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<mods:url id="05E8792EAF39E492DBA6FDAFB1B8A041">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.240.101716</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification id="F10340100BAC5F12F9CAF74E6884EBC5">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="A2102D736AB51DE41F4EF9E9784BDA0D" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.240.101716</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="668086415E6CB04C26BCA252DFB3AD56" type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-240-1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="3AD128C92F5D7861A8FF5337780EE136" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3AD128C92F5D7861A8FF5337780EE136" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3AD128C92F5D7861A8FF5337780EE136" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<subSubSection id="674C9F73CDF5D5D2F82BC2A96F4B2A85" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="4A42C58DB171589F31CFF9D9ECCDE176" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="569600ACF966F951EAF9F0E8D8C1FDAD" ID-CoL="9CKYF" authority="Small, Bull. New York Bot. Gard. 2: 91. 1901." authorityName="Small, Bull. New York Bot. Gard. 2: 91. 1901." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Havardia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Havardia" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Havardia Small, Bull. New York Bot. Gard. 2: 91. 1901.</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5D80D6D42F218316DEFEB34816F374C2" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph id="796E11E88030844BBBD30B9A8E0302C0" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<figureCitation id="4D7075C689B782BD20F9688214EEFC3A" captionStart="Figure 217" captionStartId="F224" captionText="Figure 217. Morphology of selected species of the Pithecellobium clade A Ebenopsis ebano (Berland.) Barneby &amp; J. W. Grimes, fruit B, C Havardia albicans (Kunth) Britton &amp; Rose B leaves C inflorescence D Gretheria campylacantha (L. Rico &amp; M. Sousa) Duno &amp; Torke, fruit E Ricoa leptophylla (DC.) Duno &amp; Torke, inflorescence and young flowers F Painteria elachistophylla (A. Gray ex S. Watson) Britton &amp; Rose, fruit G Pithecellobium dulce (Roxb.) Benth. habit H Pithecellobium unguis-cati (L.) Benth. inflorescence I Pithecellobium lanceolatum (Humb. &amp; Bonpl. ex Willd.) Benth. pod and seeds J Pithecellobium winzerlingii Britton &amp; Rose pod and seed K Sphinga acatlensis (Benth.) Barneby &amp; J. W. Grimes flowers L Sphinga platyloba (Bertero ex DC.) Barneby &amp; J. W. Grimes flowers. Photo credits A, E, F, H R Duno de Stefano B, C, J GA Romero Gonzalez D, I, K CE Hughes G D Pedersen L C Ramirez." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.240.101716.figure217" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1014889" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figs 217</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="5BB6BE2418C17AA7125A8D4BD20EAFE2" captionStart="Figure 220" captionStartId="F227" captionText="Figure 220. Distribution of Havardia based on quality-controlled digitised herbarium records. See Suppl. material 1 for the source of occurrence data." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.240.101716.figure220" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1014892" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 220</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="AB7D11EB3221F4489BDB9D1465AC0087" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="A8503E8E5AECD1F2EC0FB78F68233C00" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="4E61CBC27C3BAA95ED7A951A2DA02782" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Pithecolobium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pithecolobium subsp. sect." order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="section" section="Ortholobium">Pithecolobium sect. Ortholobium</taxonomicName>
Benth., Trans. Linn. Soc. London 30: 592. 1875. Type:
<taxonomicName id="1CB3C47D41A2B2E7EB96F565F7DA3A18" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Pithecellobium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pithecellobium albicans" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="albicans">Pithecellobium albicans</taxonomicName>
(Kunth) Benth. [≡
<taxonomicName id="E460173C204D6526546913144636CF44" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Acacia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Acacia albicans" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="albicans">Acacia albicans</taxonomicName>
Kunth (≡
<taxonomicName id="FB0265AD19103C0AC711ABE7D44089F8" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Havardia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Havardia albicans" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="albicans">Havardia albicans</taxonomicName>
(Kunth) Britton &amp; Rose)]
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="21AE0DCFC0BD4526948EA8B26267C0A9" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="191C4F70A313003A59C91852A345B573" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<typeStatus id="19DF89ACC0554EB829E1B6F5084B1FA9">Type</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="73F76752D56A324FF208E111A6FDFD52" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="59DA7A96C6FD1811D027E84772C788B2" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Havardia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Havardia brevifolia" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="brevifolia">
<emphasis id="738799C910D46F0DB95395A0B2F317AF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Havardia brevifolia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Benth.) Small [≡
<taxonomicName id="C365957288ECB07CE5953DE56E5DB2D4" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Leguminosae" genus="Pithecellobium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pithecellobium brevifolium" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="brevifolium">
<emphasis id="3B771D6F514F0988B92BFB83D5A4326D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pithecellobium brevifolium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Benth. (=
<taxonomicName id="4B5EEB5BB7D14A7852DDDC50071B95D1" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Havardia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Havardia pallens" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pallens">
<emphasis id="450BFC52F6B8041A0BAE0DC7E6406C5D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Havardia pallens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Benth.) Britton &amp; Rose)]
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="93BA5679B478B0BBE9693EF904E36009" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph id="540EFAA3F4AD2574A64CA0A2106F5A95" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A33AC62B3A89780F8D594B277F85E349" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Trees or bushy treelets 2-9(-12) m.
<emphasis id="93EC43DB5DF532A413A80EBF89979161" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Stipules</emphasis>
spinescent.
<emphasis id="21211CD917A0C6721310832B58D05927" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Leaves</emphasis>
bipinnate, extrafloral nectaries sessile, shallowly cupular, thick-rimmed, inserted near or below mid-petiole, rarely 2, rarely at very base, sometimes a little above mid-petiole, sometimes rudimentary; pinnae 1-11 (13) pairs; leaflets 7-36 pairs per pinna, alternate, rarely opposite, linear, linear-oblong, to narrowly oblong-obovate, venation simple or pinnate.
<emphasis id="2B253ED6EB7237F1ED49BA4ED41CF907" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Inflorescence</emphasis>
6-37-flowered capitula or capituliform racemes.
<emphasis id="C232CA3495EF6632B1EC1A884AA42562" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Flowers</emphasis>
sessile or very shortly pedicellate, homomorphic, 5-merous; calyx hemispherical, shallowly campanulate to deeply campanulate, teeth deltoid; corolla campanulate, narrowly vase-shaped to subcylindrical, lobes recurving to erect; stamens (28) 30-52; pollen in 16-celled polyads, more or less isodiametric; intrastaminal disc 5-lobed or simple callosities; ovary subsessile or shortly stipitate, slenderly ellipsoid, style about as long as stamens, the stigma poriform.
<emphasis id="10FB1B43EE025A8B166584084FF27D40" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fruits</emphasis>
oblong to broad-linear, straight, plano-compressed legumes, 8-13-seeded, valves framed by a bluntly 3-angulate suture, valves chartaceous or thinly coriaceous, stiffly papery, low-convex over each seed on one face or on both, externally veinless, the cavity continuous; dehiscence tardy, inert, through both sutures.
<emphasis id="5CEAC3F121EAF9C826104AAF210BC22E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Seeds</emphasis>
transverse, orbicular or oblong-elliptic, compressed-disciform and flattened around the periphery, funicle distally sigmoid, pleurogram U-shaped to closed.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="DCE3D5A09340A43950157C27DC1305DC" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="chromosome number">
<paragraph id="9ACD6CF55B5FCE6FDFC96052AD67804B" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Chromosome number.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2F330BC0AE8B6087FBA52030D63489A0" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Unknown.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E9B7EF72E9B0B635FE1305DE19F0C2E8" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="E4433CAE13A16E075A9FD65BB14ED166" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Included species and geographic distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="92128AE10012D296495F5C195A83303F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Three species, almost entirely distributed in Mexico mainly in the north and the Yucatan peninsula, extending marginally north into the USA (south Texas), and south into northern Guatemala and Belize (Fig.
<figureCitation id="970A15020FD08C84218757A47FFB8483" captionStart="Figure 220" captionStartId="F227" captionText="Figure 220. Distribution of Havardia based on quality-controlled digitised herbarium records. See Suppl. material 1 for the source of occurrence data." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.240.101716.figure220" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1014892" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">220</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="3823A88DCEBCF1457248F97B0FA7576B" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.240.101716.figure220" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1014892" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 220" startId="F227">
<paragraph id="170C96DFBEE97898A38BB1DCB7CF9002" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="45BB3BF1DF379770A208EBFCB1CC5084" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 220.</emphasis>
Distribution of
<taxonomicName id="9838232C551D4AA4473EEE52B68AEBA3" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Havardia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Havardia" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="BE51BA6EB7B1AA5093600817719675A3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Havardia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
based on quality-controlled digitised herbarium records. See Suppl. material 1 for the source of occurrence data.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D1A79DC0D67180B7101896E46A53A481" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="ecology">
<paragraph id="B0DC2F7C736611CB7309C8FCA35FB7C9" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ecology.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F83F05667267DF56CAD01C397E2556F7" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Largely confined to seasonally dry, drought deciduous woodland and arid thorn scrub and arid mattoral in the Sonoran desert, Tamaulipan plains and coastal thickets on sand, secondary forest, and extending weakly into lowland rainforest, occasionally on limestone. In parts of Mexico, abundant. For example,
<taxonomicName id="123C56B3A74F4E08EBE4DFC8517C51CF" lsidName="H. albicans" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="albicans">
<emphasis id="E64E2BABE3495B9D9B778FA8BFB33112" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H. albicans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Kunth) Britton &amp; Rose is very common in the peninsula of
<normalizedToken id="C3FBC6E3D1DD077998CD55E32D16AC8C" originalValue="Yucatán">Yucatan</normalizedToken>
, and
<taxonomicName id="63D852159DC598D1CBCC61EA9F1B0B48" lsidName="H. pallens" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="pallens">
<emphasis id="2646AA63883E6D9451199ECAC034B1D5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H. pallens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is abundant in parts of northern Mexico.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="236AD9A11668C31482A814024227DDF4" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="5F35353BFBA633455D4836235E8E2D20" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2E7A207250196E74D81351FC3C35BD93" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Named after Dr. Valery Havard (1846-1927), U.S. Army, a diligent student of the North American flora.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="91892AA1AE9F07C5615BED933D85A161" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="human uses">
<paragraph id="BC85829CBD7CC83EE29B89E0089BAAB7" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Human uses.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="12D60DA9A91FE8508AF021196CD449ED" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
The boiled wood of
<taxonomicName id="E66280D61C8FFA2788E4F156051FC2E6" lsidName="H. albicans" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="albicans">
<emphasis id="43D621CE96A0B3E3C0C4BC3BF0397ABE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H. albicans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is used in the chemical industry to colour cement (e.g., for swimming pools;
<bibRefCitation id="8707ACCBEBAE946A4543C66B4E0448BE" author="Duno, de Stefano R" journalOrPublisher="Desde el Herbario CICY" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="22 - 23" refId="B247" refString="Duno, de Stefano R, 2014. La endemica del mes: patron de distribucion y conservacion de Havardia albicans (Chukum). Desde el Herbario CICY 6: 22 - 23" title="La endemica del mes: patron de distribucion y conservacion de Havardia albicans (Chukum)." volume="6" year="2014">Duno 2014</bibRefCitation>
) and it has been used as an addition to the fermented psychoactive drink Pulque. In addition, the stem of
<taxonomicName id="F14D6E69A7671A6B2A46D0EDE515CEE9" lsidName="H. pallens" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="pallens">
<emphasis id="FBD5899C509E02F08E4BC957B325D875" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H. pallens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is used in the construction of fences and the wood is used for the manufacture of furniture.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4559B9C9F2C05A2783B1DC3E9132A66A" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="notes">
<paragraph id="239876182885C21FE9033561A09AA9FF" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Notes.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="58F17D27663181BD067EF1CE7F525A9F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<bibRefCitation id="4CF1C27426F919F8951B36B3AA3F5AAC" author="Britton, NL" journalOrPublisher="North American Flora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 194" refId="B115" refString="Britton, NL, Rose, JN, 1928. Mimosaceae (Rosales). North American Flora 23: 1 - 194" title="Mimosaceae (Rosales)." volume="23" year="1928">Britton and Rose (1928)</bibRefCitation>
provided the first taxonomic revision of
<taxonomicName id="E665D7FF488D0D44ECC4400A98516DAB" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Havardia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Havardia" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E584E8B9124D443B53DC254CA13E6724" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Havardia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
including three other species which are now ascribed to
<taxonomicName id="09F1AEECFCFE3672B2BF9B21AA37849E" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Sphinga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Sphinga" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F80109CEE0547C6B244B7AA61870125E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Sphinga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The fruits of the two genera are similar.
<bibRefCitation id="5E1472DC6753CBB642059244270A9A6E" author="Barneby, RC" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 292" refId="B44" refString="Barneby, RC, Grimes, JW, 1996. Silk tree, Guanacaste, Monkey's earring: a generic system for the synandrous Mimosaceae of the Americas. Part I. Abarema, Albizia, and allies. Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden 74 (1): 1 - 292" title="Silk tree, Guanacaste, Monkey's earring: a generic system for the synandrous Mimosaceae of the Americas. Part I. Abarema, Albizia, and allies." volume="74" year="1996">Barneby and Grimes (1996)</bibRefCitation>
updated this taxonomic treatment recognising five species, but
<taxonomicName id="8429BDAA1AE21C5D1B041F7999A082FC" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Havardia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Havardia" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1FE915EBE6E21632E689B4443B9F160E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Havardia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, as circumscribed by
<bibRefCitation id="A634C13729D522C53AFA5E23C7C5310B" author="Barneby, RC" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 292" refId="B44" refString="Barneby, RC, Grimes, JW, 1996. Silk tree, Guanacaste, Monkey's earring: a generic system for the synandrous Mimosaceae of the Americas. Part I. Abarema, Albizia, and allies. Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden 74 (1): 1 - 292" title="Silk tree, Guanacaste, Monkey's earring: a generic system for the synandrous Mimosaceae of the Americas. Part I. Abarema, Albizia, and allies." volume="74" year="1996">Barneby and Grimes (1996)</bibRefCitation>
, is not supported as monophyletic in the analyses of
<bibRefCitation id="35208025CC46D6B0A9AFC48F88DA8B9A" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1002/ajb2.1568" author="Koenen, EJM" journalOrPublisher="American Journal of Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1710 - 1735" refId="B441" refString="Koenen, EJM, Kidner, CA, Souza, ER, Simon, MF, Iganci, JRV, Nicholls, JA, Brown, GK, Queiroz, LP, Luckow, MA, Lewis, GP, Pennington, RT, Hughes, CE, 2020a. Hybrid capture of 964 nuclear genes resolves evolutionary relationships in the mimosoid legumes and reveals the polytomous origins of a large pantropical radiation. American Journal of Botany 107 (12): 1710 - 1735, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ajb2.1568" title="Hybrid capture of 964 nuclear genes resolves evolutionary relationships in the mimosoid legumes and reveals the polytomous origins of a large pantropical radiation." url="https://doi.org/10.1002/ajb2.1568" volume="107" year="2020 a">Koenen et al. (2020a)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="1F90AFA54F5E3E49589577EFBA289C1D" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.205.85866" author="Ringelberg, JJ" editor="Hughes, CE" journalOrPublisher="PhytoKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="3 - 58" refId="B712" refString="Ringelberg, JJ, Koenen, EJM, Iganci, JR, Queiroz, LP, Murphy, DJ, Gaudeul, M, Bruneau, A, Luckow, M, Lewis, GP, Hughes, CE, 2022. Phylogenomic analysis of 997 nuclear genes reveals the need for extensive generic re-delimitation in Caesalpinioideae (Leguminosae). In: Hughes, CE, Queiroz, LP, Lewis, GP, Eds., Advances in Legume Systematics 14. Classification of Caesalpinioideae Part 1: New generic delimitations. PhytoKeys 205: 3 - 58, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.205.85866" title="Phylogenomic analysis of 997 nuclear genes reveals the need for extensive generic re-delimitation in Caesalpinioideae (Leguminosae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.205.85866" volume="205" volumeTitle="Advances in Legume Systematics 14. Classification of Caesalpinioideae Part 1: New generic delimitations." year="2022">Ringelberg et al. (2022)</bibRefCitation>
or
<bibRefCitation id="A693144BDF3AEA6966698F26A23D545B" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.205.82728" author="Tamayo-Cen, I" editor="Hughes, CE" journalOrPublisher="PhytoKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="279 - 298" refId="B840" refString="Tamayo-Cen, I, Torke, BM, Lopez, Contreras JE, Carnevali, Fernandez-Concha G, Ramirez, Morillo I, Can, Itza LL, Duno, de Stefano R, 2022. Revisiting the phylogeny and taxonomy of the Pithecellobium clade (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae) with new generic circumscriptions. In: Hughes, CE, Queiroz, LP, Lewis, GP, Eds., Advances in Legume Systematics 14. Classification of Caesalpinioideae Part 1: New generic delimitations. PhytoKeys 205: 279 - 298, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.205.82728" title="Revisiting the phylogeny and taxonomy of the Pithecellobium clade (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae) with new generic circumscriptions." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.205.82728" volume="205" volumeTitle="Advances in Legume Systematics 14. Classification of Caesalpinioideae Part 1: New generic delimitations." year="2022">Tamayo-Cen et al. (2022)</bibRefCitation>
, prompting assignment of two species to the new segregate genus
<taxonomicName id="57736C22B675D587F243CDE5C8166473" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Gretheria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Gretheria" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4EEEAD77490BE24B8F017C154AB4B406" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Gretheria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="634473DABF853937D25682DDECFE6C1E" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.205.82728" author="Tamayo-Cen, I" editor="Hughes, CE" journalOrPublisher="PhytoKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="279 - 298" refId="B840" refString="Tamayo-Cen, I, Torke, BM, Lopez, Contreras JE, Carnevali, Fernandez-Concha G, Ramirez, Morillo I, Can, Itza LL, Duno, de Stefano R, 2022. Revisiting the phylogeny and taxonomy of the Pithecellobium clade (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae) with new generic circumscriptions. In: Hughes, CE, Queiroz, LP, Lewis, GP, Eds., Advances in Legume Systematics 14. Classification of Caesalpinioideae Part 1: New generic delimitations. PhytoKeys 205: 279 - 298, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.205.82728" title="Revisiting the phylogeny and taxonomy of the Pithecellobium clade (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae) with new generic circumscriptions." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.205.82728" volume="205" volumeTitle="Advances in Legume Systematics 14. Classification of Caesalpinioideae Part 1: New generic delimitations." year="2022">Tamayo-Cen et al. 2022</bibRefCitation>
), based on floral characters.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="BFF4BB4E091910F7831AC8A3AD9737BC" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="taxonomic references">
<paragraph id="7AA8E0340D7866BF80C77080A38D42EB" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Taxonomic references.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F73C69F6DB22F4B333C54295A5C10F47" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<bibRefCitation id="251C351E9FD6622B0CE60F460EB9FBD0" author="Barneby, RC" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 292" refId="B44" refString="Barneby, RC, Grimes, JW, 1996. Silk tree, Guanacaste, Monkey's earring: a generic system for the synandrous Mimosaceae of the Americas. Part I. Abarema, Albizia, and allies. Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden 74 (1): 1 - 292" title="Silk tree, Guanacaste, Monkey's earring: a generic system for the synandrous Mimosaceae of the Americas. Part I. Abarema, Albizia, and allies." volume="74" year="1996">Barneby and Grimes (1996)</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="547A7ACA29C7FAAFF8BD417A5FBD5994" author="Britton, NL" journalOrPublisher="North American Flora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 194" refId="B115" refString="Britton, NL, Rose, JN, 1928. Mimosaceae (Rosales). North American Flora 23: 1 - 194" title="Mimosaceae (Rosales)." volume="23" year="1928">Britton and Rose (1928)</bibRefCitation>
;
<normalizedToken id="E0E9AAB8B384FD39CB8662135BF8F2E4" originalValue="Calderón">Calderon</normalizedToken>
de Rzedowski (2007); Small (1991);
<bibRefCitation id="2829F6BD8E22300244026FF4EC10708C" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.205.82728" author="Tamayo-Cen, I" editor="Hughes, CE" journalOrPublisher="PhytoKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="279 - 298" refId="B840" refString="Tamayo-Cen, I, Torke, BM, Lopez, Contreras JE, Carnevali, Fernandez-Concha G, Ramirez, Morillo I, Can, Itza LL, Duno, de Stefano R, 2022. Revisiting the phylogeny and taxonomy of the Pithecellobium clade (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae) with new generic circumscriptions. In: Hughes, CE, Queiroz, LP, Lewis, GP, Eds., Advances in Legume Systematics 14. Classification of Caesalpinioideae Part 1: New generic delimitations. PhytoKeys 205: 279 - 298, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.205.82728" title="Revisiting the phylogeny and taxonomy of the Pithecellobium clade (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae) with new generic circumscriptions." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.205.82728" volume="205" volumeTitle="Advances in Legume Systematics 14. Classification of Caesalpinioideae Part 1: New generic delimitations." year="2022">Tamayo-Cen et al. (2022)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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<mods:title id="45948EA15AF10967C1817849FA9976C1">Chapter 7: Linnaean Plant Names and their Types (part E)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="1D759C621D6F43B232C0776880F17FE0">Jarvis, Charlie</mods:namePart>
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<emphasis id="12369858D531F2A75940710D8AA9EA13" bold="true" pageNumber="515">Exacum sessile</emphasis>
Linnaeus
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,
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<emphasis id="254B93B686A4EC4FB095A7594A92597E" italics="true" pageNumber="515">Species Plantarum</emphasis>
1
</volumeTitle>
: 112. 1753
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.
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<subSubSection id="6005914D249145DE28548F653245F7E7" pageNumber="515" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="0338462CF0B9A00C87FCEAFF65679E31" pageNumber="515">&quot;Habitat in Asia &amp; Africa.&quot; RCN: 921.</paragraph>
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<typeStatus id="8DEC9F5BF033117B28331B720192176D">Lectotype</typeStatus>
(Cramer in Dassanayake &amp; Fosberg,
<emphasis id="F3DA9DD7AAA4E07B56D3E190C9664D84" italics="true" pageNumber="515">Revised Handb. Fl. Ceylon</emphasis>
3: 65. 1981): Herb. Hermann 3: 42, No. 25 (BM-000621956)
</materialsCitation>
.
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<subSubSection id="D214A77AF7C13839754ACEA1B82726DF" pageNumber="515" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8CA7587A82319A8A130041706DF6340A" pageNumber="515">
<typeStatus id="FE0B35A5C053707576C868FA2E760ACB">Generitype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="E8884B8930F77C8A4F56EF6EDA448260" authority="Linnaeus" authorityName="Linnaeus" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gentianaceae" genus="Exacum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5C6B6AB2782ECB434CD77CED77303580" italics="true" pageNumber="515">Exacum</emphasis>
Linnaeus
</taxonomicName>
(vide Hitchcock,
<emphasis id="FFC0727DB2C51AD88382941C200C0D19" italics="true" pageNumber="515">Prop. Brit. Bot.</emphasis>
: 125. 1929).
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="DDFE7A0C7DB47235759038CEFE7BAF09" pageNumber="515">
Current name:
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<emphasis id="0900E4B26A084936AAEE092098866B71" bold="true" italics="true" pageNumber="515">Exacum sessile</emphasis>
L.
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="07F46EEA1045EBBBABF8870BAD000FA8" authorityName="de Jussieu" authorityYear="1789" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gentianaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Gentianaceae</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
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756
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<mods:namePart>Murray, Nancy A.</mods:namePart>
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13.
<taxonomicName LSID="3AD1D651-7D69-56BD-9EFE-DA1DB676CF05" authority="Diels, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 13: 271 - 272. 1936." authorityName="Diels, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 13: 271 – 272. 1936." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Xylopia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Xylopia collina" order="Magnoliales" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="collina">Xylopia collina Diels, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 13: 271-272. 1936.</taxonomicName>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Flowers of representative Xylopia species. A Flower from type collection of Xylopia globosa from Gabon B Xylopia tenuipetala from Mozambique C Xylopia quintasii from Gabon D Xylopia aethiopica from Gabon E Xylopia longipetala from Mali, representing a record for the country not otherwise documented F Xylopia piratae from Ivory Coast G Xylopia odoratissima from Zambia H Xylopia arenaria from Tanzania I Xylopia collina from Tanzania. A, D by Thomas L. P. Couvreur B by Frances Chase C by Ehoarn Bidault E by Philip Birnbaum F by Celine Pirat G by Warren McClelland H and I by D. M. Johnson." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.97.20975.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/199088" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Figs 3I</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Fruits and seeds of representative Xylopia species. A Xylopia staudtii from Democratic Republic of the Congo B Xylopia aethiopica from Republic of the Congo C Xylopia quintasii from Cameroon D Xylopia tenuipetala from Mozambique E Xylopia collina from Mozambique F Xylopia gracilipes from Mozambique G Xylopia hypolampra from Gabon H Xylopia tanganyikensis from Tanzania. A by Quentin Luke B by David Harris C, G by Thomas L. P. Couvreur D by Jonathan Timberlake E, F by Mervyn Loetter H by Noriko Itoh. C reproduced with permission of Thomas L. P. Couvreur and of the American Society of Plant Taxonomists D reproduced with the permission of Jonathan Timberlake and of the Board of Trustees, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.97.20975.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/199089" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">, 4E</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="F21" captionText="Figure 21. Xylopia collina and X. arenaria. A, C, F, H, I, J X. collina. A Monocarp, lateral view C Flower, lateral view F Stem gall H Habit I Bud J Torus with attached ovaries, lateral view B, D, E, G X. arenaria B Fruit D Habit E Flower bud with one outer petal removed, lateral view G Bud. A, F, H from Johnson et al. 1914 (OWU) B from Johnson &amp; Murray 1890 (OWU) C, I, J from Johnson et al. 1913 (OWU) D, E, G from Johnson et al. 1937 (OWU)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.97.20975.figure21" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/199106" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">, 21A, C, F, H, I, J</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="86" pageNumber="87" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Verdcourt" authorityYear="1971" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Xylopia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Xylopia latipetala" order="Magnoliales" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="latipetala">Xylopia latipetala</taxonomicName>
Verdcourt, Kew Bull. 25(1): 12. 1971. Type. TANZANIA. Lindi District: Rondo Plateau, Nahoro in
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Albizia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Albizia" order="Magnoliales" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Albizia</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authority="Baill., 1875 (Gaudich.)" authorityName="Baill., 1875 (Gaudich.)" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Chlorophora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Chlorophora" order="Magnoliales" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Chlorophora</taxonomicName>
woodland, on old termite-hill, 11 Dec 1955 (fl),
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Milne-Redhead &amp; Taylor 7617</emphasis>
(holotype: K-2 sheets!).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="86" pageNumber="87" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
<typeStatus>Type</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1934-10-14" collectorName="H. - J. E. Schlieben" country="TANZANIA" location="Lutambasee" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Lindi Region" typeStatus="lectotype">
<collectingCountry name="Tanzania">TANZANIA</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingRegion country="Tanzania" name="Lindi">Lindi Region</collectingRegion>
,
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" unit="km" value="40.0">40 km</quantity>
westlich von
<collectingRegion country="Tanzania" name="Lindi">Lindi</collectingRegion>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3AD1D6517D6956BD9EFEDA1DB676CF05:EEDDFFC5BB67FFE77A854CB70927C6FA" country="TANZANIA" name="Lutambasee" stateProvince="Lindi Region">Lutambasee</location>
[
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Lumbatasee”">&quot;Lumbatasee&quot;</normalizedToken>
],
<collectingDate value="1934-10-14">14 Oct 1934</collectingDate>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
<collectorName>H.-J. E. Schlieben</collectorName>
5470
</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus>lectotype</typeStatus>
, here designated: B! [10 0153136]; isotypes: B! [100153137, 100153138, 100153139], BM! [000511056], BR! [0000008824783], G! [00190716], HBG [502482, 502483, 502484], K! LISC! [000402], M! [0107918], MA! [385126], MO! [1703951], P! [00363256], PRE! [0397107-0], S! [07-13459],
</materialsCitation>
<collectingCountry name="United States of America">US</collectingCountry>
! [2214646]).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="86" pageNumber="87" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Shrub or small tree</emphasis>
up to 4 m tall, d.b.h. up to 4 cm, twigs often somewhat flexuous on new growth.
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Twigs</emphasis>
brown to reddish brown, densely erect-pubescent, the hairs 1-2 mm long, becoming gray-brown, glabrate or with the hairs somewhat persistent, bark developing minute exfoliations on the leafless growth; nodes occasionally with two axillary branches.
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Leaf</emphasis>
with larger blades 4-8.4 cm long, 2.1-4.4 cm wide, chartaceous, concolorous or slightly discolorous, elliptic to ovate, occasionally lanceolate or obovate, apex acute to rounded, base subcordate or rounded, uniformly pubescent with hairs persistent on both surfaces and on the margin, slightly denser on the midrib; midrib plane to slightly raised adaxially, slightly raised abaxially, secondary veins indistinctly brochidodromous, 6-13 per side, diverging at 35-70° from the midrib, these and higher-order veins slightly raised on both surfaces; petiole 2-4 mm long, shallowly canaliculate, pubescent.
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Inflorescences</emphasis>
axillary, 1-flowered, pubescent; pedicels not pedunculate, 1-3 mm long, 0.6-1.5 mm thick; bracts 2, evenly spaced along pedicel, caducous or rarely persistent, 1-2.7 mm long, semicircular or crescent-shaped, apex obtuse; buds lanceolate to ovoid, apex acute.
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Sepals</emphasis>
erect to slightly spreading at anthesis, 1/5-1/2-connate, 2.5-4.1 mm long, 2.5-3 (-4.8) mm wide, coriaceous, ovate, apex acute, pubescent abaxially.
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Petals</emphasis>
dull red to grayish pink
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">in vivo</emphasis>
; outer petals erect at anthesis, 9-20.4 mm long, 2.5-8 mm wide, 1.4-3.9 mm wide at midpoint, coriaceous to fleshy, linear-lanceolate to lanceolate, apex acute, densely puberulent on both surfaces except for a glabrous patch at base adaxially; inner petals geniculate at anthesis, with the apices bent sharply outward between the outer petals, 6-15.4 mm long, 2-5.2 mm wide, wide, 0.4-2.3 mm wide at midpoint, coriaceous to fleshy, lanceolate-acuminate, apex acute, base with undifferentiated margin, transversely thickened at the widest point adaxially, bearing a band of corrugated tissue just above the claw, puberulent except for glabrous base adaxially, puberulent on narrow apical portion and medial region of base but otherwise glabrous abaxially.
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Stamens</emphasis>
120-200; fertile stamens 0.8-1.4 mm long, narrowly oblong to clavate, apex of connective 0.1-0.3 mm long, shieldlike or slightly hemispheric, overhanging the anther thecae, papillate, anthers 10-17-locellate, filament 0.3-0.4 mm long; outer staminodes 1.0-1.3 mm long, clavate, apex truncate, sometimes oblique; inner staminodes 0.8-0.9 mm long, clavate to oblong, apex rounded to truncate; staminal cone 1.7-2.8 mm in diameter, 1.0-1.7 mm high, concealing only the bases of the ovaries, rim laciniate.
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Carpels</emphasis>
3-7; ovaries ca. 1 mm long, oblong, sericeous, stigmas connivent, ca. 1.3 mm long, lanceolate to trowel-shaped, bearing a tuft of hairs at the apex.
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Torus</emphasis>
flat, 2.5-3.2 mm in diameter.
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Fruit</emphasis>
of up to 6 glabrate monocarps borne on a pedicel 3-7 mm long, 1.2-2 mm thick, pubescent, with sepals persistent; torus 2.5-4 mm in diameter, 2.0-2.2 mm high, globose to depressed-globose.
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Monocarps</emphasis>
with yellowish or glaucous green exterior and scarlet endocarp
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">in vivo</emphasis>
, 1.3-3.6 cm long, 0.6-1.3 cm wide, (0.5-) 0.7-1.2 cm thick, oblong, irregularly torulose, apex obtuse to acute, rarely mucronate, contracted into a stipe 3-10 mm long, 1.7-2.2 mm thick, surface pruinose, longitudinally wrinkled and finely verrucose; pericarp ca. 0.5 mm thick.
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Seeds</emphasis>
up to 7 per monocarp, in two irregular rows, lying oblique to long axis, 9.8-12.2 mm long, 5.5-7.4 mm wide, 4.5-7.0 mm thick, pyriform, narrowed into a cylindrical neck 1.6-2.3 mm long and 2.7-3.5 mm wide toward micropyle, irregularly ellipsoid in cross section, obliquely truncate at micropylar end, rounded at chalazal end, brown, smooth, shiny, raphe/antiraphe not evident, micropylar scar 1.4-1.5 mm long, 1.0-1.1 mm wide, elliptic; sarcotesta bright orange, fleshy
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">in vivo</emphasis>
; aril absent.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="86" pageNumber="87" type="phenology">
<paragraph pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Phenology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Specimens with flowers have been collected in February, March, October, and December, and with fruits in June and from November to March.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="87" lastPageNumber="88" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Distribution</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="87" lastPageNumber="88" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
(Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 22" captionStartId="F22" captionText="Figure 22. Distributions of Xylopia arenaria, X. collina, X. tomentosa, and X. keniensis in southern and eastern Africa. Bolder lines represent country borders, fainter lines lakes and major rivers." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.97.20975.figure22" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/199107" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">22</figureCitation>
). Restricted to southeastern Tanzania and northeastern Mozambique, where it grows in thickets and open woodland on slopes and plateau surfaces, usu
<pageBreakToken pageId="87" pageNumber="88" start="start">ally</pageBreakToken>
on deep white sand and less commonly on loam, often locally common on roadsides and in areas mixed with planted cashew (
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Anacardiaceae" genus="Anacardium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Anacardium" order="Sapindales" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Anacardium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) trees, at elevations of 200-900 m.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="87" pageNumber="88" type="local names">
<paragraph pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Local names.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
Mutuka (Kimakonde,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Busse 2858</emphasis>
), nampemedi (Kiswahili,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Johnson &amp; Swedi 1914</emphasis>
), pempantavala (Kimuera,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Schlieben 5470</emphasis>
; the same common name was reported by Schlieben as being used for
<taxonomicName authorityName="Endlicher" authorityYear="1839" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Annonaceae" genus="Popowia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Popowia" order="Magnoliales" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Popowia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(now
<taxonomicName authorityName="Baillon" authorityYear="1890" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Monanthotaxis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Monanthotaxis" order="Magnoliales" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Monanthotaxis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
)
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">trichantha</emphasis>
, see
<bibRefCitation author="Diels, L" journalOrPublisher="Revista Brasileira de Botanica, Sao Paulo" pageId="184" pageNumber="185" refId="B46" refString="Diels, L, 1936. In Mildbraed J, Neue und seltene Arten aus Ostafrika (Tanganyika-Territ. Mandat) leg. H. J. Schlieben, XI. Notizblatt des Botanischen Gartens und Museums zu Berlin-Dahlem 13: 265-272, Abb. 9." title="In Mildbraed J, Neue und seltene Arten aus Ostafrika (Tanganyika-Territ. Mandat) leg. H. J. Schlieben, XI. Notizblatt des Botanischen Gartens und Museums zu Berlin-Dahlem 13: 265 - 272, Abb. 9." year="1936">Diels 1936</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="88" lastPageNumber="89" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Additional specimens examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1991-02-13" collectorName="Bidgood" country="TANZANIA" county="Rondo Plateau" latitude="-10.116667" location="Forest Station" longLatPrecision="1298" longitude="39.233334" municipality="Rondo Forest Reserve" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Lindi">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
<collectingCountry name="Tanzania">TANZANIA</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
.
<collectingRegion country="Tanzania" name="Lindi">Lindi</collectingRegion>
:
<collectingCounty>Rondo Plateau</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality>Rondo Forest Reserve</collectingMunicipality>
, below
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3AD1D6517D6956BD9EFEDA1DB676CF05:D32ECCA227FA93CF8F2CD1E2D3F2C5A5" country="TANZANIA" county="Rondo Plateau" latitude="-10.116667" longLatPrecision="1298" longitude="39.233334" municipality="Rondo Forest Reserve" name="Forest Station" stateProvince="Lindi">Forest Station</location>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="10" direction="south" minutes="07" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-10.116667">10°07'S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="39" direction="east" minutes="14" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="39.233334">39°14'E</geoCoordinate>
,
<collectingDate value="1991-02-13">13 Feb 1991</collectingDate>
(fl),
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
<collectorName>Bidgood</collectorName>
et al. 1535
</emphasis>
(DSM, EA, K, NHT),
<collectingDate value="1991-02-13">13 Feb 1991</collectingDate>
(fr),
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
<collectorName>Bidgood</collectorName>
et al. 1544
</emphasis>
(EA, K-2 sheets, MO, NHT)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1991-02-16" collectorName="Bidgood" country="Tanzania" latitude="-10.2" location="Rondo Plateau" longLatPrecision="1298" longitude="39.333332" municipality="Nyengedi" specimenCount="1">
track from
<collectingMunicipality>Nyengedi</collectingMunicipality>
to
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3AD1D6517D6956BD9EFEDA1DB676CF05:659DF982139921478CF303BCA4AAF078" country="Tanzania" latitude="-10.2" longLatPrecision="1298" longitude="39.333332" municipality="Nyengedi" name="Rondo Plateau">Rondo Plateau</location>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="10" direction="south" minutes="12" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-10.2">10°12'S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="39" direction="east" minutes="20" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="39.333332">39°20'E</geoCoordinate>
,
<collectingDate value="1991-02-16">16 Feb 1991</collectingDate>
(fl),
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
<collectorName>Bidgood</collectorName>
et al. 1600
</emphasis>
(DSM, EA, K, NHT)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1903-06-14" collectorName="Busse" country="Tanzania" county="Nordwestliches Muera-Plateau" elevation="600" location="Boden" municipality="Buschenklave" specimenCount="1">
[&quot;
<collectingCounty>Nordwestliches Muera-Plateau</collectingCounty>
, etwa
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" unit="m" value="600.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" unit="m" value="600.0">600 m</elevation>
</quantity>
<normalizedToken originalValue="ü">ue</normalizedToken>
. M., in dichter
<collectingMunicipality>Buschenklave</collectingMunicipality>
auf sandigen
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3AD1D6517D6956BD9EFEDA1DB676CF05:D2659E41F0E46C04EE9DCE0A2CAF94EC" country="Tanzania" county="Nordwestliches Muera-Plateau" municipality="Buschenklave" name="Boden">Boden</location>
&quot;,
<collectingDate value="1903-06-14">14 Jun 1903</collectingDate>
(fr), ex
<bibRefCitation author="Diels, L" journalOrPublisher="Revista Brasileira de Botanica, Sao Paulo" pageId="184" pageNumber="185" refId="B46" refString="Diels, L, 1936. In Mildbraed J, Neue und seltene Arten aus Ostafrika (Tanganyika-Territ. Mandat) leg. H. J. Schlieben, XI. Notizblatt des Botanischen Gartens und Museums zu Berlin-Dahlem 13: 265-272, Abb. 9." title="In Mildbraed J, Neue und seltene Arten aus Ostafrika (Tanganyika-Territ. Mandat) leg. H. J. Schlieben, XI. Notizblatt des Botanischen Gartens und Museums zu Berlin-Dahlem 13: 265 - 272, Abb. 9." year="1936">Diels 1936</bibRefCitation>
],
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
<collectorName>Busse</collectorName>
2858
</emphasis>
(EA)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1951-11" collectorName="Eggeling" country="Tanzania" location="Rondo Plateau" municipality="Mchinjiri" specimenCount="1">
<collectingMunicipality>Mchinjiri</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3AD1D6517D6956BD9EFEDA1DB676CF05:C588D88CFCDBEF6AE22F4D4D24E3B267" country="Tanzania" municipality="Mchinjiri" name="Rondo Plateau">Rondo Plateau</location>
,
<collectingDate value="1951-11">Nov 1951</collectingDate>
(buds),
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
<collectorName>Eggeling</collectorName>
6386
</emphasis>
(K, TFD)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1996-03-07" collectingDateMax="1996-03-08" collectingDateMin="1996-03-07" collectorName="Johnson, Swedi" country="Tanzania" county="Nyengedi" latitude="-10.233334" location="Mnazimoja" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="39.4" municipality="Masasi" specimenCount="1">
track from
<collectingCounty>Nyengedi</collectingCounty>
(between
<collectingMunicipality>Masasi</collectingMunicipality>
and
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3AD1D6517D6956BD9EFEDA1DB676CF05:5F021537B7E9C8016C2547E316A23062" country="Tanzania" county="Nyengedi" latitude="-10.233334" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="39.4" municipality="Masasi" name="Mnazimoja">Mnazimoja</location>
) to
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3AD1D6517D6956BD9EFEDA1DB676CF05:FEA7CAECBD3FF083147BDC54464A4E91" country="Tanzania" county="Nyengedi" latitude="-10.233334" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="39.4" municipality="Masasi" name="Rondo Plateau">Rondo Plateau</location>
, ca.
<locationDeviation location="Nyengedi">
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" unit="km" value="3.0">3 km</quantity>
N of Nyengedi
</locationDeviation>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="10" direction="south" minutes="14" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="00" value="-10.233334">10°14'00&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="39" direction="east" minutes="24" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="00" value="39.4">39°24'00&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
,
<collectingDate value="1996-03-07">7 Mar 1996</collectingDate>
(fl, fr),
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
<collectorName>Johnson</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName>Swedi</collectorName>
1906
</emphasis>
,
<collectingDate value="1996-03-08">8 Mar 1996</collectingDate>
(fl, fr),
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
<collectorName>Johnson</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName>Swedi</collectorName>
1910
</emphasis>
(DSM, OWU)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1996-03-10" collectorName="Johnson, Swedi" country="Tanzania" latitude="-10.316667" location="Nyangamara Forest Reserve" longLatPrecision="1298" longitude="39.983334" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Lindi District">
<collectingRegion country="Tanzania" name="Lindi">Lindi District</collectingRegion>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3AD1D6517D6956BD9EFEDA1DB676CF05:62976D1798FB5FC659E5F862A8589225" country="Tanzania" latitude="-10.316667" longLatPrecision="1298" longitude="39.983334" name="Nyangamara Forest Reserve" stateProvince="Lindi District">Nyangamara Forest Reserve</location>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="10" direction="south" minutes="19" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-10.316667">10°19'S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="39" direction="east" minutes="59" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="39.983334">39°59'E</geoCoordinate>
,
<collectingDate value="1996-03-10">10 Mar 1996</collectingDate>
(fl, fr),
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
<collectorName>Johnson</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName>Swedi</collectorName>
1914
</emphasis>
(DSM, OWU)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2008-07-08" collectorName="Mwangoka" country="Tanzania" latitude="-9.9" location="Noto Plateau" longLatPrecision="1298" longitude="39.4" specimenCount="1">
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3AD1D6517D6956BD9EFEDA1DB676CF05:B970A7B32856F378B5ACA1136550B9FF" country="Tanzania" latitude="-9.9" longLatPrecision="1298" longitude="39.4" name="Noto Plateau">Noto Plateau</location>
,
<locationDeviation location="Chitoa Plateau">N of Chitoa Plateau</locationDeviation>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="09" direction="south" minutes="54" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-9.9">09°54'S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="39" direction="east" minutes="24" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="39.4">39°24'E</geoCoordinate>
,
<collectingDate value="2008-07-08">8 Jul 2008</collectingDate>
(buds),
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
<collectorName>Mwangoka</collectorName>
et al. 5801
</emphasis>
(OWU)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1968-01-21" collectorName="Shabani" country="Tanzania" location="Rondo Forest Reserve" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Lindi District">
<collectingRegion country="Tanzania" name="Lindi">Lindi District</collectingRegion>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3AD1D6517D6956BD9EFEDA1DB676CF05:880E795C16377EF194B5E25B5397A707" country="Tanzania" name="Rondo Forest Reserve" stateProvince="Lindi District">Rondo Forest Reserve</location>
,
<collectingDate value="1968-01-21">21 Jan 1968</collectingDate>
(fr),
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
<collectorName>Shabani</collectorName>
43
</emphasis>
(EA, TFD)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2005-11-03" collectorName="Simon Laizer" country="Tanzania" county="Rural District" elevation="640" latitude="-10.205277" location="Namiupa Ward" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="39.155834" municipality="Mtama Division" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Lindi">
<collectingRegion country="Tanzania" name="Lindi">Lindi</collectingRegion>
<collectingRegion inferredBySuffix="true">
<collectingCounty>Rural District</collectingCounty>
</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingMunicipality>Mtama Division</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3AD1D6517D6956BD9EFEDA1DB676CF05:E073F999DC89F8DBCD77EF03C2D48064" country="Tanzania" county="Rural District" latitude="-10.205277" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="39.155834" municipality="Mtama Division" name="Namiupa Ward" stateProvince="Lindi">Namiupa Ward</location>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3AD1D6517D6956BD9EFEDA1DB676CF05:E26AAE49D7D26506BC2381D8C0097789" country="Tanzania" county="Rural District" latitude="-10.205277" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="39.155834" municipality="Mtama Division" name="Rondo Forest Reserve" stateProvince="Lindi">Rondo Forest Reserve</location>
,
<locationDeviation location="Mihima Village">NW of Mihima Village</locationDeviation>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="10" direction="south" minutes="12" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="19" value="-10.205277">10°12'19&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="39" direction="east" minutes="09" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="21" value="39.155834">39°09'21&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.4" unit="m" value="640.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.4" unit="m" value="640.0">640 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<collectingDate value="2005-11-03">3 Nov 2005</collectingDate>
(fr),
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
<collectorName>Simon Laizer</collectorName>
et al. 1352
</emphasis>
(OWU)
</materialsCitation>
.-
<collectingRegion country="Tanzania" name="Mtwara">Mtwara</collectingRegion>
:
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1942-12-16" collectorName="Gillman" country="Tanzania" location="Mahuta" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Newala District">
<collectingRegion inferredBySuffix="true">Newala District</collectingRegion>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3AD1D6517D6956BD9EFEDA1DB676CF05:0F4D35E59B2DD1DA76A57A11AD66B093" country="Tanzania" name="Mahuta" stateProvince="Newala District">Mahuta</location>
,
<collectingDate value="1942-12-16">16 Dec 1942</collectingDate>
(buds),
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
<collectorName>Gillman</collectorName>
1055
</emphasis>
(EA, K)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1943-03-23" collectorName="Gillman" country="Tanzania" location="Mnima" specimenCount="1">
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3AD1D6517D6956BD9EFEDA1DB676CF05:333A7C9D488903BD4BEF7FB1185C8C05" country="Tanzania" name="Mnima">Mnima</location>
,
<collectingDate value="1943-03-23">23 Mar 1943</collectingDate>
(fr),
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
<collectorName>Gillman</collectorName>
1293
</emphasis>
(K)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1996-03-10" collectorName="Johnson, Swedi" country="Tanzania" latitude="-10.05" location="Mkwiti" longLatPrecision="1298" longitude="40.183334" municipality="Mtama" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Newala District">
<collectingRegion inferredBySuffix="true">Newala District</collectingRegion>
, road from
<collectingMunicipality>Mtama</collectingMunicipality>
to
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3AD1D6517D6956BD9EFEDA1DB676CF05:84B50500D07BC24A433A1EDC5C9285E5" country="Tanzania" latitude="-10.05" longLatPrecision="1298" longitude="40.183334" municipality="Mtama" name="Mkwiti" stateProvince="Newala District">Mkwiti</location>
, ca.
<locationDeviation location="Mkwiti">
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" unit="km" value="2.0">2 km</quantity>
N of Mkwiti
</locationDeviation>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="10" direction="south" minutes="03" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-10.05">10°03'S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="40" direction="east" minutes="11" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="40.183334">40°11'E</geoCoordinate>
,
<collectingDate value="1996-03-10">10 Mar 1996</collectingDate>
(fl, fr),
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
<collectorName>Johnson</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName>Swedi</collectorName>
1913
</emphasis>
(DSM, OWU)
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2008-03-12" collectorName="Burrows" country="MOZAMBIQUE" elevation="60" latitude="-10.680278" location="Quionga" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="40.43639" municipality="Palma area" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Cabo Delgado">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
<collectingCountry name="Mozambique">MOZAMBIQUE</collectingCountry>
.
</emphasis>
<collectingRegion country="Mozambique" name="Cabo Delgado">Cabo Delgado</collectingRegion>
:
<collectingMunicipality>Palma area</collectingMunicipality>
, on old western road to
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3AD1D6517D6956BD9EFEDA1DB676CF05:49C8B4643C740255C7A612D9E0B34F2F" country="MOZAMBIQUE" latitude="-10.680278" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="40.43639" municipality="Palma area" name="Quionga" stateProvince="Cabo Delgado">Quionga</location>
,
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.08" unit="km" value="10.8">10.8 km</quantity>
from the roundabout at the white church,
<geoCoordinate degrees="10" direction="south" minutes="40" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="49" value="-10.680278">10°40'49&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="40" direction="east" minutes="26" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="11" value="40.43639">40°26'11&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" unit="m" value="60.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" unit="m" value="60.0">60 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<collectingDate value="2008-03-12">12 Mar 2008</collectingDate>
(fl buds),
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
<collectorName>Burrows</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName>Burrows</collectorName>
10942
</emphasis>
(K)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2008-12-05" collectorName="Goyder" country="Mozambique" elevation="65" latitude="-10.92375" location="Palma" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="40.393" municipality="Palma area" specimenCount="1">
<collectingMunicipality>Palma area</collectingMunicipality>
,
<locationDeviation location="Muangaza">
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="km" value="1.0">1 km</quantity>
E of Muangaza
</locationDeviation>
S of
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3AD1D6517D6956BD9EFEDA1DB676CF05:1CA2DF0190B1735CA6707F4F5208CD40" country="Mozambique" latitude="-10.92375" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="40.393" municipality="Palma area" name="Palma">Palma</location>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="10" direction="south" minutes="55" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="25.5" value="-10.92375">10°55'25.5&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="40" direction="east" minutes="23" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="34.8" value="40.393">40°23'34.8&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" unit="m" value="65.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" unit="m" value="65.0">65 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<collectingDate value="2008-12-05">5 Dec 2008</collectingDate>
(fr),
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
<collectorName>Goyder</collectorName>
et al. 5084
</emphasis>
(K)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2009-09-10" collectorName="Loetter, Turpin" country="Mozambique" elevation="573" latitude="-11.324166" location="Nanhamba" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="39.315277" specimenCount="1">
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3AD1D6517D6956BD9EFEDA1DB676CF05:CAFFA3E55B2037DB00FEBB2E7D1C5B08" country="Mozambique" latitude="-11.324166" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="39.315277" name="Nanhamba">Nanhamba</location>
,
<locationDeviation location="Mocimboa do Rovuma">
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" unit="km" value="7.0">7 km</quantity>
S of Mocimboa do Rovuma
</locationDeviation>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="11" direction="south" minutes="19" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="27" value="-11.324166">11°19'27&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="39" direction="east" minutes="18" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="55" value="39.315277">39°18'55&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.7299999999999995" unit="m" value="573.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.7299999999999995" unit="m" value="573.0">573 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<collectingDate value="2009-09-10">10 Sep 2009</collectingDate>
(fr),
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Lötter">
<collectorName>Loetter</collectorName>
</normalizedToken>
&amp;
<collectorName>Turpin</collectorName>
1882
</emphasis>
(K)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2003-12-12" collectorName="Luke" country="Mozambique" elevation="860" latitude="-11.4" location="Mueda Plateau" longLatPrecision="1295" longitude="39.383335" specimenCount="1">
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3AD1D6517D6956BD9EFEDA1DB676CF05:80715EE1E5EE1D98CA3AE6372A798F0E" country="Mozambique" latitude="-11.4" longLatPrecision="1295" longitude="39.383335" name="Mueda Plateau">Mueda Plateau</location>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="11" direction="south" minutes="24" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-11.4">11°24'S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="39" direction="east" minutes="23" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="39.383335">39°23'E</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.6" unit="m" value="860.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.6" unit="m" value="860.0">860 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<collectingDate value="2003-12-12">12 Dec 2003</collectingDate>
(yg fr),
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
<collectorName>Luke</collectorName>
et al. 10039
</emphasis>
(K, MO)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1948-09-20" collectorName="Pedro, Pedrogao" country="Mozambique" location="Chomba" municipality="Chomba" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Niassa">
<collectingRegion country="Mozambique" name="Niassa">Niassa</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingMunicipality>Chomba</collectingMunicipality>
, entre o cruzamento e
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3AD1D6517D6956BD9EFEDA1DB676CF05:CB35D1FDE40CF9A6D3BD7DBDC28C556D" country="Mozambique" municipality="Chomba" name="Chomba" stateProvince="Niassa">Chomba</location>
,
<collectingDate value="1948-09-20">20 Sep 1948</collectingDate>
(st),
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
<collectorName>Pedro</collectorName>
&amp;
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pedrogão">
<collectorName>Pedrogao</collectorName>
</normalizedToken>
5279
</emphasis>
(EA)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2008-12-06" collectorName="Timberlake" country="Mozambique" elevation="56" latitude="-10.677751" location="Miculumo area" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="40.41914" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Palma District">
<collectingRegion inferredBySuffix="true">Palma District</collectingRegion>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3AD1D6517D6956BD9EFEDA1DB676CF05:526ACA509895730D61C200F25CDFCD24" country="Mozambique" latitude="-10.677751" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="40.41914" name="Miculumo area" stateProvince="Palma District">Miculumo area</location>
,
<locationDeviation location="Palma">
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="km" value="10.0">10 km</quantity>
NW of Palma
</locationDeviation>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="10" direction="south" minutes="40" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="39.9" value="-10.677751">10°40'39.9&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="40" direction="east" minutes="25" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="08.9" value="40.41914">40°25'08.9&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.6" unit="m" value="56.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.6" unit="m" value="56.0">56 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<collectingDate value="2008-12-06">6 Dec 2008</collectingDate>
(fl),
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
<collectorName>Timberlake</collectorName>
et al. 5640
</emphasis>
(K)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="88" lastPageNumber="89" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
The red flowers of
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ulmaceae" genus="Xylopia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Xylopia collina" order="Magnoliales" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="collina">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Xylopia collina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are unusual in the genus and, coupled with the shrub habit, the long erect hairs on the twigs and leaves, and the pruinose surface of the dried monocarps, make it a distinctive and easily recognized plant. With the examination of more extensive material, we do not maintain
<taxonomicName authorityName="Verdcourt" authorityYear="1971" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ulmaceae" genus="Xylopia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Xylopia latipetala" order="Magnoliales" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="latipetala">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Xylopia latipetala</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Verdc. as a distinct species. The
<typeStatus>type</typeStatus>
specimen,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Milne-Redhead and Taylor 7617</emphasis>
, does indeed bear flowers with sepals and petals broader than in the
<typeStatus>type</typeStatus>
specimen of
<taxonomicName family="Annonaceae" genus="X." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="X. collina" order="Magnoliales" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" rank="species" species="collina">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">X. collina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but the gap in sizes presented in
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/4103132" author="Verdcourt, B" journalOrPublisher="Kew Bulletin" pageId="191" pageNumber="192" pagination="1 - 34" refId="B175" refString="Verdcourt, B, 1971a. Notes on East African Annonaceae. Kew Bulletin 25 (1): 1 - 34, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/4103132" title="Notes on East African Annonaceae." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/4103132" volume="25" year="1971 a">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Verdcourt’s">Verdcourt's</normalizedToken>
(1971a)
</bibRefCitation>
description has now been filled by
<typeStatus isOtherTypeStatus="true">additional specimens</typeStatus>
:
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Bidgood et al. 1535</emphasis>
, for example, has flowers with the outer petals
<quantity metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.9" metricValueMax="6.9" metricValueMin="4.9" unit="mm" value="5.9" valueMax="6.9" valueMin="4.9">4.9-6.9 mm</quantity>
wide, i.e. intermediate in size between the two described species. We
<pageBreakToken pageId="88" pageNumber="89" start="start">also</pageBreakToken>
observed considerable variation in petal size and shape within field populations of
<taxonomicName family="Annonaceae" genus="X." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="X. collina" order="Magnoliales" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="collina">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">X. collina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, suggesting that variation in petal size is a normal attribute of this species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="88" pageNumber="89">
Although the flowers emit an ester/vinegar scent of rotting fruit during the middle of the day, suggesting small flies, nitidulid beetles, or thrips as possible flower visitors, no pollinators were found. Color cues may be important in determining the timing of pollinator behavior, as the flower buds are initially white, then become pink or pinkish orange, and finally turn pinkish red. The tips of the petals often become black or dark gray. A band of corrugated tissue crosses the adaxial surface of the inner petal at its widest extent and may provide a food reward for pollinators. As in
<taxonomicName family="Annonaceae" genus="X." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="X. arenaria" order="Magnoliales" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="arenaria">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">X. arenaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, onset of anthesis is signalled by the bending of the apices of the inner petals so that they emerge through the gaps between the erect outer petals.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="88" pageNumber="89">
Associates observed at several sites included
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" genus="Bosqueiopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bosqueiopsis gilletii" order="Rosales" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gilletii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Bosqueiopsis gilletii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" genus="Milicia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Milicia excelsa" order="Rosales" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="excelsa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Milicia excelsa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authorityName="K. Schum" authorityYear="1895" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Tiliaceae" genus="Grewia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Grewia conocarpa" order="Malvales" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="conocarpa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Grewia conocarpa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and species of
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Albizia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Albizia" order="Magnoliales" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Albizia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Heinsia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Heinsia" order="Gentianales" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Heinsia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Hymenocardia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Hymenocardia" order="Malpighiales" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Hymenocardia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Fabaceae" genus="Indigofera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Indigofera" order="Rosales" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Indigofera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Fabaceae" genus="Mimosa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Mimosa" order="Rosales" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Mimosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Engler" authorityYear="1894" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Combretaceae" genus="Pteleopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pteleopsis" order="Myrtales" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Pteleopsis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. In the area of a recent burn on the Rondo Plateau in March, 1996,
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ulmaceae" genus="Xylopia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Xylopia collina" order="Magnoliales" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="collina">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Xylopia collina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was one of several
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anonaceae" genus="Annonaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Annonaceae" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Annonaceae</taxonomicName>
, including also
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Dielsiothamnus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Dielsiothamnus divaricatus" order="Magnoliales" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="divaricatus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Dielsiothamnus divaricatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Verdcourt" authorityYear="1971" baseAuthorityName="Engl." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Monanthotaxis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Monanthotaxis buchananii" order="Magnoliales" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="buchananii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Monanthotaxis buchananii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Monodora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Monodora minor" order="Magnoliales" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="minor">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Monodora minor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Oliver" authorityYear="1868" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Uvaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Uvaria acuminata" order="Magnoliales" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="acuminata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Uvaria acuminata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, observed to be regenerating from a rootstock after fire. The indurated black bud scales on the vegetative buds may play a role in allowing shoot regeneration after fire or drought; such bud scales are unusual in
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anonaceae" genus="Annonaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Annonaceae" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Annonaceae</taxonomicName>
, where dormant shoot tips are typically naked. The growth of
<taxonomicName family="Annonaceae" genus="X." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="X. collina" order="Magnoliales" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="collina">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">X. collina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
also exhibits distinctive stem galls (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="F20" captionText="Figure 20. Xylopia tenuipetala. A Leaf B Habit C Fruit, showing one dehisced and one undehisced monocarp D Seed, view of micropylar end E Seed, side view F Carpel, with ovary dissected to show two ovules G Stamen, abaxial view H Flower I Inner petal, adaxial view J Outer petal, adaxial view. A, F-J from Goyder et al. 6090 (K) B from photograph of same in vivo C-E from Goyder et al. 5089 (K). Reproduced with the permission of the Board of Trustees, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.97.20975.figure20" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/199105" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">20F</figureCitation>
) that are seen in other African species of
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ulmaceae" genus="Xylopia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Xylopia" order="Magnoliales" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Xylopia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="88" pageNumber="89">
There are four sheets of the type collection,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Schlieben 5470</emphasis>
, at B. None is in exact agreement with the protologue concerning the type locality, but the sheet with detail drawings of the floral parts attached is chosen as the
<typeStatus>lectotype</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="88" pageNumber="89">
As shown in Table
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Conservation assessment data for 28 African species of Xylopia. Threat status was taken from the IUCN Red List on 3 January 2018. Extent of Occurrence (EOO), Area of Occupancy (AOO), and number of localities based on the present study. IUCN status abbreviations are DD = Data Deficient, EN = Endangered, NT = Near Threatened, VU = Vulnerable. Footnoted references for published non-IUCN conservation assessments are † = Onana and Cheek 2011, ‡ = Johnson et al. 2017." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/92BA95775F3A914B799DD8820C327EB1" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" tableUuid="92BA95775F3A914B799DD8820C327EB1">1</tableCitation>
, the AOO for this species was relatively high (
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.6" unit="km" value="76.0">76 km</quantity>
2) for the size of its EOO (
<quantity metricMagnitude="7" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2374" unit="km" value="12374.0">12,374 km</quantity>
2). We found
<taxonomicName family="Annonaceae" genus="X." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="X. collina" order="Magnoliales" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="collina">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">X. collina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to be locally frequent along roadsides, which may make it more frequently collected. In the IUCN Red List (version 3.1), it has been classified, however, as Endangered, largely due to the small size of its global distribution and local habitat alteration.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="88" pageNumber="89">
A decoction of the leaves of
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ulmaceae" genus="Xylopia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Xylopia collina" order="Magnoliales" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="collina">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Xylopia collina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was reported by local informants in the Nyangamara region of southern
<collectingCountry name="Tanzania">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
to be used as a treatment for hernia.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.816.29738" ID-GBIF-Dataset="31bce27d-7094-467b-95ae-009a27e00cf5" ID-PMC="PMC6341056" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-816-1" ID-PubMed="30686917" ID-ZBK="51CEEF2E1E1040A8A6731140426ED5A7" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2019" ModsDocID="1313-2970-816-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 816" ModsDocTitle="A taxonomic review of the pericaline ground-beetles in Taiwan, with descriptions of new species (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Lebiini)" checkinTime="1547561011487" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Hunting, Wesley &amp; Yang, Man-Miao" docDate="2019" docId="3AD1E6A2789AF37FB470A5320015FB73" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 816: 1-164" docOrigin="ZooKeys 816" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.816.29738" docTitle="Serrimargo Chaudoir" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="143" masterDocId="AA26FF84157BFFAE490E7F133744FF98" masterDocTitle="A taxonomic review of the pericaline ground-beetles in Taiwan, with descriptions of new species (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Lebiini)" masterLastPageNumber="164" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="143" updateTime="1668166739332" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>A taxonomic review of the pericaline ground-beetles in Taiwan, with descriptions of new species (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Lebiini)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart>Hunting, Wesley</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart>Yang, Man-Miao</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date>2019</mods:date>
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<mods:number>816</mods:number>
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<taxonomicName authority="Chaudoir" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Serrimargo" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Serrimargo" order="Coleoptera" pageId="142" pageNumber="143" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Serrimargo Chaudoir</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Serrimargo" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Serrimargo" order="Coleoptera" pageId="142" pageNumber="143" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Serrimargo</taxonomicName>
Chaudoir, 1869: 134;
<bibRefCitation author="Andrewes, HE" journalOrPublisher="The Annals and Magazine of Natural History Series" pageId="148" pageNumber="149" pagination="128 - 139" title="Papers on Oriental Carabidae. XXXV. On the types of some Indian genera." volume="3" year="1939">Andrewes 1939</bibRefCitation>
: 137;
<bibRefCitation pageId="142" pageNumber="143">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Jedlička">Jedlicka</normalizedToken>
1963
</bibRefCitation>
: 369;
<bibRefCitation author="Lorenz, W" journalOrPublisher="Paussinae, Cicindelinae, Rhysodinae). Second ed. Germany" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" title="Systematic List of Extant Ground Beetles of the World. (Insecta, Coleoptera, Adephaga: Trachypachidae &amp; Carabidae incl." year="2005">Lorenz 2005</bibRefCitation>
: 463;
<bibRefCitation author="Fedorenko, DN" journalOrPublisher="Russian Entomological Journal" pageId="150" pageNumber="151" pagination="1 - 10" title="A review of the genus Serrimargo, with description of new species and a new subspecies (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Lebiini)." url="https://doi.org/10.15298/rusentj.27.1.01" volume="27" year="2018">Fedorenko 2018</bibRefCitation>
: 1.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="142" pageNumber="143">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Peripristus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Peripristus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="142" pageNumber="143" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Peripristus</taxonomicName>
Chaudoir, 1869: 135;
<bibRefCitation pageId="142" pageNumber="143">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Jedlička">Jedlicka</normalizedToken>
1963
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: 370;
<bibRefCitation author="Kirschenhofer, E" journalOrPublisher="Linzer Biologische Beitraege" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" pagination="999 - 1067" title="Neue und wenig bekannte Carabidae aus der palaearktischen und orientalischen Region (Col. Carabidae, Lebiinae, Odacanthinae, Brachininae, Panagaeinae)." volume="26" year="1994">Kirschenhofer 1994</bibRefCitation>
: 1048;
<bibRefCitation author="Lorenz, W" journalOrPublisher="Paussinae, Cicindelinae, Rhysodinae). Second ed. Germany" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" title="Systematic List of Extant Ground Beetles of the World. (Insecta, Coleoptera, Adephaga: Trachypachidae &amp; Carabidae incl." year="2005">Lorenz 2005</bibRefCitation>
: 463.
</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="142" pageNumber="143">Type species.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="142" pageNumber="143">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Thyreopterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thyreopterus guttiger" order="Coleoptera" pageId="142" pageNumber="143" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="guttiger">Thyreopterus guttiger</taxonomicName>
Schaum, 1860, by subsequent designation (
<bibRefCitation author="Andrewes, HE" journalOrPublisher="The Annals and Magazine of Natural History Series" pageId="148" pageNumber="149" pagination="128 - 139" title="Papers on Oriental Carabidae. XXXV. On the types of some Indian genera." volume="3" year="1939">Andrewes 1939</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection pageId="142" pageNumber="143" type="type locality">
<paragraph pageId="142" pageNumber="143">Type locality.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="142" pageNumber="143">India</paragraph>
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