescences seemingly terminal but actually pseudo-axillary on erect short-shoots, pedunculate, pauci- or multiflorous, cymose with trichotomous branching; all parts (axes, bracts, bracteoles, pedicels) glabrous or pubescent; bracts and bracteoles well-developed, linear. Flowers hermaphroditic, pentamerous, pedicellate; all parts (ovary, calyx, corolla) glabrous or pubescent outside; secondary pollen presentation present. Calyx well-developed; tube short; lobes much longer than tube. Corolla white, turning yellowish with age; tube narrowly cylindrical; lobes contorted to the left in bud and spreading at anthesis, oblong, with blunt and emarginate tips. Stamens inserted in the sinuses of the corolla lobes at the level of the throat; filaments short; anthers completely exserted from the corolla tube at anthesis, basifixed, with sagittate base and short sterile apical appendix. Disc annular, fleshy, glabrous. Ovary cup-shaped, bilocular; placentation axile, with 3 ovules arising on top of a small placenta attached to the lower half of the septum. Style and stigma exserted from the corolla tube at anthesis; stigmatic lobes fused over their entire length except for the very tips, receptive zone on the adaxial surfaces of the free tips and along the lines of fusion of the lobes. Fruits drupaceous, spherical, pubescent or glabrous, crowned by the persistent calyx, containing 1 pyrene; pyrene crustaceous, spherical, formed by the outer convex parts of the two locules (the septum remaining membraneous and pushed to the side by the developing seed), opening along 4 preformed longitudinal germination slits of which 2 run down the margins of the locules and 2 are perpendicular to those, containing 1 seed; seed spherical, rolled-in on itself in the shape of a giant pill-millipede; hilum ovate, profound, moderate annulus around hilum present; exotesta cells with continuous plate-like thickenings along the outer tangential and upper parts of the radial walls, annulus formed by strongly elongated exotesta cells; endotesta consisting of crushed cell layers with many crystals; endosperm entire. Pollen grains 3-zonocolporate, exine microreticulate to perforate, supratectal elements absent.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A genus with 2 species, endemic to western and northern Madagascar, occurring on calcareous soil.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">The genus is named for the shape of the seeds, which are rolled-in on themselves in the shape of giant pill-millipedes.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="key">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Key to the species of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Block &amp; Rakotonasolo &amp; Ntore &amp; Sylvain G. Razafimandimbison &amp; Janssens" authorityYear="2018" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Helictosperma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Helictosperma" order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Helictosperma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<table inLine="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
Vegetative and reproductive parts densely covered with erect or spreading hairs; inflorescences consisting of 25-90 flowers, 2.5-8
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
2-7 cm; calyx lobes 3-5
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
1-1.5 mm; corolla tube pubescent outside; corolla lobes with ciliate margins
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. malacophylla" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="malacophylla">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H. malacophylla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
Vegetative and reproductive parts usually glabrous but, if pubescent, then hairs appressed; inflorescences consisting of (1-)5-15(-20) flowers, up to 3
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
2 cm; calyx lobes 7-9
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
1.5-2.5 mm; corolla tube glabrous outside; corolla lobes without ciliate margins
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. poissoniana" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="poissoniana">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H. poissoniana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nl.45.76043" ID-GBIF-Dataset="898ac507-069d-416c-8716-fe10ffe3a03d" ID-GBIF-Taxon="191930624" ID-Pensoft-Pub="2367-5365-45-9" ID-Pensoft-UUID="A6E4AB7044225DDBB2E210C26BBDDA93" ID-ZooBank="894ABE3BF6654F7193284855FB8FC90F" ModsDocID="2367-5365-45-9" checkinTime="1641571817006" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Alipanah, Helen, Nieukerken, Erik J. van, Farahani, Samira &amp; Buszko, Jaroslaw" docDate="2022" docId="5EFC869CB40855A885B2A418066AD9F5" docLanguage="en" docName="NotaLepidopt 45: 9-32" docOrigin="Nota Lepidopterologica 45" docPubDate="2022-01-06" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nl.45.76043" docTitle="Tischeria dodonaea Stainton 1858" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" id="A6E4AB7044225DDBB2E210C26BBDDA93" lastPageNumber="9" masterDocId="A6E4AB7044225DDBB2E210C26BBDDA93" masterDocTitle="Tischeriidae (Lepidoptera) leafminers new to Iran, including Tischeria caucasica on Quercus: a sibling species of T. ekebladella or a case of clinal variation?" masterLastPageNumber="32" masterPageNumber="9" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" updateTime="1641577833889" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Tischeriidae (Lepidoptera) leafminers new to Iran, including Tischeria caucasica on Quercus: a sibling species of T. ekebladella or a case of clinal variation?</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Alipanah, Helen</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection (IRIPP), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran; alipanah @ iripp. ir; halipanah @ gmail. com</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">halipanah@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Nieukerken, Erik J. van</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5721-1840</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Naturalis Biodiversity Center, PO Box 9557, NL- 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands; nieukerken @ naturalis. nl</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Farahani, Samira</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran; s. farahani @ rifr-ac. ir</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Buszko, Jaroslaw</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8816-0591</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Ecology and Biogeography, Nicolaus Copernicus University of Torun, Lwowska 1, 87 - 100, Torun, Poland; buszko @ umk. pl</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Nota Lepidopterologica</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2022-01-06</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>45</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>9</mods:start>
<mods:end>32</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nl.45.76043</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nl.45.76043</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">2367-5365-45-9</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">894ABE3BF6654F7193284855FB8FC90F</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">A6E4AB7044225DDBB2E210C26BBDDA93</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="191930624" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5EFC869CB40855A885B2A418066AD9F5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5EFC869CB40855A885B2A418066AD9F5" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="9" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="9">
<taxonomicName LSID="5EFC869C-B408-55A8-85B2-A418066AD9F5" authority="Stainton, 1858 New for Iran" authorityName="Stainton" authorityYear="1858" class="Insecta" family="Tischeriidae" genus="Tischeria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tischeria dodonaea" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dodonaea">Tischeria dodonaea Stainton, 1858 New for Iran</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="9" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="9">
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Tischeria dodonaea Stainton, 1858, East Azarbaijan (Kaleybar), genitalia slide EvN 5288 (A, C) and Coptotriche gaunacella (Duponchel, 1843), Mazandaran (Neka), genitalia slide EvN 5295 (B, D). A, B. Mounted adult males, dorsal view; C, D. Male genitalia." figureDoi="10.3897/nl.45.76043.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/630964" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">Fig. 10A, C</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="9" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="9">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="9">
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2008-09-16" collectingDateMax="2009-03-26" collectingDateMin="2008-09-16" collectorName="J. Buszko" country="Iran" location="East Azarbaijan Prov." municipality="Kaleybar" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">
<collectingCountry name="Iran">Iran</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5EFC869CB40855A885B2A418066AD9F5:4C78D252686CA903CF6F7ED626A812A6" country="Iran" municipality="Kaleybar" name="East Azarbaijan Prov.">
East
<normalizedToken originalValue="Āzarbāijān">Azarbaijan</normalizedToken>
Prov.
</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality>Kaleybar</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingDate value="2008-09-16">16.ix.2008</collectingDate>
,
<collectorName>J. Buszko</collectorName>
leg.,
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rhamnaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Quercus macranthera" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macranthera">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">Quercus macranthera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<specimenCount type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
, emerged
<collectingDate value="2009-03-26">26.iii.2009</collectingDate>
, genitalia slide EvN5288, HMIM
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/nl.45.76043.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/630964" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" start="Figure 10" startId="F10">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">Figure 10.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Stainton" authorityYear="1858" class="Insecta" family="Ulmaceae" genus="Tischeria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tischeria dodonaea" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dodonaea">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">Tischeria dodonaea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Stainton, 1858, East
<normalizedToken originalValue="Āzarbāijān">Azarbaijan</normalizedToken>
(Kaleybar), genitalia slide EvN5288 (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">A, C</emphasis>
) and
<taxonomicName authority="Walsingham, 1890" authorityName="New for Iran." authorityYear="1890" baseAuthorityName="Duponchel" baseAuthorityYear="1843" class="Insecta" family="Tischeriidae" genus="Coptotriche" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coptotriche gaunacella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gaunacella">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">Coptotriche gaunacella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Duponchel, 1843),
<normalizedToken originalValue="Māzandarān">
<collectingRegion country="Iran" name="Mazandaran">Mazandaran</collectingRegion>
</normalizedToken>
(
<normalizedToken originalValue="Nekā">Neka</normalizedToken>
), genitalia slide EvN5295 (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">B, D</emphasis>
).
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">A, B.</emphasis>
Mounted adult males, dorsal view;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">C, D.</emphasis>
Male genitalia.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="9" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="9">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="9">
Europe: Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Czechia, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia (new record, BOLD, see Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Neighbor Joining tree of DNA barcodes of European Tischeria, from dataset DS-TISCIRAN. BINs are given next to each cluster. Specimens identified as T. caucasica are given in red." figureDoi="10.3897/nl.45.76043.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/630965" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">11</figureCitation>
), Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine; Asia: Turkey, Caucasus (
<bibRefCitation author="Diskus, A" editor="Puplesis, R" journalOrPublisher="The Nepticuloidea &amp; Tischerioidea (Lepidoptera) - a global review, with strategic regional revisions. Lutute publishers, Kaunas" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" pagination="318 - 436" refId="B7" refString="Diskus, A, Puplesis, R, 2003a. Catalogue of the world Nepticuloidea &amp; Tischerioidea. In: Puplesis, R, Diskus, A, Eds., Nepticuloidea ir Tischerioidea (Lepidoptera) pasaulio ir lietuvos faunoje. The Nepticuloidea &amp; Tischerioidea (Lepidoptera) - a global review, with strategic regional revisions. Lutute publishers, Kaunas: 318 - 436" title="Catalogue of the world Nepticuloidea &amp; Tischerioidea." volumeTitle="Nepticuloidea ir Tischerioidea (Lepidoptera) pasaulio ir lietuvos faunoje." year="2003 a">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Diškus">Diskus</normalizedToken>
and Puplesis 2003a
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Gozmany, LA" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" refId="B13" refString="Gozmany, LA, 2012. The Lepidoptera of Greece and Cyprus, volume 1. Hellenic Zoological Society Athens, [v +] 409 pp." title="The Lepidoptera of Greece and Cyprus, volume 1. Hellenic Zoological Society Athens, [v +] 409 pp." year="2012">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Gozmány">Gozmany</normalizedToken>
2012
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Lastuvka, A" journalOrPublisher="SHILAP Revista de Lepidopterologia" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" pagination="633 - 644" publicationUrl="http://www.redalyc.org/pdf/455/45543699008.pdf" refId="B23" refString="Lastuvka, A, Lastuvka, Z, 2015. New records of Lepidoptera from the Iberian Peninsula from 2015 (Insecta: Lepidoptera). SHILAP Revista de Lepidopterologia 43 (172): 633 - 644, http://www.redalyc.org/pdf/455/45543699008.pdf" title="New records of Lepidoptera from the Iberian Peninsula from 2015 (Insecta: Lepidoptera)." url="http://www.redalyc.org/pdf/455/45543699008.pdf" volume="43" year="2015">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Laštůvka">Lastuvka</normalizedToken>
and
<normalizedToken originalValue="Laštůvka">Lastuvka</normalizedToken>
2015
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Karsholt, O" journalOrPublisher="Roshd Journal of Geography" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" publicationUrl="https://fauna-eu.org" refId="B19" refString="Karsholt, O, van Nieukerken, EJ, 2017. Fauna Europaea: Carposinidae, Choreutidae, Hepialidae, Tischeriidae. In: Karsholt O, Nieukerken EJ van (Eds) Lepidoptera. Fauna Europaea version 2017.06. https://fauna-eu.org" title="Fauna Europaea: Carposinidae, Choreutidae, Hepialidae, Tischeriidae. In: Karsholt O, Nieukerken EJ van (Eds) Lepidoptera. Fauna Europaea version 2017.06." url="https://fauna-eu.org" year="2017">Karsholt and van Nieukerken 2017</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/nl.45.76043.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/630965" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" start="Figure 11" startId="F11">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">Figure 11.</emphasis>
Neighbor Joining tree of DNA barcodes of European
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ulmaceae" genus="Tischeria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tischeria" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">Tischeria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, from dataset DS-TISCIRAN. BINs are given next to each cluster. Specimens identified as
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" genus="T." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. caucasica" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caucasica">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">T. caucasica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are given in red.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="9" type="host">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="9">Host plants.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="9">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Castanea" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Castanea sativa" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sativa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">Castanea sativa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rhamnaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Quercus cerris" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cerris">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">Quercus cerris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Q." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Q. faginea" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="faginea">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">Q. faginea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Q." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Q. x subsp. hispanica" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="x" subSpecies="hispanica">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">Q. x hispanica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Q." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Q. ithaburensis subsp. macrolepis" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="ithaburensis" subSpecies="macrolepis">Q. ithaburensis subsp. macrolepis</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Q." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Q. petraea" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="petraea">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">Q. petraea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Q." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Q. pubescens" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pubescens">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">Q. pubescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Q." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Q. robur" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="robur">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">Q. robur</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Q." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Q. rubra" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rubra">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">Q. rubra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Diskus, A" editor="Puplesis, R" journalOrPublisher="The Nepticuloidea &amp; Tischerioidea (Lepidoptera) - a global review, with strategic regional revisions. Lutute publishers, Kaunas" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" pagination="318 - 436" refId="B7" refString="Diskus, A, Puplesis, R, 2003a. Catalogue of the world Nepticuloidea &amp; Tischerioidea. In: Puplesis, R, Diskus, A, Eds., Nepticuloidea ir Tischerioidea (Lepidoptera) pasaulio ir lietuvos faunoje. The Nepticuloidea &amp; Tischerioidea (Lepidoptera) - a global review, with strategic regional revisions. Lutute publishers, Kaunas: 318 - 436" title="Catalogue of the world Nepticuloidea &amp; Tischerioidea." volumeTitle="Nepticuloidea ir Tischerioidea (Lepidoptera) pasaulio ir lietuvos faunoje." year="2003 a">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Diškus">Diskus</normalizedToken>
and Puplesis 2003a
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Ellis, WN" journalOrPublisher="Psyche (Cambridge)" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" publicationUrl="https://bladmineerders.nl/" refId="B11" refString="Ellis, WN, 2021. Plant Parasites of Europe, leafminers, galls and fungi. https://bladmineerders.nl/" title="Plant Parasites of Europe, leafminers, galls and fungi." url="https://bladmineerders.nl/" year="2021">Ellis 2021</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

78
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<paragraph id="68AA8EE7AE09CA3871002F3B83A99E98" pageId="201" pageNumber="202">
†
<taxonomicName id="E14BD192211176186FCC9C25F49194A5" ID-CoL="738TN" LSID="5EFCC448-2D1F-31DA-EE65-68F14B8D18FA" authority="Brusina, 1874" authorityName="Brusina" authorityYear="1874" class="Gastropoda" family="Melanopsidae" genus="Melanopsis" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Melanopsis onychia" order="Sorbeoconcha" pageId="201" pageNumber="202" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="onychia">Melanopsis onychia Brusina, 1874</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="5CCBB1F41F85889C35245142FD21B77C" pageId="201" pageNumber="202" type="original source">
<paragraph id="CE6122873044141C6A220714F59830A7" pageId="201" pageNumber="202">Original source.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D955736A8B6C6A5E94421063C6146119" pageId="201" pageNumber="202">
<bibRefCitation id="AF29408965689069A4649BA0740DBA81" author="Brusina, S" journalOrPublisher="Actienbuchdruckerei, Agram" pageId="304" pageNumber="305" refId="B63" refString="Brusina, S, 1874. Fossile Binnen-Mollusken aus Dalmatien, Kroatien und Slavonien nebst einem Anhange. Actienbuchdruckerei, Agram" title="Fossile Binnen-Mollusken aus Dalmatien, Kroatien und Slavonien nebst einem Anhange." year="1874">Brusina 1874</bibRefCitation>
: 30, pl. 1, figs 3-4.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0680BA46F470551401352C72F70EF27D" pageId="201" pageNumber="202" type="type horizon">
<paragraph id="4BD086109081FE8082FA98FDCD7AB38C" pageId="201" pageNumber="202">Type horizon.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3EBC39CFE63B1C301CAF010263E04A78" pageId="201" pageNumber="202">Cernikian, Pliocene.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="199502F25EA0C4BF3959524B4F1BEAB0" pageId="201" pageNumber="202" type="type locality">
<paragraph id="A521993D5C05C72E1C9F30FD7B8D3946" pageId="201" pageNumber="202">Type locality.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="26B9D481F2A18139A5F685C49E214B9D" pageId="201" pageNumber="202">
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; Podvinje (
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) [
<normalizedToken id="EBA026FEEE86903039EDB17332801A26" originalValue="Čaplja">Caplja</normalizedToken>
trench near Slavonski Brod]; Sibinj&quot;, Croatia.
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<paragraph id="4DBC6C732769F3AAD58BCD7027A3431C" pageId="201" pageNumber="202">Types.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7C1BE40DEB0BACCC0789E7BDFE25BCBA" pageId="201" pageNumber="202">Milan et al. (1974: 95) indicated a holotype, but it is uncertain whether the specimen was the only one Brusina had at hand (holotype by monotypy, Art. 73.1.2). The specimen is stored in the Croatian Natural History Museum, Zagreb, coll. no. 3206-852/1.</paragraph>
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