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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.76.10298" ID-PMC="PMC5301986" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-76-89" ID-Pensoft-UUID="AE7F1F6BFFD6A2197304FFAE402EFFC1" ID-PubMed="28228688" ID-Zenodo-Dep="250626" ModsDocID="1314-2003-76-89" checkinTime="1484752750450" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Santamaria-Aguilar, Daniel &amp; Lagomarsino, Laura P." docDate="2017" docId="5E580C4D74F4558E87E1956513BC4BFE" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 76: 89-113" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 76" docPubDate="2017-01-18" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.76.10298" docTitle="Protium costaricense (Rose) Engl., Nat. Pflanzenfam., ed. 2 [Engler &amp; Prantl] 19 a: 414. 1931." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" id="AE7F1F6BFFD6A2197304FFAE402EFFC1" lastPageNumber="109" masterDocId="AE7F1F6BFFD6A2197304FFAE402EFFC1" masterDocTitle="Two new species and a new combination in Protium (Burseraceae) from Costa Rica" masterLastPageNumber="113" masterPageNumber="89" pageNumber="106" updateTime="1668141913301" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Two new species and a new combination in Protium (Burseraceae) from Costa Rica</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Santamaria-Aguilar, Daniel</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Current address: Missouri Botanical Garden, P. O. Box 299, St. Louis, Missouri 63166 - 0299, USA</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">daniel.santamaria366@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Lagomarsino, Laura P.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4537-0761</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Missouri Botanical Garden, P. O. Box 299, St. Louis, Missouri 63166 - 0299, USA, and University of Missouri-St. Louis, Biology Department, One University Blvd., Research Building, St. Louis, MO 63121, USA</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2017</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2017-01-18</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>76</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>89</mods:start>
<mods:end>113</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.76.10298</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.76.10298</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-76-89</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">AE7F1F6BFFD6A2197304FFAE402EFFC1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">250626</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<subSection lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="109" pageId="17" pageNumber="106" type="taxonomy">
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="182226325" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5E580C4D74F4558E87E1956513BC4BFE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5E580C4D74F4558E87E1956513BC4BFE" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="109" pageId="17" pageNumber="106">
<subSubSection pageId="17" pageNumber="106" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="106">
<taxonomicName LSID="5E580C4D-74F4-558E-87E1-956513BC4BFE" authority="(Rose) Engl., Nat. Pflanzenfam., ed. 2 [Engler &amp; Prantl] 19 a: 414. 1931." authorityName="(Rose) Engl., Nat. Pflanzenfam., ed. 2 [Engler &amp; Prantl] 19 a: 414. 1931." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Burseraceae" genus="Protium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Protium costaricense" order="Sapindales" pageId="17" pageNumber="106" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="costaricense">Protium costaricense (Rose) Engl., Nat. Pflanzenfam., ed. 2 [Engler &amp; Prantl] 19a: 414. 1931.</taxonomicName>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Types of Protium brenesii (A) and Protium costaricense (B). Images courtesy of Museo Nacional de Costa Rica." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.76.10298.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/118612" pageId="17" pageNumber="106">Figs 8B</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Distribution of Protium brenesii and Protium costaricense." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.76.10298.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/118613" pageId="17" pageNumber="106">, 9</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="18" pageNumber="107" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="107">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Rose" authorityYear="1911" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Burseraceae" genus="Icica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Icica costaricensis" order="Sapindales" pageId="18" pageNumber="107" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="costaricensis">
<pageBreakToken pageId="18" pageNumber="107" start="start">Icica</pageBreakToken>
costaricensis
</taxonomicName>
Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 25(3): 259. 1911. Type. COSTA RICA. [Alajuela:] Santa Clara: Las Delicias, [500 m], Jan 1897 [♀ fl],
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="107">P. Biolley 10665</emphasis>
[
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="107">T. Biolley</emphasis>
(sic), in the protologue] (holotype: US-digital image! [herbarium of Capt. John Donnell Smith, in the protologue]; isotypes: CR!, F!).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="18" pageNumber="107" type="habitat">
<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="107">Habitat and distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="107">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Burseraceae" genus="Protium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Protium costaricense" order="Sapindales" pageId="18" pageNumber="107" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="costaricense">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="107">Protium costaricense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
it is known from wet forests on the Caribbean slopes of Nicaragua (
<normalizedToken originalValue="Atlántico">Atlantico</normalizedToken>
Sur and
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
San Juan Departments), Panama (
<normalizedToken originalValue="Colón">Colon</normalizedToken>
and
<normalizedToken originalValue="Panamá">Panama</normalizedToken>
Provinces), and Costa Rica. In Costa Rica, it is known from throughout the Caribbean coastal plain in Alajuela and
<normalizedToken originalValue="Limón">Limon</normalizedToken>
Provinces. It grows in primary forest and along river or forest edges, from 0 to 200 m in elevation (reportedly up to 500 m, according to the label of the type).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="18" pageNumber="107" type="phenology">
<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="107">Phenology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="107">Collected with staminate flowers in February and June; pistillate flowers in February, July, and August; and fruits in January and from June to December.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="18" pageNumber="107" type="common name">
<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="107">Common name.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="107">
In Nicaragua, this species is known as alcanfor (
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="107">A. Laguna 73</emphasis>
;
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="107">R. Rueda et al. 5338</emphasis>
). In Costa Rica and Panama, it goes by copal, chutra,
<normalizedToken originalValue="kerosín">kerosin</normalizedToken>
and alcanfor (
<bibRefCitation author="Condit, R" journalOrPublisher="Princeton University Press, Oxford" pageId="20" pageNumber="109" refId="B1" refString="Condit, R, Perez, R, Daguerre, N, 2011. Trees of Panama and Costa Rica. Princeton University Press, Oxford" title="Trees of Panama and Costa Rica" year="2011">Condit et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="109" pageId="18" pageNumber="107" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="107">Additional material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="109" pageId="18" pageNumber="107">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="107">
<collectingCountry name="Nicaragua">NICARAGUA</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingRegion country="Nicaragua" name="Atlantico Sur">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Atlántico">Atlantico</normalizedToken>
Sur
</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
[Zelaya]: Santa Fe,
<normalizedToken originalValue="unión">union</normalizedToken>
del
<normalizedToken originalValue="Caño">Cano</normalizedToken>
Agua
<normalizedToken originalValue="Fría">Fria</normalizedToken>
y Quebrada La Capilla, [
<geoCoordinate degrees="11" direction="north" minutes="41" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="11.683333">11°41'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="084" direction="west" minutes="28" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-84.46667">084°28'W</geoCoordinate>
], [
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" unit="m" value="150.0" valueMax="200.0" valueMin="100.0">100-200 m</quantity>
],
<date value="1982-10-02">02 Oct 1982</date>
(fr),
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="107">A. Laguna 73</emphasis>
(MO).
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="107">
<collectingRegion country="Nicaragua" name="Rio San Juan">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
San Juan
</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
:
<normalizedToken originalValue="Sábalo">Sabalo</normalizedToken>
,
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="km" value="1.0">1 km</quantity>
al norte de
<collectingRegion country="Nicaragua" name="Rio San Juan">
<normalizedToken originalValue="río">rio</normalizedToken>
San Juan
</collectingRegion>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="11" direction="north" minutes="02" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="11.033334">11°02'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="084" direction="west" minutes="27" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-84.45">084°27'W</geoCoordinate>
, [
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="m" value="100.0">100 m</quantity>
],
<date value="1985-07-09" valueMax="1985-07-10" valueMin="1985-07-09">09-10 Jul 1985</date>
(fr),
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="107">P.P. Moreno 26057</emphasis>
(MO); sobre el
<normalizedToken originalValue="río">rio</normalizedToken>
Indio, entre
<collectingRegion country="Nicaragua" name="Rio San Juan">San Juan</collectingRegion>
del Norte Nuevo y La Casa de Narciso Orozco, incluyendo
<normalizedToken originalValue="Caño">Cano</normalizedToken>
Negro,
<geoCoordinate degrees="10" direction="north" minutes="58" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="10.966666">10°58'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="083" direction="west" minutes="44" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-83.73333">083°44'W</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="0.0" unit="m" value="50.0" valueMax="100.0" valueMin="0.0">0-100 m</quantity>
,
<date value="1994-07-01">01 Jul 1994</date>
(
<specimenCount>♀</specimenCount>
fl),
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="107">R. Rueda et al. 1612</emphasis>
(MO); Reserva
<normalizedToken originalValue="Indio-Maíz">Indio-Maiz</normalizedToken>
, Mpio. de
<collectingRegion country="Nicaragua" name="Rio San Juan">San Juan</collectingRegion>
del Norte, Laguna de Silico,
<geoCoordinate degrees="10" direction="north" minutes="51" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="10.85">10°51'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="083" direction="west" minutes="46" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-83.76667">083°46'W</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="0.0" unit="m" value="5.0" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="0.0">0-10 m</quantity>
,
<date value="1996-08-02">02 Aug 1996</date>
(fr),
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="107">R. Rueda et al. 4850</emphasis>
(MO); Reserva
<normalizedToken originalValue="Indio-Maíz">Indio-Maiz</normalizedToken>
, Mpio. de El Castillo, a lo largo del
<normalizedToken originalValue="río">rio</normalizedToken>
Bartola entre el
<normalizedToken originalValue="caño">cano</normalizedToken>
la Lar
<pageBreakToken pageId="19" pageNumber="108" start="start">garta</pageBreakToken>
y la cabecera del
<normalizedToken originalValue="río">rio</normalizedToken>
Bartola,
<geoCoordinate degrees="11" direction="north" minutes="16" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="11.266666">11°16'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="084" direction="west" minutes="16" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-84.26667">084°16'W</geoCoordinate>
, [
<quantity metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="5.0" unit="m" value="75.0" valueMax="100.0" valueMin="50.0">50-100 m</quantity>
],
<date value="1996-12-29">29 Dec 1996</date>
(fr),
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="108">R. Rueda et al. 5127</emphasis>
(MO); Reserva
<normalizedToken originalValue="Indio-Maíz">Indio-Maiz</normalizedToken>
, Mpio. de El Castillo, a
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" unit="km" value="8.0">8 km</quantity>
de la cabecera del
<normalizedToken originalValue="río">rio</normalizedToken>
Bartola, en
<normalizedToken originalValue="dirección">direccion</normalizedToken>
al Cerro el Diablo,
<geoCoordinate degrees="11" direction="north" minutes="01" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="11.016666">11°01'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="084" direction="west" minutes="14" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-84.23333">084°14'W</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" unit="m" value="120.0">120 m</quantity>
,
<date value="1997-01-04">04 Jan 1997</date>
(fr),
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="108">R. Rueda et al. 5338</emphasis>
(MO); Reserva
<normalizedToken originalValue="Indio-Maíz">Indio-Maiz</normalizedToken>
, Mpio. de El Castillo,
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" unit="km" value="3.0">3 km</quantity>
al norte de la desembocadura del
<normalizedToken originalValue="Caño">Cano</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Chontaleño">Chontaleno</normalizedToken>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="11" direction="north" minutes="05" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="11.083333">11°05'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="084" direction="west" minutes="15" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-84.25">084°15'W</geoCoordinate>
,
<date value="1997-02-24">24 Feb 1997</date>
(
<specimenCount>♂</specimenCount>
fl),
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="108">R. Rueda et al. 6285</emphasis>
(MO); Mpio. El Castillo, Reserva
<normalizedToken originalValue="Indio-Maíz">Indio-Maiz</normalizedToken>
,
<collectingRegion country="Nicaragua" name="Rio San Juan">
<normalizedToken originalValue="río">rio</normalizedToken>
San Juan
</collectingRegion>
, entre la desembocadura del
<normalizedToken originalValue="río">rio</normalizedToken>
Bartola y el
<normalizedToken originalValue="Caño">Cano</normalizedToken>
Sarnoso,
<geoCoordinate degrees="10" direction="north" minutes="56" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="10.933333">10°56'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="084" direction="west" minutes="20" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-84.333336">084°20'W</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="m" value="100.0">100 m</quantity>
,
<date value="1998-12-04">04 Dec 1998</date>
(fr),
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="108">R. Rueda et al. 9462</emphasis>
(MO).
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="108">
<collectingCountry name="Costa Rica">COSTA RICA</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="108">
<collectingRegion country="Costa Rica" name="Alajuela">Alajuela</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
: along road between
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cañas">Canas</normalizedToken>
(
<collectingRegion country="Costa Rica" name="Guanacaste">Guanacaste</collectingRegion>
) and Upala, near
<normalizedToken originalValue="río">rio</normalizedToken>
Zapote,
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="2.7" metricValueMin="1.8" unit="km" value="2.25" valueMax="2.7" valueMin="1.8">1.8-2.7 km</quantity>
south of
<normalizedToken originalValue="río">rio</normalizedToken>
Canalete, ca.
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="m" value="100.0">100 m</quantity>
,
<date value="1976-06-25">25 Jun 1976</date>
(
<specimenCount>♂</specimenCount>
fl),
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="108">T.B. Croat 36355</emphasis>
(MO, NY-digital image); San Carlos, San Luis de Cutris,
<date value="1983-09-23">23 Sep 1983</date>
(fr),
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="108">L.J. Poveda 3663</emphasis>
(USJ).
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="108">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Limón">
<collectingRegion country="Costa Rica" name="Limon">Limon</collectingRegion>
</normalizedToken>
</emphasis>
:
<normalizedToken originalValue="cantón">canton</normalizedToken>
de
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pococí">Pococi</normalizedToken>
, Refugio Nacional de Fauna Silvestre Barra del Colorado, Sardinas,
<geoCoordinate degrees="10" direction="north" minutes="38" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="24" value="10.64">10°38'24&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="083" direction="west" minutes="43" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="48" value="-83.73">083°43'48&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" unit="m" value="15.0">15 m</quantity>
,
<date value="1992-11-25">25 Nov 1992</date>
(fr),
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="108">F. Araya 61</emphasis>
(CR, MO, NY-digital image); Refugio Nacional de Fauna Silvestre Barra del Colorado, Puerto Lindo,
<geoCoordinate degrees="10" direction="north" minutes="41" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="24" value="10.690001">10°41'24&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="083" direction="west" minutes="39" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="00" value="-83.65">083°39'00&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" unit="m" value="200.0">200 m</quantity>
,
<date value="1995-07-24">24 Jul 1995</date>
(fr),
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="108">F. Araya &amp; J. Corrales 803</emphasis>
(MO, NY-digital image); Southwestern-most ridge of Cerro Coronel, NW-facing slope, just S of the
<normalizedToken originalValue="río">rio</normalizedToken>
Colorado,
<geoCoordinate degrees="10" direction="north" minutes="40" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="30" value="10.675">10°40'30&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="083" direction="west" minutes="39" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="30" value="-83.65833">083°39'30&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="1.0" unit="m" value="45.0" valueMax="80.0" valueMin="10.0">10-80 m</quantity>
,
<date value="1986-09-17" valueMax="1986-09-18" valueMin="1986-09-17">17-18 Sep 1986</date>
(fr),
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="108">G. Davidse &amp; G. Herrera 31469</emphasis>
(MO); Hacienda Tapezco-Hds, La Suerte, 29 air km W of Tortuguero,
<geoCoordinate degrees="10" direction="north" minutes="30" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="10.5">10°30'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="083" direction="west" minutes="47" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-83.78333">083°47'W</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" unit="m" value="40.0">40 m</quantity>
,
<date value="1979-08-20">20 Aug 1979</date>
(
<specimenCount>♀</specimenCount>
fl),
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="108">C. Davidson &amp; J. Donahue 8514</emphasis>
(MO); Parque Nacional Tortuguero,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Estación">Estacion</normalizedToken>
Agua
<normalizedToken originalValue="Fría">Fria</normalizedToken>
,
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" unit="km" value="3.0">3 km</quantity>
al Sur, Sendero Real,
<geoCoordinate degrees="10" direction="north" minutes="27" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="10.45">10°27'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="083" direction="west" minutes="34" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-83.566666">083°34'W</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" unit="m" value="40.0">40 m</quantity>
,
<date value="1988-01-18">18 Jan 1988</date>
(fr),
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="108">R. Robles 1624</emphasis>
(MO, NY-digital image); Refugio Nacional de Fauna Silvestre Barra del Colorado, sector
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cocorí">Cocori</normalizedToken>
,
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" unit="km" value="30.0">30 km</quantity>
N de Cariari,
<geoCoordinate degrees="10" direction="north" minutes="35" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="40" value="10.594444">10°35'40&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="083" direction="west" minutes="48" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="00" value="-83.8">083°48'00&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="m" value="100.0">100 m</quantity>
,
<date value="1991-06-15">15 Jun 1991</date>
(fr),
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="108">E. Rojas 227</emphasis>
(CR, MO, NY-digital image);
<normalizedToken originalValue="río">rio</normalizedToken>
Santa Clara, 1
<normalizedToken originalValue="½">
1/
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.218688" unit="mi" value="2.0">2 mi</quantity>
</normalizedToken>
NW. of Los Diamantes, ne. of
<normalizedToken originalValue="Guápiles">Guapiles</normalizedToken>
, ca.
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.98704" unit="ft" value="980.0">980 ft</quantity>
[
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.98" unit="m" value="298.0">298 m</quantity>
],
<date value="1961-08-18">18 Aug 1961</date>
(fr),
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="108">G.B. Rossbach 3823</emphasis>
(GH); Cerro Coronel, E of
<normalizedToken originalValue="río">rio</normalizedToken>
Zapote,
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="km" value="1.0">1 km</quantity>
of
<normalizedToken originalValue="río">rio</normalizedToken>
Colorado,
<geoCoordinate degrees="10" direction="north" minutes="40" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="10.666667">10°40'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="083" direction="west" minutes="40" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-83.666664">083°40'W</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="1.0" unit="m" value="25.0" valueMax="40.0" valueMin="10.0">10-40 m</quantity>
,
<date value="1986-09-13" valueMax="1986-09-14" valueMin="1986-09-13">13-14 Sep 1986</date>
(fr),
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="108">W.D. Stevens &amp; O.M. Montiel 24333</emphasis>
(MO); Pueblo Nuevo,
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" unit="km" value="17.0">17 km</quantity>
NE of
<normalizedToken originalValue="Guácimo">Guacimo</normalizedToken>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="10" direction="north" minutes="20" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="10.333333">10°20'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="083" direction="west" minutes="36" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-83.6">083°36'W</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="m" value="100.0">100 m</quantity>
,
<date value="1994-09-07">07 Sep 1994</date>
(fr),
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="108">K. Thomsen 1112</emphasis>
(CR, NY-digital image).
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="108">
<collectingCountry name="Panama">PANAMA</collectingCountry>
.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Colón">
<collectingRegion country="Panama" name="Colon">Colon</collectingRegion>
</normalizedToken>
</emphasis>
: Donoso,
<normalizedToken originalValue="río">rio</normalizedToken>
Hoja, UTM: E544656; N985023 [
<geoCoordinate degrees="08" direction="north" minutes="54" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="39" value="8.910833">08°54'39&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="080" direction="west" minutes="35" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="38" value="-80.593895">080°35'38&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
],
<date value="2009-08-23">23 Aug 2009</date>
(fr),
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="108">
B.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Araúz">Arauz</normalizedToken>
&amp; J. De Gracia 2118
</emphasis>
(MO).
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="108">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Panamá">
<collectingRegion country="Panama" name="Panama">Panama</collectingRegion>
</normalizedToken>
</emphasis>
: Zona del Canal: Barro Colorado Island, Frank Drayton Trail, [
<geoCoordinate degrees="09" direction="north" minutes="09" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="15" value="9.154166">09°09'15&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="079" direction="west" minutes="51" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="05" value="-79.85139">079°51'05&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
], [
<quantity metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" metricValueMax="15.0" metricValueMin="1.0" unit="m" value="80.0" valueMax="150.0" valueMin="10.0">10-150 m</quantity>
],
<date value="1968-05-22">22 May 1968</date>
(fl bud),
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="108">T.B. Croat 5769</emphasis>
(MO); Barro Colorado Island, William Morton Wheeler Trail, [
<geoCoordinate degrees="09" direction="north" minutes="09" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="20" value="9.155555">09°09'20&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="079" direction="west" minutes="51" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="10" value="-79.852776">079°51'10&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
], [
<quantity metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" metricValueMax="17.0" metricValueMin="1.0" unit="m" value="90.0" valueMax="170.0" valueMin="10.0">10-170 m</quantity>
],
<date value="1968-09-22">22 Sep 1968</date>
(fr),
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="108">T.B. Croat 6295</emphasis>
(MO); Barro Colorado Island, Drayton House, [
<geoCoordinate degrees="09" direction="north" minutes="08" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="29" value="9.141389">09°08'29&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="079" direction="west" minutes="50" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="35" value="-79.843056">079°50'35&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
], [
<quantity metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="m" value="10.0">10 m</quantity>
],
<date value="1969-02-28">28 Feb 1969</date>
(st),
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="108">T.B. Croat 8262</emphasis>
(MO); Barro Colorado Island, Drayton House, [
<geoCoordinate degrees="09" direction="north" minutes="08" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="29" value="9.141389">09°08'29&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="079" direction="west" minutes="50" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="35" value="-79.843056">079°50'35&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
], [
<quantity metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="m" value="10.0">10 m</quantity>
],
<date value="1970-07-16">16 Jul 1970</date>
(fr),
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="108">T.B. Croat 11337</emphasis>
(F, MO); Drayton House, [
<geoCoordinate degrees="09" direction="north" minutes="08" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="29" value="9.141389">09°08'29&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="079" direction="west" minutes="50" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="35" value="-79.843056">079°50'35&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
], [
<quantity metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="0.0" unit="m" value="2.5" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="0.0">0-5 m</quantity>
],
<date value="1970-08-28">28 Aug 1970</date>
(fr),
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="108">T.B. Croat 11939</emphasis>
(MO); Barro Colorado Island, James Zetek Trail, [
<geoCoordinate degrees="09" direction="north" minutes="09" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="31" value="9.15861">09°09'31&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="079" direction="west" minutes="52" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="05" value="-79.86806">079°52'05&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
], [
<quantity metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="1.0" unit="m" value="55.0" valueMax="100.0" valueMin="10.0">10-100 m</quantity>
],
<date value="1971-06-07">07 Jun 1971</date>
(
<specimenCount>♂</specimenCount>
fl),
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="108">T.B. Croat 14926</emphasis>
(F, GH, MO-2 sheets); Barro Colorado Island, Drayton House,
<date value="1969-07-06">06 Jul 1969</date>
(fr),
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="108">R. Foster 1093</emphasis>
(F, GH); Pipeline Road,
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.437376" unit="mi" value="4.0">4 mi.</quantity>
N of Gamboa, [
<geoCoordinate degrees="09" direction="north" minutes="10" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="9.166667">09°10'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="079" direction="west" minutes="46" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-79.76667">079°46'W</geoCoordinate>
], [
<quantity metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="5.0" unit="m" value="75.0" valueMax="100.0" valueMin="50.0">50-100 m</quantity>
],
<date value="1971-12-21">21 Dec 1971</date>
(st),
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="108">A.H. Gentry 3230</emphasis>
(MO); Pipeline Road, [
<geoCoordinate degrees="09" direction="north" minutes="10" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="9.166667">09°10'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="079" direction="west" minutes="46" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-79.76667">079°46'W</geoCoordinate>
],
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="m" value="100.0">100 m</quantity>
,
<date value="1971-08-10">10 Aug 1971</date>
(fr),
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="109">
<pageBreakToken pageId="20" pageNumber="109" start="start">E</pageBreakToken>
. Lao et al. 16
</emphasis>
(GH, MO-2 sheets); Pipeline Road,
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.66" unit="km" value="16.6">16.6 km</quantity>
from beginning of road, N along
<normalizedToken originalValue="río">rio</normalizedToken>
Agua Salud, [
<geoCoordinate degrees="09" direction="north" minutes="14" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="38" value="9.243889">09°14'38&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="079" direction="west" minutes="48" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="57" value="-79.815834">079°48'57&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
],
<quantity metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="0.0" unit="m" value="50.0" valueMax="100.0" valueMin="0.0">0-100 m</quantity>
,
<date value="1974-09-22">22 Sep 1974</date>
(fr),
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="109">S.A. Mori &amp; J.A. Kallunki 2039</emphasis>
(GH, MO); along
<normalizedToken originalValue="río">rio</normalizedToken>
Mendosa near Pipeline Road,
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" unit="km" value="8.0">8 km</quantity>
NW of Gamboa, [
<geoCoordinate degrees="09" direction="north" minutes="09" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="36" value="9.16">09°09'36&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="079" direction="west" minutes="44" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="44" value="-79.74555">079°44'44&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
],
<quantity metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" unit="m" value="95.0">95 m</quantity>
,
<date value="1973-11-01">01 Nov 1973</date>
(fr),
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="109">M. Nee 7743</emphasis>
(MO); Isla Barro Colorado,
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" unit="m" value="120.0">120 m</quantity>
,
<date value="2006-10-12">12 Oct 2006</date>
(fr),
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="109">
R.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pérez">Perez</normalizedToken>
&amp; S. Aguilar 1632
</emphasis>
(MO); Barro Colorado Island, W of Drayton House, [
<geoCoordinate degrees="09" direction="north" minutes="08" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="29" value="9.141389">09°08'29&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="079" direction="west" minutes="50" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="35" value="-79.843056">079°50'35&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
], [
<quantity metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="0.0" unit="m" value="5.0" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="0.0">0-10 m</quantity>
],
<date value="1932-02-16">16 Feb 1932</date>
(
<specimenCount>♀</specimenCount>
fl),
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="109">R.H. Woodworth &amp; P.A. Vestal 605</emphasis>
(A, MO).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="109">
The pseudarils of
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Burseraceae" genus="Protium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Protium costaricense" order="Sapindales" pageId="20" pageNumber="109" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="costaricense">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="109">Protium costaricense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are reported to have a pleasant flavor (
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="109">L.J. Poveda 3663</emphasis>
, USJ).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</subSection>
</document>

111
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Tribe
<taxonomicName id="0940CC4613F40F36DA8FE95CC03C3AB1" ID-CoL="8X6ND" authority="Fenyes, 1921" authorityName="Fenyes" authorityYear="1921" lsidName="" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" rank="tribe" tribe="Leucocraspedini">Leucocraspedini Fenyes, 1921</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
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Fenyes, 1921: 34 [stem: Leucocrasped-]. Type genus:
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Kraatz, 1859.
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<mods:title id="850AF22876D9F8275D642DC4A6191AD2">Simpsonichthys radiosus sp. n. (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae): a new annual killifish from the upper Rio Tocantins basin, central Brazil.</mods:title>
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<paragraph id="2612B0A413284AB6EEB003999EB72C98" pageNumber="5">
Key to species of the
<taxonomicName id="AC68146C0138874F6BA444F1ED973728" ID-CoL="4XG5L" family="Rivulidae" genus="Simpsonichthys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="notatus">S. notatus group</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="582FF0717BE6B097203338C5265BC4ED" pageNumber="5">1 Dorsal and anal fins pointed in male; 3 + 8-10 gill-rakers on first branchial arch; never bars on caudal fin in male; flank with rounded dark gray spots and without iridescent marks in female ............................................................................................................. 2</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3EC7CF79B312EB0B2F3D262F96749306" lastPageNumber="6" pageNumber="5">
- Dorsal and anal fins rounded in male; 4 + 13 gill-rakers on the first branchial arch; caudal fin with blue bars in male; flank with dark gray bars, silver bars on median portion and anterocentral black blotch with wide bluish silver to light golden contour in female .......................................................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="A9CBC2F42D6C30FED150AE5329E23899" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C2C14E47-3B21-4111-9EAC-E384DDD527DF" family="Rivulidae" genus="Simpsonichthys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Simpsonichthys ocellatus Costa, Nielsen &amp; de Luca 2001:25" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ocellatus">S. ocellatus</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A9401248AF1037E3420A2A6EE6B09D8A" pageNumber="6">2 Black blotch on anterocentral portion of flank in male.................................................4</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C97396F44B1E7BAD13BAFD487DE2C5C3" pageNumber="6">- No black blotch on flank in male..................................................................................3</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4190A28245441D40DE2854ED36DB3E0E" pageNumber="6">
3 Distal dark gray to black stripe on anal fin in male; bright blue spots alternating with black interspace on dorsal-fin base in male; caudal fin brownish red in male; anal-fin origin between pleural ribs of vertebrae 7 and 9 in male, and 9 and 10 in female......... ........................................................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="2FEB8B51A83B80F67D9C19C3BA31B788" family="Rivulidae" genus="Simpsonichthys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stellatus">S. stellatus</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B8F73D32B635DA37570F07EE80FA9E9F" pageNumber="6">
- No distal stripe on male anal fin; bright blue dots on entire dorsal fin in male; caudal fin brownish yellow in male; anal-fin origin between pleural ribs of vertebrae 9 and 10 in male, and 11 and 12 in female.........................................................................
<taxonomicName id="1DFC6ADA9849112E569C3010ED8DBAB2" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:18CCA4BB-6D66-4288-8A7E-DDDCE377B762" family="Rivulidae" genus="Simpsonichthys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Simpsonichthys rufus Costa, Nielsen &amp; de Luca 2001:29" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rufus">S. rufus</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="207A3D24F1C4AF819D195C5152B12335" pageNumber="6">4 Anal fin with bright dots and no bars in male; no distal stripe on dorsal fin in male ... 6</paragraph>
<paragraph id="473E9D2E3C7FC13011EB16C96E481775" pageNumber="6">- Anal fin with oblique dark gray bars and no bright dots in male; bright blue stripe on distal edge of dorsal fin in male....................................................................................5</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DA3276401319D6764E0D4E2F1C6A85EB" pageNumber="6">
5 Caudal fin with blue dots and marginal blue stripe on dorsal half in male; blue dots over entire flank in male; tip of pectoral fin reaching between base of 5th and 7th analfin rays in male................................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="A9DD8C91CE3093D19549D5EB47F25025" family="Rivulidae" genus="Simpsonichthys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="notatus">S. notatus</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F795C5DD198A7D08D2A93E725D82983F" pageNumber="6">
- Caudal fin with light blue stripes parallel to fin rays, alternating with subdistal rounded light blue spots in male; tip of pectoral fin reaching between base of 1st and 3rd anal-fin rays in male................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="136900C96631E85CCD14C2F5C5FFA4F5" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:EF5088C8-DD0A-40DC-BE9A-1D7EE399B7A8" family="Rivulidae" genus="Simpsonichthys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Simpsonichthys radiosus Costa &amp; Brasil 2004:2" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="radiosus">S. radiosus</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="84BED8245E8746B9092C49702D742946" pageNumber="6">6 Anterior portion of flank bright golden in male; humeral dark brown blotch in male ... ...................................................................................................................................... 7</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D29DEEF5C1482E0C0D4FB1FC9B78FCAD" pageNumber="6">
- Anterior portion of flank dark metallic yellow ochre in male; no humeral marks.......... ...........................................................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="40BAA2624885D29BFCDFF286A1FE90E9" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:2D6458F5-F74B-44D9-AEAE-99DBA1177C83" family="Rivulidae" genus="Simpsonichthys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Simpsonichthys similis Costa &amp; Hellner 1999:90" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="similis">S. similis</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="162A3E688192DC86BFADBBCA279FB264" pageNumber="6">
7 Five pelvic-fin rays; three purplish brown stripes on posterior portion of flank in male; no dark brown blotch on anteroventral portion of flank in male................
<taxonomicName id="42CF1268BAE6C6462AA3A4B09252601F" family="Rivulidae" genus="Simpsonichthys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trilineatus">S. trilineatus</taxonomicName>
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<paragraph id="787E02876CF13152DE9B18F5579CC83E" pageNumber="6">
- Six pelvic-fin rays; purplish brown bars on posterior portion of flank in male; dark brown blotch on anteroventral portion of flank in male..................................
<taxonomicName id="0CC972E2C2E4DDD0D27388273738B624" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:F7F23E1E-43B7-4C5B-8867-BDFBF5675CD4" family="Rivulidae" genus="Simpsonichthys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Simpsonichthys auratus Costa &amp; Nielsen 2000:8" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="auratus">S. auratus</taxonomicName>
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</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3892A99B28713258BD4A91FBA526FF21" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8A4104B1017980CFD5F82CF3283FBAB8" pageNumber="6">Discussion</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9FB5A0B4F0B675559CBA0459B22D5373" lastPageNumber="7" pageNumber="6">
Monophyly of the
<taxonomicName id="7CE94D46524D5C48A40C8A8E35E4BD55" family="Rivulidae" genus="Simpsonichthys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="notatus">S. notatus species group</taxonomicName>
is supported by a single synapomorphy, the A- pattern frontal squamation (Costa, 2003). This pattern differs markedly from the pattern of other congeners by the median A-frontal scale having all margins free, while in other species the whole scale margin is free in the paired E-frontal scale. The A-pattern never occurs in genera closely related to
<taxonomicName id="144EEC7ACF652C598DC07CAB01855ED2" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:BD08FA7B-788B-4285-9548-0F120F97465D" family="Rivulidae" genus="Simpsonichthys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Simpsonichthys Carvalho 1959:2" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Simpsonichthys</taxonomicName>
such as
<taxonomicName id="D5D699FC2F9D81B4B143D47AA0BB796A" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:4ECB6721-F186-470F-BF8F-5495ADE351AB" family="Rivulidae" genus="Cynolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Cynolebias Steindachner 1876:172" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Cynolebias Steindachner</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="59B13711CD8DF741201665BF4C8D1ECD" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:88823811-072D-4E95-AB68-11E30A796DE0" family="Rivulidae" genus="Megalebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Megalebias Costa 1998:76" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Megalebias Costa</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="7BC8387053258AF2FD7DA3D92D9CFF97" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:AA9F26E7-8843-4CAD-8100-4C06857E5AA4" family="Rivulidae" genus="Austrolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Austrolebias Costa 1998:75" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Austrolebias Costa</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="7CDFD2E8A312FA2E5E614CB2F5DFA0A1" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:E7188589-1C4C-45CC-B6E9-F46B1BE6BCEB" family="Rivulidae" genus="Cynopoecilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Cynopoecilus Regan 1912:642" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Cynopoecilus Regan</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="FE77E3DF140B43452668F60A96CAC3E3" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:861CC503-1469-43AA-AB09-4203A97B151C" family="Rivulidae" genus="Campellolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Campellolebias Vaz-Ferreira &amp; Sierra de Soriano 1974:14" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Campellolebias Vaz-Ferreira &amp; Sierra</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="EE58329D6318B902973CBA0C18F211EF" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:CE400DE5-780B-498C-81D5-B7A4D36C7B18" family="Rivulidae" genus="Leptolebias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Leptolebias Cynolebias Myers 1952:140" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Leptolebias Myers</taxonomicName>
(Costa, 1998, 2001, 2002), thus considered an unambiguous synapomorphy of the
<taxonomicName id="B6DBE77B01CA554B870D8042DA1E50FB" family="Rivulidae" genus="Simpsonichthys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="notatus">S. notatus species group</taxonomicName>
(Costa, 2003). However, relationships among species of the
<taxonomicName id="48DE55D1A56937D873419FD6B6CCB67D" family="Rivulidae" genus="Simpsonichthys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="notatus">S. notatus group</taxonomicName>
are still not clear at the present, with some potentially informative characters having great variability in outgroups. An exception is the distal blue stripe on the dorsal fin in males uniquely shared by
<taxonomicName id="D47575C93C187DFBE45BD827E4312066" family="Rivulidae" genus="Simpsonichthys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="notatus">S. notatus</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4546AB01ACE4E07FD815DCB87FA542E6" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:EF5088C8-DD0A-40DC-BE9A-1D7EE399B7A8" family="Rivulidae" genus="Simpsonichthys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Simpsonichthys radiosus Costa &amp; Brasil 2004:2" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="radiosus">S. radiosus</taxonomicName>
, the only two species of the
<taxonomicName id="D79EB4FA07D5C49B26B0F168188717C6" family="Rivulidae" genus="Simpsonichthys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="notatus">S. notatus group</taxonomicName>
endemic to the upper Rio Tocantins basin, suggesting a sister group relationship between these two taxa. However, since a phylogenetic analysis is beyond the scope the present study, variability of all character states necessary to erect hypotheses of relationships of
<taxonomicName id="5B3CE6670AE4ACF51871540FB9961C5C" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:EF5088C8-DD0A-40DC-BE9A-1D7EE399B7A8" family="Rivulidae" genus="Simpsonichthys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Simpsonichthys radiosus Costa &amp; Brasil 2004:2" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="radiosus">S. radiosus</taxonomicName>
with other congeners is not discussed here.
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1099">
<taxonomicName authority="Pursh" class="Liliopsida" family="Iridaceae" genus="Iris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Iris tridentata" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1099" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tridentata">Iris tridentata Pursh</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1099" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1099">Distribution</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1099">Wet pine flatwoods (WPF-T), wet pine savannas (SPS-T, SPS-RF, WLPS, VWLPS).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1099" type="notes">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1099">Notes</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1099">
Occasional. Late
<normalizedToken originalValue="May–Jun">May-Jun</normalizedToken>
;
<normalizedToken originalValue="Aug–Oct">Aug-Oct</normalizedToken>
. Thornhill 317, 351, 380, 384, 1300 (NCSC). Specimens seen in the vicinity: Sandy Run [Hancock]: Taggart SARU 175 (WNC!); Sandy Run [Neck]: Levy s.n. (DUKE!), Wilbur 55316 (DUKE!). [= RAB, FNA, Weakley]
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>