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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.97.68000" ID-GBIF-Dataset="617dbf89-ec8b-48a2-a13e-ea581e42aecc" ID-GBIF-Taxon="184132905" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1860-0743-2-407" ID-Pensoft-UUID="9446F0CE40A752B4897F7B7B71BBFD29" ID-ZooBank="DC2EBA6293A141938ADC2A79F7D658B9" ModsDocID="1860-0743-97-2-407" checkinTime="1628790185545" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Tillack, Frank, Ruiter, Ronald de &amp; Roedel, Mark-Oliver" docDate="2021" docId="5E4D124960A65452B811A6FD3B8F5359" docLanguage="en" docName="ZoosystEvol 97(2): 407-450" docOrigin="Zoosystematics and Evolution 97 (2)" docPubDate="2021-08-10" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.97.68000" docTitle="Hyperolius scheffleri Ahl 1931" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" id="9446F0CE40A752B4897F7B7B71BBFD29" lastPageNumber="407" masterDocId="9446F0CE40A752B4897F7B7B71BBFD29" masterDocTitle="A type catalogue of the reed frogs (Amphibia, Anura, Hyperoliidae) in the collection of the Museum fuer Naturkunde Berlin (ZMB) with comments on historical collectors and expeditions" masterLastPageNumber="450" masterPageNumber="407" pageId="0" pageNumber="407" updateTime="1643430994971" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>A type catalogue of the reed frogs (Amphibia, Anura, Hyperoliidae) in the collection of the Museum fuer Naturkunde Berlin (ZMB) with comments on historical collectors and expeditions</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Tillack, Frank</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Museum fuer Naturkunde Berlin, Leibniz-Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Invalidenstrasse 43, 10115 Berlin, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart>Ruiter, Ronald de</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Nederlands Openluchtmuseum, Hoeferlaan 4, 6816 SG Arnhem, The Netherlands</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart>Roedel, Mark-Oliver</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Museum fuer Naturkunde Berlin, Leibniz-Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Invalidenstrasse 43, 10115 Berlin, Germany</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">mo.roedel@mfn-berlin.de</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<taxonomicName LSID="5E4D1249-60A6-5452-B811-A6FD3B8F5359" authority="Ahl, 1931 a: 111." authorityName="Ahl" authorityYear="1931" class="Reptilia" family="Hyperoliidae" genus="Hyperolius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hyperolius scheffleri" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="407" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scheffleri">Hyperolius scheffleri Ahl, 1931a: 111.</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="407" type="holotype">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="407">Holotype.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="407">ZMB 85759, &quot;Kibwezi, Britisch-Ost-Afrika&quot; [Kibwezi Division, Makueni County, Kenya], coll. Georg Richard Otto Scheffler, 28.-29.XII.1905.</paragraph>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="407" type="present name">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="407">Present name.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="407">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1878" class="Reptilia" family="Hyperoliidae" genus="Hyperolius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hyperolius glandicolor" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="407" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="glandicolor">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="407">Hyperolius glandicolor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Peters, 1878.
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="407" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="407">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="407">
Scheffler worked from 1899 to 1900 as a horticulturist on plantations of the German East African Society in Usambara (Nguelo and Derema), in the Useguha region [Tanzania] and from 1905 until his death on 10.VI.1911 as a farm manager under managing director Paul Huebner in Kibwezi, British East Africa (
<bibRefCitation author="Urban, I" journalOrPublisher="Petitpierre, Neuchatel" pageId="0" pageNumber="407" refId="B221" refString="Urban, I, 1917. Geschichte des Koeniglichen Botanischen Museums zu Berlin-Dahlem (1815-1913) nebst Aufzaehlung seiner Sammlungen. Beihefte zum Botanischen Centralblatt, 1. Abteilung: Anatomie, Histologie, Morphologie und Physiologie der Pflanzen 34(1/2): 1-457." title="Geschichte des Koeniglichen Botanischen Museums zu Berlin-Dahlem (1815 - 1913) nebst Aufzaehlung seiner Sammlungen. Beihefte zum Botanischen Centralblatt, 1. Abteilung: Anatomie, Histologie, Morphologie und Physiologie der Pflanzen 34 (1 / 2): 1 - 457." year="1917">Urban 1917</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Sieberg, H" journalOrPublisher="Hildesheimer Universitaetsschriften, Band 3" pageId="0" pageNumber="407" refId="B200" refString="Sieberg, H, 1998. Zeitenumbruch in Ostafrika. Sansibar, Kenia und Uganda (1894-1913). Erinnerungen des Kaufmanns R. F. Paul Huebner. Hildesheimer Universitaetsschriften, Band 3" title="Zeitenumbruch in Ostafrika. Sansibar, Kenia und Uganda (1894 - 1913). Erinnerungen des Kaufmanns R. F. Paul Huebner." year="1998">Sieberg 1998</bibRefCitation>
).
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<taxonomicName id="5450E41875D666370BF55377E9CEA74F" ID-CoL="3MPWM" authority="Lamouroux, 1821" authorityName="Lamouroux" authorityYear="1821" class="Stenolaemata" family="Horneridae" genus="Hornera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hornera frondiculata" order="Cyclostomatida" pageId="0" pageNumber="10672" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="frondiculata">Hornera frondiculata Lamouroux, 1821</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="DC7EC855D4E3D44E15111FE700EEBCAD" pageId="0" pageNumber="10672">Notes</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E769EA5D3567EC92A598F92D28021640" pageId="0" pageNumber="10672">
<bibRefCitation id="4DE248268407951911C4B7E964988900" author="Harmelin, J. - G." journalOrPublisher="Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle Serie 2 e" pageId="0" pageNumber="10672" pagination="1179 - 1208" title="Bryozoaires recoltes au cours de la campagne du Jean Charcot en Mediterranee orientale (Aout-Septembre 1967). I. Dragages" volume="40" year="1969">Harmelin 1969</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="940928AC9CB360F6A90EED99E0B7D6EA" author="Ganias, G." journalOrPublisher="University of Athens" pageId="0" pageNumber="10672" title="Contribution to the study of Bryozoa of the Aegean Sea" year="1990">Ganias 1990</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="DF9F9E25D46BFFB8BC21C03997D79BCB" author="Simboura, N." journalOrPublisher="Marine Ecology" pageId="0" pageNumber="10672" pagination="283 - 306" title="Benthic Communities of the lnfralittoral in the N. Sporades (Aegean Sea): a Variety of Biotopes Encountered and Analysed" volume="16" year="1995">Simboura et al. 1995</bibRefCitation>
</paragraph>
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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.44.24998" ID-GBIF-Dataset="26bbead9-f466-4886-bace-a5ed686e5223" ID-PMC="PMC6302069" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-4049-44-1" ID-PubMed="30588166" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2018" ModsDocID="1314-4049-44-1" ModsDocOrigin="MycoKeys 44" ModsDocTitle="Three new species of EntolomasubgenusPouzarella from China based on morphological and molecular data" checkinTime="1555333451517" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="He, Xiao-Lan, Horak, Egon, Wang, Di, Peng, Wei-Hong &amp; Gan, Bing-Cheng" docDate="2018" docId="5E4D4E27A88801D84BC24FC49763503D" docLanguage="en" docName="MycoKeys 44: 1-18" docOrigin="MycoKeys 44" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.44.24998" docTitle="Entoloma griseocarpum Xiao L. He &amp; E. Horak, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="5E6D7C57080B056DFFCCD231FFF6FFE9" masterDocTitle="Three new species of EntolomasubgenusPouzarella from China based on morphological and molecular data" masterLastPageNumber="18" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1668136119543" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:namePart>He, Xiao-Lan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Horak, Egon</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart>Wang, Di</mods:namePart>
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<taxonomicName LSID="828701" authority="Xiao L. He &amp; E. Horak" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Entolomataceae" genus="Entoloma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Entoloma griseocarpum" order="Agaricales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="griseocarpum">Entoloma griseocarpum Xiao L. He &amp; E. Horak</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="1">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Figs 1c, d, 3
</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName lsidName="E. griseocarpum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="griseocarpum">E. griseocarpum</taxonomicName>
is characterised by the greyish-brown pileus, large basidiospores (12.5-15.5
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
7.5-9
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
) and broadly clavate, ovoid to lageniform cheilocystidia.
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
CHINA. TIBET: Linzhi, Lulang,
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="30.566668">29°94'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="95.316666">94°79'E</geoCoordinate>
, elevation ca. 3800 m, 18 September 2014, He X.L. (SAAS 1328, holotype).
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">griseocarpum, refers to the greyish-brown coloured basidiomes.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Pileus 5-20 mm broad, hemispherical, convex, bluntly conic to broadly campanulate, dry, not hygrophanous, greyish-brown to brown (4D3-4E3), densely covered by suberect hispid or minutely squamulose overall, denser in centre; fibrils dark grey, pale grey brownish or concolorous with pileal surface (4D2-4D3), striate from entire margin to near centre. Lamellae sinuate with short decurrent tooth, ventricose, distant, moderately thick, up to 3 mm broad, with two tiers of lamellulae, dark grey to brownish-grey, with entire and concolorous edges. Stipe 20-50
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
0.7-1.5 mm, cylindrical, equal, dry, concolorous with pileus, densely covered with pale yellow brownish flocculose hairs, hollow, with a dirty yellowish to pale yellow brownish strigose base. Context thin, concolorous with pileus. Odour and taste not distinctive.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Basidiospores 12.5-15.5 (-17)
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
(6.5-) 7.5-9 (-9.5)
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
(x = 13.8
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.3
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
8.3
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.3
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
), Q = 1.60-1.94 (Q = 1.71
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.02), heterodiametric, strongly angled in profile and face view with 6-10 facets, appearing nodulose, pale yellow brownish, thick-walled. Basidia 35-55
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
11-13 (-15)
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
, subclavate to clavate, 4-spored. Aborted basidia scattered in the hymenium, filled with dark brown amorphous cytoplasmic pigment. Lamellar trama dark brown, composed of parallel, cylindrical, heavily encrusted and thin-walled elements. Lamellar edges sterile. Cheilocystidia 23-50
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
(10-) 12 20
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
, broadly clavate, ovoid to lageniform; with brownish, intracellular pigment, slightly thick-walled. Pileipellis a trichoderm composed of yellow brown, suberect and multiseptate hyphae, walls heavily encrusted with brown pigment; terminal cells 35-105
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
8-27
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
, cylindrical, subclavate or bullet-shaped, thin to moderately thick-walled; subpellis composed of cylindrical encrusted hyphae, up to 25
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
diam. Stipitipellis composed of yellow-brown encrusted hyphae; terminal cells 40-80
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
4-10
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
, slender cylindrical with obtuse apex, thin-walled, sparsely encrusted with pale yellowish-brown pigment. Oleiferous hyphae absent. Clamp connections absent.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="habitat">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Habitat.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Scattered on soil amongst decaying litter in mixed conifer-broadleaf forest dominated by
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Quercus" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Quercus</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Betulaceae" genus="Betula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Betula" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Betula</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ericaceae" genus="Rhododendron" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Rhododendron" order="Ericales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Rhododendron</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Abies" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Abies" order="Pinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Abies</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="additional collections examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Additional collections examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
CHINA. TIBET: Linzhi, Lulang,
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="30.566668">29°94'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="95.316666">94°79'E</geoCoordinate>
, elevation ca. 3800 m, 18 September 2014, He X.L. (SAAS 1230, SAAS 1657, SAAS 1751, SAAS 1871). SICHUAN PROV.: Jiuzhaigou,
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="33.466667">33°28'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="103.98333">103°59'E</geoCoordinate>
, elevation ca. 3000 m, 20 July 2013, He X.L. (SAAS 951).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="comments">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Comments.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
The greyish-brown pileus covered by suberect hispid or minutely squamulose, the brown external encrustations on pileipellis and stipitipellis and the cylindrical terminal cells of pileipellis and stipitipellis indicate
<taxonomicName lsidName="E. griseocarpum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="griseocarpum">E. griseocarpum</taxonomicName>
belongs to the sect.
<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Entolomataceae" genus="Dysthales" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Dysthales" order="Agaricales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="section" section="Dysthales">Dysthales</taxonomicName>
. It is very similar to
<taxonomicName lsidName="E. albostrigosum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="albostrigosum">E. albostrigosum</taxonomicName>
(Largent &amp; Abell-Davis) Blanco-Dios and
<taxonomicName lsidName="E. lasium" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="lasium">E. lasium</taxonomicName>
(Berk. &amp; Broome) Noordel. &amp; Co-David (
<bibRefCitation author="Largent, DL" journalOrPublisher="The Korean Journal of Mycology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" url="https://doi.org/10.5248/117.435" year="2011">Largent et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
). However,
<taxonomicName lsidName="E. albostrigosum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="albostrigosum">E. albostrigosum</taxonomicName>
is distinguished by the white strigose base and
<taxonomicName lsidName="E. lasium" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="lasium">E. lasium</taxonomicName>
differs by the smaller basidiospores (8.9-14.5
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
5.1-8.7
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Largent, DL" journalOrPublisher="The Korean Journal of Mycology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" url="https://doi.org/10.5248/117.435" year="2011">Largent et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
). In addition, the two species are distant from
<taxonomicName lsidName="E. griseocarpum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="griseocarpum">E. griseocarpum</taxonomicName>
following phylogenetic analysis.
<taxonomicName lsidName="E. puertoricense" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="puertoricense">E. puertoricense</taxonomicName>
Blanco-Dios (as
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. caribaea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="caribaea">P. caribaea</taxonomicName>
T.J. Baroni &amp; B. Ortiz in
<bibRefCitation author="Baroni, TJ" journalOrPublisher="Mycotaxon" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="269 - 279" title="New species of Oudemansiella and Pouzarella (Basidiomycetes: Agaricales) from Puerto Rico." volume="82" year="2002">Baroni and Ortiz 2002</bibRefCitation>
) resembles
<taxonomicName lsidName="E. griseocarpum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="griseocarpum">E. griseocarpum</taxonomicName>
by the brownish-grey coloured basidiomes but is separated by its broader basidiospores (12.5-16.5
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
8.3-11.3
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
, Q = 1.26-1.65,
<bibRefCitation author="Baroni, TJ" journalOrPublisher="Mycotaxon" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="269 - 279" title="New species of Oudemansiella and Pouzarella (Basidiomycetes: Agaricales) from Puerto Rico." volume="82" year="2002">Baroni and Ortiz 2002</bibRefCitation>
). Moreover,
<taxonomicName lsidName="E. puertoricense" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="puertoricense">E. puertoricense</taxonomicName>
was discovered in a tropical habitat in Puerto Rico (
<bibRefCitation author="Baroni, TJ" journalOrPublisher="Mycotaxon" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="269 - 279" title="New species of Oudemansiella and Pouzarella (Basidiomycetes: Agaricales) from Puerto Rico." volume="82" year="2002">Baroni and Ortiz 2002</bibRefCitation>
). The similar
<taxonomicName lsidName="E. japonicum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="japonicum">E. japonicum</taxonomicName>
(Hongo) Hongo, described from Japan, is also reminiscent of
<taxonomicName lsidName="E. griseocarpum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="griseocarpum">E. griseocarpum</taxonomicName>
in the brownish pileus but is distinguished by the much larger basidiospores (15-18.5
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
9-10.5
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Hongo, T" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Japanese Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="239 - 246" title="Notes on Japanese larger fungi." volume="34" year="1959">Hongo 1959</bibRefCitation>
). The well-known
<taxonomicName lsidName="E. dysthales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="dysthales">E. dysthales</taxonomicName>
(Peck) Sacc. also differs by the larger basidiospores (14-20
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
7.5-10
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Mazzer, SJ" journalOrPublisher="Bibliotheca Mycologica" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 134" title="A monographic study of the genus Pouzarella." volume="46" year="1976">Mazzer 1976</bibRefCitation>
).
<taxonomicName lsidName="E. fulvolanatum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="fulvolanatum">E. fulvolanatum</taxonomicName>
(Berk. &amp; Broome) Blanco-Dios from Sri Lanka is not only separated by its type locality but also by the narrower basidiospores measuring 12-16
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
7-8
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Mazzer, SJ" journalOrPublisher="Bibliotheca Mycologica" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 134" title="A monographic study of the genus Pouzarella." volume="46" year="1976">Mazzer 1976</bibRefCitation>
). Two species in subgen.
<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Entolomataceae" genus="Dysthales" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Dysthales (Pouzarella)" order="Agaricales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Pouzarella">Pouzarella</taxonomicName>
, recently described from geographically neighbouring India, viz.
<taxonomicName lsidName="E. peechiense" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="peechiense">E. peechiense</taxonomicName>
K. N. A. Raj &amp; Manim. and
<taxonomicName lsidName="E. silvanum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="silvanum">E. silvanum</taxonomicName>
K. N. A. Raj &amp; Manim., have somewhat similar basidiomes as compared to
<taxonomicName lsidName="E. griseocarpum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="griseocarpum">E. griseocarpum</taxonomicName>
; however, their ITS and LSU sequences are distinctly different (
<bibRefCitation author="Raj, KNA" journalOrPublisher="Phytotaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="101 - 112" title="Four new species of EntolomasubgenusPouzarella from India." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.307.2.1" volume="307" year="2017">Raj and Manimohan 2017</bibRefCitation>
). The third Indian species
<taxonomicName lsidName="E. lomapadum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="lomapadum">E. lomapadum</taxonomicName>
Manim., Joseph &amp; Leelav. is readily recognised by the much smaller basidiospores measuring 11-13
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
6-9
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Manimohan, P" journalOrPublisher="Mycological Research" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1083 - 1097" title="The genus Entoloma in Kerala State, India." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/S0953-7562(09)80777-6" volume="99" year="1995">Manimohan et al. 1995</bibRefCitation>
). There were four other species in subgen.
<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Entolomataceae" genus="Dysthales" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Dysthales (Pouzarella)" order="Agaricales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Pouzarella">Pouzarella</taxonomicName>
which showed some similarities to
<taxonomicName lsidName="E. griseocarpum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="griseocarpum">E. griseocarpum</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName lsidName="E. fibrillosipes" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="fibrillosipes">E. fibrillosipes</taxonomicName>
(Murrill) Noordel. &amp; Co-David is distinguished by the much larger basidiospores (17-22
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
7.5-10
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Mazzer, SJ" journalOrPublisher="Bibliotheca Mycologica" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 134" title="A monographic study of the genus Pouzarella." volume="46" year="1976">Mazzer 1976</bibRefCitation>
).
<taxonomicName lsidName="E. subdeceptivum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="subdeceptivum">E. subdeceptivum</taxonomicName>
Courtec. and
<taxonomicName lsidName="E. rotula" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="rotula">E. rotula</taxonomicName>
(Romagn.) Noordel. &amp; Co-David are lignicolous (
<bibRefCitation author="Mazzer, SJ" journalOrPublisher="Bibliotheca Mycologica" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 134" title="A monographic study of the genus Pouzarella." volume="46" year="1976">Mazzer 1976</bibRefCitation>
).
<taxonomicName lsidName="E. homomorphum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="homomorphum">E. homomorphum</taxonomicName>
(Romagn.) Singer differs by the larger basidiospores (15-19
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
9-11.5
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Mazzer, SJ" journalOrPublisher="Bibliotheca Mycologica" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 134" title="A monographic study of the genus Pouzarella." volume="46" year="1976">Mazzer 1976</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Figure 3. Microscopic structures of
<taxonomicName lsidName="E. griseocarpum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="griseocarpum">E. griseocarpum</taxonomicName>
(drawn from the holotype). a Basidiospores b Cheilocystidia c Pileipellis.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="145996140" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:180C3905-077F-47F7-A2B3-AFA620DB28A9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5E4DC53BB82D04F94CD64F485E3C7553" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/180C3905-077F-47F7-A2B3-AFA620DB28A9" authority="Azorsa &amp; Fisher" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Carebara" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Carebara tanana" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tanana">Carebara tanana Azorsa &amp; Fisher</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="1">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="holotype">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Holotype.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
(major worker), MADAGASCAR,
<taxonomicName genus="Antananarivo" lsidName="Antananarivo" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="genus">Antananarivo</taxonomicName>
, Antaponimanadala I Non Protected Area, 6.59 km E Manalalondo, -19.25528, 47.1771, 1984 m, savannah grassland, 13-16.v.2010, (Andrianjaka Ravelomanana). Collection code ARA1053, (CASC: CASENT0211683). Paratypes: (3 major worker and 6 workers), with same data as holotype, 3 major workers (CASC: CASENT0211708, CASENT0211736, CASENT0211696), and 6 workers (CASC: CASENT0211714, CASENT0211777, CASENT0211709, CASENT0211697, CASENT0211737, CASENT0211684).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Antennae ten-segmented. Major: Head subrectangular, longer than wide, lateral margins straight and parallel, posterolateral corners rounded, posterior margin of head concave; combined outline of dorsal surface of peduncle and anterior face of node nearly straight; dorsum of propodeum flat and declining posteriorly, posterodorsal corner unarmed, nearly angulate; gaster with abundant subdecumbent to suberect hairs. Minor: Head nearly subquadrate, slightly longer than wide, lateral margins weakly convex, posterior margin weakly convex; combined outline of dorsal surface of peduncle and anterior face of node nearly straight; dorsum of propodeum nearly flat, declining posteriorly, posterodorsal corner unarmed, nearly angulate; gaster with subdecumbent or suberect hairs.</paragraph>
<caption pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Figure 65.
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Carebara" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Carebara tanana" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tanana">Carebara tanana</taxonomicName>
-holotype. Major worker, CASENT0211683: A head in full-face view B body in profile view C body in dorsal view. Minor worker, CASENT0211714: D head in full-face view E body in profile view F body in dorsal view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description of major workers.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Measurements (n=1 (holotype)): HL 0.62; HW 0.48; SL 0.28; ML 0.15; EL 0.02; EM 0.18; HD 0.35; WL 0.54; PSL 0.06; PW 0.33; MFL 0.29; MFW 0.08; MTL 0.22, PTL 0.21; PNL 0.09; PTH 0.17; PTW 0.15; PPL 0.13; PPNL 0.13; PPH 0.13; PPW 0.20; GL 0.53; GW 0.43; CI 78; MI 24; SI 45; MLI 60; PPLI 60; PPI 133; PSI 12.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Head longer than wide (78), in full-face view weakly subrectangular, about 1.2 times longer than wide. Posterior margin of head medially concave, posterolateral corners rounded, lateral margins straight or weakly convex. Mandibles with five teeth. Anterior margin of clypeus nearly straight, and weakly convex laterally. Antennae with ten segments. Scapes short (HL 0.62, SL 0.28, SI 45) barely reaching cephalic midlength. Ocelli absent. Eyes present and short, consisting of only ommatidia (EL 0.02). Supraclypeal area short and triangular, not surpassing frontal carina.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">In profile view, promesonotum high and convex, metanotal groove present and not deeply impressed. Propodeum lower than promesonotum, and about 1.3 times higher than long, dorsal face of propodeum flat and declining posteriorly, posterodorsal corners of propodeum unarmed, nearly angulate, declivity weakly convex, nearly flat. Propodeal lobes short and convex. Propodeal spiracle rounded and situated slightly above mid-height of sclerite, and beyond mid-length of sclerite by about half the diameter of the spiracle, distance from propodeal spiracle to posterodorsal corner of propodeum about same as the diameter of the spiracle (PSL 0.06), and distance to declivity less than the diameter of the spiracle. In dorsal view, promesonotum about as long as wide, anterior margin and sides rounded, slightly narrowed posteriorly; sides of propodeum nearly convex.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Petiole weakly longer than high (PTL 0.21, PTH 0.17) and with relatively short peduncle, ventral face weakly convex at center. Combined outline of dorsal surface of peduncle and anterior face of node straigth, posterior face of node weakly concave, anterodorsal corner convex, posterodorsal corner rounded, dorsum convex. Subpetiolar process produced as a small denticle, shorter than the diameter of the propodeal spiracle. Postpetiolar node weakly rounded and lower than petiolar node. In dorsal view, postpetiolar node wider than petiolar node (PTW 0.15, PPW 0.20) and petiolar node wider than long (PNL 0.09, PTW 0.15), anterior margin of petiole and postpetiole nearly straight, sides of petiole and postpetiole rounded.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Dorsal surface of mandibles, clypeus and median area of head smooth and shiny, with scattered piligerous punctae on head and mandibles. Head with longitudinal and parallel rugae, these joining near posterior margin of head, transverse rugae along posterior margin of head. Posterolateral portion of cephalic dorsum smooth and shiny. Mesosoma smooth and shiny, except for katepisternum (areolate), metapleuron (rugose and with longitudinal rugae), and anterior side of pronottum finely punctate. Petiole and ventral face of postpetiole (areolate). In dorsal view, mesosoma, petiole, postpetiole and gaster smooth and shiny.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Lateral and posterior margin of head with suberect to subdecumbent hairs. Scapes with decumbent hairs. Outer margin of mandibles with few and short appressed hairs. Mesosoma with short and long erect to subdecumbent hairs. Petiole and postpetiole with short decumbent hairs and long subdecumbent hairs. Tibia with appressed hairs. Gaster with abundant subdecumbent hairs. Color yellowish ferruginous.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description of minor workers.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Measurements (n=1): HL 0.40; HW 0.34; SL 0.23; ML 0.10; EL 0.02; EM 0.11; HD 0.23; WL 0.41; PSL 0.03; PW 0.22; MFL 0.23; MFW 0.06; MTL 0.18, PTL 0.13; PNL 0.07; PTH 0.12; PTW 0.09; PPL 0.09; PPNL 0.08; PPH 0.08; PPW 0.13; GL 0.33; GW 0.28; CI 85; MI 25; SI 58; MLI 66; PPLI 69; PPI 136; PSI 10.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Head slightly longer than wide (CI 85), in full-face view nearly subquadrate, about 1.1 times longer than wide. Posterior margin of head slightly concave, posterolateral corners convex, lateral margins weakly convex. Mandibles with five teeth. Anterior margin of clypeus slightly straight, and laterally convex. Antennae with ten segments. Scape fails to reach posterior margin of head (HL 0.40, SL 0.23, SI 58). Eyes present, consisting of one ommatidium (EL 0.02). Supraclypeal area triangular but not well defined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">In profile view, promesonotum weakly convex, metanotal groove not well impressed. Propodeum about 1.2 times higher than long, dorsal face of propodeum slightly convex, declining posteriorly, posterodorsal corners unarmed or angulate, declivity nearly straight. Propodeal lobes short and convex. Propodeal spiracle rounded and situated above mid-height of sclerite, and beyond mid-length of sclerite by about half the diameter of the spiracle, distance from propodeal spiracle to posterodorsal corner of propodeum about the same as the diameter of the spiracle (PSL 0.03), and distance to declivity almost less than the diameter of the spiracle. In dorsal view, promesonotum about as long as wide, anterior margin rounded, sides nearly rounded, narrowed posteriorly; sides of propodeum straight.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Petiole weakly longer than high (PTL 0.13, PTH 0.12) and with a short peduncle, ventral face convex at center. Combined outine of dorsal surface of peduncle and anterior face of node straight, posterior face of node vertical and slightly concave, anterodorsal and posterodorsal corner rounded, dorsum convex. Subpetiolar process produced as a small denticle, same as the diameter of the propodeal spiracle. Postpetiolar node nearly rounded and lower than petiolar node. In dorsal view, postpetiolar node wider than petiolar node (PTW 0.09, PPW 0.13), and petiolar node wider than long (PNL 0.07, PTW 0.09), anterior and posterior margins of petiole and postpetiole straight, sides rounded in petiole and postpetiole.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Head, mandible and clypeus smooth and shiny with scattered piligerous punctae on head and mandibles. Gena and frontal lobes with short longitudinal rugae. Mesosoma smooth and shiny, except for katepisternum (areolate), and metapleuron (finely areolate combined with longitudinal rugae). Petiole and ventral face of postpetiole areolate. In dorsal view, mesosoma, petiole, postpetiole and gaster smooth and shiny.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Lateral margins, posterior margin of head and outer margin of mandibles with short decumbent hairs. Scapes with abundant subdecumbent hairs. Mesosoma with short and long suberect to subdecumbent hairs. Petiole and postpetiole with short and long decumbent hairs. Tibia with appressed hairs. Gaster with abundant suberect to subdecumbent hairs. Color yellowish ferruginous.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution and biology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Carebara" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Carebara tanana" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tanana">Carebara tanana</taxonomicName>
is known only from the center of Madagascar (Figure 69). This species was found in the savannah grassland, at an elevation of 1984 m, in leaf mold and rotten wood. This species was collected using maxi-Winkler traps.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="comments">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Comments.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Carebara" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Carebara tanana" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tanana">Carebara tanana</taxonomicName>
can be confused with
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. tana" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="tana">C. tana</taxonomicName>
due to the form of the head. However, the two can be separated easily by the following combination of characters: in profile view, posterodorsal corner of propodeum of
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. tana" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="tana">C. tana</taxonomicName>
armed and unarmed in
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. tanana" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="tanana">C. tanana</taxonomicName>
; gaster with short and long and abundant suberect to subdecumbent hairs in
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. tanana" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="tanana">C. tanana</taxonomicName>
, while in
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. tana" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="tana">C. tana</taxonomicName>
the major worker has the gaster with short decumbent hairs and long subdecumbent or suberect hairs, and the minor worker with abundant subdecumbent and decumbent hairs, and sparse suberect hairs. Additional to this,
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. tanana" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="tanana">C. tanana</taxonomicName>
is known only from the center of Madagascar, while
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. tana" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="tana">C. tana</taxonomicName>
is known from the north of Madagascar. Only other two species were collected at the same area:
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. grandidieri" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="grandidieri">C. grandidieri</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. nosindambo" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="nosindambo">C. nosindambo</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. tanana" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="tanana">C. tanana</taxonomicName>
does not have intermediates in the major worker subcaste.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>