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<document id="AC2E8996E1DFE668DAE2FB808C6F19AA" ID-DOI="10.30550/j.azl/1990" ID-ISSN="1852-6098" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14656453" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.metadata_approvedBy="juliana" IM.tables_approvedBy="juliana" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="juliana" checkinTime="1736961321463" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Cubas-Rodríguez, Alex M., Brown, Tom W. &amp; Sherwood, Danniella" docDate="2024" docId="03D5FD0D4B0DD47A0C6EF9ECD017ECAE" docLanguage="en" docName="ActaZoolLilloana.68.2.411-421.pdf" docOrigin="Acta Zoológica Lilloana 68 (2)" docSource="https://doi.org/10.30550/j.azl/1990" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5D9409CB55F5817827AF2BDA056BD30D.2:ActaZoolLillo.2021-.journal_article" docStyleId="5D9409CB55F5817827AF2BDA056BD30D" docStyleName="ActaZoolLillo.2021-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Ummidia sukuhpaya Cubas-Rodríguez, Brown &amp; Sherwood, 2024, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="419" masterDocId="FFEC85754B0FD4730E3CFF8CD207ED0E" masterDocTitle="A new species of Ummidia Thorell, 1875, from Útila Island, Honduras (Araneae: Halonoproctidae)" masterLastPageNumber="421" masterPageNumber="411" pageNumber="413" updateTime="1741609099454" updateUser="juliana" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-ND-4.0">
<mods:mods id="4AC05BD6F1A862EB270165FA6534AA58" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="94A3D4D9DB37FCA4347867C625D4D953">
<mods:title id="A914FEAED59E8833356997E69AC07CA4">A new species of Ummidia Thorell, 1875, from Útila Island, Honduras (Araneae: Halonoproctidae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="29D190F77EF85F9FB4689ACBD5E03A37" type="personal">
<mods:role id="D83896FFCCCE18490B3722C335AC44E2">
<mods:roleTerm id="4AFB209D27D45BA89BB7A2942874E735">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="0D9983E2AC9E506355C0469B43F19A89">Cubas-Rodríguez, Alex M.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="A9B5280FF79B27316A96738F94503D2C">Museo de Entomología, Escuela de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras, Departamento Francisco Morazán, Tegucigalpa 11101, Honduras. &amp; Kanahau Útila Research &amp; Conservation Facility, Isla de Útila, Islas de la Bahía, 34201, Honduras.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="63F8FF2B0F5D2D0C32EC57B9A186C4E1" type="email">alexmcubas@gmail.com&amp;tom@kanahau.org</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="641A339CA5B4B5AD633FF6A5DCD5114B" type="personal">
<mods:role id="A4EBE6AAAF0C66BB02EDF658FB9A9BAF">
<mods:roleTerm id="F336BADEED9264642685D4723DCAC4BD">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="B08ABC04B4ABF3CDD804CB1F6ABE0AF9">Brown, Tom W.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="5C116C05BB2252E196F3740EC54ED005">Kanahau Útila Research &amp; Conservation Facility, Isla de Útila, Islas de la Bahía, 34201, Honduras.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="2773F187E493A1CAEB0D273D3A1B48E4" type="email">tom@kanahau.org</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="60D5B715F7624CF37950AC85F36FD44C" type="personal">
<mods:role id="C8F0AA30B9F3F68F0E095B54A2B59BE2">
<mods:roleTerm id="AC5566147FCC1E47129CBA851264390B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="484CD020E051C9E42FF941020E8F2FD2">Sherwood, Danniella</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="3F1CF7626A2C70FE1793F665CD43540D">Arachnology Research Association, 124 City Road, London, EC 1 V 2 NX, United Kingdom &amp; Fundación Ariguanabo, 4111, Calle 58, e / ave. 41 y ave. 43, San Antonio de los Baños, Provincia Artemisa c. p. 18100, Cuba.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="4F4DFC685D1887DCB718512F3237E7C7" type="email">danni.sherwood@hotmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="B45DAC3F27852FA4AE39981033BB70C4">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="317D0CAC3D2DA5B6F6D3A14ACBF9ADDD">Acta Zoológica Lilloana</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="66C1B100F210990A0D0843034605F114">
<mods:date id="8AB8CB319A8D5FAA527C29540B3AE4A4">2024</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="11DED9384A88B044241344321A396DE6" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="57F70E7A465EB041909B77F01DA0B8BA">2024-12-07</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="6A94BA5A21BFCEAAAB9A89DE81671C47" type="volume">
<mods:number id="59F64E9697980E097682DAE48E0DD4C5">68</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="423BC1059E8952AF084EA65AB4682642" type="issue">
<mods:number id="79D291B6A37DC842A80B395A87EF3AA9">2</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="91836C2533D385224FF10A76ED1C0593" unit="page">
<mods:start id="8D8A914770A259A6CAA0D0C1CB94868D">411</mods:start>
<mods:end id="DB66C54EA6C15E81E81EF952D415E402">421</mods:end>
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</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location id="19C57F2C097F58F9DAFA4BFC6F28A8DA">
<mods:url id="97DEB19FA00C1E051DFDC5C3BCFA06BA">https://doi.org/10.30550/j.azl/1990</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification id="E130DD75D54D8F5A805E4211F743E5DF">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="890DECB64AAC2EB6CB98A4046546BAD2" type="DOI">10.30550/j.azl/1990</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="7718FBDAAF7FAAFB94BAD37FF3EAF254" type="ISSN">1852-6098</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="81D95B52BAA0C350677EF2EAA58F7B84" type="Zenodo-Dep">14656453</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="03D5FD0D4B0DD47A0C6EF9ECD017ECAE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D5FD0D4B0DD47A0C6EF9ECD017ECAE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D5FD0D4B0DD47A0C6EF9ECD017ECAE" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="419" pageId="2" pageNumber="413">
<subSubSection id="C3661F904B0DD4710C6EF9ECD1E6EB73" box="[594,993,1632,1661]" pageId="2" pageNumber="413" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BC34C1B4B0DD4710C6EF9ECD1E6EB73" blockId="2.[591,997,1512,1661]" box="[594,993,1632,1661]" pageId="2" pageNumber="413">
<emphasis id="B90890094B0DD4710C6EF9ECD1E6EB73" bold="true" box="[594,993,1632,1661]" pageId="2" pageNumber="413">
<taxonomicName id="4C7C37984B0DD4710C6EF9ECD177EB73" authorityName="Cubas-Rodríguez &amp; Brown &amp; Sherwood" authorityYear="2024" box="[594,880,1632,1661]" class="Arachnida" family="Halonoproctidae" genus="Ummidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="413" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sukuhpaya" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B90890094B0DD4710C6EF9ECD177EB73" bold="true" box="[594,880,1632,1661]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="413">Ummidia sukuhpaya</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23B2D724B0DD4710D44F9EDD1E6EB73" box="[888,993,1633,1661]" pageId="2" pageNumber="413" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3661F904B0DD4710F12F913D651EA52" pageId="2" pageNumber="413" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BC34C1B4B0DD4710F12F913D651EA52" blockId="2.[302,1286,1692,1884]" pageId="2" pageNumber="413">
<emphasis id="B90890094B0DD4710F12F913D3E8EBB2" bold="true" box="[302,495,1695,1724]" pageId="2" pageNumber="413">Type material</emphasis>
.—
<materialsCitation id="3B1446464B0DD4710C1CF913D133EA02" collectingDate="2018-03-17" collectionCode="IBSP" collectorName="T. W. Brown" country="Iceland" county="Islas de la Bahia" location="Brandon Hill" municipality="Pumpkin Hill" pageId="2" pageNumber="413" specimenCode="IBSP 345210" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Isla de Utila" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="54C7F2B94B0DD4710C1CF913D09BEBB2" box="[544,668,1695,1724]" pageId="2" pageNumber="413" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
<emphasis id="B90890094B0DD4710C9BF910D0B9EBB0" bold="true" box="[679,702,1692,1726]" pageId="2" pageNumber="413">
<specimenCount id="9D7A87924B0DD4710C9BF910D0B9EBB0" box="[679,702,1692,1726]" pageId="2" pageNumber="413" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
</emphasis>
(
<specimenCode id="DBDAE4604B0DD4710CF2F913D186EBB2" box="[718,897,1694,1724]" pageId="2" pageNumber="413">IBSP 345210</specimenCode>
), found in the vicinity of the
<location id="8EA31AC04B0DD4710F12F94BD3E2EBEA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D5FD0D4B0DD47A0C6EF9ECD017ECAE:8EA31AC04B0DD4710F12F94BD3E2EBEA" box="[302,485,1735,1764]" country="Iceland" county="Islas de la Bahia" municipality="Pumpkin Hill" name="Brandon Hill" pageId="2" pageNumber="413" stateProvince="Isla de Utila">Brandon Hill</location>
bat cave, region of
<collectingMunicipality id="6BA7D6614B0DD4710CCFF94BD1B3EBEA" box="[755,948,1735,1764]" pageId="2" pageNumber="413">Pumpkin Hill</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingRegion id="49B882F94B0DD4710DF8F94BD668EBEA" box="[964,1135,1734,1764]" pageId="2" pageNumber="413">Isla de Útila</collectingRegion>
,
<location id="8EA31AC04B0DD4710A42F94BD37BEA02" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D5FD0D4B0DD47A0C6EF9ECD017ECAE:8EA31AC04B0DD4710A42F94BD37BEA02" country="Iceland" county="Islas de la Bahia" municipality="Pumpkin Hill" name="Islas de la Bahia" pageId="2" pageNumber="413" stateProvince="Isla de Utila">Islas de la Bahía</location>
,
<date id="FFC26ADB4B0DD4710FB5F963D049EA02" box="[393,590,1775,1804]" pageId="2" pageNumber="413" value="2018-03-17">
<collectingDate id="EF8693334B0DD4710FB5F963D049EA02" box="[393,590,1775,1804]" pageId="2" pageNumber="413" value="2018-03-17">17 March 2018</collectingDate>
</date>
, leg.
<collectorName id="268929CD4B0DD4710CB3F97CD128EA02" box="[655,815,1776,1804]" pageId="2" pageNumber="413">T.W. Brown</collectorName>
;
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B1446464B0DD4710D07F97CD651EA52" collectingDate="2018-03-17" collectionCode="IBSP" collectorName="A. M. Cubas-Rodriguez &amp; T. W Brown." country="Iceland" county="Islas de la Bahia" location="Pumpkin Hill" municipality="Pumpkin Hill" pageId="2" pageNumber="413" specimenCode="IBSP 345211" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Isla de Utila" typeStatus="paratype">
<typeStatus id="54C7F2B94B0DD4710D07F97CD1ACEA02" box="[827,939,1776,1804]" pageId="2" pageNumber="413" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
<emphasis id="B90890094B0DD4710D8FF965D1CEEA05" bold="true" box="[947,969,1769,1803]" pageId="2" pageNumber="413">
<specimenCount id="9D7A87924B0DD4710D8FF965D1CEEA05" box="[947,969,1769,1803]" pageId="2" pageNumber="413" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
</emphasis>
(
<specimenCode id="DBDAE4604B0DD4710DE5F963D683EA02" box="[985,1156,1774,1804]" pageId="2" pageNumber="413">IBSP 345211</specimenCode>
) found in the vicinity of the bat cave,
<location id="8EA31AC04B0DD4710C9FF89BD165EA3A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D5FD0D4B0DD47A0C6EF9ECD017ECAE:8EA31AC04B0DD4710C9FF89BD165EA3A" box="[675,866,1815,1844]" country="Iceland" county="Islas de la Bahia" municipality="Pumpkin Hill" name="Pumpkin Hill" pageId="2" pageNumber="413" stateProvince="Isla de Utila">Pumpkin Hill</location>
,
<collectingRegion id="49B882F94B0DD4710D4CF89BD611EA3A" box="[880,1046,1814,1844]" pageId="2" pageNumber="413">Isla de Útila</collectingRegion>
,
<location id="8EA31AC04B0DD4710A18F89BD706EA3A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D5FD0D4B0DD47A0C6EF9ECD017ECAE:8EA31AC04B0DD4710A18F89BD706EA3A" box="[1060,1281,1815,1844]" country="Iceland" county="Islas de la Bahia" municipality="Pumpkin Hill" name="Islas de la Bahia" pageId="2" pageNumber="413" stateProvince="Isla de Utila">Islas de la Bahía</location>
,
<date id="FFC26ADB4B0DD4710F12F8B3D3FFEA52" box="[302,504,1855,1884]" pageId="2" pageNumber="413" value="2018-03-17">
<collectingDate id="EF8693334B0DD4710F12F8B3D3FFEA52" box="[302,504,1855,1884]" pageId="2" pageNumber="413" value="2018-03-17">17 March 2018</collectingDate>
</date>
, leg.
<collectorName id="268929CD4B0DD4710C01F8B3D177EA52" box="[573,880,1855,1884]" pageId="2" pageNumber="413">A.M. Cubas-Rodríguez</collectorName>
and
<collectorName id="268929CD4B0DD4710D8FF8CCD651EA52" box="[947,1110,1856,1884]" pageId="2" pageNumber="413">T.W Brown.</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3661F904B0DD4700F12F8F1D100EA8F" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="414" pageId="2" pageNumber="413" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BC34C1B4B0DD4700F12F8F1D100EA8F" blockId="2.[302,1286,1917,2067]" lastBlockId="3.[302,1286,1492,1921]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="414" pageId="2" pageNumber="413">
<emphasis id="B90890094B0DD4710F12F8F1D3BDEA94" bold="true" box="[302,442,1917,1946]" pageId="2" pageNumber="413">Diagnosis</emphasis>
.— Males of
<emphasis id="B90890094B0DD4710C58F8F1D1DEEA94" bold="true" box="[612,985,1917,1946]" pageId="2" pageNumber="413">
<taxonomicName id="4C7C37984B0DD4710C58F8F1D16FEA94" authorityName="Cubas-Rodríguez &amp; Brown &amp; Sherwood" authorityYear="2024" box="[612,872,1917,1946]" class="Arachnida" family="Halonoproctidae" genus="Ummidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="413" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sukuhpaya" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B90890094B0DD4710C58F8F1D16FEA94" bold="true" box="[612,872,1917,1946]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="413">Ummidia sukuhpaya</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23B2D724B0DD4710D4DF8F2D1DEEA94" box="[881,985,1918,1946]" pageId="2" pageNumber="413" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
most closely resemble
<taxonomicName id="4C7C37984B0DD4710F12F829D03DEACC" authorityName="Godwin and Bond" authorityYear="2021" box="[302,570,1957,1986]" class="Arachnida" family="Halonoproctidae" genus="Ummidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="413" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hondurena">
<emphasis id="B90890094B0DD4710F12F829D03DEACC" bold="true" box="[302,570,1957,1986]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="413">Ummidia hondurena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but differ by the presence of a single spine on the prolateral face of patella I (6 spines in
<taxonomicName id="4C7C37984B0DD4710D0CF842D1DEEAE4" authorityName="Godwin and Bond" authorityYear="2021" box="[816,985,1997,2026]" class="Arachnida" family="Halonoproctidae" genus="Ummidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="413" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hondurena">
<emphasis id="B90890094B0DD4710D0CF842D1DEEAE4" bold="true" box="[816,985,1997,2026]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="413">U. hondurena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), 17 spines on the retrolateral face of metatarsus I (9 spines in
<taxonomicName id="4C7C37984B0DD4710D5CF87AD60CE51C" authorityName="Godwin and Bond" authorityYear="2021" box="[864,1035,2037,2066]" class="Arachnida" family="Halonoproctidae" genus="Ummidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="413" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hondurena">
<emphasis id="B90890094B0DD4710D5CF87AD60CE51C" bold="true" box="[864,1035,2037,2066]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="413">U. hondurena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), 22 spines on the prolateral face of tibia I (
<quantity id="4C84E1FE4B0CD4700C4BFA58D0BBE8FF" box="[631,700,1492,1521]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.604" pageId="3" pageNumber="414" unit="in" value="26.0">26 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName id="4C7C37984B0CD4700CF9FA59D169E8FF" authorityName="Godwin and Bond" authorityYear="2021" box="[709,878,1492,1521]" class="Arachnida" family="Halonoproctidae" genus="Ummidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="414" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hondurena">
<emphasis id="B90890094B0CD4700CF9FA59D169E8FF" bold="true" box="[709,878,1492,1521]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="414">U. hondurena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), 31 spines on retrolateral face of tibia I (
<quantity id="4C84E1FE4B0CD4700F93FA71D3F4EB17" box="[431,499,1532,1562]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.366" pageId="3" pageNumber="414" unit="in" value="29.0">29 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName id="4C7C37984B0CD4700FC6FA71D0A7EB17" authorityName="Godwin and Bond" authorityYear="2021" box="[506,672,1532,1561]" class="Arachnida" family="Halonoproctidae" genus="Ummidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="414" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hondurena">
<emphasis id="B90890094B0CD4700FC6FA71D0A7EB17" bold="true" box="[506,672,1532,1561]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="414">U. hondurena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), and by the pronounced retrolateral curvature of the apical half of the embolus when the palpal bulb is viewed ventrally (almost no curvature in
<taxonomicName id="4C7C37984B0CD4700C4FF9C1D11BEB67" authorityName="Godwin and Bond" authorityYear="2021" box="[627,796,1612,1641]" class="Arachnida" family="Halonoproctidae" genus="Ummidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="414" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hondurena">
<emphasis id="B90890094B0CD4700C4FF9C1D11BEB67" bold="true" box="[627,796,1612,1641]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="414">U. hondurena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
<emphasis id="B90890094B0CD4700D04F9C0D6A9EB67" bold="true" box="[824,1198,1612,1641]" pageId="3" pageNumber="414">
<taxonomicName id="4C7C37984B0CD4700D04F9C0D63BEB67" authorityName="Cubas-Rodríguez &amp; Brown &amp; Sherwood" authorityYear="2024" box="[824,1084,1612,1641]" class="Arachnida" family="Halonoproctidae" genus="Ummidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="414" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sukuhpaya" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B90890094B0CD4700D04F9C0D63BEB67" bold="true" box="[824,1084,1612,1641]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="414">Ummidia sukuhpaya</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23B2D724B0CD4700A79F9C1D6A9EB67" box="[1093,1198,1613,1641]" pageId="3" pageNumber="414" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
is differentiated from
<taxonomicName id="4C7C37984B0CD4700C32F9F8D0CAEB9F" authorityName="Godwin and Bond" authorityYear="2021" box="[526,717,1652,1681]" class="Arachnida" family="Halonoproctidae" genus="Ummidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="414" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yojoa">
<emphasis id="B90890094B0CD4700C32F9F8D0CAEB9F" bold="true" box="[526,717,1652,1681]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="414">Ummidia yojoa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by absence of a retrolateral tarsal brush on tarsus IV (present in
<taxonomicName id="4C7C37984B0CD4700C76F911D0B5EBB7" authorityName="Godwin and Bond" authorityYear="2021" box="[586,690,1692,1721]" class="Arachnida" family="Halonoproctidae" genus="Ummidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="414" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yojoa">
<emphasis id="B90890094B0CD4700C76F911D0B5EBB7" bold="true" box="[586,690,1692,1721]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="414">U. yojoa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), presence of spines on the prolateral face of tibia I (absent in
<taxonomicName id="4C7C37984B0CD4700C2CF949D070EBEF" authorityName="Godwin and Bond" authorityYear="2021" box="[528,631,1732,1761]" class="Arachnida" family="Halonoproctidae" genus="Ummidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="414" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yojoa">
<emphasis id="B90890094B0CD4700C2CF949D070EBEF" bold="true" box="[528,631,1732,1761]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="414">U. yojoa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and presence of 17 spines on the retrolateral face of tibia I (
<quantity id="4C84E1FE4B0CD4700F84F961D3EAEA07" box="[440,493,1772,1802]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.62" pageId="3" pageNumber="414" unit="in" value="3.0">3 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName id="4C7C37984B0CD4700FCAF961D058EA07" authorityName="Godwin and Bond" authorityYear="2021" box="[502,607,1772,1801]" class="Arachnida" family="Halonoproctidae" genus="Ummidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="414" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yojoa">
<emphasis id="B90890094B0CD4700FCAF961D058EA07" bold="true" box="[502,607,1772,1801]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="414">U. yojoa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Females can be distinguished from
<taxonomicName id="4C7C37984B0CD4700A67F961D701EA07" authorityName="Godwin and Bond" authorityYear="2021" box="[1115,1286,1772,1801]" class="Arachnida" family="Halonoproctidae" genus="Ummidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="414" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hondurena">
<emphasis id="B90890094B0CD4700A67F961D701EA07" bold="true" box="[1115,1286,1772,1801]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="414">U. hondurena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the absence of a basal extension on the receptacle neck, directly below the respective lobe (present in
<taxonomicName id="4C7C37984B0CD4700CE1F8B1D18BEA57" authorityName="Godwin and Bond" authorityYear="2021" box="[733,908,1852,1881]" class="Arachnida" family="Halonoproctidae" genus="Ummidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="414" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hondurena">
<emphasis id="B90890094B0CD4700CE1F8B1D18BEA57" bold="true" box="[733,908,1852,1881]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="414">U. hondurena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). The female of
<taxonomicName id="4C7C37984B0CD4700A4BF8B1D6E3EA57" authorityName="Godwin and Bond" authorityYear="2021" box="[1143,1252,1852,1881]" class="Arachnida" family="Halonoproctidae" genus="Ummidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="414" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yojoa">
<emphasis id="B90890094B0CD4700A4BF8B1D6E3EA57" bold="true" box="[1143,1252,1852,1881]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="414">U. yojoa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is unknown and cannot be compared.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF031C934B0CD4700F0CFA8FD0B7E880" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14656455" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14656455" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14656455/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="414" startId="3.[304,377,1283,1305]" targetBox="[302,1285,265,1260]" targetPageId="3" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BC34C1B4B0CD4700F0CFA8FD0B7E880" blockId="3.[302,1286,1283,1422]" pageId="3" pageNumber="414">
<emphasis id="B90890094B0CD4700F0CFA8FD390E817" bold="true" box="[304,407,1283,1305]" pageId="3" pageNumber="414">Figure 1.</emphasis>
Carapace, abdomen, and labium, sternum and maxilla of holotype male (A–D) and paratype female (E–H)
<taxonomicName id="4C7C37984B0CD4700C56FAACD156E838" authorityName="Cubas-Rodríguez &amp; Brown &amp; Sherwood" authorityYear="2024" box="[618,849,1312,1334]" class="Arachnida" family="Halonoproctidae" genus="Ummidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="414" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sukuhpaya" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B90890094B0CD4700C56FAACD156E838" box="[618,849,1312,1334]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="414">Ummidia sukuhpaya</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B90890094B0CD4700D67FAACD1DAE838" bold="true" box="[859,989,1312,1334]" pageId="3" pageNumber="414">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23B2D724B0CD4700D67FAACD1BEE838" box="[859,953,1312,1334]" pageId="3" pageNumber="414" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
A)
</emphasis>
carapace, dorsal view.
<emphasis id="B90890094B0CD4700AD1FAACD702E838" bold="true" box="[1261,1285,1312,1334]" pageId="3" pageNumber="414">B)</emphasis>
labium, sternum and maxilla, ventral view.
<emphasis id="B90890094B0CD4700D20FAB1D132E85D" bold="true" box="[796,821,1341,1363]" pageId="3" pageNumber="414">C)</emphasis>
Abdomen, dorsal view.
<emphasis id="B90890094B0CD4700A70FAB1D661E85D" bold="true" box="[1100,1126,1341,1363]" pageId="3" pageNumber="414">D)</emphasis>
Idem, ventral view.
<emphasis id="B90890094B0CD4700F51FAD7D384E87F" bold="true" box="[365,387,1371,1393]" pageId="3" pageNumber="414">E)</emphasis>
carapace, dorsal view.
<emphasis id="B90890094B0CD4700CBCFAD7D092E87F" bold="true" box="[640,661,1371,1393]" pageId="3" pageNumber="414">F)</emphasis>
labium, sternum and maxilla, ventral view.
<emphasis id="B90890094B0CD4700A4EFAD7D68BE87F" bold="true" box="[1138,1164,1371,1393]" pageId="3" pageNumber="414">G)</emphasis>
Abdomen, dorsal view.
<emphasis id="B90890094B0CD4700F86FAF4D3D3E880" bold="true" box="[442,468,1400,1422]" pageId="3" pageNumber="414">H)</emphasis>
Idem, ventral view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C3661F904B0CD4770F12F82FD601EC76" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="415" pageId="3" pageNumber="414" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BC34C1B4B0CD4770F12F82FD601EC76" blockId="3.[302,1286,1955,2064]" lastBlockId="4.[302,1286,267,376]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="415" pageId="3" pageNumber="414">
<emphasis id="B90890094B0CD4700F12F82FD3C4EAB1" bold="true" box="[302,451,1955,1983]" pageId="3" pageNumber="414">Etymology</emphasis>
.— The specific epithet
<taxonomicName id="4C7C37984B0CD4700D3BF82FD1A1EACE" authorityName="Cubas-Rodríguez &amp; Brown &amp; Sherwood" authorityYear="2024" box="[775,934,1955,1984]" class="Arachnida" family="Halonoproctidae" genus="Ummidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="414" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sukuhpaya">“sukuhpaya</taxonomicName>
” is derived from the Pech language, where ‘sukuh’ means “catch the one who flees” and ‘paya’ refers to the first indigenous people of the Bay Islands,
<collectingCountry id="F36B0C8B4B0CD4700DF5F87FD655E51E" box="[969,1106,2035,2064]" name="Honduras" pageId="3" pageNumber="414">Honduras</collectingCountry>
. This epithet reflects the predatory nature of this trapdoor spider species, also honouring the cultural heritage of the Honduran Pech community, whose ancestral lands include the region where this species was found.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3661F904B0BD4760F12FE15D623E8E2" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="416" pageId="4" pageNumber="415" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BC34C1B4B0BD4770F12FE15D397E939" blockId="4.[302,1286,409,1079]" pageId="4" pageNumber="415">
<emphasis id="B90890094B0BD4770F12FE15D0CEECB8" bold="true" box="[302,713,409,438]" pageId="4" pageNumber="415">
Description of
<typeStatus id="54C7F2B94B0BD4770C3EFE16D07CECB8" box="[514,635,410,438]" pageId="4" pageNumber="415" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
male
</emphasis>
.— Total length including chelicerae: 17.6. Carapace: length 7.9, width 6.4. Caput: highly raised. ALE&gt; AME, AME&gt; PLE, PLE&gt; PME. Fovea: deep, procurved. Chelicera: length 3.3, width 1.7. Abdomen: length 7.4, width 4.9. Maxilla: 1.7 long, with 14/17 (left/ right) maxillary cuspules. Labium: length 1.0, width 0.6, with 4 labial cuspules. Sternum: length 3.7, width 3.3, with two pairs of sigillae. Lengths of legs and palpal segments: see table 1. Tarsi I–IV with pseudoscopula present, sparsely distributed on tarsi III and IV, denser on tarsi I and II. Metatarsi without pseudoscopula. Spination: patellae I v2, r1, II v3, III r1, tibia I r22, p31, tibia II v15, r2, p11, II v3, r3, p15, IV v2, metatarsus I v2, r6, p16, II v17, r6, p7, III d8, v7, r3, p4, IV v19, r5, p7, tarsus I v2, r11, p10. II r10, p16. III: v7, p10, r18, IV p12. Femur III: aspinose, completely smooth. Palpal tibia: elongate and strongly incrassate, with an abundance of trichobothria (
<figureCitation id="1347509E4B0BD4770C2CFC2ED073EEB1" box="[528,628,930,959]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="4.[302,377,1941,1963]" captionTargetBox="[397,1191,1139,1909]" captionTargetId="figure-251@4.[397,1191,1123,1909]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 2. Leg I, palp, and palpal bulb of holotype male Ummidia sukuhpaya sp. nov. (IBSP 345210). A) Leg I, prolateral view. B) Idem, retrolateral view. C) Palp, retrolateral view. D) Palpal bulb, prolateral view. E) Idem, retrolateral view. F) Idem, dorsal view. G) Idem, ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14656461" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14656461/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="415">Fig. 2C</figureCitation>
). Palpal bulb with elongate and tapering embolus, curved upwards, longer than base of bulb (
<figureCitation id="1347509E4B0BD4770D69FC46D1F7EEE9" box="[853,1008,970,999]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="4.[302,377,1941,1963]" captionTargetBox="[397,1191,1139,1909]" captionTargetId="figure-251@4.[397,1191,1123,1909]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 2. Leg I, palp, and palpal bulb of holotype male Ummidia sukuhpaya sp. nov. (IBSP 345210). A) Leg I, prolateral view. B) Idem, retrolateral view. C) Palp, retrolateral view. D) Palpal bulb, prolateral view. E) Idem, retrolateral view. F) Idem, dorsal view. G) Idem, ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14656461" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14656461/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="415">Figs. 2D–G</figureCitation>
). Colour (in alcohol): dorsal region and legs overall reddish-brown, abdomen dark brown (
<figureCitation id="1347509E4B0BD4770AF8FC7ED385E939" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="3.[304,377,1283,1305]" captionTargetBox="[302,1285,265,1260]" captionTargetId="figure-204@3.[302,1285,265,1260]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 1. Carapace, abdomen, and labium, sternum and maxilla of holotype male (A–D) and paratype female (E–H) Ummidia sukuhpaya sp. nov. A) carapace, dorsal view. B) labium, sternum and maxilla, ventral view. C) Abdomen, dorsal view. D) Idem, ventral view. E) carapace, dorsal view. F) labium, sternum and maxilla, ventral view. G) Abdomen, dorsal view. H) Idem, ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14656455" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14656455/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="415">Figs. 1A–D</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF031C934B0BD4770F12F819D004E50D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14656461" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14656461" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14656461/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="415" startId="4.[302,377,1941,1963]" targetBox="[397,1191,1139,1909]" targetPageId="4" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BC34C1B4B0BD4770F12F819D004E50D" blockId="4.[302,1285,1941,2051]" pageId="4" pageNumber="415">
<emphasis id="B90890094B0BD4770F12F819D39EEAA5" bold="true" box="[302,409,1941,1963]" pageId="4" pageNumber="415">Figure 2.</emphasis>
Leg I, palp, and palpal bulb of holotype male
<taxonomicName id="4C7C37984B0BD4770D8BF819D69AEAA5" authorityName="Cubas-Rodríguez &amp; Brown &amp; Sherwood" authorityYear="2024" box="[951,1181,1941,1963]" class="Arachnida" family="Halonoproctidae" genus="Ummidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="415" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sukuhpaya" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B90890094B0BD4770D8BF819D69AEAA5" box="[951,1181,1941,1963]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="415">Ummidia sukuhpaya</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B90890094B0BD4770A9BF819D702EAA5" bold="true" box="[1191,1285,1941,1963]" pageId="4" pageNumber="415">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23B2D724B0BD4770A9BF819D702EAA5" box="[1191,1285,1941,1963]" pageId="4" pageNumber="415" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(IBSP 345210).
<emphasis id="B90890094B0BD4770FE0F83FD3F2EAC7" bold="true" box="[476,501,1971,1993]" pageId="4" pageNumber="415">A)</emphasis>
Leg I, prolateral view.
<emphasis id="B90890094B0BD4770CC6F83FD115EAC7" bold="true" box="[762,786,1971,1993]" pageId="4" pageNumber="415">B)</emphasis>
Idem, retrolateral view.
<emphasis id="B90890094B0BD4770A15F83FD645EAC7" bold="true" box="[1065,1090,1971,1993]" pageId="4" pageNumber="415">C)</emphasis>
Palp, retrolateral view.
<emphasis id="B90890094B0BD4770F53F85CD38EEAE8" bold="true" box="[367,393,2000,2022]" pageId="4" pageNumber="415">D)</emphasis>
Palpal bulb, prolateral view.
<emphasis id="B90890094B0BD4770CECF85CD0E1EAE8" bold="true" box="[720,742,2000,2022]" pageId="4" pageNumber="415">E)</emphasis>
Idem, retrolateral view.
<emphasis id="B90890094B0BD4770DC6F85CD608EAE8" bold="true" box="[1018,1039,2000,2022]" pageId="4" pageNumber="415">F)</emphasis>
Idem, dorsal view.
<emphasis id="B90890094B0BD4770AD6F85CD703EAE8" bold="true" box="[1258,1284,2000,2022]" pageId="4" pageNumber="415">G)</emphasis>
Idem, ventral view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF031C934B0AD4760ECFFE86D6C5EC2E" box="[243,1218,266,288]" pageId="5" pageNumber="416" startId="5.[243,303,266,288]" targetBox="[257,1297,331,553]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="5" targetType="table">
<paragraph id="8BC34C1B4B0AD4760ECFFE86D6C5EC2E" blockId="5.[243,1218,266,288]" box="[243,1218,266,288]" pageId="5" pageNumber="416">
<emphasis id="B90890094B0AD4760ECFFE86D34AEC2E" bold="true" box="[243,333,266,288]" pageId="5" pageNumber="416">Table 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C7C37984B0AD4760F68FE86D031EC2E" authorityName="Cubas-Rodríguez &amp; Brown &amp; Sherwood" authorityYear="2024" box="[340,566,266,288]" class="Arachnida" family="Halonoproctidae" genus="Ummidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="416" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sukuhpaya" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B90890094B0AD4760F68FE86D031EC2E" box="[340,566,266,288]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="416">Ummidia sukuhpaya</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23B2D724B0AD4760C02FE86D092EC2E" box="[574,661,266,288]" pageId="5" pageNumber="416" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
holotype male (IBSP 345210), podomere lengths.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BC34C1B4B0AD4760CEEFEC7D716EF27" pageId="5" pageNumber="416">
<table id="F97CBEBB4B0A2B8C0F3DFEC7D716EF27" box="[257,1297,331,553]" gridcols="6" gridrows="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="416">
<tr id="354C4E594B0A2B8C0F3DFEC7D716EC52" box="[257,1297,331,348]" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="416" rowspan-0="1">
<th id="769D27254B0A2B8C0CFDFEC7D0EEEC52" box="[705,745,331,348]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="416">I</th>
<th id="769D27254B0A2B8C0D77FEC7D174EC52" box="[843,883,331,348]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="416">II</th>
<th id="769D27254B0A2B8C0DE9FEC7D1FAEC52" box="[981,1021,331,348]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="416">III</th>
<th id="769D27254B0A2B8C0A63FEC7D680EC52" box="[1119,1159,331,348]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="416">IV</th>
<th id="769D27254B0A2B8C0AD5FEC7D716EC52" box="[1257,1297,331,348]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="416">Palp</th>
</tr>
<tr id="354C4E594B0A2B8C0F3DFEF4D716EC87" box="[257,1297,376,393]" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="416">
<th id="769D27254B0A2B8C0F3DFEF4D366EC87" box="[257,353,376,393]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="416">Femur</th>
<td id="769D27254B0A2B8C0CFDFEF4D0EEEC87" box="[705,745,376,393]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="416">5.8</td>
<td id="769D27254B0A2B8C0D77FEF4D174EC87" box="[843,883,376,393]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="416">5.4</td>
<td id="769D27254B0A2B8C0DE9FEF4D1FAEC87" box="[981,1021,376,393]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="416">4.9</td>
<td id="769D27254B0A2B8C0A63FEF4D680EC87" box="[1119,1159,376,393]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="416">6.2</td>
<td id="769D27254B0A2B8C0AD5FEF4D716EC87" box="[1257,1297,376,393]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="416">4.2</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354C4E594B0A2B8C0F3DFE14D716ECA7" box="[257,1297,408,425]" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="416">
<th id="769D27254B0A2B8C0F3DFE14D366ECA7" box="[257,353,408,425]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="416">Patella</th>
<td id="769D27254B0A2B8C0CFDFE14D0EEECA7" box="[705,745,408,425]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="416">3.1</td>
<td id="769D27254B0A2B8C0D77FE14D174ECA7" box="[843,883,408,425]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="416">2.6</td>
<td id="769D27254B0A2B8C0DE9FE14D1FAECA7" box="[981,1021,408,425]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="416">2.0</td>
<td id="769D27254B0A2B8C0A63FE14D680ECA7" box="[1119,1159,408,425]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="416">2.8</td>
<td id="769D27254B0A2B8C0AD5FE14D716ECA7" box="[1257,1297,408,425]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="416">1.7</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354C4E594B0A2B8C0F3DFE34D716ECC7" box="[257,1297,440,457]" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="416">
<th id="769D27254B0A2B8C0F3DFE34D366ECC7" box="[257,353,440,457]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="416">Tibia</th>
<td id="769D27254B0A2B8C0CFDFE34D0EEECC7" box="[705,745,440,457]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="416">4.0</td>
<td id="769D27254B0A2B8C0D77FE34D174ECC7" box="[843,883,440,457]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="416">3.6</td>
<td id="769D27254B0A2B8C0DE9FE34D1FAECC7" box="[981,1021,440,457]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="416">2.5</td>
<td id="769D27254B0A2B8C0A63FE34D680ECC7" box="[1119,1159,440,457]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="416">3.9</td>
<td id="769D27254B0A2B8C0AD5FE34D716ECC7" box="[1257,1297,440,457]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="416">3.2</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354C4E594B0A2B8C0F3DFE54D716ECE7" box="[257,1297,472,489]" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="416">
<th id="769D27254B0A2B8C0F3DFE54D366ECE7" box="[257,353,472,489]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="416">Metatarsus</th>
<td id="769D27254B0A2B8C0CFDFE54D0EEECE7" box="[705,745,472,489]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="416">2.4</td>
<td id="769D27254B0A2B8C0D77FE54D174ECE7" box="[843,883,472,489]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="416">2.1</td>
<td id="769D27254B0A2B8C0DE9FE54D1FAECE7" box="[981,1021,472,489]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="416">1.9</td>
<td id="769D27254B0A2B8C0A63FE54D680ECE7" box="[1119,1159,472,489]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="416">3.7</td>
<td id="769D27254B0A2B8C0AD5FE54D716ECE7" box="[1257,1297,472,489]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="416">–</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354C4E594B0A2B8C0F3DFE74D716EF07" box="[257,1297,504,521]" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="416">
<th id="769D27254B0A2B8C0F3DFE74D366EF07" box="[257,353,504,521]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="416">Tarsus</th>
<td id="769D27254B0A2B8C0CFDFE74D0EEEF07" box="[705,745,504,521]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="416">1.4</td>
<td id="769D27254B0A2B8C0D77FE74D174EF07" box="[843,883,504,521]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="416">1.5</td>
<td id="769D27254B0A2B8C0DE9FE74D1FAEF07" box="[981,1021,504,521]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="416">1.6</td>
<td id="769D27254B0A2B8C0A63FE74D680EF07" box="[1119,1159,504,521]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="416">1.9</td>
<td id="769D27254B0A2B8C0AD5FE74D716EF07" box="[1257,1297,504,521]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="416">1.2</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354C4E594B0A2B8C0F3DFD94D716EF27" box="[257,1297,536,553]" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="416">
<th id="769D27254B0A2B8C0F3DFD94D366EF27" box="[257,353,536,553]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="416">Total</th>
<td id="769D27254B0A2B8C0CFDFD94D0EEEF27" box="[705,745,536,553]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="416">16.7</td>
<td id="769D27254B0A2B8C0D77FD94D174EF27" box="[843,883,536,553]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="416">15.2</td>
<td id="769D27254B0A2B8C0DE9FD94D1FAEF27" box="[981,1021,536,553]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="416">12.9</td>
<td id="769D27254B0A2B8C0A63FD94D680EF27" box="[1119,1159,536,553]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="416">18.5</td>
<td id="769D27254B0A2B8C0AD5FD94D716EF27" box="[1257,1297,536,553]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="416">10.3</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF031C934B0AD4760ECEFDE6D6DFEF8E" box="[242,1240,618,640]" pageId="5" pageNumber="416" startId="5.[242,302,618,640]" targetBox="[257,1297,683,905]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="5" targetType="table">
<paragraph id="8BC34C1B4B0AD4760ECEFDE6D6DFEF8E" blockId="5.[242,1240,618,640]" box="[242,1240,618,640]" pageId="5" pageNumber="416">
<emphasis id="B90890094B0AD4760ECEFDE6D34BEF8E" bold="true" box="[242,332,618,640]" pageId="5" pageNumber="416">Table 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C7C37984B0AD4760F68FDE6D031EF8E" authorityName="Cubas-Rodríguez &amp; Brown &amp; Sherwood" authorityYear="2024" box="[340,566,618,640]" class="Arachnida" family="Halonoproctidae" genus="Ummidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="416" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sukuhpaya" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B90890094B0AD4760F68FDE6D031EF8E" box="[340,566,618,640]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="416">Ummidia sukuhpaya</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23B2D724B0AD4760C02FDE6D092EF8E" box="[574,661,618,640]" pageId="5" pageNumber="416" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
paratype female (IBSP 345211), podomere lengths.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BC34C1B4B0AD4760CEEFD27D716EE87" pageId="5" pageNumber="416">
<table id="F97CBEBB4B0A2B8C0F3DFD27D716EE87" box="[257,1297,683,905]" gridcols="6" gridrows="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="416">
<tr id="354C4E594B0A2B8C0F3DFD27D716EFB2" box="[257,1297,683,700]" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="416" rowspan-0="1">
<th id="769D27254B0A2B8C0CFDFD27D0EEEFB2" box="[705,745,683,700]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="416">I</th>
<th id="769D27254B0A2B8C0D77FD27D174EFB2" box="[843,883,683,700]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="416">II</th>
<th id="769D27254B0A2B8C0DE9FD27D1FAEFB2" box="[981,1021,683,700]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="416">III</th>
<th id="769D27254B0A2B8C0A63FD27D680EFB2" box="[1119,1159,683,700]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="416">IV</th>
<th id="769D27254B0A2B8C0AD5FD27D716EFB2" box="[1257,1297,683,700]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="416">Palp</th>
</tr>
<tr id="354C4E594B0A2B8C0F3DFD54D716EFE7" box="[257,1297,728,745]" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="416">
<th id="769D27254B0A2B8C0F3DFD54D366EFE7" box="[257,353,728,745]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="416">Femur</th>
<td id="769D27254B0A2B8C0CFDFD54D0EEEFE7" box="[705,745,728,745]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="416">4.9</td>
<td id="769D27254B0A2B8C0D77FD54D174EFE7" box="[843,883,728,745]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="416">5.4</td>
<td id="769D27254B0A2B8C0DE9FD54D1FAEFE7" box="[981,1021,728,745]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="416">4.5</td>
<td id="769D27254B0A2B8C0A63FD54D680EFE7" box="[1119,1159,728,745]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="416">5.0</td>
<td id="769D27254B0A2B8C0AD5FD54D716EFE7" box="[1257,1297,728,745]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="416">4.2</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354C4E594B0A2B8C0F3DFD74D716EE07" box="[257,1297,760,777]" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="416">
<th id="769D27254B0A2B8C0F3DFD74D366EE07" box="[257,353,760,777]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="416">Patella</th>
<td id="769D27254B0A2B8C0CFDFD74D0EEEE07" box="[705,745,760,777]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="416">2.3</td>
<td id="769D27254B0A2B8C0D77FD74D174EE07" box="[843,883,760,777]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="416">2.2</td>
<td id="769D27254B0A2B8C0DE9FD74D1FAEE07" box="[981,1021,760,777]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="416">3.1</td>
<td id="769D27254B0A2B8C0A63FD74D680EE07" box="[1119,1159,760,777]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="416">2.6</td>
<td id="769D27254B0A2B8C0AD5FD74D716EE07" box="[1257,1297,760,777]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="416">2.3</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354C4E594B0A2B8C0F3DFC94D716EE27" box="[257,1297,792,809]" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="416">
<th id="769D27254B0A2B8C0F3DFC94D366EE27" box="[257,353,792,809]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="416">Tibia</th>
<td id="769D27254B0A2B8C0CFDFC94D0EEEE27" box="[705,745,792,809]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="416">1.8</td>
<td id="769D27254B0A2B8C0D77FC94D174EE27" box="[843,883,792,809]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="416">2.3</td>
<td id="769D27254B0A2B8C0DE9FC94D1FAEE27" box="[981,1021,792,809]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="416">2.4</td>
<td id="769D27254B0A2B8C0A63FC94D680EE27" box="[1119,1159,792,809]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="416">2.5</td>
<td id="769D27254B0A2B8C0AD5FC94D716EE27" box="[1257,1297,792,809]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="416">2.1</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354C4E594B0A2B8C0F3DFCB4D716EE47" box="[257,1297,824,841]" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="416">
<th id="769D27254B0A2B8C0F3DFCB4D366EE47" box="[257,353,824,841]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="416">Metatarsus</th>
<td id="769D27254B0A2B8C0CFDFCB4D0EEEE47" box="[705,745,824,841]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="416">1.2</td>
<td id="769D27254B0A2B8C0D77FCB4D174EE47" box="[843,883,824,841]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="416">2.0</td>
<td id="769D27254B0A2B8C0DE9FCB4D1FAEE47" box="[981,1021,824,841]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="416">1.1</td>
<td id="769D27254B0A2B8C0A63FCB4D680EE47" box="[1119,1159,824,841]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="416">1.3</td>
<td id="769D27254B0A2B8C0AD5FCB4D716EE47" box="[1257,1297,824,841]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="416">–</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354C4E594B0A2B8C0F3DFCD4D716EE67" box="[257,1297,856,873]" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="416">
<th id="769D27254B0A2B8C0F3DFCD4D366EE67" box="[257,353,856,873]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="416">Tarsus</th>
<td id="769D27254B0A2B8C0CFDFCD4D0EEEE67" box="[705,745,856,873]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="416">1.7</td>
<td id="769D27254B0A2B8C0D77FCD4D174EE67" box="[843,883,856,873]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="416">1.6</td>
<td id="769D27254B0A2B8C0DE9FCD4D1FAEE67" box="[981,1021,856,873]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="416">1.4</td>
<td id="769D27254B0A2B8C0A63FCD4D680EE67" box="[1119,1159,856,873]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="416">1.1</td>
<td id="769D27254B0A2B8C0AD5FCD4D716EE67" box="[1257,1297,856,873]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="416">1.9</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354C4E594B0A2B8C0F3DFCF4D716EE87" box="[257,1297,888,905]" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="416">
<th id="769D27254B0A2B8C0F3DFCF4D366EE87" box="[257,353,888,905]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="416">Total</th>
<td id="769D27254B0A2B8C0CFDFCF4D0EEEE87" box="[705,745,888,905]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="416">11.9</td>
<td id="769D27254B0A2B8C0D77FCF4D174EE87" box="[843,883,888,905]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="416">13.5</td>
<td id="769D27254B0A2B8C0DE9FCF4D1FAEE87" box="[981,1021,888,905]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="416">12.5</td>
<td id="769D27254B0A2B8C0A63FCF4D680EE87" box="[1119,1159,888,905]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="416">12.4</td>
<td id="769D27254B0A2B8C0AD5FCF4D716EE87" box="[1257,1297,888,905]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="416">10.5</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC34C1B4B0AD4760F12FC4BD623E8E2" blockId="5.[302,1286,967,1516]" pageId="5" pageNumber="416">
<emphasis id="B90890094B0AD4760F12FC4BD0DFEEEA" bold="true" box="[302,728,967,996]" pageId="5" pageNumber="416">
Description of
<typeStatus id="54C7F2B94B0AD4760FC1FC4BD073EEED" box="[509,628,967,995]" pageId="5" pageNumber="416" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
female
</emphasis>
.— Total length including chelicerae: 20.4. Carapace: length 7.5, width 6.2. Caput: highly raised. ALE&gt; AME, AME&gt; PLE, PLE&gt; PME. Fovea: deep, procurved. Chelicera: length 4.0, width 2.0. Abdomen: length 10.2, width 8.5. Maxilla: 1.9 long, with 36/44 (left/ right) maxillary cuspules. Labium: length 0.9, width 0.7, with 8 labial cuspules. Sternum: length 4.5, width 3.4, with two pairs of sigillae. Lengths of legs and palpal segments: see table 2. Tarsi I–IV with pseudoscopula present, dense on I–II, sparsely distributed on III–IV. Metatarsi without pseudoscopula. Spination: patella III d4, tibia I r14, p17, II v7, r28, p22, III d7, v1, r2, p1, metatarsus v5, r23, p24, II v3, r17, p25, III v5, r4, IV v5, r2, tarsus I v5, r15, p5, II v3, r16, p15, III d9, v2, p2, IV d1, v3, r3. Spermathecae with two receptacles, each with a single lobe at apex, rounded, giving overall P-shape to receptacle, basal half of lobes sclerotised (
<figureCitation id="1347509E4B0AD4760AFFFA2BD387E8E2" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="6.[303,376,1026,1048]" captionTargetBox="[302,1285,265,999]" captionTargetId="figure-301@6.[302,1285,265,999]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 3. Ummidia sukuhpaya sp. nov. paratype female (IBSP 345211). A) Habitus, dorsal view. B) Spermathecae, ventral view (uncleared). C) Idem, dorsal view. D) Idem, cleared." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14656463" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14656463/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="416">Figs. 3B–D</figureCitation>
). Colour (in alcohol): as in male (
<figureCitation id="1347509E4B0AD4760D7EFA43D1D9E8E2" box="[834,990,1487,1516]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="3.[304,377,1283,1305]" captionTargetBox="[302,1285,265,1260]" captionTargetId="figure-204@3.[302,1285,265,1260]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 1. Carapace, abdomen, and labium, sternum and maxilla of holotype male (A–D) and paratype female (E–H) Ummidia sukuhpaya sp. nov. A) carapace, dorsal view. B) labium, sternum and maxilla, ventral view. C) Abdomen, dorsal view. D) Idem, ventral view. E) carapace, dorsal view. F) labium, sternum and maxilla, ventral view. G) Abdomen, dorsal view. H) Idem, ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14656455" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14656455/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="416">Figs. 1E–H</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1347509E4B0AD4760DD0FA43D611E8E2" box="[1004,1046,1487,1516]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="6.[303,376,1026,1048]" captionTargetBox="[302,1285,265,999]" captionTargetId="figure-301@6.[302,1285,265,999]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 3. Ummidia sukuhpaya sp. nov. paratype female (IBSP 345211). A) Habitus, dorsal view. B) Spermathecae, ventral view (uncleared). C) Idem, dorsal view. D) Idem, cleared." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14656463" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14656463/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="416">3A</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3661F904B0AD47B0F12F982D6F5E8DD" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="419" pageId="5" pageNumber="416" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BC34C1B4B0AD4760F12F982D09BE505" blockId="5.[302,1286,1549,2059]" pageId="5" pageNumber="416">
<emphasis id="B90890094B0AD4760F12F982D39CEB25" bold="true" box="[302,411,1550,1579]" pageId="5" pageNumber="416">Habitat</emphasis>
.— The species occurs only in dry terrestrial habitats on Útila (AMC-R and TWB pers. obs.), with observations so far restricted to the northeastern region of the island near Pumpkin Hill. This area is notable as it encompasses the highest altitudinal gradient on Útila (maximum known altitude 74 metres above sea level), where the majority of Útila’s hardwood forest is located. It appears likely the species is restricted to soil
<typeStatus id="54C7F2B94B0AD4760ABFF95BD6CFEBFD" box="[1155,1224,1751,1779]" pageId="5" pageNumber="416">types</typeStatus>
that are not prone to seasonal flooding or regular disturbance. Therefore, it may be absent from the remaining portions of the island consisting of waterlogged mangrove, neotropical savanna habitat, sandy coastline, and pastural agricultural lands. We also uncovered evidence that this species may occur within the entrances of nearby caves, and likely can, within reason, adapt its burrow structure to include available construction substrates or attach onto flagstones (see below).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF031C934B09D4750F13FB8ED701E93B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14656463" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14656463" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14656463/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="417" startId="6.[303,376,1026,1048]" targetBox="[302,1285,265,999]" targetPageId="6" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BC34C1B4B09D4750F13FB8ED701E93B" blockId="6.[302,1286,1026,1077]" pageId="6" pageNumber="417">
<emphasis id="B90890094B09D4750F13FB8ED393E916" bold="true" box="[303,404,1026,1048]" pageId="6" pageNumber="417">Figure 3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C7C37984B09D4750FA7FB8ED07DE916" authorityName="Cubas-Rodríguez &amp; Brown &amp; Sherwood" authorityYear="2024" box="[411,634,1026,1048]" class="Arachnida" family="Halonoproctidae" genus="Ummidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="417" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sukuhpaya" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B90890094B09D4750FA7FB8ED07DE916" box="[411,634,1026,1048]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="417">Ummidia sukuhpaya</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B90890094B09D4750CBDFB8ED0DDE916" bold="true" box="[641,730,1026,1048]" pageId="6" pageNumber="417">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23B2D724B09D4750CBDFB8ED0DDE916" box="[641,730,1026,1048]" pageId="6" pageNumber="417" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
paratype female (IBSP 345211).
<emphasis id="B90890094B09D4750A7DFB8ED65DE916" bold="true" box="[1089,1114,1026,1048]" pageId="6" pageNumber="417">A)</emphasis>
Habitus, dorsal view.
<emphasis id="B90890094B09D4750F52FB93D381E93B" bold="true" box="[366,390,1055,1077]" pageId="6" pageNumber="417">B)</emphasis>
Spermathecae, ventral view (uncleared).
<emphasis id="B90890094B09D4750D6FFB93D16BE93B" bold="true" box="[851,876,1055,1077]" pageId="6" pageNumber="417">C)</emphasis>
Idem, dorsal view.
<emphasis id="B90890094B09D4750A79FB93D658E93B" bold="true" box="[1093,1119,1055,1077]" pageId="6" pageNumber="417">D)</emphasis>
Idem, cleared.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BC34C1B4B09D4750F12FB0DD1A5EA13" blockId="6.[302,1286,1152,2062]" pageId="6" pageNumber="417">
<emphasis id="B90890094B09D4750F12FB0DD005E993" bold="true" box="[302,514,1152,1181]" pageId="6" pageNumber="417">Natural history</emphasis>
.— Males were found wandering in March (
<typeStatus id="54C7F2B94B09D4750A77FB0CD6C5E993" box="[1099,1218,1152,1181]" pageId="6" pageNumber="417" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
) and April (non-types, uncollected, AMC-R and TWB pers. obs.). The burrow of the
<typeStatus id="54C7F2B94B09D4750FBEFB5DD3F5E9E3" box="[386,498,1233,1261]" pageId="6" pageNumber="417" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
female (
<figureCitation id="1347509E4B09D4750C5DFB5CD11BE9E0" box="[609,796,1232,1262]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="7.[302,376,1358,1380]" captionTargetBox="[378,1209,265,1324]" captionTargetId="figure-153@7.[378,1209,265,1327]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 4. Burrow and egg sac structure of Ummidia sukuhpaya sp. nov. A) Burrow of paratype female, in-situ among the leaf-litter of hardwood forest. B) Cross-sections of two excavated burrows; top burrow: unoccupied, collected from within Pumpkin Hill Cave, found to contain part of exuvia of an adult female and a depleted egg sac; bottom burrow: that of the paratype female, note the smoothly cemented inner wall of the basal chamber. C) Close-up of aforementioned egg sac. D) Paratype female burrow, showing the silk-hinged trapdoor and entrance lined with dense white silk. Scale bars: 10mm (B–D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14656465" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14656465/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="417">Figs. 4A–B, D</figureCitation>
) was located on
<date id="FFC26ADB4B09D4750DC8FB5DD6A1E9E0" box="[1012,1190,1232,1262]" pageId="6" pageNumber="417" value="2018-04-10">10 April 2018</date>
within a patch of broadleaf/palm forest at Pumpkin Hill and is characterized by dark, shaded, clayey soil surrounded by leaf litter (depth
<quantity id="4C84E1FE4B09D4750A25FAADD67EE830" box="[1049,1145,1313,1342]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="417" unit="mm" value="20.0">20 mm</quantity>
). The burrow was found near the base of a large tree (
<figureCitation id="1347509E4B09D4750D52FAC4D1BAE868" box="[878,957,1352,1382]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="8.[304,378,947,969]" captionTargetBox="[249,1346,265,903]" captionTargetId="figure-307@8.[242,1346,265,903]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 5. Distribution map (left) and habitat at type locality (right) of Ummidia sukuhpaya sp. nov." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14656469" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14656469/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="417">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
). The burrow was dug at an angle of &lt;45°and had a shallow length of
<quantity id="4C84E1FE4B09D4750D43FAFDD1DAE883" box="[895,989,1393,1422]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.4" pageId="6" pageNumber="417" unit="mm" value="44.0">44 mm</quantity>
and an internal width of
<quantity id="4C84E1FE4B09D4750F6CFA15D3B6E8BB" box="[336,433,1433,1462]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="6" pageNumber="417" unit="mm" value="14.0">14 mm</quantity>
. It was lined with dense white silk and closed at the entrance by a tightly fitting, oval, wafer-like, silk-hinged trapdoor; the door measured
<quantity id="4C84E1FE4B09D4750F12FA65D3A3EB0B" box="[302,420,1513,1542]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.41" pageId="6" pageNumber="417" unit="mm" value="14.1">14.1 mm</quantity>
high and
<quantity id="4C84E1FE4B09D4750C11FA64D0A4EB0B" box="[557,675,1512,1541]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.68" pageId="6" pageNumber="417" unit="mm" value="16.8">16.8 mm</quantity>
wide. Of note, the walls of the basal chamber are smoothly cemented with a paste presumably formed from mud, then coated with a layer of fine white silk; the silk in the basal quarter is sparsely coated compared to the densely laid silk at the trap entrance and on the tunnel roof. A second active female burrow was located on a cleared raised ledge next to a dirt road leading to Pumpkin Hill, however following an unexpected heavy rain overnight neither that individual nor the burrow could be described in further detail afterwards.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC34C1B4B09D4740F57F8A5D0B9EAB2" blockId="6.[302,1286,1152,2062]" lastBlockId="7.[302,1286,1631,2060]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="418" pageId="6" pageNumber="417">
On
<date id="FFC26ADB4B09D4750FA1F8A5D046EA48" box="[413,577,1832,1862]" pageId="6" pageNumber="417" value="2018-07-21">21 July 2018</date>
, a third, albeit abandoned and semi-degraded, burrow (
<figureCitation id="1347509E4B09D4750F04F8DCD3CEEA60" box="[312,457,1872,1902]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="7.[302,376,1358,1380]" captionTargetBox="[378,1209,265,1324]" captionTargetId="figure-153@7.[378,1209,265,1327]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 4. Burrow and egg sac structure of Ummidia sukuhpaya sp. nov. A) Burrow of paratype female, in-situ among the leaf-litter of hardwood forest. B) Cross-sections of two excavated burrows; top burrow: unoccupied, collected from within Pumpkin Hill Cave, found to contain part of exuvia of an adult female and a depleted egg sac; bottom burrow: that of the paratype female, note the smoothly cemented inner wall of the basal chamber. C) Close-up of aforementioned egg sac. D) Paratype female burrow, showing the silk-hinged trapdoor and entrance lined with dense white silk. Scale bars: 10mm (B–D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14656465" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14656465/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="417">Figs. 4B–C</figureCitation>
) was found approximately 10 metres inside Pumpkin Hill Cave, located adjacent to the Kanahau Útila Research and Conservation Facility. Within the burrow, exuvial remains of an adult female carapace (
<quantity id="4C84E1FE4B09D4750A8FF82CD703EAB3" box="[1203,1284,1952,1981]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="417" unit="mm" value="6.0">6 mm</quantity>
long) with chelicerae were present, along with a discarded, hatched egg sac (
<figureCitation id="1347509E4B09D4750F55F87CD3C9E500" box="[361,462,2032,2062]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="7.[302,376,1358,1380]" captionTargetBox="[378,1209,265,1324]" captionTargetId="figure-153@7.[378,1209,265,1327]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 4. Burrow and egg sac structure of Ummidia sukuhpaya sp. nov. A) Burrow of paratype female, in-situ among the leaf-litter of hardwood forest. B) Cross-sections of two excavated burrows; top burrow: unoccupied, collected from within Pumpkin Hill Cave, found to contain part of exuvia of an adult female and a depleted egg sac; bottom burrow: that of the paratype female, note the smoothly cemented inner wall of the basal chamber. C) Close-up of aforementioned egg sac. D) Paratype female burrow, showing the silk-hinged trapdoor and entrance lined with dense white silk. Scale bars: 10mm (B–D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14656465" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14656465/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="417">Fig. 4C</figureCitation>
), which contained remnant exuviae of immatures (see below). The burrow was formed from loose detritus and guano-based material, discretely placed at an acute angle within a porous cave wall. Its trapdoor was flush with the rock surface and opened vertically. The excavated trap measured
<quantity id="4C84E1FE4B08D4740F8AF95BD013EBFA" box="[438,532,1751,1781]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="7" pageNumber="418" unit="mm" value="35.0">35 mm</quantity>
deep, with a width of
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. The entrance was sparsely lined with silk; The inner tunnel was composed mainly of smoothed mud and silk, widening to form a pocket at the base. The trapdoor cover was firm, wafer-shaped and oval, measuring
<quantity id="4C84E1FE4B08D4740D7DF8DCD1B2EA62" box="[833,949,1872,1901]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.28" pageId="7" pageNumber="418" unit="mm" value="12.8">12.8 mm</quantity>
high, and
<quantity id="4C84E1FE4B08D4740A7FF8C3D6B0EA62" box="[1091,1207,1871,1901]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.55" pageId="7" pageNumber="418" unit="mm" value="15.5">15.5 mm</quantity>
wide. No adults or juveniles have since been located in the cave (AMC-R and T. Brown, personal observation).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF031C934B08D4740F12FAC2D6F8EB1A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14656465" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14656465" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14656465/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="418" startId="7.[302,376,1358,1380]" targetBox="[378,1209,265,1324]" targetPageId="7" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BC34C1B4B08D4740F12FAC2D6F8EB1A" blockId="7.[302,1285,1358,1556]" pageId="7" pageNumber="418">
<emphasis id="B90890094B08D4740F12FAC2D39FE86A" bold="true" box="[302,408,1358,1380]" pageId="7" pageNumber="418">Figure 4.</emphasis>
Burrow and egg sac structure of
<taxonomicName id="4C7C37984B08D4740D20FAC2D606E86A" authorityName="Cubas-Rodríguez &amp; Brown &amp; Sherwood" authorityYear="2024" box="[796,1025,1358,1380]" class="Arachnida" family="Halonoproctidae" genus="Ummidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="418" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sukuhpaya" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B90890094B08D4740D20FAC2D606E86A" box="[796,1025,1358,1380]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="418">Ummidia sukuhpaya</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B90890094B08D4740A36FAC2D68DE86A" bold="true" box="[1034,1162,1358,1380]" pageId="7" pageNumber="418">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23B2D724B08D4740A36FAC2D66FE86A" box="[1034,1128,1358,1380]" pageId="7" pageNumber="418" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
A)
</emphasis>
Burrow of paratype female,
<emphasis id="B90890094B08D4740FCAFAE0D03BE88C" box="[502,572,1388,1410]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="418">in-situ</emphasis>
among the leaf-litter of hardwood forest.
<emphasis id="B90890094B08D4740A1AFAE0D63AE88C" bold="true" box="[1062,1085,1388,1410]" pageId="7" pageNumber="418">B)</emphasis>
Cross-sections of two
<emphasis id="B90890094B08D4740F58FA05D376E891" bold="true" box="[356,369,1417,1439]" pageId="7" pageNumber="418">e</emphasis>
xcavated burrows; top burrow: unoccupied, collected from within Pumpkin Hill Cave, found to contain part of exuvia of an adult female and a depleted egg sac; bottom burrow: that of the paratype female, note the smoothly cemented inner wall of the basal chamber.
<emphasis id="B90890094B08D4740FA5FA6DD3B6E8F9" bold="true" box="[409,433,1505,1527]" pageId="7" pageNumber="418">C)</emphasis>
Close-up of aforementioned egg sac.
<emphasis id="B90890094B08D4740D72FA6DD16FE8F9" bold="true" box="[846,872,1505,1527]" pageId="7" pageNumber="418">D)</emphasis>
Paratype female burrow, showing the silk-hinged trapdoor and entrance lined with dense white silk. Scale bars: 10mm (B–D).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BC34C1B4B08D47B0F57F84BD6F5E8DD" blockId="7.[302,1286,1631,2060]" lastBlockId="8.[302,1286,1062,1491]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="419" pageId="7" pageNumber="418">
The outer coating of the egg sac collected from within the burrow (see above) was spun from fine white silk, that formed a large deflated globular-shaped pocket,
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in diameter. The outside layer was interwoven and camouflaged using a heavy dusting of fine detritus and seed-shaped particulates sourced from surrounding cave guano; the internal coating of this outer layer is clean and finely spun. The innermost layer of the egg sac (i.e. which originally contains the eggs) is also constructed from white silk, smooth and purse-like, with a clear seam round the edge,
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in diameter overall. It now shows a semi-deflated form due to the presence of three small exit holes, clearly made by spiderlings upon their emergence. The exuviae of at least 50 spiderlings were present in the cavity between the inner and outer layers of the egg sac. The prior successful use of the burrow as a reproduction site may explain its subsequent abandonment.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF031C934B07D47B0F0CFC3FD3C0EEE9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14656469" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14656469" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14656469/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="419" startId="8.[304,378,947,969]" targetBox="[249,1346,265,903]" targetPageId="8" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BC34C1B4B07D47B0F0CFC3FD3C0EEE9" blockId="8.[302,1285,947,999]" pageId="8" pageNumber="419">
<emphasis id="B90890094B07D47B0F0CFC3FD39FEEC7" bold="true" box="[304,408,947,969]" pageId="8" pageNumber="419">Figure 5.</emphasis>
Distribution map (left) and habitat at type locality (right) of
<taxonomicName id="4C7C37984B07D47B0A6CFC3FD365EEE9" authorityName="Cubas-Rodríguez &amp; Brown &amp; Sherwood" authorityYear="2024" class="Arachnida" family="Halonoproctidae" genus="Ummidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="8" pageNumber="419" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sukuhpaya" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B90890094B07D47B0A6CFC3FD365EEE9" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="419">Ummidia sukuhpaya</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23B2D724B07D47B0F57FC5DD3C0EEE9" box="[363,455,977,999]" pageId="8" pageNumber="419" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C3661F904B07D47B0F12FA78D39FEB34" pageId="8" pageNumber="419" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BC34C1B4B07D47B0F12FA78D39FEB34" blockId="8.[302,1285,1524,1594]" pageId="8" pageNumber="419">
<emphasis id="B90890094B07D47B0F12FA78D3D1EB1F" bold="true" box="[302,470,1524,1553]" pageId="8" pageNumber="419">Distribution</emphasis>
.— Known only from the
<typeStatus id="54C7F2B94B07D47B0D17FA79D164EB1F" box="[811,867,1525,1553]" pageId="8" pageNumber="419">type</typeStatus>
locality, Útila Island,
<collectingCountry id="F36B0C8B4B07D47B0ABDFA78D702EB1F" box="[1153,1285,1524,1553]" name="Honduras" pageId="8" pageNumber="419">Honduras</collectingCountry>
(
<figureCitation id="1347509E4B07D47B0F04F990D38FEB34" box="[312,392,1564,1594]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="8.[304,378,947,969]" captionTargetBox="[249,1346,265,903]" captionTargetId="figure-307@8.[242,1346,265,903]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 5. Distribution map (left) and habitat at type locality (right) of Ummidia sukuhpaya sp. nov." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14656469" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14656469/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="419">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3661F904B07D47A0F12F9D7D017ECAE" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="420" pageId="8" pageNumber="419" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BC34C1B4B07D47A0F12F9D7D017ECAE" blockId="8.[302,1286,1626,2056]" lastBlockId="9.[302,1286,267,416]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="420" pageId="8" pageNumber="419">
<emphasis id="B90890094B07D47B0F12F9D7D3A0EB79" bold="true" box="[302,423,1627,1655]" pageId="8" pageNumber="419">Remarks</emphasis>
.—
<emphasis id="B90890094B07D47B0FEAF9D6D139EB79" bold="true" box="[470,830,1626,1655]" pageId="8" pageNumber="419">
<taxonomicName id="4C7C37984B07D47B0FEAF9D6D0D5EB79" authorityName="Cubas-Rodríguez &amp; Brown &amp; Sherwood" authorityYear="2024" box="[470,722,1626,1655]" class="Arachnida" family="Halonoproctidae" genus="Ummidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="8" pageNumber="419" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sukuhpaya" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B90890094B07D47B0FEAF9D6D0D5EB79" bold="true" box="[470,722,1626,1655]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="419">Ummidia sukuhpaya</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23B2D724B07D47B0CE5F9D7D139EB79" box="[729,830,1627,1655]" pageId="8" pageNumber="419" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
represents the third species known from
<collectingCountry id="F36B0C8B4B07D47B0F4BF90FD007EBAE" box="[375,512,1667,1696]" name="Honduras" pageId="8" pageNumber="419">Honduras</collectingCountry>
. The two species previously known from the country were described from the mainland, and despite being relatively closely distributed to each other, are vastly morphologically different (
<bibRefCitation id="EFED31EA4B07D47B0A08F95FD374EA16" author="Godwin, R. L. &amp; Bond, J. E." pageId="8" pageNumber="419" pagination="1 - 65" refId="ref4089" refString="Godwin, R. L., Bond, J. E. (2021). Taxonomic revision of the New World members of the trapdoor spider genus Ummidia Thorell (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Halonoproctidae). ZooKeys, 1027, 1 - 65." type="journal article" year="2021">Godwin, Bond, 2021</bibRefCitation>
). The discovery of the new species described here also represents the first record of
<taxonomicName id="4C7C37984B07D47B0C1EF8AED09EEA31" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1875" box="[546,665,1826,1855]" class="Arachnida" family="Halonoproctidae" genus="Ummidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="8" pageNumber="419" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90890094B07D47B0C1EF8AED09EEA31" bold="true" box="[546,665,1826,1855]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="419">Ummidia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the Honduran Bay Islands group. Given the abundant short-range endemism found in other species of the genus (
<bibRefCitation id="EFED31EA4B07D47B0F0BF8FFD083EA9E" author="Godwin, R. L. &amp; Bond, J. E." box="[311,644,1907,1936]" pageId="8" pageNumber="419" pagination="1 - 65" refId="ref4089" refString="Godwin, R. L., Bond, J. E. (2021). Taxonomic revision of the New World members of the trapdoor spider genus Ummidia Thorell (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Halonoproctidae). ZooKeys, 1027, 1 - 65." type="journal article" year="2021">Godwin and Bond, 2021</bibRefCitation>
), we highly suspect
<emphasis id="B90890094B07D47B0DAFF8FFD6B5EA81" bold="true" box="[915,1202,1906,1935]" pageId="8" pageNumber="419">
<taxonomicName id="4C7C37984B07D47B0DAFF8FFD638EA81" authorityName="Cubas-Rodríguez &amp; Brown &amp; Sherwood" authorityYear="2024" box="[915,1087,1906,1935]" class="Arachnida" family="Halonoproctidae" genus="Ummidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="8" pageNumber="419" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sukuhpaya" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B90890094B07D47B0DAFF8FFD638EA81" bold="true" box="[915,1087,1906,1935]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="419">U. sukuhpaya</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23B2D724B07D47B0A75F8FFD6B5EA81" box="[1097,1202,1907,1935]" pageId="8" pageNumber="419" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
is endemic to Útila. Indeed, it appears to be even further restricted only to the higher elevations on Útila, where the hardwood forest occurs (see above). Substantial deforestation and development has occurred around the
<typeStatus id="54C7F2B94B07D47B0AF0F860D701E506" box="[1228,1286,2028,2056]" pageId="8" pageNumber="419">type</typeStatus>
locality since its discovery in 2018. This species is thus likely to be of conservation concern, and further studies are required to understand what its conservation needs may be, and what measures it may require to sustain its population(s).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>