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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.2.722" ID-GBIF-Dataset="c0ccbf8e-0eab-4f97-b656-c1448aed48ef" ID-PMC="PMC3174429" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-2-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="EA40FFA9FFA1FFD2FF9FB94CFFB01208" ID-PubMed="22171170" ID-Zenodo-Dep="576062" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2011" ModsDocID="1314-2003-2-1" ModsDocOrigin="PhytoKeys 2" ModsDocTitle="Two new species of Dilkea subgenus Dilkea (Passifloraceae) from Loreto, Peru" checkinTime="1555332308579" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Feuillet, Christian" docDate="2011" docId="5EE85EE2E1DC8D9EB29446DBEB15135B" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 2: 1-8" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 2" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.2.722" docTitle="Dilkea hebes Feuillet 2011, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="6" id="EA40FFA9FFA1FFD2FF9FB94CFFB01208" lastPageNumber="4" masterDocId="EA40FFA9FFA1FFD2FF9FB94CFFB01208" masterDocTitle="Two new species of Dilkea subgenus Dilkea (Passifloraceae) from Loreto, Peru" masterLastPageNumber="8" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="2" updateTime="1668140790203" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Two new species of Dilkea subgenus Dilkea (Passifloraceae) from Loreto, Peru</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Feuillet, Christian</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2011</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>2</mods:number>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.2.722</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.2.722</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="156201752" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5EE85EE2E1DC8D9EB29446DBEB15135B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5EE85EE2E1DC8D9EB29446DBEB15135B" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<taxonomicName LSID="5EE85EE2-E1DC-8D9E-B294-46DBEB15135B" authority="Feuillet" authorityName="Feuillet" authorityYear="2011" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Passifloraceae" genus="Dilkea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Dilkea hebes" order="Malpighiales" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hebes" status="sp. nov.">Dilkea hebes Feuillet</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="1" pageNumber="2">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Holotype of Dilkea hebes Feuillet: M. Rimachi Y. 2336 (US)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/9855" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="latin">
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Latin</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Feuillet" authorityYear="2011" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Passifloraceae" genus="Dilkea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Malpighiales" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hebes">Dilkea hebes</taxonomicName>
foliis super hebeti, exocarpio 4-5 mm crasso, multistrato, suberis simulanti, a subgeneris
<taxonomicName authorityName="Masters" authorityYear="1871" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Passifloraceae" genus="Dilkea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Malpighiales" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Dilkea</taxonomicName>
speciebus mihi notis distincta. Liana in sylva riparia inundata, in Loreto (Peruvia) crescit.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="type">
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Type:</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
PERU.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Loreto:</emphasis>
Maynas, District of Iquitos,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
Nanay, above Bellavista, between Pampa Chica and Santa Clara, shoreline forest frequently inundated, 1 June 1976, fr.,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">M. Rimachi Y. 2336</emphasis>
(holotype: US-3393830!; isotype: IBE).
</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
Woody climber, growth continuous, internodes subequal or gradually unequal, twigs drying brown to black; glabrous throughout. Stipules not seen. Leaf: petiole terete, reduced to the pulvinus, 3-6 mm long, swollen but not wrinkled when dry, drying nearly black; blades coriaceous, narrowly elliptic to oblanceolate, widest ca. 2/3 from base, 7.5-19
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
3.5-6.5 cm, base usually slightly acute, angle ca. 45° each
<pageBreakToken pageId="2" pageNumber="3" start="start">side</pageBreakToken>
of the midrib, apex acute or round and
<normalizedToken originalValue="short–acuminate">short-acuminate</normalizedToken>
, margin undulated on herbarium specimens, probably due to dorsiventrally curved midrib, adaxially dull, drying dark
<normalizedToken originalValue="olive–green">olive-green</normalizedToken>
, abaxially dull, drying pale
<normalizedToken originalValue="olive–green">olive-green</normalizedToken>
, midrib adaxially in a groove, abaxially strongly raised, main veins obscure, 15-20 on each side of the midrib of
<normalizedToken originalValue="well–developed">well-developed</normalizedToken>
leaves. Inflorescences axillary; peduncle axillary, thicker than the stem, bearing 1-2 flowers; bracts thick scale-shaped, 0.5-2 mm long, long and narrow
<pageBreakToken pageId="3" pageNumber="4" start="start">to</pageBreakToken>
short and wide under the same fruit; pedicel and peduncle forming a narrow cone 0.5-1.5 cm long, 0.4-0.6 cm diam. at apex under the fruit. Flowers not seen. Fruits subterminal by withering of the apical part of the stem, spherical, observed still green but well-developed, fruit wall hard, 4-5 mm thick, corky, with 1-2 seeds, partly empty with at least partially dividing membranes; seeds peanut-shaped, slightly asymmetric, 1.7
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
0.7-0.8 cm.
</paragraph>
<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/9855" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" start="Figure 1" startId="F1">
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figure 1.</emphasis>
Holotype of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Feuillet" authorityYear="2011" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Passifloraceae" genus="Dilkea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Malpighiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hebes">Dilkea hebes</taxonomicName>
Feuillet:
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">M. Rimachi Y. 2336</emphasis>
(US).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Endemic to the district of Iquitos, Maynas, Loreto, Eastern Peru.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
The specimen labels did not give geographical coordinates for the collection localities of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Feuillet" authorityYear="2011" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Passifloraceae" genus="Dilkea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Malpighiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hebes">Dilkea hebes</taxonomicName>
in Peru, Loreto, Maynas, Distr. Iquitos. The localities cited for the two specimens, &quot;quebrada de
<normalizedToken originalValue="Morropón”">Morropon&quot;</normalizedToken>
or &quot;Pampa Chica&quot;, are not in the gazetteer published by the United States Board on Geographic Names (
<bibRefCitation author="USBGN," journalOrPublisher="Defense Mapping Agency, Washington" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refId="B8" refString="USBGN, , 1989. Gazetteer of Peru, 2nd edition. Defense Mapping Agency, Washington, 869 pp." title="Gazetteer of Peru, 2 nd edition." year="1989">USBGN 1989</bibRefCitation>
), and Santa Clara and Bella Vista are common village names in Peru. A search in the National
<normalizedToken originalValue="Geospatial–Intelligence">Geospatial-Intelligence</normalizedToken>
Agency database (NGA web site) on Santa Clara brought 11 occurrences in Loreto and Bella Vista / Bellavista 16. Coordinates for those are too uncertain to be presented in the specimen citations, but it is possible that they are Puerto Bellavista Nanay, port of Iquitos on the
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
Nanay, ca. 3°42'S, 73°15'W, and Santa Clara de Nanay, near the far end of Iquitos airport on the bank of the
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
Nanay, ca. 3°47'S, 73°20'W.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="ecology">
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Ecology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Feuillet" authorityYear="2011" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Passifloraceae" genus="Dilkea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Malpighiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hebes">Dilkea hebes</taxonomicName>
is growing in inundated riparian forest, known only from the vicinity of the type locality, ca. 90 m elev.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="phenology">
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Phenology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fruits immature when collected in February and June.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="preliminary conservation status">
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Preliminary conservation status.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Feuillet" authorityYear="2011" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Passifloraceae" genus="Dilkea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Malpighiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hebes">Dilkea hebes</taxonomicName>
is known from two collections from the same district in Maynas, Loreto, Peru. The data are insufficient to assess an informed status for this species, therefore I suggest that it be classified as DD (Data Deficient) according to
<bibRefCitation author="IUCN," journalOrPublisher="IUCN Species Survival Commission, IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refId="B6" refString="IUCN, , 2001. IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1. IUCN Species Survival Commission, IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK" title="IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1." year="2001">IUCN (2001</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="IUCN," journalOrPublisher="IUCN Species Survival Commision" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refId="B7" refString="IUCN, , 2003. Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional Levels: Version 3.0. IUCN Species Survival Commision" title="Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional Levels: Version 3.0." year="2003">2003</bibRefCitation>
) categories.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="discussion">
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Discussion.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Feuillet" authorityYear="2011" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Passifloraceae" genus="Dilkea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Malpighiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hebes">Dilkea hebes</taxonomicName>
has a few fruit characteristics that distinguish it from all other species of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Masters" authorityYear="1871" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Passifloraceae" genus="Dilkea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Malpighiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Dilkea</taxonomicName>
and that may be related to its frequently inundated habitat. The thick corky fruit wall, the small number of seeds leaving empty space in the fruit, and possibly the thin membranes inside the fruit increase the floatability of the fruit suggesting that the fruits may be disseminated during floods. Cork has been found in some species of
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Passifloraceae" genus="Passiflora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Violales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">Passiflora</taxonomicName>
, for example on the bark of mature stems of
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Passifloraceae" genus="Passiflora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Violales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="suberosa">Passiflora suberosa</taxonomicName>
L. and
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Passifloraceae" genus="Passiflora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Violales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="sexocellata">Passiflora sexocellata</taxonomicName>
Schlecht. in subg.
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Passifloraceae" genus="Decaloba" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Malpighiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Decaloba</taxonomicName>
(DC.) Rchb. supersect.
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Passifloraceae" genus="Cieca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Malpighiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Cieca</taxonomicName>
(Medic.) J.M. MacDougal &amp; Feuillet or even on the young stems and the petioles of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Feuillet" authorityYear="2004" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Passifloraceae" genus="Passiflora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Violales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="phellos">Passiflora phellos</taxonomicName>
Feuillet in subg.
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Passifloraceae" genus="Passiflora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Violales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">Passiflora</taxonomicName>
supersect.
<taxonomicName genus="Laurifolia" lsidName="" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" rank="genus">Laurifolia</taxonomicName>
(Cervi) Feuillet &amp; J.M. MacDougal. The vegetative characters are rather similar to
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Passifloraceae" genus="Dilkea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Malpighiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="johannesii">Dilkea johannesii</taxonomicName>
Barb.Rodr., which differs by its thin-walled fruit tapering at base and having an apical hard cone (cf. original illustration, reproduced from the Smithsonian Library,
<bibRefCitation author="Feuillet, C" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="615 - 617" refId="B5" refString="Feuillet, C, 2010b. Folia Taxonomica 19. Typifications in Dilkea (Passifloraceae). Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas 4 (2): 615 - 617" title="Folia Taxonomica 19. Typifications in Dilkea (Passifloraceae)." volume="4" year="2010 b">Feuillet 2010b</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
The Latin epithet
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">hebes</emphasis>
(= dull), refers to the upper surface of the leaves that is not shiny, in contrast with
<taxonomicName authorityName="Feuillet" authorityYear="2011" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Passifloraceae" genus="Dilkea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Malpighiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nitens">Dilkea nitens</taxonomicName>
Feuillet, another species from Loreto described below.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="paratypes">
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Paratypes.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
PERU.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Loreto:</emphasis>
Maynas, District of Iquitos,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
Nanay, quebrada de
<normalizedToken originalValue="Morropón">Morropon</normalizedToken>
, inundated bank, ca. 90 m, 14 Feb 1985, fr.,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">M. Rimachi Y. 7755</emphasis>
(US!; IBE).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<subSubSection id="A0E8B764ABB063E3E48242235AC7D050" pageId="0" pageNumber="8050" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="0C2A42A9F2FA85A4D5D90277D5FC740E" pageId="0" pageNumber="8050">
<taxonomicName id="D1FEA18EA83516ABF8A05D3DCB5A74C7" ID-CoL="55PJV" ID-ENA="1539534" authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetramorium caespitum" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="8050" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caespitum">Tetramorium caespitum (Linnaeus, 1758)</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B031ED04983FF852A0098EA02A04A201" pageId="0" pageNumber="8050" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="C49CB688D63D89874F8B5555F6704274" pageId="0" pageNumber="8050">
<taxonomicName id="C4A5B2E7AC4D17383BB60E60105D1ECF" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Formica caespitum" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="8050" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caespitum">Formica caespitum</taxonomicName>
Linnaeus, 1758
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="09669E2B1CE2242216918643FCF52DE9" pageId="0" pageNumber="8050">
<taxonomicName id="71BCBE81E2FE9372B6F28C0CE6725B90" genus="Vespoidea" lsidName="Vespoidea fusca" pageId="0" pageNumber="8050" rank="species" species="fusca">fusca</taxonomicName>
(Leach, 1825,
<taxonomicName id="F191EBC1E6239790C9EFBF3A9AC0BE81" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Formica" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="8050" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Formica</taxonomicName>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E34CA93578B7192CD64F6EE76A840F22" pageId="0" pageNumber="8050">
<taxonomicName id="808D85AE1D8ECA8F31DD51CFC8DECF92" genus="Vespoidea" lsidName="Vespoidea fuscula" pageId="0" pageNumber="8050" rank="species" species="fuscula">fuscula</taxonomicName>
(Nylander, 1846,
<taxonomicName id="4BF52AB44D156A39F91D46DBC3F0DD7F" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myrmica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Myrmica" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="8050" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Myrmica</taxonomicName>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1FE13656B46BA7ACC370D33ACF151CB7" pageId="0" pageNumber="8050">
<taxonomicName id="878B1A4D007393DC86B469BC1B615E40" genus="Vespoidea" lsidName="Vespoidea modesta" pageId="0" pageNumber="8050" rank="species" species="modesta">modesta</taxonomicName>
(Foerster, 1850,
<taxonomicName id="19654FDAC3FC2E616A487FA0B29F6DCB" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myrmica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Myrmica" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="8050" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Myrmica</taxonomicName>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C92D0FC402B9C196DF92B72615301EBD" pageId="0" pageNumber="8050">
<taxonomicName id="7F69E08B444F5148A4589E37C9CBADDE" genus="Vespoidea" lsidName="Vespoidea himalayanum" pageId="0" pageNumber="8050" rank="species" species="himalayanum">himalayanum</taxonomicName>
Viehmeyer, 1914
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4205494C3567F8C8FA659F9456AE4A7D" pageId="0" pageNumber="8050">
<taxonomicName id="6612B7189D5905EBC61D4C5220C5F132" genus="Vespoidea" lsidName="Vespoidea hammi" pageId="0" pageNumber="8050" rank="species" species="hammi">hammi</taxonomicName>
Donisthorpe, 1915
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2E5A5BE7364F0F3E50FE487927B82F90" pageId="0" pageNumber="8050">
<taxonomicName id="66C7BECFBF852B3AF58AE3E48E57ED5F" genus="Vespoidea" lsidName="Vespoidea immigrans" pageId="0" pageNumber="8050" rank="species" species="immigrans">immigrans</taxonomicName>
Santschi, 1927
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7751E72263BF58AFCCF3615718BEB078" pageId="0" pageNumber="8050">
<taxonomicName id="2C6BAA202E2E9B8973F191ADE1794B56" genus="Vespoidea" lsidName="Vespoidea indocile" pageId="0" pageNumber="8050" rank="species" species="indocile">indocile</taxonomicName>
Santschi, 1927
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F1FA36168E239036A152072BFB726592" pageId="0" pageNumber="8050">
<taxonomicName id="9D1360417BDC8FF331F56F037526934A" genus="Vespoidea" lsidName="Vespoidea transbaicalense" pageId="0" pageNumber="8050" rank="species" species="transbaicalense">transbaicalense</taxonomicName>
Ruzsky, 1936
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="765C7627DF1E7E461EDFB25064758696" pageId="0" pageNumber="8050">
<taxonomicName id="9C4C20FEE349781B087E72453574357B" genus="Vespoidea" lsidName="Vespoidea transversinodis" pageId="0" pageNumber="8050" rank="species" species="transversinodis">transversinodis</taxonomicName>
(Enzmann, 1946,
<taxonomicName id="211585E88F64150BFF691D09904632FC" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myrmica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Myrmica" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="8050" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Myrmica</taxonomicName>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="08FD88BE474226F962DD647C5F8FEFDB" pageId="0" pageNumber="8050">
<taxonomicName id="7A6C0F1FD657E62B431A35AD76795C3F" genus="Vespoidea" lsidName="Vespoidea fusciclavum" pageId="0" pageNumber="8050" rank="species" species="fusciclavum">fusciclavum</taxonomicName>
Consani &amp; Zngheri, 1952
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="991F50A434A93227F53D60AECB645176" pageId="0" pageNumber="8050">
<taxonomicName id="7DFADEF2BE6A14EEFAC96F76162BD50D" genus="Vespoidea" lsidName="Vespoidea jiangxiense" pageId="0" pageNumber="8050" rank="species" species="jiangxiense">jiangxiense</taxonomicName>
Wang &amp; Xiao, 1988
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="974B4222D925722A3C5C856638D50256" pageId="0" pageNumber="8050" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="BDC4AF35C94627C29A5504F946C24855" pageId="0" pageNumber="8050">Distribution</paragraph>
<paragraph id="09BA660C684DD8348EB0A07BECE8D2CF" pageId="0" pageNumber="8050">England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland, Isle of Man</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E26801DA201FC2439DD50BC784B9E3CD" pageId="0" pageNumber="8050" type="notes">
<paragraph id="1BE8D3DD8EB65C2EAE03FF3B97EB1B3C" pageId="0" pageNumber="8050">Notes</paragraph>
<paragraph id="621379E384F90217482A0287E25F1BA8" pageId="0" pageNumber="8050">
<taxonomicName id="5B85639A9BEE3B63F159BAB3D2E22283" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetramorium caespitum" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="8050" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caespitum">Tetramorium caespitum</taxonomicName>
s.l. is now recognised as comprising several species but the species present in Britain is apparently the true
<taxonomicName id="5659B009ED62E81D6C6BD1A32E3BFBE5" genus="Vespoidea" lsidName="Vespoidea caespitum" pageId="0" pageNumber="8050" rank="species" species="caespitum">caespitum</taxonomicName>
, at least on the basis of specimens from southern England (
<bibRefCitation id="0835C3B4B5E1B6466C3395DD575BB5D2" author="Schlick-Steiner, B. C." journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="8050" pagination="259 - 273" title="A multidisciplinary approach reveals cryptic diversity in Western Palearctic Tetramorium ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)" volume="40" year="2006">Schlick-Steiner et al. 2006</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

113
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5.
<taxonomicName LSID="5EE8EA5D-A280-5B4C-BF1A-78F2051B074E" authority="Godwin-Austen, 1915" authorityName="Godwin-Austen" authorityYear="1915" class="Gastropoda" family="Cyclophoridae" genus="Spiraculum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Spiraculum oakesi" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="oakesi">Spiraculum oakesi Godwin-Austen, 1915</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Godwin-Austen" authorityYear="1915" class="Gastropoda" family="Cyclophoridae" genus="Spiraculum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Spiraculum oakesi" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="oakesi">Spiraculum oakesi</taxonomicName>
Godwin-Austen, 1915: 496, pl. 39, fig. 3, 3a.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Godwin-Austen" baseAuthorityYear="1915" class="Gastropoda" family="Cyclophoridae" genus="Pearsonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pearsonia oakesi" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="oakesi">Pearsonia oakesi</taxonomicName>
-
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.842.29243" author="Sutcharit, C" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" pagination="1 - 65" refId="B36" refString="Sutcharit, C, Ablett, JD, Panha, S, 2019. An annotated type catalogue of seven genera of operculate land snails (Caenogastropoda, Cyclophoridae) in the Natural History Museum, London. ZooKeys 842: 1 - 65, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.842.29243" title="An annotated type catalogue of seven genera of operculate land snails (Caenogastropoda, Cyclophoridae) in the Natural History Museum, London." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.842.29243" volume="842" year="2019">Sutcharit et al. 2019</bibRefCitation>
: 43, fig. 10d, e.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="43" type="type material">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Type material.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Lectotype</emphasis>
(design. nov.) NHMUK 1903.7.1.3081/1 (
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: fig. 10d).
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Paralectotypes</emphasis>
NHMUK 1903.7.1.3081/2-5 (4 shells;
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: fig. 10e) from Abor Hills; NZSI (2 shells).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
The type series of this species comprises lot &quot;No. 3081 Brit. Mus.&quot; and two uncatalogued specimens in the Indian Museum. Without any explicit holotype designation or equivalent expression, all specimens are syntypes. However, only specimen lot &quot;No. 3081 Brit. Mus.&quot; was mentioned in the
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Type”">&quot;Type&quot;</normalizedToken>
paragraph, and one specimen from this lot was figured with the annotation
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Type”">&quot;Type&quot;</normalizedToken>
in the plate caption. The author explicitly indicated that five specimens were examined, and type lot NHMUK 1903.7.1.3081 accordingly contains five specimens with a label in
<normalizedToken originalValue="Godwin-Austen’s">Godwin-Austen's</normalizedToken>
handwriting stating
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Type”">&quot;Type&quot;</normalizedToken>
. We hereby designate the specimen from lot NHMUK 1903.7.1.3081 which is figured in the original description and in
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: fig. 10d) as the lectotype (NHMUK 1903.7.1.3081/1) to stabilize the name. This lectotype designation is based on the idea that
<bibRefCitation author="Godwin-Austen, HH" journalOrPublisher="Records of the Indian Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" pagination="493 - 503" refId="B8" refString="Godwin-Austen, HH, 1915. Zoological results of the Abor Expedition 1911-12. XXXIX. Mollusca, III: Cyclophoridae (in part). Records of the Indian Museum 8: 493 - 503" title="Zoological results of the Abor Expedition 1911 - 12. XXXIX. Mollusca, III: Cyclophoridae (in part)." volume="8" year="1915">Godwin-Austen (1915)</bibRefCitation>
selected this specimen lot as onomatophores.
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