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<document id="AD225543AD0EBA0D95FD3716BAF0CFFA" ID-DOI="10.3897/phytokeys.249.127632" ID-publisher-id="127632" URI-arpha="98DC2235-BB0E-5C18-B24B-09E4917BE62A" XM.bibliography_approvedBy="admin" XM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="admin" article-type="research-article" checkinTime="1731422282862" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Zhang, Yong-Chao, Wei, Xiao-Xing, Qin, Yan, Liu, Yong, Zhang, Shu-Zhen, Jia, Zhi-Feng &amp; Liu, Wen-Hui" docDate="2024" docId="7199B7A4B75D5355AF0E71281A99F54B" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 249: 51-73" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 249" docSource="https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/127632/download/xml/" docStyle="DocumentStyle:PensoftTaxPub.0000.journal_article.phytokeys" docStyleName="PensoftTaxPub.0000.journal_article.phytokeys" docTitle="Elymus multiramosus Y. C. Zhang 2024, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" dtd-version="3.0" lastPageNumber="73" masterDocId="98DC2235BB0E5C18B24B09E4917BE62A" masterDocTitle="Elymus multiramosus (Poaceae), a new species from the north-western Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, China" masterLastPageNumber="73" masterPageNumber="51" pageNumber="51" updateTime="1731423354718" updateUser="admin">
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<mods:title id="E7D009C73A0ABCD4C4F18D4694569528">Elymus multiramosus (Poaceae), a new species from the north-western Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, China</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="4AE421B63C56036E6615C61694592037">Zhang, Yong-Chao</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="7921603AAF766952BAF3DA1844495253">Laboratory for Research and Utilization of Qinghai Tibetan Plateau Germplasm Resources, Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science of Qinghai University (Qinghai Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences), Academy of Animal and Veterinary Sciences of Qinghai University (Qinghai Academy of Animal and Veterinary Sciences), Xining 810000, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="E370D9F35839A9372016B7E498F638AF">Wei, Xiao-Xing</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="5D861056324646E821DC51CD6228A210">Qin, Yan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="47A131B6502DB984A505173E7B256B81">Liu, Yong</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="153693BC583962B700A717ED576A6C2A">Laboratory for Research and Utilization of Qinghai Tibetan Plateau Germplasm Resources, Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science of Qinghai University (Qinghai Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences), Academy of Animal and Veterinary Sciences of Qinghai University (Qinghai Academy of Animal and Veterinary Sciences), Xining 810000, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="ECE754715076DE00F06E3C17929B7CC4">Zhang, Shu-Zhen</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="902EA63101B58F00918881A3255602DD">Jia, Zhi-Feng</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D4FD6E2497111DFD3C57E2A5AD428A17">Liu, Wen-Hui</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="AE74641E980D90AA6F55BB799FDF82EF">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="391E3E56569661BFC6CA381747911D4D">249</mods:number>
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<subSubSection id="B454926B032AC612145A65DAC8393964" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="7BF800AE3023048BF243DD1CFF5FAA02">
<taxonomicName id="5010CB39EC478DC87FEF970878B49D1F" authority="Y. C. Zhang" authorityName="Y. C. Zhang" authorityYear="2024" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Elymus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="multiramosus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="081D055CAF1558500D6681A8EAFF7377" italics="true">Elymus multiramosus</emphasis>
Y. C. Zhang
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C1040AAB2F9E93B7CDBAFADC725FA6F9" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="79B306CDE59E6C92EAE909FF29D398C4" type="description">
<paragraph id="93B47AE8577685215440B1DCA7A81C93">
<figureCitation id="A36108201D247EF84FAF1D93061AA8E7" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Illumination of Elymus multiramosus Y. C. Zhang, sp. nov. A habit B compound spike C spikelet D primary branch E, F lemma G seed H base of plant with a fibrous root. Drawn by Yongchao Zhang." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.249.127632.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1172920">Figs 1</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="0242EDE223031D95983471A6D3603CCD" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. One holotype specimen of Elymus multiramosus (371720), collected and preserved at Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Museum of Biology (HNWP)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.249.127632.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1172921">2</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="33BA8EDB6BD41C1BEF927C161ABBE840" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Elymus multiramosus in the wild, the top left is the locality found; the top right and bottom left are the compound spikes; the bottom right is the stem and leaf. Photographs by Yongchao Zhang." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.249.127632.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1172922">3</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E4BB95DBE912652528D980C22834E651">
<heading id="B0894414B95577236AC341EE6E590FEB" reason="title">Type.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="59458645016B12272D31EBE9F4F60D95">
<materialsCitation id="9599098276BE2F1E3E251A047008F216" collectingDate="2020-10-10" collectionCode="HNWP" collectorName="Yong-Chao Zhang" country="China" county="Delhi City" elevation="3722" latitude="37.487167" location="Baishu Mountain" longLatPrecision="11" longitude="97.39083" municipality="Baishu Mountain" specimenCode="HNWP 371720" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Qinghai" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectingCountry id="99732685E89543EB4A4813DF954F785D" name="China">China</collectingCountry>
<collectingRegion id="91CFAF29407F625A14831E3591CE39AC" country="China" name="Qinghai">Qinghai</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCounty id="3E22031555F9EAC8DC513960F48BF2B1">Delhi City</collectingCounty>
,
<location id="8C88DEEFD6767E4EE219F1BF70C1BB92" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7199B7A4B75D5355AF0E71281A99F54B:8C88DEEFD6767E4EE219F1BF70C1BB92" country="China" county="Delhi City" latitude="37.487167" longLatPrecision="11" longitude="97.39083" municipality="Baishu Mountain" name="Baishu Mountain" stateProvince="Qinghai">Baishu Mountain</location>
.
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<geoCoordinate id="4C70D5587E3B44094CDA42E97ABC534F" degrees="37" direction="north" minutes="29.23" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="37.487167">37°29.23N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="66BF5898B27852C18EA91377AFCF1B21" degrees="97" direction="east" minutes="23.45" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="97.39083">97°23.45E</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<quantity id="5CC3BC2C392B51D3BD0D17E17B69B786" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.722" unit="m" value="3722.0">3722 m</quantity>
a. s. l.
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,
<date id="86969A6798A77E36D8F7CFE870E496C5" value="2020-10-10">
<collectingDate id="E22F7EBB904934214ACE1F5449526178" value="2020-10-10">10 October 2020</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<emphasis id="59FAB1B2A06E1BF7CA91C1F11E270A81" italics="true">
<collectorName id="0753E9B99C4E510102D9157F11050774">Yong-Chao Zhang</collectorName>
</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus id="9167B27F1E18BD652427634D780E0F7E" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
at Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Museum of Biology,
<specimenCode id="C011FF319B68F90A58690472ADF94F86" collectionCode="HNWP" country="China" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13773" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13773" name="Northwest Plateau Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences" type="Herbarium">HNWP 371720</specimenCode>
)
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.
</paragraph>
<caption id="7092F29952D00E3DEE43891E3519E0FD" ID-DOI="10.3897/phytokeys.249.127632.figure1" ID-arpha="0A7A3B31-B142-5248-BE98-3B94A82285A3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1172920" startId="F1">
<paragraph id="1FD476EF70742969445462B156CB054E">
<label id="5AB63168431974E09A6D8536E683445F">Figure 1.</label>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="796F325FB876D7387FCC7FAB207A92C2">
Illumination of
<taxonomicName id="1CD6B8764071163289A20CAF1389D2D1" authority="Y. C. Zhang" authorityName="Y. C. Zhang" authorityYear="2024" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Elymus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="multiramosus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="6176F6D3DFEE58DE0D99C556DF8CA2A3" italics="true">Elymus multiramosus</emphasis>
Y. C. Zhang
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="5A0EE082CC42D78B26CE523240968134" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<emphasis id="F5EF2530C309F82BBD4699214AC7E369" bold="true">A</emphasis>
habit
<emphasis id="42FDBE9A89A30B557F2C0D194D5419E8" bold="true">B</emphasis>
compound spike
<emphasis id="A294C65255E43E35EC98095CAFA1F9FF" bold="true">C</emphasis>
spikelet
<emphasis id="4A72050355C6D468784ECD297CEC548F" bold="true">D</emphasis>
primary branch
<emphasis id="BCBF45CB49FA9A517FEBC809398EE31E" bold="true">E, F</emphasis>
lemma
<emphasis id="0B60D9EFA6F6F85322A39A70715E0F16" bold="true">G</emphasis>
seed
<emphasis id="0C5F3BF6475E4D9EFB8ED92319FFDF0B" bold="true">H</emphasis>
base of plant with a fibrous root. Drawn by Yongchao Zhang.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EK6BI" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="76560DB1277E665BFE91048572A32FB8">
<heading id="6D92162DD15AB65E13EB4A92A276C600" reason="title">Diagnosis.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A4A36250CD08D37A2E626DC8101494BB">
Excluding the compound spike characteristic,
<taxonomicName id="03D5718F3A3B50A7611A43B575B353BA" authorityName="Y. C. Zhang" authorityYear="2024" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Elymus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="multiramosus">
<emphasis id="1EAFD34FFCA872E53DAA755C3A2F60F7" italics="true">Elymus multiramosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
shares notable similarities with
<taxonomicName id="415EFDACE786A0012783C7590127CC2E" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Elymus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sibiricus">
<emphasis id="6BA1D7D9ECA58041E14F62DE4A2B7572" italics="true">Elymus sibiricus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in several traits. Both species have 12 spikelets per node, comparable glume lengths and vein numbers and similar lemma awn lengths. Their leaf morphology is also quite alike, with glabrous sheaths and comparable leaf blade dimensions. Additionally, their culm heights overlap, as both species exhibit tufted, erect culms, further highlighting their morphological resemblance. Similarly,
<taxonomicName id="078C8F919CD043E184FD7DCEAB44D49F" authorityName="Y. C. Zhang" authorityYear="2024" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Elymus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="multiramosus">
<emphasis id="B7D7E6CCC9154141B607649DDC4F718C" italics="true">Elymus multiramosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
closely resembles
<taxonomicName id="DC5E6A2D29ACBB3D7DFFE4CC37131036" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Elymus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nutans">
<emphasis id="4752DB53232193F1238BC5FA22AF3DC1" italics="true">Elymus nutans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, especially in terms of spikelet number and glume features. Both species have 12 spikelets per node and nearly identical lemma awn lengths, though
<taxonomicName id="058C47AFECDFCBF0A0E431BC4931C3AC" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Elymus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nutans">
<emphasis id="C16C7D31F545F85D333F5DC428A8075F" italics="true">Elymus nutans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
tends to have slightly longer awns and an oblong-shaped glume (
<bibRefCitation id="CD7762D75BF7496CB04CE8D3748E16F7" DOI="10.1093/aob/mcm014" author="Hua" firstAuthor="Hua" issue="4" journalOrPublisher="Annals of Botany" pagination="785" refId="B10" refString="Hua P (2007) Flora of China, Volume 22: Poaceae. Annals of Botany 99 (4): 785. https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcm014" title="Flora of China, Volume 22: Poaceae." volume="99" year="2007">Hua 2007</bibRefCitation>
). Their leaf blades are also alike, being smooth or nearly smooth, with similar dimensions, further emphasising the parallels between these two species. Lastly,
<taxonomicName id="2878A98F0B9D8703D85EC76E2DA3A136" authority="var. dahuricus" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Elymus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="dahuricus" variety="dahuricus">
<emphasis id="897947EBE6A0EA133524E7A46B0F6917" italics="true">Elymus dahuricus var. dahuricus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="59641EEDA75BB71A3671B845E4BECDA7" authorityName="Y. C. Zhang" authorityYear="2024" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Elymus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="multiramosus">
<emphasis id="8FD0D2CF11028B40295F466B2EBE7CC6" italics="true">Elymus multiramosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
display significant similarity in leaf morphology. Both species have glabrous sheaths and flattened leaf blades with matching lengths and widths. Their culm height ranges overlap considerably and both have tufted, erect culms. Despite these similarities, the subtle differences in their overall structure allow for their differentiation.
</paragraph>
<caption id="03326D56AFCA96CD9AD0517724BDC3F3" ID-DOI="10.3897/phytokeys.249.127632.figure2" ID-arpha="45FD64D4-C26F-589F-B438-5B82F6B45A76" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1172921" startId="F2">
<paragraph id="C4783BCD9431CCD5A64D8CEE23434C56">
<label id="44E8FD69FB76B36F69E2A044855551E5">Figure 2.</label>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A176C1BA1014A3B70BF71B855DE81AF2">
One holotype specimen of
<taxonomicName id="94D5A6FF6CBE2BBA3A4EE54E432EACB8" authorityName="Y. C. Zhang" authorityYear="2024" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Elymus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="multiramosus">
<emphasis id="791CE0C7B77A265099EDFDE1C5FCC4DB" italics="true">Elymus multiramosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(371720), collected and preserved at Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Museum of Biology (HNWP).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="56B73B499A154E53C2B6F618399D4415">
<taxonomicName id="1F46A040A10BE8F3E300C25E799BCFD9">
<emphasis id="4E330E74B72B09F755363CCAD036CB1F" italics="true">Elymus</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
are characterised by their perennial, tufted growth, typically lacking rhizomes and erect culms, sometimes decumbent at the base, with leaf sheaths split to the base. The leaves are linear or lanceolate, either flat or rolled, with membranous, non-ciliate ligules. The inflorescence is a spike, either erect or nodding, with 12 laterally compressed spikelets per node, each containing 210 florets that disarticulate below the fertile floret at maturity. The glumes are linear-lanceolate with 19 veins, often awned, and the lemmas are 5 - veined, rounded on the back and typically awned at the apex. The caryopsis fruit adheres to both the lemma and palea (
<bibRefCitation id="36DD2A7BF7D9BDFAFAA7DF2234047270" DOI="10.1093/aob/mcm014" author="Hua" firstAuthor="Hua" issue="4" journalOrPublisher="Annals of Botany" pagination="785" refId="B10" refString="Hua P (2007) Flora of China, Volume 22: Poaceae. Annals of Botany 99 (4): 785. https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcm014" title="Flora of China, Volume 22: Poaceae." volume="99" year="2007">Hua 2007</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="D637E2D7EC91C07A48B6406D47A40897" ID-DOI="10.3897/phytokeys.249.127632.figure3" ID-arpha="601D964B-8850-53DE-9E4E-8F0C03A61EA3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1172922" startId="F3">
<paragraph id="AA1C13036E369881C701E39E2A0AF5DF">
<label id="C63B5422B6B814B84EBA9EF1491E38A2">Figure 3.</label>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A5C4B65EA9A413C90F1F043F7FCD6755">
<taxonomicName id="C9BABE48EC80124D2BD2123C35D0517A" authorityName="Y. C. Zhang" authorityYear="2024" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Elymus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="multiramosus">
<emphasis id="B78E2222C489D3D7D97C1AC68811372E" italics="true">Elymus multiramosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the wild, the top left is the locality found; the top right and bottom left are the compound spikes; the bottom right is the stem and leaf. Photographs by Yongchao Zhang.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="1F56989A112D232387AB1101E2AEAEEB">
The new species is similar to
<taxonomicName id="56CB9B97DEB6128B6C48E5A57EB00F91" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Elymus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="2904565515D098008C929D8CCD1F1037" italics="true">Elymus</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
but it can be easily distinguished from that species by its compound spike, which has 34 spikelets with extended rhachillas at the base nodes. These rhachillas become much longer from the top to the base of the compound spike (Figs
<figureCitation id="87C8146EB172E3CC82CA8CBFEAFE6867" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. The compound spike of Elymus multiramosus A C are three compound spikes from Elymus multiramosus and D F are compound spikes after seed threshing of the A C separately, the mini-spike-like branches can be seen." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.249.127632.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1172923">4</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="21B8BC377EAE90B8DA07E6DB249A46ED" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Details of compound spike of Elymus multiramosus during the flowering stage A spikelet B flower C, D stamens, pistil, anthers E anther F pollen, stigmas." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.249.127632.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1172925">6</figureCitation>
). The glumes of
<taxonomicName id="8E250BF219B72E9D5097ED06D92327EA" authorityName="Y. C. Zhang" authorityYear="2024" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Elymus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="multiramosus">
<emphasis id="C193F910E611116CC41BF4189830F22C" italics="true">Elymus multiramosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are noticeably shorter than the first floret. The awns at the lemma apex range in length from
<quantity id="5B64AC205278C43B134D6F1921BFD045" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="0.9" unit="mm" value="10.5" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="9.0">9 to 12 mm</quantity>
, surpassing the length of the lemma body.
<taxonomicName id="9616E0EF46C8BE3C26E920883EC41CC2" authorityName="Y. C. Zhang" authorityYear="2024" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Elymus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="multiramosus">
<emphasis id="E1DD09B576E56A2C5FC5C05ED022D672" italics="true">Elymus multiramosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is distinguished by stouter plants and longer inflorescences, which measure
<quantity id="555829C20021A034E37E9EAC38AFBC6A" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" metricValueMax="1.9" metricValueMin="1.7" unit="cm" value="18.0" valueMax="19.0" valueMin="17.0">17 to 19 cm</quantity>
, with spikelets primarily arranged on one side of the rachis. The glume apices are awn-tipped and the glumes themselves are lanceolate, exceeding the length of those in
<taxonomicName id="4EFB428473042C29328B9936894B1533" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Elymus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nutans">
<emphasis id="CD56FA279959077EE223B372F74A0C2B" italics="true">Elymus nutans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by
<quantity id="DB5E9DA3FC03880AB68F6E03CAFEB2AE" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="4.0" unit="mm" value="5.5" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="4.0">4 to 7 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="F146DFE97704B4F0B74023F35769A32B" ID-DOI="10.3897/phytokeys.249.127632.figure4" ID-arpha="06678548-3EFE-5B64-AC31-6884F517E72E" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1172923" startId="F4">
<paragraph id="9A08B89B43EC52A7269192F5721395B6">
<label id="8C589D8E1CA1FB3F75D4D891EBA72770">Figure 4.</label>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DFDA49D4D707ECDA7D88F1D91535CCF6">
The compound spike of
<taxonomicName id="6A966DD9E53E56D1D75897FBBEB8AB11" authorityName="Y. C. Zhang" authorityYear="2024" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Elymus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="multiramosus">
<emphasis id="AF928D1D1C12804A2BD3EBBFDDAD90DD" italics="true">Elymus multiramosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="BE6AE11D189AB9F28B64B599AB553113" bold="true">A C</emphasis>
are three compound spikes from
<taxonomicName id="77DC31FB6EB6EA9BE5E85C42D98447CF" authorityName="Y. C. Zhang" authorityYear="2024" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Elymus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="multiramosus">
<emphasis id="299B2E596578B0FA64A3930B60E8D28A" italics="true">Elymus multiramosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<emphasis id="7AB39E2D5F93A4F08BF3DBD134EC38FB" bold="true">D F</emphasis>
are compound spikes after seed threshing of the
<emphasis id="E6F39E395F47DE24260A90F369D1CB47" bold="true">A C</emphasis>
separately, the mini-spike-like branches can be seen.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="3F7F9F0BEFE14043358213D0AF046F67" ID-DOI="10.3897/phytokeys.249.127632.figure5" ID-arpha="43621F3E-59AF-57CC-BFC2-704191E728D8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1172924" startId="F5">
<paragraph id="5CBAE4DE80137C018809B873B1C47DEE">
<label id="709AECAC56AA35B68F530BB85A189AD1">Figure 5.</label>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="46C1C0110B193A624447DADDED594B4B">
Detail spikelet of
<taxonomicName id="56CDE3D3C89DBBE84A1B9FD0E0F2C149" authorityName="Y. C. Zhang" authorityYear="2024" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Elymus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="multiramosus">
<emphasis id="F21A9C7A4036A250A0830C63C128FCEF" italics="true">Elymus multiramosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
during the mature stage
<emphasis id="6B66F26F53B64BF19E8CDF343A4C4E09" bold="true">A</emphasis>
part of compound spike with a branch
<emphasis id="0CB68C6295116EE24F8321DAED16FB68" bold="true">B</emphasis>
branch
<emphasis id="6C3E823DE05BE0F50DF22933F5507654" bold="true">C</emphasis>
spikelet
<emphasis id="013515B72666AA2B9D95F1A624B837C2" bold="true">D</emphasis>
lemma
<emphasis id="59E37105C305BFF10744CE5DA7FF0142" bold="true">E</emphasis>
glumelle
<emphasis id="96646ED32CE0F0AF5DC85618D3887942" bold="true">F</emphasis>
seed back
<emphasis id="21346A0B60A7A5D10AF1A24E66EE157A" bold="true">G</emphasis>
seed ventral
<emphasis id="169261448E0DDC7F6C7039F2AE892E23" bold="true">H</emphasis>
glume ventral
<emphasis id="6A97443F0D1B36CB36515A987C1A68F5" bold="true">I</emphasis>
glume back
<emphasis id="F2E08A3B83C4F15DD603D1E8E9EAAC6E" bold="true">J</emphasis>
glume awn and vein.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="6B45494BF57744F1984CA7EFFDAA6F61" ID-DOI="10.3897/phytokeys.249.127632.figure6" ID-arpha="03A20E74-DF58-50E4-893E-71AAD22803B9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1172925" startId="F6">
<paragraph id="B5913015968C6F11208DC16E61D2047B">
<label id="7D45C4CDA11AD08EC24D32D1CBAA69DD">Figure 6.</label>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="159F2BCA965B7EB29A1DF706294AAAF8">
Details of compound spike of
<taxonomicName id="A58904782363CD6D17B3DF219D410700" authorityName="Y. C. Zhang" authorityYear="2024" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Elymus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="multiramosus">
<emphasis id="4D2C557E98FDF0291537C75786794D11" italics="true">Elymus multiramosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
during the flowering stage
<emphasis id="9139C17997824888C29A344B99256DF6" bold="true">A</emphasis>
spikelet
<emphasis id="3C62BEAE3929A4AD29B057693664D1C8" bold="true">B</emphasis>
flower
<emphasis id="12603F1CD4535137B826196D7455D792" bold="true">C, D</emphasis>
stamens, pistil, anthers
<emphasis id="F944F711B2BBDBC432FA4002CCDC7902" bold="true">E</emphasis>
anther
<emphasis id="0EE89A7B45251A34A131F7DA0A8442DC" bold="true">F</emphasis>
pollen, stigmas.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0E3JCI" type="description">
<paragraph id="5E669668943AED65ED8EF2C19890E053">
<heading id="DE5A59CEE3E6751CCEBDF143CBDEAA43" reason="title">Description.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="677AACB320FC5D6B63AC9DB2778CEFC3">
Culms are usually erect, sometimes slightly decumbent at base,
<quantity id="116AC5086EC8E0DA99334B61F2F495E6" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.85" metricValueMax="9.5" metricValueMin="8.2" unit="cm" value="88.5" valueMax="95.0" valueMin="82.0">8295 cm</quantity>
tall. Leaf-sheath glabrous; leaf blade flat, 1822 ×
<quantity id="3E914D46D5C8E609438912ABEBDE255C" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="5.0" unit="cm" value="0.6" valueMax="0.7" valueMin="0.5">0.50.7 cm</quantity>
, glabrous or adaxial surface slightly pubescent. Compound spike pendulous, slightly lax,
<quantity id="70BA06E4459D2CC2A280127B1FF8BD44" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" metricValueMax="1.9" metricValueMin="1.7" unit="cm" value="18.0" valueMax="19.0" valueMin="17.0">1719 cm</quantity>
; rachis margin scabrous, no ciliolate, rachis knot dilated. Compound spike includes a clear main shoot axis and a series of lateral branches produced by the main shoot. Flower formed from the top of the main axis and primary branches from the base to the middle of the main axis.
<collectionCode id="630A455912231C8440B188AC3F2068EE" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode>
total of 36 primary branches are formed in the main axis,
<quantity id="6B23C8DD307D3824EB035FFC6DF09A01" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="2.0" unit="cm" value="3.0" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="2.0">24 cm</quantity>
length. Each primary branch has 37 nodes. Spikelet usually 2 per node, with 2 or 3 florets. Glumes lanceolate,
<quantity id="888A1F39519D241FA05D7F76D0197DDD" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="4.0" unit="mm" value="5.5" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="4.0">47 mm</quantity>
, 3 - veined, glabrous, scabrous along veins, apex with awn
<quantity id="EDFBB2348C4CE9E4D1EA0DB051CE70BD" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.85" metricValueMax="2.2" metricValueMin="1.5" unit="mm" value="1.85" valueMax="2.2" valueMin="1.5">1.52.2 mm</quantity>
. Lemma lanceolate, 3 - veined, obscurely at the base, scabrous or puberulent at the apex and edge; first lemma
<quantity id="54CD15F2AE879FAA13C06503E1FAF570" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="7.0" unit="mm" value="8.5" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="7.0">710 mm</quantity>
; awn
<quantity id="4CE840318F9FA2C63E6D76318B872125" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="0.9" unit="mm" value="10.5" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="9.0">912 mm</quantity>
. Palea equalling lemma, ciliolate along keels, puberulent between keels.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EBKCI" type="phenology">
<paragraph id="3CB27683A4561A2459D4FFC97501CCA5">
<heading id="289BF308E812092B1DF426ACC667C227" reason="title">Phenology.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD190D6795F1AD610F12AD9EE4AA590D">
<taxonomicName id="D57DE19EEAC2256316E684C3A1941725" authorityName="Y. C. Zhang" authorityYear="2024" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Elymus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="multiramosus">
<emphasis id="3E0A6BC8EED03BA3CD1442D62366E2A8" italics="true">Elymus multiramosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
flowers in early September and bears fruit in early October.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0ESKCI" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="2C5FFD90254AC8AA01F6D5AEA0C4DF36">
<heading id="2F2160AB28AF878812CB08F237632BC8" reason="title">Etymology.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5CF389AD23D3909DEAACACE9AB6920EC">
The specific epithet
<taxonomicName id="0040B1B4C2709124A93F97942C4ECBA2" authorityName="Y. C. Zhang" authorityYear="2024" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Elymus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="multiramosus">
<emphasis id="ECBDF0B27E4ABC9D7C19C8281CF76B74" italics="true">multiramosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a compound of the Latin words multi meaning many and ramosus meaning branches to indicate a specific type of inflorescence.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EBLCI" type="Vernacular name">
<paragraph id="14D713B85EA4D616D9D6C08ABA534910">
<heading id="3F9CEC5622E31738E18F6431E09AF4A5" reason="title">Vernacular name.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="72A7A324F777C3E98A6F4CA3FDA1DDC6">Duō Zhī Pī Jiǎn Cǎo (Chinese pronunciation); 多支披碱草 (Chinese name).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EGLCI" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="A08B4C72D146CEE220D1A017FA466FC0">
<heading id="1CBCEA7B3C080CA2194676B1426344F1" reason="title">Distribution and habitat.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F872EB700CFE332972D891047AF076C7">
The species is presently known only from a small area of Delingha City, west of
<collectingRegion id="AC0954DE1483276E1BC59DD111CA029E" country="China" name="Qinghai">Qinghai Province</collectingRegion>
(
<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0EPLCI" specific-use="{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;Point&quot;,&quot;coordinates&quot;:[97.390833,37.487222]}">
<geoCoordinate id="D3C69D241B640F8FE239ED111C3A815B" degrees="37" direction="north" minutes="29" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="14" value="37.48722">37°2914&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="A380D50251608AA4A17067845BB31287" degrees="97" direction="east" minutes="23" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="27" value="97.39083">97°2327&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
</named-content>
). It grows on a dry rocky area of alpine, at an elevation of
<quantity id="B6615B3963AA68EC125A91C45885AA93" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.722" unit="m" value="3722.0">3722 m</quantity>
a. s. l. Other plants in the vicinity of the plant include
<taxonomicName id="8C06E57A6316F467F35E318E81D30C8F" authority="Kom." authorityName="Kom." class="Pinopsida" family="Cupressaceae" genus="Juniperus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="przewalskii">
<emphasis id="44ABF1EDCA5DC030119F0A0A66523977" italics="true">Juniperus przewalskii</emphasis>
Kom.
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="59B466E088BFBA0A3B1F394550435250" authority="J. Gaert." authorityName="J. Gaert." class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Agropyron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cristatum">
<emphasis id="120DBFD0F4B8D31EDE84D28CA75D2CD6" italics="true">Agropyron cristatum</emphasis>
J. Gaert.
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="551137D6AB866C4940C2D67C188DFC9C" authority="Franchet" authorityName="Franchet" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Elymus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="dahuricus" variety="cylindricus">
<emphasis id="D95C2B04436F31820330CAC057A06B2B" italics="true">Elymus dahuricus</emphasis>
Turcz.
<emphasis id="2DF4BA599FB752D5DEDC610BC9F74815" italics="true">var. cylindricus</emphasis>
Franchet
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="426C0257ED934A7336B98915B134CA4D" authority="(Trin.) M. Nobis, P. D. Gudkova &amp; A. Nowak" authorityName="M. Nobis, P. D. Gudkova &amp; A. Nowak" baseAuthorityName="Trin." class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Neotrinia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="splendens">
<emphasis id="244DC758B558841EC9211A56F958D0E4" italics="true">Neotrinia splendens</emphasis>
(Trin.) M. Nobis, P. D. Gudkova &amp; A. Nowak
</taxonomicName>
etc.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>