From 6122131f33f1d8daa15f899210866206fd5a21a2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: ggserver Date: Sun, 1 Dec 2024 03:43:28 +0000 Subject: [PATCH] Add updates up until 2024-12-01 03:38:23 --- .../09/0DAD096970C15101B21F07825305E2C0.xml | 254 ++++++------ .../04/1C3604D672A65663972AA9B8D8047BFB.xml | 276 ++++++------- .../7F/1D217FF0331E5DFEA23A260AD89262AD.xml | 246 ++++++------ .../20/205120CA5CFD527DA25C585CC257F189.xml | 242 +++++------ .../E5/7E0EE50321DC53E9BE6CAC17CDE6DB30.xml | 306 +++++++------- .../89/9E76892A774155B199D7D3A5794CE632.xml | 258 ++++++------ .../A4/CEB8A4B6F04F5575AC0AAE35F095C786.xml | 260 ++++++------ .../8C/D1F98C555DDD5F8DAA9396C1A71D4118.xml | 250 ++++++------ .../BA/DF62BAFE06B45B61B5DFB04A171B6386.xml | 376 +++++++++--------- 9 files changed, 1234 insertions(+), 1234 deletions(-) diff --git a/data/0D/AD/09/0DAD096970C15101B21F07825305E2C0.xml b/data/0D/AD/09/0DAD096970C15101B21F07825305E2C0.xml index 6e6e88f3729..11b5446e747 100644 --- a/data/0D/AD/09/0DAD096970C15101B21F07825305E2C0.xml +++ b/data/0D/AD/09/0DAD096970C15101B21F07825305E2C0.xml @@ -1,212 +1,212 @@ - - - -Identification guide to larvae of Caucasian Epeorus (Caucasiron) (Ephemeroptera, Heptageniidae) + + + +Identification guide to larvae of Caucasian Epeorus (Caucasiron) (Ephemeroptera, Heptageniidae) - - -Author + + +Author -Hrivniak, Ľubos -Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Branisovska 31, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic & Faculty of Sciences, University of South Bohemia, Branisovska 31, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic -lubos.hrivniak@gmail.com +Hrivniak, Ľubos +Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Branisovska 31, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic & Faculty of Sciences, University of South Bohemia, Branisovska 31, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic +lubos.hrivniak@gmail.com - - -Author + + +Author -Sroka, Pavel -Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Branisovska 31, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic -https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4367-6564 +Sroka, Pavel +Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Branisovska 31, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic +https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4367-6564 - - -Author + + +Author -Bojkova, Jindriska -Department of Botany and Zoology, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic +Bojkova, Jindriska +Department of Botany and Zoology, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic - - -Author + + +Author -Godunko, Roman J. -Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Branisovska 31, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic & Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Hydrobiology, University of Lodz, Banacha 12 / 16, 90237 Lodz, Poland -https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2196-3327 -godunko@seznam.cz +Godunko, Roman J. +Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Branisovska 31, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic & Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Hydrobiology, University of Lodz, Banacha 12 / 16, 90237 Lodz, Poland +https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2196-3327 +godunko@seznam.cz -text - - -ZooKeys +text + + +ZooKeys - -2020 - -986 + +2020 + +986 - -1 -53 + +1 +53 - -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.986.56276 + +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.986.56276 -journal article -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.986.56276 -1313-2970-986-1 -CDFA38CA1B6F424D85246B540E63E954 -2A3CD185EDDF52BDB0AD1E5DA924299B +journal article +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.986.56276 +1313-2970-986-1 +CDFA38CA1B6F424D85246B540E63E954 +2A3CD185EDDF52BDB0AD1E5DA924299B - - - -Epeorus (Caucasiron) nigripilosus (Sinitshenkova, 1976) -Figs 12 -, 13 -, 14 + + + +Epeorus (Caucasiron) nigripilosus (Sinitshenkova, 1976) +Figs 12 +, 13 +, 14 - - -Iron nigripilosus + + +Iron nigripilosus Sinitshenkova, 1976 - -Epeorus (Iron) nigripilosus + +Epeorus (Iron) nigripilosus (Sinitshenkova, 1976); in -Kluge (1995) +Kluge (1995) - -Epeorus (Caucasiron) nigripilosus + +Epeorus (Caucasiron) nigripilosus (Sinitshenkova, 1976); in -Kluge (2004) +Kluge (2004) - -Type locality. -Georgia, Mtskheta-Mtianeti Region, Kistinka (= Khde, Khdistkhali) River (along the Georgian Military Road, 1300 m a.s.l.). + +Type locality. +Georgia, Mtskheta-Mtianeti Region, Kistinka (= Khde, Khdistkhali) River (along the Georgian Military Road, 1300 m a.s.l.). - -Distribution. - + +Distribution. + Georgia, south-western Russia, Turkey, Cyprus Island, northern Iraq, northern Iran (Fig. -12 +12 ). - -Habitat. - + +Habitat. + Larvae inhabit small streams and rivers at low to high altitude. Altitudinal range of sampling sites 280-2100 m a.s.l. (Fig. -12 +12 ). Most frequently found above 1000 m a.s.l. - -Main morphological diagnostics of larvae. - + +Main morphological diagnostics of larvae. + (i) abdominal sterna II-VI with a pair of triangular spots; nerve ganglia often with spots (Fig. -13B, J +13B, J ); (ii) abdominal terga V-VII with lateral stripes extended dorso-posteriorly (Fig. -13H, I +13H, I , arrows); (iii) tergum X with postero-lateral projections (Fig. -14K, L +14K, L , arrows); (iv) femora with rounded medial hypodermal spot (Fig. -13F, G +13F, G ); (v) setae on abdominal terga hair-like (Fig. -14E +14E ); (vi) denticles along posterior margin of tergum VII strongly sclerotized and dense (Fig. -14E +14E ); (vii) gill plates VII (in natural position from ventral view) wide (Figs -13K +13K , -14H-J +14H-J ); (viii) gill plates III with developed projection (Fig. -14G +14G ). - -Remarks. - - -Taxonomy + +Remarks. + + +Taxonomy . This species was described based on larvae from Georgia (Kistinka River) ( -Sinitshenkova 1976 +Sinitshenkova 1976 ). Type series is deposited in IZ ( -Kluge 1995 +Kluge 1995 ). Male imago was described by -Braasch (1979) +Braasch (1979) based on the material from the western Caucasus (Teberda River) associated with larvae according to similar coloration of abdominal terga and sterna. Female imago not described. Male genitalia similar to -E. (C.) caucasicus +E. (C.) caucasicus according to -Braasch (1979) +Braasch (1979) . - - -Figure 12. + + +Figure 12. Geographical (left) and vertical (right) distribution of -Epeorus (Caucasiron) nigripilosus +Epeorus (Caucasiron) nigripilosus . - - -Figure 13. -Epeorus (Caucasiron) nigripilosus + + +Figure 13. +Epeorus (Caucasiron) nigripilosus , larva: -A +A habitus in dorsal view -B +B habitus in ventral view -C +C habitus in lateral view -D +D head of male in dorsal view -E +E head of female in dorsal view -F, -G +F, -G middle leg in dorsal view -H, -I +H, -I abdominal terga (arrows point on dorso-posteriorly extended lateral stripes) -J +J abdominal sterna II-VI -K +K gills VII (in natural position from ventral view). - - -Figure 14. -Epeorus (Caucasiron) nigripilosus + + +Figure 14. +Epeorus (Caucasiron) nigripilosus , larva: -A +A labrum (left half in dorsal view right half in ventral view) -B +B incisors of left mandible -C +C incisors of right mandible -D +D setae on dorsal surface of femora -E +E surface and posterior margin of abdominal tergum VII -F +F gill I -G +G gill III -H +H gill VII (flattened on slide) -I, J +I, J gill VII (in natural position from ventral view) variability in shape -K, L +K, L abdominal segments VIII-X in lateral view (arrows point on postero-lateral projection) -M +M , sternum IX of female with observed variability. diff --git a/data/1C/36/04/1C3604D672A65663972AA9B8D8047BFB.xml b/data/1C/36/04/1C3604D672A65663972AA9B8D8047BFB.xml index ddf412c6cee..3c051f5846d 100644 --- a/data/1C/36/04/1C3604D672A65663972AA9B8D8047BFB.xml +++ b/data/1C/36/04/1C3604D672A65663972AA9B8D8047BFB.xml @@ -1,235 +1,235 @@ - - - -Identification guide to larvae of Caucasian Epeorus (Caucasiron) (Ephemeroptera, Heptageniidae) + + + +Identification guide to larvae of Caucasian Epeorus (Caucasiron) (Ephemeroptera, Heptageniidae) - - -Author + + +Author -Hrivniak, Ľubos -Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Branisovska 31, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic & Faculty of Sciences, University of South Bohemia, Branisovska 31, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic -lubos.hrivniak@gmail.com +Hrivniak, Ľubos +Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Branisovska 31, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic & Faculty of Sciences, University of South Bohemia, Branisovska 31, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic +lubos.hrivniak@gmail.com - - -Author + + +Author -Sroka, Pavel -Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Branisovska 31, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic -https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4367-6564 +Sroka, Pavel +Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Branisovska 31, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic +https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4367-6564 - - -Author + + +Author -Bojkova, Jindriska -Department of Botany and Zoology, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic +Bojkova, Jindriska +Department of Botany and Zoology, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic - - -Author + + +Author -Godunko, Roman J. -Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Branisovska 31, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic & Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Hydrobiology, University of Lodz, Banacha 12 / 16, 90237 Lodz, Poland -https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2196-3327 -godunko@seznam.cz +Godunko, Roman J. +Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Branisovska 31, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic & Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Hydrobiology, University of Lodz, Banacha 12 / 16, 90237 Lodz, Poland +https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2196-3327 +godunko@seznam.cz -text - - -ZooKeys +text + + +ZooKeys - -2020 - -986 + +2020 + +986 - -1 -53 + +1 +53 - -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.986.56276 + +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.986.56276 -journal article -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.986.56276 -1313-2970-986-1 -CDFA38CA1B6F424D85246B540E63E954 -2A3CD185EDDF52BDB0AD1E5DA924299B +journal article +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.986.56276 +1313-2970-986-1 +CDFA38CA1B6F424D85246B540E63E954 +2A3CD185EDDF52BDB0AD1E5DA924299B - - - -Epeorus (Caucasiron) magnus (Braasch, 1978) -Figs 9 -, 10 -, 11 + + + +Epeorus (Caucasiron) magnus (Braasch, 1978) +Figs 9 +, 10 +, 11 - - -Iron znojkoi + + +Iron znojkoi Tshernova, 1938; in -Sinitshenkova (1976) +Sinitshenkova (1976) , partim - -Iron magnus + +Iron magnus Braasch, 1978 - -Epeorus (Iron) magnus + +Epeorus (Iron) magnus (Braasch, 1978); in -Kluge (1988) +Kluge (1988) - -Epeorus (Caucasiron) magnus + +Epeorus (Caucasiron) magnus (Braasch, 1978); in -Kluge (1997b) +Kluge (1997b) - -Type locality. -Russia, Krasnodar krai, western Caucasus, Sochi River (20 km above Sochi; 800 m a.s.l.). + +Type locality. +Russia, Krasnodar krai, western Caucasus, Sochi River (20 km above Sochi; 800 m a.s.l.). - -Distribution. - + +Distribution. + Georgia, south-western Russia, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Turkey (Fig. -9 +9 ). One of the most widespread species in the Caucasus. - -Habitat. - + +Habitat. + Larvae inhabit streams and rivers of various sizes, from larger braided low-altitude rivers to small streams at high altitude. Altitudinal range of sampling sites 6-2474 m a.s.l. (Fig. -9 +9 ). Most frequently found at low and middle altitude. Often syntopic with -E. (C.) znojkoi +E. (C.) znojkoi . - -Main morphological diagnostics of larvae. - + +Main morphological diagnostics of larvae. + (i) shape of head in male and female oval, trapezoidal (Fig. -10D, E +10D, E ); (ii) tergum X with well-developed postero-lateral projections (Fig. -11K-M +11K-M , arrows), sporadically poorly developed; (iii) abdominal sterna without coloration pattern (Fig. -10B, J +10B, J ); (iv) abdominal terga V-VII with triangular medial macula (Fig. -10H +10H ), sporadically poorly visible (Fig. -10I +10I ); (v) femora without medial hypodermal spot (Fig. -10F, G +10F, G ); (vi) dorsal surface of labrum densely covered by bristle-like setae (Fig. -11A +11A ); (v) setae on abdominal terga hair-like (Fig. -11E +11E ); (vi) gill plates III with well-developed projection (Fig. -11G +11G ); (vii) denticles along posterior margin of tergum VII strongly sclerotized, dense and curved (Fig. -11E +11E ). - -Remarks. - - -Morphology + +Remarks. + + +Morphology . The largest species occurring in the Caucasus. The body size of larvae 20-24 mm, cerci 20-22 mm ( -Braasch 1978 +Braasch 1978 ). - - -Taxonomy + + +Taxonomy . Original description based on the larvae from Russia (western Caucasus) ( -Braasch 1978 +Braasch 1978 ). The type series is currently deposited in the collection of Stuttgart State Museum of Natural History, Stuttgart, Germany (SMNS). Imagines (male and female) and female subimago described by -Braasch (1980) +Braasch (1980) based on material from Russia, Armenia and Georgia. We assume the larva of -E. (C.) magnus +E. (C.) magnus was erroneously described under the name - -znojkoi + +znojkoi by -Sinitshenkova (1976) +Sinitshenkova (1976) (see remarks to -E. (C.) znojkoi +E. (C.) znojkoi s. l. for details). - - -Figure 9. + + +Figure 9. Geographical (left) and vertical (right) distribution of -Epeorus (Caucasiron) magnus +Epeorus (Caucasiron) magnus . - - -Figure 10. -Epeorus (Caucasiron) magnus + + +Figure 10. +Epeorus (Caucasiron) magnus , larva: -A +A habitus in dorsal view -B +B habitus in ventral view -C +C habitus in lateral view -D +D head of male in dorsal view -E +E head of female in dorsal view -F, G +F, G middle leg in dorsal view -H, I +H, I abdominal terga -J +J abdominal sterna II-VI -K +K gills VII (in natural position from ventral view). - - -Figure 11. -Epeorus (Caucasiron) magnus + + +Figure 11. +Epeorus (Caucasiron) magnus , larva: -A +A labrum (left half in dorsal view right half in ventral view) with detail of bristle-like seta -B +B incisors of left mandible -C +C incisors of right mandible -D +D setae on dorsal surface of femora -E +E surface and posterior margin of abdominal tergum VII -F +F gill I -G +G gill III -H +H gill VII (flattened on slide) -I, J +I, J gill VII (in natural position from ventral view) variability in shape -K-M +K-M abdominal segments VIII-X in lateral view (arrow points on postero-lateral projection) -N +N sternum IX of female with observed variability. diff --git a/data/1D/21/7F/1D217FF0331E5DFEA23A260AD89262AD.xml b/data/1D/21/7F/1D217FF0331E5DFEA23A260AD89262AD.xml index 06a12e11376..f848f2ebefc 100644 --- a/data/1D/21/7F/1D217FF0331E5DFEA23A260AD89262AD.xml +++ b/data/1D/21/7F/1D217FF0331E5DFEA23A260AD89262AD.xml @@ -1,204 +1,204 @@ - - - -Identification guide to larvae of Caucasian Epeorus (Caucasiron) (Ephemeroptera, Heptageniidae) + + + +Identification guide to larvae of Caucasian Epeorus (Caucasiron) (Ephemeroptera, Heptageniidae) - - -Author + + +Author -Hrivniak, Ľubos -Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Branisovska 31, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic & Faculty of Sciences, University of South Bohemia, Branisovska 31, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic -lubos.hrivniak@gmail.com +Hrivniak, Ľubos +Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Branisovska 31, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic & Faculty of Sciences, University of South Bohemia, Branisovska 31, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic +lubos.hrivniak@gmail.com - - -Author + + +Author -Sroka, Pavel -Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Branisovska 31, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic -https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4367-6564 +Sroka, Pavel +Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Branisovska 31, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic +https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4367-6564 - - -Author + + +Author -Bojkova, Jindriska -Department of Botany and Zoology, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic +Bojkova, Jindriska +Department of Botany and Zoology, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic - - -Author + + +Author -Godunko, Roman J. -Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Branisovska 31, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic & Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Hydrobiology, University of Lodz, Banacha 12 / 16, 90237 Lodz, Poland -https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2196-3327 -godunko@seznam.cz +Godunko, Roman J. +Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Branisovska 31, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic & Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Hydrobiology, University of Lodz, Banacha 12 / 16, 90237 Lodz, Poland +https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2196-3327 +godunko@seznam.cz -text - - -ZooKeys +text + + +ZooKeys - -2020 - -986 + +2020 + +986 - -1 -53 + +1 +53 - -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.986.56276 + +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.986.56276 -journal article -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.986.56276 -1313-2970-986-1 -CDFA38CA1B6F424D85246B540E63E954 -2A3CD185EDDF52BDB0AD1E5DA924299B +journal article +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.986.56276 +1313-2970-986-1 +CDFA38CA1B6F424D85246B540E63E954 +2A3CD185EDDF52BDB0AD1E5DA924299B - - - -Epeorus (Caucasiron) sinitshenkovae (Braasch & Zimmerman, 1979) -Figs 24 -, 25 -, 26 + + + +Epeorus (Caucasiron) sinitshenkovae (Braasch & Zimmerman, 1979) +Figs 24 +, 25 +, 26 - - -Iron sinitshenkovae + + +Iron sinitshenkovae Braasch & Zimmermann, 1979 - -Epeorus (Iron) sinitshenkovae + +Epeorus (Iron) sinitshenkovae (Braasch & Zimmermann, 1979); in -Kluge (1995) +Kluge (1995) - -Epeorus (Caucasiron) sinitshenkovae + +Epeorus (Caucasiron) sinitshenkovae (Braasch & Zimmermann, 1979); in -Kluge (2004) +Kluge (2004) - -Type locality. -Russia, the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic, central Greater Caucasus, right tributary of Dongoserun (Donguz-Orun-Baksan) River (2100 m a.s.l.). + +Type locality. +Russia, the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic, central Greater Caucasus, right tributary of Dongoserun (Donguz-Orun-Baksan) River (2100 m a.s.l.). - -Distribution. - + +Distribution. + Georgia, south-western Russia. Species endemic to the Greater Caucasus (Fig. -24 +24 ). - -Habitat. - + +Habitat. + Larvae inhabit small streams and rivers at middle and high altitude in the western and central Greater Caucasus. Altitudinal range of sampling sites 760-2580 m a.s.l. (Fig. -24 +24 ). Most frequently found above 1800 m a.s.l. Often syntopic with -E. (C.) alpestris +E. (C.) alpestris and at lower altitude with -E. (C.) soldani +E. (C.) soldani . - -Main morphological diagnostics of larvae. - + +Main morphological diagnostics of larvae. + (i) abdominal terga V-VII with narrowed triangular medial macula and a pair of anterolateral spots (Fig. -25H +25H ; arrows); (ii) abdominal sterna without coloration pattern (Fig. -25B, I +25B, I ); (iii) femora without medial hypodermal spot (Fig. -25F, G +25F, G ); (iv) gill plates VII (in natural position from ventral view) narrow (Figs -25J +25J , -26H-K +26H-K ); (v) gill plates III with poorly developed projection (Fig. -26G +26G ); (vi) setae on abdominal terga not distinctly wide at base, often elongated (Fig. -26E +26E ); (vii) tergum X without postero-lateral projections (Fig. -26L +26L ). - -Remarks. - - -Taxonomy + +Remarks. + + +Taxonomy . Original description based on male imago and larva from the Greater Caucasus ( -Braasch and Zimmermann 1979 +Braasch and Zimmermann 1979 ). The type series is currently deposited in SMNS. Female imago not described in detail. The association of imagines and larvae based on the colour pattern of abdominal terga and sterna in material from the same locality. - - -Figure 24. + + +Figure 24. Geographical (left) and vertical (right) distribution of -Epeorus (Caucasiron) sinitshenkovae +Epeorus (Caucasiron) sinitshenkovae . - - -Figure 25. -Epeorus (Caucasiron) sinitshenkovae + + +Figure 25. +Epeorus (Caucasiron) sinitshenkovae , larva: -A +A habitus in dorsal view -B +B habitus in ventral view -C +C habitus in lateral view -D +D head of male in dorsal view -E +E head of female in dorsal view -F, G +F, G middle leg in dorsal view H abdominal terga (arrows point on anterolateral spots) -I +I abdominal sterna II-VI -J +J gills VII (in natural position from ventral view). - - -Figure 26. -Epeorus (Caucasiron) sinitshenkovae + + +Figure 26. +Epeorus (Caucasiron) sinitshenkovae , larva: -A +A labrum (left half in dorsal view right half in ventral view) -B +B incisors of left mandible -C +C incisors of right mandible -D +D setae on dorsal surface of femora -E +E surface and posterior margin of abdominal tergum VII with detail of slightly widened elongated seta -F +F gill I -G +G gill III -H +H gill VII (flattened on slide) -I-K +I-K gill VII (in natural position from ventral view) variability in shape -L +L abdominal segments VIII-X in lateral view -M +M sternum IX of female. diff --git a/data/20/51/20/205120CA5CFD527DA25C585CC257F189.xml b/data/20/51/20/205120CA5CFD527DA25C585CC257F189.xml index 20f7ca3a711..8db93ae781f 100644 --- a/data/20/51/20/205120CA5CFD527DA25C585CC257F189.xml +++ b/data/20/51/20/205120CA5CFD527DA25C585CC257F189.xml @@ -1,201 +1,201 @@ - - - -Identification guide to larvae of Caucasian Epeorus (Caucasiron) (Ephemeroptera, Heptageniidae) + + + +Identification guide to larvae of Caucasian Epeorus (Caucasiron) (Ephemeroptera, Heptageniidae) - - -Author + + +Author -Hrivniak, Ľubos -Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Branisovska 31, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic & Faculty of Sciences, University of South Bohemia, Branisovska 31, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic -lubos.hrivniak@gmail.com +Hrivniak, Ľubos +Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Branisovska 31, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic & Faculty of Sciences, University of South Bohemia, Branisovska 31, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic +lubos.hrivniak@gmail.com - - -Author + + +Author -Sroka, Pavel -Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Branisovska 31, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic -https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4367-6564 +Sroka, Pavel +Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Branisovska 31, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic +https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4367-6564 - - -Author + + +Author -Bojkova, Jindriska -Department of Botany and Zoology, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic +Bojkova, Jindriska +Department of Botany and Zoology, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic - - -Author + + +Author -Godunko, Roman J. -Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Branisovska 31, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic & Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Hydrobiology, University of Lodz, Banacha 12 / 16, 90237 Lodz, Poland -https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2196-3327 -godunko@seznam.cz +Godunko, Roman J. +Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Branisovska 31, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic & Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Hydrobiology, University of Lodz, Banacha 12 / 16, 90237 Lodz, Poland +https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2196-3327 +godunko@seznam.cz -text - - -ZooKeys +text + + +ZooKeys - -2020 - -986 + +2020 + +986 - -1 -53 + +1 +53 - -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.986.56276 + +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.986.56276 -journal article -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.986.56276 -1313-2970-986-1 -CDFA38CA1B6F424D85246B540E63E954 -2A3CD185EDDF52BDB0AD1E5DA924299B +journal article +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.986.56276 +1313-2970-986-1 +CDFA38CA1B6F424D85246B540E63E954 +2A3CD185EDDF52BDB0AD1E5DA924299B - - - -Epeorus (Caucasiron) longimaculatus (Braasch, 1980) -Figs 27 -, 28 -, 29 + + + +Epeorus (Caucasiron) longimaculatus (Braasch, 1980) +Figs 27 +, 28 +, 29 - - -Iron longimaculatus + + +Iron longimaculatus Braasch, 1980 - -Epeorus (Caucasiron) longimaculatus + +Epeorus (Caucasiron) longimaculatus (Braasch, 1980); in -Kluge (2004) +Kluge (2004) - -Type locality. -Georgia, Mtskheta-Mtianeti Region, central Greater Caucasus, tributary of Aragvi River, 3 km above Pasanauri (1400-1500 m a.s.l.). + +Type locality. +Georgia, Mtskheta-Mtianeti Region, central Greater Caucasus, tributary of Aragvi River, 3 km above Pasanauri (1400-1500 m a.s.l.). - -Distribution. - + +Distribution. + Georgia. Species endemic to the Greater Caucasus (Fig. -27 +27 ). - -Habitat. - + +Habitat. + Larvae inhabit small streams and rivers at middle altitude in the central Greater Caucasus. Altitudinal range of sampling sites 903-1193 m a.s.l. (Fig. -27 +27 ). - -Main morphological diagnostics of larvae. - + +Main morphological diagnostics of larvae. + (i) femora with elongated medial hypodermal spot (Fig. -28F-H +28F-H ); (ii) setae on abdominal terga wide at base (Fig. -29E +29E ); (iii) gill plates III without distinct projection (Fig. -29G +29G ); (iv) gill plates VII (in natural position from ventral view) narrow (Figs -28L, M +28L, M , -29H-L +29H-L ); (v) denticles along posterior margin of tergum VII narrowed (Fig. -29E +29E ); (vi) abdominal terga V-VII with narrowed triangular medial macula (Fig. -28I-K +28I-K ); (vii) abdominal sterna without coloration pattern (Fig. -28B, N-P +28B, N-P ); (viii) tergum X without postero-lateral projections (Fig. -29N +29N ); (ix) shape of head of male ellipsoid (Fig. -28D +28D ). - -Remarks. - - -Taxonomy + +Remarks. + + +Taxonomy . This species described based on male subimago and larva collected in central Greater Caucasus ( -Braasch 1980 +Braasch 1980 ). The type series is currently deposited in SMNS. Larva associated with the subimago according to the coloration of abdomen. Male and female imagines not described. - - -Figure 27. + + +Figure 27. Geographical (left) and vertical (right) distribution of -Epeorus (Caucasiron) longimaculatus +Epeorus (Caucasiron) longimaculatus . - - -Figure 28. -Epeorus (Caucasiron) longimaculatus + + +Figure 28. +Epeorus (Caucasiron) longimaculatus , larva: -A +A habitus in dorsal view -B +B habitus in ventral view -C +C habitus in lateral view -D +D head of male in dorsal view -E +E head of female in dorsal view -F-H +F-H middle leg in dorsal view -I-K +I-K abdominal terga -L, M +L, M gills VII (in natural position from ventral view) -N-P +N-P abdominal sterna II-VI. - - -Figure 29. -Epeorus (Caucasiron) longimaculatus + + +Figure 29. +Epeorus (Caucasiron) longimaculatus , larva: -A +A labrum (left half in dorsal view right half in ventral view) -B +B incisors of left mandible -C +C incisors of right mandible -D +D setae on dorsal surface of femora -E +E surface and posterior margin of abdominal tergum VII with detail of basally wide seta -F +F gill I -G +G gill III -H +H gill VII (flattened on slide) -I-L +I-L gill VII (in natural position from ventral view) variability in shape -M +M sternum IX of female -N +N abdominal segments VIII-X in lateral view. diff --git a/data/7E/0E/E5/7E0EE50321DC53E9BE6CAC17CDE6DB30.xml b/data/7E/0E/E5/7E0EE50321DC53E9BE6CAC17CDE6DB30.xml index 27492a70894..d851720b9b0 100644 --- a/data/7E/0E/E5/7E0EE50321DC53E9BE6CAC17CDE6DB30.xml +++ b/data/7E/0E/E5/7E0EE50321DC53E9BE6CAC17CDE6DB30.xml @@ -1,266 +1,266 @@ - - - -Identification guide to larvae of Caucasian Epeorus (Caucasiron) (Ephemeroptera, Heptageniidae) + + + +Identification guide to larvae of Caucasian Epeorus (Caucasiron) (Ephemeroptera, Heptageniidae) - - -Author + + +Author -Hrivniak, Ľubos -Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Branisovska 31, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic & Faculty of Sciences, University of South Bohemia, Branisovska 31, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic -lubos.hrivniak@gmail.com +Hrivniak, Ľubos +Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Branisovska 31, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic & Faculty of Sciences, University of South Bohemia, Branisovska 31, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic +lubos.hrivniak@gmail.com - - -Author + + +Author -Sroka, Pavel -Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Branisovska 31, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic -https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4367-6564 +Sroka, Pavel +Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Branisovska 31, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic +https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4367-6564 - - -Author + + +Author -Bojkova, Jindriska -Department of Botany and Zoology, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic +Bojkova, Jindriska +Department of Botany and Zoology, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic - - -Author + + +Author -Godunko, Roman J. -Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Branisovska 31, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic & Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Hydrobiology, University of Lodz, Banacha 12 / 16, 90237 Lodz, Poland -https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2196-3327 -godunko@seznam.cz +Godunko, Roman J. +Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Branisovska 31, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic & Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Hydrobiology, University of Lodz, Banacha 12 / 16, 90237 Lodz, Poland +https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2196-3327 +godunko@seznam.cz -text - - -ZooKeys +text + + +ZooKeys - -2020 - -986 + +2020 + +986 - -1 -53 + +1 +53 - -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.986.56276 + +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.986.56276 -journal article -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.986.56276 -1313-2970-986-1 -CDFA38CA1B6F424D85246B540E63E954 -2A3CD185EDDF52BDB0AD1E5DA924299B +journal article +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.986.56276 +1313-2970-986-1 +CDFA38CA1B6F424D85246B540E63E954 +2A3CD185EDDF52BDB0AD1E5DA924299B - - - -Epeorus (Caucasiron) caucasicus (Tshernova, 1938) -Figs 3 -, 4 -, 5 + + + +Epeorus (Caucasiron) caucasicus (Tshernova, 1938) +Figs 3 +, 4 +, 5 - - -Cynigma caucasica + + +Cynigma caucasica Tshernova, 1938 - -Epeorus (Iron) + +Epeorus (Iron) (Tshernova, 1938); in -Tshernova (1974) +Tshernova (1974) - -Iron fuscus + +Iron fuscus Sinitshenkova, 1976; jun. syn.; in -Braasch (1979) +Braasch (1979) - -Epeorus (Caucasiron) caucasicus + +Epeorus (Caucasiron) caucasicus (Tshernova, 1938); in -Kluge (1997b) +Kluge (1997b) - -Type locality. -Azerbaijan, The Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic, a stream in the vicinity of the upper Sakarsu River (3000 m a.s.l.). + +Type locality. +Azerbaijan, The Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic, a stream in the vicinity of the upper Sakarsu River (3000 m a.s.l.). - -Distribution. - + +Distribution. + Georgia, south-western Russia, Azerbaijan, Armenia, eastern Turkey (Fig. -3 +3 ). One of the most widespread species in the Caucasus. - -Habitat. - + +Habitat. + Larvae inhabit small streams and rivers at middle and high altitude, most frequently found above 1000 m a.s.l. Altitudinal range of sampling sites 496-2474 m a.s.l. (Fig. -3 +3 ). - -Main morphological diagnostics of larvae. - + +Main morphological diagnostics of larvae. + (i) abdominal sterna II-VI with a pair of oblique stripes; nerve ganglia often with stripes or spots (Fig. -4B, J +4B, J ); (ii) abdominal terga V-VII with crown-like medial macula (Fig. -4A, I +4A, I , arrow); (iii) femora with medial hypodermal spot (Fig. -4G, H +4G, H ), sporadically absent or poorly visible (Fig. -4F +4F ); (iv) setae on abdominal terga hair-like (Fig. -5E +5E ); (v) gill plates III with well-developed projection (Fig. -5G +5G ); (vi) tergum X with poorly developed postero-lateral projections (Fig. -5M +5M , arrow) or without postero-lateral projections (Fig. -5L +5L ). - -Remarks. - - -Morphology + +Remarks. + + +Morphology . Coloration pattern of abdominal sterna as in -E. (C.) iranicus +E. (C.) iranicus (Figs -22I, J +22I, J ), similar pattern in -E. (C.) zagrosicus +E. (C.) zagrosicus (Fig. -46I +46I ). Lateral stripes on abdominal terga sporadically dorso-posteriorly extended as in -E. (C.) nigripilosus +E. (C.) nigripilosus (Fig. -13H, I +13H, I , arrows). A projection on gill plates III usually well-developed, a slight reduction observed in specimens collected from central Armenia. - - -Taxonomy + + +Taxonomy . This species was described based on male imagines from the Nakchivan Autonomous Republic (upper Sakarsu River) ( -Tshernova 1938 +Tshernova 1938 ). The type series is deposited in the Institute of Zoology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg (IZ) ( -Kluge 1995 +Kluge 1995 ). Female imago not described; the larva described by -Sinitshenkova (1976) +Sinitshenkova (1976) from several localities in Russia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan. Larvae and imagines were associated based on the same sampling sites (a part of the larval material originated from the vicinity of the type locality) and a similarity in the coloration of abdomen of the larva and imagines. The description and validity of larval diagnostic characters were discussed by -Braasch (1979 +Braasch (1979 , -1980 +1980 ). According to him, -Sinitshenkova (1976) +Sinitshenkova (1976) described the larva of -E. (C.) znojkoi +E. (C.) znojkoi under the name -E. (C.) caucasicus +E. (C.) caucasicus by mistake. This opinion was supported by the investigation of imagines reared from larvae corresponding to -E. (C.) caucasicus +E. (C.) caucasicus described by -Sinitshenkova (1976) +Sinitshenkova (1976) . Imagines corresponded to -E. (C.) znojkoi +E. (C.) znojkoi as were described by -Tshernova (1938) +Tshernova (1938) . The larva belonging to -E. (C.) caucasicus +E. (C.) caucasicus was also described in -Sinitshenkova (1976) +Sinitshenkova (1976) , but under erroneous attribution to newly proposed species -E. (C.) fuscus +E. (C.) fuscus . Later, -E. (C.) fuscus +E. (C.) fuscus was considered as a synonym of -E. (C.) caucasicus +E. (C.) caucasicus ( -Braasch 1979 +Braasch 1979 ; - + Braasch and -Soldan +Soldan 1979 ). - - -Figure 3. + + +Figure 3. Geographical (left) and vertical (right) distribution of -Epeorus (Caucasiron) caucasicus +Epeorus (Caucasiron) caucasicus . - - -Figure 4. -Epeorus (Caucasiron) caucasicus + + +Figure 4. +Epeorus (Caucasiron) caucasicus , larva: -A +A habitus in dorsal view -B +B habitus in ventral view -C +C habitus in lateral view -D +D head of male in dorsal view -E +E head of female in dorsal view -F-H +F-H middle leg in dorsal view -I +I abdominal terga (arrow points on medial macula) -J +J abdominal sterna II-VI -K, L +K, L gills VII (in natural position from ventral view). - - -Figure 5. -Epeorus (Caucasiron) caucasicus + + +Figure 5. +Epeorus (Caucasiron) caucasicus , larva: -A +A labrum (left half in dorsal view, right half in ventral view) with detail of hair-like seta -B +B incisors of left mandible -C +C incisors of right mandible -D +D setae on dorsal surface of femora -E +E surface and posterior margin of abdominal tergum VII with detail of hair-like seta -F +F gill I -G +G gill III (arrow points on distinct projection on costal margin) -H +H gill VII (flattened on slide) -I-K +I-K gill VII (in natural position from ventral view), variability in shape -L, M +L, M abdominal segments VIII-X in lateral view (arrow points on postero-lateral projection) -N +N sternum IX of female with observed variability. diff --git a/data/9E/76/89/9E76892A774155B199D7D3A5794CE632.xml b/data/9E/76/89/9E76892A774155B199D7D3A5794CE632.xml index e8d52e92820..a588a688d86 100644 --- a/data/9E/76/89/9E76892A774155B199D7D3A5794CE632.xml +++ b/data/9E/76/89/9E76892A774155B199D7D3A5794CE632.xml @@ -1,220 +1,220 @@ - - - -Identification guide to larvae of Caucasian Epeorus (Caucasiron) (Ephemeroptera, Heptageniidae) + + + +Identification guide to larvae of Caucasian Epeorus (Caucasiron) (Ephemeroptera, Heptageniidae) - - -Author + + +Author -Hrivniak, Ľubos -Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Branisovska 31, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic & Faculty of Sciences, University of South Bohemia, Branisovska 31, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic -lubos.hrivniak@gmail.com +Hrivniak, Ľubos +Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Branisovska 31, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic & Faculty of Sciences, University of South Bohemia, Branisovska 31, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic +lubos.hrivniak@gmail.com - - -Author + + +Author -Sroka, Pavel -Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Branisovska 31, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic -https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4367-6564 +Sroka, Pavel +Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Branisovska 31, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic +https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4367-6564 - - -Author + + +Author -Bojkova, Jindriska -Department of Botany and Zoology, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic +Bojkova, Jindriska +Department of Botany and Zoology, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic - - -Author + + +Author -Godunko, Roman J. -Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Branisovska 31, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic & Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Hydrobiology, University of Lodz, Banacha 12 / 16, 90237 Lodz, Poland -https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2196-3327 -godunko@seznam.cz +Godunko, Roman J. +Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Branisovska 31, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic & Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Hydrobiology, University of Lodz, Banacha 12 / 16, 90237 Lodz, Poland +https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2196-3327 +godunko@seznam.cz -text - - -ZooKeys +text + + +ZooKeys - -2020 - -986 + +2020 + +986 - -1 -53 + +1 +53 - -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.986.56276 + +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.986.56276 -journal article -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.986.56276 -1313-2970-986-1 -CDFA38CA1B6F424D85246B540E63E954 -2A3CD185EDDF52BDB0AD1E5DA924299B +journal article +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.986.56276 +1313-2970-986-1 +CDFA38CA1B6F424D85246B540E63E954 +2A3CD185EDDF52BDB0AD1E5DA924299B - - - -Epeorus (Caucasiron) insularis (Braasch, 1983) -Figs 30 -, 31 -, 32 + + + +Epeorus (Caucasiron) insularis (Braasch, 1983) +Figs 30 +, 31 +, 32 - - -Iron znojkoi insularis + + +Iron znojkoi insularis Braasch, 1983 - -Epeorus (Caucasiron) insularis + +Epeorus (Caucasiron) insularis (Braasch, 1983); in -Hrivniak et al. (2020b) +Hrivniak et al. (2020b) - -Type locality. - + +Type locality. + Greece, Samos Island, stream east of Pirgos, -37°3'N +37°3'N / -26°49'E +26°49'E ; 300 m a.s.l. - -Distribution. - + +Distribution. + Known only from few sites in Samos Island (Fig. -30 +30 ). - -Habitat. - + +Habitat. + Larvae inhabit small forested streams at 128-440 m a.s.l. (Fig. -30 +30 ). - -Main morphological diagnostics of larvae. - + +Main morphological diagnostics of larvae. + (i) abdominal terga V-VII with T-shaped medial macula (Fig. -31I +31I ); (ii) abdominal sterna V-VII with reddish to brownish longitudinal stripe (Fig. -31B, J +31B, J ); (iii) tergum X without postero-lateral projections (Fig. -32J +32J ); (iv) gill plates VII (in natural position from ventral view) narrow (Figs -31K +31K , -32H, I +32H, I ); (v) gill plates III with well-developed projection (Fig. -32G +32G ); (vi) setae on abdominal terga hair-like (Fig. -32E +32E ); (vii) denticles along posterior margin of tergum VII relatively short and poorly sclerotized (Fig. -32E +32E ). - -Remarks. - - -Morphology + +Remarks. + + +Morphology . Coloration of abdominal terga and sterna as in -E. (C.) znojkoi +E. (C.) znojkoi s.l. (Fig. -7N-P +7N-P ). - - -Taxonomy + + +Taxonomy . This species was described by -Braasch (1983) +Braasch (1983) based on imagines as a subspecies of -E. (C.) znojkoi +E. (C.) znojkoi . Elevated to species level in -Hrivniak et al. (2020b) +Hrivniak et al. (2020b) based on a phylogenetic analysis of all Caucasian -Epeorus (Caucasiron) +Epeorus (Caucasiron) species. The type series is currently deposited in SMNS. - - -Figure 30. + + +Figure 30. Geographical (left) and vertical (right) distribution of -Epeorus (Caucasiron) insularis +Epeorus (Caucasiron) insularis . - - -Figure 31. -Epeorus (Caucasiron) insularis + + +Figure 31. +Epeorus (Caucasiron) insularis , larva: -A +A habitus in dorsal view -B +B habitus in ventral view -C +C habitus in lateral view -D +D head of male in dorsal view -E +E head of female in dorsal view -F-H +F-H middle leg in dorsal view -I +I abdominal terga -J +J abdominal sterna II-VI -K +K gills VII (in natural position from ventral view). - - -Figure 32. -Epeorus (Caucasiron) insularis + + +Figure 32. +Epeorus (Caucasiron) insularis , larva: -A +A labrum (left half in dorsal view right half in ventral view) -B +B incisors of left mandible -C +C incisors of right mandible -D +D setae on dorsal surface of femora -E +E surface and posterior margin of abdominal tergum VII -F +F gill I -G +G gill III -H +H gill VII (flattened on slide) -I +I gill VII (in natural position from ventral view) -J +J abdominal segments VIII-X in lateral view -K +K sternum IX of female with observed variability. diff --git a/data/CE/B8/A4/CEB8A4B6F04F5575AC0AAE35F095C786.xml b/data/CE/B8/A4/CEB8A4B6F04F5575AC0AAE35F095C786.xml index 23755ae9c97..12d7c43c2eb 100644 --- a/data/CE/B8/A4/CEB8A4B6F04F5575AC0AAE35F095C786.xml +++ b/data/CE/B8/A4/CEB8A4B6F04F5575AC0AAE35F095C786.xml @@ -1,218 +1,218 @@ - - - -Identification guide to larvae of Caucasian Epeorus (Caucasiron) (Ephemeroptera, Heptageniidae) + + + +Identification guide to larvae of Caucasian Epeorus (Caucasiron) (Ephemeroptera, Heptageniidae) - - -Author + + +Author -Hrivniak, Ľubos -Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Branisovska 31, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic & Faculty of Sciences, University of South Bohemia, Branisovska 31, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic -lubos.hrivniak@gmail.com +Hrivniak, Ľubos +Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Branisovska 31, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic & Faculty of Sciences, University of South Bohemia, Branisovska 31, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic +lubos.hrivniak@gmail.com - - -Author + + +Author -Sroka, Pavel -Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Branisovska 31, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic -https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4367-6564 +Sroka, Pavel +Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Branisovska 31, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic +https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4367-6564 - - -Author + + +Author -Bojkova, Jindriska -Department of Botany and Zoology, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic +Bojkova, Jindriska +Department of Botany and Zoology, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic - - -Author + + +Author -Godunko, Roman J. -Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Branisovska 31, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic & Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Hydrobiology, University of Lodz, Banacha 12 / 16, 90237 Lodz, Poland -https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2196-3327 -godunko@seznam.cz +Godunko, Roman J. +Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Branisovska 31, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic & Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Hydrobiology, University of Lodz, Banacha 12 / 16, 90237 Lodz, Poland +https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2196-3327 +godunko@seznam.cz -text - - -ZooKeys +text + + +ZooKeys - -2020 - -986 + +2020 + +986 - -1 -53 + +1 +53 - -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.986.56276 + +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.986.56276 -journal article -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.986.56276 -1313-2970-986-1 -CDFA38CA1B6F424D85246B540E63E954 -2A3CD185EDDF52BDB0AD1E5DA924299B +journal article +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.986.56276 +1313-2970-986-1 +CDFA38CA1B6F424D85246B540E63E954 +2A3CD185EDDF52BDB0AD1E5DA924299B - - - -Epeorus (Caucasiron) soldani (Braasch, 1979) -Figs 18 -, 19 -, 20 + + + +Epeorus (Caucasiron) soldani (Braasch, 1979) +Figs 18 +, 19 +, 20 - - -Iron soldani + + +Iron soldani Braasch, 1979 - -Epeorus (Iron) soldani + +Epeorus (Iron) soldani (Braasch, 1979); in -Kluge (1988) +Kluge (1988) - -Epeorus (Caucasiron) soldani + +Epeorus (Caucasiron) soldani (Braasch, 1979); in -Kluge (1997b) +Kluge (1997b) - -Type locality. -Russia, The Karachay-Cherkess Republic, western Greater Caucasus, Teberda (Glacier Alibek - stream, 1800-1900 m a.s.l.). + +Type locality. +Russia, The Karachay-Cherkess Republic, western Greater Caucasus, Teberda (Glacier Alibek - stream, 1800-1900 m a.s.l.). - -Distribution. - + +Distribution. + Georgia, south-western Russia. Species endemic to the Greater Caucasus (Fig. -18 +18 ). - -Habitat. - + +Habitat. + Larvae inhabit small streams and rivers at middle and high altitudes in the western and central Greater Caucasus. Frequently found above 1000 m a.s.l. Altitudinal range of sampling sites 426-1900 m a.s.l. (Fig. -18 +18 ). Often syntopic with -E. (C.) alpestris +E. (C.) alpestris and -E. (C.) sinitshenkovae +E. (C.) sinitshenkovae . - -Main morphological diagnostics of larvae. - + +Main morphological diagnostics of larvae. + (i) abdominal terga V-VII with well-defined triangular medial maculae (Fig. -19H, I +19H, I ); (ii) abdominal sterna II-VI either without pattern or with indistinct pattern as on Fig. -19J, K +19J, K ; (iii) setae on abdominal terga wide at base (Fig. -20E +20E ); (iv) femora without medial hypodermal spot (Fig. -19F, G +19F, G ); (v) tergum X without postero-lateral projections (Fig. -20L +20L ); (vi) gill plates III with well-developed projection (Fig. -20G +20G ); (vii) gill plates VII (in natural position of ventral view) narrow (Figs -19L +19L ; -20H-K +20H-K ); (viii) denticles along posterior margin of tergum VII relatively sparse and triangular (Fig. -20E +20E ). - -Remarks. - - -Taxonomy + +Remarks. + + +Taxonomy . This species was described based on male imago and larva from the western Greater Caucasus ( -Braasch 1979 +Braasch 1979 ). The type series is currently deposited in SMNS. Larva associated with imago based on the coloration of abdomen. Female imago not described. The lineage - -Caucasiron + +Caucasiron sp. 7 detected by -Hrivniak et al. (2020b) +Hrivniak et al. (2020b) is distributed in Georgia and morphologically corresponds to -E. (C.) soldani +E. (C.) soldani . Therefore, -E. (C.) soldani +E. (C.) soldani may represent a species complex. - - -Figure 18. + + +Figure 18. Geographical (left) and vertical (right) distribution of -Epeorus (Caucasiron) soldani +Epeorus (Caucasiron) soldani . - - -Figure 19. -Epeorus (Caucasiron) soldani + + +Figure 19. +Epeorus (Caucasiron) soldani , larva: -A +A habitus in dorsal view -B +B habitus in ventral view -C +C habitus in lateral view -D +D head of male in dorsal view -E +E head of female in dorsal view -F, G +F, G middle leg in dorsal view -H, I +H, I abdominal terga -J, K +J, K abdominal sterna II-VI -L +L gills VII (in natural position from ventral view). - - -Figure 20. -Epeorus (Caucasiron) soldani + + +Figure 20. +Epeorus (Caucasiron) soldani , larva: -A +A labrum (left half in dorsal view right half in ventral view) -B +B incisors of left mandible -C +C incisors of right mandible -D +D setae on dorsal surface of femora -E +E surface and posterior margin of abdominal tergum VII with detail of basally wide seta -F +F gill I -G +G gill III -H +H gill VII (flattened on slide) -I-K +I-K gill VII (in natural position from ventral view) variability in shape -L +L abdominal segments VIII-X in lateral view -M +M sternum IX of female. diff --git a/data/D1/F9/8C/D1F98C555DDD5F8DAA9396C1A71D4118.xml b/data/D1/F9/8C/D1F98C555DDD5F8DAA9396C1A71D4118.xml index 12d164510bb..23885fac73e 100644 --- a/data/D1/F9/8C/D1F98C555DDD5F8DAA9396C1A71D4118.xml +++ b/data/D1/F9/8C/D1F98C555DDD5F8DAA9396C1A71D4118.xml @@ -1,208 +1,208 @@ - - - -Identification guide to larvae of Caucasian Epeorus (Caucasiron) (Ephemeroptera, Heptageniidae) + + + +Identification guide to larvae of Caucasian Epeorus (Caucasiron) (Ephemeroptera, Heptageniidae) - - -Author + + +Author -Hrivniak, Ľubos -Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Branisovska 31, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic & Faculty of Sciences, University of South Bohemia, Branisovska 31, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic -lubos.hrivniak@gmail.com +Hrivniak, Ľubos +Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Branisovska 31, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic & Faculty of Sciences, University of South Bohemia, Branisovska 31, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic +lubos.hrivniak@gmail.com - - -Author + + +Author -Sroka, Pavel -Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Branisovska 31, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic -https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4367-6564 +Sroka, Pavel +Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Branisovska 31, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic +https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4367-6564 - - -Author + + +Author -Bojkova, Jindriska -Department of Botany and Zoology, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic +Bojkova, Jindriska +Department of Botany and Zoology, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic - - -Author + + +Author -Godunko, Roman J. -Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Branisovska 31, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic & Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Hydrobiology, University of Lodz, Banacha 12 / 16, 90237 Lodz, Poland -https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2196-3327 -godunko@seznam.cz +Godunko, Roman J. +Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Branisovska 31, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic & Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Hydrobiology, University of Lodz, Banacha 12 / 16, 90237 Lodz, Poland +https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2196-3327 +godunko@seznam.cz -text - - -ZooKeys +text + + +ZooKeys - -2020 - -986 + +2020 + +986 - -1 -53 + +1 +53 - -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.986.56276 + +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.986.56276 -journal article -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.986.56276 -1313-2970-986-1 -CDFA38CA1B6F424D85246B540E63E954 -2A3CD185EDDF52BDB0AD1E5DA924299B +journal article +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.986.56276 +1313-2970-986-1 +CDFA38CA1B6F424D85246B540E63E954 +2A3CD185EDDF52BDB0AD1E5DA924299B - - - -Epeorus (Caucasiron) alpestris (Braasch, 1979) -Figs 15 -, 16 -, 17 + + + +Epeorus (Caucasiron) alpestris (Braasch, 1979) +Figs 15 +, 16 +, 17 - - -Iron alpestris + + +Iron alpestris Braasch, 1979 - -Epeorus (Iron) alpestris + +Epeorus (Iron) alpestris (Braasch, 1979); in -Kluge (1988) +Kluge (1988) - -Epeorus (Caucasiron) alpestris + +Epeorus (Caucasiron) alpestris (Braasch, 1979); in -Kluge (1997b) +Kluge (1997b) - -Type locality. -Russia, The Karachay-Cherkess Republic, western Greater Caucasus, Teberda (Glacier Alibek - stream, 1800-1900 m a.s.l.). + +Type locality. +Russia, The Karachay-Cherkess Republic, western Greater Caucasus, Teberda (Glacier Alibek - stream, 1800-1900 m a.s.l.). - -Distribution. - + +Distribution. + Georgia, south-western Russia. Species endemic to the Greater Caucasus (Fig. -15 +15 ). - -Habitat. - + +Habitat. + Larvae inhabit small streams and rivers at middle and high altitude in the western and central Greater Caucasus. Altitudinal range of sampling sites 570-2580 m a.s.l (Fig. -15 +15 ). Most frequently found at altitudes above 1200 m a.s.l. Often syntopic with -E. (C.) soldani +E. (C.) soldani and at higher altitude with -E. (C.) sinitshenkovae +E. (C.) sinitshenkovae . - -Main morphological diagnostics of larvae. - + +Main morphological diagnostics of larvae. + (i) abdominal terga V-VII with narrow stripe-like medial macula; widened on terga VIII-IX (Fig. -16G, H +16G, H , arrows); (ii) abdominal sterna II-VI with rounded medial macula (Fig. -16B, I +16B, I ); (iii) femora without medial hypodermal spot (Fig. -16F +16F ); (iv) tergum X without postero-lateral projections (Fig. -17L +17L ); (v) gill plates III with well-developed projection (Fig. -17G +17G ); (vi) setae on abdominal terga hair-like (Fig. -17E +17E ); (vii) dorsal surface of labrum with sparse hair-like setae (Fig. -17A +17A ); (viii) gill plates VII (in natural position of ventral view) wide (Figs -16J, K +16J, K , -17H-K +17H-K ). - -Remarks. - - -Taxonomy + +Remarks. + + +Taxonomy . This species was described based on the male imago and larva from western Greater Caucasus ( -Braasch 1979 +Braasch 1979 ). The type series is currently deposited in SMNS. Imagines and larvae were associated based on the coloration of abdomen. Female imago not described. - - -Figure 15. + + +Figure 15. Geographical (left) and vertical (right) distribution of -Epeorus (Caucasiron) alpestris +Epeorus (Caucasiron) alpestris . - - -Figure 16. -Epeorus (Caucasiron) alpestris + + +Figure 16. +Epeorus (Caucasiron) alpestris , larva: -A +A habitus in dorsal view -B +B habitus in ventral view -C +C habitus in lateral view -D +D head of male in dorsal view -E +E head of female in dorsal view -F +F middle leg in dorsal view -G, H +G, H abdominal terga (arrows point on widened medial maculae) -I +I abdominal sterna II-VI -J, K +J, K gills VII (in natural position from ventral view). - - -Figure 17. -Epeorus (Caucasiron) alpestris + + +Figure 17. +Epeorus (Caucasiron) alpestris , larva: -A +A labrum (left half in dorsal view right half in ventral view) -B +B incisors of left mandible -C +C incisors of right mandible -D +D setae on dorsal surface of femora -E +E surface and posterior margin of abdominal tergum VII -F +F gill I -G +G gill III -H +H gill VII (flattened on slide) -I-K +I-K gill VII (in natural position from ventral view) variability in shape -L +L abdominal segments VIII-X in lateral view -M +M sternum IX of female with observed variability. diff --git a/data/DF/62/BA/DF62BAFE06B45B61B5DFB04A171B6386.xml b/data/DF/62/BA/DF62BAFE06B45B61B5DFB04A171B6386.xml index e83edf984e0..9a0e8428a30 100644 --- a/data/DF/62/BA/DF62BAFE06B45B61B5DFB04A171B6386.xml +++ b/data/DF/62/BA/DF62BAFE06B45B61B5DFB04A171B6386.xml @@ -1,334 +1,334 @@ - - - -Identification guide to larvae of Caucasian Epeorus (Caucasiron) (Ephemeroptera, Heptageniidae) + + + +Identification guide to larvae of Caucasian Epeorus (Caucasiron) (Ephemeroptera, Heptageniidae) - - -Author + + +Author -Hrivniak, Ľubos -Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Branisovska 31, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic & Faculty of Sciences, University of South Bohemia, Branisovska 31, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic -lubos.hrivniak@gmail.com +Hrivniak, Ľubos +Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Branisovska 31, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic & Faculty of Sciences, University of South Bohemia, Branisovska 31, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic +lubos.hrivniak@gmail.com - - -Author + + +Author -Sroka, Pavel -Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Branisovska 31, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic -https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4367-6564 +Sroka, Pavel +Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Branisovska 31, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic +https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4367-6564 - - -Author + + +Author -Bojkova, Jindriska -Department of Botany and Zoology, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic +Bojkova, Jindriska +Department of Botany and Zoology, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic - - -Author + + +Author -Godunko, Roman J. -Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Branisovska 31, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic & Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Hydrobiology, University of Lodz, Banacha 12 / 16, 90237 Lodz, Poland -https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2196-3327 -godunko@seznam.cz +Godunko, Roman J. +Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Branisovska 31, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic & Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Hydrobiology, University of Lodz, Banacha 12 / 16, 90237 Lodz, Poland +https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2196-3327 +godunko@seznam.cz -text - - -ZooKeys +text + + +ZooKeys - -2020 - -986 + +2020 + +986 - -1 -53 + +1 +53 - -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.986.56276 + +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.986.56276 -journal article -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.986.56276 -1313-2970-986-1 -CDFA38CA1B6F424D85246B540E63E954 -2A3CD185EDDF52BDB0AD1E5DA924299B +journal article +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.986.56276 +1313-2970-986-1 +CDFA38CA1B6F424D85246B540E63E954 +2A3CD185EDDF52BDB0AD1E5DA924299B - - - -Epeorus (Caucasiron) znojkoi (Tshernova, 1938), sensu lato -Figs 6 -, 7 -, 8 + + + +Epeorus (Caucasiron) znojkoi (Tshernova, 1938), sensu lato +Figs 6 +, 7 +, 8 - - -Iron znojkoi + + +Iron znojkoi Tshernova, 1938 - -Epeorus (Iron) znojkoi + +Epeorus (Iron) znojkoi (Tshernova, 1938); in -Tshernova (1974) +Tshernova (1974) - -Iron caucasicus + +Iron caucasicus (Tshernova, 1938); in -Sinitshenkova (1976) +Sinitshenkova (1976) partim - -Iron znojkoi + +Iron znojkoi Tshernova, 1938; in -Sinitshenkova (1976) +Sinitshenkova (1976) partim - -Epeorus (Caucasiron) znojkoi + +Epeorus (Caucasiron) znojkoi (Tshernova, 1938); in -Kluge (1997b) +Kluge (1997b) - -Type locality. -Azerbaijan, Nakchivan Autonomous Republic, Giljan-tshaj (Gilljak) (2000-2100 m a.s.l.). + +Type locality. +Azerbaijan, Nakchivan Autonomous Republic, Giljan-tshaj (Gilljak) (2000-2100 m a.s.l.). - -Distribution. - + +Distribution. + Georgia, south-western Russia, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Turkey, northern Iran (Fig. -6 +6 ). The most widespread species in the Caucasus. - -Habitat. - + +Habitat. + Larvae inhabit streams and rivers of various sizes, from larger braided low altitude rivers to small streams at high altitude. Altitudinal range of sampling sites -6-2453 m a.s.l. (Fig. -6 +6 ). Most frequently found in low and middle altitudes. Often syntopic with -E. (C.) magnus +E. (C.) magnus . - -Main morphological diagnostics of larvae. - + +Main morphological diagnostics of larvae. + (i) abdominal terga II-IV with triangular medial macula and terga V-VII with T shaped medial macula (Fig. -7A, G-I +7A, G-I ); (ii) abdominal sterna intensively red or reddish (Fig. -7B, L, M +7B, L, M ), with a pair of reddish oblique stripes (Fig. -7K, a +7K, a ) and/or reddish medio-lateral stripes (Fig. -7K, b +7K, b ), or with reddish to brownish longitudinal stripe on all sterna or at least on sterna VIII and IX (Fig. -7N-P +7N-P ) (iii); tergum X with short postero-lateral projections (Fig. -8M +8M , arrow) or without postero-lateral projections (Fig. -8N +8N ); (iv) femora without medial hypodermal spot (Fig. -7F +7F ); (v) gill plates VII (in natural position from ventral view) wide (Figs -7J, L-P +7J, L-P , -8H-L +8H-L ); (vi) denticles along posterior margin of tergum VII strongly sclerotized and dense (Fig. -8E +8E ); (vii) gill plates III with well-developed projection (Fig. -8G +8G ); (viii) shape of head sharply trapezoidal in males (Fig. -7D +7D ). - -Remarks. - -Morphology. + +Remarks. + +Morphology. The reduction of reddish coloration of abdominal sterna observed particularly in specimens collected from Turkey (Fig. -7N +7N ) and northern Iran (Fig. -7O, P +7O, P ). Similar coloration pattern of sterna as present in -E. (C.) insularis +E. (C.) insularis (Fig. -31J +31J ). - - -Taxonomy + + +Taxonomy . This species was described based on male and female subimagines and imagines from the Nakchivan Autonomous Republic ( -Tshernova 1938 +Tshernova 1938 ). The type series is deposited in IZ ( -Kluge 1995 +Kluge 1995 ). The larva was described by -Sinitshenkova (1976) +Sinitshenkova (1976) based on material collected in Georgia, Russia (the central Greater Caucasus), Armenia and the type locality. Larvae were identified as species - -znojkoi + +znojkoi , based on the proximity of its type locality and the similarity of markings on abdominal terga. However, the description of larva is confusing, because the larva of -E. (C.) znojkoi +E. (C.) znojkoi was erroneously described under the name -E. (C.) caucasicus +E. (C.) caucasicus by -Sinitshenkova (1976) +Sinitshenkova (1976) (Braasch, 1980). Therefore, the larva described by -Sinitshenkova (1976) +Sinitshenkova (1976) as -E. (C.) znojkoi +E. (C.) znojkoi should belong to a different species. Its diagnostic characters correspond to those of -E. (C.) magnus +E. (C.) magnus that was later described by -Braasch (1978) +Braasch (1978) . These characters include: (i) body length: -Tshernova (1938) +Tshernova (1938) noted 9.5-12 mm for imagines of species -E. (C.) znojkoi +E. (C.) znojkoi ; contrary to -Sinitshenkova (1976) +Sinitshenkova (1976) who noted 14-19 mm for the larvae. Larvae of species - -magnus + +magnus exhibit 20-24 mm as described by -Braasch (1978) +Braasch (1978) ; (ii) shape of head: trapezoidal head with rounded edges as figured by -Sinitshenkova (1976) +Sinitshenkova (1976) is typical for -E. (C.) magnus +E. (C.) magnus (Fig. -10D, E +10D, E ), not to -E. (C.) znojkoi +E. (C.) znojkoi with more angular edges of head (Fig. -7D +7D ); (iii) setation of labrum: the shape of labrum and dense setae on its dorsal surface as figured by -Sinitshenkova (1976) +Sinitshenkova (1976) is characteristic for -E. (C.) magnus +E. (C.) magnus (Fig. -11A +11A ); (iv) coloration of abdominal sterna: an absence of coloration on abdominal sterna as described by -Sinitshenkova (1976) +Sinitshenkova (1976) is typical for -E. (C.) magnus +E. (C.) magnus (Fig. -10J +10J ); -E. (C.) znojkoi +E. (C.) znojkoi possess reddish sterna and gills. - - -Distribution + + +Distribution . -E. (C.) znojkoi +E. (C.) znojkoi is considered as a species complex containing several lineages ( -Hrivniak et al. 2020b +Hrivniak et al. 2020b ). They are distributed in the Pontic Mts. in Turkey ( - -Caucasiron + +Caucasiron sp. 5 in -Hrivniak et al. 2020b +Hrivniak et al. 2020b ), the Alborz Mts. in Iran ( - -Caucasiron + +Caucasiron sp. 4 in -Hrivniak et al. 2020b +Hrivniak et al. 2020b ), and the Lesser Caucasus in Georgian Adjara ( - -Caucasiron + +Caucasiron sp. 6 in -Hrivniak et al. 2020b +Hrivniak et al. 2020b ). The lineages are not formally described now and fall into the group -E. (C.) znojkoi +E. (C.) znojkoi s. l. in this identification guide. - - -Figure 6. + + +Figure 6. Geographical (left) and vertical (right) distribution of -Epeorus (Caucasiron) znojkoi +Epeorus (Caucasiron) znojkoi . - - -Figure 7. -Epeorus (Caucasiron) znojkoi + + +Figure 7. +Epeorus (Caucasiron) znojkoi , larva: -A +A habitus in dorsal view -B +B habitus in ventral view -C +C habitus in lateral view -D +D head of male in dorsal view -E +E head of female in dorsal view -F +F middle leg in dorsal view -G-I +G-I abdominal terga -J +J gills VII (in natural position from ventral view) -K +K abdominal sterna II-VI (a, position of oblique stripes b, position of medio-lateral stripes) -L-P +L-P abdominal sterna, variability in coloration pattern ( -L +L Georgia -M, O, P +M, O, P Iran -N +N Turkey). - - -Figure 8. -Epeorus (Caucasiron) znojkoi + + +Figure 8. +Epeorus (Caucasiron) znojkoi , larva: -A +A labrum (left half in dorsal view, right half in ventral view) -B +B incisors of left mandible -C +C incisors of right mandible -D +D setae on dorsal surface of femora -E +E surface and posterior margin of abdominal tergum VII and its variability -F +F gill I -G +G gill III -H +H gill VII (flattened on slide) -I-L +I-L gill VII (in natural position from ventral view), variability in shape -M, N +M, N abdominal segments VIII-X in lateral view (arrow points on postero-lateral projection) -O +O sternum IX of female with observed variability.