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Genus
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<bibRefCitation id="B233FDBAFFC03E1CFE0B781E2AB1F9DF" author="Cherbonnier" box="[436,668,1557,1583]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refString="Cherbonnier, G. (1970) Nouvelles especes d' Holothuries des cotes d'Afrique du Sud et du Mozambique. Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris 2 e serie 41 (1), 280 - 299." type="journal article" year="1970">Cherbonnier, 1970</bibRefCitation>
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<emphasis id="E4D65C59FFC03E1CFF287856293EF987" bold="true" box="[151,275,1629,1655]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Diagnosis</emphasis>
(from
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, amended herein). Tentacles 10, in a single ring; tube feet traverse ventral pole of sphere; mouth and anus well separated. Radial plates of calcareous ring with or without posterior bifurcations. Ossicles, a superficial layer of well developed tables with nodular to spinose and an inner layer of plates, heavily calcified or finely nodular at one end.
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<emphasis id="E4D65C59FFC03E1CFF7978F9296DF8FC" bold="true" box="[198,320,1778,1804]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Remarks.</emphasis>
This genus was established by
<bibRefCitation id="B233FDBAFFC03E1CFD7878F92B9FF8FC" author="Cherbonnier" box="[711,946,1778,1804]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refString="Cherbonnier, G. (1970) Nouvelles especes d' Holothuries des cotes d'Afrique du Sud et du Mozambique. Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris 2 e serie 41 (1), 280 - 299." type="journal article" year="1970">Cherbonnier (1970)</bibRefCitation>
from materials coming from False Bay,
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. It is characterized by the presence of only 10 tentacles as opposed to 15 or more in the other rhopalodinids. Cherbonnier included in it two species,
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and
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<emphasis id="E4D65C59FFC03E1CFC6079362C7FF8A6" box="[991,1106,1853,1878]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">R. minuta</emphasis>
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. Although the latter species was represented by complete specimens they were all juvenile and this might have influenced Cherbonnier in choosing
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,
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represented by only the proboscides, as the
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species of his new genus (
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). Complete specimens of
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<emphasis id="E4D65C59FFC03E1CFDBB79A62AA6F836" box="[516,651,1965,1990]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">R. gigantea</emphasis>
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were subsequently described by
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.
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<emphasis id="E4D65C59FFC03E1CFF287F9629BAFE47" bold="true" box="[151,407,413,439]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Pseudocnus thandari</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="E4D65C59FFC03E1CFF287FEE2954FE0C" box="[151,377,485,508]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Pseudocnus thandari</emphasis>
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: 61
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–64, 2 text figures.
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<emphasis id="E4D65C59FFC03E1CFF287C2129A6FDB4" bold="true" box="[151,395,554,580]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Material examined.</emphasis>
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<accessionNumber id="C9F11DA8FFC03E1CFE667C212A17FDB4" box="[473,570,554,580]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/A28103" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="EnaNcbi">A28103</accessionNumber>
, AHAB-8, stn. BE08, Hole 1, Greifer, N3.7,
<collectingCountry id="AEB5C0DBFFC03E1CFBF67C212C9CFDB4" box="[1097,1201,554,580]" name="Namibia" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Namibia</collectingCountry>
, 17, 017º S,
<geoCoordinate id="B396E68CFFC03E1CFAFC7C212886FD9A" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" precision="55" value="11.458">11.458º E</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="A21CA68BFFC03E1CFF087C5B2903FD9A" box="[183,302,592,618]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="2004-05-13">
13.v.
<quantity id="115A2DAEFFC03E1CFF547C5B2903FD9A" box="[235,302,592,618]" metricMagnitude="6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.004117" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="m" value="2004117.0">2004</quantity>
</date>
, 117 m, Zettler,
<specimenCount id="C0A44BC2FFC03E1CFE517C5B2AB3FD9A" box="[494,670,592,618]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="generic">211 specimens</specimenCount>
;
<collectionCode id="B0B3188EFFC03E1CFD167C5B2AC4FD9A" box="[681,745,592,618]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/mhew-9czz" name="South African Museum" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">SAM</collectionCode>
A28104, Kunene, stn. BE30, Hole 1,
<collectingCountry id="AEB5C0DBFFC03E1CFB177C5B2D3DFD9A" box="[1192,1296,592,618]" name="Namibia" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Namibia</collectingCountry>
, 17, 390º S,
<geoCoordinate id="B396E68CFFC03E1CFF287C7E293DFD7F" box="[151,272,629,655]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" precision="55" value="11.724">11.724º E</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="A21CA68BFFC03E1CFEA17C7E29BBFD7F" box="[286,406,629,655]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="2008-03-05">5.iii.2008</date>
, 30 m, Zettler,
<specimenCount id="C0A44BC2FFC03E1CFDEE7C7E2AD9FD7F" box="[593,756,629,655]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="generic">11 specimens</specimenCount>
(?juvenile);
<collectionCode id="B0B3188EFFC03E1CFC2E7C7E2BFFFD7F" box="[913,978,629,655]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/mhew-9czz" name="South African Museum" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">SAM</collectionCode>
<accessionNumber id="C9F11DA8FFC03E1CFC657C7E2C12FD7F" box="[986,1087,629,655]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/A28105" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="EnaNcbi">A28105</accessionNumber>
, Kunene, stn. BE30, Hole 2,
<collectingCountry id="AEB5C0DBFFC03E1CFF287C91292FFD44" box="[151,258,666,692]" name="Namibia" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Namibia</collectingCountry>
, 17, 390º S,
<geoCoordinate id="B396E68CFFC03E1CFE247C912A39FD44" box="[411,532,666,692]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" precision="55" value="11.724">11.724º E</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="A21CA68BFFC03E1CFD9E7C912ABAFD44" box="[545,663,666,692]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="2008-03-05">5.iii.2008</date>
, 30 m, Zettler,
<specimenCount id="C0A44BC2FFC03E1CFCED7C912BC7FD44" box="[850,1002,666,692]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="generic">3 specimens</specimenCount>
;
<collectionCode id="B0B3188EFFC03E1CFC487C912C15FD44" box="[1015,1080,666,692]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/mhew-9czz" name="South African Museum" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">SAM</collectionCode>
A28106, Kunene, stn. BE30, Hole 3,
<collectingCountry id="AEB5C0DBFFC03E1CFF477CCB294FFD2A" box="[248,354,704,730]" name="Namibia" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Namibia</collectingCountry>
, 17, 390º S,
<geoCoordinate id="B396E68CFFC03E1CFE437CCB2A58FD2A" box="[508,629,704,730]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" precision="55" value="11.724">11.724º E</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="A21CA68BFFC03E1CFD3D7CCB2AD5FD2A" box="[642,760,704,730]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="2008-03-05">5.iii.2008</date>
, 30 m, Zettler,
<specimenCount id="C0A44BC2FFC03E1CFC0D7CCB2C13FD2A" box="[946,1086,704,730]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
;
<collectionCode id="B0B3188EFFC03E1CFBF47CCB2CA1FD2A" box="[1099,1164,704,730]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/mhew-9czz" name="South African Museum" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">SAM</collectionCode>
<accessionNumber id="C9F11DA8FFC03E1CFB2B7CCB2CDAFD2A" box="[1172,1271,704,730]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/A28107" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="EnaNcbi">A28107</accessionNumber>
, Kunene, stn. BE30, Dredge,
<collectingCountry id="AEB5C0DBFFC03E1CFEF27CEE2998FD0F" box="[333,437,741,767]" name="Namibia" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Namibia</collectingCountry>
, 17, 390º S,
<geoCoordinate id="B396E68CFFC03E1CFDF77CEE2A91FD0F" box="[584,700,741,767]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" precision="55" value="11.724">11.724º E</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="A21CA68BFFC03E1CFD777CEE2B16FD0F" box="[712,827,741,767]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="2008-03-05">5.iii.2008</date>
, 30 m, Zettler,
<specimenCount id="C0A44BC2FFC03E1CFC527CEE2CACFD0F" box="[1005,1153,741,767]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="generic">7 specimens</specimenCount>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="9EB8D3C0FFC03E1CFF797D012C06FCD4" box="[198,1067,778,804]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="D61D804BFFC03E1CFF797D012C06FCD4" blockId="17.[151,1437,554,1103]" box="[198,1067,778,804]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="E4D65C59FFC03E1CFF797D01294AFCD4" bold="true" box="[198,359,778,804]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Distribution.</emphasis>
Northern
<collectingCountry id="AEB5C0DBFFC03E1CFE607D012A69FCD4" box="[479,580,778,804]" name="Namibia" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Namibia</collectingCountry>
to west coast of
<collectingCountry id="AEB5C0DBFFC03E1CFCB67D012B8EFCD4" box="[777,931,778,804]" name="South Africa" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">South Africa</collectingCountry>
,
<quantity id="115A2DAEFFC03E1CFC107D012C05FCD4" box="[943,1064,778,804]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.75" metricValueMax="11.7" metricValueMin="1.8" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="m" value="67.5" valueMax="117.0" valueMin="18.0">
18–
<specimenCount id="C0A44BC2FFC03E1CFC657D012C05FCD4" box="[986,1064,778,804]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="generic">117 m</specimenCount>
</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="9EB8D3C0FFC03E1CFF797D2429C5FBBF" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="D61D804BFFC03E1CFF797D2429C5FBBF" blockId="17.[151,1437,554,1103]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="E4D65C59FFC03E1CFF797D24296DFCB9" bold="true" box="[198,320,815,841]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Remarks.</emphasis>
This species was recently described by Natasen-Moodley (2008) from material taken from
<collectingCountry id="AEB5C0DBFFC03E1CFAC27D3B28C7FC9F" name="Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">St. Helena</collectingCountry>
Bay (Western Cape Province,
<collectingCountry id="AEB5C0DBFFC03E1CFDE97D5E2AC2FC9F" box="[598,751,853,879]" name="South Africa" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">South Africa</collectingCountry>
) between
<quantity id="115A2DAEFFC03E1CFCD77D5E2BFEFC9F" box="[872,979,853,879]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.2" metricValueMin="1.8" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="m" value="25.0" valueMax="32.0" valueMin="18.0">
18–
<specimenCount id="C0A44BC2FFC03E1CFC2C7D5E2BFEFC9F" box="[915,979,853,879]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="generic">32 m</specimenCount>
</quantity>
. The current material satisfies well the description of the
<typeStatus id="09193EE9FFC03E1CFED07D71298BFC64" box="[367,422,890,916]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">type</typeStatus>
. It ranges from
<quantity id="115A2DAEFFC03E1CFDDD7D712AFEFC64" box="[610,723,890,916]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" metricValueMax="15.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="mm" value="8.5" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="2.0">2–15 mm</quantity>
in length. Juvenile specimens are white in alcohol, whereas the older specimens are uniformly pinkish-brown. Juveniles have more rounded plates in relation to the elongated plates, and the knobs and the spines of the elongated plates are less pronounced. The tube feet deposits are simple and typical. With growth, the rounded plates of the body wall appear to decrease in number, the knobs of the elongated plates become more pronounced, their spines more defined and the tube feet deposits more elaborate.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

110
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<mods:title id="90EC6CE8432BE503E6B00907949FAF17">Additions to the sea cucumber fauna of Namibia and Angola, with descriptions of new taxa (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea)</mods:title>
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<treatment id="5E0B315DFFC13E1CFF2878732A9CFEB7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6204550" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119401936" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6204550" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5E0B315DFFC13E1CFF2878732A9CFEB7" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5E0B315DFFC13E1CFF2878732A9CFEB7" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<subSubSection id="9EB8D3C0FFC13E1DFF2878732A15F962" box="[151,568,1656,1683]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="D61D804BFFC13E1DFF2878732A15F962" blockId="16.[151,568,1656,1683]" box="[151,568,1656,1683]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<heading id="8D553727FFC13E1DFF2878732A15F962" bold="true" box="[151,568,1656,1683]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" reason="1">
<emphasis id="E4D65C59FFC13E1DFF2878732A15F962" bold="true" box="[151,568,1656,1683]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
Genus
<taxonomicName id="11A2FBC8FFC13E1DFF5178722A15F962" ID-CoL="7PWBK" authority="Panning, 1949" authorityName="Panning" authorityYear="1949" box="[238,568,1656,1683]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Pseudocnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E4D65C59FFC13E1DFF5178722952F963" bold="true" box="[238,383,1657,1683]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Pseudocnus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="B233FDBAFFC13E1DFE3978732A15F962" author="Panning" box="[390,568,1656,1682]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refString="Panning, A. (1949) Versuch einer Neuordnung der Familie Cucumariidae (Holothuroidea: Dendrochirota). Zoologische Jahrbucher, 78, 404 - 470." type="journal article" year="1949">Panning, 1949</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="9EB8D3C0FFC13E1DFF2878CB296AF8BB" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="D61D804BFFC13E1DFF2878CB296AF8BB" blockId="16.[151,1436,1728,2016]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis id="E4D65C59FFC13E1DFF2878CB293DF92A" bold="true" box="[151,272,1728,1754]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Diagnosis</emphasis>
(after
<bibRefCitation id="B233FDBAFFC13E1DFEE078CA2A28F92B" author="Panning" box="[351,517,1729,1755]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refString="Panning, A. (1949) Versuch einer Neuordnung der Familie Cucumariidae (Holothuroidea: Dendrochirota). Zoologische Jahrbucher, 78, 404 - 470." type="journal article" year="1949">Panning 1949</bibRefCitation>
, modified herein). Small, barrel-shaped species. Tentacles 10, more or less of equal size or ventral two reduced. Calcareous ring simple, without posterior processes. Interambulacra usually naked. Body wall ossicles fir-cone shaped knobbed plates made up of a single layer of calcareous material; baskets absent.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="9EB8D3C0FFC13E1CFF7A795D2A9CFEB7" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="D61D804BFFC13E1CFF7A795D2A9CFEB7" blockId="16.[151,1436,1728,2016]" lastBlockId="17.[151,1436,152,327]" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis id="E4D65C59FFC13E1DFF7A795D2913F880" bold="true" box="[197,318,1878,1904]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Remarks.</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="B233FDBAFFC13E1DFEFA795D29D9F880" author="Panning" box="[325,500,1878,1904]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refString="Panning, A. (1949) Versuch einer Neuordnung der Familie Cucumariidae (Holothuroidea: Dendrochirota). Zoologische Jahrbucher, 78, 404 - 470." type="journal article" year="1949">Panning (1949</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="B233FDBAFFC13E1DFE40795D2A11F880" author="Panning" box="[511,572,1878,1904]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refString="Panning, A. (1952) Bemerkungen uber holothurien aus dem Natur-Museum Seckenberg. Senckerbergiana. Band, 33, 121 - 133." type="journal article" year="1952">1952</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="B233FDBAFFC13E1DFDF7795D2AA9F880" author="Panning" box="[584,644,1878,1904]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refString="Panning, A. (1962) Bermerkungen uber die Holothurien - Familie Cucumariidae (Ordnung Dendrochirota) 3 Teil. Die Gattung Pseudocnus (Panning 1949). Mitteilungen aus dem Hamburgischen Zoologischen Museum und Institut, 60, 57 - 80." type="journal article" year="1962">1962</bibRefCitation>
) included numerous species in this genus which he characterised as having fir-cone shaped knobbed plates and a deeper layer of knobbed button-like deposits.
<bibRefCitation id="B233FDBAFFC13E1DFAA979702D5BF865" author="In" box="[1302,1398,1915,1941]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refString="Panning, A. (1962) Bermerkungen uber die Holothurien - Familie Cucumariidae (Ordnung Dendrochirota) 3 Teil. Die Gattung Pseudocnus (Panning 1949). Mitteilungen aus dem Hamburgischen Zoologischen Museum und Institut, 60, 57 - 80." type="journal article" year="1962">In 1962</bibRefCitation>
he designated
<taxonomicName id="11A2FBC8FFC13E1DFE9E79AA2A5AF84B" authority="Semper" authorityName="Semper" box="[289,631,1953,1979]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Cucumaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="dubiosa">
<emphasis id="E4D65C59FFC13E1DFE9E79AA2A3FF84A" box="[289,530,1953,1978]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Cucumaria dubiosa</emphasis>
Semper
</taxonomicName>
as
<typeStatus id="09193EE9FFC13E1DFD1E79AA2AF8F84B" box="[673,725,1953,1979]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">type</typeStatus>
species.
<bibRefCitation id="B233FDBAFFC13E1DFCF979AA2C28F84B" author="Thandar" box="[838,1029,1953,1979]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refString="Thandar, A. S. (1987) The status of some southern African nominal species of Cucumaria (s. e.) referable to a new genus and their ecological isolation. South African Journal of Zoology, 22, 287 - 296." type="journal article" year="1987">Thandar (1987)</bibRefCitation>
separated three southern African forms with interradial papillae, equal tentacles and an external layer of incomplete baskets (forked rods), assembling them, together with
<taxonomicName id="11A2FBC8FFC03E1CFD997E932BE9FF42" authority="Grube" authorityName="Grube" box="[550,964,152,178]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Pseudocnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="syracusanus">
<emphasis id="E4D65C59FFC03E1CFD997E932B76FF41" box="[550,859,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Pseudocnus syracusanus</emphasis>
(Grube)
</taxonomicName>
from the Mediterranean, in the genus
<taxonomicName id="11A2FBC8FFC03E1CFF287EB62917FF26" box="[151,314,189,214]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Pseudocnella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E4D65C59FFC03E1CFF287EB62917FF26" box="[151,314,189,214]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Pseudocnella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
erected for this purpose. Thandar further suggested that
<taxonomicName id="11A2FBC8FFC03E1CFC4C7EB62CAEFF26" box="[1011,1155,189,214]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Pseudocnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E4D65C59FFC03E1CFC4C7EB62CAEFF26" box="[1011,1155,189,214]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Pseudocnus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
should be restricted to forms without interradial papillae, no external layer of baskets of any sort and body wall ossicles comprising knobbed plates made up of a single layer of calcareous material as characterised by the
<typeStatus id="09193EE9FFC03E1CFB157F032CF0FED2" box="[1194,1245,264,290]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">type</typeStatus>
species. Hence, the diagnosis of
<taxonomicName id="11A2FBC8FFC03E1CFEE77F2629C9FEB6" box="[344,484,301,326]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Pseudocnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E4D65C59FFC03E1CFEE77F2629C9FEB6" box="[344,484,301,326]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Pseudocnus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is here modified.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

234
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<mods:title id="8AD38CC2B8F81339830AA3BBA300617C">Additions to the sea cucumber fauna of Namibia and Angola, with descriptions of new taxa (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="3D2BD1E8EFD8F192EE63372DAAF361CA">Thandar, Ahmed S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="8F5FF79A2E426C9A5D2366F03418C455">Zettler, Michael L.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="5E0B315DFFC33E18FF287E9C2AC3FF27" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6204554" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119401941" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6204554" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:9729435F-CDA5-4825-AE83-F86BEE8FCFB3" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5E0B315DFFC33E18FF287E9C2AC3FF27" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<subSubSection id="9EB8D3C0FFC33E1FFF287E9C29ADFF24" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="D61D804BFFC33E1FFF287E9C2A24FF41" blockId="18.[151,521,151,212]" box="[151,521,151,177]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<heading id="8D553727FFC33E1FFF287E9C2A24FF41" bold="true" box="[151,521,151,177]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" reason="1">
<emphasis id="E4D65C59FFC33E1FFF287E9C2A24FF41" bold="true" box="[151,521,151,177]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<taxonomicName id="11A2FBC8FFC33E1FFF287E9C29EDFF41" ID-CoL="4SKPX" box="[151,448,151,177]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Rhopalodinidae" genus="Rhopalodinaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="bocherti" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="E4D65C59FFC33E1FFF287E9C29EDFF41" bold="true" box="[151,448,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Rhopalodinaria bocherti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="FFE5E122FFC33E1FFE787E9C2A24FF41" box="[455,521,151,177]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D61D804BFFC33E1FFF287EB129ADFF24" blockId="18.[151,521,151,212]" box="[151,384,186,212]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Figures 10, 11 &amp; 12</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="9EB8D3C0FFC33E1FFF287F0E294EFDBA" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="D61D804BFFC33E1FFF287F0E294EFDBA" blockId="18.[151,1437,261,2004]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis id="E4D65C59FFC33E1FFF287F0E2935FEEF" bold="true" box="[151,280,261,287]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
A rhopalodinid holothuroid represented by mostly proboscides up to
<quantity id="115A2DAEFFC33E1FFBE47F0E2C82FEEF" box="[1115,1199,261,287]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="mm" value="19.0">19 mm</quantity>
long and a juvenile measuring
<quantity id="115A2DAEFFC33E1FFE9F7F212946FEB4" box="[288,363,298,324]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
. Colour in alcohol off-white. Tentacles 10, eight large, two minute, unbranched. Anus bordered by papillae. Radial plates of calcareous ring with short paired posterior prolongations. Polian vesicle and stone canal single. Ossicles of proboscis comprising tables and plates. Table disc smooth, with spinose four central holes or with one or more smaller holes outside these, spire low to moderate, of four pillars, a single cross-bar, terminating in a ring of unequal teeth, ring sometimes transformed to a cruciform structure or deformed. Plates multilocular, with minute knobs at one end. Tentacle with rods, multilocular plates and rosette-like bodies. Juvenile with only table ossicles with usually, non-perforate crowns. Tube feet of juvenile with curved rods.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="9EB8D3C0FFC33E1FFF797C5E2D44FD64" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="D61D804BFFC33E1FFF797C5E2D44FD64" blockId="18.[151,1437,261,2004]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis id="E4D65C59FFC33E1FFF797C5E297EFD9F" bold="true" box="[198,339,597,623]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Etymology.</emphasis>
This species is named after one of its collectors, Dr. Ralf Bochert, to honour him for the painful task he undertook to sort out these valuable collections comprising some very minute individuals.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="9EB8D3C0FFC33E1FFF797C942B36FCDA" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="D61D804BFFC33E1FFF797C942B36FCDA" blockId="18.[151,1437,261,2004]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis id="E4D65C59FFC33E1FFF797C942990FD49" bold="true" box="[198,445,671,697]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Material examined.</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="09193EE9FFC33E1FFE777CAB2A19FD49" box="[456,564,672,697]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="holotype">
<emphasis id="E4D65C59FFC33E1FFE777CAB2A19FD49" box="[456,564,672,697]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Holotype</emphasis>
</typeStatus>
<collectionCode id="B0B3188EFFC33E1FFD827CAB2A50FD4A" box="[573,637,672,698]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/mhew-9czz" name="South African Museum" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">SAM</collectionCode>
A28108, AHAB-8, stn. 2, Hole 1,
<collectingCountry id="AEB5C0DBFFC33E1FFB927CAB2CABFD4A" box="[1069,1158,672,698]" name="Angola" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Angola</collectingCountry>
,
<geoCoordinate id="B396E68CFFC33E1FFB2B7CAB2D20FD4A" box="[1172,1293,672,698]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" precision="55" value="-18.191">18.191° S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="B396E68CFFC33E1FFAA27CAB2DBAFD4A" box="[1309,1431,672,698]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" precision="55" value="11.841">11.841° E</geoCoordinate>
, 16.9,
<date id="A21CA68BFFC33E1FFF647CCE297FFD2F" box="[219,338,709,735]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="2004-05-20">20.v.2004</date>
,
<quantity id="115A2DAEFFC33E1FFEDF7CCE299BFD2F" box="[352,438,709,735]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2299999999999995" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="m" value="32.3">32.3 m</quantity>
, Forster &amp; Zettler;
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<emphasis id="E4D65C59FFC33E1FFD217CCE2B3BFD2E" box="[670,790,709,734]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Paratypes</emphasis>
</typeStatus>
<collectionCode id="B0B3188EFFC33E1FFCA07CCE2B72FD2F" box="[799,863,709,735]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/mhew-9czz" name="South African Museum" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">SAM</collectionCode>
<accessionNumber id="C9F11DA8FFC33E1FFCD87CCE2BE7FD2F" box="[871,970,709,735]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/A28109" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="EnaNcbi">A28109</accessionNumber>
, same data as
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, 2 proboscides;
<collectionCode id="B0B3188EFFC33E1FFF287CE128F5FCF4" box="[151,216,746,772]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/mhew-9czz" name="South African Museum" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">SAM</collectionCode>
A28110, AHAB-8, stn. 1, Hole 1,
<collectingCountry id="AEB5C0DBFFC33E1FFD3C7CE12AF2FCF4" box="[643,735,746,772]" name="Angola" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Angola</collectingCountry>
,
<geoCoordinate id="B396E68CFFC33E1FFD537CE12B4BFCF4" box="[748,870,746,772]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" precision="55" value="-13.958">13.958° S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="B396E68CFFC33E1FFCCB7CE12BDCFCF4" box="[884,1009,746,772]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" precision="55" value="12.395">12.395° E</geoCoordinate>
, 17.11,
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, 24 m, Forster &amp; Zettler, 6 proboscides, 1 complete specimen (juvenile).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="9EB8D3C0FFC33E1FFF797D3E2A6BF85F" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="description">
<paragraph id="D61D804BFFC33E1FFF797D3E2C0AFBFA" blockId="18.[151,1437,261,2004]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis id="E4D65C59FFC33E1FFF797D3E29DDFCBF" bold="true" box="[198,496,821,847]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
Description of
<typeStatus id="09193EE9FFC33E1FFEC17D3E29C6FCBF" box="[382,491,821,847]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
Specimen represented by only a proboscis of
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length and
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diameter. Colour in alcohol off-white. Mouth and anus set close together, the latter distinguished by the presence of well developed papillae which can be confounded for the tentacles. Wall of proboscis rigid and slightly rough to the touch. Tentacles retracted, 10, eight large and two very reduced, the latter were originally ventral as they lie furthest away from the anus; all tentacles minute, retracted, rather simple, if any branching exists this is not obvious. Anus bordered by well developed conical papillae, anal teeth absent.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D61D804BFFC33E1FFF797A1E2A22FB34" blockId="18.[151,1437,261,2004]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Calcareous ring (Figure 10C) delicate, radial plates anteriorly bifid with short paired posterior prolongations separated by a deep, narrow concavity, mid-ventral radial plate with 3–4 anterior projections; interradial plates smaller, triangular with narrow anterior tip and a concave posterior surface. Polian vesicle short, minute, tubular; stone canal straight, madreporite pyri-form. Retractor muscles as single short strands; longitudinal muscles undivided.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D61D804BFFC33E1FFF797ADB2A64F93F" blockId="18.[151,1437,261,2004]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
Ossicles of the body wall typically of two
<typeStatus id="09193EE9FFC33E1FFD097ADB2AD5FB1A" box="[694,760,1232,1258]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">types</typeStatus>
: an outer layer of well developed tables (Figure 10A) and an inner layer of large, multilocular plates (Figure 10B). Table disc (36–60 µm, mean 44.85 µm, SD ± 5.67, n = 20) smooth, circular to oval, with indented margins and only four central holes or with one or more smaller holes situated outside the central holes. Spire low or off moderate height (up to 35 µm), of four pillars, a single cross bar and terminating in a ring of short well developed teeth, unequal length, the latter sometimes reduced to form a cross-shaped structure without apical hole (Figure 10A). Plates (240–388 µm, mean 334.63 µm, SD ± 37.38, n = 16) oval, slightly elongated, multilocular with indented margins and a series of minute knobs at one end of the plate, developing plates knob-less with fewer holes. Tentacle deposits as rods, plates, and rosette-like bodies. Rods (
<figureCitation id="4E999CCEFFC33E1FFE737BF12A13F9E4" box="[460,574,1530,1556]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="20.[151,255,1744,1768]" captionTargetBox="[156,1432,204,1719]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[151,1435,197,1720]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 11. Rhopalodinaria bocherti n. sp. Holotype, SAM A 28108. A-D. Tentacle deposits." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198934/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Figure 11</figureCitation>
C) rather large (81–321 µm, mean 161 µm, SD ± 66.53, n = 10), usually perforated once at each end and with spines/tuberosities along margins, other rods (
<figureCitation id="4E999CCEFFC33E1FFB23782B2D3FF9CA" box="[1180,1298,1568,1594]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="20.[151,255,1744,1768]" captionTargetBox="[156,1432,204,1719]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[151,1435,197,1720]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 11. Rhopalodinaria bocherti n. sp. Holotype, SAM A 28108. A-D. Tentacle deposits." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198934/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Figure 11</figureCitation>
D) smaller, smooth, with expanded multi-perforate ends, unbranched (37–78 µm, mean 56.35 µm, SD ± 9.02, n = 20) or branched (37–58 µm, mean 48.91 µm, SD ± 6.32, n = 11); tentacle plates (
<figureCitation id="4E999CCEFFC33E1FFC4478612C41F974" box="[1019,1132,1642,1668]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="20.[151,255,1744,1768]" captionTargetBox="[156,1432,204,1719]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[151,1435,197,1720]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 11. Rhopalodinaria bocherti n. sp. Holotype, SAM A 28108. A-D. Tentacle deposits." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198934/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Figure 11</figureCitation>
B) large (&gt; 150 µm), also with uneven margins and many holes and with knobs and spines on surface; rosette-like bodies (
<figureCitation id="4E999CCEFFC33E1FFAB5789B2D51F95A" box="[1290,1404,1680,1706]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="20.[151,255,1744,1768]" captionTargetBox="[156,1432,204,1719]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[151,1435,197,1720]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 11. Rhopalodinaria bocherti n. sp. Holotype, SAM A 28108. A-D. Tentacle deposits." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198934/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Figure 11</figureCitation>
A) of variable form and size (&gt; 30 µm).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D61D804BFFC33E1FFF7978D12A6BF85F" blockId="18.[151,1437,261,2004]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis id="E4D65C59FFC33E1FFF7978D12A2CF904" bold="true" box="[198,513,1754,1780]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
Description of
<typeStatus id="09193EE9FFC33E1FFEC178D129D1F904" box="[382,508,1754,1780]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
The two
<typeStatus id="09193EE9FFC33E1FFDCE78D12ACCF904" box="[625,737,1754,1780]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
(13 &amp;
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in length) contained with
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as well as others (AHAB B1) (
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; tables of either with nonperforate or perforate spire tops/crowns. Complete juvenile (AHAB B1) (Figure 10D) with sphere of
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diameter, proboscis
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long, both without plates but only tables with mostly non-perforate spire tops (
<figureCitation id="4E999CCEFFC33E1FFF20797B2933F87A" box="[159,286,1904,1930]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="21.[151,255,1351,1375]" captionTargetBox="[160,1431,276,1305]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[151,1435,271,1327]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 12. Rhopalodinaria bocherti n. sp. Paratype, SAM A 28110. A. Tables from proboscis; developing tables; C. tables from sphere; D. tube feet deposits." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198935/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Figures 12</figureCitation>
A–C), and tube feet deposits as curved rods with 0–2 perforations at each end and short marginal projections/digitations (
<figureCitation id="4E999CCEFFC33E1FFE13799E2A0CF85F" box="[428,545,1941,1967]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="21.[151,255,1351,1375]" captionTargetBox="[160,1431,276,1305]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[151,1435,271,1327]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 12. Rhopalodinaria bocherti n. sp. Paratype, SAM A 28110. A. Tables from proboscis; developing tables; C. tables from sphere; D. tube feet deposits." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198935/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Figure 12</figureCitation>
D).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="9EB8D3C0FFC33E19FF7979B12B1BF8C0" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="D61D804BFFC33E1FFF7979B12B4FF824" blockId="18.[151,1437,261,2004]" box="[198,866,1978,2004]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis id="E4D65C59FFC33E1FFF7979B1294AF824" bold="true" box="[198,359,1978,2004]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Distribution.</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="09193EE9FFC33E1FFED179B12985F824" box="[366,424,1978,2004]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Type</typeStatus>
locality (southern
<collectingCountry id="AEB5C0DBFFC33E1FFD3B79B12AF2F824" box="[644,735,1978,2004]" name="Angola" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Angola</collectingCountry>
),
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24–
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.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D61D804BFFC23E1EFF28798A2A61F84E" blockId="19.[151,1436,1921,1982]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<emphasis id="E4D65C59FFC23E1EFF28798A2AA1F86B" bold="true" box="[151,652,1921,1947]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
FIGURE 10.
<taxonomicName id="11A2FBC8FFC23E1EFE8379882A67F86B" box="[316,586,1923,1947]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Rhopalodinidae" genus="Rhopalodinaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="bocherti" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="E4D65C59FFC23E1EFE8379882A67F86B" bold="true" box="[316,586,1923,1947]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Rhopalodinaria bocherti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="FFE5E122FFC23E1EFDEE79882AA1F86B" box="[593,652,1923,1947]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="09193EE9FFC23E1EFD2C79882AD4F86A" box="[659,761,1923,1946]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
, SAM A28108. A. Tables from body wall; B. body wall plates; C. calcareous ring; D. complete juvenile.
</paragraph>
<caption id="82DDD0C3FFC53E19FF2878DB2CB8F917" box="[151,1173,1744,1768]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198934/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" targetBox="[156,1432,204,1719]" targetPageId="20">
<paragraph id="D61D804BFFC53E19FF2878DB2CB8F917" blockId="20.[151,1173,1744,1768]" box="[151,1173,1744,1768]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<emphasis id="E4D65C59FFC53E19FF2878DB2A50F918" bold="true" box="[151,637,1744,1768]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
FIGURE 11.
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<emphasis id="E4D65C59FFC53E19FE9378DB2A16F918" bold="true" box="[300,571,1744,1768]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Rhopalodinaria bocherti</emphasis>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="FFE5E122FFC53E19FDFE78DB2A50F918" box="[577,637,1744,1768]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Holotype, SAM A28108. A-D. Tentacle deposits.
</paragraph>
</caption>
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<emphasis id="E4D65C59FFC53E19FF79791E2903F8DF" bold="true" box="[198,302,1813,1839]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Habitat.</emphasis>
Coarse sediments with low organic content.
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D61D804BFFC53E18FF7979302AC3FF27" blockId="20.[151,1436,1813,2027]" lastBlockId="21.[151,1435,152,215]" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<emphasis id="E4D65C59FFC53E19FF7979302912F8A5" bold="true" box="[198,319,1851,1877]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Remarks.</emphasis>
The presence of only 10 tentacles of which two are much reduced and the inclusion of both tables and plates in the body wall, make the new species obviously referable to
<taxonomicName id="11A2FBC8FFC53E19FB8F796A2CC7F88A" box="[1072,1258,1889,1914]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Rhopalodinidae" genus="Rhopalodinaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E4D65C59FFC53E19FB8F796A2CC7F88A" box="[1072,1258,1889,1914]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Rhopalodinaria</emphasis>
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. It differs from the other two nominal species of the genus in possessing smooth table discs and simple spires in comparison to the clumsy, tables with knobbed discs in both
<taxonomicName id="11A2FBC8FFC53E19FD7279A02C65F835" authority="Cherbonnier, 1970" authorityName="Cherbonnier" authorityYear="1970" box="[717,1096,1963,1989]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Rhopalodinidae" genus="Rhopalodinaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="gigantea">
<emphasis id="E4D65C59FFC53E19FD7279A02B78F834" box="[717,853,1963,1988]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">R. gigantea</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="B233FDBAFFC53E19FCDC79A02C6DF835" author="Cherbonnier" box="[867,1088,1963,1989]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refString="Cherbonnier, G. (1970) Nouvelles especes d' Holothuries des cotes d'Afrique du Sud et du Mozambique. Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris 2 e serie 41 (1), 280 - 299." type="journal article" year="1970">Cherbonnier, 1970</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="11A2FBC8FFC53E19FB3E79A028F2F81B" authority="Cherbonnier, 1970" authorityName="Cherbonnier" authorityYear="1970" class="Holothuroidea" family="Rhopalodinidae" genus="Rhopalodinaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="minuta">
<emphasis id="E4D65C59FFC53E19FB3E79A02CDFF834" box="[1153,1266,1963,1988]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">R. minuta</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="B233FDBAFFC53E19FABE79A028FBF81B" author="Cherbonnier" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refString="Cherbonnier, G. (1970) Nouvelles especes d' Holothuries des cotes d'Afrique du Sud et du Mozambique. Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris 2 e serie 41 (1), 280 - 299." type="journal article" year="1970">Cherbonnier, 1970</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. Further, the plates of the new species differ in that most possess minute knobs at one end. The absence of plates in the body wall of the juvenile indicates that these deposits develop after the more superficial tables and this may be characteristic of the rhopalodinids.
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Genus
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(after
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). Body shape cucumber-like, spindle-shaped or slightly angular. Tentacles 10, mid-ventral two reduced. Tube feet in 1–2 rows per ambulacrum, mostly rigid and non-retractile, interambulacra naked. Plates of calcareous ring with anteriorly tapering projections and posteriorly notched. Body wall ossicles baskets and small, knobbed perforated plates/buttons, often with four primary holes, and in some species also large multi-layered plates. Tube feet with perforated plates and end-plates.
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<mods:title id="599A1E9204A6A787D27DEAD43C348951">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="39674C9526C1BA2E293B57BF649C73BF">
<mods:date id="C8549B03C16CD75ECD20F1A2EBF4F3BD">2010</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="09E7029C6E99944210AD4B401B2A18AA" type="volume">
<mods:number id="C8622AA03F1D0062A2F3D6898C99D90E">2655</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="B49FD269D99E6ED98FEFBA29BCAB3068">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="CA931AF5A644813D43223CD2E65679A7" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.198925</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="718212EB1C70800DFDA30402FBD6884B" type="GBIF-Dataset">b168cdce-1f22-42a6-ace6-f5ae1856cde3</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="22934860B90E561CDD2DFAA928E3E90B" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="2165A2AC0101A1A80EA36ACE9A7C3404" type="Zenodo-Dep">198925</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="5E0B315DFFD03E0EFF287AAE28DCF95C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6204523" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119401935" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6204523" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:9F60A61B-9ED0-4743-AC3C-73A39E2B9EEC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5E0B315DFFD03E0EFF287AAE28DCF95C" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<subSubSection id="9EB8D3C0FFD03E0CFF287AAE28D7FB12" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="D61D804BFFD03E0CFF287AAE29F7FB4F" blockId="1.[151,474,1189,1250]" box="[151,474,1189,1215]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<heading id="8D553727FFD03E0CFF287AAE29F7FB4F" bold="true" box="[151,474,1189,1215]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" reason="1">
<emphasis id="E4D65C59FFD03E0CFF287AAE29F7FB4F" bold="true" box="[151,474,1189,1215]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<taxonomicName id="11A2FBC8FFD03E0CFF287AAE29BDFB4F" ID-CoL="48H5P" box="[151,400,1189,1215]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Ocnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="placominutus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="E4D65C59FFD03E0CFF287AAE29BDFB4F" bold="true" box="[151,400,1189,1215]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Ocnus placominutus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="FFE5E122FFD03E0CFE277AAE29F7FB4F" box="[408,474,1189,1215]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D61D804BFFD03E0CFF287AC328D7FB12" blockId="1.[151,474,1189,1250]" box="[151,250,1224,1250]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<figureCitation id="4E999CCEFFD03E0CFF287AC328D7FB12" box="[151,250,1224,1250]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,255,1922,1946]" captionTargetBox="[170,1424,185,1895]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[167,1426,178,1910]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Ocnus placominutus n. sp. Holotype, SAM A 28092. A. Large knobbed body wall plates; B. minute body wall plates; C. flat baskets from the body wall; D. oblong rods from base of the tentacles; E. plates from base of tentacles; F. rods from tube feet; G. endplate; H. calcareous ring; I. specimen entire." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198926/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Figure 1</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="9EB8D3C0FFD03E0CFF287B192B29F9C2" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="D61D804BFFD03E0CFF287B192B29F9C2" blockId="1.[151,1437,1298,2034]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<emphasis id="E4D65C59FFD03E0CFF287B192930FADC" bold="true" box="[151,285,1298,1324]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
A small cucumariid, up to
<quantity id="115A2DAEFFD03E0CFDCB7B192AE3FADC" box="[628,718,1298,1324]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
, with slightly U-shaped, angulated body. Mouth and anus surrounded by valves. Tentacles 10, ventral two reduced. Tube feet restricted to radii in single rows, ± 10 per ambulacrum; interambulacra naked. Skin rigid. Radial and interradial plates of calcareous ring anteriorly cleft. Polian vesicle single. Ossicles of body wall of three
<typeStatus id="09193EE9FFD03E0CFCE97B892BB7FA6C" box="[854,922,1410,1436]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">types</typeStatus>
: external layer of minute, flat baskets with spiky margin and a spinulated base; a layer of large, multilayered, knobbed, imbricating plates with minute holes; and a layer of minute, complex plates, similar in structure to large plates. Tube feet deposits table-like rods, frequently knobbed; end-plates stellate. Tentacle deposits include rods of the pedicel
<typeStatus id="09193EE9FFD03E0CFB657BF92D20F9FC" box="[1242,1293,1522,1548]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">type</typeStatus>
and oblong perforated plates, both spinulated or feebly-knobbed.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="9EB8D3C0FFD03E0CFF797836295CF98C" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="D61D804BFFD03E0CFF797836295CF98C" blockId="1.[151,1437,1298,2034]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<emphasis id="E4D65C59FFD03E0CFF797836297EF9A7" bold="true" box="[198,339,1597,1623]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Etymology.</emphasis>
The species is so named because of its characteristic minute plates beneath the large, imbricating plates.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="9EB8D3C0FFD03E0CFF79788C2CD9F937" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="D61D804BFFD03E0CFF79788C2CD9F937" blockId="1.[151,1437,1298,2034]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<emphasis id="E4D65C59FFD03E0CFF79788C2992F951" bold="true" box="[198,447,1671,1697]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Material examined.</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="09193EE9FFD03E0CFE7378832A15F951" box="[460,568,1672,1697]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="holotype">
<emphasis id="E4D65C59FFD03E0CFE7378832A15F951" box="[460,568,1672,1697]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Holotype</emphasis>
</typeStatus>
(female),
<collectionCode id="B0B3188EFFD03E0CFD0578832AD7F952" box="[698,762,1672,1698]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/mhew-9czz" name="South African Museum" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">SAM</collectionCode>
A28092, AHAB-9, stn. 88, dredge,
<collectingCountry id="AEB5C0DBFFD03E0CFB7E78832D37F952" box="[1217,1306,1672,1698]" name="Angola" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Angola</collectingCountry>
,
<geoCoordinate id="B396E68CFFD03E0CFA9578832DBBF952" box="[1322,1430,1672,1698]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" precision="55" value="-7.235">7.235° S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="B396E68CFFD03E0CFF2878A62923F937" box="[151,270,1709,1735]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" precision="55" value="12.684">12.684° E</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="A21CA68BFFD03E0CFEA478A629BCF937" box="[283,401,1709,1735]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" value="2004-05-28">28.v.2004</date>
, 41 m, Forster &amp; Zettler;
<typeStatus id="09193EE9FFD03E0CFD0278A62B05F936" box="[701,808,1709,1734]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="paratype">
<emphasis id="E4D65C59FFD03E0CFD0278A62B05F936" box="[701,808,1709,1734]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Paratype</emphasis>
</typeStatus>
,
<collectionCode id="B0B3188EFFD03E0CFC8878A62B5AF937" box="[823,887,1709,1735]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/mhew-9czz" name="South African Museum" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">SAM</collectionCode>
A28093, same data as
<typeStatus id="09193EE9FFD03E0CFB3978A62CDDF937" box="[1158,1264,1709,1735]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="9EB8D3C0FFD03E0EFF7978D92BE0FC17" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="description">
<paragraph id="D61D804BFFD03E0CFF7978D92B1CF802" blockId="1.[151,1437,1298,2034]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<emphasis id="E4D65C59FFD03E0CFF7978D929DCF91C" bold="true" box="[198,497,1746,1772]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
Description of
<typeStatus id="09193EE9FFD03E0CFEC078D929C0F91C" box="[383,493,1746,1772]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
Specimen small, slightly U-shaped, length along ventral surface
<quantity id="115A2DAEFFD03E0CFB4E78D92D15F91C" box="[1265,1336,1746,1772]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" unit="mm" value="9.0">9 mm</quantity>
, breadth in mid-body
<quantity id="115A2DAEFFD03E0CFE9078F329A4F8E2" box="[303,393,1784,1810]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
(
<figureCitation id="4E999CCEFFD03E0CFE2778F329D7F8E2" box="[408,506,1784,1810]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,255,1922,1946]" captionTargetBox="[170,1424,185,1895]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[167,1426,178,1910]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Ocnus placominutus n. sp. Holotype, SAM A 28092. A. Large knobbed body wall plates; B. minute body wall plates; C. flat baskets from the body wall; D. oblong rods from base of the tentacles; E. plates from base of tentacles; F. rods from tube feet; G. endplate; H. calcareous ring; I. specimen entire." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198926/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
Figure
<date id="A21CA68BFFD03E0CFE5178F329D7F8E2" box="[494,506,1784,1810]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">1</date>
</figureCitation>
I). Form slightly angular in the radii; preserved colouration off-white, uniform. Mouth anterior, terminal, covered by valves; tentacles retracted; anus also terminal, surrounded by valves; anal teeth absent. Tentacles 10, well-branched, ventral two slightly reduced. Tube feet restricted to radii in single rows, scanty, ± 10 per ambulacrum, longer in the ventral radii, shorter dorsally, most extending rigidly from body wall, longest one ≈
<quantity id="115A2DAEFFD03E0CFE4479862A4BF857" box="[507,614,1933,1959]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.299999999999999" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" unit="mm" value="0.83">0.83 mm</quantity>
, suckers present, of same diameter as tube foot. Interambulacra naked, papillae/warts/tubercles absent. Skin rough, slightly rigid, packed with ossicles of which the large plates are clearly visible through stereoscope as imbricating scales.
</paragraph>
<caption id="82DDD0C3FFD33E0FFF2879892B81F829" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198926/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" targetBox="[170,1424,185,1895]" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph id="D61D804BFFD33E0FFF2879892B81F829" blockId="2.[151,1436,1922,2009]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis id="E4D65C59FFD33E0FFF2879892A66F86A" bold="true" box="[151,587,1922,1946]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
FIGURE 1.
<taxonomicName id="11A2FBC8FFD33E0FFE9D79892A2BF86A" box="[290,518,1922,1946]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Ocnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="placominutus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="E4D65C59FFD33E0FFE9D79892A2BF86A" bold="true" box="[290,518,1922,1946]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Ocnus placominutus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="FFE5E122FFD33E0FFDB179892A66F86A" box="[526,587,1922,1946]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
Holotype, SAM A28092. A. Large knobbed body wall plates; B. minute body wall plates; C. flat baskets from the body wall; D. oblong rods from base of the tentacles; E. plates from base of tentacles; F. rods from tube feet; G. endplate; H. calcareous ring; I. specimen entire.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="D61D804BFFD23E0EFF797E932A2FFE47" blockId="3.[151,1437,152,1708]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
Calcareous ring simple (
<figureCitation id="4E999CCEFFD23E0EFE567E932A66FF42" box="[489,587,152,178]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,255,1922,1946]" captionTargetBox="[170,1424,185,1895]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[167,1426,178,1910]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Ocnus placominutus n. sp. Holotype, SAM A 28092. A. Large knobbed body wall plates; B. minute body wall plates; C. flat baskets from the body wall; D. oblong rods from base of the tentacles; E. plates from base of tentacles; F. rods from tube feet; G. endplate; H. calcareous ring; I. specimen entire." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198926/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figure 1</figureCitation>
H), well calcified, easily fragmented. Radial plates slightly longer than interradial plates, anteriorly bifid, without posterior prolongations; interradial plates also anteriorly bifid, all plates with a posterior notch or concavity, that of the radial plate deeper. Polian vesicle single, short, saccular, slightly to left of ventral mesentery; stone canal thin, straight, remarkably short; madreporite well calcified, exact shape not discernable. Longitudinal muscles as thin single strands, retractors also thin, originating anteriorly. Respiratory trees confined to posterior quarter of body, both poorly branched, especially the left one, right one also much reduced. Gonad as a simple tuft of short tubules attached anteriorly, full of eggs in various stages of development.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D61D804BFFD23E0EFF797FC928CCFC6C" blockId="3.[151,1437,152,1708]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
Ossicles of body wall characteristically of three
<typeStatus id="09193EE9FFD23E0EFCB87FC92B64FE2C" box="[775,841,450,476]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">types</typeStatus>
: external layer of minute (14–22 µm, mean 17.25 µm, ± 2.57, n = 20) flat baskets with a rather spiky margin and a spinulated base perforated by four or more holes (
<figureCitation id="4E999CCEFFD23E0EFF5C7C062969FDD7" box="[227,324,525,551]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,255,1922,1946]" captionTargetBox="[170,1424,185,1895]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[167,1426,178,1910]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Ocnus placominutus n. sp. Holotype, SAM A 28092. A. Large knobbed body wall plates; B. minute body wall plates; C. flat baskets from the body wall; D. oblong rods from base of the tentacles; E. plates from base of tentacles; F. rods from tube feet; G. endplate; H. calcareous ring; I. specimen entire." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198926/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figure 1</figureCitation>
C); followed by a layer of large (224–382 µm, mean 273.95 µm, ± 44.28, n = 10) multilayered, knobbed plates with minute holes (
<figureCitation id="4E999CCEFFD23E0EFD8C7C392AB9FDBC" box="[563,660,562,588]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,255,1922,1946]" captionTargetBox="[170,1424,185,1895]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[167,1426,178,1910]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Ocnus placominutus n. sp. Holotype, SAM A 28092. A. Large knobbed body wall plates; B. minute body wall plates; C. flat baskets from the body wall; D. oblong rods from base of the tentacles; E. plates from base of tentacles; F. rods from tube feet; G. endplate; H. calcareous ring; I. specimen entire." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198926/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figure 1</figureCitation>
A); and a layer of minute (65–141 µm, mean 96.45 µm, ± 20.3, n = 10) complex plates, similar in structure and form to the large plates, but extremely diminutive (
<figureCitation id="4E999CCEFFD23E0EFAAD7C532D58FD82" box="[1298,1397,600,626]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,255,1922,1946]" captionTargetBox="[170,1424,185,1895]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[167,1426,178,1910]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Ocnus placominutus n. sp. Holotype, SAM A 28092. A. Large knobbed body wall plates; B. minute body wall plates; C. flat baskets from the body wall; D. oblong rods from base of the tentacles; E. plates from base of tentacles; F. rods from tube feet; G. endplate; H. calcareous ring; I. specimen entire." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198926/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figure 1</figureCitation>
B). Tube feet deposits mostly in the form of table-like rods (82–135 µm, mean 114.83 µm, ± 15.01, n = 20) with a curved base, perforated at ends and in the middle which appears in a spire-like extension (
<figureCitation id="4E999CCEFFD23E0EFB6E7CA92D19FD4C" box="[1233,1332,674,700]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,255,1922,1946]" captionTargetBox="[170,1424,185,1895]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[167,1426,178,1910]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Ocnus placominutus n. sp. Holotype, SAM A 28092. A. Large knobbed body wall plates; B. minute body wall plates; C. flat baskets from the body wall; D. oblong rods from base of the tentacles; E. plates from base of tentacles; F. rods from tube feet; G. endplate; H. calcareous ring; I. specimen entire." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198926/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figure 1</figureCitation>
F), most rods finely knobbed, rarely smooth but sometimes irregular, plate-like with several holes. End-plates (
<figureCitation id="4E999CCEFFD23E0EFAF17CC3288FFCF7" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,255,1922,1946]" captionTargetBox="[170,1424,185,1895]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[167,1426,178,1910]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Ocnus placominutus n. sp. Holotype, SAM A 28092. A. Large knobbed body wall plates; B. minute body wall plates; C. flat baskets from the body wall; D. oblong rods from base of the tentacles; E. plates from base of tentacles; F. rods from tube feet; G. endplate; H. calcareous ring; I. specimen entire." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198926/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figure 1</figureCitation>
G) very characteristic, of stellate form, with large medial perforations and smaller ones in the arms, all arms with jagged margins. Tentacle deposits include rods (73–130 µm, mean 95.25 µm, ± 16.12, n = 10) and plates (24–41 µm, mean 36 µm, ± 5.23, n = 10), the former (
<figureCitation id="4E999CCEFFD23E0EFCB37D332B40FCA2" box="[780,877,824,850]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,255,1922,1946]" captionTargetBox="[170,1424,185,1895]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[167,1426,178,1910]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Ocnus placominutus n. sp. Holotype, SAM A 28092. A. Large knobbed body wall plates; B. minute body wall plates; C. flat baskets from the body wall; D. oblong rods from base of the tentacles; E. plates from base of tentacles; F. rods from tube feet; G. endplate; H. calcareous ring; I. specimen entire." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198926/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figure 1</figureCitation>
E) of the pedicel
<typeStatus id="09193EE9FFD23E0EFB867D332C46FCA2" box="[1081,1131,824,850]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">type</typeStatus>
and the latter (
<figureCitation id="4E999CCEFFD23E0EFAA67D332D54FCA2" box="[1305,1401,824,850]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,255,1922,1946]" captionTargetBox="[170,1424,185,1895]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[167,1426,178,1910]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Ocnus placominutus n. sp. Holotype, SAM A 28092. A. Large knobbed body wall plates; B. minute body wall plates; C. flat baskets from the body wall; D. oblong rods from base of the tentacles; E. plates from base of tentacles; F. rods from tube feet; G. endplate; H. calcareous ring; I. specimen entire." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198926/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figure 1</figureCitation>
D) as oblong straight or slightly curved and/or branched perforated deposits, the medial perforations being the larger.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D61D804BFFD23E0EFF797DAC2BE0FC17" blockId="3.[151,1437,152,1708]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="E4D65C59FFD23E0EFF797DAC29D4FC31" bold="true" box="[198,505,935,961]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
Description of
<typeStatus id="09193EE9FFD23E0EFE3E7DAC29D9FC31" box="[385,500,935,961]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
Length
<quantity id="115A2DAEFFD23E0EFDE27DA32A8AFC32" box="[605,679,936,962]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
. Ossicles of body wall similar to those of
<typeStatus id="09193EE9FFD23E0EFB207DA32D2BFC32" box="[1183,1286,936,962]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
but those of the tube feet frequently without knobs as they are not fully developed.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="9EB8D3C0FFD23E0EFF797DF929DBFBC2" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="D61D804BFFD23E0EFF797DF92ABFFBFC" blockId="3.[151,1437,152,1708]" box="[198,658,1010,1036]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="E4D65C59FFD23E0EFF797DF9294AFBFC" bold="true" box="[198,359,1010,1036]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Distribution.</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="09193EE9FFD23E0EFED27DF9298AFBFC" box="[365,423,1010,1036]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Type</typeStatus>
locality only,
<specimenCount id="C0A44BC2FFD23E0EFDF07DF92ABFFBFC" box="[591,658,1010,1036]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="generic">
<quantity id="115A2DAEFFD23E0EFDF07DF92AA3FBFC" box="[591,654,1010,1036]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.1" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="m" value="41.0">41 m</quantity>
.
</specimenCount>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D61D804BFFD23E0EFF797A1C29DBFBC2" blockId="3.[151,1437,152,1708]" box="[198,502,1047,1074]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="E4D65C59FFD23E0EFF797A1C2903FBC1" bold="true" box="[198,302,1047,1073]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Habitat.</emphasis>
Sandy substrate.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="9EB8D3C0FFD23E0EFF797A3628DCF95C" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="D61D804BFFD23E0EFF797A362C41FA3C" blockId="3.[151,1437,152,1708]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="E4D65C59FFD23E0EFF797A36296DFBA7" bold="true" box="[198,320,1085,1111]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Remarks.</emphasis>
The specimens in hand satisfy the diagnosis of
<taxonomicName id="11A2FBC8FFD23E0EFCC07A362BE7FBA6" box="[895,970,1085,1110]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Ocnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E4D65C59FFD23E0EFCC07A362BE7FBA6" box="[895,970,1085,1110]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Ocnus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as amended by
<bibRefCitation id="B233FDBAFFD23E0EFB317A362D67FBA7" author="Thandar" box="[1166,1354,1085,1111]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Thandar, A. S. (2008) Additions to the holothuroid fauna of the southern African temperate faunistic provinces, with descriptions of new species. Zootaxa, 1697, 1 - 57." type="journal article" year="2008">Thandar (2008)</bibRefCitation>
. In the structure of the calcareous ring and the presence of three
<typeStatus id="09193EE9FFD23E0EFCF97A692BA9FB8C" box="[838,900,1122,1148]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">types</typeStatus>
of body wall ossicles it comes close to most species currently classified in
<taxonomicName id="11A2FBC8FFD23E0EFE407A832A67FB51" box="[511,586,1160,1185]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Ocnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E4D65C59FFD23E0EFE407A832A67FB51" box="[511,586,1160,1185]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Ocnus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, notably
<taxonomicName id="11A2FBC8FFD23E0EFD047A832BD9FB52" authority="Forbes, 1841" authorityName="Forbes" authorityYear="1841" box="[699,1012,1160,1186]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Ocnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="brunneus">
<emphasis id="E4D65C59FFD23E0EFD047A832B63FB51" box="[699,846,1160,1185]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<collectingCountry id="AEB5C0DBFFD23E0EFD047A832AFEFB51" box="[699,723,1160,1185]" name="Iceland" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">O</collectingCountry>
. brunneus
</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="B233FDBAFFD23E0EFCE97A832BD9FB52" author="Forbes" box="[854,1012,1160,1186]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Forbes, E. (1841) A History of British Starfishes and other Animals of the Class Echinodermata. John van Voorst, London, 167 pp." type="book" year="1841">Forbes, 1841</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="11A2FBC8FFD23E0EFBBE7A832D0DFB52" authority="Forbes, 1841" authorityName="Forbes" authorityYear="1841" box="[1025,1312,1160,1186]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Ocnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="lacteus">
<emphasis id="E4D65C59FFD23E0EFBBE7A832C57FB51" box="[1025,1146,1160,1185]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<collectingCountry id="AEB5C0DBFFD23E0EFBBE7A832C34FB51" box="[1025,1049,1160,1185]" name="Iceland" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">O</collectingCountry>
. lacteus
</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="B233FDBAFFD23E0EFB3D7A832D0DFB52" author="Forbes" box="[1154,1312,1160,1186]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Forbes, E. (1841) A History of British Starfishes and other Animals of the Class Echinodermata. John van Voorst, London, 167 pp." type="book" year="1841">Forbes, 1841</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="11A2FBC8FFD23E0EFA927A832968FB37" authority="Brandt, 1835" authorityName="Brandt" authorityYear="1835" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Ocnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="planci">
<emphasis id="E4D65C59FFD23E0EFA927A832DB1FB51" box="[1325,1436,1160,1185]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<collectingCountry id="AEB5C0DBFFD23E0EFA927A832D6BFB51" box="[1325,1350,1160,1185]" name="Iceland" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">O</collectingCountry>
. planci
</emphasis>
(Brandt, 1835)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="11A2FBC8FFD23E0EFEEE7AA62AAFFB37" authority="Dendy, 1897" authorityName="Dendy" authorityYear="1897" box="[337,642,1197,1223]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Ocnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="calcareus">
<emphasis id="E4D65C59FFD23E0EFEEE7AA629C8FB36" box="[337,485,1197,1222]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<collectingCountry id="AEB5C0DBFFD23E0EFEEE7AA62944FB36" box="[337,361,1197,1222]" name="Iceland" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">O</collectingCountry>
. calcareus
</emphasis>
Dendy, 1897
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="11A2FBC8FFD23E0EFD317AA62B92FB37" authority="Theel, 1886" authorityName="Theel" authorityYear="1886" box="[654,959,1197,1223]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Ocnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="capensis">
<emphasis id="E4D65C59FFD23E0EFD317AA62B3BFB36" box="[654,790,1197,1222]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<collectingCountry id="AEB5C0DBFFD23E0EFD317AA62A8BFB36" box="[654,678,1197,1222]" name="Iceland" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">O</collectingCountry>
. capensis
</emphasis>
(Théel, 1886)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="11A2FBC8FFD23E0EFC757AA62D6AFB37" authority="Cherbonnier, 1953" authorityName="Cherbonnier" authorityYear="1953" box="[970,1351,1197,1223]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Ocnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="corbulus">
<emphasis id="E4D65C59FFD23E0EFC757AA62C79FB36" box="[970,1108,1197,1222]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<collectingCountry id="AEB5C0DBFFD23E0EFC757AA62BCFFB36" box="[970,994,1197,1222]" name="Iceland" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">O</collectingCountry>
. corbulus
</emphasis>
(Cherbonnier, 1953)
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="11A2FBC8FFD23E0EFAC07AA629BCFB1C" authority="Thandar, 2008" authorityName="Thandar" authorityYear="2008" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Ocnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="rowei">
<emphasis id="E4D65C59FFD23E0EFAC07AA628F4FB1C" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<collectingCountry id="AEB5C0DBFFD23E0EFAC07AA62DBAFB36" box="[1407,1431,1197,1222]" name="Iceland" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">O</collectingCountry>
. rowei
</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="B233FDBAFFD23E0EFF5D7AD929BCFB1C" author="Thandar" box="[226,401,1234,1260]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Thandar, A. S. (2008) Additions to the holothuroid fauna of the southern African temperate faunistic provinces, with descriptions of new species. Zootaxa, 1697, 1 - 57." type="journal article" year="2008">Thandar, 2008</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, but not
<taxonomicName id="11A2FBC8FFD23E0EFE447AD82B36FB1C" authority="Bell, 1883" authorityName="Bell" authorityYear="1883" box="[507,795,1234,1260]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Ocnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="vicarius">
<emphasis id="E4D65C59FFD23E0EFE447AD82AADFB1C" box="[507,640,1235,1260]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<collectingCountry id="AEB5C0DBFFD23E0EFE447AD82A39FB1C" box="[507,532,1235,1260]" name="Iceland" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">O</collectingCountry>
. vicarius
</emphasis>
(Bell, 1883)
</taxonomicName>
, which is characterised by cup-like baskets.
<collectingCountry id="AEB5C0DBFFD23E0EFA8E7AD92D7FFB1C" box="[1329,1362,1234,1260]" name="American Samoa" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">As</collectingCountry>
far as satisfying the characters of the
<typeStatus id="09193EE9FFD23E0EFDB77AF32A16FAE2" box="[520,571,1272,1298]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">type</typeStatus>
species depends on which species is really the
<typeStatus id="09193EE9FFD23E0EFBD37AF32CB2FAE2" box="[1132,1183,1272,1298]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">type</typeStatus>
species of the genus.
<bibRefCitation id="B233FDBAFFD23E0EFF287B162911FAC7" author="Forbes" box="[151,316,1309,1335]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Forbes, E. (1841) A History of British Starfishes and other Animals of the Class Echinodermata. John van Voorst, London, 167 pp." type="book" year="1841">Forbes (1841)</bibRefCitation>
chose
<taxonomicName id="11A2FBC8FFD23E0EFE337B162A31FAC6" box="[396,540,1309,1334]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Ocnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="brunneus">
<emphasis id="E4D65C59FFD23E0EFE337B162A31FAC6" box="[396,540,1309,1334]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<collectingCountry id="AEB5C0DBFFD23E0EFE337B162989FAC6" box="[396,420,1309,1334]" name="Iceland" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">O</collectingCountry>
. brunneus
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as the
<typeStatus id="09193EE9FFD23E0EFDD27B162AB2FAC7" box="[621,671,1309,1335]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">type</typeStatus>
species of his genus but according to
<bibRefCitation id="B233FDBAFFD23E0EFBE67B162D23FAC7" author="Panning" box="[1113,1294,1309,1335]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Panning, A. (1971) Bemerkungen uber die Holothurien _ Families Cucumaridae (Ordnung Dendrochirota) 6. Teil (Schluss). Mitteilungen aus dem Hamburgischen Zoologischen museum und Institut, 67, 29 - 51." type="journal article" year="1971">Panning (1971)</bibRefCitation>
<taxonomicName id="11A2FBC8FFD23E0EFAAB7B162DACFAC6" box="[1300,1409,1309,1334]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Ocnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="brunneus">
<emphasis id="E4D65C59FFD23E0EFAAB7B162DACFAC6" box="[1300,1409,1309,1334]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">brunneus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a synonym of
<taxonomicName id="11A2FBC8FFD23E0EFEF37B482A4DFAAC" authority="Brandt, 1835" authorityName="Brandt" authorityYear="1835" box="[332,608,1346,1372]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Ocnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="planci">
<emphasis id="E4D65C59FFD23E0EFEF37B4829B6FAAC" box="[332,411,1347,1372]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">planci</emphasis>
(Brandt, 1835)
</taxonomicName>
, while
<bibRefCitation id="B233FDBAFFD23E0EFD027B492B49FAAC" author="Rowe" box="[701,868,1346,1372]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Rowe, F. W. E. (1970) A note on the British species of Cucumarians involving the erection of two new nominal genera. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 50, 683 - 387." type="journal volume" year="1970">Rowe (1970)</bibRefCitation>
, following
<bibRefCitation id="B233FDBAFFD23E0EFC497B492CF7FAAC" author="Mortensen" box="[1014,1242,1346,1372]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Mortensen, T. (1927) Handbook of the Echinoderms of the British Isles. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 471 pp." type="book" year="1927">Mortensen (1927)</bibRefCitation>
, suggested that
<taxonomicName id="11A2FBC8FFD23E0EFF287B63292BFA71" box="[151,262,1384,1409]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Ocnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="brunneus">
<emphasis id="E4D65C59FFD23E0EFF287B63292BFA71" box="[151,262,1384,1409]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">brunneus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a synonym of
<taxonomicName id="11A2FBC8FFD23E0EFE697B632A06FA71" box="[470,555,1384,1409]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Ocnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="lacteus">
<emphasis id="E4D65C59FFD23E0EFE697B632A06FA71" box="[470,555,1384,1409]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">lacteus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and hence
<taxonomicName id="11A2FBC8FFD23E0EFD0B7B632B24FA71" box="[692,777,1384,1409]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Ocnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="lacteus">
<emphasis id="E4D65C59FFD23E0EFD0B7B632B24FA71" box="[692,777,1384,1409]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">lacteus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
should replace
<taxonomicName id="11A2FBC8FFD23E0EFC777B632C1AFA71" box="[968,1079,1384,1409]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Ocnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="brunneus">
<emphasis id="E4D65C59FFD23E0EFC777B632C1AFA71" box="[968,1079,1384,1409]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">brunneus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as the
<typeStatus id="09193EE9FFD23E0EFB327B632CEDFA72" box="[1165,1216,1384,1410]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">type</typeStatus>
species of
<taxonomicName id="11A2FBC8FFD23E0EFAF77B632DB9FA71" box="[1352,1428,1384,1409]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Ocnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E4D65C59FFD23E0EFAF77B632DB9FA71" box="[1352,1428,1384,1409]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Ocnus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation id="B233FDBAFFD23E0EFF287B862970FA57" author="McKenzie" box="[151,349,1421,1447]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="McKenzie, J. D. (1984) Description of a neotype for the holothurian Ocnus brunneus (Forbes MS in Thompson 1840) from Strangford Lough, Northern Ireland (Holothuroidea: Dendrochirotida). Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History (Zoology), 47 (5), 265 - 272." type="journal article" year="1984">McKenzie (1984</bibRefCitation>
&amp;
<bibRefCitation id="B233FDBAFFD23E0EFE3C7B862992FA57" author="McKenzie" box="[387,447,1421,1447]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="McKenzie, J. D. (1991) The taxonomy and natural history of north European dendrochirote holothurians (Echinodermata). Journal of Natural History, 25, 123 - 171." type="journal article" year="1991">1991</bibRefCitation>
) as the last reviser, attempted to separate the above three species and his suggestion should be accepted that
<taxonomicName id="11A2FBC8FFD23E0EFE0F7BB82A30FA3C" box="[432,541,1459,1484]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Ocnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="brunneus">
<emphasis id="E4D65C59FFD23E0EFE0F7BB82A30FA3C" box="[432,541,1459,1484]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">brunneus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
must be retained as the
<typeStatus id="09193EE9FFD23E0EFC867BB92B46FA3C" box="[825,875,1458,1484]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">type</typeStatus>
species of this genus.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D61D804BFFD23E0EFF797BD328DCF95C" blockId="3.[151,1437,152,1708]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
In the presence of a single row of tube feet, multilocular plates in the body wall together with other small plates/buttons, the new species agrees with both
<taxonomicName id="11A2FBC8FFD23E0EFD597BF62B51F9E6" box="[742,892,1533,1558]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Ocnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="brunneus">
<emphasis id="E4D65C59FFD23E0EFD597BF62B51F9E6" box="[742,892,1533,1558]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<collectingCountry id="AEB5C0DBFFD23E0EFD597BF62AD2F9E6" box="[742,767,1533,1558]" name="Iceland" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">O</collectingCountry>
. brunneus
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="11A2FBC8FFD23E0EFC077BF62C1FF9E6" box="[952,1074,1533,1558]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Ocnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="lacteus">
<emphasis id="E4D65C59FFD23E0EFC077BF62C1FF9E6" box="[952,1074,1533,1558]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<collectingCountry id="AEB5C0DBFFD23E0EFC077BF62BFCF9E6" box="[952,977,1533,1558]" name="Iceland" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">O</collectingCountry>
. lacteus
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. However, its large plates are always knobbed and never smooth and its other plates are minute and, unlike those of
<taxonomicName id="11A2FBC8FFD23E0EFB2D78282D27F9CC" box="[1170,1290,1571,1596]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Ocnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="lacteus">
<emphasis id="E4D65C59FFD23E0EFB2D78282D27F9CC" box="[1170,1290,1571,1596]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<collectingCountry id="AEB5C0DBFFD23E0EFB2D78282C87F9CC" box="[1170,1194,1571,1596]" name="Iceland" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">O</collectingCountry>
. lacteus
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, never fourholed but complex and multilocular, resembling in form the large plates. The tube feet ossicles are also different from those of the other species of
<taxonomicName id="11A2FBC8FFD23E0EFD1878662ADEF976" box="[679,755,1645,1670]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Ocnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E4D65C59FFD23E0EFD1878662ADEF976" box="[679,755,1645,1670]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Ocnus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but the end-plates resemble those of both
<taxonomicName id="11A2FBC8FFD23E0EFB4678662D44F976" box="[1273,1385,1645,1670]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Ocnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="brunneus">
<emphasis id="E4D65C59FFD23E0EFB4678662D44F976" box="[1273,1385,1645,1670]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">brunneus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="11A2FBC8FFD23E0EFF28789828C7F95C" box="[151,234,1683,1708]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Ocnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="lacteus">
<emphasis id="E4D65C59FFD23E0EFF28789828C7F95C" box="[151,234,1683,1708]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">lacteus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<document id="414A89E4F72903E4DD7C0D9F878DD51F" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.198925" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b168cdce-1f22-42a6-ace6-f5ae1856cde3" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="198925" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460317550632" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Thandar, Ahmed S., Zettler, Michael L. &amp; Arumugam, Preyan" docDate="2010" docId="5E0B315DFFD23E0BFF2879092B69F8EC" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02655p024.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2655" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Ocnus paracorbulus Thandar, Zettler &amp; Arumugam, 2010, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="7" masterDocId="A2324925FFD13E0DFFBF7E0B282DFFF0" masterDocTitle="Additions to the sea cucumber fauna of Namibia and Angola, with descriptions of new taxa (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea)" masterLastPageNumber="24" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="4" updateTime="1698255494658" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="3A826B48863B7AFD6D8D9682C9A4E417">Additions to the sea cucumber fauna of Namibia and Angola, with descriptions of new taxa (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="3D45D4C0A25D535AD661D205ECCBFF44">Thandar, Ahmed S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="80CA213AF688BE776AF85AB42D9EB3FE">Zettler, Michael L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="3D1BEAA697D53ABEEFA185BA4BCA4777">Arumugam, Preyan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="30EF6E3AAB78C89CF4244E212750044C">2010</mods:date>
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<mods:identifier id="17DCE3DFCEEB08C09BC58A86D885FE36" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.198925</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="DE407DC48F7A5C1567997CA32CCB8512" type="Zenodo-Dep">198925</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="5E0B315DFFD23E0BFF2879092B69F8EC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6204525" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119401934" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6204525" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:D6BDCE4F-B311-482D-ABF7-A5E52BA26E72" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5E0B315DFFD23E0BFF2879092B69F8EC" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<subSubSection id="9EB8D3C0FFD23E0EFF2879092915F8CF" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="D61D804BFFD23E0EFF28790929FAF8EC" blockId="3.[151,471,1794,1855]" box="[151,471,1794,1820]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<heading id="8D553727FFD23E0EFF28790929FAF8EC" bold="true" box="[151,471,1794,1820]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" reason="1">
<emphasis id="E4D65C59FFD23E0EFF28790929FAF8EC" bold="true" box="[151,471,1794,1820]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<taxonomicName id="11A2FBC8FFD23E0EFF28790929A0F8EC" ID-CoL="48H5M" box="[151,397,1794,1820]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Ocnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="paracorbulus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="E4D65C59FFD23E0EFF28790929A0F8EC" bold="true" box="[151,397,1794,1820]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Ocnus paracorbulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="FFE5E122FFD23E0EFE2A790929FAF8EC" box="[405,471,1794,1820]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D61D804BFFD23E0EFF28792E2915F8CF" blockId="3.[151,471,1794,1855]" box="[151,312,1829,1855]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<figureCitation id="4E999CCEFFD23E0EFF28792E2928F8CF" box="[151,261,1829,1855]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,257,1944,1968]" captionTargetBox="[155,1431,202,1911]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[150,1436,197,1919]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Ocnus paracorbulus n. sp. Holotype, SAM A 28094. A. Specimen entire, dorsal and ventral surface; B. calcareous ring; C. spiky baskets from the body wall; D. knobbed plates from the body wall; E. oral plates." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198927/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figures 2</figureCitation>
&amp;
<figureCitation id="4E999CCEFFD23E0EFE95792E2915F8CF" box="[298,312,1829,1855]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,259,1570,1594]" captionTargetBox="[165,1428,200,1541]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[150,1436,185,1557]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Ocnus paracorbulus n. sp. Holotype, SAM A 28094. A. Tube feet deposits; B. endplate; C. tentacle deposits." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198928/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">3</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="9EB8D3C0FFD23E08FF28796429E3F8C2" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="D61D804BFFD23E08FF28796429E3F8C2" blockId="3.[151,1437,1903,2004]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1436,1667,2029]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="E4D65C59FFD23E0EFF2879642937F879" bold="true" box="[151,282,1903,1929]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Minute (
<quantity id="115A2DAEFFD23E0EFE35797B29FBF87A" box="[394,470,1904,1930]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
), barrel-shaped yellowish-white species, currently represented by only juvenile. Mouth covered by scales; tentacles 10, ventral-most two reduced; anal teeth present. Tube feet restricted to ambulacra in single, straight or zigzag rows. Calcareous ring simple. Polian vesicle single. Ossicles of body wall an external layer of baskets and an inner layer of plates. Baskets deep, cup-like, rims variable in form, with pronounced spines, best developed at corners, if rim squarish, or all round; base cross-shaped, spiny. Plates well developed, usually multilocular. Tube feet deposits include curved or straight, smooth perforated rods and plates, with slightly “spined”/knobbed margins. End-plates stellate. Tentacles with mostly smooth, perforated rods and plates.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="82DDD0C3FFD53E09FF2879932D27F823" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198927/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" targetBox="[155,1431,202,1911]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="D61D804BFFD53E09FF2879932D27F823" blockId="4.[151,1436,1944,2003]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="E4D65C59FFD53E09FF2879932A7CF840" bold="true" box="[151,593,1944,1968]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
FIGURE 2.
<taxonomicName id="11A2FBC8FFD53E09FE9A79932A26F840" box="[293,523,1944,1968]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Ocnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="paracorbulus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="E4D65C59FFD53E09FE9A79932A26F840" bold="true" box="[293,523,1944,1968]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Ocnus paracorbulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="FFE5E122FFD53E09FDAC79932A7CF840" box="[531,593,1944,1968]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
Holotype, SAM A28094. A. Specimen entire, dorsal and ventral surface; B. calcareous ring; C. spiky baskets from the body wall; D. knobbed plates from the body wall; E. oral plates.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="82DDD0C3FFD43E08FF28782928D8F9AA" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198928/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" targetBox="[165,1428,200,1541]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="D61D804BFFD43E08FF28782928D8F9AA" blockId="5.[151,1436,1570,1626]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="E4D65C59FFD43E08FF2878292A73F9CA" bold="true" box="[151,606,1570,1594]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
FIGURE 3.
<taxonomicName id="11A2FBC8FFD43E08FE9778292A3BF9CA" box="[296,534,1570,1594]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Ocnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="paracorbulus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="E4D65C59FFD43E08FE9778292A3BF9CA" bold="true" box="[296,534,1570,1594]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Ocnus paracorbulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="FFE5E122FFD43E08FDA278292A73F9CA" box="[541,606,1570,1594]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
Holotype, SAM A28094. A. Tube feet deposits; B. endplate; C. tentacle deposits.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="9EB8D3C0FFD43E08FF79793628F4F88D" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="D61D804BFFD43E08FF79793628F4F88D" blockId="5.[151,1436,1667,2029]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="E4D65C59FFD43E08FF797936297EF8A7" bold="true" box="[198,339,1853,1879]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Etymology.</emphasis>
The species is so named because of its obvious resemblance to
<taxonomicName id="11A2FBC8FFD43E08FBFC793528F8F88D" authority="Cherbonnier, 1953" authorityName="Cherbonnier" authorityYear="1953" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Ocnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="corbulus">
<emphasis id="E4D65C59FFD43E08FBFC79352CD1F8A7" box="[1091,1276,1854,1879]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Ocnus corbulus</emphasis>
Cherbonnier, 1953
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="9EB8D3C0FFD43E08FF7979832904F81D" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="D61D804BFFD43E08FF7979832904F81D" blockId="5.[151,1436,1667,2029]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="E4D65C59FFD43E08FF7979832996F852" bold="true" box="[198,443,1928,1954]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Material examined.</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="09193EE9FFD43E08FE7C79822A03F852" box="[451,558,1929,1954]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="holotype">
<emphasis id="E4D65C59FFD43E08FE7C79822A03F852" box="[451,558,1929,1954]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Holotype</emphasis>
</typeStatus>
(? juvenile),
<collectionCode id="B0B3188EFFD43E08FD7379832B21F852" box="[716,780,1928,1954]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/mhew-9czz" name="South African Museum" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">SAM</collectionCode>
A28094, Kunene, stn. BE17, Hole 1,
<collectingCountry id="AEB5C0DBFFD43E08FB7179832D1EF852" box="[1230,1331,1928,1954]" name="Namibia" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Namibia</collectingCountry>
17. 316º S,
<geoCoordinate id="B396E68CFFD43E08FF0679A6291BF837" box="[185,310,1965,1991]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" precision="55" value="11.723">11.723º E</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="A21CA68BFFD43E08FEFC79A62992F837" box="[323,447,1965,1991]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="2008-03-05">5.iii.2008</date>
, 26 m, Zettler;
<typeStatus id="09193EE9FFD43E08FD3D79A52AD2F837" box="[642,767,1966,1991]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="paratype">
<emphasis id="E4D65C59FFD43E08FD3D79A52AD2F837" box="[642,767,1966,1991]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Paratypes</emphasis>
</typeStatus>
,
<collectionCode id="B0B3188EFFD43E08FCAF79A62B7FF837" box="[784,850,1965,1991]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/mhew-9czz" name="South African Museum" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">SAM</collectionCode>
A28095, same data as
<typeStatus id="09193EE9FFD43E08FBC979A62CCBF837" box="[1142,1254,1965,1991]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
,
<specimenCount id="C0A44BC2FFD43E08FB4B79A62DB1F837" box="[1268,1436,1965,1991]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="generic">16 specimens</specimenCount>
(?juveniles).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="9EB8D3C0FFD73E0BFF797E9C2928FB52" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="description">
<paragraph id="D61D804BFFD73E0BFF797E9C2957FE62" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1820]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="E4D65C59FFD73E0BFF797E9C29DDFF41" bold="true" box="[198,496,151,177]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
Description of
<typeStatus id="09193EE9FFD73E0BFEC27E9C29C6FF41" box="[381,491,151,177]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
Specimen minute,
<quantity id="115A2DAEFFD73E0BFD6F7E932B39FF42" box="[720,788,152,178]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
long,
<quantity id="115A2DAEFFD73E0BFCE27E932B8DFF42" box="[861,928,152,178]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
wide in mid-body. Colour yellowish white; body barrel-shaped (
<figureCitation id="4E999CCEFFD73E0BFE267EB62A2BFF27" box="[409,518,189,215]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,257,1944,1968]" captionTargetBox="[155,1431,202,1911]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[150,1436,197,1919]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Ocnus paracorbulus n. sp. Holotype, SAM A 28094. A. Specimen entire, dorsal and ventral surface; B. calcareous ring; C. spiky baskets from the body wall; D. knobbed plates from the body wall; E. oral plates." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198927/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figure 2</figureCitation>
A). Mouth and anus terminal; the former covered by scales; tentacles 10, retracted, well-branched, ventral-most two reduced; anal teeth minute. Tube feet restricted to the ambulacra in single rows, better developed ventrally where they appear in a single zigzag row on the mid-ventral ambulacrum and in single straight rows in the other two ventral ambulacra, reduced dorsally in two single rows. Suckers well developed, diameter slightly larger than that of the tube foot. Body wall opaque, thin, soft, filled with ossicles.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D61D804BFFD73E0BFF797F962DA8FDBC" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1820]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
Calcareous ring (
<figureCitation id="4E999CCEFFD73E0BFE2B7F9629D1FE47" box="[404,508,413,439]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,257,1944,1968]" captionTargetBox="[155,1431,202,1911]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[150,1436,197,1919]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Ocnus paracorbulus n. sp. Holotype, SAM A 28094. A. Specimen entire, dorsal and ventral surface; B. calcareous ring; C. spiky baskets from the body wall; D. knobbed plates from the body wall; E. oral plates." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198927/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figure 2</figureCitation>
B) delicate, simple, typically cucumariid, radial plates anteriorly bifid with a medial depression for attachment of retractor muscle; interradial plates triangular; posterior margin of ring undulating. Polian vesicle single, large, sac-like; stone canal short, straight, madreporite apparently beanshaped. Longitudinal muscles as single strands, retractors arise anteriorly. Gonad absent. Respiratory trees branched, right one longer, left one more branched, but restricted to posterior half of body. Cloaca elongate.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D61D804BFFD73E0BFF797C532D2FFBC2" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1820]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
Ossicles of the body wall comprise an external layer of baskets and an internal layer of plates. Baskets (
<figureCitation id="4E999CCEFFD73E0BFF207C762929FD67" box="[159,260,637,663]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,257,1944,1968]" captionTargetBox="[155,1431,202,1911]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[150,1436,197,1919]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Ocnus paracorbulus n. sp. Holotype, SAM A 28094. A. Specimen entire, dorsal and ventral surface; B. calcareous ring; C. spiky baskets from the body wall; D. knobbed plates from the body wall; E. oral plates." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198927/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figure 2</figureCitation>
C) well developed, deep, cup-like with an oval, circular or squarish rim with well developed spines, mostly at corners of the rim if rim squarish, in others equally well developed but all around the rim (24.5–39 µm, mean 31.35µm, ± 4.46, n = 10). Base of basket typically cross-shaped with spines distributed medially and at ends of cross. Plates (
<figureCitation id="4E999CCEFFD73E0BFE4F7CE62A75FCF7" box="[496,600,749,775]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,257,1944,1968]" captionTargetBox="[155,1431,202,1911]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[150,1436,197,1919]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Ocnus paracorbulus n. sp. Holotype, SAM A 28094. A. Specimen entire, dorsal and ventral surface; B. calcareous ring; C. spiky baskets from the body wall; D. knobbed plates from the body wall; E. oral plates." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198927/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figure 2</figureCitation>
D) exceptionally well developed (98.5–207.5 µm, mean 155.1 µm, ± 30.67, n = 10), multilocular, finely knobbed around margins and on surface, margins uneven, some plates with fewer holes (four or more), but these are perhaps developing large plates. Tube feet deposits (
<figureCitation id="4E999CCEFFD73E0BFAAB7D332D56FCA2" box="[1300,1403,824,850]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,259,1570,1594]" captionTargetBox="[165,1428,200,1541]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[150,1436,185,1557]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Ocnus paracorbulus n. sp. Holotype, SAM A 28094. A. Tube feet deposits; B. endplate; C. tentacle deposits." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198928/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figure 3</figureCitation>
A) include curved or straight, smooth perforated rods and plates, with uneven slightly “spined” margins, the latter more prominent in the wider part of the ossicle (83–118.5 µm, mean 93.8 µm, ± 9.95, n = 10). Suckers supported by stellate end-plates (
<figureCitation id="4E999CCEFFD73E0BFDA57DA32A53FC32" box="[538,638,936,962]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,259,1570,1594]" captionTargetBox="[165,1428,200,1541]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[150,1436,185,1557]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Ocnus paracorbulus n. sp. Holotype, SAM A 28094. A. Tube feet deposits; B. endplate; C. tentacle deposits." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198928/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figure 3</figureCitation>
B) bearing relatively few perforations. Mouth surrounded by larger, elongated plates (up to 320 µm) with knobs usually developed at one end which is also narrowed and slightly spinous (
<figureCitation id="4E999CCEFFD73E0BFF407DF92949FBFC" box="[255,356,1010,1036]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,257,1944,1968]" captionTargetBox="[155,1431,202,1911]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[150,1436,197,1919]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Ocnus paracorbulus n. sp. Holotype, SAM A 28094. A. Specimen entire, dorsal and ventral surface; B. calcareous ring; C. spiky baskets from the body wall; D. knobbed plates from the body wall; E. oral plates." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198927/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figure 2</figureCitation>
E). Anal region with smooth, perforated plates with marginal knobs or spines. Tentacles with mostly smooth, perforated rods and plates (up to 64 µm) (
<figureCitation id="4E999CCEFFD73E0BFC847A132B8DFBC2" box="[827,928,1048,1074]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,259,1570,1594]" captionTargetBox="[165,1428,200,1541]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[150,1436,185,1557]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Ocnus paracorbulus n. sp. Holotype, SAM A 28094. A. Tube feet deposits; B. endplate; C. tentacle deposits." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198928/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figure 3</figureCitation>
C). Introvert without deposits.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D61D804BFFD73E0BFF797A362928FB52" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1820]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="E4D65C59FFD73E0BFF797A362A2FFBA7" bold="true" box="[198,514,1085,1111]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
Description of
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.
</emphasis>
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long, barrel-shaped, smaller specimens almost rounded. Tube feet as in
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but in some well extended and fairly elongated, reaching about
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in length. Deposits as in
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.
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</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="9EB8D3C0FFD73E0BFF797AA62BE7FB1C" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="distribution">
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<emphasis id="E4D65C59FFD73E0BFF797AA6294AFB37" bold="true" box="[198,359,1197,1223]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Distribution.</emphasis>
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locality only,
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.
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<emphasis id="E4D65C59FFD73E0BFF797AD92903FB1C" bold="true" box="[198,302,1234,1260]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Habitat.</emphasis>
Shells of brachiopod
<taxonomicName id="11A2FBC8FFD73E0BFD907AD82BEBFB1C" authority="Sowerby, 1847" authorityName="Sowerby" authorityYear="1847" box="[559,966,1234,1260]" class="Lingulata" family="Discinidae" genus="Discinisca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lingulida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="tenuis">
<emphasis id="E4D65C59FFD73E0BFD907AD82AD5FB1C" box="[559,760,1235,1260]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Discinisca tenuis</emphasis>
(Sowerby, 1847)
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.
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<emphasis id="E4D65C59FFD73E0BFF797AFC2912FAE1" bold="true" box="[198,319,1271,1297]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Remarks.</emphasis>
Since the
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, the largest specimen in the series, lacks a gonad, it is obviously a juvenile. Hence, it is concluded that the entire material is juvenile. Despite this, a full complement of ossicles appears to be present and therefore the entire material is here treated as representing a new species. Since baskets of the form here described, in combination with the knobbed plates and the absence of button-like deposits, do not occur in any nominal species of
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<emphasis id="E4D65C59FFD73E0BFDEB7B862A8CFA56" box="[596,673,1421,1446]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Ocnus</emphasis>
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, it is highly likely that the material may be referable to a new genus, but lack of adults prevents this action. It is noteworthy that the pedicel end-plates are typically of the
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<emphasis id="E4D65C59FFD73E0BFF287BD328C9FA01" box="[151,228,1496,1521]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Ocnus</emphasis>
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and the baskets bear a close resemblance to those described for
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<emphasis id="E4D65C59FFD73E0BFB907BD32CC0FA01" box="[1071,1261,1496,1521]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Ocnus corbulus</emphasis>
(Cherbonnier, 1953)
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from False Bay,
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. However, the latter species, described from a
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adult, has two rows of tube feet per ambulacrum, end-plates are absent and in addition to the huge plates which resemble those of the current material, there are other knobbed plates with one end spinous/denticulate, with the spines borne on a short handle. Such plates are of the ‘
<taxonomicName id="11A2FBC8FFD73E0BFDDF78662B4AF976" box="[608,871,1645,1670]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Pseudocnella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="insolens">
<emphasis id="E4D65C59FFD73E0BFDDF78662B4AF976" box="[608,871,1645,1670]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Pseudocnella insolens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
’
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and are absent in the new species, except for a few very large ones at the oral end. The possibility therefore exists that such plates and the multiplication of tube feet may be a later development and the new species may turn out to be juvenile of
<taxonomicName id="11A2FBC8FFD73E0BFB0478B32D68F921" box="[1211,1349,1720,1745]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Ocnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="corbulus">
<emphasis id="E4D65C59FFD73E0BFB0478B32D68F921" box="[1211,1349,1720,1745]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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. corbulus
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but the lack of any intermediates prevents this conclusion. A critical look at all related genera of
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<emphasis id="E4D65C59FFD73E0BFB0878D62D2FF906" box="[1207,1282,1757,1782]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Ocnus</emphasis>
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excludes the possibility of referring the current material to any of them.
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Genus
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<emphasis id="E4D65C59FFD63E0AFF287954293FF889" bold="true" box="[151,274,1887,1913]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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<mods:classification id="87E32561F16F8995615BFBF5B69D3B82">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="E1D4D9E776326B7ADC3D73CBF4AFCA00" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.198925</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="5E0B315DFFD63E0AFF287F962AD3F98A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6204532" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119401931" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6204532" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5E0B315DFFD63E0AFF287F962AD3F98A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5E0B315DFFD63E0AFF287F962AD3F98A" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<subSubSection id="9EB8D3C0FFD63E0AFF287F9628D7FE2A" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="D61D804BFFD63E0AFF287F962A57FE47" blockId="7.[151,634,413,474]" box="[151,634,413,439]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<heading id="8D553727FFD63E0AFF287F962A57FE47" bold="true" box="[151,634,413,439]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="11A2FBC8FFD63E0AFF287F962A57FE47" ID-CoL="c0292f31-c61d-4233-a85f-48d058b48ced" authority="Cherbonnier, 1958" authorityName="Cherbonnier" authorityYear="1958" box="[151,634,413,439]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Trachythyone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="fallax">
<emphasis id="E4D65C59FFD63E0AFF287F962A57FE47" bold="true" box="[151,634,413,439]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="E4D65C59FFD63E0AFF287F9629A6FE47" bold="true" box="[151,395,413,439]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Trachythyone fallax</emphasis>
Cherbonnier, 1958
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D61D804BFFD63E0AFF287FCB28D7FE2A" blockId="7.[151,634,413,474]" box="[151,250,448,474]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<figureCitation id="4E999CCEFFD63E0AFF287FCB28D7FE2A" box="[151,250,448,474]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,255,1822,1846]" captionTargetBox="[153,1434,209,1781]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1435,197,1799]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Trachythyone fallax Cherbonnier, 1958. SAM A 28096. A. Specimen entire; B. deep baskets from the body wall; C. body wall plates; D. rods from tube feet; E. plates from tube feet." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198929/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figure 4</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="9EB8D3C0FFD63E0AFF287C012934FDB1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="D61D804BFFD63E0AFF287C012934FDB1" blockId="7.[151,1436,522,577]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="F6B2A765FFD63E0AFF287C012934FDB1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<taxonomicName id="11A2FBC8FFD63E0AFF287C012AA6FDD1" ID-CoL="c0292f31-c61d-4233-a85f-48d058b48ced" authority="Cherbonnier, 1958a: 101" authorityName="Cherbonnier" authorityPageNumber="101" authorityYear="1958" box="[151,651,522,545]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Trachythyone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="fallax">
<emphasis id="E4D65C59FFD63E0AFF287C01295DFDD1" box="[151,368,522,545]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Trachythyone fallax</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="5703A65AFFD63E0AFEC47C012AA6FDD1" author="Cherbonnier" box="[379,651,522,545]" page="101" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" year="1958">
<bibRefCitation id="B233FDBAFFD63E0AFEC47C012A78FDD1" author="Cherbonnier" box="[379,597,522,545]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refString="Cherbonnier, G. (1958 a) Holothuries des cotes de Sierra-Leone 2 e note. Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris 2 e serie. 30, 101 - 108." type="journal article" year="1958" yearSuffix="a">Cherbonnier, 1958a</bibRefCitation>
: 101
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
–102, 1 text figure;
<treatmentCitation id="5703A65AFFD63E0AFCCE7C012C76FDD1" author="Cherbonnier" box="[881,1115,522,545]" page="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" year="1965">
<bibRefCitation id="B233FDBAFFD63E0AFCCE7C012C12FDD1" author="Cherbonnier" box="[881,1087,522,545]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refString="Cherbonnier, G. (1965) Expedition Oceanographique Belge dans les Eaux Cotieres Africaines de l'Atlantique Sud (1948 - 1949). Resultats Scientifiques: Holothurides. Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique 3 (2), 3 - 23." type="journal article" year="1965">Cherbonnier, 1965</bibRefCitation>
: 6
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="5703A65AFFD63E0AFBCA7C012D60FDD1" author="Massin" box="[1141,1357,522,545]" page="415" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" year="1993">
<bibRefCitation id="B233FDBAFFD63E0AFBCA7C012D25FDD1" author="Massin" box="[1141,1288,522,545]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refString="Massin, C. (1993) The Holothurioidea (Echinodermata) collected during the Tyro Mauritania-II expedition 1988. Zoologische Mededelingen (Leiden), 67, 397 - 429." type="journal article" year="1993">Massin, 1993</bibRefCitation>
: 415
</treatmentCitation>
, 3 text figures.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="9EB8D3C0FFD63E0AFF287C642D3BFC44" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="D61D804BFFD63E0AFF287C642D3BFC44" blockId="7.[151,1437,623,1658]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="E4D65C59FFD63E0AFF287C642938FD79" bold="true" box="[151,277,623,649]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Diagnosis</emphasis>
(after
<bibRefCitation id="B233FDBAFFD63E0AFED67C7B2A75FD7A" author="Cherbonnier" box="[361,600,624,650]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refString="Cherbonnier, G. (1958 a) Holothuries des cotes de Sierra-Leone 2 e note. Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris 2 e serie. 30, 101 - 108." type="journal article" year="1958" yearSuffix="a">Cherbonnier 1958a</bibRefCitation>
, Massin, 1963, modified herein). Length up to
<quantity id="115A2DAEFFD63E0AFB1E7C7B2D27FD7A" box="[1185,1290,624,650]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="mm" value="100.0">100 mm</quantity>
. Body form curved. Colour greyish-white in alcohol. Skin thin, rigid, packed with ossicles, large plates imbricating. Tube feet restricted to ambulacra in 1–2 rows, better developed mid-ventrally. Suckers reduced, end-plates absent. Anal teeth absent. Tentacles 10, mid-ventral two reduced. Calcareous ring delicate, radial and interradial plates anteriorly bifid. Polian vesicle and stone canal single. Ossicles of body wall comprise an external layer of deep cup-like baskets (24–60 µm) with a cross-shaped base and 6–8 marginal digitations and an inner layer of smooth multilocular plates of various form and size, 215–700 µm. Tube feet supported by rods (68–420 µm) and small perforated plates, the former curved, with or without perforated ends and with one or more medial projections. Tentacles with straight or curved, perforated rods, similar to those of tube feet.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="9EB8D3C0FFD63E0AFF797DB42A6CFC0F" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="D61D804BFFD63E0AFF797DB42A6CFC0F" blockId="7.[151,1437,623,1658]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="E4D65C59FFD63E0AFF797DB42996FC29" bold="true" box="[198,443,959,985]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Material examined.</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="B0B3188EFFD63E0AFE7B7DCB2A29FC2A" box="[452,516,960,986]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/mhew-9czz" name="South African Museum" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">SAM</collectionCode>
A28096, AHAB-9, stn. -88, Dredge
<collectingCountry id="AEB5C0DBFFD63E0AFC017DCB2C3AFC2A" box="[958,1047,960,986]" name="Angola" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Angola</collectingCountry>
,
<geoCoordinate id="B396E68CFFD63E0AFB9B7DCB2CA1FC2A" box="[1060,1164,960,986]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" precision="55" value="-7.235">7.235° S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="B396E68CFFD63E0AFB247DCB2D3EFC2A" box="[1179,1299,960,986]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" precision="55" value="12.684">12.684° E</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="A21CA68BFFD63E0AFA9E7DCB2DBAFC2A" box="[1313,1431,960,986]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="2004-05-28">28.v.2004</date>
, 41 m, Forster &amp; Zettler,
<specimenCount id="C0A44BC2FFD63E0AFE0A7DEE2A13FC0F" box="[437,574,997,1023]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="9EB8D3C0FFD63E0AFF797A0129DBFB9F" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="D61D804BFFD63E0AFF797A01292BFBBA" blockId="7.[151,1437,623,1658]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="E4D65C59FFD63E0AFF797A01294AFBD4" bold="true" box="[198,359,1034,1060]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Distribution.</emphasis>
West Coast of Africa (
<collectingCountry id="AEB5C0DBFFD63E0AFD3E7A012ACAFBD4" box="[641,743,1034,1060]" name="Angola" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Cabinda</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="AEB5C0DBFFD63E0AFD497A012B44FBD4" box="[758,873,1034,1060]" name="Benin" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Dahomey</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="AEB5C0DBFFD63E0AFCC77A012BD8FBD4" box="[888,1013,1034,1060]" name="Cameroon" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Cameroun</collectingCountry>
, Sierra-Leone,
<collectingCountry id="AEB5C0DBFFD63E0AFB117A012CD2FBD4" box="[1198,1279,1034,1060]" name="Gabon" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Gabon</collectingCountry>
, N.
<collectingCountry id="AEB5C0DBFFD63E0AFA8A7A012DBDFBD4" box="[1333,1424,1034,1060]" name="Angola" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Angola</collectingCountry>
),
<quantity id="115A2DAEFFD63E0AFF287A3B292CFBBA" box="[151,257,1072,1098]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.8" metricValueMax="5.7" metricValueMin="3.9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="m" value="48.0" valueMax="57.0" valueMin="39.0">
39–
<specimenCount id="C0A44BC2FFD63E0AFF7C7A3B292CFBBA" box="[195,257,1072,1098]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="generic">57 m</specimenCount>
</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D61D804BFFD63E0AFF797A5E29DBFB9F" blockId="7.[151,1437,623,1658]" box="[198,502,1109,1135]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="E4D65C59FFD63E0AFF797A5E2903FB9F" bold="true" box="[198,302,1109,1135]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Habitat.</emphasis>
Sandy substrate.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="9EB8D3C0FFD63E0AFF797A712AD3F98A" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="D61D804BFFD63E0AFF797A712AD3F98A" blockId="7.[151,1437,623,1658]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="E4D65C59FFD63E0AFF797A71296DFB64" bold="true" box="[198,320,1146,1172]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Remarks.</emphasis>
The single juvenile at hand (
<figureCitation id="4E999CCEFFD63E0AFD307A712AD9FB64" box="[655,756,1146,1172]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,255,1822,1846]" captionTargetBox="[153,1434,209,1781]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1435,197,1799]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Trachythyone fallax Cherbonnier, 1958. SAM A 28096. A. Specimen entire; B. deep baskets from the body wall; C. body wall plates; D. rods from tube feet; E. plates from tube feet." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198929/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figure 4</figureCitation>
A) measures less that
<quantity id="115A2DAEFFD63E0AFC4D7A712C6EFB64" box="[1010,1091,1146,1172]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
along the ventral surface, but corresponds well with the description of the species by
<bibRefCitation id="B233FDBAFFD63E0AFC927AAB2C09FB4A" author="Cherbonnier" box="[813,1060,1184,1210]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refString="Cherbonnier, G. (1958 a) Holothuries des cotes de Sierra-Leone 2 e note. Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris 2 e serie. 30, 101 - 108." type="journal article" year="1958" yearSuffix="a">Cherbonnier (1958a)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="B233FDBAFFD63E0AFBE07AAB2D20FB4A" author="Massin" box="[1119,1293,1184,1210]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refString="Massin, C. (1993) The Holothurioidea (Echinodermata) collected during the Tyro Mauritania-II expedition 1988. Zoologische Mededelingen (Leiden), 67, 397 - 429." type="journal article" year="1993">Massin (1993)</bibRefCitation>
, except that the ventral tube feet (
<figureCitation id="4E999CCEFFD63E0AFE247ACE2A29FB2F" box="[411,516,1221,1247]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,255,1822,1846]" captionTargetBox="[153,1434,209,1781]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1435,197,1799]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Trachythyone fallax Cherbonnier, 1958. SAM A 28096. A. Specimen entire; B. deep baskets from the body wall; C. body wall plates; D. rods from tube feet; E. plates from tube feet." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198929/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figure 4</figureCitation>
A), because of the juvenility of the specimen, appear mostly in single rows, often zigzag, and the baskets which measure 24–59 µm (mean 33.35 µm, ± 12.67, n = 10) (
<figureCitation id="4E999CCEFFD63E0AFB667AE12D13FAF4" box="[1241,1342,1258,1284]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,259,1570,1594]" captionTargetBox="[165,1428,200,1541]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[150,1436,185,1557]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Ocnus paracorbulus n. sp. Holotype, SAM A 28094. A. Tube feet deposits; B. endplate; C. tentacle deposits." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198928/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figure 3</figureCitation>
B) have only incipient digitations. The plates measure 215–491 µm (mean 331 µm, ± 94, n = 10) (
<figureCitation id="4E999CCEFFD63E0AFB107B1B2D39FADA" box="[1199,1300,1296,1322]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,255,1822,1846]" captionTargetBox="[153,1434,209,1781]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1435,197,1799]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Trachythyone fallax Cherbonnier, 1958. SAM A 28096. A. Specimen entire; B. deep baskets from the body wall; C. body wall plates; D. rods from tube feet; E. plates from tube feet." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198929/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figure 4</figureCitation>
C), the tube feet rods 68–157 µm (mean 82 µm, ± 25 n = 10) (
<figureCitation id="4E999CCEFFD63E0AFD5B7B3E2B64FABF" box="[740,841,1333,1359]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,255,1822,1846]" captionTargetBox="[153,1434,209,1781]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1435,197,1799]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Trachythyone fallax Cherbonnier, 1958. SAM A 28096. A. Specimen entire; B. deep baskets from the body wall; C. body wall plates; D. rods from tube feet; E. plates from tube feet." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198929/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figure 4</figureCitation>
D) and there are also small perforated plates in the tube feet (
<figureCitation id="4E999CCEFFD63E0AFEB37B51295CFA84" box="[268,369,1370,1396]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,255,1822,1846]" captionTargetBox="[153,1434,209,1781]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1435,197,1799]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Trachythyone fallax Cherbonnier, 1958. SAM A 28096. A. Specimen entire; B. deep baskets from the body wall; C. body wall plates; D. rods from tube feet; E. plates from tube feet." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198929/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figure 4</figureCitation>
E). Despite this, the calcareous ring, Polian vesicle and stone canal correspond well with Cherbonnier’s and Massin’s descriptions. Cherbonnier compares his species with the European
<taxonomicName id="11A2FBC8FFD63E0AFAAA7B8B2982FA4F" authority="Duben &amp; Koren, 1844" authorityName="Duben &amp; Koren" authorityYear="1844" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Trachythyone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="elongata">
<emphasis id="E4D65C59FFD63E0AFAAA7B8B2DB0FA69" box="[1301,1437,1408,1433]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">T. elongata</emphasis>
(Düben &amp; Koren, 1844)
</taxonomicName>
and concludes that the ossicles are different, the plates of
<taxonomicName id="11A2FBC8FFD63E0AFBE87BAE2C98FA4E" box="[1111,1205,1445,1470]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Trachythyone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="fallax">
<emphasis id="E4D65C59FFD63E0AFBE87BAE2C98FA4E" box="[1111,1205,1445,1470]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">T. fallax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
being thick and the baskets simpler.
<taxonomicName id="11A2FBC8FFD63E0AFEE77BC02998FA14" box="[344,437,1483,1508]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Trachythyone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="fallax">
<emphasis id="E4D65C59FFD63E0AFEE77BC02998FA14" box="[344,437,1483,1508]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">T. fallax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
also resembles
<taxonomicName id="11A2FBC8FFD63E0AFDCF7BC02B93FA14" authority="Ludwig, 1875" authorityName="Ludwig" authorityYear="1875" box="[624,958,1482,1508]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Trachythyone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="improvisa">
<emphasis id="E4D65C59FFD63E0AFDCF7BC02B2DFA14" box="[624,768,1483,1508]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">T. improvisa</emphasis>
(Ludwig, 1875)
</taxonomicName>
described from Algoa Bay,
<collectingCountry id="AEB5C0DBFFD63E0AFAB97BC12DB1FA14" box="[1286,1436,1482,1508]" name="South Africa" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">South Africa</collectingCountry>
but not found since. However, the baskets of this species are illustrated as being flat and the plates elongated with only two series of holes.
<taxonomicName id="11A2FBC8FFD63E0AFDBF781E2BB4F9DF" authority="Cherbonnier, 1952" authorityName="Cherbonnier" authorityYear="1952" box="[512,921,1557,1583]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Trachythyone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="rigidapeda">
<emphasis id="E4D65C59FFD63E0AFDBF781E2A8DF9DE" box="[512,672,1557,1582]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">T. rigidapeda</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="B233FDBAFFD63E0AFD0F781E2BBCF9DF" author="Cherbonnier" box="[688,913,1557,1583]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refString="Cherbonnier, G. (1952) Contribution a la connaisance des holothuries de l'Afrique du sud. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa, 33, 469 - 509, 16 pls." type="journal article" year="1952">Cherbonnier, 1952</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
is the only other
<taxonomicName id="11A2FBC8FFD63E0AFBD3781E2D23F9DE" box="[1132,1294,1557,1582]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Trachythyone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E4D65C59FFD63E0AFBD3781E2D23F9DE" box="[1132,1294,1557,1582]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Trachythyone</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry id="AEB5C0DBFFD63E0AFAE8781E28CFF9A4" name="South Africa" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">South Africa</collectingCountry>
and restricted to the west coast. It differs from
<taxonomicName id="11A2FBC8FFD63E0AFCA578302B56F9A4" box="[794,891,1595,1620]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Trachythyone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="fallax">
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in the rigidity of its tube feet, the form of the baskets and the slightly-knobbed nature of its plates.
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Genus
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<emphasis id="E4D65C59FFD73E0BFF2879BE293DF83F" bold="true" box="[151,272,1973,1999]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Diagnosis</emphasis>
(after
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). Usually slender, curved or U-shaped species, somewhat pentagonal in cross section. Tube feet restricted to the ambulacra in usually single or double rows, sometimes also scattered in the interambulacra. Tentacles 10, two ventral most reduced. Skin often thin but rigid. Calcareous ring simple, without posterior bifurcations to the radials plates; radial and interradial plates with long, narrow, anterior projections; radial plates with a distinct notch in posterior margin. Deposits of the body wall a superficial layer of small baskets, often reduced to cruciform plates, and an inner layer of large, mostly smooth, sometimes knobbed and imbricating multilocular plates.
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<emphasis id="E4D65C59FFD83E04FF287E9C2918FF41" bold="true" box="[151,309,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Cladodactyla</emphasis>
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sp.?
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<emphasis id="E4D65C59FFD83E04FF287F0E29B3FEEF" bold="true" box="[151,414,261,287]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Material examined.</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="B0B3188EFFD83E04FE177F0E29C6FEEF" box="[424,491,261,287]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/mhew-9czz" name="South African Museum" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">SAM</collectionCode>
A28097, AHAB-9, stn. -87, Dredge,
<collectingCountry id="AEB5C0DBFFD83E04FC717F0E2C03FEEF" box="[974,1070,261,287]" name="Angola" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Angola</collectingCountry>
,
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,
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, 10.46,
<date id="A21CA68BFFD83E04FF287F212920FEB4" box="[151,269,298,324]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="2004-05-28">28.v.2004</date>
, 26 m, Forster &amp; Zettler,
<specimenCount id="C0A44BC2FFD83E04FD887F212AEDFEB4" box="[567,704,298,324]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
.
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<emphasis id="E4D65C59FFD83E04FF797F442912FE99" bold="true" box="[198,319,335,361]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Remarks.</emphasis>
There is also present in this collection a minute form, obviously referable to the genus
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<emphasis id="E4D65C59FFD83E04FF287F7E2918FE7E" box="[151,309,373,398]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Cladodactyla</emphasis>
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. However, it was previously dried up and the only thing that remains is a thin layer of body wall with ossicles, but the insides of the specimen are unidentifiable. The specimen is about
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long with a narrow anterior and a less narrow posterior end. The body appears to be angular, somewhat resembling the form of
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a but there is no evidence of any tube feet and the calcareous ring is not identifiable with any degree of certainty. The body wall ossicles comprise imbricating smooth plates, apparently in one or perhaps two layers, each plate being more or less rounded or irregular (
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A), up to 133 µm in size, with 3–20 holes. At the broad end of the specimen the plates are slightly elongated, up to 140 µm long, often with two series of holes (
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C) whereas at the narrower end they are irregular with fewer holes (
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B).
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<emphasis id="E4D65C59FFD83E04FF797CCE2900FD2F" bold="true" box="[198,301,709,735]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Habitat.</emphasis>
Very coarse sediment with median grain size of 730 µm in water depth of
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Genus
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<emphasis id="E4D65C59FFD83E04FF5179632940F872" bold="true" box="[238,365,1896,1922]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Panningia</emphasis>
Cherbonnier, 1958
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<emphasis id="E4D65C59FFD83E04FF2879BB2938F83A" bold="true" box="[151,277,1968,1994]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Diagnosis</emphasis>
(after Cherbonnier 1958). Body curved, sometimes U-shaped; tube feet restricted to the radii. Tentacles 10, either of equal size or the ventralmost two reduced. Calcareous ring compact with short posterior projections. Deposits of the body wall large perforated imbricating plates, often knobbed, with usually one end drawn out into a long extension held obliquely at an angle to the main body of the plate.
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<emphasis id="E4D65C59FFDB3E07FF287F2929E1FECC" bold="true" box="[151,460,290,316]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Panningia pseudocurvata</emphasis>
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<figureCitation id="4E999CCEFFDB3E07FF287F432928FE92" box="[151,261,328,354]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,258,1941,1965]" captionTargetBox="[161,1428,212,1900]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[150,1436,197,1918]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Panningia pseudocurvata n. sp. Holotype, SAM A 28098. A. Specimen entire; B. calcareous ring; C. madreporite; D. dorsal body wall plates; E. ventral plates." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198931/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Figures 6</figureCitation>
&amp; 7
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<emphasis id="E4D65C59FFDB3E07FF287F992935FE5C" bold="true" box="[151,280,402,428]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
A small, U-shaped species (
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), beige-yellow in alcohol. Tentacles 10, of more or less equal size. Anal teeth poorly calcified. Tube feet restricted to ambulacra, in 1–2 single/double zigzag rows; end-plates present; interambulacra naked. Calcareous ring simple, radial plates anteriorly broad, bifid, posteriorly narrow, with short paired posterior prolongations. Polian vesicle single, stone canal short, madreporite bean-shaped. Body wall deposits as large, imbricating, smooth, multilocular plates, often with one end narrowed, roughened and slightly turned up as a short, elevated projection; other plates smaller, without projection. Tube feet deposits as elongated rods. Tentacle with mostly curved, spanner-like rods. Introvert with rosettes and rosette-like multilocular plates.
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<emphasis id="E4D65C59FFDB3E07FF797CB6297EFD27" bold="true" box="[198,339,701,727]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Etymology.</emphasis>
This species is so named because of its obvious resemblance, in form and ossicles, to
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Cherbonnier, 1958
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.
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<emphasis id="E4D65C59FFDB3E07FF797D0C2991FCD1" bold="true" box="[198,444,775,801]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Material examined.</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="E4D65C59FFDB3E07FE7A7D032A1CFCD1" box="[453,561,776,801]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Holotype</emphasis>
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A28098, AHAB-9, stn. -88, Dredge,
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,
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, 11.17,
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, 41 m, Forster &amp; Zettler;
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<emphasis id="E4D65C59FFDB3E07FD227D262B26FCB6" box="[669,779,813,838]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Paratype</emphasis>
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A28099, same data as
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A28100, (juvenile), AHAB-9, stn. -66, Dredge,
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,
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,
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, 26 m, Forster &amp; Zettler.
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<paragraph id="D61D804BFFDB3E07FF797D7C29D6FB4C" blockId="10.[151,1437,402,1996]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="E4D65C59FFDB3E07FF797D7C29DAFC61" bold="true" box="[198,503,887,913]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
Description of
<typeStatus id="09193EE9FFDB3E07FE3B7D7C29DFFC61" box="[388,498,887,913]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
Specimen small, U-shaped, anus situated above level of mouth (
<figureCitation id="4E999CCEFFDB3E07FAB17D732D5BFC62" box="[1294,1398,888,914]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,258,1941,1965]" captionTargetBox="[161,1428,212,1900]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[150,1436,197,1918]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Panningia pseudocurvata n. sp. Holotype, SAM A 28098. A. Specimen entire; B. calcareous ring; C. madreporite; D. dorsal body wall plates; E. ventral plates." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198931/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Figure 6</figureCitation>
A). Length along ventral surface
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, width in mid-body
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. Colour in alcohol beige-yellow, uniform. Tentacles 10, retracted, of more or less equal size, well branched. Anus encircled by five slightly calcified anal papillae. Tube feet restricted to ambulacra, mostly in a single zigzag row per dorsal ambulacrum and in two zigzag rows per ventral ambulacrum, better developed ventrally, especially in middle of mid-ventral surface, becoming smaller in size both anteriorly and posteriorly, few reaching level of mouth and anus. Tube feet generally thin, some filamentous, suckers present, better developed ventrally, both sucker and tube foot of equal diameter. End-plates present (Figure 7B). Interambulacra naked. Skin thin, slightly translucent, covered with imbricating plates/scales.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D61D804BFFDB3E07FF797AC328CEF9FC" blockId="10.[151,1437,402,1996]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
Calcareous ring (
<figureCitation id="4E999CCEFFDB3E07FE277AC32A2FFB12" box="[408,514,1224,1250]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,258,1941,1965]" captionTargetBox="[161,1428,212,1900]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[150,1436,197,1918]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Panningia pseudocurvata n. sp. Holotype, SAM A 28098. A. Specimen entire; B. calcareous ring; C. madreporite; D. dorsal body wall plates; E. ventral plates." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198931/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Figure 6</figureCitation>
B) delicate, simple. Radial plates anteriorly bifid with anterior part narrow proximally, distally broad with short paired, undivided, posterior prolongations, each plate with a deep groove/depression for attachment of retractor muscle. Interradial plates triangular with a slight anterior indentation and a slight posterior concavity. Stone canal short, slightly curved, madreporite bean-shaped (
<figureCitation id="4E999CCEFFDB3E07FF207B562928FA87" box="[159,261,1373,1399]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,258,1941,1965]" captionTargetBox="[161,1428,212,1900]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[150,1436,197,1918]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Panningia pseudocurvata n. sp. Holotype, SAM A 28098. A. Specimen entire; B. calcareous ring; C. madreporite; D. dorsal body wall plates; E. ventral plates." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198931/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Figure 6</figureCitation>
C). Polian vesicle single, slightly elongate, ventral. Left respiratory tree longer, reaching two-thirds body length, right one short, reduced to few branches. Gonad mature, tubules unbranched, full of ripe and developing eggs. Longitudinal muscles as single strands; retractor muscles arise in anterior third of body, more anteriorly in the ventral ambulacra, inserting without branching on the middle portion of the radial plates.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D61D804BFFDB3E07FF7978132AB0F857" blockId="10.[151,1437,402,1996]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
Body wall ossicles as imbricating multilocular plates (136–184 µm, mean 155 µm, SD ± 25, n = 10), slightly smaller ventrally; plates always smooth, often with one portion narrowed, roughened and turned slightly up as a short, elevated projection (
<figureCitation id="4E999CCEFFDB3E07FD0978692B09F98C" box="[694,804,1634,1660]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,258,1941,1965]" captionTargetBox="[161,1428,212,1900]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[150,1436,197,1918]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Panningia pseudocurvata n. sp. Holotype, SAM A 28098. A. Specimen entire; B. calcareous ring; C. madreporite; D. dorsal body wall plates; E. ventral plates." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198931/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Figure 6</figureCitation>
D); other plates smaller (
<figureCitation id="4E999CCEFFDB3E07FBDE78692CE3F98C" box="[1121,1230,1634,1660]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,258,1941,1965]" captionTargetBox="[161,1428,212,1900]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[150,1436,197,1918]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Panningia pseudocurvata n. sp. Holotype, SAM A 28098. A. Specimen entire; B. calcareous ring; C. madreporite; D. dorsal body wall plates; E. ventral plates." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198931/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Figure 6</figureCitation>
E), also smooth, multilocular, oblong without projection (80–175 µm, mean 137 µm, SD ± 32, n = 10), the latter as the only deposits in the anal region. Pedicel deposits (Figure 7A) in the form of elongated rods, usually swollen and perforated at both ends and sometimes also in the middle (47–92 µm, mean 73 µm, SD ± 14, n = 10). Tentacle ossicles (Figure 7C &amp; D) as rods of various form, mostly curved, spanner-like with one or more perforations at one or both ends (29–55 µm, mean 41 µm, SD ± 8, n = 20); some rods with a third arm or cross-like, such rods often elaborate with swollen multilocular ends (33–57 µm, mean 42 µm, SD ± 6.5, n = 20). Introvert deposits as rosettes (Figure 7E) arising from branched rods (Figure 7F), and rosette-like multilocular plates (23–47 µm, mean 35 µm, SD ± 5.6, n = 20).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="9EB8D3C0FFDB3E00FF7979B9297EFF27" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="D61D804BFFDB3E07FF7979B92B52F83C" blockId="10.[151,1437,402,1996]" box="[198,895,1970,1996]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="E4D65C59FFDB3E07FF7979B9294AF83C" bold="true" box="[198,359,1970,1996]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Distribution.</emphasis>
Known only from the
<typeStatus id="09193EE9FFDB3E07FDCD79B92A89F83C" box="[626,676,1970,1996]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">type</typeStatus>
locality,
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26–
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</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="82DDD0C3FFDA3E06FF28799E2AD2F83C" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198931/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" targetBox="[161,1428,212,1900]" targetPageId="11">
<paragraph id="D61D804BFFDA3E06FF28799E2AD2F83C" blockId="11.[151,1437,1941,1996]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="E4D65C59FFDA3E06FF28799E2AB8F85D" bold="true" box="[151,661,1941,1965]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
FIGURE 6.
<taxonomicName id="11A2FBC8FFDA3E06FE99799E2A63F85D" box="[294,590,1941,1965]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Panningia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pseudocurvata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="E4D65C59FFDA3E06FE99799E2A63F85D" bold="true" box="[294,590,1941,1965]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Panningia pseudocurvata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="FFE5E122FFDA3E06FDEA799E2AB8F85D" box="[597,661,1941,1965]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
Holotype, SAM A28098. A. Specimen entire; B. calcareous ring; C. madreporite; D. dorsal body wall plates; E. ventral plates.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="D61D804BFFDD3E01FF2879712C9CF846" blockId="12.[151,1436,1914,1974]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="E4D65C59FFDD3E01FF2879712AA6F863" bold="true" box="[151,651,1914,1940]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
FIGURE 7.
<taxonomicName id="11A2FBC8FFDD3E01FE9179772A65F864" box="[302,584,1916,1940]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Panningia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pseudocurvata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="E4D65C59FFDD3E01FE9179772A65F864" bold="true" box="[302,584,1916,1940]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Panningia pseudocurvata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="FFE5E122FFDD3E01FDF079702AA6F863" box="[591,651,1915,1939]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="09193EE9FFDD3E01FD2D79772AD5F863" box="[658,760,1916,1939]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
, SAM A28098. A. rods from tube feet; B. endplate; C. tentacle deposits; D. larger rods from tentacles; E. introvert deposits; F. developing rosettes from introvert.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D61D804BFFDC3E00FF797E9C297EFF27" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,514]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="E4D65C59FFDC3E00FF797E9C2903FF41" bold="true" box="[198,302,151,177]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Habitat.</emphasis>
Medium coarse sediments with median grain size of 356 µm in water depth of
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<quantity id="115A2DAEFFDC3E00FB5A7E932D08FF42" box="[1253,1317,152,178]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="m" value="26.0">26 m</quantity>
.
</specimenCount>
At
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, sandy substrate.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="9EB8D3C0FFDC3E00FF797EE92938FDF2" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="D61D804BFFDC3E00FF797EE92938FDF2" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,514]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="E4D65C59FFDC3E00FF797EE92912FF0C" bold="true" box="[198,319,226,252]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Remarks.</emphasis>
Of the five nominal species of
<taxonomicName id="11A2FBC8FFDC3E00FD127EE92B0AFF0B" box="[685,807,226,251]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Panningia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E4D65C59FFDC3E00FD127EE92B0AFF0B" box="[685,807,226,251]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Panningia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the new species comes quite close to only
<taxonomicName id="11A2FBC8FFDC3E00FA9D7EE929C5FED2" authority="Cherbonnier, 1958" authorityName="Cherbonnier" authorityYear="1958" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Panningia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="curvata">
<emphasis id="E4D65C59FFDC3E00FA9D7EE928DEFED1" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Panningia curvata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="B233FDBAFFDC3E00FF447F0329C5FED2" author="Cherbonnier" box="[251,488,264,290]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refString="Cherbonnier, G. (1958 a) Holothuries des cotes de Sierra-Leone 2 e note. Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris 2 e serie. 30, 101 - 108." type="journal article" year="1958" yearSuffix="a">Cherbonnier, 1958a</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
from Sierra-Leone, differing from it in the smoothness of the plates, their less pronounced projection and the abundance of spanner-shaped deposits in the tentacles. In Cherbonnier’s species the tentacle deposits are said to be rare and no spanner-like rods are described. Cherbonnier illustrates a rosette-like deposit from a tentacle but he mentions that this is also rare. It is possible that this might have come from the introvert of his specimen. Like the family
<taxonomicName id="11A2FBC8FFDC3E00FC827F962BD7FE47" box="[829,1018,413,439]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Rhopalodinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Rhopalodinidae</taxonomicName>
, the genus
<taxonomicName id="11A2FBC8FFDC3E00FBC17F962CD5FE46" box="[1150,1272,413,438]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Panningia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E4D65C59FFDC3E00FBC17F962CD5FE46" box="[1150,1272,413,438]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Panningia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
appears to be restricted to the East Atlantic waters and perhaps close to the form from which the rhopalodinids might have originated.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<subSubSection id="9EB8D3C0FFDC3E00FF287C5C29E6FD81" box="[151,459,599,625]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="D61D804BFFDC3E00FF287C5C29E6FD81" blockId="13.[151,459,599,625]" box="[151,459,599,625]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<heading id="8D553727FFDC3E00FF287C5C29E6FD81" bold="true" box="[151,459,599,625]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" reason="1">
<emphasis id="E4D65C59FFDC3E00FF287C5C29E6FD81" bold="true" box="[151,459,599,625]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
Genus
<taxonomicName id="11A2FBC8FFDC3E00FF527C5C29A3FD81" ID-CoL="7P89Z" box="[237,398,599,625]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Lanceophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E4D65C59FFDC3E00FF527C5C29A3FD81" bold="true" box="[237,398,599,625]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Lanceophora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
n. g.
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="9EB8D3C0FFDC3E00FF287C9429D5FD2F" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="D61D804BFFDC3E00FF287C9429D5FD2F" blockId="13.[151,1437,671,1258]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="E4D65C59FFDC3E00FF287C94290EFD49" bold="true" box="[151,291,671,697]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Etymology.</emphasis>
The name is derived from
<emphasis id="E4D65C59FFDC3E00FDDB7CAB2A9FFD49" box="[612,690,672,697]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">lancea</emphasis>
L. – lance and
<emphasis id="E4D65C59FFDC3E00FCD77CAB2B83FD49" box="[872,942,672,697]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">phora</emphasis>
Gk.- bearing, with reference to the lancelike deposits of the body wall.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="9EB8D3C0FFDC3E00FF797CE12D51FC6A" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="D61D804BFFDC3E00FF797CE12D51FC6A" blockId="13.[151,1437,671,1258]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="E4D65C59FFDC3E00FF797CE1296BFCF4" bold="true" box="[198,326,746,772]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Small (up to
<quantity id="115A2DAEFFDC3E00FE467CE12A7FFCF4" box="[505,594,746,772]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="mm" value="27.0">27 mm</quantity>
) cucumariid holothuroids with a slightly curved barrel-shaped body, tentacles 10, two ventral tentacles reduced or absent; tube feet restricted to ambulacra in 1–2 rows, interambulacra naked. Calcareous ring simple, no posterior prolongations to the radial plates; body wall deposits a superficial layer comprising a smooth to knobbed basal part bearing a long lance-like projection held in the same plane as the basal part, and an inner layer of large, smooth to knobbed multilocular plates.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="9EB8D3C0FFDC3E00FF797DAE2AF8FC14" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="D61D804BFFDC3E00FF797DAE2C20FC4F" blockId="13.[151,1437,671,1258]" box="[198,1037,933,959]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="E4D65C59FFDC3E00FF797DAE2945FC4F" bold="true" box="[198,360,933,959]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<typeStatus id="09193EE9FFDC3E00FF797DAE292EFC4F" box="[198,259,933,959]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Type</typeStatus>
species.
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="11A2FBC8FFDC3E00FECF7DAE2B16FC4F" authority="Cherbonnier, 1949" authorityName="Cherbonnier" authorityYear="1949" box="[368,827,933,959]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Cucumaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="souriei">
<emphasis id="E4D65C59FFDC3E00FECF7DAE2A61FC4E" box="[368,588,933,958]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Cucumaria souriei</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="B233FDBAFFDC3E00FDEC7DAE2B16FC4F" author="Cherbonnier" box="[595,827,933,959]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refString="Cherbonnier, G. (1949 a) Note sur une Holothurie dendrochirote de Dakar: Cucumaria souriei n. sp. Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris 2 e serie 21, 580 - 584." type="journal article" year="1949" yearSuffix="a">Cherbonnier, 1949a</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(here designated)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D61D804BFFDC3E00FF797DC12AF8FC14" blockId="13.[151,1437,671,1258]" box="[198,725,970,996]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="E4D65C59FFDC3E00FF797DC129C4FC14" bold="true" box="[198,489,970,996]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Other species included.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="11A2FBC8FFDC3E00FE4F7DC12AA6FC13" box="[496,651,970,995]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Lanceophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="lanceolata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="E4D65C59FFDC3E00FE4F7DC12AA6FC13" box="[496,651,970,995]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">L. lanceolata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="FFE5E122FFDC3E00FD2D7DC12AF8FC14" box="[658,725,970,996]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" rank="species">
<emphasis id="E4D65C59FFDC3E00FD2D7DC12AF8FC14" bold="true" box="[658,725,970,996]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="9EB8D3C0FFDC3E00FF797DE42DBBFB1A" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="D61D804BFFDC3E00FF797DE42DBBFB1A" blockId="13.[151,1437,671,1258]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="E4D65C59FFDC3E00FF797DE4296DFBF9" bold="true" box="[198,320,1007,1033]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Remarks.</emphasis>
A new genus is here erected to accommodate only the
<typeStatus id="09193EE9FFDC3E00FBBD7DFB2C19FBFA" box="[1026,1076,1008,1034]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">type</typeStatus>
species and the new species described below.
<taxonomicName id="11A2FBC8FFDC3E00FEDA7A1E2A2FFBDE" box="[357,514,1045,1070]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Lanceophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E4D65C59FFDC3E00FEDA7A1E2A2FFBDE" box="[357,514,1045,1070]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Lanceophora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
comes very close to
<taxonomicName id="11A2FBC8FFDC3E00FD417A1E2B54FBDE" box="[766,889,1045,1070]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Panningia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E4D65C59FFDC3E00FD417A1E2B54FBDE" box="[766,889,1045,1070]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Panningia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but differs from it in the presence of a barrelshaped rather than a U-shaped body form, reduced ventral tentacles, lack of any posterior prolongations to the radial plates of the calcareous ring, and that the lance-like prolongation of the superficial deposits is not held at an angle to the main body of the ossicle but in the same plane.
<taxonomicName id="11A2FBC8FFDC3E00FC2D7A8E2C28FB6E" box="[914,1029,1157,1182]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Cucumaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="souriei">
<emphasis id="E4D65C59FFDC3E00FC2D7A8E2C28FB6E" box="[914,1029,1157,1182]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">C. souriei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is chosen as the
<typeStatus id="09193EE9FFDC3E00FB757A8E2CD0FB6F" box="[1226,1277,1157,1183]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">type</typeStatus>
species since the new species may prove to be conspecific with it. Although
<bibRefCitation id="B233FDBAFFDC3E00FCCD7AA12C77FB34" author="Cherbonnier" box="[882,1114,1194,1220]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refString="Cherbonnier, G. (1963) Echinodermes des cotes du Cameroun recoltes par A. Crosnier en decembre 1962 - janvier 1963. Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris 2 e serie 35 (2), 179 - 193." type="journal article" year="1963">Cherbonnier (1963)</bibRefCitation>
did compare his
<taxonomicName id="11A2FBC8FFDC3E00FA9D7AA0292DFB19" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Panningia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="crosnieri">
<emphasis id="E4D65C59FFDC3E00FA9D7AA0292DFB19" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Panningia crosnieri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with
<taxonomicName id="11A2FBC8FFDC3E00FEFE7ADB2999FB19" box="[321,436,1232,1257]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Cucumaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="souriei">
<emphasis id="E4D65C59FFDC3E00FEFE7ADB2999FB19" box="[321,436,1232,1257]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">C. souriei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
he did not refer the latter species to
<taxonomicName id="11A2FBC8FFDC3E00FCE67ADB2BFEFB19" box="[857,979,1232,1257]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Panningia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E4D65C59FFDC3E00FCE67ADB2BFEFB19" box="[857,979,1232,1257]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Panningia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but let it stand as originally described.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

248
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<mods:title id="2B18B743D2B6E4783DB0AE1D2986933C">Additions to the sea cucumber fauna of Namibia and Angola, with descriptions of new taxa (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea)</mods:title>
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<treatment id="5E0B315DFFDC3E03FF287B3429FDF87C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6204548" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119401925" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6204548" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:1F578186-6AD2-4847-AAE8-C648DAD66CB5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5E0B315DFFDC3E03FF287B3429FDF87C" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<subSubSection id="9EB8D3C0FFDC3E00FF287B342914FA8C" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="D61D804BFFDC3E00FF287B342A2BFAA9" blockId="13.[151,518,1343,1404]" box="[151,518,1343,1369]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<heading id="8D553727FFDC3E00FF287B342A2BFAA9" bold="true" box="[151,518,1343,1369]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" reason="1">
<emphasis id="E4D65C59FFDC3E00FF287B342A2BFAA9" bold="true" box="[151,518,1343,1369]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<taxonomicName id="11A2FBC8FFDC3E00FF287B342991FAA9" ID-CoL="6NX9W" box="[151,444,1343,1369]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Lanceophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="lanceolata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="E4D65C59FFDC3E00FF287B342991FAA9" bold="true" box="[151,444,1343,1369]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Lanceophora lanceolata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="FFE5E122FFDC3E00FE7B7B342A2BFAA9" box="[452,518,1343,1369]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D61D804BFFDC3E00FF287B692914FA8C" blockId="13.[151,518,1343,1404]" box="[151,313,1378,1404]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<figureCitation id="4E999CCEFFDC3E00FF287B692928FA8C" box="[151,261,1378,1404]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="15.[151,259,1961,1985]" captionTargetBox="[194,1403,199,1942]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[183,1411,177,1953]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 8. Lanceophora lanceolata n. sp. Holotype, SAM A 28101. A. Specimen entire; B. calcareous ring; C. superficial deposits with lance-like projection from body wall; D. body wall plates; E. anal plates." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198932/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Figures 8</figureCitation>
&amp;
<figureCitation id="4E999CCEFFDC3E00FE957B692914FA8C" box="[298,313,1378,1404]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="16.[151,255,1518,1542]" captionTargetBox="[158,1431,179,1467]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[151,1436,175,1488]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 9. Lanceophora lanceolata n. sp. Holotype, SAM A 28101. A-B. Tube feet deposits; C. endplate; D. deposits from base of tentacles; E. slender to stout rods from tentacles tips; F. rosette-shaped deposits from tentacle tips." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198933/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">9</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="9EB8D3C0FFDC3E00FF287BA62D20F93C" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="D61D804BFFDC3E00FF287BA62D20F93C" blockId="13.[151,1437,1453,2002]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="E4D65C59FFDC3E00FF287BA62935FA37" bold="true" box="[151,280,1453,1479]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
A small, slightly curved, barrel-shaped species, up to
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long. Anal teeth present.
<typeStatus id="09193EE9FFDC3E00FA927BA62DB6FA37" box="[1325,1435,1453,1479]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
with only eight large, poorly branched tentacles. Tube feet in 1–2 zigzag rows, interambulacra naked. Calcareous ring without obvious posterior prolongations, both radial and interradial plates anteriorly bifid. Polian vesicle single. Body wall deposits of two
<typeStatus id="09193EE9FFDC3E00FD5778162B01F9C7" box="[744,812,1565,1591]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">types</typeStatus>
: superficial layer comprising a perforated, bulbous, spinose, basal portion with an elongated lance-like projection, and a deeper layer of smooth to slightly knobbed to spinous multilocular plates. Anal deposits as smooth, perforated plates. Tube feet comprising table-like rods with a bifurcate basal portion and a short or lance-like, spire-like portion; end-plates present. Tentacle stalks with large, multilocular plates; tentacle tips with rods and rosette-shaped deposits.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<emphasis id="E4D65C59FFDC3E00FF7978DC297EF901" bold="true" box="[198,339,1751,1777]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Etymology.</emphasis>
The specific name derives from the lance-like extensions of the superficial body wall deposits
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<paragraph id="D61D804BFFDC3E00FF7979292D45F892" blockId="13.[151,1437,1453,2002]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="E4D65C59FFDC3E00FF7979292991F8CC" bold="true" box="[198,444,1826,1852]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Material examined.</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="09193EE9FFDC3E00FE7A79282A1DF8CC" box="[453,560,1827,1852]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="holotype">
<emphasis id="E4D65C59FFDC3E00FE7A79282A1DF8CC" box="[453,560,1827,1852]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Holotype</emphasis>
</typeStatus>
,
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<accessionNumber id="C9F11DA8FFDC3E00FD3579292AC6F8CC" box="[650,747,1826,1852]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/A28101" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="EnaNcbi">A28101</accessionNumber>
, AHAB-9, stn. -88, dredge,
<collectingCountry id="AEB5C0DBFFDC3E00FB8079292CB5F8CC" box="[1087,1176,1826,1852]" name="Angola" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Angola</collectingCountry>
,
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,
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, 11.17,
<date id="A21CA68BFFDC3E00FF5979432970F892" box="[230,349,1864,1890]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="2004-05-28">28.v.2004</date>
, 41 m, Forster &amp; Zettler,
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<emphasis id="E4D65C59FFDC3E00FD3979432AD0F891" box="[646,765,1864,1889]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Paratypes</emphasis>
</typeStatus>
,
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A28102, same data as
<typeStatus id="09193EE9FFDC3E00FBE479432CE8F892" box="[1115,1221,1864,1890]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
,
<specimenCount id="C0A44BC2FFDC3E00FB6F79432D49F892" box="[1232,1380,1864,1890]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="generic">2 specimens</specimenCount>
.
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="E4D65C59FFDC3E00FF79796629D8F877" bold="true" box="[198,501,1901,1927]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
Description of
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.
</emphasis>
Specimen small, slightly curved or U-shaped; length
<quantity id="115A2DAEFFDC3E00FBC279662CF8F877" box="[1149,1237,1901,1927]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
, breadth in midbody
<quantity id="115A2DAEFFDC3E00FF647999291AF85C" box="[219,311,1938,1964]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="mm" value="3.5">3.5 mm</quantity>
(
<figureCitation id="4E999CCEFFDC3E00FEF77999299DF85C" box="[328,432,1938,1964]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="15.[151,259,1961,1985]" captionTargetBox="[194,1403,199,1942]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[183,1411,177,1953]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 8. Lanceophora lanceolata n. sp. Holotype, SAM A 28101. A. Specimen entire; B. calcareous ring; C. superficial deposits with lance-like projection from body wall; D. body wall plates; E. anal plates." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198932/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Figure 8</figureCitation>
A). Preserved colouration beige-ash brown, uniform. Mouth and anus terminal, the latter encircled by five teeth appearing as valves, flanked by terminal podia. Tentacles retracted, only eight large tentacles counted, poorly branched. Tube feet well developed, short, in two zigzag rows per ambulacrum ventrally and in a single or double zigzag rows dorsally, suckers well developed; interambulacra naked. Skin thin, soft; spinal projections of ossicles seen protruding from body wall.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D61D804BFFDF3E03FF797F032D5DFE47" blockId="14.[151,1437,152,1932]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
Calcareous ring (
<figureCitation id="4E999CCEFFDF3E03FE327F0329DCFED2" box="[397,497,264,290]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="15.[151,259,1961,1985]" captionTargetBox="[194,1403,199,1942]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[183,1411,177,1953]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 8. Lanceophora lanceolata n. sp. Holotype, SAM A 28101. A. Specimen entire; B. calcareous ring; C. superficial deposits with lance-like projection from body wall; D. body wall plates; E. anal plates." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198932/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Figure 8</figureCitation>
B) poorly calcified, soft, typically cucumariid with no posterior prolongations to the radial plates; both radial and interradial plates anteriorly bifid, each with a posterior concavity. Polian vesicle short, single. Stone canal short, straight, terminating in a well calcified madreporite. Retractor muscles short. Longitudinal muscles thin, undivided. Gonadal tubules unbranched. Respiratory trees consisting of one long branch extending to anterior third of body and several short branches restricted to base. Cloaca wide.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D61D804BFFDF3E03FF797FC92C52FC6C" blockId="14.[151,1437,152,1932]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
Body wall ossicles of two
<typeStatus id="09193EE9FFDF3E03FE457FC92A11FE2C" box="[506,572,450,476]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">types</typeStatus>
: a superficial layer of deposits with an elongated lance-like projection and a deeper layer of smooth to slightly knobbed to spinous multilocular plates (118–152 µm, mean 137.8 µm, SD ± 10.9, n = 10). Each superficial deposit (
<figureCitation id="4E999CCEFFDF3E03FD377C062AC0FDD7" box="[648,749,525,551]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="15.[151,259,1961,1985]" captionTargetBox="[194,1403,199,1942]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[183,1411,177,1953]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 8. Lanceophora lanceolata n. sp. Holotype, SAM A 28101. A. Specimen entire; B. calcareous ring; C. superficial deposits with lance-like projection from body wall; D. body wall plates; E. anal plates." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198932/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Figure 8</figureCitation>
C) comprises a perforated, bulbous, spinose basal portion bearing a lance-like projection, with a narrow proximal portion which rapidly expands to form wing-like structures with thick margins around an accentuated midrib. Plates of deeper layer multilocular, oval to circular, with an undulating margin, knobs/spines, when present, often medially restricted (
<figureCitation id="4E999CCEFFDF3E03FB717C762D19FD67" box="[1230,1332,637,663]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="15.[151,259,1961,1985]" captionTargetBox="[194,1403,199,1942]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[183,1411,177,1953]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 8. Lanceophora lanceolata n. sp. Holotype, SAM A 28101. A. Specimen entire; B. calcareous ring; C. superficial deposits with lance-like projection from body wall; D. body wall plates; E. anal plates." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198932/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Figure 8</figureCitation>
D). Anal deposits in the form of smooth, mostly elongated, perforated plates (
<figureCitation id="4E999CCEFFDF3E03FBAE7CA92CADFD4C" box="[1041,1152,674,700]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="15.[151,259,1961,1985]" captionTargetBox="[194,1403,199,1942]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[183,1411,177,1953]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 8. Lanceophora lanceolata n. sp. Holotype, SAM A 28101. A. Specimen entire; B. calcareous ring; C. superficial deposits with lance-like projection from body wall; D. body wall plates; E. anal plates." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198932/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Figure 8</figureCitation>
E). Tube feet deposits comprising rods with a bifurcate basal part, with a hole at each end and in the middle, and an elongated spinelike portion similar in form to the superficial body wall deposits (
<figureCitation id="4E999CCEFFDF3E03FC167CE62C3DFCF7" box="[937,1040,749,775]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="16.[151,255,1518,1542]" captionTargetBox="[158,1431,179,1467]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[151,1436,175,1488]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 9. Lanceophora lanceolata n. sp. Holotype, SAM A 28101. A-B. Tube feet deposits; C. endplate; D. deposits from base of tentacles; E. slender to stout rods from tentacles tips; F. rosette-shaped deposits from tentacle tips." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198933/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Figure 9</figureCitation>
A); other tube feet deposits more table-like, also with a bifurcate base, perforated one or more times at ends, and a perforated, short, spire-like portion with a large central hole (
<figureCitation id="4E999CCEFFDF3E03FD927D332ABBFCA2" box="[557,662,824,850]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="16.[151,255,1518,1542]" captionTargetBox="[158,1431,179,1467]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[151,1436,175,1488]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 9. Lanceophora lanceolata n. sp. Holotype, SAM A 28101. A-B. Tube feet deposits; C. endplate; D. deposits from base of tentacles; E. slender to stout rods from tentacles tips; F. rosette-shaped deposits from tentacle tips." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198933/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Figure 9</figureCitation>
B). End-plates present (
<figureCitation id="4E999CCEFFDF3E03FC0C7D332C31FCA2" box="[947,1052,824,850]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="16.[151,255,1518,1542]" captionTargetBox="[158,1431,179,1467]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[151,1436,175,1488]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 9. Lanceophora lanceolata n. sp. Holotype, SAM A 28101. A-B. Tube feet deposits; C. endplate; D. deposits from base of tentacles; E. slender to stout rods from tentacles tips; F. rosette-shaped deposits from tentacle tips." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198933/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Figure 9</figureCitation>
C). Tentacle deposits of various form, base of tentacle with large multilocular plates (
<figureCitation id="4E999CCEFFDF3E03FC9A7D562BA2FC87" box="[805,911,861,887]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="16.[151,255,1518,1542]" captionTargetBox="[158,1431,179,1467]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[151,1436,175,1488]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 9. Lanceophora lanceolata n. sp. Holotype, SAM A 28101. A-B. Tube feet deposits; C. endplate; D. deposits from base of tentacles; E. slender to stout rods from tentacles tips; F. rosette-shaped deposits from tentacle tips." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198933/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Figure 9</figureCitation>
D), tentacle tips with slender to stout rods, perforated once or more at ends (
<figureCitation id="4E999CCEFFDF3E03FDA57D892A53FC6C" box="[538,638,898,924]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="16.[151,255,1518,1542]" captionTargetBox="[158,1431,179,1467]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[151,1436,175,1488]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 9. Lanceophora lanceolata n. sp. Holotype, SAM A 28101. A-B. Tube feet deposits; C. endplate; D. deposits from base of tentacles; E. slender to stout rods from tentacles tips; F. rosette-shaped deposits from tentacle tips." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198933/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Figure 9</figureCitation>
E), and rosette-shaped deposits (
<figureCitation id="4E999CCEFFDF3E03FC467D892C72FC6C" box="[1017,1119,898,924]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="16.[151,255,1518,1542]" captionTargetBox="[158,1431,179,1467]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[151,1436,175,1488]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 9. Lanceophora lanceolata n. sp. Holotype, SAM A 28101. A-B. Tube feet deposits; C. endplate; D. deposits from base of tentacles; E. slender to stout rods from tentacles tips; F. rosette-shaped deposits from tentacle tips." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198933/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Figure 9</figureCitation>
F).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="9EB8D3C0FFDF3E03FF797DAC29DBFC17" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="D61D804BFFDF3E03FF797DAC2ABFFC32" blockId="14.[151,1437,152,1932]" box="[198,658,935,962]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="E4D65C59FFDF3E03FF797DAC294AFC31" bold="true" box="[198,359,935,961]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Distribution.</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="09193EE9FFDF3E03FED17DA32985FC32" box="[366,424,936,962]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Type</typeStatus>
locality only,
<specimenCount id="C0A44BC2FFDF3E03FDF07DA32ABFFC32" box="[591,658,936,962]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="generic">
<quantity id="115A2DAEFFDF3E03FDF07DA32AA3FC32" box="[591,654,936,962]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="m" value="41.0">41 m</quantity>
.
</specimenCount>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D61D804BFFDF3E03FF797DC629DBFC17" blockId="14.[151,1437,152,1932]" box="[198,502,973,999]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="E4D65C59FFDF3E03FF797DC62900FC17" bold="true" box="[198,301,973,999]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Habitat.</emphasis>
Sandy substrate.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="9EB8D3C0FFDF3E03FF797DF929FDF87C" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="D61D804BFFDF3E03FF797DF92934F9E7" blockId="14.[151,1437,152,1932]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="E4D65C59FFDF3E03FF797DF9296DFBFC" bold="true" box="[198,320,1010,1036]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Remarks.</emphasis>
It is with some hesitation that the three specimens are described as a new species although they come very close
<taxonomicName id="11A2FBC8FFDF3E03FEE27A132B06FBC2" authority="Cherbonnier, 1949" authorityName="Cherbonnier" authorityYear="1949" box="[349,811,1048,1074]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Cucumaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="souriei">
<emphasis id="E4D65C59FFDF3E03FEE27A132A17FBC1" box="[349,570,1048,1073]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Cucumaria souriei</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="B233FDBAFFDF3E03FDFE7A132B06FBC2" author="Cherbonnier" box="[577,811,1048,1074]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" refString="Cherbonnier, G. (1949 a) Note sur une Holothurie dendrochirote de Dakar: Cucumaria souriei n. sp. Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris 2 e serie 21, 580 - 584." type="journal article" year="1949" yearSuffix="a">Cherbonnier, 1949a</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, described from Dakar (
<collectingCountry id="AEB5C0DBFFDF3E03FBF77A132C87FBC2" box="[1096,1194,1048,1074]" name="Senegal" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Senegal</collectingCountry>
), differing from it in its size (
<quantity id="115A2DAEFFDF3E03FF447A36297DFBA7" box="[251,336,1085,1111]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
vs.
<quantity id="115A2DAEFFDF3E03FE3C7A3629FEFBA7" box="[387,467,1085,1111]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="mm" value="27.0">27mm</quantity>
), distribution of the ventral tube feet and some aspects of its body wall deposits. While the first two differences may be attributable to age of the materials, the ossicles appear to be different. Despite the fact that the superficial deposits are of the same form, in the present material the basal portion of these deposits are mostly feebly knobbed/spinose and the lance-like extensions bear a prominent midrib. In
<taxonomicName id="11A2FBC8FFDF3E03FA3E7AA628C4FB1C" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Cucumaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="souriei">
<emphasis id="E4D65C59FFDF3E03FA3E7AA628C4FB1C" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">C. souriei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the basal part of these deposits are mostly smooth with only a few feebly knobbed and the midrib of the projections, if present, neither described nor illustrated. A second point of contention, which appears more valid than the first, is that
<bibRefCitation id="B233FDBAFFDF3E03FE5A7B162AC4FAC7" author="Cherbonnier" box="[485,745,1309,1335]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" refString="Cherbonnier, G. (1949 a) Note sur une Holothurie dendrochirote de Dakar: Cucumaria souriei n. sp. Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris 2 e serie 21, 580 - 584." type="journal article" year="1949" yearSuffix="a">Cherbonnier (1949a)</bibRefCitation>
only vaguely refers to the rounded plates which in our specimens are very prominent, and unlike that illustrated by Cherbonnier, mostly finely knobbed/spinose. In other respects the two species appear very close. It would be interesting to determine the actual form and concentration of the two
<typeStatus id="09193EE9FFDF3E03FE027B8629D6FA57" box="[445,507,1421,1447]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">types</typeStatus>
of body wall deposits in
<taxonomicName id="11A2FBC8FFDF3E03FC9A7B862BB4FA56" box="[805,921,1421,1446]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Cucumaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="souriei">
<emphasis id="E4D65C59FFDF3E03FC9A7B862BB4FA56" box="[805,921,1421,1446]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">C. souriei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Regrettably the
<typeStatus id="09193EE9FFDF3E03FBDA7B862CE6FA57" box="[1125,1227,1421,1447]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="11A2FBC8FFDF3E03FB4C7B862D4BFA56" box="[1267,1382,1421,1446]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Cucumaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="souriei">
<emphasis id="E4D65C59FFDF3E03FB4C7B862D4BFA56" box="[1267,1382,1421,1446]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">C. souriei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was not initially located by the French Museum and the specimen finally received and purported to represent
<taxonomicName id="11A2FBC8FFDF3E03FA3E7BB828C3FA01" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Cucumaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="souriei">
<emphasis id="E4D65C59FFDF3E03FA3E7BB828C3FA01" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">C. souriei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, turned out to be referable to
<taxonomicName id="11A2FBC8FFDF3E03FDD67BD32C78FA02" authority="Cherbonnier, 1963" authorityName="Cherbonnier" authorityYear="1963" box="[617,1109,1496,1522]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Panningia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="crosnieri">
<emphasis id="E4D65C59FFDF3E03FDD67BD32B4EFA01" box="[617,867,1496,1521]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Panningia crosnieri</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="B233FDBAFFDF3E03FCD37BD32C78FA02" author="Cherbonnier" box="[876,1109,1496,1522]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" refString="Cherbonnier, G. (1963) Echinodermes des cotes du Cameroun recoltes par A. Crosnier en decembre 1962 - janvier 1963. Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris 2 e serie 35 (2), 179 - 193." type="journal article" year="1963">Cherbonnier, 1963</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
originally described from
<collectingCountry id="AEB5C0DBFFDF3E03FF287BF62938F9E7" box="[151,277,1533,1559]" name="Cameroon" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D61D804BFFDF3E03FF79782928FAF8EC" blockId="14.[151,1437,152,1932]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
The new species differs from
<taxonomicName id="11A2FBC8FFDF3E03FD9078282A9AF9CC" box="[559,695,1571,1596]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Panningia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="crosnieri">
<emphasis id="E4D65C59FFDF3E03FD9078282A9AF9CC" box="[559,695,1571,1596]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">P. crosnieri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the more elaborate extensions of the superficial body wall deposits and the absence of any obvious posterior processes of the radial plates of the calcareous ring. In
<taxonomicName id="11A2FBC8FFDF3E03FA397843292DF976" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Panningia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="crosnieri">
<emphasis id="E4D65C59FFDF3E03FA397843292DF976" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">P. crosnieri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the prolongations of the deposits is held at an angle to the basal part. In the current material the basal part and the extension are in apparently one plane as in
<taxonomicName id="11A2FBC8FFDF3E03FCA078982BBFF95C" box="[799,914,1683,1708]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Cucumaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="souriei">
<emphasis id="E4D65C59FFDF3E03FCA078982BBFF95C" box="[799,914,1683,1708]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">C. souriei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="11A2FBC8FFDF3E03FC1E78982C0BF95C" box="[929,1062,1683,1708]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Panningia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="crosnieri">
<emphasis id="E4D65C59FFDF3E03FC1E78982C0BF95C" box="[929,1062,1683,1708]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">P. crosnieri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, in addition, has equal tentacles and short and massive posterior processes to the radial plates. Although posteriorly, the radial plates of our species may appear to have incipient prolongations, these are due to the deep posterior concavity of each plate.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D61D804BFFDF3E03FF79792329FDF87C" blockId="14.[151,1437,152,1932]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
It must be emphasized that while the lance-like extensions of the deposits in the new species are similar to those of
<taxonomicName id="11A2FBC8FFDF3E03FEBD79462951F896" box="[258,380,1869,1894]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Cucumaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="souriei">
<emphasis id="E4D65C59FFDF3E03FEBD79462951F896" box="[258,380,1869,1894]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">C. souriei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, their basal portions and the deeper plates are typical of
<taxonomicName id="11A2FBC8FFDF3E03FB8279462CE7F896" box="[1085,1226,1869,1894]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Panningia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="crosnieri">
<emphasis id="E4D65C59FFDF3E03FB8279462CE7F896" box="[1085,1226,1869,1894]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">P. crosnieri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Hence the three species are closely related.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>