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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.4.e8151" ID-PMC="PMC4867695" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2828-4-8151" ID-PubMed="27226759" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2016" ModsDocID="1314-2828-4-e8151" ModsDocOrigin="Biodiversity Data Journal 4" ModsDocTitle="Checklist of British and Irish Hymenoptera - Braconidae" checkinTime="1461288934892" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Broad, Gavin R., Shaw, Mark R. &amp; Godfray, H. Charles J." docDate="2016" docId="5E08231CD157760B2A63342645E5F3CA" docLanguage="en" docName="BiodivDatJour 4: e8151" docOrigin="Biodiversity Data Journal 4" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.4.e8151" docTitle="Dolichogenidea credne Nixon 1973" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="8151" masterDocId="EC41FFB1FFD9782CFFAEFFF87E2EFF92" masterDocTitle="Checklist of British and Irish Hymenoptera - Braconidae" masterLastPageNumber="8151" masterPageNumber="8151" pageNumber="8151" updateTime="1668123791244" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:title>Checklist of British and Irish Hymenoptera - Braconidae</mods:title>
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<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Broad, Gavin R.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Shaw, Mark R.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
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<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Godfray, H. Charles J.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>Biodiversity Data Journal</mods:title>
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<mods:part>
<mods:date>2016</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>4</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>8151</mods:start>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.4.e8151</mods:url>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2828-4-8151</mods:identifier>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5E08231CD157760B2A63342645E5F3CA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5E08231CD157760B2A63342645E5F3CA" lastPageNumber="8151" pageId="0" pageNumber="8151">
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<taxonomicName authority="Nixon, 1973" authorityName="Nixon" authorityYear="1973" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Dolichogenidea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dolichogenidea credne" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="8151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="credne">Dolichogenidea credne (Nixon, 1973)</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="8151">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Apanteles" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Apanteles credne" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="8151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="credne">Apanteles credne</taxonomicName>
Nixon, 1973
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="8151" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="8151">Distribution</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="8151">England</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.143.32821" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f5acbf65-b285-40bf-b242-a167ca1f8003" ID-GBIF-Taxon="162629461" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-143-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="F6F11A6EE4FF5A1885CEA2B60AE965A5" ModsDocID="1314-2003-143-1" checkinTime="1584460888788" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Wood, John R. I., Munoz-Rodriguez, Pablo, Williams, Bethany R. M. &amp; Scotland, Robert W." docDate="2020" docId="5E083A006C616DF6214AD38C2F92DB71" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 143: 1-823" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 143" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.143.32821" docTitle="Ipomoea undetermined" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" id="F6F11A6EE4FF5A1885CEA2B60AE965A5" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="F6F11A6EE4FF5A1885CEA2B60AE965A5" masterDocTitle="A foundation monograph of Ipomoea (Convolvulaceae) in the New World" masterLastPageNumber="823" masterPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1643440934530" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>A foundation monograph of Ipomoea (Convolvulaceae) in the New World</mods:title>
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<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Wood, John R. I.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Munoz-Rodriguez, Pablo</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Williams, Bethany R. M.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Scotland, Robert W.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>143</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
<mods:end>823</mods:end>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.143.32821</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.143.32821</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-143-1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">F6F11A6EE4FF5A1885CEA2B60AE965A5</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="162629461" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5E083A006C616DF6214AD38C2F92DB71" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5E083A006C616DF6214AD38C2F92DB71" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
425.
<taxonomicName authority="(E. Jara 990)" baseAuthorityName="E. Jara" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Convolvulaceae" genus="Ipomoea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ipomoea</emphasis>
sp. D (
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E. Jara</emphasis>
990)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Perennial twining herb with wiry stems to 1.2 m, latex white, rootstock swollen, purplish. Leaves petiolate, 2-3.8
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
0.3-1 cm, lanceolate, base rounded to cuneate, apex acute and aristate, both surfaces glabrous; petiole 4-10 mm, weakly winged near base. Inflorescence of very shortly pedunculate axillary cymes with up to 4 flowers; peduncles 3-5 mm long, muricate; bracteoles not seen; pedicels 10-15 mm long; sepals unequal, coriaceous, glabrous, outer 5-10 mm, ovate, obtuse, inner oblong, rounded, 8-12
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
4-6 mm; corolla 5.5-6 cm long, deep pink, hypocrateriform, limb 4-5 cm diam., anthers exserted. Capsules 5-10
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
8-15 mm, compressed-globose; seeds 3-5
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
5-10 mm, pubescent.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Endemic to the
<normalizedToken originalValue="Marañon">Maranon</normalizedToken>
valley where it grows in seasonally dry deciduous scrub at 2360 m.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">PERU. Ancash</emphasis>
: Prov. Antonio Raimondi, Dist. Chingas, Hanan Raqui,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E. Jara</emphasis>
990 (USM).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Notes</emphasis>
. A description is being prepared by the discoverers of this species but initial molecular studies have not confirmed its placement.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">The roots are eaten raw by people in the neighbourhood of the collection locality.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.811.28924" ID-GBIF-Dataset="494737a3-3db0-413d-9ba0-c5b553652a33" ID-PMC="PMC6323115" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-811-109" ID-PubMed="30627041" ID-ZBK="B49DF845B5D94EBB917DA975C221A4F5" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2018" ModsDocID="1313-2970-811-109" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 811" ModsDocTitle="Twenty six new species of Leioproctus (Colletellus): Australian Neopasiphaeinae, all but one with two submarginal cells (Hymenoptera, Colletidae, Leioproctus)" checkinTime="1546264723508" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Leijs, Remko, Dorey, James &amp; Hogendoorn, Katja" docDate="2018" docId="5E084539BF4F0C470093704A1F4EFA1C" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 811: 109-168" docOrigin="ZooKeys 811" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.811.28924" docTitle="Leioproctus (Colletellus) consobrinus Leijs, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="EA941251-C89E-4173-AF0A-366B5BDC1E31" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="136" masterDocId="0075FF9A831EB87629138661690E020E" masterDocTitle="Twenty six new species of Leioproctus (Colletellus): Australian Neopasiphaeinae, all but one with two submarginal cells (Hymenoptera, Colletidae, Leioproctus)" masterLastPageNumber="168" masterPageNumber="109" pageNumber="136" updateTime="1668166651274" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Twenty six new species of Leioproctus (Colletellus): Australian Neopasiphaeinae, all but one with two submarginal cells (Hymenoptera, Colletidae, Leioproctus)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Leijs, Remko</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Dorey, James</mods:namePart>
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<mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Hogendoorn, Katja</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2018</mods:date>
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<mods:number>811</mods:number>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="154125055" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:EA941251-C89E-4173-AF0A-366B5BDC1E31" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5E084539BF4F0C470093704A1F4EFA1C" lastPageNumber="136" pageId="27" pageNumber="136">
<subSubSection pageId="27" pageNumber="136" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="136">
<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/EA941251-C89E-4173-AF0A-366B5BDC1E31" authority="Leijs" class="Insecta" family="Colletidae" genus="Leioproctus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leioproctus (Colletellus) consobrinus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="consobrinus" subGenus="Colletellus">
<pageBreakToken pageId="27" pageNumber="136" start="start">Leioproctus</pageBreakToken>
(Colletellus) consobrinus Leijs
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="27" pageNumber="136">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Figure 17
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–F">A-F</normalizedToken>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="27" pageNumber="136" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="136">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="136">
(3♀): Holotype female, 115 km N of Wiluna (
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-26.5961">26.5961S</geoCoordinate>
;
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="121.3806">121.3806E</geoCoordinate>
), 29 July 1983, Houston, T.F. &amp; McMillan, R.P., on
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Schoenia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Schoenia cassiniana" order="Asterales" pageId="27" pageNumber="136" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cassiniana">Schoenia cassiniana</taxonomicName>
, WAM 19110; Paratypes: 2 females, 26 mi WNW of Wiluna (
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-26.9438">26.9438S</geoCoordinate>
;
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="120.3847">120.3847E</geoCoordinate>
), 01 Sep. 1971, Houston, T.F., on
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Thymelaeaceae" genus="Pimelea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pimelea" order="Malvales" pageId="27" pageNumber="136" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Pimelea</taxonomicName>
, WAM 19111-2.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="27" pageNumber="136" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="136">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="136">Ocellocular area dull with minute dense punctures, BTP pointed, inner hind tibial spur ciliate, terga dark with narrow transparent posterior margins.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="136">Male unknown.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="27" pageNumber="136" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="136">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="136">Female holotype: body length: 6 mm; head width: 2 mm. Relative head measurements: HW 50, ASD 2.8, AOD 8.1, HL 37, IAD 10.9, LFW 32, OAD 12, OOD 9.5, OW 17, UFW 34, HW/HL 1.4, LFW/UFW 0.9. Relative wing measurements: MSR 1.84, FSR 1.03, SFR 1.13.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="136">Structure: Terga anteriorly little depressed; BTP pointed; BTP/tibial length ratio 0.28; inner hind tibial spur ciliate with circa 18 small teeth.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="136">Sculpture: scutum smooth, openly to closely punctate; metapostnotum lineo-reticulate; T1 lineo-reticulate, T2-3 transverse lineo-reticulate; clypeus smooth, openly to closely punctate, ventral margin broad; supraclypeal area smooth, sparsely punctate laterally; ocellocular area dull, dense minute punctures; frons densely small punctate; scape dull.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="136">Coloration: terga anteriorly black-brown, posterior margins narrow, transparent orange; scopa light brown; labrum black; scape brown-black; flagellum black, apical 7 segments dark brown; mandibles black, medially brown, with black tip.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="136">Pubescence: scutum very short, open and sparse, long, brown; scutellum very short, open and sparse, long, brown.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="27" pageNumber="136" type="flower records">
<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="136">Flower records.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="136">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Thymelaeaceae" genus="Pimelea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pimelea" order="Malvales" pageId="27" pageNumber="136" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Pimelea</taxonomicName>
sp. (
<taxonomicName family="Thymelaeaceae" lsidName="Myrtacea" pageId="27" pageNumber="136" rank="family">Thymelaeaceae</taxonomicName>
),
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Schoenia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Schoenia cassiniana" order="Asterales" pageId="27" pageNumber="136" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cassiniana">Schoenia cassiniana</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName family="Asteraceae" lsidName="Myrtacea" pageId="27" pageNumber="136" rank="family">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="27" pageNumber="136" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="136">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="136">Figure 17F.</paragraph>
<caption pageId="27" pageNumber="136">
<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="136">
Figure 17.
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Colletidae" genus="Leioproctus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leioproctus (Colletellus) consobrinus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="consobrinus" subGenus="Colletellus">Leioproctus (Colletellus) consobrinus</taxonomicName>
Leijs, sp. n. ♀ holotype WAM19110.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="27" pageNumber="136" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="136">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="136">
The specific epithet refers to the average
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. (Colletellus)" pageId="27" pageNumber="136" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Colletellus">L. (Colletellus)</taxonomicName>
habitus of this species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<document id="6C989F9A4B3393635FF3A269D487ED68" ID-CLB-Dataset="29374" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4466.1.15" ID-GBIF-Dataset="eabdda3b-7555-4141-8ee1-5723897d3b2b" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1442084" ID-ZooBank="1BCC4BD8-A168-408A-8DFD-407DFA44C91D" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1538406368840" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Vacelet, Jean &amp; Cárdenas, Paco" docDate="2018" docId="5E085E57FFA8C96DFF4EDF70FEE9FEA3" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4466.1.15.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4466 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Discorhabdella pseudaster Vacelet &amp; Cárdenas 2018, n. sp." docType="treatment" docUuid="7A38D22E-7F01-47F8-869B-24DAF8217B18" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="203" masterDocId="A231262FFFA9C96BFFD9DC0DFFCAFFC6" masterDocTitle="When is an aster not an aster? A new deep-sea Discorhabdella (Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida) with asters, from the Mozambique Channel" masterLastPageNumber="204" masterPageNumber="197" pageNumber="198" updateTime="1698561996623" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="18ADBB81FFF37E5D0438930F2BB5DA04">When is an aster not an aster? A new deep-sea Discorhabdella (Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida) with asters, from the Mozambique Channel</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="A102286DC9489CC030214A73DF29EE5C">Vacelet, Jean</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="525935CFC99374FDDFC71371FDFEFF71">Cárdenas, Paco</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="4478C3FCAF4C553C9DF4AB5179CBA96C">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="E5D693C65B83AF85ECB83000011B5AF8">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="B597830CEE34F6E43365F3CBA51D7DB2">2018-08-31</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="2F0209B880355FDB41BB269D027A0118">4466</mods:number>
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<paragraph id="D61EEF41FFA8C96AFF4EDF70FDEAFC51" blockId="1.[151,544,893,919]" box="[151,544,893,919]" pageId="1" pageNumber="198">
<heading id="8D56582DFFA8C96AFF4EDF70FDEAFC51" bold="true" box="[151,544,893,919]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="198" reason="1">
<emphasis id="E4D53353FFA8C96AFF4EDF70FDEAFC51" bold="true" box="[151,544,893,919]" pageId="1" pageNumber="198">
<taxonomicName id="11A194C2FFA8C96AFF4EDF70FE1DFC51" ID-CoL="6CZSW" authority="Vacelet &amp; Cárdenas, 2018" authorityName="Vacelet &amp; Cárdenas" authorityYear="2018" box="[151,471,893,919]" class="Demospongiae" family="Crambeidae" genus="Discorhabdella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="1" pageNumber="198" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="pseudaster" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="E4D53353FFA8C96AFF4EDF70FE1DFC51" bold="true" box="[151,471,893,919]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="198">Discorhabdella pseudaster</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="FFE68E28FFA8C96AFE07DF70FDEAFC51" box="[478,544,893,919]" pageId="1" pageNumber="198" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="9EBBBCCAFFA8C96AFF4EDFC9FBA7FBC6" pageId="1" pageNumber="198" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="D61EEF41FFA8C96AFF4EDFC9FBA7FBC6" blockId="1.[151,1437,964,2033]" pageId="1" pageNumber="198">
<emphasis id="E4D53353FFA8C96AFF4EDFC9FECEFC1A" bold="true" box="[151,260,964,988]" pageId="1" pageNumber="198">Holotype</emphasis>
. MNHN-IP-2015-1083, station DW 4788, Warén dredge,
<date id="A21FC981FFA8C96AFC48DFC9FBDEFC1A" box="[913,1044,964,988]" pageId="1" pageNumber="198" value="2017-01-22">22/01/2017</date>
, Banc du Geyser, 12°22’ S, 46°25’ E,
<quantity id="115942A4FFA8C96AFF6FDFEAFEFFFC39" box="[182,309,999,1024]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.475" metricValueMax="3.4899999999999998" metricValueMin="3.46" pageId="1" pageNumber="198" unit="m" value="347.5" valueMax="349.0" valueMin="346.0">346–349 m</quantity>
depth, rocks and pebbles. Field# PMG 0 5, coll. C. Debitus, ethanol 95%.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="9EBBBCCAFFA8C96AFF1ED806FCF7F933" pageId="1" pageNumber="198" type="description">
<paragraph id="D61EEF41FFA8C96AFF1ED806FD10FBAB" blockId="1.[151,1437,964,2033]" pageId="1" pageNumber="198">
<emphasis id="E4D53353FFA8C96AFF1ED806FE9BFBE2" bold="true" box="[199,337,1035,1060]" pageId="1" pageNumber="198">Description</emphasis>
. A minute, incrusting sponge,
<date id="A21FC981FFA8C96AFD60D801FD15FBE2" box="[697,735,1036,1060]" pageId="1" pageNumber="198">4 x</date>
<quantity id="115942A4FFA8C96AFD30D801FC89FBE2" box="[745,835,1036,1061]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="198" unit="mm" value="2.5">2.5 mm</quantity>
and 200 µm thick, hispid (
<figureCitation id="4E9AF3C4FFA8C96AFB5BD801FB20FBE2" box="[1154,1258,1036,1061]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1937,1959]" captionTargetBox="[208,1382,193,1921]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[208,1382,193,1921]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Discorhabdella pseudaster n. sp., A, habitus of holotype (arrow). B, large subtylostyle. C, tylostyle. D, pseudoastrose acanthotyle. E, immature pseudoastrose acanthotyle. F, pseudoastrose acanthotyle seen from the tip. G, H &amp; I, pseudoasters. J, unguiferous cleistochelae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1442088/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="198">Fig. 2 A</figureCitation>
). Color grayish white alive and in alcohol. No visible aperture. A stoloniferous calcified octocoral, possibly
<emphasis id="E4D53353FFA8C96AFB6CD822FA98FB8E" box="[1205,1362,1071,1096]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="198">Scleranthellia</emphasis>
(Gary Williams, pers. com.), is growing on the same rock.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D61EEF41FFA8C96AFF1ED87AFCF7F933" blockId="1.[151,1437,964,2033]" pageId="1" pageNumber="198">
<emphasis id="E4D53353FFA8C96AFF1ED87AFEE4FB56" bold="true" box="[199,302,1143,1168]" pageId="1" pageNumber="198">Skeleton</emphasis>
. The skeleton is made of long styles with a barely inflated head bearing low, round tubercles. These styles are disposed vertically on the substratum and give the long hispidation. They are surrounded by smaller tylostyles irregularly arranged, sometimes forming poorly defined bouquets. Pseudoastrose acanthostyles are arranged vertically, with the head on the substratum. Pseudoasters and isochelae are dispersed in the whole choanosome.
<emphasis id="E4D53353FFA8C96AFEE8D90AFE59FAE6" bold="true" box="[305,403,1287,1312]" pageId="1" pageNumber="198">Spicules</emphasis>
. (1) Subtylostyles (
<figureCitation id="4E9AF3C4FFA8C96AFDB6D90AFD04FAE6" box="[623,718,1287,1312]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1937,1959]" captionTargetBox="[208,1382,193,1921]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[208,1382,193,1921]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Discorhabdella pseudaster n. sp., A, habitus of holotype (arrow). B, large subtylostyle. C, tylostyle. D, pseudoastrose acanthotyle. E, immature pseudoastrose acanthotyle. F, pseudoastrose acanthotyle seen from the tip. G, H &amp; I, pseudoasters. J, unguiferous cleistochelae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1442088/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="198">Fig. 2 B</figureCitation>
), straight or slightly curved, with a barely tuberculated head, all broken in the spicule or skeleton slides. Axial canal ending in a small vesicle in the head (not divided), although faint, radiating darker lines could be seen (
<figureCitation id="4E9AF3C4FFA8C96AFD59D942FD2FFAAE" box="[640,741,1359,1384]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1600,1622]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1021,1579]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,1021,1579]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Discorhabdella pseudaster n. sp. A, head of a subtylostyle, showing the axial canal. B, head of a pseudoastrose acanthotyle viewed by the top." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1442090/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="198">Fig. 3 A</figureCitation>
). Maximum length of the broken spicules: 600 µm, diameter 40–56 µm near the base.(2) Tylostyles (
<figureCitation id="4E9AF3C4FFA8C96AFD83D979FD71FA4A" box="[602,699,1396,1421]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1937,1959]" captionTargetBox="[208,1382,193,1921]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[208,1382,193,1921]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Discorhabdella pseudaster n. sp., A, habitus of holotype (arrow). B, large subtylostyle. C, tylostyle. D, pseudoastrose acanthotyle. E, immature pseudoastrose acanthotyle. F, pseudoastrose acanthotyle seen from the tip. G, H &amp; I, pseudoasters. J, unguiferous cleistochelae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1442088/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="198">Fig. 2 C</figureCitation>
), straight or slightly curved, with a well-marked oval head, 240– 370
<date id="A21FC981FFA8C96AFF1ED995FEDEFA76" box="[199,276,1432,1456]" pageId="1" pageNumber="198" value="2010-10-09">x 9–10</date>
µm.(3) Pseudoastrose acanthostyles (
<figureCitation id="4E9AF3C4FFA8C96AFD61D99AFCFCFA76" box="[696,822,1431,1456]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1937,1959]" captionTargetBox="[208,1382,193,1921]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[208,1382,193,1921]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Discorhabdella pseudaster n. sp., A, habitus of holotype (arrow). B, large subtylostyle. C, tylostyle. D, pseudoastrose acanthotyle. E, immature pseudoastrose acanthotyle. F, pseudoastrose acanthotyle seen from the tip. G, H &amp; I, pseudoasters. J, unguiferous cleistochelae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1442088/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="198">Fig. 2 D–F</figureCitation>
). Spine-like rays of the head obtuse, those of the end of the shaft generally more acute. Total length 35–45 µm, diameter of the head 35–40 µm, shaft
<date id="A21FC981FFA8C96AFB62D9B1FAFFFA12" box="[1211,1333,1468,1493]" pageId="1" pageNumber="198" value="2012-10-20" valueMax="2012-10-25" valueMin="2012-10-20">20-25 x 12</date>
µm with spines at the extremity. Axial canal barely visible by transparency (not divided in the head), although faint, radiating darker lines could be seen in the head (
<figureCitation id="4E9AF3C4FFA8C96AFD18DA09FCE8F9DA" box="[705,802,1540,1565]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1600,1622]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1021,1579]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,1021,1579]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Discorhabdella pseudaster n. sp. A, head of a subtylostyle, showing the axial canal. B, head of a pseudoastrose acanthotyle viewed by the top." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1442090/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="198">Fig. 3 B</figureCitation>
). Some rare spicules, likely juvenile, are a little smaller (e.g. 28 µm in length), and have more acute spines.(4) Pseudoasters (
<figureCitation id="4E9AF3C4FFA8C96AFC10DA2AFB80F986" box="[969,1098,1575,1600]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1937,1959]" captionTargetBox="[208,1382,193,1921]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[208,1382,193,1921]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Discorhabdella pseudaster n. sp., A, habitus of holotype (arrow). B, large subtylostyle. C, tylostyle. D, pseudoastrose acanthotyle. E, immature pseudoastrose acanthotyle. F, pseudoastrose acanthotyle seen from the tip. G, H &amp; I, pseudoasters. J, unguiferous cleistochelae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1442088/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="198">Fig. 2 G–I</figureCitation>
), similar to spherasters, very abundant, 12.5–18 µm in diameter, with conical, sharp spine-like rays, 2.5–4 µm long. No visible axial canals in the spines.(5) Unguiferous cleistochelae (
<figureCitation id="4E9AF3C4FFA8C96AFDB5DA62FD0EF94E" box="[620,708,1647,1672]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1937,1959]" captionTargetBox="[208,1382,193,1921]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[208,1382,193,1921]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Discorhabdella pseudaster n. sp., A, habitus of holotype (arrow). B, large subtylostyle. C, tylostyle. D, pseudoastrose acanthotyle. E, immature pseudoastrose acanthotyle. F, pseudoastrose acanthotyle seen from the tip. G, H &amp; I, pseudoasters. J, unguiferous cleistochelae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1442088/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="198">Fig. 2 J</figureCitation>
), small, 12–15 µm. Shaft straight, 4 or 5 teeth nearly in contact, often with the end on one side blunt and the other slightly indented. The shaft bears a conspicuous lamella, attached by a part of its length, similar to a hatchet. The free part of the hatchet is most often directed towards the nonindented teeth, but the opposite case has also been observed.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="9EBBBCCAFFA8C96AFF1EDB0DFC98F8DE" box="[199,850,1791,1816]" pageId="1" pageNumber="198" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="D61EEF41FFA8C96AFF1EDB0DFC98F8DE" blockId="1.[151,1437,964,2033]" box="[199,850,1791,1816]" pageId="1" pageNumber="198">
<emphasis id="E4D53353FFA8C96AFF1EDB0DFE84F8DE" bold="true" box="[199,334,1792,1816]" pageId="1" pageNumber="198">Etymology.</emphasis>
From Latin
<emphasis id="E4D53353FFA8C96AFE03DAF2FDE3F8DE" box="[474,553,1791,1816]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="198">pseudo</emphasis>
(meaning false) and
<emphasis id="E4D53353FFA8C96AFCCFDB0CFC98F8DE" box="[790,850,1793,1816]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="198">aster.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="9EBBBCCAFFA8C96DFF1EDB29FEE9FEA3" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="203" pageId="1" pageNumber="198" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="D61EEF41FFA8C96AFF1EDB29FAA4F86E" blockId="1.[151,1437,964,2033]" pageId="1" pageNumber="198">
<emphasis id="E4D53353FFA8C96AFF1EDB29FEFEF8FA" bold="true" box="[199,308,1828,1852]" pageId="1" pageNumber="198">Remarks</emphasis>
. The presence of chelae makes this sponge a
<taxonomicName id="11A194C2FFA8C96AFCEFDB29FC2FF8FB" authorityName="Topsent" authorityYear="1928" box="[822,997,1828,1853]" class="Demospongiae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="1" pageNumber="198" phylum="Porifera" rank="order">Poecilosclerida</taxonomicName>
. This minute sponge clearly belongs to the genus
<taxonomicName id="11A194C2FFA8C96AFEC5DB4AFE00F8A6" authorityName="Vacelet &amp; Cárdenas" authorityYear="2018" box="[284,458,1863,1888]" class="Demospongiae" family="Crambeidae" genus="Discorhabdella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="1" pageNumber="198" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E4D53353FFA8C96AFEC5DB4AFE00F8A6" box="[284,458,1863,1888]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="198">Discorhabdella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by its shape, skeleton and especially the diagnostic club-shaped pseudoastrose acanthostyles. Unfortunately, the unique specimen is too small to allow obtaining sequences, so the affinities between
<taxonomicName id="11A194C2FFA8C96AFF22DB82FE63F86E" authorityName="Vacelet &amp; Cárdenas" authorityYear="2018" box="[251,425,1935,1960]" class="Demospongiae" family="Crambeidae" genus="Discorhabdella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="1" pageNumber="198" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E4D53353FFA8C96AFF22DB82FE63F86E" box="[251,425,1935,1960]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="198">Discorhabdella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="11A194C2FFA8C96AFE06DB82FDF0F86E" box="[479,570,1935,1960]" class="Demospongiae" family="Crambeidae" genus="Crambe" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="1" pageNumber="198" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E4D53353FFA8C96AFE06DB82FDF0F86E" box="[479,570,1935,1960]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="198">Crambe</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
remain likely (
<bibRefCitation id="B23092B0FFA8C96AFD3ADB82FC37F86E" box="[739,1021,1935,1960]" pageId="1" pageNumber="198" refId="ref3288" refString="Maldonado, M. &amp; Uriz, M. J. (1996) Skeletal morphology of two controversial poecilosclerid genera (Porifera, Demospongiae): Discorhabdella and Crambe. Helgolander Wissenschaftliche Meeresuntersuchungen, 50, 369 - 390. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 02367110" type="journal article">Maldonado &amp; Uriz 1996</bibRefCitation>
), but not formerly demonstrated.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D61EEF41FFA8C969FF1EDBB8FDC8FE16" blockId="1.[151,1437,964,2033]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1437,151,464]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="199" pageId="1" pageNumber="198">
It is rather puzzling to find “aster” spicules in a poecilosclerid, which moreover have the same position in the skeleton as true asters in non-poecilosclerid encrusting sponges (e.g.
<taxonomicName id="11A194C2FFA8C96AFC4EDBD5FB1EF837" authority=", Chondrillida" authorityName="Chondrillida" box="[919,1236,2008,2033]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spirastrellidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="1" pageNumber="198" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Spirastrellidae, Chondrillida</taxonomicName>
or Tethyida). The true nature of these asters is questionable. It is essential in taxonomy and phylogeny to use homologous morphological characters, and that is not always obvious as clearly shown by
<bibRefCitation id="B23092B0FFABC969FC23DCB0FAF1FF12" box="[1018,1339,188,213]" pageId="2" pageNumber="199" refId="ref2967" refString="Fromont, J. P. &amp; Bergquist, P. R. (1990) Structural characters and their use in sponge taxonomy; when is a sigma not a sigma? In: Rutzler, K. (Ed.), New Perspectives in Sponge Biology. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D. C., pp. 273 - 278." type="book chapter">Fromont &amp; Bergquist (1990)</bibRefCitation>
with the example of sigma microscleres or acanthose megascleres. Here, the most likely explanation is that the “asters” derive from the pseudoastrose acanthostyles with reduced shaft typical of
<taxonomicName id="11A194C2FFABC969FC07DD09FB46FEDB" authorityName="Vacelet &amp; Cárdenas" authorityYear="2018" box="[990,1164,260,285]" class="Demospongiae" family="Crambeidae" genus="Discorhabdella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="2" pageNumber="199" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E4D53353FFABC969FC07DD09FB46FEDB" box="[990,1164,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="199">Discorhabdella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by complete loss of the shaft. The presence of “asteroid” corpuscules somewhat similar to asters have been described in two other members of the family
<taxonomicName id="11A194C2FFABC969FE78DD41FDE1FEA3" authorityName="Levi" authorityYear="1963" box="[417,555,332,357]" class="Demospongiae" family="Crambeidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="2" pageNumber="199" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Crambeidae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="11A194C2FFABC969FDEEDD41FBF6FEA2" authority="Maldonado &amp; Benito, 1991" authorityName="Maldonado &amp; Benito" authorityYear="1991" box="[567,1084,332,357]" class="Demospongiae" family="Crambeidae" genus="Crambe" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="2" pageNumber="199" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tuberosa">
<emphasis id="E4D53353FFABC969FDEEDD41FD31FEA3" box="[567,763,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="199">Crambe tuberosa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="B23092B0FFABC969FCDADD41FBF6FEA2" box="[771,1084,332,357]" pageId="2" pageNumber="199" refId="ref3242" refString="Maldonado, M. &amp; Benito, J. (1991) Crambe tuberosa n. sp. (Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida): A new Mediterranean poecilosclerid with lithistid affinities. Cahiers de Biologie Marine, 32 (3), 323 - 332." type="journal article">Maldonado &amp; Benito, 1991</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="11A194C2FFABC969FBA3DD41FEEDFE4E" authority="Esteves et al., 2007" authorityName="Esteves et al." authorityYear="2007" class="Demospongiae" family="Crambeidae" genus="Crambe" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="2" pageNumber="199" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="chilensis">
<emphasis id="E4D53353FFABC969FBA3DD41FAF4FEA3" box="[1146,1342,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="199">Crambe chilensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="B23092B0FFABC969FA9FDD40FEEDFE4E" pageId="2" pageNumber="199" refId="ref2893" refString="Esteves, E. L., Lobo-Hajdu, G. &amp; Hajdu, E. (2007) Three new species of Crambe (Crambeidae: Poecilosclerida: Demospongiae) from the south-eastern Pacific, with a review of morphological characters for the genus. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 87, 1367 - 1378. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0025315407058110" type="journal article">
Esteves
<emphasis id="E4D53353FFABC969FF4EDD7CFF1CFE4E" box="[151,214,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="199">et al.</emphasis>
, 2007
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
; these spicules, which in
<taxonomicName id="11A194C2FFABC969FDB0DD7DFD38FE4E" authorityName="Maldonado &amp; Benito" authorityYear="1991" box="[617,754,367,392]" class="Demospongiae" family="Crambeidae" genus="Crambe" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="2" pageNumber="199" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tuberosa">
<emphasis id="E4D53353FFABC969FDB0DD7DFD38FE4E" box="[617,754,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="199">C. tuberosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have axial filaments in the actines, were interpreted as developmental stages of desmas, otherwise present in
<taxonomicName id="11A194C2FFABC969FD28DD99FC86FE6B" box="[753,844,404,429]" class="Demospongiae" family="Crambeidae" genus="Crambe" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="2" pageNumber="199" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E4D53353FFABC969FD28DD99FC86FE6B" box="[753,844,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="199">Crambe</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp. (
<bibRefCitation id="B23092B0FFABC969FC54DD99FB77FE6A" box="[909,1213,404,429]" pageId="2" pageNumber="199" refId="ref3242" refString="Maldonado, M. &amp; Benito, J. (1991) Crambe tuberosa n. sp. (Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida): A new Mediterranean poecilosclerid with lithistid affinities. Cahiers de Biologie Marine, 32 (3), 323 - 332." type="journal article">Maldonado &amp; Benito 1991</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="B23092B0FFABC969FB11DD99FF18FE16" pageId="2" pageNumber="199" refId="ref3562" refString="Uriz, M. J. &amp; Maldonado, M. (1995) A reconsideration of the relationship between polyaxonid and monaxonid spicules in Demospongiae: new data from the genera Crambe and Discorhabdella. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 55, 1 - 15. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / 0024 - 4066 (95) 90025 - X" type="journal article">Uriz &amp; Maldonado 1995</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="B23092B0FFABC969FF04DDBAFE3CFE16" box="[221,502,439,464]" pageId="2" pageNumber="199" refId="ref3288" refString="Maldonado, M. &amp; Uriz, M. J. (1996) Skeletal morphology of two controversial poecilosclerid genera (Porifera, Demospongiae): Discorhabdella and Crambe. Helgolander Wissenschaftliche Meeresuntersuchungen, 50, 369 - 390. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 02367110" type="journal article">Maldonado &amp; Uriz 1996</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="82DEBFC9FFABC969FF4EDBA8FBB9F87D" box="[151,1139,1957,1979]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1442086/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="199" startId="2.[151,250,1957,1979]" targetBox="[151,1436,489,1926]" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph id="D61EEF41FFABC969FF4EDBA8FBB9F87D" blockId="2.[151,1139,1957,1979]" box="[151,1139,1957,1979]" pageId="2" pageNumber="199">
<emphasis id="E4D53353FFABC969FF4EDBA8FED9F87C" bold="true" box="[151,275,1957,1979]" pageId="2" pageNumber="199">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
On-deck picture of the piece of rock bearing the specimen (arrow). Square = 25 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="82DEBFC9FFAAC968FF4EDB9CFD8FF822" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1442088/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="200" startId="3.[151,250,1937,1959]" targetBox="[208,1382,193,1921]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="D61EEF41FFAAC968FF4EDB9CFD8FF822" blockId="3.[151,1436,1937,2020]" pageId="3" pageNumber="200">
<emphasis id="E4D53353FFAAC968FF4EDB9CFED3F860" bold="true" box="[151,281,1937,1959]" pageId="3" pageNumber="200">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="11A194C2FFAAC968FEFFDB9CFDF4F861" authority="Vacelet &amp; Cárdenas, 2018" authorityName="Vacelet &amp; Cárdenas" authorityYear="2018" box="[294,574,1937,1959]" class="Demospongiae" family="Crambeidae" genus="Discorhabdella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="3" pageNumber="200" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="pseudaster" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="E4D53353FFAAC968FEFFDB9CFDF4F861" box="[294,574,1937,1959]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="200">Discorhabdella pseudaster</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="FFE68E28FFAAC968FD95DB9CFD46F860" box="[588,652,1937,1958]" pageId="3" pageNumber="200" rank="species">
<emphasis id="E4D53353FFAAC968FD95DB9CFD46F860" bold="true" box="[588,652,1937,1958]" pageId="3" pageNumber="200">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, A, habitus of holotype (arrow). B, large subtylostyle. C, tylostyle. D, pseudoastrose acanthotyle. E, immature pseudoastrose acanthotyle. F, pseudoastrose acanthotyle seen from the tip. G, H &amp; I, pseudoasters. J, unguiferous cleistochelae.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="82DEBFC9FFADC96FFF4ADE6DFBF8FDB3" box="[147,1074,608,630]" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">
<paragraph id="D61EEF41FFADC96FFF4ADE6DFBF8FDB3" blockId="4.[147,1074,608,630]" box="[147,1074,608,630]" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">
<emphasis id="E4D53353FFADC96FFF4ADE6DFF3FFDB3" bold="true" box="[147,245,608,629]" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
Comparative table of world
<taxonomicName id="11A194C2FFADC96FFE2FDE6DFD4BFDB0" authorityName="Vacelet &amp; Cárdenas" authorityYear="2018" box="[502,641,608,630]" class="Demospongiae" family="Crambeidae" genus="Discorhabdella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="4" pageNumber="201" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E4D53353FFADC96FFE2FDE6DFD4BFDB0" box="[502,641,608,630]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">Discorhabdella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species showing spicule measurements (in µm).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="D61EEF41FFADC96FFF4ADE86F8C8FA5B" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">
<table id="A4A11DE1FFAD3694FF4ADE86F89DFA7F" box="[147,1879,651,1465]" gridcols="8" gridrows="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">
<tr id="6891ED03FFAD3694FF4ADE86F89DFD7A" box="[147,1879,651,700]" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">
<th id="2B40847FFFAD3694FF4ADE86FEACFD7A" box="[147,358,651,700]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">
<emphasis id="E4D53353FFADC96FFF4ADE86FEACFD67" bold="true" box="[147,358,651,673]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">
<taxonomicName id="11A194C2FFADC96FFF4ADE86FED5FD66" authorityName="Vacelet &amp; Cárdenas" authorityYear="2018" box="[147,287,651,672]" class="Demospongiae" family="Crambeidae" genus="Discorhabdella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="4" pageNumber="201" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Discorhabdella</taxonomicName>
species
</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="2B40847FFFAD3694FE79DE86FD82FD7A" box="[416,584,651,700]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">
<emphasis id="E4D53353FFADC96FFE79DE81FDC5FD7A" bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">Region and depth range</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="2B40847FFFAD3694FDB6DE86FCEDFD7A" box="[623,807,651,700]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">
<emphasis id="E4D53353FFADC96FFD53DE81FCCDFD7A" bold="true" box="[650,779,652,700]" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">Tuberculated subtylostyles</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="2B40847FFFAD3694FC92DE86FC32FD7A" box="[843,1016,651,700]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">
<emphasis id="E4D53353FFADC96FFCABDE81FC18FD67" bold="true" box="[882,978,652,673]" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">Tylostyles</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="2B40847FFFAD3694FBECDE86FB76FD7A" box="[1077,1212,651,700]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">
<emphasis id="E4D53353FFADC96FFBECDE81FB72FD7A" bold="true" box="[1077,1212,652,700]" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">Pseudoastrose acanthostyles</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="2B40847FFFAD3694FAC8DE86FA47FD7A" box="[1297,1421,651,700]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">
<emphasis id="E4D53353FFADC96FFAC8DE81FA47FD67" bold="true" box="[1297,1421,652,673]" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">Pseudoasters</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="2B40847FFFAD3694FA23DE86F998FD7A" box="[1530,1618,651,700]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">
<emphasis id="E4D53353FFADC96FFA23DE81F998FD67" bold="true" box="[1530,1618,652,673]" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">Isochelae</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="2B40847FFFAD3694F97BDE86F89DFD7A" box="[1698,1879,651,700]" gridcol="7" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">
<emphasis id="E4D53353FFADC96FF97BDE81F89DFD67" bold="true" box="[1698,1879,652,673]" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">Other microscleres</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="6891ED03FFAD3694FF4ADEDFF89DFCC5" box="[147,1879,722,771]" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">
<th id="2B40847FFFAD3694FF4ADEDFFEACFCC5" box="[147,358,722,771]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">
<taxonomicName id="11A194C2FFADC96FFF4ADEDEFF2CFD2E" authorityName="Boury-Esnault, Pansini &amp; Uriz" authorityYear="1992" box="[147,230,722,744]" class="Demospongiae" family="Crambeidae" genus="Discorhabdella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="4" pageNumber="201" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="hindei">
<emphasis id="E4D53353FFADC96FFF4ADEDEFF2CFD2E" box="[147,230,722,744]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">D. hindei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="2B40847FFFAD3694FE79DEDFFD82FCC5" box="[416,584,722,771]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">Alboran Sea 534–604 m</td>
<td id="2B40847FFFAD3694FDB6DEDFFCEDFCC5" box="[623,807,722,771]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">855–1556 x 34–52</td>
<td id="2B40847FFFAD3694FC92DEDFFC32FCC5" box="[843,1016,722,771]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">276–445 x 5.2</td>
<td id="2B40847FFFAD3694FBECDEDFFB76FCC5" box="[1077,1212,722,771]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">43–57 x 8–10, head 36–39</td>
<td id="2B40847FFFAD3694FAC8DEDFFA47FCC5" box="[1297,1421,722,771]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">–––</td>
<td id="2B40847FFFAD3694FA23DEDFF998FCC5" box="[1530,1618,722,771]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">22–27</td>
<td id="2B40847FFFAD3694F97BDEDFF89DFCC5" box="[1698,1879,722,771]" gridcol="7" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">Sigmas 11–16 x 1–1.3</td>
</tr>
<tr id="6891ED03FFAD3694FF4ADF26F89DFCBE" box="[147,1879,811,888]" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">
<th id="2B40847FFFAD3694FF4ADF26FEACFCBE" box="[147,358,811,888]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">
<taxonomicName id="11A194C2FFADC96FFF4ADF26FEC1FC86" authorityName="Dendy" authorityYear="1924" box="[147,267,811,832]" class="Demospongiae" family="Crambeidae" genus="Discorhabdella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="4" pageNumber="201" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="incrustans">
<emphasis id="E4D53353FFADC96FFF4ADF26FEC1FC86" box="[147,267,811,832]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">D. incrustans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="2B40847FFFAD3694FE79DF26FD82FCBE" box="[416,584,811,888]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">New Zealand 183 m</td>
<td id="2B40847FFFAD3694FDB6DF26FCEDFCBE" box="[623,807,811,888]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">1700/50 900–1700 x 28–61 *</td>
<td id="2B40847FFFAD3694FC92DF26FC32FCBE" box="[843,1016,811,888]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">540/12 357–592 x 10–15 *</td>
<td id="2B40847FFFAD3694FBECDF26FB76FCBE" box="[1077,1212,811,888]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">52/40 36–53*</td>
<td id="2B40847FFFAD3694FAC8DF26FA47FCBE" box="[1297,1421,811,888]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">–––</td>
<td id="2B40847FFFAD3694FA23DF26F998FCBE" box="[1530,1618,811,888]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">48 33–51*</td>
<td id="2B40847FFFAD3694F97BDF26F89DFCBE" box="[1698,1879,811,888]" gridcol="7" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">Oxydiscorhabds 28 x 1.3 26–34*</td>
</tr>
<tr id="6891ED03FFAD3694FF4ADF90F89DFC08" box="[147,1879,925,974]" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">
<th id="2B40847FFFAD3694FF4ADF90FEACFC08" box="[147,358,925,974]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">
<taxonomicName id="11A194C2FFADC96FFF4ADF93FF31FC75" authorityName="Maldonado, Carmona, van Soest &amp; Pomponi" authorityYear="2001" box="[147,251,925,947]" class="Demospongiae" family="Crambeidae" genus="Discorhabdella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="4" pageNumber="201" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="littoralis">
<emphasis id="E4D53353FFADC96FFF4ADF93FF31FC75" box="[147,251,925,947]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">D. littoralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="2B40847FFFAD3694FE79DF90FD82FC08" box="[416,584,925,974]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">Panama (Pacific) 10–30 m</td>
<td id="2B40847FFFAD3694FDB6DF90FCEDFC08" box="[623,807,925,974]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">117–300 x 5–10</td>
<td id="2B40847FFFAD3694FC92DF90FC32FC08" box="[843,1016,925,974]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">130–180 x 2.5–4</td>
<td id="2B40847FFFAD3694FBECDF90FB76FC08" box="[1077,1212,925,974]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">26–40</td>
<td id="2B40847FFFAD3694FAC8DF90FA47FC08" box="[1297,1421,925,974]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">–––</td>
<td id="2B40847FFFAD3694FA23DF90F998FC08" box="[1530,1618,925,974]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">–––</td>
<td id="2B40847FFFAD3694F97BDF90F89DFC08" box="[1698,1879,925,974]" gridcol="7" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">Sigmas 13–15</td>
</tr>
<tr id="6891ED03FFAD3694FF4AD802F89DFB87" box="[147,1879,1039,1089]" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">
<th id="2B40847FFFAD3694FF4AD802FEACFB87" box="[147,358,1039,1089]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">
<taxonomicName id="11A194C2FFADC96FFF4AD81DFE9CFBE3" baseAuthorityName="Topsent" baseAuthorityYear="1890" box="[147,342,1039,1061]" class="Demospongiae" family="Crambeidae" genus="Discorhabdella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="4" pageNumber="201" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tuberosocapitatum">
<emphasis id="E4D53353FFADC96FFF4AD81DFE9CFBE3" box="[147,342,1039,1061]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">D. tuberosocapitatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="2B40847FFFAD3694FE79D802FD82FB87" box="[416,584,1039,1089]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">Azores 736 m</td>
<td id="2B40847FFFAD3694FDB6D802FCEDFB87" box="[623,807,1039,1089]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">650 x 28</td>
<td id="2B40847FFFAD3694FC92D802FC32FB87" box="[843,1016,1039,1089]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">330</td>
<td id="2B40847FFFAD3694FBECD802FB76FB87" box="[1077,1212,1039,1089]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">130</td>
<td id="2B40847FFFAD3694FAC8D802FA47FB87" box="[1297,1421,1039,1089]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">–––</td>
<td id="2B40847FFFAD3694FA23D802F998FB87" box="[1530,1618,1039,1089]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">25</td>
<td id="2B40847FFFAD3694F97BD802F89DFB87" box="[1698,1879,1039,1089]" gridcol="7" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">–––</td>
</tr>
<tr id="6891ED03FFAD3694FF4AD86AF89DFB75" box="[147,1879,1127,1203]" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">
<th id="2B40847FFFAD3694FF4AD86AFEACFB75" box="[147,358,1127,1203]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">
<taxonomicName id="11A194C2FFADC96FFF4AD86AFF2CFBBA" authorityName="Maldonado, Carmona, van Soest &amp; Pomponi" authorityYear="2001" box="[147,230,1127,1148]" class="Demospongiae" family="Crambeidae" genus="Discorhabdella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="4" pageNumber="201" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="urizae">
<emphasis id="E4D53353FFADC96FFF4AD86AFF2CFBBA" box="[147,230,1127,1148]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">D. urizae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="2B40847FFFAD3694FE79D86AFD82FB75" box="[416,584,1127,1203]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">Panama (Pacific) 55–73 m</td>
<td id="2B40847FFFAD3694FDB6D86AFCEDFB75" box="[623,807,1127,1203]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">380–750 x 19–42</td>
<td id="2B40847FFFAD3694FC92D86AFC32FB75" box="[843,1016,1127,1203]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">180–220 x 5–7</td>
<td id="2B40847FFFAD3694FBECD86AFB76FB75" box="[1077,1212,1127,1203]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">23–37</td>
<td id="2B40847FFFAD3694FAC8D86AFA47FB75" box="[1297,1421,1127,1203]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">–––</td>
<td id="2B40847FFFAD3694FA23D86AF998FB75" box="[1530,1618,1127,1203]" gridcol="6" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">26–29</td>
<td id="2B40847FFFAD3694F97BD86AF89DFB75" box="[1698,1879,1127,1203]" gridcol="7" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">Acanthomicroxea 19–26 &amp; sigmas 13–16</td>
</tr>
<tr id="6891ED03FFAD3694FF4AD8D5F89DFACC" box="[147,1879,1240,1290]" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">
<th id="2B40847FFFAD3694FF4AD8D5FEACFACC" box="[147,358,1240,1290]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">
<taxonomicName id="11A194C2FFADC96FFF4AD8D4FED0FB28" authority="Vacelet &amp; Cárdenas, 2018" authorityName="Vacelet &amp; Cárdenas" authorityYear="2018" box="[147,282,1240,1262]" class="Demospongiae" family="Crambeidae" genus="Discorhabdella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="4" pageNumber="201" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="pseudoaster" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="E4D53353FFADC96FFF4AD8D4FED0FB28" box="[147,282,1240,1262]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">D. pseudoaster</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="FFE68E28FFADC96FFEC6D8D4FE9AFB28" box="[287,336,1241,1262]" pageId="4" pageNumber="201" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</th>
<td id="2B40847FFFAD3694FE79D8D5FD82FACC" box="[416,584,1240,1290]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">Banc du Geyser 346–349 m</td>
<td id="2B40847FFFAD3694FDB6D8D5FCEDFACC" box="[623,807,1240,1290]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">&gt; 600 x 40–50</td>
<td id="2B40847FFFAD3694FC92D8D5FC32FACC" box="[843,1016,1240,1290]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">240–370 x 9–10</td>
<td id="2B40847FFFAD3694FBECD8D5FB76FACC" box="[1077,1212,1240,1290]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">35–45</td>
<td id="2B40847FFFAD3694FAC8D8D5FA47FACC" box="[1297,1421,1240,1290]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">12.5–18</td>
<td id="2B40847FFFAD3694FA23D8D5F998FACC" box="[1530,1618,1240,1290]" gridcol="6" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">12–15</td>
<td id="2B40847FFFAD3694F97BD8D5F89DFACC" box="[1698,1879,1240,1290]" gridcol="7" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">–––</td>
</tr>
<tr id="6891ED03FFAD3694FF4AD922F89DFAA6" box="[147,1879,1327,1376]" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">
<th id="2B40847FFFAD3694FF4AD922FEACFAA6" box="[147,358,1327,1376]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">
<taxonomicName id="11A194C2FFADC96FFF4AD922FED4FA83" authorityName="Vacelet &amp; Cárdenas" authorityYear="2018" box="[147,286,1327,1349]" class="Demospongiae" family="Crambeidae" genus="Discorhabdella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="4" pageNumber="201" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E4D53353FFADC96FFF4AD922FED4FA83" box="[147,286,1327,1349]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">Discorhabdella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. (late Eocene **)
</th>
<td id="2B40847FFFAD3694FE79D922FD82FAA6" box="[416,584,1327,1376]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">New Zealand</td>
<td id="2B40847FFFAD3694FDB6D922FCEDFAA6" box="[623,807,1327,1376]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">? x 45</td>
<td id="2B40847FFFAD3694FC92D922FC32FAA6" box="[843,1016,1327,1376]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">I: 43 x 35&amp; II: 37 x 29</td>
<td id="2B40847FFFAD3694FBECD922FB76FAA6" box="[1077,1212,1327,1376]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">?</td>
<td id="2B40847FFFAD3694FAC8D922FA47FAA6" box="[1297,1421,1327,1376]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">?</td>
<td id="2B40847FFFAD3694FA23D922F998FAA6" box="[1530,1618,1327,1376]" gridcol="6" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">?</td>
<td id="2B40847FFFAD3694F97BD922F89DFAA6" box="[1698,1879,1327,1376]" gridcol="7" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">?</td>
</tr>
<tr id="6891ED03FFAD3694FF4AD985F89DFA7F" box="[147,1879,1416,1465]" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">
<th id="2B40847FFFAD3694FF4AD985FEACFA7F" box="[147,358,1416,1465]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">
<taxonomicName id="11A194C2FFADC96FFF4AD985FEEDFA5B" authorityName="Dendy" authorityYear="1924" box="[147,295,1416,1437]" class="Demospongiae" family="Crambeidae" genus="Discorhabdella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="4" pageNumber="201" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="incrustans">
<emphasis id="E4D53353FFADC96FFF4AD985FF69FA5B" box="[147,163,1416,1437]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">D</emphasis>
. cf.
<emphasis id="E4D53353FFADC96FFF13D985FEEDFA5B" box="[202,295,1416,1437]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">incrustans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(late Eocene ***)
</th>
<td id="2B40847FFFAD3694FE79D985FD82FA7F" box="[416,584,1416,1465]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">South Australia</td>
<td id="2B40847FFFAD3694FDB6D985FCEDFA7F" box="[623,807,1416,1465]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">?</td>
<td id="2B40847FFFAD3694FC92D985FC32FA7F" box="[843,1016,1416,1465]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">?</td>
<td id="2B40847FFFAD3694FBECD985FB76FA7F" box="[1077,1212,1416,1465]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">180</td>
<td id="2B40847FFFAD3694FAC8D985FA47FA7F" box="[1297,1421,1416,1465]" gridcol="5" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">?</td>
<td id="2B40847FFFAD3694FA23D985F998FA7F" box="[1530,1618,1416,1465]" gridcol="6" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">?</td>
<td id="2B40847FFFAD3694F97BD985F89DFA7F" box="[1698,1879,1416,1465]" gridcol="7" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">?</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D61EEF41FFADC96FFF4AD9EDFCE1FA33" blockId="4.[147,818,1504,1580]" box="[147,811,1504,1525]" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">
*For
<taxonomicName id="11A194C2FFADC96FFF1BD9EDFEF1FA33" authorityName="Dendy" authorityYear="1924" box="[194,315,1504,1525]" class="Demospongiae" family="Crambeidae" genus="Discorhabdella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="4" pageNumber="201" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="incrustans">
<emphasis id="E4D53353FFADC96FFF1BD9EDFEF1FA33" box="[194,315,1504,1525]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">D. incrustans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, measurements by van
<bibRefCitation id="B23092B0FFADC96FFDD4D9EDFDB5FA33" box="[525,639,1504,1525]" pageId="4" pageNumber="201" refId="ref3844" refString="Van Soest, R. W. M. (2002) Family Crambeidae Levi, 1963. In: Hooper, J. N. A. &amp; van Soest, R. W. M. (Eds.), Systema Porifera: A Guide to the classification of Sponges. Kluwer Academic / Plenum Publishers, New York, pp. 547 - 555. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 1 - 4615 - 0747 - 5 _ 58" type="book chapter">Soest (2002)</bibRefCitation>
from the holotype.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D61EEF41FFADC96FFF4AD9F6FD57F9D6" blockId="4.[147,818,1504,1580]" box="[147,669,1531,1552]" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">
** From
<bibRefCitation id="B23092B0FFADC96FFF3DD9F6FE08F9D6" box="[228,450,1531,1552]" pageId="4" pageNumber="201" refId="ref3034" refString="Hinde, G. J. &amp; Holmes, W. M. (1892) On the sponge-remains in the lower tertiary strata near Oamaru, Otago, New Zealand. Journal of the Linnean Society of London, Zoology, 24, 177 - 263. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1892. tb 02480. x" type="journal article">Hinde &amp; Holmes (1892)</bibRefCitation>
: p. 194, Pl. VIII, Fig 29.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D61EEF41FFADC96FFF4ADA1AFCF8F9EA" blockId="4.[147,818,1504,1580]" box="[147,818,1559,1580]" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">
*** Tentative identification by
<bibRefCitation id="B23092B0FFADC96FFE75DA1AFD82F9EA" box="[428,584,1559,1580]" pageId="4" pageNumber="201" refId="ref3196" refString="Lukowiak, M. (2015) Late Eocene siliceous sponge fauna of southern Australia: reconstruction based on loose spicules record. Zootaxa, 3917 (1), 1 - 65. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3917.1.1" type="journal article">Łukowiak (2015)</bibRefCitation>
from one Eocene spicule.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D61EEF41FFACC96EFF1EDC95FAAFFD43" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,968]" pageId="5" pageNumber="202">
It has been suggested that pseudoastrose acanthostyles are polyaxial spicules, on the basis of SEM observations (
<bibRefCitation id="B23092B0FFACC96EFEEDDCB1FD9AFF13" box="[308,592,188,213]" pageId="5" pageNumber="202" refId="ref3562" refString="Uriz, M. J. &amp; Maldonado, M. (1995) A reconsideration of the relationship between polyaxonid and monaxonid spicules in Demospongiae: new data from the genera Crambe and Discorhabdella. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 55, 1 - 15. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / 0024 - 4066 (95) 90025 - X" type="journal article">Uriz &amp; Maldonado 1995</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="B23092B0FFACC96EFD84DCB1FCB3FF13" box="[605,889,188,213]" pageId="5" pageNumber="202" refId="ref3288" refString="Maldonado, M. &amp; Uriz, M. J. (1996) Skeletal morphology of two controversial poecilosclerid genera (Porifera, Demospongiae): Discorhabdella and Crambe. Helgolander Wissenschaftliche Meeresuntersuchungen, 50, 369 - 390. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 02367110" type="journal article">Maldonado &amp; Uriz 1996</bibRefCitation>
). However, in our opinion, the presence of axial canals in the spines of the head of the pseudoastrose acanthostyles remains doubtful: in a few immature spicules, some actines of the head show a very small hole at their end (
<figureCitation id="4E9AF3C4FFACC96EFC48DD09FC30FEDA" box="[913,1018,260,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1937,1959]" captionTargetBox="[208,1382,193,1921]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[208,1382,193,1921]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Discorhabdella pseudaster n. sp., A, habitus of holotype (arrow). B, large subtylostyle. C, tylostyle. D, pseudoastrose acanthotyle. E, immature pseudoastrose acanthotyle. F, pseudoastrose acanthotyle seen from the tip. G, H &amp; I, pseudoasters. J, unguiferous cleistochelae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1442088/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="202">Fig. 2 E</figureCitation>
), but a canal could not be seen in transparency under a light microscope in the actin of mature spicules, while the axial canal of the shaft of the same spicules is clearly visible. Similarly, the subtylostyles with a slightly tuberculated head show by transparency a clear axial canal ending in a vesicle in the head, without division. However, it must be noted that from this vesicle, there are very faint radiating lines, which could indicate remains of axial filaments present during the spicule formation (
<figureCitation id="4E9AF3C4FFACC96EFEC5DDBAFE46FE16" box="[284,396,439,464]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1600,1622]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1021,1579]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,1021,1579]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Discorhabdella pseudaster n. sp. A, head of a subtylostyle, showing the axial canal. B, head of a pseudoastrose acanthotyle viewed by the top." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1442090/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="202">Fig. 3 A</figureCitation>
). The same very faint radiating lines are barely visible in the head of pseudoastrose acanthostyles (
<figureCitation id="4E9AF3C4FFACC96EFE99DDD1FE6FFE32" box="[320,421,476,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1600,1622]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1021,1579]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,1021,1579]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Discorhabdella pseudaster n. sp. A, head of a subtylostyle, showing the axial canal. B, head of a pseudoastrose acanthotyle viewed by the top." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1442090/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="202">Fig. 3 B</figureCitation>
). It is also possible that these extra spines and bulges are produced by secondary axial canals not conected to the main shaft axial canal, but somehow added later, just like the axial canals in the rosette formation of geodiid sterrasters (
<bibRefCitation id="B23092B0FFACC96EFDDCDE29FCD8FDFA" box="[517,786,548,573]" pageId="5" pageNumber="202" refId="ref2799" refString="Cardenas, P. &amp; Rapp, H. T. (2013) Disrupted spiculogenesis in deep-water Geodiidae (Porifera, Demospongiae) growing in shallow waters. Invertebrate Biology, 132, 173 - 194. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / ivb. 12027" type="journal article">Cárdenas &amp; Rapp 2013</bibRefCitation>
). Then, they could be filled in some cases and be invisible in our observations. To conclude, we raise doubts as to the polyaxial nature of these spicules and warrant more observations at the interface between the tip of the tylostyles and their siliceous additions (spines and bulges).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D61EEF41FFACC96EFF1EDE82FEB5FC0E" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,968]" pageId="5" pageNumber="202">
There are currently five known species of
<taxonomicName id="11A194C2FFACC96EFD0FDE82FC4EFD6E" authorityName="Vacelet &amp; Cárdenas" authorityYear="2018" box="[726,900,655,680]" class="Demospongiae" family="Crambeidae" genus="Discorhabdella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="5" pageNumber="202" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E4D53353FFACC96EFD0FDE82FC4EFD6E" box="[726,900,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="202">Discorhabdella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the Pacific coast of
<collectingRegion id="146521A3FFACC96EFB0ADE9DFAE5FD61" box="[1235,1327,656,679]" country="Panama" name="Panama" pageId="5" pageNumber="202">
<collectingCountry id="AEB6AFD1FFACC96EFB0ADE9DFAE5FD61" box="[1235,1327,656,679]" name="Panama" pageId="5" pageNumber="202">Panama</collectingCountry>
</collectingRegion>
, Western Mediterranean, the Azores and
<collectingCountry id="AEB6AFD1FFACC96EFE25DEB8FD59FD0B" box="[508,659,692,717]" name="New Zealand" pageId="5" pageNumber="202">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
(
<tableCitation id="9B23DAFAFFACC96EFD7BDEB9FD3DFD0A" box="[674,759,692,717]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="4.[147,223,608,629]" captionText="TABLE 1. Comparative table of world Discorhabdella species showing spicule measurements (in µm)." pageId="5" pageNumber="202">Table 1</tableCitation>
). Our new species differs from the other species by several characters: (1) presence of two
<typeStatus id="091A51E3FFACC96EFE24DED5FDF2FD36" box="[509,568,728,752]" pageId="5" pageNumber="202">types</typeStatus>
of pseudoastrose acanthostyles, one of which (
<taxonomicName id="11A194C2FFACC96EFB88DEDAFB13FD36" authorityName="Vacelet &amp; Cárdenas" authorityYear="2018" box="[1105,1241,727,752]" class="Demospongiae" family="Crambeidae" genus="Discorhabdella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="5" pageNumber="202" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="pseudoaster">pseudoaster</taxonomicName>
) has entirely lost the shaft and is reduced to the inflated, spinose head, similar to an aster; (2) microscleres composed only of a single isochelae
<typeStatus id="091A51E3FFACC96EFED3DF2DFEF7FCFE" box="[266,317,800,824]" pageId="5" pageNumber="202">type</typeStatus>
, with sigma and oxydiscorhabd missing. The microsclere composition in
<taxonomicName id="11A194C2FFACC96EFB40DF12FA8DFCFE" authorityName="Vacelet &amp; Cárdenas" authorityYear="2018" box="[1177,1351,799,824]" class="Demospongiae" family="Crambeidae" genus="Discorhabdella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="5" pageNumber="202" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E4D53353FFACC96EFB40DF12FA8DFCFE" box="[1177,1351,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="202">Discorhabdella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp. is quite diverse, but only
<taxonomicName id="11A194C2FFACC96EFE43DF48FC8CFC9A" authority="(Topsent, 1890)" authorityName="Topsent" authorityYear="1890" baseAuthorityName="Topsent" baseAuthorityYear="1890" box="[410,838,836,861]" class="Demospongiae" family="Crambeidae" genus="Discorhabdella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="5" pageNumber="202" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tuberosocapitatum">
<emphasis id="E4D53353FFACC96EFE43DF48FD47FC9B" box="[410,653,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="202">D. tuberosocapitatum</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="B23092B0FFACC96EFD45DF49FCF4FC9A" box="[668,830,836,860]" pageId="5" pageNumber="202" refId="ref3430" refString="Topsent, E. (1890) Notice preliminaire sur les spongiaires recueillis durant les campagnes de l'Hirondelle. Bulletin de la Societe Zoologique de France, 15, 26 - 32, 65 - 71. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 18721" type="journal article">Topsent, 1890</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
has only isochelae. The isochelae of the new species clearly differ from those of
<taxonomicName id="11A194C2FFACC96EFE14DF64FD0AFC46" baseAuthorityName="Topsent" baseAuthorityYear="1890" box="[461,704,871,896]" class="Demospongiae" family="Crambeidae" genus="Discorhabdella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="5" pageNumber="202" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tuberosocapitatum">
<emphasis id="E4D53353FFACC96EFE14DF64FD0AFC46" box="[461,704,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="202">D. tuberosocapitatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which is from Macaronesia (N-E Atlantic), by a different shape, with teeth nearly joining and the shaft bearing a lamella. This
<typeStatus id="091A51E3FFACC96EFCA9DF80FC6AFC63" box="[880,928,909,933]" pageId="5" pageNumber="202">type</typeStatus>
of isochelae shape is unknown in the other species of the genus.
</paragraph>
<caption id="82DEBFC9FFACC96EFF4EDA4DFE04F9B3" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1442090/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="202" startId="5.[151,250,1600,1622]" targetBox="[151,1436,1021,1579]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="D61EEF41FFACC96EFF4EDA4DFE04F9B3" blockId="5.[151,1436,1600,1653]" pageId="5" pageNumber="202">
<emphasis id="E4D53353FFACC96EFF4EDA4DFEDEF993" bold="true" box="[151,276,1600,1622]" pageId="5" pageNumber="202">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="11A194C2FFACC96EFEC5DA4DFDE4F990" authority="Vacelet &amp; Cárdenas, 2018" authorityName="Vacelet &amp; Cárdenas" authorityYear="2018" box="[284,558,1600,1622]" class="Demospongiae" family="Crambeidae" genus="Discorhabdella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="5" pageNumber="202" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="pseudaster" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="E4D53353FFACC96EFEC5DA4DFDE4F990" box="[284,558,1600,1622]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="202">Discorhabdella pseudaster</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="FFE68E28FFACC96EFDECDA4CFDBAF990" box="[565,624,1601,1622]" pageId="5" pageNumber="202" rank="species">
<emphasis id="E4D53353FFACC96EFDECDA4CFDBAF990" bold="true" box="[565,624,1601,1622]" pageId="5" pageNumber="202">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
A, head of a subtylostyle, showing the axial canal. B, head of a pseudoastrose acanthotyle viewed by the top.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="D61EEF41FFACC96DFF1EDA91FD93FF3E" blockId="5.[151,1437,1692,2005]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1436,151,357]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="203" pageId="5" pageNumber="202">
These isochelae, very unusual in
<taxonomicName id="11A194C2FFACC96EFD81DA91FCCCF973" authorityName="Topsent" authorityYear="1928" box="[600,774,1692,1717]" class="Demospongiae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="5" pageNumber="202" phylum="Porifera" rank="order">Poecilosclerida</taxonomicName>
, remind of the ‘palmate-anchorate-arcuate’ evolutionary sequence suggested by
<bibRefCitation id="B23092B0FFACC96EFE44DACDFD0EF91F" box="[413,708,1728,1753]" pageId="5" pageNumber="202" refId="ref3288" refString="Maldonado, M. &amp; Uriz, M. J. (1996) Skeletal morphology of two controversial poecilosclerid genera (Porifera, Demospongiae): Discorhabdella and Crambe. Helgolander Wissenschaftliche Meeresuntersuchungen, 50, 369 - 390. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 02367110" type="journal article">Maldonado &amp; Uriz (1996)</bibRefCitation>
for aberrant chelae morphologies in
<taxonomicName id="11A194C2FFACC96EFBBBDACDFB23F91F" authorityName="Levi" authorityYear="1963" box="[1122,1257,1728,1753]" class="Demospongiae" family="Crambeidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="5" pageNumber="202" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Crambeidae</taxonomicName>
genera
<taxonomicName id="11A194C2FFACC96EFA9BDACDFA56F91F" box="[1346,1436,1728,1753]" class="Demospongiae" family="Crambeidae" genus="Crambe" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="5" pageNumber="202" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E4D53353FFACC96EFA9BDACDFA56F91F" box="[1346,1436,1728,1753]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="202">Crambe</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="11A194C2FFACC96EFF14DAE9FEB1F93B" authorityName="Vacelet &amp; Cárdenas" authorityYear="2018" box="[205,379,1764,1789]" class="Demospongiae" family="Crambeidae" genus="Discorhabdella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="5" pageNumber="202" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E4D53353FFACC96EFF14DAE9FEB1F93B" box="[205,379,1764,1789]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="202">Discorhabdella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. However, the isochelae of
<taxonomicName id="11A194C2FFACC96EFD0FDAEBFCB2F93B" authority="Vacelet &amp; Cárdenas, 2018" authorityName="Vacelet &amp; Cárdenas" authorityYear="2018" box="[726,888,1764,1789]" class="Demospongiae" family="Crambeidae" genus="Discorhabdella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="5" pageNumber="202" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="pseudaster" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="E4D53353FFACC96EFD0FDAEBFCB2F93B" box="[726,888,1764,1789]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="202">D. pseudaster</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="E4D53353FFACC96EFC5FDAE8FC06F93B" bold="true" box="[902,972,1765,1789]" pageId="5" pageNumber="202">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, although possibly included in such a sequence, appear unique in
<taxonomicName id="11A194C2FFACC96EFE08DB05FD91F8E7" authorityName="Levi" authorityYear="1963" box="[465,603,1800,1825]" class="Demospongiae" family="Crambeidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="5" pageNumber="202" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Crambeidae</taxonomicName>
, and more generally in
<taxonomicName id="11A194C2FFACC96EFCBFDB05FBDFF8E7" authorityName="Topsent" authorityYear="1928" box="[870,1045,1800,1825]" class="Demospongiae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="5" pageNumber="202" phylum="Porifera" rank="order">Poecilosclerida</taxonomicName>
. The most original character is the presence of a lamella on the shaft, a character rarely observed in isochelae. To our knowledge, this character is known only in the small isochelae of
<taxonomicName id="11A194C2FFACC96EFD92DB5FFBC9F8AF" authority="(Topsent, 1927)" authorityName="Topsent" authorityYear="1927" baseAuthorityName="Topsent" baseAuthorityYear="1927" box="[587,1027,1873,1897]" class="Demospongiae" family="Myxillidae" genus="Hymenancora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="5" pageNumber="202" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="sirventi">
<emphasis id="E4D53353FFACC96EFD92DB5FFC8DF8AF" box="[587,839,1874,1897]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="202">Hymenancora sirventi</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="B23092B0FFACC96EFC81DB5CFC31F8AF" box="[856,1019,1873,1897]" pageId="5" pageNumber="202" refId="ref3481" refString="Topsent, E. (1927) Diagnoses d'eponges nouvelles recueillies par le Prince Albert ler de Monaco. Bulletin de l'Institut Oceanographique, Monaco, 502, 1 - 19." type="journal article">Topsent, 1927</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
in
<taxonomicName id="11A194C2FFACC96EFBF5DB5DFB61F8AF" authorityName="Dendy" authorityYear="1922" box="[1068,1195,1872,1897]" class="Demospongiae" family="Myxillidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="5" pageNumber="202" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Myxillidae</taxonomicName>
. An interesting other example could be one isochela found by
<bibRefCitation id="B23092B0FFACC96EFDAADB79FBADF84B" box="[627,1127,1908,1933]" pageId="5" pageNumber="202" refId="ref3034" refString="Hinde, G. J. &amp; Holmes, W. M. (1892) On the sponge-remains in the lower tertiary strata near Oamaru, Otago, New Zealand. Journal of the Linnean Society of London, Zoology, 24, 177 - 263. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1892. tb 02480. x" type="journal article">Hinde &amp; Holmes (1892, p. 200, Pl. IX, 39)</bibRefCitation>
in sediment from the Late Eocene, and tentatively attributed to
<taxonomicName id="11A194C2FFACC96EFD95DB95FC3DF877" authority="Carter, 1874" authorityName="Carter" authorityYear="1874" box="[588,1015,1944,1969]" class="Demospongiae" family="Myxillidae" genus="Melonanchora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="5" pageNumber="202" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="elliptica">
<emphasis id="E4D53353FFACC96EFD95DB95FC93F877" box="[588,857,1944,1969]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="202">Melonanchora elliptica</emphasis>
Carter, 1874
</taxonomicName>
. According to their description and drawing, this chela somewhat resembles those of the new species, although larger (66 µm) and bearing two lamellae instead of a single one. The presence of typical
<taxonomicName id="11A194C2FFAFC96DFC90DC9AFC3DFF76" authorityName="Vacelet &amp; Cárdenas" authorityYear="2018" box="[841,1015,151,176]" class="Demospongiae" family="Crambeidae" genus="Discorhabdella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="6" pageNumber="203" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E4D53353FFAFC96DFC90DC9AFC3DFF76" box="[841,1015,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="203">Discorhabdella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spicules (tuberculate tylostyles and pseudoastrose acanthostyles) in these same Eocene sediments (
<bibRefCitation id="B23092B0FFAFC96DFCBADCB1FBA6FF12" box="[867,1132,188,213]" pageId="6" pageNumber="203" refId="ref3034" refString="Hinde, G. J. &amp; Holmes, W. M. (1892) On the sponge-remains in the lower tertiary strata near Oamaru, Otago, New Zealand. Journal of the Linnean Society of London, Zoology, 24, 177 - 263. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1892. tb 02480. x" type="journal article">Hinde &amp; Holmes 1892</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="B23092B0FFAFC96DFBA0DCB1FAE7FF13" box="[1145,1325,188,213]" pageId="6" pageNumber="203" refId="ref3196" refString="Lukowiak, M. (2015) Late Eocene siliceous sponge fauna of southern Australia: reconstruction based on loose spicules record. Zootaxa, 3917 (1), 1 - 65. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3917.1.1" type="journal article">Łukowiak 2015</bibRefCitation>
) suggests that this chela may belong to this genus.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D61EEF41FFAFC96DFF1EDD09FEE9FEA3" blockId="6.[151,1436,151,357]" pageId="6" pageNumber="203">
The discovery of this
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long new species emphasizes the need to carefully examine minute, inconspicuous, incrusting sponges on such rocky bathyal substrates, which certainly represent an underestimated source of biodiversity.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

183
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<emphasis id="7FF31570B0045E7158045708F59D6B03" italics="true" pageNumber="258">Potentilla frigida</emphasis>
Vill.
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="D0D0CB318E0089A41FE175331AAF03FB" pageNumber="258" type="description">
<paragraph id="525C441A2019E34A232D1CDDCAF8ED30" pageNumber="258">
Artbeschreibung:
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hoch. Ganze Pflanze
<emphasis id="1A85D46DCA49FF3FD163FDC4D2BF6819" bold="true" pageNumber="258">zottig behaart, zwischen den Haaren kopfige</emphasis>
, ca.
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hohe,
<emphasis id="ECC7C6266472F581C88B3FE7392D464B" bold="true" pageNumber="258">
gelbliche
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</emphasis>
.
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<normalizedToken id="894D76BBDF635AA85379166A92D3E1DB" originalValue="Blätter" pageNumber="272">Blaetter</normalizedToken>
3
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,
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oval,
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lang, jederseits mit 2-4
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.
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<normalizedToken id="0A1B7207A37E1980D49D75B259F3799B" originalValue="Blüten" pageNumber="272">Blueten</normalizedToken>
gelb
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, Durchmesser ca.
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, an bogig aufsteigenden, die
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.
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<paragraph id="19BC9756E2DCEB59912B06E894F06CA9" pageNumber="258">
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: 7-8
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="402F5A012ADCF59B8FA010EA700E10C0" pageNumber="258">
Standort und Verbreitung in der Schweiz: Kalkarme Rasen, Felsen / alpin / A (fehlt in den
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Randketten)
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Verbreitung global:
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<normalizedToken id="7BF4527BC9FF063A6F36476F4B1F93A6" originalValue="Ökologische">Oekologische</normalizedToken>
Zeigerwerte nach
<bibRefCitation id="CF0CEFFC537CC28C1D6A952D0B8A8FFB" author="Landolt, E. &amp; Bäumler, B. &amp; Erhardt, A. &amp; Hegg, O. &amp; Klötzli, F. &amp; Lämmler, W. &amp; Nobis, M. &amp; Rudmann-Maurer, K. &amp; Theurillat, J.P. &amp; Urmi, E. &amp; Vust, M. &amp; Wohlgemuth, T." pageNumber="258" publicationUrl="https://www.dora.lib4ri.ch/wsl/islandora/object/wsl%3A9966" refString="Landolt, E., Bäumler, B., Erhardt, A., Hegg, O., Klötzli, F., Lämmler, W., Nobis, M., Rudmann-Maurer, K., Theurillat, J.P., Urmi, E., Vust, M., Wohlgemuth, T. 2010. Flora indicativa. Ökologische Zeigerwerte und biologische Kennzeichen zur Flora der Schweiz und der Alpen (2nd ed.). https://www.dora.lib4ri.ch/wsl/islandora/object/wsl%3A9966" title="Flora indicativa. Ökologische Zeigerwerte und biologische Kennzeichen zur Flora der Schweiz und der Alpen" year="2010">Landolt &amp; al. (2010)</bibRefCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7581BAE2E1425BF84942739800426EB5" pageNumber="258">
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<th id="614FC11F8547D4CD0148A6E66123B3DE" colspan="2" pageNumber="258">
<emphasis id="357CAAAFE43DB4ECDBDA540CC85DE1CA" bold="true" pageNumber="258">Bodenfaktoren</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="8047A25AE8E4336BFC8CDECB311D79A0" colspan="2" pageNumber="258">
<emphasis id="F349B88CE8957689798F9FA729505717" bold="true" pageNumber="258">Klimafaktoren</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="C046E0FEF96619CCDC088CD036FA0ED6" colspan="2" pageNumber="258">
<emphasis id="FB836412A7BC04CF78E77D7685690C0F" bold="true" pageNumber="258">Salztoleranz</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="753EC3D39C54E40BC4C6FAC1E1380A97" pageNumber="258">
<td id="43E35E1E7DA430B58D12DBE4FF593BCA" pageNumber="258">Feuchtezahl F</td>
<td id="03F81F7C34676927401F59207CDC1CC9" pageNumber="258" style="text-align:left;width:100px">
<normalizedToken id="7D5EE689F96CE6CD9E5D2A580BD29221" originalValue="mässig">maessig</normalizedToken>
trocken
</td>
<td id="C5DFAC9D00A6179054DB37A05E3984F4" pageNumber="258">Lichtzahl L</td>
<td id="BCDE829879B688D4722F2E8C1646BB9C" pageNumber="258" style="text-align:left;width:60px">sehr hell</td>
<td id="0616B040A8D3A1CA2D61ABB84627744F" pageNumber="258">Salzzeichen</td>
<td id="4949F54DEB71155815F9ACCB78DC694C" pageNumber="258" style="text-align:left;width:60px">--</td>
</tr>
<tr id="88AF46192F595A164CF177D0163CEBEF" pageNumber="258">
<td id="302CED356830226314469C76AA842B26" pageNumber="258">Reaktionszahl R</td>
<td id="57A5C61AD2FFC6329B21CD8768CC2046" pageNumber="258" style="text-align:left">sauer (pH 3.5-6.5)</td>
<td id="374A56AFB9D601EECA37D04F7FF80ACE" pageNumber="258">Temperaturzahl T</td>
<td id="0014DF77EEAFAA2AFB18F5FA730A23EB" pageNumber="258" style="text-align:left">alpin und nival (von der Baumgrenze bis zur Schneegrenze)</td>
</tr>
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<td id="AB6993F08F1FDF16FD10206AC0EE3B2B" pageNumber="258">
<normalizedToken id="57F8FDD32E206B28499C0294C5466928" originalValue="Nährstoffzahl">Naehrstoffzahl</normalizedToken>
N
</td>
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<normalizedToken id="9B565B2BC4822B8C8677ED69CD5EB477" originalValue="nährstoffarm">naehrstoffarm</normalizedToken>
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<normalizedToken id="FDEE09414484023216967B7CBBB89EC7" originalValue="Kontinentalitätszahl">Kontinentalitaetszahl</normalizedToken>
K
</td>
<td id="7EB76C598A7BB46BE3BA485C7A767CA3" pageNumber="258" style="text-align:left">subkontinental (niedrige relative Luftfeuchtigkeit, grosse Temperaturschwankungen, eher kalte Winter)</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<paragraph id="CE7AE721212586F12B57178D902CAAB0" pageNumber="258">
Volksname Deutscher Name:
<vernacularName id="1A949D47370CDF4A2228181925D4834B" language="deu" pageNumber="258">Gletscher-Fingerkraut</vernacularName>
,
<vernacularName id="CFCCC44A684101D9543BDA0266A13179" language="deu" pageNumber="258">Kaltes Fingerkraut</vernacularName>
Nom
<normalizedToken id="70658A565AF2DC9A37424B3430A83138" originalValue="français">francais</normalizedToken>
:
<vernacularName id="5AC7B2FB528B8E4E0F3BF2CAA9CF497A" language="fra" pageNumber="258">
Potentille des
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froides
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Nome italiano:
<vernacularName id="E920E854558BAA0E04C45EFE8A7DDC8C" language="ita" pageNumber="258">Cinquefoglie gelida</vernacularName>
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added by
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 30–34" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figures 30 - 34. Scythrididae adults, genus Scythris 30 S. andensis Nupponen sp. nov., genus combination incertae sedis, male, holotype 31 S. mendozaensis Nupponen sp. nov., genus combination incertae sedis, female, holotype 32 S. dividua Meyrick, 1916, genus combination incertae sedis, male, lectotype 33 A S. medullata Meyrick, genus combination incertae sedis, 1916, male, lectotype 33 B S. medullata Meyrick, 1916, genus combination incertae sedis, male 34 S. notorrhoa Meyrick, 1921, genus combination incertae sedis, male, lectotype." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1087.64382.figures30-34" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/649320" pageId="0" pageNumber="19">Figs 32</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 59–60" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figures 59 - 60. Male genitalia of Scythris 59 S. andensis Nupponen sp. nov., genus combination incertae sedis, holotype, slide 2 / 15 Dec. 2019 KN (genitalia shown in lateral view) 60 S. dividua Meyrick, 1916, genus combination incertae sedis, lectotype, slide JFGC No. 8054." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1087.64382.figures59-60" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/649333" pageId="0" pageNumber="19">, 60</figureCitation>
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Meyrick, 1916. Exotic Microlepidoptera, vol. 2 (part 1): 12.
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="19">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="2022-01-01" collectingDateMax="2022-12-31" collectingDateMin="2022-01-01" collectorName="Parish, No." country="Peru" elevation="3719" latitude="-11.516666" location="Oroya" longLatPrecision="1295" longitude="-75.88333" specimenCount="♂" typeStatus="Lectotype">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="19">
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.
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<collectingCountry name="Peru">Peru</collectingCountry>
•
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:
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; [
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,
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<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.71856" unit="ft" value="12200.0">
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.71856" unit="ft" value="12200.0">12200 feet</quantity>
a.s.l.
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; 7.14.;
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leg.; [genitalia slide] JFGC
<collectorName>No.</collectorName>
8054; NHMUK ID 010922357; NHMUK slide ID 010316666; coll. NHMUK.
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="2022-01-01" collectingDateMax="2022-12-31" collectingDateMin="2022-01-01" collectorName="Parish &amp; No." country="Peru" elevation="3719" latitude="-11.516666" location="Peru" longLatPrecision="1295" longitude="-75.88333" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="Paralectotypes">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="19">
<typeStatus>Paralectotypes</typeStatus>
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.
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<collectingCountry name="Peru">Peru</collectingCountry>
• 11 exx.; same data as for lectotype; coll. NHMUK
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.
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="19">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="19">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Nupponen 1 &amp; Sihvonen" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Scythrididae" genus="Scythris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scythris dividua" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dividua">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="19">Scythris dividua</emphasis>
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,
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. medullata" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="0" pageNumber="19" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="medullata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="19">S. medullata</emphasis>
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, and
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. notorrhoa" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="0" pageNumber="19" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="notorrhoa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="19">S. notorrhoa</emphasis>
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are similar externally. Reliable determination can be achieved by genitalia examination (DNA barcodes not available for all these three taxa yet). Uncus pentagonal, heavily sclerotised in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Nupponen 1 &amp; Sihvonen" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Scythrididae" genus="Scythris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scythris dividua" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dividua">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="19">Scythris dividua</emphasis>
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; rectangular, small, less sclerotised in
<taxonomicName authorityName=", genus combination" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Meyrick" baseAuthorityYear="1916" class="Insecta" family="Scythrididae" genus="Scythris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scythris medullata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="medullata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="19">Scythris medullata</emphasis>
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; oval and heavily sclerotised in
<taxonomicName authorityName=", genus combination" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Meyrick" baseAuthorityYear="1921" class="Insecta" family="Scythrididae" genus="Scythris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scythris notorrhoa" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="notorrhoa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="19">Scythris notorrhoa</emphasis>
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. Valvae narrow basally, inner margin without sclerotisations in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Nupponen 1 &amp; Sihvonen" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Scythrididae" genus="Scythris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scythris dividua" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dividua">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="19">Scythris dividua</emphasis>
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; broad basally, inner margin with minute sclerotisation in
<taxonomicName authorityName=", genus combination" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Meyrick" baseAuthorityYear="1916" class="Insecta" family="Scythrididae" genus="Scythris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scythris medullata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="medullata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="19">Scythris medullata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; asymmetrical, inner margin with large sclerotisations in
<taxonomicName authorityName=", genus combination" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Meyrick" baseAuthorityYear="1921" class="Insecta" family="Scythrididae" genus="Scythris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scythris notorrhoa" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="notorrhoa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="19">Scythris notorrhoa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Segment VIII distinct in each three species, see illustrations.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="19" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="19">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="19">The original description is quoted: &quot;Wingspan 12--15 mm ♂, ♀. Head, palpi and thorax dark bronzy-grey, somewhat sprinkled with whitish. Antennal ciliations of ♂ 1. Abdomen dark grey, in ♂ sprinkled with whitish beneath, in ♀ suffused with ochreous-whitish beneath and towards apex above. Forewings lanceolate; dark bronzy-grey, irregularly strewn with whitish scales, especially posteriorly; a cloudy white median streak from base to near termen, and a slenderer one close beneath it to beyond middle; an undefined subdorsal streak of obscure whitish irroration from base to tornus: cilia grey, mixed with white towards base. Hindwings 0.75, 4 and 5 separate; dark grey, thinly scaled anteriorly; cilia grey.&quot;</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="19">Male genitalia</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Uncus pentagonal, heavily sclerotised plate. Tegumen trapezoid hood; anteriorly attached to broad transverse sclerotisation having anteriorly a rectangular extension with heavily sclerotised blunt tip. Phallus short and thick, basally more sclerotised (homology interpretation tentative, this structure could also be gnathos base). Valva short, basal rather narrow, distally broad and round. Saccus labiate, longer than valva. Sternum VIII large asymmetrical plate; basal portion rectangular with anterior apodemes, arched sclerotisation medially; posteriorly two large bifurcate processes, outer lobes distally asymmetrically extended, inner lobes with three stout apical spikes. Tergum VIII H-shaped; posterior shanks bent inwards, apices with five stout spiniform setae and bunch of thick setae; tip of anterior shanks foot-shaped.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="19">Female genitalia</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Not dissected.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="19" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="19">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="19">Peru.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<mods:title id="04823612090439569432710972B88258">Revision of the genus Trichrysis Lichtenstein, 1876 from China, with description of three new species (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae)</mods:title>
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<paragraph id="6AE74BF8F4F49334A541922B1C9B0E6C" pageId="20" pageNumber="129">Taxon classification Animalia Hymenoptera Chrysididae</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="67CC61C9063E0AC8EA9E3D16EB982C6D" pageId="20" pageNumber="129">
<taxonomicName id="0C2B35B5E06CEE817CA2B4B8553DF563" authority="Mocsary, 1889" authorityName="Mocsary" authorityYear="1889" class="Insecta" family="Chrysididae" genus="Trichrysis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trichrysis trigona" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trigona">
Trichrysis trigona (
<normalizedToken id="72A5C29330139D5F95686127D9D1BC4D" originalValue="Mocsáry">Mocsary</normalizedToken>
, 1889)
</taxonomicName>
Figs 82-87, 106
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8F68426E1D4EE385B1B0AF42BABA3EE4" pageId="20" pageNumber="129" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="9B969E7266CFC4F5327626CE40E11887" pageId="20" pageNumber="129">
<taxonomicName id="F4169A0FFBF89D362E1BBE9FE4214A79" class="Insecta" family="Masaridae" genus="Chrysis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysis (Trichrysis) trigona" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trigona" subGenus="Trichrysis">Chrysis (Trichrysis) trigona</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken id="3E1A2E9EAD538D3C4B8DAB575D785EF0" originalValue="Mocsáry">Mocsary</normalizedToken>
, 1889: 327. Holotype, ♀, Indonesia: Sulawesi: Bonthain (HNHM) (examined).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7ACEB36D724EFDAA26969A9E017C93E7" pageId="20" pageNumber="129">
<taxonomicName id="3516C9FF7FD6E2554B53827C2AB4F486" class="Insecta" family="Chrysididae" genus="Trichrysis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trichrysis trigona" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trigona">Trichrysis trigona</taxonomicName>
(
<normalizedToken id="43B3C9CAA923DD518E53518FCA9659AB" originalValue="Mocsáry">Mocsary</normalizedToken>
):
<bibRefCitation id="9C625A512FDDDC890EC65E5D08C68988" author="Kimsey, LS" journalOrPublisher="Oxford University Press, New York" pageId="24" pageNumber="133" title="The Chrysidid Wasps of the World" year="1991">Kimsey and Bohart 1991</bibRefCitation>
: 574;
<bibRefCitation id="1BFDEF8245F02EED6DF12586B1A3BDEA" author="Rosa, P" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="25" pageNumber="134" pagination="1 - 128" title="An annotated checklist of the chrysidid wasps (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae) from China." url="10.3897/zookeys.455.6557" volume="455" year="2014">Rosa et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
: 79.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CC4F1FCE2A4593AFE0ECB903C4DDF3BF" pageId="20" pageNumber="129" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="1F3F6BD0A5621B27C6F33583C2FD74A3" pageId="20" pageNumber="129">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="37CC4B98B09AC1D49371498E6C71A1F3" pageId="20" pageNumber="129">
INDONESIA: ♀, S Celebes [= Sulawesi] Bonthain C. Ribbe 1882 / 714-11 /,
<taxonomicName id="F7C714992B5CBACB72F212F10F2EECD2" lsidName="trigona" pageId="20" pageNumber="129" rank="species" species="trigona">trigona</taxonomicName>
Mocs det.
<normalizedToken id="4D735C88C352B59685AD508F5BA7E7C0" originalValue="Mocsáry">Mocsary</normalizedToken>
typ. &lt;handwritten in red&gt; / Holotypus
<taxonomicName id="E54A94A1CAB066DFEF411F6E5850BE22" class="Insecta" family="Masaridae" genus="Chrysis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysis trigona" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trigona">Chrysis trigona</taxonomicName>
Mocs. ♀ RM Bohart / id nr. 135552 HNHM Hym. coll. (HNHM). PAKISTAN: 1♀, Indien Karachi [currently Pakistan] Coll. Linsenmaier / type
<taxonomicName id="F8C10B4E0F17C0323A768C2601F84CA1" class="Insecta" family="Masaridae" genus="Chrysis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Chrysis</taxonomicName>
L. azuripicta det. Linsenmaier 1991 / no type sp. in litterisP. Rosa det. 2010 GBIF-
<taxonomicName id="4FAE702966DB3BE82BB09759DF3A6B1D" family="Chrysididae" lsidName="" pageId="20" pageNumber="129" rank="family">Chrysididae</taxonomicName>
/ ex-synoptic collection / NML_ENT GBIF_Chr00041038 (NMLS).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B11C03AE42EF51145A0BD377C34D8AE2" pageId="20" pageNumber="129" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="C54920D8B219DACBD8E8EC5600B9ABD7" pageId="20" pageNumber="129">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A2857B507C6D77A917EA8262E4861167" pageId="20" pageNumber="129">
<taxonomicName id="656A7655149A5E81611E076307E8AC5B" class="Insecta" family="Chrysididae" genus="Trichrysis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trichrysis trigona" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trigona">Trichrysis trigona</taxonomicName>
(
<normalizedToken id="518CDEEC478581E81EFAB56E1DBA8EEA" originalValue="Mocsáry">Mocsary</normalizedToken>
, 1889) is similar to
<taxonomicName id="1C71B5169DCB0446E26BEA3A4B0ED20D" class="Insecta" family="Chrysididae" genus="Trichrysis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trichrysis coeruleamaculata" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coeruleamaculata">Trichrysis coeruleamaculata</taxonomicName>
sp. n., but it can be easily separated from the latter by: body punctuation without interspaces between large punctures or with small wrinkled interspaces; OOL=2.0 MOD; scapal basin striate medially; T1, T2 and T3 each with two small blue spots; tegula entirely metallic blue.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B4AFE7D627D1BBFDECEA23724CFDB291" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="130" pageId="20" pageNumber="129" type="description">
<paragraph id="B658D5F9C88DF6356893E51DE0115185" pageId="20" pageNumber="129">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="782B87B53D42E1D37BD35A2909EAD6FC" pageId="20" pageNumber="129">Female. Body length 7.0 mm.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F1C02C619479E06BC4B6699AB2E09ABA" pageId="20" pageNumber="129">Head. Scapal basin deep, punctate laterally and striate medially (Fig. 83). TFC with endbending downwards. Area beneath TFC raised with punctures elongate longitudinally, TFC appearing double. Clypeus almost truncated. P:F1:F2:F3 = 1.0:1.2:0.8:0.8; F1 l/w = 2.5; OOL = 1.5 MOD; BOL = 1.6 MOD; POL = 2.2 MOD; MS = 1.1 MOD.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3E92F29D6B9F8DA64C410348C721CE3F" pageId="20" pageNumber="129">Mesosoma. Pronotal groove weak; pronotum deeply concave laterally; sublateral carina incomplete, well developed only anteriorly. Mesoscutellum and metanotum without antero-median depression or pit. Punctuation on mesosoma continuous without interspaces between large punctures or with small and wrinkled interspaces (Fig. 84). Episternal sulcus and scrobal sulcus with large foveate punctures (Fig. 82).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B578445A0DC72590309E7AEF214BB02E" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="130" pageId="20" pageNumber="129">
Metasoma. Metasoma with dense and large punctures (Fig. 85), dorsally on T2 with large punctures geminate
<pageBreakToken id="09BD5F2E1256475B696604018D6CA8B8" pageId="21" pageNumber="130" start="start">and</pageBreakToken>
with wrinkled interspaces between punctures, with punctures subtransversely aligned; punctures on T3 smaller, wrinkled over pre pit area (Fig. 87). T2 without median carina. T3 prepit bulge medially convex; pit row distinct, with small, almost indistinct and separated pits (Fig. 87). Apex of T3 with three sharp teeth, with interval between median tooth and lateral tooth concave. S2 black spots triangular, elongated longitudinally and partially fused medially (Fig. 106).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="26E0E1E83C963DAF7711073AC561980E" pageId="21" pageNumber="130">Colouration. Body bluish-green, with small blue spots on vertex, mesoscutum, mesoscutellum, metanotum, with two small symmetric blue spots on T1, T2 and T3, respectively. Antenna blackish, with scape, pedicel and F1 metallic bluish-green. Tegula metallic blue. Legs metallic bluish-green, with tarsi blackish-brown without metallic reflections.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B7F328669D22357F0E8A4B008798DFD3" pageId="21" pageNumber="130">Male. Unknown.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8BA58EB736460C5711E8277C293FF093" pageId="21" pageNumber="130" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="45E8F474A4309F3D674B3F7F44CE643E" pageId="21" pageNumber="130">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1043196B8A18C3097ED7772865F8EEAA" pageId="21" pageNumber="130">
China (Hong Kong?), Laos (
<bibRefCitation id="39C1AC85C53E4F4B98E02151D3FFAD15" author="Kimsey, LS" journalOrPublisher="Oxford University Press, New York" pageId="24" pageNumber="133" title="The Chrysidid Wasps of the World" year="1991">Kimsey and Bohart 1991</bibRefCitation>
); Indonesia; Pakistan (new record).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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