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data/F0/41/24/F04124B7A056CE2C81EEEB279A234ADB.xml
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data/F0/41/24/F04124B7A056CE2C81EEEB279A234ADB.xml
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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.88.807" ID-GBIF-Dataset="1858994c-378e-4e6e-bec9-ee565e3b3be1" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-88-1" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2011" ModsDocID="1313-2970-88-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 88" ModsDocTitle="Family-group names in Coleoptera (Insecta)" checkinTime="1451250740194" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Bouchard, Patrice, Bousquet, Yves, Davies, Anthony E., Alonso-Zarazaga, Miguel A., Lawrence, John F., Lyal, Chris H. C., Newton, Alfred F., Reid, Chris A. M., Schmitt, Michael, Ślipinski, S. Adam & Smith, Andrew B. T." docDate="2011" docId="F04124B7A056CE2C81EEEB279A234ADB" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 88: 1-972" docOrigin="ZooKeys 88" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.88.807" docTitle="Pentariini Franciscolo 1954" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="195" masterDocId="FFC1FFDA4E1CE6158E11FFCD0115FF8E" masterDocTitle="Family-group names in Coleoptera (Insecta)" masterLastPageNumber="972" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="195" updateTime="1661732154594" updateUser="admin">
|
||||
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:title>Family-group names in Coleoptera (Insecta)</mods:title>
|
||||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart>Bouchard, Patrice</mods:namePart>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart>Bousquet, Yves</mods:namePart>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart>Davies, Anthony E.</mods:namePart>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart>Alonso-Zarazaga, Miguel A.</mods:namePart>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart>Lawrence, John F.</mods:namePart>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart>Lyal, Chris H. C.</mods:namePart>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart>Newton, Alfred F.</mods:namePart>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart>Reid, Chris A. M.</mods:namePart>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart>Schmitt, Michael</mods:namePart>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart>Ślipinski, S. Adam</mods:namePart>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart>Smith, Andrew B. T.</mods:namePart>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||||
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
|
||||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
|
||||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:part>
|
||||
<mods:date>2011</mods:date>
|
||||
<mods:detail type="volume">
|
||||
<mods:number>88</mods:number>
|
||||
</mods:detail>
|
||||
<mods:extent unit="page">
|
||||
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
|
||||
<mods:end>972</mods:end>
|
||||
</mods:extent>
|
||||
</mods:part>
|
||||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||||
<mods:location>
|
||||
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.88.807</mods:url>
|
||||
</mods:location>
|
||||
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
|
||||
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.88.807</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-88-1</mods:identifier>
|
||||
</mods:mods>
|
||||
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="159363812" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F04124B7A056CE2C81EEEB279A234ADB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F04124B7A056CE2C81EEEB279A234ADB" lastPageNumber="195" pageId="194" pageNumber="195">
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="194" pageNumber="195" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="194" pageNumber="195">
|
||||
Tribe
|
||||
<taxonomicName authority="Franciscolo, 1954" authorityName="Franciscolo" authorityYear="1954" lsidName="" pageId="194" pageNumber="195" rank="tribe" tribe="Pentariini">Pentariini Franciscolo, 1954</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="194" pageNumber="195" type="reference_group">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="194" pageNumber="195">
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="194" pageNumber="195" rank="tribe" tribe="Pentariini">Pentariini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Franciscolo, 1954: 64, in key [stem: Pentari-]. Type genus:
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Scraptiidae" genus="Pentaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pentaria" order="Coleoptera" pageId="194" pageNumber="195" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pentaria</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Mulsant, 1856.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
176
data/F0/41/32/F041320CA74B58139E3B00876F657130.xml
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176
data/F0/41/32/F041320CA74B58139E3B00876F657130.xml
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|
@ -0,0 +1,176 @@
|
|||
<document id="9B30505E9F3184E78C88CB9303696F27" ID-DOI="10.3897/zookeys.1203.123757" ID-ZooBank="6FE93D4B-8104-45F4-850A-C1B78CA10A9D" ID-publisher-id="123757" URI-arpha="E0E2E4CE-0D0E-533C-9BD4-A1327BB57504" URI-zoobank="http://zoobank.org/6FE93D4B-8104-45F4-850A-C1B78CA10A9D" article-type="research-article" checkinTime="1716923959232" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Jordal, Bjarte H." docDate="2024" docId="F041320CA74B58139E3B00876F657130" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1203: 95-130" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1203" docSource="https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/123757/download/xml/" docStyle="DocumentStyle:PensoftTaxPub.0000.journal_article.generic" docStyleName="PensoftTaxPub.0000.journal_article.generic" docTitle="Ctonoxylon atrum Browne 2024, stat. rev." docType="treatment" docVersion="1" dtd-version="3.0" lastPageNumber="130" masterDocId="E0E2E4CE0D0E533C9BD4A1327BB57504" masterDocTitle="An integrated taxonomic revision of Ctonoxylon (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae) reveals new Malagasy species originating from multiple recent colonisations of the island" masterLastPageNumber="130" masterPageNumber="95" pageNumber="95" updateTime="1716924051971" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:mods id="9727F3B549E2588DA92A32A3545486CA" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="8441515712FF8489D00A60376918D1C4">
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<mods:title id="0A7EFDDD8F59CE5A057D18D6FAC22324">An integrated taxonomic revision of Ctonoxylon (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae) reveals new Malagasy species originating from multiple recent colonisations of the island</mods:title>
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||||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:name id="7402749CC18C23950CF93F1AD3A4E9E8" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="113B94DB8430E5F4947F84AB4FF75B94">
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<mods:roleTerm id="019DB2324E1CC4D6A07A4047AEC51EC8">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="CAAAF1884B68015A5282167BDF64B419">Jordal, Bjarte H.</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:nameIdentifier id="F227B653A32BAE86647490BDE92293D5" type="ORCID">0000-0001-6082-443X</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation id="C3AAF5E907317B3398AEB4E364047771">Department of Natural History, University Museum of Bergen, University of Bergen, P. O. 7800, NO- 5020 Bergen, Norway</mods:affiliation>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:typeOfResource id="84EF6119581BD7A5EF872D56BAA18DBB">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="0E327EE4560B1E01E39CACEB00A13426">ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="E1B2F4D06185B51DC1AE477FEBB7099C">
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||||
<mods:date id="335B54C95A1CBB1616841B1E53124F95">2024</mods:date>
|
||||
<mods:detail id="DC9873800C2DC17A730555177FF9B1A3" type="pubDate">
|
||||
<mods:number id="E5F036DC6AC4F9DEA34108F2FA7E51CE">2024-05-28</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
|
||||
<mods:detail id="0261D45696698D1204CFA5279E2BDF6D" type="volume">
|
||||
<mods:number id="6A751C0892EB16CC68F5E40BF103EB98">1203</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent id="03067F0A931B3A31032BEFB7D97004DA" unit="page">
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<mods:start id="8ECAF20EE6BC9FFDABB7C5FB08ED03EC">95</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="A5214745241653332D71C77E92919B83">130</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="4BC81D101BEF5D856CFFC3B42DD3AD94">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="5C5D08FC83DAB8F3F70CC14997192091" type="DOI">10.3897/zookeys.1203.123757</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="51D939060826283EEA40391D58FDEF7D" type="ZooBank">6FE93D4B-8104-45F4-850A-C1B78CA10A9D</mods:identifier>
|
||||
</mods:mods>
|
||||
<treatment id="F041320CA74B58139E3B00876F657130" ID-arpha="F041320C-A74B-5813-9E3B-00876F657130" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F041320CA74B58139E3B00876F657130" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F041320CA74B58139E3B00876F657130">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="D4408B312B64061BACA514060C2A1B79" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph id="DBEFC854E46A3780BA367F0F38ADCEF5">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="89B21950893ED623C0A904B520E0793E" ID-CoL="32835" authority="Browne" authorityName="Browne" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Ctonoxylon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atrum" status="stat. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CFFABD748CDACF2D5A039A6CB2A13E0E" italics="true">Ctonoxylon atrum</emphasis>
|
||||
Browne
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="7D75E59F7AC1059BCB8D1B1A20581EDC">stat. rev.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="77B2302AED19B6386D5AD265C391ADB3" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="5587DB8DD62A91B5E1B7FBDBCECE6C73">
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F2AFC2C9C306DBB0A99047A65D71191" captionStart="Figures 66–74" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figures 66–74. Dorsal, lateral, and front views of 66, 69, 72 Ctonoxylon quadrispinum female holotype 67, 70, 73 Ctonoxylon methneri male, and 68, 71, 74 Ctonoxylon atrum female holotype." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1203.123757.figures66-74" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1057227">Figs 68</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="2EE85F76FA27FDEFBAD4D6F81CE648BE" captionStart="Figures 66–74" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figures 66–74. Dorsal, lateral, and front views of 66, 69, 72 Ctonoxylon quadrispinum female holotype 67, 70, 73 Ctonoxylon methneri male, and 68, 71, 74 Ctonoxylon atrum female holotype." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1203.123757.figures66-74" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1057227">71</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="D30932D80A1FE5B937A4D55F0FD68FDA" captionStart="Figures 66–74" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figures 66–74. Dorsal, lateral, and front views of 66, 69, 72 Ctonoxylon quadrispinum female holotype 67, 70, 73 Ctonoxylon methneri male, and 68, 71, 74 Ctonoxylon atrum female holotype." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1203.123757.figures66-74" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1057227">74</figureCitation>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="B071AD2578131385CC24F84031905BC9" type="reference_group">
|
||||
<paragraph id="DD6152E3D4ECCC66B1EF435E2DE9D554">
|
||||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="9C2E0CDC2F30707CFE358C77AA294E4F">
|
||||
<treatmentCitation id="97828F0AE592DFF78E1CADAF0FEAEB59">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="7AD0EAA855CD7872AFA3350F0612E9AD" ID-CoL="32835" authority="Browne, 1965: 190" authorityName="Browne" authorityPageNumber="190" authorityYear="1965" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Ctonoxylon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atrum">
|
||||
<emphasis id="551D630371B8FDEFF43A1AB187530FBD" italics="true">Ctonoxylon atrum</emphasis>
|
||||
Browne, 1965: 190
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="SECID0EE2CI" type="type material">
|
||||
<paragraph id="B75CD7EE9D743EA5CBBC4F88618C2F43">
|
||||
<heading id="3CAAA990950A12D099B43297F24BE65E" reason="title">Type material.</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="7ADA39BF898E240A3E59B78B2C337CC6">
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="1B2647AB29AD6534951B3E03714BEB20" collectingDate="1964-09-30" collectionCode="NHMUK" country="Nigeria" location="Idanre" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||||
<emphasis id="44AA91732B48B36CC979CACF5EC13704" bold="true" italics="true">
|
||||
<typeStatus id="7E377380EF4BC2BB424027E13B129557" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
, male:
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="B90B24E6EA40D6C972490516DA520E89" name="Nigeria">Nigeria</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<location id="72F1417826BABFD662D6D082DE31A2AD" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F041320CA74B58139E3B00876F657130:72F1417826BABFD662D6D082DE31A2AD" country="Nigeria" name="Idanre">Idanre</location>
|
||||
[GIS:
|
||||
<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0ES2CI" specific-use="{"type":"Point","coordinates":[5.100000,7.120000]}">7.12, 5.10</named-content>
|
||||
],
|
||||
<date id="50B5B8E9F52BC6835CF5F5D50F6D126A" value="1964-09-30">
|
||||
<collectingDate id="61219A69118AFB5060A4265CB09BAC71" value="1964-09-30">30. 9. 1964</collectingDate>
|
||||
</date>
|
||||
, ex
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="E73F7C172080A33B55CEAACBD856E06E" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Canthium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="25DF5C488EFDB46666F49D1CA95409A6" italics="true">Canthium</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
[
|
||||
<named-content id="9BF0736B0958DBF87EF9C76E284D0B62" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/natural-history-museum-london" xlink_title="The Natural History Museum, London, UK">
|
||||
<collectionCode id="7FEF6CEFA552EFC088DB2AB942265976" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
|
||||
</named-content>
|
||||
].
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="SECID0ED3CI" type="diagnosis">
|
||||
<paragraph id="B8F523DBF069CC2F4DDDCB26FD187E36">
|
||||
<heading id="A9744B9DD18EE8FD2945CB6AE52E3971" reason="title">Diagnosis.</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="A2E602EC3F6030B04DA933F68B92FB43">
|
||||
Length
|
||||
<quantity id="1EDB4A3EFF5586E4A37B9C4A2E0C9C03" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4" unit="mm" value="3.4">3.4 mm</quantity>
|
||||
. 2.1–2.2 × as long as broad; colour pitch black. Male and female frons slightly impressed and impunctate on lower half, finely granulated above with short scattered setae; eye parts separated by 2 / 3 the size of upper half; anterior lateral margin of prothorax with elongated groove near procoxa; propleural pit present just above procoxa; pronotum with large and deep irregular punctures; elytral suture buckled at midlength, strial punctures longitudinally elongated, subquadrate; interstriae rough, with irregular punctures and rugosities; elytral apex emarginated; interstrial vestiture of confused rows of short, black, scale-like setae.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="SECID0EI3CI" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph id="246D63B652AB99135DB021A7162CD317">
|
||||
<heading id="CF18AAE9B2FF717DE8AEF78F944ED9D8" reason="title">Distribution.</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="157FC5FF14F93FBDFFF7E078CD41E11D">
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="1A049613E6E678D2A9054BCFE1289312" name="Ghana">Ghana</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="35B64130DC8EFEF8F6B7A8F9B4B278C6" name="Cameroon">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
|
||||
(new country).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="SECID0EN3CI" type="New record">
|
||||
<paragraph id="E71CDEA34BF906BE781A6C201D14145E">
|
||||
<heading id="625582FFFAE7445E9C597F9F45AA9A51" reason="title">New record.</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="828ACD60FD78268817509FC575F93A99">
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="321128BDF51C528943E170B4FAC643EC" name="Cameroon">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
|
||||
, Limbe, Ekande [GIS:
|
||||
<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0EW3CI" specific-use="{"type":"Point","coordinates":[9.172000,4.081000]}">
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="5768A7BEE0EA6CC3C59449F7BD86FEA9" degrees="4.081" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="4.081">4.081</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="12E369D111AA4E1166642A905B2407F2" degrees="9.172" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="9.172">9.172</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
</named-content>
|
||||
],
|
||||
<date id="16A920E24EBB5A33B3D465B31069CC48" value="2007-11-19">19. Nov. 2007</date>
|
||||
, ex water liana, B. Jordal, leg [1,
|
||||
<named-content id="0494E36BFDCAB9CEAFCD94B429E3A341" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/museum-zoology-university-bergen-vertebrate-collections" xlink_title="University Museum of Bergen, Norway">
|
||||
<collectionCode id="504D3B3A870E0AE39EBDDF6ADCACD4A1" country="Norway" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/5b4j-820w" name="Museum of Zoology at the University of Bergen, Vertebrate collections" type="">ZMUB</collectionCode>
|
||||
</named-content>
|
||||
].
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="SECID0EA4CI" type="remarks">
|
||||
<paragraph id="AE289F236626851ABF30C2895523DE75">
|
||||
<heading id="79DAB3840F7A4CC8974F8744651D75E2" reason="title">Remarks.</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="FAA7A2D1C5C7EE99D7C7C68E0E2215D7">
|
||||
This species is rather similar to
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="3D556F3670D33AE76DF71E1CFDD0B61B" authorityName="Eggers" authorityYear="1922" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Ctonoxylon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="methneri">
|
||||
<emphasis id="23488D68167DFEF1AA1518D00E80091F" italics="true">C. methneri</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and was synonymised with
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="6B387C81441698BA4DC73B764F2A3A72" authorityName="Schedl" authorityYear="1941" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Ctonoxylon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hamatum">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7EB2963385BE20232C0C40459E7AAAEA" italics="true">C. hamatum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="9BB521CE8774D5FB593F1F208D6C793C" author="Schedl KE" firstAuthor="Schedl" journalOrPublisher="Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien" pagination="221-231" refId="B16" refString="Schedl KE (1970) Zur Synonymie der Borkenkäfer XX 272. Beitrag zur Morphologie und Systematik der Scolytoidea. Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien 74: 221–231." title="Zur Synonymie der Borkenkäfer XX 272. Beitrag zur Morphologie und Systematik der Scolytoidea." volume="74" year="1970">Schedl (1970)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
. However,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="3C2B3A0E06CCC2FB50551937F20D71AC" authorityName="Browne" authorityYear="1965" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Ctonoxylon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atrum">
|
||||
<emphasis id="8F6F4BE6EBC0D77A6D1D99BBF920DCF2" italics="true">C. atrum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is darker, with shorter elytral setae, the strial punctures are narrowly elongated and more separated, and the pronotal punctures are larger. It is genetically clearly separated from
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="24FB503139C1C859E7FE1DE09A1EE1A8" authorityName="Eggers" authorityYear="1922" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Ctonoxylon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="methneri">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C2A1E97DCE55F0A104F8AA45C8C757D6" italics="true">C. methneri</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and instead forms a sister relationship with
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A4AA53A032931CCBF52EF255CCF363FB" authority="Jordal, 2024" authorityName="Jordal" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Ctonoxylon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadrispinum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B612709CCB02B179559D02A15533CF1C" italics="true">C. quadrispinum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="7C3EB7E45F3BF18E8E55154AE1ECA05F" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
(Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation id="8DF24DD275BD707621528D9FA8791CBB" captionStart="Figures 10–11" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 10–11. Phylogeny of Ctonoxylon. Node support is given as posterior probabilities above and parsimony bootstrap values below nodes 10 tree topology resulting from the parsimony analysis of 14 morphological characters for all species using implied weighting (Goloboff et al. 2018) 11 partial tree topology redrawn from a previously published Bayesian tree topology based on 1958 nucleotide position from three gene fragments (Jordal 2023). Species found in Madagascar marked in purple." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1203.123757.figures10-11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1057220">11</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
639
data/F0/41/7E/F0417E9CEF2758D7AA121685442084C3.xml
Normal file
639
data/F0/41/7E/F0417E9CEF2758D7AA121685442084C3.xml
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,639 @@
|
|||
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.179.62514" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e5aa5473-472f-4b91-8500-cedbf2d258d7" ID-PMC="PMC8225607" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-179-35" ID-Pensoft-UUID="8A717F353A1955EA970F44D4B50B2888" ID-PubMed="34220211" ModsDocID="1314-2003-179-35" checkinTime="1623961752461" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Shah, Sayed Afzal, Sultan, Amir, Wen, Jun, Ullah, Zahid, Nisa, Surat Un, Ren, Zhumei, Alam, Muhammad Maqsood, Iqbal, Javed & Mumtaz, Abdul Samad" docDate="2021" docId="F0417E9CEF2758D7AA121685442084C3" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 179: 35-73" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 179" docPubDate="2021-06-17" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.179.62514" docTitle="Vincetoxicum kenouriense (Wight) Wight, Icon. Pl. Ind. Orient., pl. 1614. 1850" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="8A717F353A1955EA970F44D4B50B2888" lastPageNumber="35" masterDocId="8A717F353A1955EA970F44D4B50B2888" masterDocTitle="Taxonomy of Vincetoxicum s. str. (Asclepiadoideae, Apocynaceae) from southern Asia including three new species and resurrected names" masterLastPageNumber="73" masterPageNumber="35" pageNumber="35" updateTime="1668142420057" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||||
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:title>Taxonomy of Vincetoxicum s. str. (Asclepiadoideae, Apocynaceae) from southern Asia including three new species and resurrected names</mods:title>
|
||||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart>Shah, Sayed Afzal</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5719-3139</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation>Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Nurpur Road, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan & Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, The Mall, Abid Majeed Road, Rawalpindi, Punjab 46000, Pakistan</mods:affiliation>
|
||||
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">afzaltaxonomist@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart>Sultan, Amir</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation>National Herbarium, National Agriculture Research Centre (NARC), Park Road, Islamabad, Pakistan</mods:affiliation>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart>Wen, Jun</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6353-522X</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation>Department of Botany, National Museum of Natural History, MRC- 166, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC 20013 - 7012, USA</mods:affiliation>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart>Ullah, Zahid</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation>Center for Plant Sciences and Biodiversity, University of Swat, Kanju Township, Swat, Pakistan</mods:affiliation>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart>Nisa, Surat Un</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation>Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Nurpur Road, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan</mods:affiliation>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart>Ren, Zhumei</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation>School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China</mods:affiliation>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart>Alam, Muhammad Maqsood</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation>Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Nurpur Road, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan</mods:affiliation>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart>Iqbal, Javed</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation>Center for Plant Sciences and Biodiversity, University of Swat, Kanju Township, Swat, Pakistan</mods:affiliation>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart>Mumtaz, Abdul Samad</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation>Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Nurpur Road, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan</mods:affiliation>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||||
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
|
||||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
|
||||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:part>
|
||||
<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
|
||||
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
|
||||
<mods:number>2021-06-17</mods:number>
|
||||
</mods:detail>
|
||||
<mods:detail type="volume">
|
||||
<mods:number>179</mods:number>
|
||||
</mods:detail>
|
||||
<mods:extent unit="page">
|
||||
<mods:start>35</mods:start>
|
||||
<mods:end>73</mods:end>
|
||||
</mods:extent>
|
||||
</mods:part>
|
||||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||||
<mods:location>
|
||||
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.179.62514</mods:url>
|
||||
</mods:location>
|
||||
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
|
||||
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.179.62514</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-179-35</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">8A717F353A1955EA970F44D4B50B2888</mods:identifier>
|
||||
</mods:mods>
|
||||
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="182953813" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F0417E9CEF2758D7AA121685442084C3" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F0417E9CEF2758D7AA121685442084C3" lastPageNumber="35" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="35" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
|
||||
5.
|
||||
<taxonomicName LSID="F0417E9C-EF27-58D7-AA12-1685442084C3" authority="(Wight) Wight, Icon. Pl. Ind. Orient., pl. 1614. 1850" authorityName="(Wight) Wight, Icon. Pl. Ind. Orient., pl. 1614." authorityYear="1850" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Vincetoxicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Vincetoxicum kenouriense" order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kenouriense">Vincetoxicum kenouriense (Wight) Wight, Icon. Pl. Ind. Orient., pl. 1614. 1850</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Outlines of leaves of southern Asian Vincetoxicum. All illustrated specimens are housed at RAW. The first image in each pair corresponds to the adaxial surface and the second to the abaxial surface. All leaves have been taken from the middle of the stem A, B Vincetoxicum sp. aff. arnottianum from S. A. Shah SAS- 9 C, D Vincetoxicum sp. aff. arnottianum from S. A. Shah SAS- 46 E, F Vincetoxicum sp. aff. arnottianum from R. Khan SAS- 41 G, H V. arnottianum from S. A. Shah & F. Rahman SAS- 3 I, J V. arnottianum from S. A. Shah & B. Ali SAS- 4 K, L V. cabulicum from D. Podlech 15814 M, N V. cardiostephanum from S. A. Shah, M. Turi et al. SAS- 40 O, P V. kenouriense from S. A. Shah & L. Ahmad SAS- 37 Q, R V. lenifolium from S. A. Shah SAS- 44 S, T V. luridum from S. A. Shah & I. Ahmad SAS- 23 U, V V. lenifolium from N. Ali 1029 W, X V. sakesarense from I. Ahmad 27821 Y, Z V. stewartianum from R. R. Stewart 16709 AA, AB V. stocksii from B. Gul, N. Khan et al. SAS- 21 AC, AD V. subcanescens from A. Sultan, Z. Saqib et al. SAS- 52 AE, AF V. subcanescens from S. A. Shah & A. Ullah SAS- 8. Drawing by M. Saleem and S. A. Shah." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.179.62514.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/556582" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Figs 2O, P</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Illustration of corona types observed in southern Asian Vincetoxicum. The dark coloured shapes show corona lobes A Vincetoxicum arnottianum from S. A. Shah & B. Ali SAS- 4 (RAW) B V. cabulicum from W. Koelz 11764 (US) C V. cardiostephanum from S. A. Shah, M. Turi et al. SAS- 40 (RAW) D V. glaucum from W. Dudeeon & L. A. Kenoyer 56 (MO) E V. kenouriense from S. A. Shah & L. Ahmad SAS- 37 (RAW) F V. lenifolium from S. A. Shah SAS- 44 (RAW) G V. luridum from S. A. Shah & I. Ahmad SAS- 23 (RAW) H A variable specimen of V. lenifolium from N. Ali 1029 (RAW) I V. sakesarense from I. Ahmad 27821 (RAW) J V. stewartianum from R. R. Stewart 16709 (RAW) K V. stocksii from J. F. Duthie 18918 (RAW) L V. subcanescens from S. A. Shah & A. Ullah SAS- 8 (RAW). Drawing by M. Saleem and S. A. Shah." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.179.62514.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/556583" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">, 3E</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Pollinaria of southern Asian Vincetoxicum A, B V. arnottianum C V. cabulicum D, E V. cardiostephanum F V. glaucum G, H V. kenouriense I, J V. lenifolium K, L V. luridum M V. lenifolium N, O V. sakesarense P V. stewartianum Q, R V. stocksii S, T V. subcanescens." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.179.62514.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/556584" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">, 4G, H</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Field photographs of Vincetoxicum kenouriense A habit B, C flowers D follicles. Photos by Zahid Ullah and S. A. Shah." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.179.62514.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/556590" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">, 10</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Vincetoxicum kenouriense illustrated by S. A. Shah and S. U. Nisa from S. A. Shah & L. Ahmad SAS- 37 (RAW!) A flowering plant B corolla lobes C corona (black) D follicle." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.179.62514.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/556591" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">, 11</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Geographic distribution of Vincetoxicum kenouriense." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.179.62514.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/556592" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">, 12</figureCitation>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="35" type="reference_group">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Wight" authorityYear="1834" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Cynanchum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cynanchum kenouriense" order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kenouriense">Cynanchum kenouriense</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Wight, Contr. Bot. India 58. 1834.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="35" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
|
||||
<typeStatus>Type</typeStatus>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
|
||||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2021-01-01" collectingDateMax="2021-12-31" collectingDateMin="2021-01-01" collectorName="Holotype K" country="India" location="India" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="Holotype">
|
||||
<collectingCountry name="India">India</collectingCountry>
|
||||
. Kenour,
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Royle 18</emphasis>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<collectorName>
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
|
||||
<typeStatus>Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
K
|
||||
</collectorName>
|
||||
! [K000872737])
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
|
||||
Undershrubs, up to
|
||||
<quantity metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="m" value="1.0">1 m</quantity>
|
||||
tall. Stem pubescent all around or along 2 dense lines, internodes
|
||||
<quantity metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="13.0" metricValueMin="2.0" unit="cm" value="7.5" valueMax="13.0" valueMin="2.0">2-13 cm</quantity>
|
||||
long. Leaves opposite; petioles 1-10 (-14) mm long, equally pubescent all around or sometimes denser along adaxial channel, lamina strongly discolorous, narrow to broadly ovate, 4-10
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<quantity metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.15" metricValueMax="6.5" metricValueMin="1.8" unit="cm" value="4.15" valueMax="6.5" valueMin="1.8">1.8-6.5 cm</quantity>
|
||||
; apex narrowly acute to very shortly acuminate; base round to sub-cordate to sub-truncate; venation including tertiary and quaternary veins prominent, more prominent and raised on abaxial surface, secondary veins up to 14 on each side of midvein, trichomes absent on both surfaces, sometimes sparsely present on tertiary and quaternary veins, midrib and secondary veins densely pubescent on both surfaces, margins pubescent. Inflorescences mostly sessile, rarely both sessile and short-pedunculate inflorescences present on the same plant, peduncles up to
|
||||
<quantity metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" unit="cm" value="1.5">1.5 cm</quantity>
|
||||
; bracts linear, up to
|
||||
<quantity metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
|
||||
long, pubescent; pedicels 2-8 (-10) mm long, pubescent all around, sometimes pubescent along one or two longitudinal lines. Flowers yellowish-green to green, 4-5
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<quantity metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="2.0" unit="mm" value="2.25" valueMax="2.5" valueMin="2.0">2-2.5 mm</quantity>
|
||||
; sepals tapering to acute or narrowly acute apices, up to
|
||||
<quantity metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
|
||||
long, margins sparsely ciliate, calycine colleters 5 or 10 per flower; corolla tube ca.
|
||||
<quantity metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
|
||||
long, lobes oblong with obtuse apices, 3-3.5
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<quantity metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" unit="mm" value="1.5" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.0">1-2 mm</quantity>
|
||||
, glabrous within or sparse caducous trichomes present; corona lobes long-triangular with acute apex, slightly divergent, ca. 1
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<quantity metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" unit="mm" value="0.8">0.8 mm</quantity>
|
||||
, exceeding slightly the length of the gynostegium. Follicles fusiform, up to 7
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<quantity metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="cm" value="1.0">1 cm</quantity>
|
||||
, apex long-acuminate, surface glabrous, slightly striate. Seeds brown, 6-7
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<quantity metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.25" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="3.0" unit="mm" value="3.25" valueMax="3.5" valueMin="3.0">3-3.5 mm</quantity>
|
||||
, wings less than
|
||||
<quantity metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
|
||||
broad; coma
|
||||
<quantity metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" unit="mm" value="2.5" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="2.0">2-3 mm</quantity>
|
||||
long.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="35" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Distribution and habitat.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Endemic to a long geographic range in the Hindukush Himalayas from Bhutan in the east to Pakistan in the west. The western limit of this species is district Swat (Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province), Pakistan. It occurs on higher elevations between 1500 and 3000 m. The habitats of the species are commonly the Himalayan moist temperate forests (evergreen forests of conifers between 1500 to 3000 m elevations), rarely subalpine or open alpine lands (above 3000 m). We collected it from open stony alpine slopes and stream side slopes in a V-shaped mountain valley. The associated vegetation was either alpine herbs or conifers, and herbaceous to shrubby flora.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="35" type="phenology">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Phenology.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Flowering from May to August and fruiting from August to October.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="35" type="provisional conservation status">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Provisional conservation status.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
|
||||
Least concern (Table
|
||||
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Provisional conservation assessment and areas of endemism of southern Asian Vincetoxicum." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DC470DF7FB00AE34C43220E5083E5CEB" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" tableUuid="DC470DF7FB00AE34C43220E5083E5CEB">1</tableCitation>
|
||||
). Although having highly clumped, distant populations,
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asclepiadaceae" genus="Vincetoxicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Vincetoxicum kenouriense" order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kenouriense">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Vincetoxicum kenouriense</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
spans a wide range in the Hindukush Himalayas. It is confined to higher altitudes and faces almost no natural threats. Anthropogenic activities, however, are deemed as a potential threat. For instance, two of its populations in Pakistan (in district Bagh, AJK, and district Swat, Pakistan) were found in recreational areas that are expected to undergo changes in the near future which might result in destruction of its habitats. It was also collected previously from Changla Gali (district Abbotabad, Pakistan). In spite of several visits in the past decade, we could not find it anymore in that area. These observations suggest that recreational activities might prove a potential threat to its existence, at least in Pakistan.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="35" type="notes">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Notes.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asclepiadaceae" genus="Vincetoxicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Vincetoxicum kenouriense" order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kenouriense">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Vincetoxicum kenouriense</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
was described by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Wight, R" journalOrPublisher="Parbury, Allen & Company, London" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" refId="B29" refString="Wight, R, 1834. Contributions to the Botany of India. Parbury, Allen & Company, London" title="Contributions to the Botany of India." year="1834">Wight (1834)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
from Kenour (India).
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Hooker, JD" journalOrPublisher="In: de Candolle AP, de Candolle A, de Candolle C (Eds) Prodromus systematis naturulis regni vegetabilis" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" refId="B10" refString="Hooker, JD, 1883. The Flora of British India (Vol. 4). Reeve L. & Co. Ltd. 4, 780 pp." title="The Flora of British India (Vol. 4). Reeve L. & Co. Ltd. 4, 780 pp." year="1883">Hooker (1883)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
synonymized it with
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Persoon" authorityYear="1805" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Cynanchum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cynanchum vincetoxicum" order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vincetoxicum">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Cynanchum vincetoxicum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(syn.
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="V. hirundinaria" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rank="species" species="hirundinaria">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">V. hirundinaria</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Hooker’s">Hooker's</normalizedToken>
|
||||
treatment has been followed in major floras (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Stewart, RR" journalOrPublisher="Fakhri Printing Press, Karachi" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" refId="B27" refString="Stewart, RR, Nasir, E, Ali, SI, 1972. Flora of West Pakistan: An Annoted Catalogue of the Vascular Plants of West Pakistan and Kashmir. Fakhri Printing Press, Karachi" title="Flora of West Pakistan: An Annoted Catalogue of the Vascular Plants of West Pakistan and Kashmir." year="1972">Stewart et al. 1972</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Ali, SI" journalOrPublisher="Pakistan Journal of Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" pagination="61 - 68" refId="B2" refString="Ali, SI, Khatoon, S, 1982. Genus Vincetoxicum von Wolf (Asclepiadaceae) in Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Botany 14 (1): 61 - 68" title="Genus Vincetoxicum von Wolf (Asclepiadaceae) in Pakistan." volume="14" year="1982">Ali and Khatoon 1982</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
) resulting in a broader circumscription of
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="V. hirundinaria" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rank="species" species="hirundinaria">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">V. hirundinaria</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. In the present treatment,
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="V. kenouriense" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rank="species" species="kenouriense">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">V. kenouriense</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is reinstated and presented as a new record for the Flora of Pakistan, Nepal and Bhutan. It replaces
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="V. hirundinaria" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rank="species" species="hirundinaria">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">V. hirundinaria</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
in southern Asia.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="35" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
|
||||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1933-06-27" collectorName="F. Ludlow, G. Sherriff" country="Bhutan" elevation="2377" location="West Bhutan" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Thimpu">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
|
||||
<collectingCountry name="Bhutan">Bhutan</collectingCountry>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<collectingRegion country="Bhutan" name="Thimphu">Thimpu</collectingRegion>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<collectingRegion country="Bhutan" name="Paro">Paro</collectingRegion>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F0417E9CEF2758D7AA121685442084C3:E1815EF34D2245FC0D8CB908F56E19C1" country="Bhutan" name="West Bhutan" stateProvince="Thimpu">West Bhutan</location>
|
||||
),
|
||||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.37744" unit="ft" value="7800.0">
|
||||
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.37744" unit="ft" value="7800.0">7800 ft.</elevation>
|
||||
</quantity>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingDate value="1933-06-27">27 June 1933</collectingDate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
|
||||
<collectorName>F. Ludlow</collectorName>
|
||||
&
|
||||
<collectorName>G. Sherriff</collectorName>
|
||||
158
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
(BM [BM001119300])
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
|
||||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1929-06-17" collectingDateMax="1952-04-09" collectingDateMin="1929-06-17" collectorName="J. R. Drummond, J. D., G. E. Parkinson, R. R. Stewart, H. Falconer, Himalaya Bor. Oce., W. Griffith" country="India" county="Garhwal" elevation="3962" location="Kidar Kantha" municipality="Mussoorie" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Uttarakhand">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
|
||||
<collectingCountry name="India">India</collectingCountry>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<collectingRegion country="India" name="Uttarakhand">Uttarakhand</collectingRegion>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<collectingCounty>Garhwal</collectingCounty>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingMunicipality>Mussoorie</collectingMunicipality>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F0417E9CEF2758D7AA121685442084C3:6A177F70305E88E80B5FE5C0E3F43F7C" country="India" county="Garhwal" municipality="Mussoorie" name="Kidar Kantha" stateProvince="Uttarakhand">Kidar Kantha</location>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.9624" unit="ft" value="13000.0">
|
||||
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.9624" unit="ft" value="13000.0">13000 ft.</elevation>
|
||||
</quantity>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingDate value="1952-04-09">09 April 1952</collectingDate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
|
||||
<collectorName>J.R. Drummond</collectorName>
|
||||
22753
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
(K); Hab.
|
||||
<collectingRegion country="India" name="Sikkim">Sikkim</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5908" metricValueMax="3.048" metricValueMin="2.1336" unit="ft" value="8500.0" valueMax="10000.0" valueMin="7000.0">
|
||||
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5908" metricValueMax="3.048" metricValueMin="2.1336" unit="ft" value="8500.0" valueMax="10000.0" valueMin="7000.0">7000-10,000 ft.</elevation>
|
||||
</quantity>
|
||||
, s.d.,
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
|
||||
<collectorName name="J.R. Drummond">J.D.</collectorName>
|
||||
H[ooker] s.n.
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
(GH, [GH01147527]); Daya-Balsan state, Simla hills,
|
||||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.286" unit="ft" value="7500.0">
|
||||
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.286" unit="ft" value="7500.0">7500 feet</elevation>
|
||||
</quantity>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingDate value="1937-06-12">12 June 1937</collectingDate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
|
||||
<collectorName>G.E. Parkinson</collectorName>
|
||||
7386
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
(RAW); Dharmsala [India],
|
||||
<collectingDate value="1929-06-17">17 June 1929</collectingDate>
|
||||
, [
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
|
||||
<collectorName>R.R. Stewart</collectorName>
|
||||
] s.n.
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
(RAW [acc. # 1004]); s.loc., s.d.,
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
|
||||
<collectorName>H. Falconer</collectorName>
|
||||
s.n.
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
(GH [GH01147530]);
|
||||
<collectorName>Himalaya Bor. Oce.</collectorName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3716" metricValueMax="1.524" metricValueMin="1.2192" unit="ft" value="4500.0" valueMax="5000.0" valueMin="4000.0">
|
||||
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3716" metricValueMax="1.524" metricValueMin="1.2192" unit="ft" value="4500.0" valueMax="5000.0" valueMin="4000.0">4000-5000 ft.</elevation>
|
||||
</quantity>
|
||||
, s.d.,
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
|
||||
<collectorName>W. Griffith</collectorName>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
3760 (GH [GH01147532])
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Kashmir</emphasis>
|
||||
: B-8 above Gulmarg,
|
||||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8956" metricValueMax="3.048" metricValueMin="2.7432" unit="ft" value="9500.0" valueMax="10000.0" valueMin="9000.0">9000-10,000 ft.</quantity>
|
||||
, 31 July [18]92,
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">J.F. Duthie s.n.</emphasis>
|
||||
(K); Basaoli,
|
||||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4384" unit="ft" value="8000.0">8000 ft.</quantity>
|
||||
, s.d.,
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">C.B. Clarke 31523A</emphasis>
|
||||
(K); Tanmarg near Gulmarg, Kashmir,
|
||||
<date value="1929-09-02">02 September 1929</date>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">R.R. Stewart 13100</emphasis>
|
||||
(RAW); Sonamarg,
|
||||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7432" unit="ft" value="9000.0">9000 ft.</quantity>
|
||||
, s.d.,
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">R.R. Stewart 7306</emphasis>
|
||||
(K); Below Sonamarg, Sindh Valley,
|
||||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5908" metricValueMax="2.7432" metricValueMin="2.4384" unit="ft" value="8500.0" valueMax="9000.0" valueMin="8000.0">8000-9000 ft.</quantity>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date value="1940-09-02">02 September 1940</date>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">R.R. Stewart 21328</emphasis>
|
||||
(RAW,
|
||||
<collectingCountry name="United States of America">US</collectingCountry>
|
||||
); Gulmarg to Khaipur,
|
||||
<date value="1890-07-21">21 July 1890</date>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">J.F. Duthie s.n.</emphasis>
|
||||
(RAW [acc. # 1005]); Duksum-Kokernagh [Kashmir],
|
||||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" unit="m" value="3000.0">3000 m</quantity>
|
||||
, s.d.,
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">G.A. Shapu 201</emphasis>
|
||||
(KASH); Slopes above Harwan [Kashmir],
|
||||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" unit="m" value="2300.0">2300 m</quantity>
|
||||
, s.d.,
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">G. Singh 833</emphasis>
|
||||
(KASH).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
|
||||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1994-08-16" collectorName="M. Mikage, N. Fujii, T. Kajita, N. Kondo, S. Noshiro, K. Yoda" country="Nepal" county="Manang Distr." elevation="3090" location="Manang" municipality="Humre" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Gandaki Zone">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
|
||||
<collectingCountry name="Nepal">Nepal</collectingCountry>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<collectingRegion country="Nepal" name="Gandaki">Gandaki Zone</collectingRegion>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<collectingCounty>Manang Distr.</collectingCounty>
|
||||
Pisang (
|
||||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.09" unit="m" value="3090.0">
|
||||
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.09" unit="m" value="3090.0">3090 m</elevation>
|
||||
</quantity>
|
||||
),
|
||||
<collectingMunicipality>Humre</collectingMunicipality>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4" unit="m" value="340.0">
|
||||
<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4" unit="m" value="340.0">340 m</elevation>
|
||||
</quantity>
|
||||
),
|
||||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F0417E9CEF2758D7AA121685442084C3:80CE7852F7F0D15B9ED6A253F6A6763C" country="Nepal" county="Manang Distr." municipality="Humre" name="Manang" stateProvince="Gandaki Zone">Manang</location>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.36" unit="m" value="3360.0">
|
||||
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.36" unit="m" value="3360.0">3360 m</elevation>
|
||||
</quantity>
|
||||
),
|
||||
<collectingDate value="1994-08-16">16 August 1994</collectingDate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
|
||||
<collectorName>M. Mikage</collectorName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectorName>N. Fujii</collectorName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectorName>T. Kajita</collectorName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectorName>N. Kondo</collectorName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectorName>S. Noshiro</collectorName>
|
||||
&
|
||||
<collectorName>K.Yoda</collectorName>
|
||||
, 9485444
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
(GH)
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1952-04-09" collectingDateMax="2000-07-14" collectingDateMin="1952-04-09" collectorName="Y. Lokawa, M. N. Subedi, Y. Takashi, K. Kano, A. Zimmermann, D. H. Nicolson" country="Nepal" county="Gnyu Pass" elevation="4100" location="Muktinath" municipality="Chhengar" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Mustang District">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
|
||||
<collectingRegion country="Nepal" name="Mustang District">Mustang District</collectingRegion>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<collectingCounty>Gnyu Pass</collectingCounty>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.1" unit="m" value="4100.0">
|
||||
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.1" unit="m" value="4100.0">4100 m</elevation>
|
||||
</quantity>
|
||||
),
|
||||
<collectingMunicipality>Chhengar</collectingMunicipality>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.7" unit="m" value="3700.0">
|
||||
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.7" unit="m" value="3700.0">3700 m</elevation>
|
||||
</quantity>
|
||||
),
|
||||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F0417E9CEF2758D7AA121685442084C3:A1B115F85E40ED1A2F21CE80B4514A2B" country="Nepal" county="Gnyu Pass" municipality="Chhengar" name="Muktinath" stateProvince="Mustang District">Muktinath</location>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.65" unit="m" value="3650.0">
|
||||
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.65" unit="m" value="3650.0">3650 m</elevation>
|
||||
</quantity>
|
||||
),
|
||||
<collectingDate value="2000-07-14">14 July 2000</collectingDate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
|
||||
<collectorName>Y. Lokawa</collectorName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectorName>M.N. Subedi</collectorName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectorName>Y. Takashi</collectorName>
|
||||
&
|
||||
<collectorName>K. Kano</collectorName>
|
||||
20020202
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
(GH); On descendant and
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="l’lmja-Khola">l'lmja-Khola</normalizedToken>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1" unit="m" value="3100.0">
|
||||
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1" unit="m" value="3100.0">3100 m</elevation>
|
||||
</quantity>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingDate value="1952-04-09">09 April 1952</collectingDate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
|
||||
<collectorName>A. Zimmermann</collectorName>
|
||||
714
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
(K); Baghmati zone, before Syarpagaon, north side of
|
||||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F0417E9CEF2758D7AA121685442084C3:DE5087296F7A322547E0B565D24FA81A" country="Nepal" county="Gnyu Pass" municipality="Chhengar" name="Lantang River" stateProvince="Mustang District">Lantang River</location>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" unit="m" value="2600.0">
|
||||
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" unit="m" value="2600.0">2600 m</elevation>
|
||||
</quantity>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingDate value="1966-09-19">19 September 1966</collectingDate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
|
||||
<collectorName>D.H. Nicolson</collectorName>
|
||||
2445
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
(US)
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1967-05-12" collectorName="D. H. Nicolson" country="Nepal" elevation="2500" location="Blumche" municipality="Gossainkunde" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Bagmati zone">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
|
||||
<collectingRegion country="Nepal" name="Bagmati">Bagmati zone</collectingRegion>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
: south of
|
||||
<collectingMunicipality>Gossainkunde</collectingMunicipality>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F0417E9CEF2758D7AA121685442084C3:78EA0B2E604B3059E33F0E4B612C59EC" country="Nepal" municipality="Gossainkunde" name="Blumche" stateProvince="Bagmati zone">Blumche</location>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" unit="m" value="2500.0">
|
||||
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" unit="m" value="2500.0">2500 m</elevation>
|
||||
</quantity>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingDate value="1967-05-12">12 May 1967</collectingDate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
|
||||
<collectorName>D.H. Nicolson</collectorName>
|
||||
3339
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
(US)
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
|
||||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1897-07-09" collectingDateMax="1994-06-13" collectingDateMin="1897-07-09" collectorName="H. Deane, Q. Marwat, Murree Hills Changlagali, M. Nath, Azad Jammu" country="Pakistan" county="Hazara" elevation="2987" location="Siran Valley" municipality="Kaghan valley" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Khyber Pakhtunkhwa">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
|
||||
<collectingCountry name="Pakistan">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<collectingRegion country="Pakistan" name="Khyber Pakhtunkhwa">Khyber Pakhtunkhwa</collectingRegion>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
: B-7
|
||||
<collectingCounty>Hazara</collectingCounty>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingMunicipality>Kaghan valley</collectingMunicipality>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.98704" unit="ft" value="9800.0">
|
||||
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.98704" unit="ft" value="9800.0">9800 ft.</elevation>
|
||||
</quantity>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingDate value="1897-07-09">09 July 1897</collectingDate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Inayat 19940</emphasis>
|
||||
(K); Nathia,
|
||||
<collectingDate value="1907-07">July 1907</collectingDate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
|
||||
<collectorName>H. Deane</collectorName>
|
||||
s.n.
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
(K); Mundi, UNA forest,
|
||||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F0417E9CEF2758D7AA121685442084C3:3584550200519F1BCA4155640C6C5E6B" country="Pakistan" county="Hazara" municipality="Kaghan valley" name="Siran Valley" stateProvince="Khyber Pakhtunkhwa">Siran Valley</location>
|
||||
, District Mansehra,
|
||||
<collectingDate value="1994-06-13">13 June 1994</collectingDate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
|
||||
<collectorName>Q. Marwat</collectorName>
|
||||
425
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
(RAW); C-7
|
||||
<collectorName>Murree Hills Changlagali</collectorName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4384" unit="ft" value="8000.0">
|
||||
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4384" unit="ft" value="8000.0">8000 ft.</elevation>
|
||||
</quantity>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
|
||||
<collectorName>M. Nath</collectorName>
|
||||
336
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
(RAW);
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
|
||||
<collectorName>Azad Jammu</collectorName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1952-06-28" collectingDateMax="2016-08-01" collectingDateMin="1952-06-28" collectorName="S. A. Shah, L. Ahmad, M. A. Kazmi, A. R. Khan, R. R Stewart, E. Nasir, J. Mohammad" country="Pakistan" county="Bagh" elevation="2650" location="Sudhan Gali" municipality="Bagh" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Kashmir">
|
||||
<collectingRegion country="Pakistan" name="Kashmir">Kashmir</collectingRegion>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<collectingCounty>Bagh</collectingCounty>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingDate value="1956-06-19">19 June 1956</collectingDate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">collector unknown 1507</emphasis>
|
||||
(KUH);
|
||||
<collectingMunicipality>Bagh</collectingMunicipality>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F0417E9CEF2758D7AA121685442084C3:41268C18441D999A50991B8AA11EC2D1" country="Pakistan" county="Bagh" municipality="Bagh" name="Sudhan Gali" stateProvince="Kashmir">Sudhan Gali</location>
|
||||
to
|
||||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F0417E9CEF2758D7AA121685442084C3:0C58D7D3C7309FAC993F669805F756A2" country="Pakistan" county="Bagh" municipality="Bagh" name="Ganga Choti" stateProvince="Kashmir">Ganga Choti</location>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.65" metricValueMax="2.8" metricValueMin="2.5" unit="m" value="2650.0" valueMax="2800.0" valueMin="2500.0">
|
||||
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.65" metricValueMax="2.8" metricValueMin="2.5" unit="m" value="2650.0" valueMax="2800.0" valueMin="2500.0">2500-2800 m</elevation>
|
||||
</quantity>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingDate value="2016-08-01">01 August 2016</collectingDate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
|
||||
<collectorName>S.A. Shah</collectorName>
|
||||
&
|
||||
<collectorName>L. Ahmad</collectorName>
|
||||
SAS-37
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
(RAW, US); Bagh, Poonch,
|
||||
<collectingDate value="1956-06-19">19 June 1956</collectingDate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
|
||||
<collectorName>M.A. Kazmi</collectorName>
|
||||
1507
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
(RAW); C-8 Azad Kashmir, Poonch, near Trappar, below Kali,
|
||||
<collectingDate value="1952-09-17">17 September 1952</collectingDate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
|
||||
<collectorName>A.R. Khan</collectorName>
|
||||
s.n.
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
(RAW [acc. # 998]); Raikot to Aliabad (Azad Kashmir),
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
7000 [ft],
|
||||
<collectingDate value="1952-06-28">28 June 1952</collectingDate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
|
||||
<collectorName>R.R Stewart</collectorName>
|
||||
&
|
||||
<collectorName>E. Nasir</collectorName>
|
||||
23868
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
(KUH); Azad Kashmir,
|
||||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4384" unit="ft" value="8000.0">
|
||||
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4384" unit="ft" value="8000.0">8000 ft.</elevation>
|
||||
</quantity>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingDate value="1969-08-09">9 August 1969</collectingDate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Shariq 8102</emphasis>
|
||||
(PFI); Pir Kanthi, Uri Range,
|
||||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7432" unit="ft" value="9000.0">
|
||||
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7432" unit="ft" value="9000.0">9000 ft.</elevation>
|
||||
</quantity>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingDate value="1955-10-17">17 October 1955</collectingDate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
|
||||
<collectorName>J. Mohammad</collectorName>
|
||||
s.n.
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
(RAW)
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
859
data/F0/41/87/F04187E1D5170756B685F10BFCFFD2A7.xml
Normal file
859
data/F0/41/87/F04187E1D5170756B685F10BFCFFD2A7.xml
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,859 @@
|
|||
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||||
<mods:mods id="3931F1485B461CC50C9B566FCF1B5A4C" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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|
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||||
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|
||||
<mods:namePart id="A3389892E662AD3867B8C726BE238BD5">Soika, Grażyna</mods:namePart>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:name id="4DB15565F80427BFC4C06FF97618A7FC" type="personal">
|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="928784999FA2C6099A39BCC22E25780E">Wozińska, Anna</mods:namePart>
|
||||
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|
||||
<mods:typeOfResource id="71727C7A5B6EEA539BECE52D7445BD23">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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||||
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||||
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|
||||
<mods:title id="B285BAB10B8A9EC81ACF30CE1051D5DA">Zootaxa</mods:title>
|
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|
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<mods:part id="ABE7F0AE0AA294C804A26D7F42FC5516">
|
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|
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
<mods:classification id="A18B03DE137C78CD79104FD24FD9F568">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="8C620EBF75D5FBF950DB112A6FA9FA39" type="ZooBank">388CCC3D-7351-47D0-BDD3-89353764F45B</mods:identifier>
|
||||
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|
||||
<treatment id="F04187E1D5170756B685F10BFCFFD2A7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5657742" ID-GBIF-Taxon="124563222" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5657742" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F04187E1D5170756B685F10BFCFFD2A7" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F04187E1D5170756B685F10BFCFFD2A7" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="468" pageId="2" pageNumber="460">
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|
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|
||||
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|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D517075EB685F10BFDFBD5D9" bold="true" box="[151,517,1648,1675]" pageId="2" pageNumber="460">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="BFE84D74D517075EB685F10BFE45D5D8" box="[151,443,1648,1674]" class="Arachnida" family="Eriophyidae" genus="Epitrimerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Prostigmata" pageId="2" pageNumber="460" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chaenomeli" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D517075EB685F10BFE45D5D8" bold="true" box="[151,443,1648,1674]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="460">Epitrimerus chaenomeli</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="51AF579ED517075EB7D0F10AFDFBD5D9" box="[450,517,1649,1675]" pageId="2" pageNumber="460" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="785736F7D517075EB685F1EFFEF5D5FE" blockId="2.[151,517,1648,1709]" box="[151,267,1684,1709]" pageId="2" pageNumber="460">
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="E0D32A72D517075EB68DF1EFFEFCD5FE" box="[159,258,1684,1709]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStart-3="FIGURE 4" captionStartId-0="5.[151,250,1951,1973]" captionStartId-1="6.[151,250,1970,1992]" captionStartId-2="7.[151,250,1687,1709]" captionStartId-3="8.[151,250,1961,1983]" captionTargetBox-0="[225,1356,202,1908]" captionTargetBox-1="[241,1326,221,1933]" captionTargetBox-2="[163,1419,182,1654]" captionTargetBox-3="[273,1303,193,1915]" captionTargetId-0="figure@5.[208,1367,193,1921]" captionTargetId-1="figure@6.[241,1327,221,1934]" captionTargetId-2="figure@7.[151,1436,171,1666]" captionTargetId-3="figure@8.[271,1307,193,1916]" captionTargetPageId-0="5" captionTargetPageId-1="6" captionTargetPageId-2="7" captionTargetPageId-3="8" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Epitrimerus chaenomeli n. sp. Protogyne female: D — Dorsal mite; IG — Internal genitalia; L 1 — Leg I, L 2 — Leg II; CG — Coxigenital region; SD — Lateral view of anterior region of female; em — empodium (enlarged); GM — Genital male region. Scale bar: 50 µm for D, CG, SA; 20 µm for GM; 15 µm for L 1 & L 2; 10 µm for IG." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Digital micrographs of Epitrimerus chaenomeli n. sp. Protogyne female: A — Dorsal view; B ‒ Ventral view; C ‒ Lateral anterior region; D ‒ genital region of male. Scale bar: 50 µm for A, B & D; 25 µm for C." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Epitrimerus chaenomeli n. sp. Deutogyne female: D — Dorsal mite; IG—Internal genitalia; CG—Coxigenital region; SD — Lateral view of anterior region; em — empodium (enlarged). Scale bar: 50 µm for D, CG & SD; 10 µm for IG." captionText-3="FIGURE 4. Digital micrographs of Epitrimerus chaenomeli n. sp. Deutogyne female: A — Dorsal view; B ‒ Ventral view; C — Internal female genitalia; D — Legs. Scale bar: 50 µm for A & B, 25 µm for C & D." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/254982/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/254983/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/254984/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/254985/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="460">Figs 1‒4</figureCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="30F2657CD517075EB685F1A7FAFDD49F" pageId="2" pageNumber="460" type="diagnosis">
|
||||
<paragraph id="785736F7D517075EB685F1A7FAFDD49F" blockId="2.[151,1436,1756,2033]" pageId="2" pageNumber="460">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D517075EB685F1A7FEF4D5A7" bold="true" box="[151,266,1756,1781]" pageId="2" pageNumber="460">Diagnosis</emphasis>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="BFE84D74D517075EB732F1A6FE38D5A6" box="[288,454,1756,1780]" class="Arachnida" family="Eriophyidae" genus="Epitrimerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Prostigmata" pageId="2" pageNumber="460" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chaenomeli" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D517075EB732F1A6FE38D5A6" box="[288,454,1756,1780]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="460">E. chaenomeli</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="51AF579ED517075EB7C6F1A7FDE4D5A7" box="[468,538,1756,1781]" pageId="2" pageNumber="460" rank="species">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D517075EB7C6F1A7FDE4D5A7" bold="true" box="[468,538,1756,1781]" pageId="2" pageNumber="460">n. sp.</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
is the first eriophyoid mite to be found on the plant genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="BFE84D74D517075EB317F1A7FEEAD44A" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Chaenomeles" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="2" pageNumber="460" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D517075EB317F1A7FA62D5A6" box="[1285,1436,1756,1780]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="460">Chaenomeles</emphasis>
|
||||
(Rosaceae)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and is distinguished by its prodorsal shield pattern, which is distinctive in having two pairs of anterior cells, and one cell from each pair on either side of the median longitudinal cell.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="BFE84D74D517075EB206F05EFB4BD46E" box="[1044,1205,1828,1852]" class="Arachnida" family="Eriophyidae" genus="Epitrimerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Prostigmata" pageId="2" pageNumber="460" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chaenomeli" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D517075EB206F05EFB4BD46E" box="[1044,1205,1828,1852]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="460">E. chaenomeli</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="51AF579ED517075EB2AEF05FFB05D46F" box="[1212,1275,1828,1853]" pageId="2" pageNumber="460" rank="species">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D517075EB2AEF05FFB05D46F" bold="true" box="[1212,1275,1828,1853]" pageId="2" pageNumber="460">n. sp.</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
is also unique in having submedian lines I running almost directly back between the dorsal tubercles and submedian lines II on both sides of the shield, moreover, the lateral lobes are not prominent. This species can also be distinguished by the presence of longitudinal lines and dashes on coxal plates I and a few short transverse lines on coxal plates II. Both protogyne and deutogyne females of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="BFE84D74D517075EB425F0CEFD29D49E" box="[567,727,1972,1996]" class="Arachnida" family="Eriophyidae" genus="Epitrimerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Prostigmata" pageId="2" pageNumber="460" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chaenomeli" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D517075EB425F0CEFD29D49E" box="[567,727,1972,1996]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="460">E. chaenomeli</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="51AF579ED517075EB4CCF0CFFCE3D49F" box="[734,797,1972,1997]" pageId="2" pageNumber="460" rank="species">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D517075EB4CCF0CFFCE3D49F" bold="true" box="[734,797,1972,1997]" pageId="2" pageNumber="460">n. sp.</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
are characterized by a 4- rayed empodium.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="30F2657CD5170758B6D5F0A3FF00D65A" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="462" pageId="2" pageNumber="460" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="785736F7D517075FB6D5F0A3FBE6D7B9" blockId="2.[151,1436,1756,2033]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1437,151,2018]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="461" pageId="2" pageNumber="460">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D517075EB6D5F0A3FEAFD4A3" bold="true" box="[199,337,2008,2033]" pageId="2" pageNumber="460">Description</emphasis>
|
||||
. PROTOGYNE FEMALE (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="E0D32A72D517075EB484F0A3FD21D4A2" box="[662,735,2008,2033]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1951,1973]" captionTargetBox="[225,1356,202,1908]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[208,1367,193,1921]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 1. Epitrimerus chaenomeli n. sp. Protogyne female: D — Dorsal mite; IG — Internal genitalia; L 1 — Leg I, L 2 — Leg II; CG — Coxigenital region; SD — Lateral view of anterior region of female; em — empodium (enlarged); GM — Genital male region. Scale bar: 50 µm for D, CG, SA; 20 µm for GM; 15 µm for L 1 & L 2; 10 µm for IG." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/254982/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="460">Figs 1</figureCitation>
|
||||
&
|
||||
<figureCitation id="E0D32A72D517075EB51AF0A3FCE9D4A2" box="[776,791,2008,2032]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1970,1992]" captionTargetBox="[241,1326,221,1933]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[241,1327,221,1934]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Digital micrographs of Epitrimerus chaenomeli n. sp. Protogyne female: A — Dorsal view; B ‒ Ventral view; C ‒ Lateral anterior region; D ‒ genital region of male. Scale bar: 50 µm for A, B & D; 25 µm for C." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/254983/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="460">2</figureCitation>
|
||||
) (n=10 ‒
|
||||
<typeStatus id="A7538855D517075EB59FF0A3FC11D4A3" box="[909,1007,2008,2033]" pageId="2" pageNumber="460" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<specimenCount id="6EEEFD7ED517075EB239F0A3FB4CD4A2" box="[1067,1202,2008,2032]" pageId="2" pageNumber="460" type="generic" typeStatus="paratypes">9 paratypes</specimenCount>
|
||||
). Body spindleform, 172 (165‒188); wide 68 (64‒69).
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D516075FB40AF7ECFD5CD3E2" bold="true" box="[536,674,151,176]" pageId="3" pageNumber="461">Gnathosom</emphasis>
|
||||
a 21 (18‒21), curved downward, dorsal pedipalpal genual setae
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D516075FB36AF7E3FA78D3E2" box="[1400,1414,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="461">d</emphasis>
|
||||
9 (8‒11), palpcoxal seta
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D516075FB7B6F7C6FE40D386" box="[420,446,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="461">ep</emphasis>
|
||||
3 (3–4), seta
|
||||
<date id="0C561037D516075FB47EF7C6FD6BD386" box="[620,661,188,212]" pageId="3" pageNumber="461">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D516075FB47EF7C6FD86D386" box="[620,632,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="461">v</emphasis>
|
||||
2
|
||||
</date>
|
||||
, cheliceral stylets 17 (15‒17).
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D516075FB214F7C7FB30D387" bold="true" box="[1030,1230,188,213]" pageId="3" pageNumber="461">Prodorsal shield</emphasis>
|
||||
subtriangular, 46 (46‒50), 59 (54‒59) wide with frontal lobe rounded 8 (8‒10); ornamentation: network of lines composed of granules. Median line present in rear fifth of shield, joined to admedians by dart-shaped mark. Admedian lines entire, begin at anterior margin of prodorsal shield, run parallel to each other, along almost whole length of shield: in posterior 1/5 of shield diverging, forming one longitudinal cell along centre of shield. Submedian lines I begin from anterior frontal lobe, run almost directly back between dorsal tubercles. Submedian line I and admedian line connected by two short transverse lines. First transverse line joins submedian line I and admedian line about one third of the way along their length and second transverse line joins them about halfway along their length, forming three separate cells. Submedian lines II located on both sides of shield. On anterior part of shield submedian line II runs parallel to submedian line I. Submedian line II branches about one third of the way along prodorsal shield length: inner branch reaches submedian line I, forming one cell, outer branch runs parallel to lateral margin. Submedian line II crossed by diagonal lines, for a length of about one quarter of prodorsal shield, forming five cells on each side of shield. Lateral lobes not prominent. Scapular tubercles ahead of rear margin 2 (2–3), 19 (18–20) apart, scapular setae
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D516075FB79FF5EAFE5AD1FA" box="[397,420,657,680]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="461">sc</emphasis>
|
||||
9 (7–9) projecting mediad. Legs with usual setae.
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D516075FB213F5F4FBBBD1FA" bold="true" box="[1025,1093,655,680]" pageId="3" pageNumber="461">
|
||||
Leg
|
||||
<date id="0C561037D516075FB228F5F4FBBBD1FA" box="[1082,1093,655,680]" pageId="3" pageNumber="461" value="1930-01">I</date>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
30 (30–32); femur 9 (9–12), basiventral femoral seta
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D516075FB7B9F5CFFE38D19E" box="[427,454,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="461">bv</emphasis>
|
||||
9 (7–12), genu 6 (5–7), antaxial genual seta
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D516075FB5D2F5CFFC36D19E" box="[960,968,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="461">l</emphasis>
|
||||
″ 25 (19–25); tibia 8 (8–9), paraxial tibial seta
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D516075FB6DFF5ADFF25D1A2" box="[205,219,726,752]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="461">l ′</emphasis>
|
||||
5 (5–7); tarsus 6 (6–7), seta
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D516075FB428F5ADFDAED1A2" box="[570,592,726,752]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="461">ft ′</emphasis>
|
||||
19 (16–22),
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D516075FB4FFF5A3FD03D1A2" box="[749,765,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="461">ft</emphasis>
|
||||
″ 23 (18–24),
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D516075FB5B7F5A2FC4DD1A2" box="[933,947,729,752]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="461">u</emphasis>
|
||||
′ 6 (5–6); solenidion
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D516075FB2BFF5A2FB3FD1A2" box="[1197,1217,729,752]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="461">ω</emphasis>
|
||||
7 (7–8), knobbed; empodium 6 (5–7), simple, 4-rayed.
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D516075FB425F587FD7CD047" bold="true" box="[567,642,764,789]" pageId="3" pageNumber="461">
|
||||
Leg
|
||||
<date id="0C561037D516075FB47EF587FD7CD047" box="[620,642,764,789]" pageId="3" pageNumber="461" value="1927-02">II</date>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
27 (27–29); femur 10 (9–10), basiventral femoral seta
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D516075FB2E7F587FAEED046" box="[1269,1296,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="461">bv</emphasis>
|
||||
10 (10–12); genu 5 (5–6), antaxial genual seta
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D516075FB40FF465FDCFD06A" box="[541,561,798,824]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="461">l″</emphasis>
|
||||
10 (9–12); tibia 6 (6–7); tarsus 6 (6–7), setae:
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D516075FB256F45BFBADD06A" box="[1092,1107,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="461">ft</emphasis>
|
||||
″ 6 (5–8),
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D516075FB2DBF45BFB26D06A" box="[1225,1240,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="461">ft</emphasis>
|
||||
′ 18 (17–21),
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D516075FB360F465FA78D06A" box="[1394,1414,798,824]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="461">u ′</emphasis>
|
||||
4 (4–6); solenidion
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D516075FB776F43EFE86D00E" box="[356,376,837,860]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="461">ω</emphasis>
|
||||
7 (6–8), knobbed; empodium 7 (6–7), simple, 4-rayed.
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D516075FB211F43FFB53D00F" bold="true" box="[1027,1197,836,861]" pageId="3" pageNumber="461">Coxal plates I</emphasis>
|
||||
not contiguous with longitudinal lines and dashes,
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D516075FB7FBF41CFD6CD0D2" bold="true" box="[489,658,871,896]" pageId="3" pageNumber="461">coxal plates II</emphasis>
|
||||
with few short transverse lines, setae
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D516075FB22EF413FBA9D0D2" box="[1084,1111,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="461">1b</emphasis>
|
||||
10 (8–11), 12 (12–13) apart; setae
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D516075FB6C4F4F7FF04D0F6" box="[214,250,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="461">1 a</emphasis>
|
||||
21 (14–21), 10 (9–11) apart; setae
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D516075FB49AF4F7FD5DD0F6" box="[648,675,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="461">2a</emphasis>
|
||||
43 (28–43), 26 (24–27) apart; distance between setae
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D516075FB31BF4F7FADBD0F6" box="[1289,1317,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="461">1b</emphasis>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D516075FB34EF4F7FA89D0F6" box="[1372,1399,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="461">1a</emphasis>
|
||||
10 (8–10), distance between setae
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D516075FB41EF4CBFDD6D09A" box="[524,552,944,968]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="461">1a</emphasis>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D516075FB47BF4CBFD7BD09A" box="[617,645,944,968]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="461">2a</emphasis>
|
||||
8 (8–9).
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D516075FB4EEF4D4FC26D09A" bold="true" box="[764,984,943,968]" pageId="3" pageNumber="461">External genitalia</emphasis>
|
||||
12 (11–13), 21 (20–22) wide, genital coverflap with 10 (10–12) striae; setae
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D516075FB440F4AFFD90D0BE" box="[594,622,980,1004]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="461">3a</emphasis>
|
||||
32 (30–38), 15 (15–16) apart.
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D516075FB5D9F4AFFB96D0BF" bold="true" box="[971,1128,980,1005]" pageId="3" pageNumber="461">Opisthosoma</emphasis>
|
||||
with wide median and two lateral longitudinal ridges. Total dorsal annuli 46 (43–47) with oval microtubercles on ridges, placed on rear margin, area between median ridge and lateral ridges of dorsal opisthosoma smooth; total ventral annuli 68 (61–69) with microtubercles rounded, placed on rear annuli margin except for posterior annuli on which microtubercles elongated. 11 (10–12) coxigenital annuli. Setae
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D516075FB4BEF31EFD38D72F" box="[684,710,1125,1149]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="461">c2</emphasis>
|
||||
26 (24–30), 49 (48–51) apart, on 10 (9–11th) annulus; setae
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D516075FB379F31EFA87D72F" box="[1387,1401,1125,1149]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="461">d</emphasis>
|
||||
49 (37–62), 30 (27–30) apart, on 25 (22–25th) annulus; setae
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D516075FB533F3F0FCD3D7F0" box="[801,813,1163,1186]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="461">e</emphasis>
|
||||
34 (23–38), 14 (13–25) apart, on 45 (39–45th) annulus; setae
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D516075FB6C5F3D4FF21D795" box="[215,223,1199,1223]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="461">f</emphasis>
|
||||
26 (20–32), 22 (21–25) apart, on 63 (56–63th) annulus, 5–6th annulus from rear. Setae
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D516075FB2D6F3D4FB1ED795" box="[1220,1248,1199,1223]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="461">h1</emphasis>
|
||||
3 (2–3), 5 (4–6) apart; setae
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D516075FB70EF3A8FEC7D7B9" box="[284,313,1235,1259]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="461">h2</emphasis>
|
||||
58 (40–58), 11 (9–11) apart; distance between
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D516075FB55BF3A8FC9BD7B9" box="[841,869,1235,1259]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="461">h1</emphasis>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D516075FB58EF3A8FC46D7B9" box="[924,952,1235,1259]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="461">h2</emphasis>
|
||||
3 (2–3).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="785736F7D516075FB6D5F38CFA8ED400" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2018]" pageId="3" pageNumber="461">
|
||||
DEUTOGYNE FEMALE (n=
|
||||
<specimenCount id="6EEEFD7ED516075FB439F38CFD32D65D" box="[555,716,1270,1295]" pageId="3" pageNumber="461" type="generic">11 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||||
) (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="E0D32A72D516075FB4F9F38DFCC5D65D" box="[747,827,1270,1295]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1687,1709]" captionTargetBox="[163,1419,182,1654]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,171,1666]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Epitrimerus chaenomeli n. sp. Deutogyne female: D — Dorsal mite; IG—Internal genitalia; CG—Coxigenital region; SD — Lateral view of anterior region; em — empodium (enlarged). Scale bar: 50 µm for D, CG & SD; 10 µm for IG." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/254984/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="461">Figs 3</figureCitation>
|
||||
&
|
||||
<figureCitation id="E0D32A72D516075FB562F38CFC7FD65D" box="[880,897,1271,1295]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1961,1983]" captionTargetBox="[273,1303,193,1915]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[271,1307,193,1916]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Digital micrographs of Epitrimerus chaenomeli n. sp. Deutogyne female: A — Dorsal view; B ‒ Ventral view; C — Internal female genitalia; D — Legs. Scale bar: 50 µm for A & B, 25 µm for C & D." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/254985/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="461">4</figureCitation>
|
||||
): body spindleform, 150–182; width 65–72.
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D516075FB685F260FECED666" bold="true" box="[151,304,1307,1332]" pageId="3" pageNumber="461">Gnathosoma</emphasis>
|
||||
19–22, curved downward, dorsal pedipalpal genual seta
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D516075FB5AEF260FC34D661" box="[956,970,1307,1331]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="461">d</emphasis>
|
||||
6–10, palpcoxal seta
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D516075FB2D6F267FB21D661" box="[1220,1247,1308,1331]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="461">ep</emphasis>
|
||||
4–6, seta
|
||||
<date id="0C561037D516075FB347F267FA69D661" box="[1365,1431,1307,1331]" pageId="3" pageNumber="461">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D516075FB347F267FA9FD661" box="[1365,1377,1308,1331]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="461">v</emphasis>
|
||||
2–3
|
||||
</date>
|
||||
, cheliceral stylets 15–16.
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D516075FB7AFF245FD7BD605" bold="true" box="[445,645,1342,1367]" pageId="3" pageNumber="461">Prodorsal shield</emphasis>
|
||||
subtriangular, 43–47, 49–57 wide with frontal lobe rounded 9‒11. Shield pattern: smooth with admedian lines beginning from the side of frontal anterior lobe and running almost straight back to area between dorsal tubercles. Tubercles of setae
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D516075FB561F2F3FC74D6CD" box="[883,906,1416,1439]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="461">sc</emphasis>
|
||||
2–3. Base of tubercles extending forward from rear margin; 16–21 apart, seta
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D516075FB7FFF2D7FDFAD691" box="[493,516,1452,1475]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="461">sc</emphasis>
|
||||
8–10. Legs with all usual segments and setae present.
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D516075FB278F2D0FB57D696" bold="true" box="[1130,1193,1451,1476]" pageId="3" pageNumber="461">
|
||||
Leg
|
||||
<date id="0C561037D516075FB28CF2D0FB57D696" box="[1182,1193,1451,1476]" pageId="3" pageNumber="461" value="1932-01-30">I</date>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
30–32; femur 10–12, femoral setae
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D516075FB726F2B4FEB1D6B5" box="[308,335,1487,1511]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="461">bv</emphasis>
|
||||
8–12; genu 5–7, genual setae l″ 18–25; tibia 6–8, tibial setae
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D516075FB216F2B4FBF2D6B5" box="[1028,1036,1487,1511]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="461">l</emphasis>
|
||||
′ 5–7; tarsus 6–7, tarsal setae
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D516075FB347F2B4FA9AD6B5" box="[1365,1380,1487,1511]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="461">ft</emphasis>
|
||||
′ 16– 22, setae
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D516075FB6EDF288FEF0D559" box="[255,270,1523,1547]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="461">ft</emphasis>
|
||||
″ 18–21, setae
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D516075FB7A1F28FFE3FD559" box="[435,449,1524,1547]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="461">u</emphasis>
|
||||
′ 5–7; solenidion
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D516075FB490F28FFD68D559" box="[642,662,1524,1547]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="461">ω</emphasis>
|
||||
6–7, knobbed; empodium 5–7, simple, 4-rayed.
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D516075FB2A6F288FB00D55E" bold="true" box="[1204,1278,1523,1548]" pageId="3" pageNumber="461">
|
||||
Leg
|
||||
<date id="0C561037D516075FB2FAF288FB00D55E" box="[1256,1278,1523,1548]" pageId="3" pageNumber="461" value="1927-02-29">II</date>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
27–29; femur 9–11, femoral setae
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D516075FB769F16CFE68D57D" box="[379,406,1559,1583]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="461">bv</emphasis>
|
||||
10–12; genu 5–6, genual setae
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D516075FB4E8F16CFCFCD57D" box="[762,770,1559,1583]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="461">l</emphasis>
|
||||
″ 7–8; tibia 5–6; tarsus 6–7, setae: tarsal setae
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D516075FB31CF16CFAE3D57D" box="[1294,1309,1559,1583]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="461">ft</emphasis>
|
||||
′ 6–8, setae
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D516075FB685F140FF59D501" box="[151,167,1595,1619]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="461">ft</emphasis>
|
||||
″ 17–21,
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D516075FB703F147FEE1D501" box="[273,287,1596,1619]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="461">u</emphasis>
|
||||
′ 5–6; solenidion
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D516075FB7F5F147FE05D501" box="[487,507,1596,1619]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="461">ω</emphasis>
|
||||
7–8, knobbed; empodium 5–6, simple, 4-rayed. Coxal plates not contiguous and smooth. Setae
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D516075FB72FF124FEA7D525" box="[317,345,1631,1655]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="461">1b</emphasis>
|
||||
9–10, 11–13 apart; setae
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D516075FB46DF124FD64D525" box="[639,666,1631,1655]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="461">1a</emphasis>
|
||||
16–24, 9–10 apart; setae
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D516075FB5D0F124FC23D525" box="[962,989,1631,1655]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="461">2a</emphasis>
|
||||
28 –38, 23–27 apart; distance between setae
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D516075FB6C8F1F8FF09D5C9" box="[218,247,1667,1691]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="461">1b</emphasis>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D516075FB727F1F8FEACD5C9" box="[309,338,1667,1691]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="461">1a</emphasis>
|
||||
9–10, distance between setae
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D516075FB4A9F1F8FD29D5C9" box="[699,727,1667,1691]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="461">1a</emphasis>
|
||||
and 2a 8–9.
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D516075FB56AF1F8FBADD5CE" bold="true" box="[888,1107,1667,1692]" pageId="3" pageNumber="461">External genitalia</emphasis>
|
||||
11–13, 20–23 wide, genital coverflap with 8–10 longitudinal striae; setae
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D516075FB48CF1DCFD44D5ED" box="[670,698,1703,1727]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="461">3a</emphasis>
|
||||
27–39, 13–16 apart.
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D516075FB5BEF1DDFBB7D5ED" bold="true" box="[940,1097,1702,1727]" pageId="3" pageNumber="461">Opisthosoma</emphasis>
|
||||
with 44–47 dorsal annuli and 49–53 ventral annuli, 10–12 coxigenital annuli. Dorsal and ventral annuli smooth, except for last 10 ventral annuli, which have elongated microtubercles. Setae
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D516075FB498F18BFD5AD45A" box="[650,676,1776,1800]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="461">
|
||||
c
|
||||
<date id="0C561037D516075FB484F18BFD5AD45A" box="[662,676,1776,1800]" pageId="3" pageNumber="461" value="1934-02-23">2</date>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
23–34, 47–54 apart, on 8th annulus; setae
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D516075FB296F18BFB6CD45A" box="[1156,1170,1776,1800]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="461">d</emphasis>
|
||||
35–70, 29–30 apart, on 18–22nd annulus; setae
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D516075FB7B1F06DFE51D47F" box="[419,431,1814,1837]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="461">e</emphasis>
|
||||
25–40, 13–16 apart, on 29–34th annulus; setae
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D516075FB5D7F06EFC33D47F" box="[965,973,1813,1837]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="461">f</emphasis>
|
||||
25–30, 36–42 apart, on 45–50th annulus, 5–6th annulus from rear. Setae
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D516075FB7E6F041FDEED400" box="[500,528,1850,1874]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="461">h1</emphasis>
|
||||
3–4, 5–6 apart; setae
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D516075FB514F041FCDDD400" box="[774,803,1850,1874]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="461">h2</emphasis>
|
||||
44–61, 9–11 apart; distance between
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D516075FB2DBF041FB1BD400" box="[1225,1253,1850,1874]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="461">h1</emphasis>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D516075FB30EF041FAC6D400" box="[1308,1336,1850,1874]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="461">h2</emphasis>
|
||||
2–3.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="785736F7D5160758B6D5F025FBC4D1D4" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2018]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1437,151,1998]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="462" pageId="3" pageNumber="461">
|
||||
MALE (n=
|
||||
<specimenCount id="6EEEFD7ED516075FB75AF026FE27D424" box="[328,473,1885,1910]" pageId="3" pageNumber="461" type="generic">5 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||||
): body spindleform, 153–174; width 55–67. Gnathosoma 17–20, curved downward, dorsal pedipalpal genual setae
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D516075FB7E9F0F9FDF7D4C8" box="[507,521,1922,1946]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="461">d</emphasis>
|
||||
6–9, palpcoxal seta
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D516075FB4E8F0F9FCEBD4CB" box="[762,789,1922,1945]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="461">ep</emphasis>
|
||||
3–4, seta
|
||||
<date id="0C561037D516075FB59DF0F9FC4BD4C8" box="[911,949,1922,1946]" pageId="3" pageNumber="461">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D516075FB59DF0F9FC65D4CB" box="[911,923,1922,1945]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="461">v</emphasis>
|
||||
2
|
||||
</date>
|
||||
, cheliceral stylets 14–15. Prodorsal shield subtriangular, 43–47 with frontal lobe rounded 6–8, 48–56 wide; with similar design to protogyne. Tubercles of setae
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D516075FB6C5F0B1FF10D4B3" box="[215,238,1994,2017]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="461">sc</emphasis>
|
||||
ahead of rear margin 2–3, 15–16 apart, setae
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D516075FB4E4F0B1FCF3D4B3" box="[758,781,1994,2017]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="461">sc</emphasis>
|
||||
7–9. Legs with usual series setae.
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D516075FB28AF0B2FB26D4B0" bold="true" box="[1176,1240,1993,2018]" pageId="3" pageNumber="461">
|
||||
Leg
|
||||
<date id="0C561037D516075FB2DFF0B2FB26D4B0" box="[1229,1240,1993,2018]" pageId="3" pageNumber="461" value="1932-01-27">I</date>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
27–32; femur 8– 10, basiventral femoral seta
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D5110758B7C7F7E3FE0ED3E2" box="[469,496,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="462">bv</emphasis>
|
||||
8–10; genu 5–6, seta, antaxial genual seta
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D5110758B5C6F7E3FC22D3E2" box="[980,988,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="462">l</emphasis>
|
||||
″ 21–24; tibia 7–8, seta
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D5110758B2FAF7E3FB0ED3E2" box="[1256,1264,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="462">l</emphasis>
|
||||
′ 4–7; tarsus 5– 6, seta
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D5110758B6F6F7C7FF0DD386" box="[228,243,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="462">ft</emphasis>
|
||||
″ 18–23, seta
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D5110758B79EF7C7FE65D386" box="[396,411,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="462">ft</emphasis>
|
||||
′ 14–19,
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D5110758B7EEF7C6FDF4D386" box="[508,522,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="462">u</emphasis>
|
||||
′ 3–4; solenidion
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D5110758B4D9F7C6FD21D386" box="[715,735,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="462">ω</emphasis>
|
||||
6–7, knobbed; empodium 5–6, simple, 4-rayed.
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D5110758B2ECF7C7FAB6D387" bold="true" box="[1278,1352,188,213]" pageId="4" pageNumber="462">
|
||||
Leg
|
||||
<date id="0C561037D5110758B320F7C7FAB6D387" box="[1330,1352,188,213]" pageId="4" pageNumber="462" value="1924-02-29">II</date>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
24–29; femur 9–10, basiventral femoral seta
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D5110758B453F79BFDA2D3AA" box="[577,604,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="462">bv</emphasis>
|
||||
7–9; genu 4–6, antaxial genual seta
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D5110758B5EDF79BFBF9D3AA" box="[1023,1031,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="462">l</emphasis>
|
||||
′ 6–11; tibia 6–7; tarsus 6, setae:
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D5110758B393F79BFA6ED3AA" box="[1409,1424,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="462">ft</emphasis>
|
||||
″ 13–21,
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D5110758B6F8F67FFF04D24E" box="[234,250,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="462">ft</emphasis>
|
||||
′ 5–11,
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D5110758B759F67EFEA7D24E" box="[331,345,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="462">u</emphasis>
|
||||
′ 3–4; solenidion
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D5110758B408F67EFDD0D24E" box="[538,558,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="462">ω</emphasis>
|
||||
6–7, knobbed; empodium 5–6, simple, 4-rayed.
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D5110758B25EF67FFB0ED24F" bold="true" box="[1100,1264,260,285]" pageId="4" pageNumber="462">Coxal plates I</emphasis>
|
||||
not contiguous with longitudinal lines and dashes,
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D5110758B422F65CFD23D212" bold="true" box="[560,733,295,320]" pageId="4" pageNumber="462">coxal plates II</emphasis>
|
||||
with few short transverse lines. Setae
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D5110758B2B2F653FB42D212" box="[1184,1212,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="462">1b</emphasis>
|
||||
8–11, 11–13 apart; setae
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D5110758B6C4F637FF0DD236" box="[214,243,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="462">1a</emphasis>
|
||||
16–20, 9–10 apart; setae
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D5110758B407F637FDCFD236" box="[533,561,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="462">2a</emphasis>
|
||||
24–36, 21–24 apart; distance between setae
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D5110758B239F637FBB9D236" box="[1067,1095,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="462">1b</emphasis>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D5110758B26DF637FB65D236" box="[1151,1179,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="462">1a</emphasis>
|
||||
8–9, distance between setae
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D5110758B6C7F60BFF0CD2DA" box="[213,242,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="462">1a</emphasis>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D5110758B735F60BFEBCD2DA" box="[295,322,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="462">2a</emphasis>
|
||||
7–10.
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D5110758B79CF614FD9AD2DA" bold="true" box="[398,612,367,392]" pageId="4" pageNumber="462">External genitalia</emphasis>
|
||||
19–20 wide, surface below eugenital setae with granules; setae
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D5110758B33EF60BFAB6D2DA" box="[1324,1352,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="462">3a</emphasis>
|
||||
16–21, 14–17 apart.
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D5110758B720F6EFFE31D2FF" bold="true" box="[306,463,404,429]" pageId="4" pageNumber="462">Opisthosoma</emphasis>
|
||||
similar to female protogyne with longitudinal ridges, wide median and two lateral ridges. Total dorsal annuli with 40–42 dorsal with oval microtubercles on ridges placed on rear margin, areas between median ridge and lateral ridges of dorsal opisthosoma smooth and 61–63 ventral annuli with rounded microtubercles placed on rear annuli margin, on posterior annuli microtubercles elongated, 9–10 coxigenital annuli. Setae
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D5110758B73CF55EFEB7D16F" box="[302,329,549,573]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="462">
|
||||
c
|
||||
<date id="0C561037D5110758B729F55EFEB7D16F" box="[315,329,549,573]" pageId="4" pageNumber="462" value="1944-02-24" valueMax="1944-02-30" valueMin="1944-02-24">2</date>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
24–30, 44–47 apart, on 11th annulus; setae
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D5110758B525F55EFCBBD16F" box="[823,837,549,573]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="462">d</emphasis>
|
||||
37–44, 27–30 apart, on 20–23th annulus; setae
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D5110758B34CF55DFA94D16F" box="[1374,1386,550,573]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="462">e</emphasis>
|
||||
25– 30, 13–16 apart, on 36–39th annulus; setae
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D5110758B49DF531FD69D130" box="[655,663,586,610]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="462">f</emphasis>
|
||||
21–31, 19–24 apart, on 56–58th annulus, 5–6th annulus from rear. Setae
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D5110758B6C8F515FF08D1D4" box="[218,246,622,646]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="462">h1</emphasis>
|
||||
2–3, 5 apart; setae
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D5110758B7C2F515FE12D1D4" box="[464,492,622,646]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="462">h2</emphasis>
|
||||
32–62, 9–10 apart; distance between
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D5110758B586F515FC4ED1D4" box="[916,944,622,646]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="462">h1</emphasis>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D5110758B5F4F515FBFFD1D4" box="[998,1025,622,646]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="462">h2</emphasis>
|
||||
2–3.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="785736F7D5110758B6D5F5E9FF00D65A" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,1998]" pageId="4" pageNumber="462">
|
||||
NYMPH (n=
|
||||
<specimenCount id="6EEEFD7ED5110758B748F5E9FE16D1F8" box="[346,488,657,682]" pageId="4" pageNumber="462" type="generic">4 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||||
), (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="E0D32A72D5110758B411F5EAFD98D1F8" box="[515,614,657,682]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1590,1612]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1568]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,193,1569]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Digital micrographs of Epitrimerus chaenomeli n. sp. Nymph: A — Dorsal view; B ‒ Ventral view. Scale bar 50 µm for both." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/254986/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="462">Figure 5</figureCitation>
|
||||
): body spindleform, 116–134; width 51–57.
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D5110758B24EF5EAFB0AD1F8" bold="true" box="[1116,1268,657,682]" pageId="4" pageNumber="462">Gnathosoma</emphasis>
|
||||
13–18, curved downward, dorsal pedipalpal genual setae
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D5110758B486F5CEFD5CD19F" box="[660,674,693,717]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="462">d</emphasis>
|
||||
4–6, palpcoxal seta
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D5110758B5B0F5CDFC43D19F" box="[930,957,694,717]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="462">ep</emphasis>
|
||||
3–4, seta
|
||||
<date id="0C561037D5110758B250F5CDFB92D19C" box="[1090,1132,694,718]" pageId="4" pageNumber="462">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D5110758B250F5CDFBB0D19F" box="[1090,1102,694,717]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="462">v</emphasis>
|
||||
2
|
||||
</date>
|
||||
, cheliceral stylets 13–14.
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D5110758B685F5A3FEA3D1A3" bold="true" box="[151,349,728,753]" pageId="4" pageNumber="462">Prodorsal shield</emphasis>
|
||||
subtriangular, 40–45 with frontal lobe rounded 5–7, 42–47 wide; ornamentation: median line present only on rear fifth of prodorsal shield, admedian lines distinct, running in an almost straight line to area between the dorsal tubercles. Granules on side of prodorsal shield create network. Tubercles of setae
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D5110758B309F45AFACCD06A" box="[1307,1330,801,824]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="462">sc</emphasis>
|
||||
ahead of rear margin14–16 apart, scapular setae
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D5110758B45CF43FFD9BD009" box="[590,613,836,859]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="462">sc</emphasis>
|
||||
5–6. Legs with series setae.
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D5110758B5B5F438FC18D00E" bold="true" box="[935,998,835,860]" pageId="4" pageNumber="462">
|
||||
Leg
|
||||
<date id="0C561037D5110758B5C9F438FC18D00E" box="[987,998,835,860]" pageId="4" pageNumber="462" value="1920-01-25">I</date>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
20–25; femur 6–7, basiventral femoral seta
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D5110758B6DBF41DFF1DD02C" box="[201,227,870,894]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="462">bv</emphasis>
|
||||
6–7, genu 3–4, antaxial genual seta
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D5110758B46FF41DFD7BD02C" box="[637,645,870,894]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="462">l</emphasis>
|
||||
″ 15–17; tibia 5–6, tibial seta
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D5110758B5C3F41DFC27D02C" box="[977,985,870,894]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="462">l</emphasis>
|
||||
′ 3–4; tarsus 4, setae:
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D5110758B2D9F41CFB24D02D" box="[1227,1242,871,895]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="462">ft</emphasis>
|
||||
″ 11–16,
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D5110758B352F41CFAB1D02D" box="[1344,1359,871,895]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="462">ft</emphasis>
|
||||
′ 9–14,
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D5110758B685F4F0FF5BD0F0" box="[151,165,907,930]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="462">u</emphasis>
|
||||
′ 3–4; solenidion
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D5110758B774F4F0FE84D0F0" box="[358,378,907,930]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="462">ω</emphasis>
|
||||
4–5, knobbed; empodium 4–5, simple, 4-rayed.
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D5110758B589F4F1FC1BD0F1" bold="true" box="[923,997,906,931]" pageId="4" pageNumber="462">
|
||||
Leg
|
||||
<date id="0C561037D5110758B5DDF4F1FC1BD0F1" box="[975,997,906,931]" pageId="4" pageNumber="462" value="1918-02-22">II</date>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
18–22; femur 6–8, basiventral femoral seta
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D5110758B6D9F4D6FF18D097" box="[203,230,941,965]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="462">bv</emphasis>
|
||||
6–7; genu 3–4, seta
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D5110758B7C5F4D6FE21D097" box="[471,479,941,965]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="462">l</emphasis>
|
||||
″ 5–7; tibia 4–5; tarsus 4–5, seta ft″ 9–16,
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D5110758B5D9F4D5FC24D094" box="[971,986,942,966]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="462">ft</emphasis>
|
||||
′ 8–9,
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D5110758B231F4D5FBCFD097" box="[1059,1073,942,965]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="462">u</emphasis>
|
||||
′ 2; solenidion
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D5110758B2CFF4D5FB0FD097" box="[1245,1265,942,965]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="462">ω</emphasis>
|
||||
5–6, knobbed; empodium 4, simple, 4-rayed.
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D5110758B7E3F4AAFD66D0B8" bold="true" box="[497,664,977,1002]" pageId="4" pageNumber="462">Coxal plates I</emphasis>
|
||||
are not contiguous with longitudinal lines and dashes.
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D5110758B31AF4AAFF53D75F" bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="462">Coxal plates II</emphasis>
|
||||
have a few short transversal lines, setae
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D5110758B492F48EFD63D75F" box="[640,669,1013,1037]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="462">1b</emphasis>
|
||||
4–6, 9–10 apart; setae
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D5110758B5B5F48EFC3CD75F" box="[935,962,1013,1037]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="462">1a</emphasis>
|
||||
12–17, 7–9 apart; setae
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D5110758B2CEF48EFB09D75F" box="[1244,1271,1013,1037]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="462">2a</emphasis>
|
||||
18–26, 17–26 apart; distance between setae
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D5110758B7F6F363FDFFD762" box="[484,513,1048,1072]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="462">1b</emphasis>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D5110758B425F363FDACD762" box="[567,594,1048,1072]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="462">1a</emphasis>
|
||||
8–10, distance between setae
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D5110758B5B5F363FC3CD762" box="[935,962,1048,1072]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="462">1a</emphasis>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D5110758B5EBF363FBEBD762" box="[1017,1045,1048,1072]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="462">2a</emphasis>
|
||||
7–8. Setae
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D5110758B28AF363FB4AD762" box="[1176,1204,1048,1072]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="462">3a</emphasis>
|
||||
16–21, 14–17 apart.
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D5110758B685F340FECAD706" bold="true" box="[151,308,1083,1108]" pageId="4" pageNumber="462">Opisthosoma</emphasis>
|
||||
with 50–52 dorsal and 52–58 ventral annuli, 8–9 coxigenital annuli. Dorsal annuli with oval microtubercles, placed on rear margin, ventral annuli with microtubercles rounded on posterior annuli microtubercles elongated, placed on rear annuli margin. Setae
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D5110758B541F3F8FC90D7C9" box="[851,878,1155,1179]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="462">
|
||||
c
|
||||
<date id="0C561037D5110758B572F3F8FC90D7C9" box="[864,878,1155,1179]" pageId="4" pageNumber="462" value="1937-02-14" valueMax="1937-02-18" valueMin="1937-02-14">2</date>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
14–18, 37–43 apart, on 11th annulus; setae
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D5110758B34FF3F8FA95D7C9" box="[1373,1387,1155,1179]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="462">d</emphasis>
|
||||
16– 34, 19–22 apart, on 20–23th annulus; setae
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D5110758B490F3D2FD70D792" box="[642,654,1193,1216]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="462">e</emphasis>
|
||||
17–20, 12–16 apart, on 32–36th annulus; setae
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D5110758B2BEF3D3FB4AD792" box="[1196,1204,1192,1216]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="462">f</emphasis>
|
||||
14–19, 18–19 apart, on 48–53th annulus, 6th annulus from rear. Setae
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D5110758B4D9F3B7FD18D7B6" box="[715,742,1228,1252]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="462">h1</emphasis>
|
||||
1–2, 4 apart; setae
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D5110758B5D7F3B7FC1FD7B6" box="[965,993,1228,1252]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="462">h2</emphasis>
|
||||
32–39, 7–8 apart; distance between
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D5110758B392F3B7FA65D7B6" box="[1408,1435,1228,1252]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="462">h1</emphasis>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D5110758B6D4F38BFF1CD65A" box="[198,226,1264,1288]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="462">h2</emphasis>
|
||||
2.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="30F2657CD5110758B6D5F268FC53D49C" pageId="4" pageNumber="462" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph id="785736F7D5110758B6D5F268FAB4D67E" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,1998]" box="[199,1354,1299,1324]" pageId="4" pageNumber="462">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D5110758B6D5F268FEBFD67E" bold="true" box="[199,321,1299,1324]" pageId="4" pageNumber="462">
|
||||
<typeStatus id="A7538855D5110758B6D5F268FEFCD67E" box="[199,258,1299,1324]" pageId="4" pageNumber="462">Type</typeStatus>
|
||||
host.
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="BFE84D74D5110758B75AF268FE21D679" box="[328,479,1299,1323]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Chaenomeles" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="4" pageNumber="462" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D5110758B75AF268FE21D679" box="[328,479,1299,1323]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="462">Chaenomeles</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
x
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="BFE84D74D5110758B7E9F268FCEED67E" authority="(Frahm) Rehder" authorityName="(Frahm) Rehder" box="[507,784,1299,1324]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Chaenomeles" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="4" pageNumber="462" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="superba">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D5110758B7E9F268FDA8D679" box="[507,598,1299,1323]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="462">superba</emphasis>
|
||||
(Frahm) Rehder
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D5110758B554F26FFC9ED679" box="[838,864,1300,1323]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="462">C.</emphasis>
|
||||
x
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="BFE84D74D5110758B56EF268FC28D679" authority="Crimson" authorityName="Crimson" box="[892,982,1299,1323]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Chaenomeles" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="4" pageNumber="462" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="superba">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D5110758B56EF268FC28D679" box="[892,982,1299,1323]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="462">superba</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
‘Crimson and Gold’ (
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="BFE84D74D5110758B2DFF26FFAC0D67E" box="[1229,1342,1300,1324]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="4" pageNumber="462" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Rosaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="785736F7D5110758B6D5F24DFEC3D621" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,1998]" pageId="4" pageNumber="462">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D5110758B6D5F24DFE91D61D" bold="true" box="[199,367,1334,1359]" pageId="4" pageNumber="462">Type locality.</emphasis>
|
||||
The Botanical Garden of the Polish Academy of Sciences in Powsin, (52°6'26,59"N 21°5'41,83"E).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="785736F7D5110758B6D5F206FAD2D553" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,1998]" pageId="4" pageNumber="462">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D5110758B6D5F206FE8AD6C4" bold="true" box="[199,372,1405,1430]" pageId="4" pageNumber="462">Type material.</emphasis>
|
||||
Female holotype, 28 female protogyne, 56 female deutogyne, 11 male and 11 nymph paratypes collected by the authors at different times from
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="BFE84D74D5110758B4BDF2DAFCB8D6EB" box="[687,838,1441,1465]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Chaenomeles" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="4" pageNumber="462" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D5110758B4BDF2DAFCB8D6EB" box="[687,838,1441,1465]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="462">Chaenomeles</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
x
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="BFE84D74D5110758B571F2DAFC43D6EB" box="[867,957,1441,1465]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Chaenomeles" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="4" pageNumber="462" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="superba">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D5110758B571F2DAFC43D6EB" box="[867,957,1441,1465]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="462">superba</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, cultivar Crimson and Gold: 14 protogyne female and 5 male,
|
||||
<date id="0C561037D5110758B767F2BFFDECD68F" box="[373,530,1476,1501]" pageId="4" pageNumber="462" value="2013-07-31">July 31, 2013</date>
|
||||
. 21 deutogyne females,
|
||||
<date id="0C561037D5110758B530F2BEFC1ED68F" box="[802,992,1477,1501]" pageId="4" pageNumber="462" value="2013-08-27">August 27, 2013</date>
|
||||
, 35 deutogyne females, 7 nymphs,
|
||||
<date id="0C561037D5110758B37CF2BFFF03D552" pageId="4" pageNumber="462" value="2014-07-31">July 31, 2014</date>
|
||||
; 8 female protogynes, 4 males, 4 nymphs,
|
||||
<date id="0C561037D5110758B4C8F292FC87D553" box="[730,889,1512,1537]" pageId="4" pageNumber="462" value="2015-05-11">May 11, 2015</date>
|
||||
; 8 protogynes, 2 males,
|
||||
<date id="0C561037D5110758B29AF292FAD6D553" box="[1160,1320,1512,1537]" pageId="4" pageNumber="462" value="2015-06-10">June 10, 2015</date>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="785736F7D5110758B6D5F170FEC8D584" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,1998]" pageId="4" pageNumber="462">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D5110758B6D5F170FDE9D576" bold="true" box="[199,535,1547,1572]" pageId="4" pageNumber="462">Other material and locality:</emphasis>
|
||||
63 protogynes, 17 deutogynes, 13 males and 3 nymphs collected by the authors at different times from
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="BFE84D74D5110758B7A3F154FDB6D515" box="[433,584,1583,1607]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Chaenomeles" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="4" pageNumber="462" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D5110758B7A3F154FDB6D515" box="[433,584,1583,1607]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="462">Chaenomeles</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
x
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="BFE84D74D5110758B47DF154FD37D515" box="[623,713,1583,1607]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Chaenomeles" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="4" pageNumber="462" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="superba">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D5110758B47DF154FD37D515" box="[623,713,1583,1607]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="462">superba</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
in the Rogów Arboretum of the Warsaw University of Life Sciences (51°49'20,33"N 19°54'07,09"E): 1 protogyne female,
|
||||
<date id="0C561037D5110758B572F128FBFCD539" box="[864,1026,1619,1643]" pageId="4" pageNumber="462" value="2013-05-21">May 21, 2013</date>
|
||||
; 19 protogyne females, 7 deutogyne females, 2 males and 3 nymphs,
|
||||
<date id="0C561037D5110758B417F10EFD5ED5DC" box="[517,672,1653,1678]" pageId="4" pageNumber="462" value="2013-07-19">July 19, 2013</date>
|
||||
; 22 protogyne females, 1 deutogyne female, 4 males,
|
||||
<date id="0C561037D5110758B2EFF10EFA66D5DC" box="[1277,1432,1653,1678]" pageId="4" pageNumber="462" value="2014-07-10">July 10, 2014</date>
|
||||
; 9 deutogyne females,
|
||||
<date id="0C561037D5110758B79DF1E2FDD5D5E0" box="[399,555,1689,1714]" pageId="4" pageNumber="462" value="2014-04-04">April 4, 2014</date>
|
||||
; 5 protogyne females, 3 males,
|
||||
<date id="0C561037D5110758B580F1E2FBD1D5E0" box="[914,1071,1689,1714]" pageId="4" pageNumber="462" value="2015-07-19">July 19, 2015</date>
|
||||
; 16 protogyne females, 4 males,
|
||||
<date id="0C561037D5110758B685F1C6FECCD584" box="[151,306,1725,1750]" pageId="4" pageNumber="462" value="2015-07-10">July 10, 2015</date>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="785736F7D5110758B6D5F19BFC53D49C" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,1998]" pageId="4" pageNumber="462">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D5110758B6D5F19BFDFAD5AB" bold="true" box="[199,516,1760,1785]" pageId="4" pageNumber="462">Relation to the host plant.</emphasis>
|
||||
During the period from May to June, eriophyoid mites fed on the lower side of leaves and no damage was observed on the leaves. However, in the second half of July slight rusting on the under surfaces of infested leaf blades was visible (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="E0D32A72D5110758B49EF05CFD11D412" box="[652,751,1831,1856]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1928,1950]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,909,1906]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,909,1907]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Feeding symptoms of Epitrimerus chaenomeli n. sp. on the leaves of Chaenomeles superba, cultivar Crimson and Gold." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/254987/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="462">Figure 6</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Females of this species winter at the base of leaf stalks on one and two-year-old shoots (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="E0D32A72D5110758B7F4F031FDB6D431" box="[486,584,1866,1891]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="11.[151,250,870,892]" captionTargetBox="[384,1203,193,848]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[384,1203,193,848]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 7. Deutogyne females of Epitrimerus chaenomeli n. sp. at the base of leaf stalks." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/254988/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="462">Figure 7</figureCitation>
|
||||
). In Spring (at the end of April), deutogynes leave their wintering sites and move to the leaves to start feeding and laying eggs. In May and June, mainly protogynes, larvae and males were found on the leaves. The first deutogynes of the new generation appear on leaves during July, at the end of this month and during August, eriophyoid mites go to their wintering sites.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<caption id="2C97667FD5100759B685F0E4FBCAD4A0" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/254982/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="463" targetBox="[225,1356,202,1908]" targetPageId="5">
|
||||
<paragraph id="785736F7D5100759B685F0E4FBCAD4A0" blockId="5.[151,1436,1951,2034]" pageId="5" pageNumber="463">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D5100759B685F0E4FEEDD4E6" bold="true" box="[151,275,1951,1973]" pageId="5" pageNumber="463">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="BFE84D74D5100759B708F0DBFDF1D4E7" box="[282,527,1951,1973]" class="Arachnida" family="Eriophyidae" genus="Epitrimerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Prostigmata" pageId="5" pageNumber="463" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chaenomeli" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D5100759B708F0DBFDF1D4E7" box="[282,527,1951,1973]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="463">Epitrimerus chaenomeli</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="51AF579ED5100759B404F0E4FDAED4E6" box="[534,592,1951,1972]" pageId="5" pageNumber="463" rank="species">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D5100759B404F0E4FDAED4E6" bold="true" box="[534,592,1951,1972]" pageId="5" pageNumber="463">n. sp.</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
Protogyne female:
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D5100759B50BF0E4FCD5D4E6" bold="true" box="[793,811,1951,1972]" pageId="5" pageNumber="463">D</emphasis>
|
||||
—Dorsal mite;
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D5100759B5D8F0E4FC19D4E7" bold="true" box="[970,999,1951,1973]" pageId="5" pageNumber="463">IG</emphasis>
|
||||
—Internal genitalia;
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D5100759B2AEF0E4FB27D4E6" bold="true" box="[1212,1241,1951,1972]" pageId="5" pageNumber="463">L1</emphasis>
|
||||
— Leg I,
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D5100759B32CF0E4FAA4D4E6" bold="true" box="[1342,1370,1951,1972]" pageId="5" pageNumber="463">L2</emphasis>
|
||||
—Leg II;
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D5100759B6A4F0C6FF22D481" bold="true" box="[182,220,1981,2003]" pageId="5" pageNumber="463">CG</emphasis>
|
||||
—Coxigenital region;
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D5100759B7D1F0C7FE1DD481" bold="true" box="[451,483,1980,2003]" pageId="5" pageNumber="463">SD</emphasis>
|
||||
—Lateral view of anterior region of female;
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D5100759B5A2F0C5FC2ED481" bold="true" box="[944,976,1982,2003]" pageId="5" pageNumber="463">em</emphasis>
|
||||
—empodium (enlarged);
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D5100759B2C6F0C6FAFED481" bold="true" box="[1236,1280,1981,2003]" pageId="5" pageNumber="463">GM</emphasis>
|
||||
—Genital male region. Scale bar: 50 µm for D, CG, SA; 20 µm for GM; 15 µm for L1 & L2; 10 µm for IG.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<caption id="2C97667FD513075AB685F0C9FB85D4B5" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/254983/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="464" targetBox="[241,1326,221,1933]" targetPageId="6">
|
||||
<paragraph id="785736F7D513075AB685F0C9FB85D4B5" blockId="6.[151,1436,1970,2023]" pageId="6" pageNumber="464">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D513075AB685F0C9FEE9D495" bold="true" box="[151,279,1970,1992]" pageId="6" pageNumber="464">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||||
Digital micrographs of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="BFE84D74D513075AB40FF0C8FCE8D49A" box="[541,790,1970,1992]" class="Arachnida" family="Eriophyidae" genus="Epitrimerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Prostigmata" pageId="6" pageNumber="464" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chaenomeli" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D513075AB40FF0C8FCE8D49A" box="[541,790,1970,1992]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="464">Epitrimerus chaenomeli</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="51AF579ED513075AB533F0C9FC9ED495" box="[801,864,1970,1991]" pageId="6" pageNumber="464" rank="species">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D513075AB533F0C9FC9ED495" bold="true" box="[801,864,1970,1991]" pageId="6" pageNumber="464">n. sp.</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
Protogyne female:
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D513075AB226F0C9FBB8D495" bold="true" box="[1076,1094,1970,1991]" pageId="6" pageNumber="464">A</emphasis>
|
||||
—Dorsal view;
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D513075AB2E0F0C9FAFDD495" bold="true" box="[1266,1283,1970,1991]" pageId="6" pageNumber="464">B</emphasis>
|
||||
‒Ventral view;
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D513075AB685F0AAFF57D4B5" bold="true" box="[151,169,2001,2023]" pageId="6" pageNumber="464">C</emphasis>
|
||||
‒Lateral anterior region;
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D513075AB7B5F0AAFE47D4B4" bold="true" box="[423,441,2001,2022]" pageId="6" pageNumber="464">D</emphasis>
|
||||
‒genital region of male. Scale bar: 50 µm for A, B & D; 25 µm for C.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<caption id="2C97667FD512075BB685F1ECFA8BD59E" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/254984/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="465" targetBox="[163,1419,182,1654]" targetPageId="7">
|
||||
<paragraph id="785736F7D512075BB685F1ECFA8BD59E" blockId="7.[151,1436,1687,1740]" pageId="7" pageNumber="465">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D512075BB685F1ECFEEFD5FE" bold="true" box="[151,273,1687,1709]" pageId="7" pageNumber="465">FIGURE 3</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="BFE84D74D512075BB733F1E2FDE7D5FF" box="[289,537,1687,1710]" class="Arachnida" family="Eriophyidae" genus="Epitrimerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Prostigmata" pageId="7" pageNumber="465" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chaenomeli" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D512075BB733F1E2FDE7D5FF" box="[289,537,1687,1710]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="465">Epitrimerus chaenomeli</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="51AF579ED512075BB436F1E3FD9FD5FF" box="[548,609,1688,1709]" pageId="7" pageNumber="465" rank="species">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D512075BB436F1E3FD9FD5FF" bold="true" box="[548,609,1688,1709]" pageId="7" pageNumber="465">n. sp.</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
Deutogyne female:
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D512075BB529F1E3FCB3D5FF" bold="true" box="[827,845,1688,1709]" pageId="7" pageNumber="465">D</emphasis>
|
||||
—Dorsal mite; IG—Internal genitalia; CG—Coxigenital region;
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D512075BB6F7F1CEFEFBD59E" bold="true" box="[229,261,1717,1740]" pageId="7" pageNumber="465">SD</emphasis>
|
||||
—Lateral view of anterior region;
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D512075BB471F1CCFD7DD59E" bold="true" box="[611,643,1719,1740]" pageId="7" pageNumber="465">em</emphasis>
|
||||
—empodium (enlarged). Scale bar: 50 µm for D, CG & SD; 10 µm for IG.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="30F2657CD512075BB6D5F18FFBE7D45F" box="[199,1049,1780,1805]" pageId="7" pageNumber="465" type="etymology">
|
||||
<paragraph id="785736F7D512075BB6D5F18FFBE7D45F" blockId="7.[151,1436,1780,2021]" box="[199,1049,1780,1805]" pageId="7" pageNumber="465">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D512075BB6D5F18FFEB0D45F" bold="true" box="[199,334,1780,1805]" pageId="7" pageNumber="465">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||||
The specific name is derived from the Latin noun of host plant.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="30F2657CD5120756B6D5F06CFCFFD2A7" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="468" pageId="7" pageNumber="465" type="diagnosis">
|
||||
<paragraph id="785736F7D5120755B6D5F06CFB2BD412" blockId="7.[151,1436,1780,2021]" lastBlockId="9.[151,1436,1687,2037]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="467" pageId="7" pageNumber="465">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D512075BB6D5F06CFD86D462" bold="true" box="[199,632,1815,1840]" pageId="7" pageNumber="465">Differential diagnosis and remarks.</emphasis>
|
||||
Currently there are seven
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="BFE84D74D512075BB5A1F063FBC6D47D" box="[947,1080,1816,1839]" class="Arachnida" family="Eriophyidae" genus="Epitrimerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Prostigmata" pageId="7" pageNumber="465" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D512075BB5A1F063FBC6D47D" box="[947,1080,1816,1839]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="465">Epitrimerus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
species with 4-rayed empodia which are known to inhabit rosaceous plants:
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="BFE84D74D512075BB4C9F046FBDFD407" authority="Keifer, 1959" authorityName="Keifer" authorityYear="1959" box="[731,1057,1852,1877]" class="Arachnida" family="Eriophyidae" genus="Epitrimerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Prostigmata" pageId="7" pageNumber="465" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="virginiana">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D512075BB4C9F046FC86D406" box="[731,888,1853,1876]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="465">E. virginiana</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="1C794B06D512075BB59AF047FBDFD407" author="Keifer" box="[904,1057,1852,1877]" pageId="7" pageNumber="465" refString="Keifer, H. H. (1959) New eriophyid mites. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 52, 649 - 657. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / 52.6.649" type="journal article" year="1959">Keifer, 1959</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="BFE84D74D512075BB224F046FA91D407" authority="Keifer, 1959" authorityName="Keifer" authorityYear="1959" box="[1078,1391,1852,1877]" class="Arachnida" family="Eriophyidae" genus="Epitrimerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Prostigmata" pageId="7" pageNumber="465" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="demissae">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D512075BB224F046FB38D406" box="[1078,1222,1852,1876]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="465">E. demissae</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="1C794B06D512075BB2C4F047FA91D407" author="Keifer" box="[1238,1391,1852,1877]" pageId="7" pageNumber="465" refString="Keifer, H. H. (1959) New eriophyid mites. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 52, 649 - 657. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / 52.6.649" type="journal article" year="1959">Keifer, 1959</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="BFE84D74D512075BB396F046FE43D42A" authority="Styer, 1975" authorityName="Styer" authorityYear="1975" class="Arachnida" family="Eriophyidae" genus="Epitrimerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Prostigmata" pageId="7" pageNumber="465" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crataegifolius">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D512075BB396F046FECDD42A" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="465">E. crataegifolius</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="1C794B06D512075BB728F01BFE43D42A" author="Styer" box="[314,445,1887,1912]" pageId="7" pageNumber="465" refString="Styer, W. E. (1975) New species of Eriophyid Mites (Acari: Eriophyoidea) from Ohio. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 68 (5), 837 - 841. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / 68.5.833" type="journal article" year="1975">Styer, 1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="BFE84D74D512075BB7DAF01AFD39D42A" authority="Keifer, 1966" authorityName="Keifer" authorityYear="1966" box="[456,711,1887,1912]" class="Arachnida" family="Eriophyidae" genus="Epitrimerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Prostigmata" pageId="7" pageNumber="465" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chilesi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D512075BB7DAF01AFDCED42A" box="[456,560,1888,1912]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="465">E. chilesi</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="1C794B06D512075BB42AF024FD39D42A" author="Keifer" box="[568,711,1887,1912]" pageId="7" pageNumber="465" refString="Keifer, H. H. (1966) Eriophyid Studies B- 19. Bulletin of the California Department of Agriculture, 29, 223 - 239." type="journal article" year="1966">Keifer, 1966</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="BFE84D74D512075BB4C1F01AFBBBD42A" authority="Bagdasarian, 1967" authorityName="Bagdasarian" authorityYear="1967" box="[723,1093,1887,1912]" class="Arachnida" family="Eriophyidae" genus="Epitrimerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Prostigmata" pageId="7" pageNumber="465" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="herhericus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D512075BB4C1F01AFC94D42A" box="[723,874,1888,1912]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="465">E. herhericus</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="1C794B06D512075BB563F024FBBBD42A" author="Bagdasarian" box="[881,1093,1887,1912]" pageId="7" pageNumber="465" refString="Bagdasarian, A. T. (1967) [Four-legged mites of the pome fruits of Armenia (Acarina: Eriophyidae)]. Biologicheskii Zhurnal Armenii, 20, 76 - 78. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1967">Bagdasarian, 1967</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="BFE84D74D512075BB242F01AFA92D42A" authority="Keifer, 1938" authorityName="Keifer" authorityYear="1938" box="[1104,1388,1887,1912]" class="Arachnida" family="Eriophyidae" genus="Epitrimerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Prostigmata" pageId="7" pageNumber="465" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pirifoliae">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D512075BB242F01AFB26D42A" box="[1104,1240,1888,1912]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="465">E. pirifoliae</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="1C794B06D512075BB2CDF024FA92D42A" author="Keifer" box="[1247,1388,1887,1912]" pageId="7" pageNumber="465" refString="Keifer, H. H (1938) Eriophyid Studies II. Bulletin of the California Department of Agriculture, 27, 309 - 310." type="journal article" year="1938">Keifer, 1938</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="BFE84D74D512075BB685F0FEFE4FD4CE" authority="Nalepa, 1891" authorityName="Nalepa" authorityYear="1891" box="[151,433,1924,1949]" class="Arachnida" family="Eriophyidae" genus="Epitrimerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Prostigmata" pageId="7" pageNumber="465" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pyri">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D512075BB685F0FEFF12D4CE" box="[151,236,1925,1948]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="465">E. pyri</emphasis>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="1C794B06D512075BB716F0FFFE56D4CE" author="Nalepa" box="[260,424,1924,1949]" pageId="7" pageNumber="465" refString="Nalepa, A. (1891) Genera und Species der Familie Phytoptida. Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-naturwissenschaftliche Classe, 58, 867 - 884." type="journal article" year="1891">Nalepa, 1891</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. When
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="BFE84D74D512075BB40AF0FEFD3FD4CE" box="[536,705,1924,1948]" class="Arachnida" family="Eriophyidae" genus="Epitrimerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Prostigmata" pageId="7" pageNumber="465" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chaenomeli" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D512075BB40AF0FEFD3FD4CE" box="[536,705,1924,1948]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="465">E. chaenomeli</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="51AF579ED512075BB4C3F0FFFCE7D4CF" box="[721,793,1924,1949]" pageId="7" pageNumber="465" rank="species">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D512075BB4C3F0FFFCE7D4CF" bold="true" box="[721,793,1924,1949]" pageId="7" pageNumber="465">n. sp.</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
is compared to the descriptions, line drawings and measurements of the above species, it has many similarities with
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="BFE84D74D512075BB56FF0D2FBEFD4ED" box="[893,1041,1960,1984]" class="Arachnida" family="Eriophyidae" genus="Epitrimerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Prostigmata" pageId="7" pageNumber="465" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="virginiana">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D512075BB56FF0D2FBEFD4ED" box="[893,1041,1960,1984]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="465">E. virginiana</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, which was collected from
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="BFE84D74D512075BB359F0D2FEF5D4B6" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Prunus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="7" pageNumber="465" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="virginiana">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D512075BB359F0D2FEF5D4B6" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="465">Prunus virginiana</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. In both species the pattern on the prodorsal shield is created by granules and lines, the median line is present in the rear fifth of the shield and joined to the admedians by a dart-shaped mark, the admedian lines begin at the front edge of the prodorsal shield and run along the whole length of the shield, and on the anterior part of the shield they are subparallel and then diverge towards the rear, forming one longitudinal cell along the centre of the shield. On the prodorsal shield of both
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="BFE84D74D51C0755B45DF07EFD1CD44E" box="[591,738,1797,1820]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Prunus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="9" pageNumber="467" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="virginiana">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D51C0755B45DF07EFD1CD44E" box="[591,738,1797,1820]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="467">E. virginiana</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="BFE84D74D51C0755B50BF07EFC44D44E" box="[793,954,1796,1820]" class="Arachnida" family="Eriophyidae" genus="Epitrimerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Prostigmata" pageId="9" pageNumber="467" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chaenomeli" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D51C0755B50BF07EFC44D44E" box="[793,954,1796,1820]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="467">E. chaenomeli</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="51AF579ED51C0755B5D3F07FFBFED44F" box="[961,1024,1796,1821]" pageId="9" pageNumber="467" rank="species">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D51C0755B5D3F07FFBFED44F" bold="true" box="[961,1024,1796,1821]" pageId="9" pageNumber="467">n. sp.</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
the admedian and submedian lines I are connected by two transverse lines forming three pairs of cells in the central part of the shield.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="2C97667FD51D0754B685F0D2FC1CD48F" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/254985/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="466" targetBox="[273,1303,193,1915]" targetPageId="8">
|
||||
<paragraph id="785736F7D51D0754B685F0D2FC1CD48F" blockId="8.[151,1436,1961,2013]" pageId="8" pageNumber="466">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D51D0754B685F0D2FEF3D4EC" bold="true" box="[151,269,1961,1983]" pageId="8" pageNumber="466">FIGURE 4</emphasis>
|
||||
. Digital micrographs of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="BFE84D74D51D0754B41BF0D1FD00D4ED" box="[521,766,1961,1983]" class="Arachnida" family="Eriophyidae" genus="Epitrimerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Prostigmata" pageId="8" pageNumber="466" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chaenomeli" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D51D0754B41BF0D1FD00D4ED" box="[521,766,1961,1983]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="466">Epitrimerus chaenomeli</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="51AF579ED51D0754B516F0D2FCC1D4EC" box="[772,831,1961,1982]" pageId="8" pageNumber="466" rank="species">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D51D0754B516F0D2FCC1D4EC" bold="true" box="[772,831,1961,1982]" pageId="8" pageNumber="466">n. sp.</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
Deutogyne female:
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D51D0754B21CF0D2FBDED4EC" bold="true" box="[1038,1056,1961,1982]" pageId="8" pageNumber="466">A</emphasis>
|
||||
—Dorsal view;
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D51D0754B2D6F0D2FB2BD4EC" bold="true" box="[1220,1237,1961,1982]" pageId="8" pageNumber="466">B</emphasis>
|
||||
‒Ventral view;
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D51D0754B362F0D2FA7CD4ED" bold="true" box="[1392,1410,1961,1983]" pageId="8" pageNumber="466">C</emphasis>
|
||||
— Internal female genitalia;
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D51D0754B78EF0B3FE50D48F" bold="true" box="[412,430,1992,2013]" pageId="8" pageNumber="466">D</emphasis>
|
||||
—Legs. Scale bar: 50 µm for A & B, 25 µm for C & D.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<caption id="2C97667FD51C0755B685F14DFF11D539" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/254986/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="467" targetBox="[151,1436,193,1568]" targetPageId="9">
|
||||
<paragraph id="785736F7D51C0755B685F14DFF11D539" blockId="9.[151,1435,1590,1643]" pageId="9" pageNumber="467">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D51C0755B685F14DFEECD51E" bold="true" box="[151,274,1590,1612]" pageId="9" pageNumber="467">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
|
||||
Digital micrographs of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="BFE84D74D51C0755B414F143FD04D51E" box="[518,762,1590,1613]" class="Arachnida" family="Eriophyidae" genus="Epitrimerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Prostigmata" pageId="9" pageNumber="467" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chaenomeli" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D51C0755B414F143FD04D51E" box="[518,762,1590,1613]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="467">Epitrimerus chaenomeli</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="51AF579ED51C0755B512F14CFCC7D51E" box="[768,825,1591,1612]" pageId="9" pageNumber="467" rank="species">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D51C0755B512F14CFCC7D51E" bold="true" box="[768,825,1591,1612]" pageId="9" pageNumber="467">n. sp.</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
Nymph:
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D51C0755B58BF14DFC55D519" bold="true" box="[921,939,1590,1611]" pageId="9" pageNumber="467">A</emphasis>
|
||||
—Dorsal view;
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D51C0755B25FF14CFBA0D51E" bold="true" box="[1101,1118,1591,1612]" pageId="9" pageNumber="467">B</emphasis>
|
||||
‒Ventral view. Scale bar 50 µm for both.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph id="785736F7D51C0755B6D5F036FA62D4A6" blockId="9.[151,1436,1687,2037]" pageId="9" pageNumber="467">
|
||||
However the newly described species differs from
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="BFE84D74D51C0755B51EF036FC64D436" box="[780,922,1869,1892]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Prunus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="9" pageNumber="467" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="virginiana">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D51C0755B51EF036FC64D436" box="[780,922,1869,1892]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="467">E virginiana</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
by the shape of frontal lobe of the prodorsal shield, which is rounded, whereas in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="BFE84D74D51C0755B450F00AFCD9D4DA" authority="Keifer" authorityName="Keifer" box="[578,807,1903,1928]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Prunus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="9" pageNumber="467" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="virginiana">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D51C0755B450F00AFD29D4D5" box="[578,727,1904,1928]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="467">E. virginiana</emphasis>
|
||||
Keifer
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
it is sharp. This new species can also be differentiated from
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="BFE84D74D51C0755B6C6F0EEFE96D4FE" box="[212,360,1941,1964]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Prunus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="9" pageNumber="467" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="virginiana">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D51C0755B6C6F0EEFE96D4FE" box="[212,360,1941,1964]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="467">E. virginiana</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
by the ornamentation of the prodorsal shield. The prodorsal shield of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="BFE84D74D51C0755B26EF0EEFAE3D4FE" box="[1148,1309,1940,1964]" class="Arachnida" family="Eriophyidae" genus="Epitrimerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Prostigmata" pageId="9" pageNumber="467" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chaenomeli">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D51C0755B26EF0EEFAE3D4FE" box="[1148,1309,1940,1964]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="467">E. chaenomeli</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
shows two pairs of cells in the anterior prodorsal shield, whereas in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="BFE84D74D51C0755B51DF0C2FC5CD49D" box="[783,930,1976,2000]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Prunus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="9" pageNumber="467" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="virginiana">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D51C0755B51DF0C2FC5CD49D" box="[783,930,1976,2000]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="467">E. virginiana</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
only one pair of anterior cells is present. The submedian lines I in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="BFE84D74D51C0755B786F0A6FDC7D4A6" box="[404,569,2012,2036]" class="Arachnida" family="Eriophyidae" genus="Epitrimerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Prostigmata" pageId="9" pageNumber="467" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chaenomeli" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D51C0755B786F0A6FDC7D4A6" box="[404,569,2012,2036]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="467">E. chaenomeli</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="51AF579ED51C0755B457F0A7FD76D4A7" box="[581,648,2012,2037]" pageId="9" pageNumber="467" rank="species">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D51C0755B457F0A7FD76D4A7" bold="true" box="[581,648,2012,2037]" pageId="9" pageNumber="467">n. sp.</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
run almost directly back between the dorsal tubercles while in
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D51C0755B396F0A6FA62D4A6" box="[1412,1436,2013,2036]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="467">E.</emphasis>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="785736F7D51F0756B685F7E3FCFFD2A7" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,501]" pageId="10" pageNumber="468">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="BFE84D74D51F0756B685F7E3FEF5D3FD" box="[151,267,152,175]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Prunus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="10" pageNumber="468" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="virginiana">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D51F0756B685F7E3FEF5D3FD" box="[151,267,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="468">virginiana</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
the submedian lines I run outside of the dorsal tubercles. Apart from the above differences, the two species can also be distinguished by the presence of submedian line II, which
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="BFE84D74D51F0756B20EF7C6FB4FD386" box="[1052,1201,189,212]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Prunus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="10" pageNumber="468" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="virginiana">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D51F0756B20EF7C6FB4FD386" box="[1052,1201,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="468">E. virginiana</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
lacks. Also the new species has a network of five distinct cells, clearly visible on each side of the prodorsal shield, in contrast to
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="BFE84D74D51F0756B396F79AFEF5D24E" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Prunus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="10" pageNumber="468" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="virginiana">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D51F0756B396F79AFEF5D24E" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="468">E. virginiana</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, which has seven cells. Also, in the new species, coxal plates I have longitudinal lines and dashes, and coxal plates II have a few short transverse lines while in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="BFE84D74D51F0756B502F652FC5DD26D" box="[784,931,296,320]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Prunus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="10" pageNumber="468" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="virginiana">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D51F0756B502F652FC5DD26D" box="[784,931,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="468">E. virginiana</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, coxal plates I and II are lined with granules. Additionally, setae
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D51F0756B763F637FE75D236" box="[369,395,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="468">c2</emphasis>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D51F0756B788F637FE56D236" box="[410,424,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="468">d</emphasis>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D51F0756B7A4F636FE3CD236" box="[438,450,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="468">e</emphasis>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D51F0756B7E8F637FDE8D236" box="[506,534,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="468">3a</emphasis>
|
||||
of the new species are longer than in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="BFE84D74D51F0756B5D1F636FBA9D236" box="[963,1111,333,356]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Prunus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="10" pageNumber="468" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="virginiana">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D51F0756B5D1F636FBA9D236" box="[963,1111,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="468">E. virginiana</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
; seta
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D51F0756B28BF637FB4DD236" box="[1177,1203,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="468">c2</emphasis>
|
||||
is 24‒30 µm in new species
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D51F0756B6E2F60AFEF9D2DA" box="[240,263,369,392]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="468">vs</emphasis>
|
||||
20 µm in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="BFE84D74D51F0756B76DF60AFDEDD2D5" box="[383,531,368,392]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Prunus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="10" pageNumber="468" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="virginiana">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D51F0756B76DF60AFDEDD2D5" box="[383,531,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="468">E. virginiana</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
; first ventral seta (
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D51F0756B4F9F60BFD07D2DA" box="[747,761,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="468">d</emphasis>
|
||||
) 37‒62 µm in new species
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D51F0756B226F60AFBB5D2DA" box="[1076,1099,369,392]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="468">vs</emphasis>
|
||||
20 µm in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="BFE84D74D51F0756B2D1F60AFAA6D2D5" box="[1219,1368,368,392]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Prunus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="10" pageNumber="468" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="virginiana">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D51F0756B2D1F60AFAA6D2D5" box="[1219,1368,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="468">E. virginiana</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
; third ventral seta (
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D51F0756B73BF6EEFECBD2FE" box="[297,309,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="468">e</emphasis>
|
||||
) 23‒38 µm in new species
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D51F0756B47CF6EEFD7BD2FE" box="[622,645,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="468">vs</emphasis>
|
||||
18 µm in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="BFE84D74D51F0756B4EEF6EEFC6ED2FE" box="[764,912,405,428]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Prunus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="10" pageNumber="468" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="virginiana">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D51F0756B4EEF6EEFC6ED2FE" box="[764,912,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="468">E. virginiana</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
; genital seta (
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D51F0756B222F6EFFBB5D2FE" box="[1072,1099,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="468">3a</emphasis>
|
||||
) 30‒38 µm in new species
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D51F0756B396F6EEFA65D2FE" box="[1412,1435,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="468">vs</emphasis>
|
||||
20 µm in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="BFE84D74D51F0756B711F6C2FE68D29D" box="[259,406,440,464]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Prunus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="10" pageNumber="468" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="virginiana">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D51F0756B711F6C2FE68D29D" box="[259,406,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="468">E. virginiana</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. Both protogyne and deutogyne females of the new species have 4-rayed empodia, however deutogynes of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="BFE84D74D51F0756B72EF6A6FE31D2A6" box="[316,463,477,500]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Prunus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="10" pageNumber="468" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="virginiana">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4A9CEAE5D51F0756B72EF6A6FE31D2A6" box="[316,463,477,500]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="468">E. virginiana</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
have a 5-rayed empodium.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
112
data/F0/41/A7/F041A72A379C513FB7F6B1EAAC4B048D.xml
Normal file
112
data/F0/41/A7/F041A72A379C513FB7F6B1EAAC4B048D.xml
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
|
|||
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.666.9191" ID-PMC="PMC5534527" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-666-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="C43EEB41A94B930FFE439D1FAD29FF9C" ID-PubMed="28769631" ID-Zenodo-Dep="579453" ID-ZooBank="B3C377E8BBB14F328AECA2C22D1E625A" ModsDocID="1313-2970-666-1" checkinTime="1491551283800" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Moore, Matthew R., Jameson, Mary L., Garner, Beulah H., Audibert, Cedric, Smith, Andrew B. T. & Seidel, Matthias" docDate="2017" docId="F041A72A379C513FB7F6B1EAAC4B048D" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 666: 1-349" docOrigin="ZooKeys 666" docPubDate="2017-04-06" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.666.9191" docTitle="Mecopelidnota bondili in litt.; Unavailable, invalid name" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" id="C43EEB41A94B930FFE439D1FAD29FF9C" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="C43EEB41A94B930FFE439D1FAD29FF9C" masterDocTitle="Synopsis of the pelidnotine scarabs (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Rutelinae, Rutelini) and annotated catalog of the species and subspecies" masterLastPageNumber="349" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1668164364999" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||||
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:title>Synopsis of the pelidnotine scarabs (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Rutelinae, Rutelini) and annotated catalog of the species and subspecies</mods:title>
|
||||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart>Moore, Matthew R.</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation>Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida Building 1881 Natural Drive Area, Steinmetz Hall, Box 110620, Gainesville, FL 32611 - 0620, USA</mods:affiliation>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart>Jameson, Mary L.</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation>Department of Biological Sciences, Wichita State University 1845 Fairmount, Box 26, Wichita, KS 67260 - 0026, USA</mods:affiliation>
|
||||
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">maryliz.jameson@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart>Garner, Beulah H.</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation>Natural History Museum, Insects Division, Department of Life Sciences, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, UK</mods:affiliation>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart>Audibert, Cedric</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation>Musee des Confluences, Centre de Conservation et d'Etude des Collections, 13 A Rue Bancel, F- 69007 Lyon, France</mods:affiliation>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart>Smith, Andrew B. T.</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation>Research Division, Canadian Museum of Nature, P. O. Box 3443, Station D, Ottawa, Ontario, K 1 P 6 P 4, Canada</mods:affiliation>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart>Seidel, Matthias</mods:namePart>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||||
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
|
||||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
|
||||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:part>
|
||||
<mods:date>2017</mods:date>
|
||||
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
|
||||
<mods:number>2017-04-06</mods:number>
|
||||
</mods:detail>
|
||||
<mods:detail type="volume">
|
||||
<mods:number>666</mods:number>
|
||||
</mods:detail>
|
||||
<mods:extent unit="page">
|
||||
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
|
||||
<mods:end>349</mods:end>
|
||||
</mods:extent>
|
||||
</mods:part>
|
||||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||||
<mods:location>
|
||||
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.666.9191</mods:url>
|
||||
</mods:location>
|
||||
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
|
||||
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.666.9191</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-666-1</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">B3C377E8BBB14F328AECA2C22D1E625A</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">C43EEB41A94B930FFE439D1FAD29FF9C</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">579453</mods:identifier>
|
||||
</mods:mods>
|
||||
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="182231127" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F041A72A379C513FB7F6B1EAAC4B048D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F041A72A379C513FB7F6B1EAAC4B048D" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName LSID="F041A72A-379C-513F-B7F6-B1EAAC4B048D" authority="in litt.; Unavailable, invalid name" authorityName="in litt.; Unavailable, invalid name" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Mecopelidnota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecopelidnota bondili" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bondili">Mecopelidnota bondili in litt.; Unavailable, invalid name</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="types">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Types.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
The following specimens are deposited at CCECL. 1 invalid ♂ paratype:
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Oña">"Ona</normalizedToken>
|
||||
, Equateur 2500m II/2001 M. SOULA det 19//Paratype
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Mecopelidnota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecopelidnota bondili" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bondili">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Mecopelidnota bondili</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Sou. 2007 Soula" (47031097)// Invalid paratype det. M. R. Moore
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘15”">'15"</normalizedToken>
|
||||
. Genitalia card-mounted (only apex of aedeagus) underneath the invalid male paratype. Box 4618691 SOULA.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||||
The name
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Mecopelidnota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecopelidnota bondili" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bondili">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Mecopelidnota bondili</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Soula has never been associated with a species description or holotype designation in the literature. This type specimen of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Mecopelidnota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecopelidnota bondili" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bondili">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Mecopelidnota bondili</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is thus invalid.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
473
data/F0/41/BF/F041BFEE64C7BFD6349E41C385F1A78F.xml
Normal file
473
data/F0/41/BF/F041BFEE64C7BFD6349E41C385F1A78F.xml
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,473 @@
|
|||
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||||
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:title>Taxonomy, morphology, masticatory function and phylogeny of heterodontosaurid dinosaurs</mods:title>
|
||||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
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<mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart>Sereno, Paul C.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
|
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
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</mods:titleInfo>
|
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<mods:part>
|
||||
<mods:date>2012</mods:date>
|
||||
<mods:detail type="volume">
|
||||
<mods:number>226</mods:number>
|
||||
</mods:detail>
|
||||
<mods:extent unit="page">
|
||||
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
|
||||
<mods:end>225</mods:end>
|
||||
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|
||||
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|
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|
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<mods:location>
|
||||
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.223.2840</mods:url>
|
||||
</mods:location>
|
||||
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
|
||||
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.223.2840</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-226-1</mods:identifier>
|
||||
</mods:mods>
|
||||
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152037231" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F041BFEE64C7BFD6349E41C385F1A78F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F041BFEE64C7BFD6349E41C385F1A78F" lastPageId="107" lastPageNumber="108" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="95" pageNumber="96" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
|
||||
<taxonomicName LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Lycorhinus_angustidens" authority="Haughton, 1924" authorityName="Haughton" authorityYear="1924" class="Reptilia" family="Heterodontosauridae" genus="Lycorhinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lycorhinus angustidens" order="Ornithischia" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="angustidens">Lycorhinus angustidens Haughton, 1924</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Figs 37380Tables 13
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="95" pageNumber="96" type="reference_group">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Heterodontosauridae" genus="Lycorhinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lycorhinus angustidens" order="Ornithischia" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="angustidens">Lycorhinus angustidens</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Haughton, 1924 -
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Thulborn, RA" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="164" pageNumber="165" pagination="235 - 245" title="The systematic position of the Triassic ornithischian dinosaur Lycorhinus angustidens." url="10.1111/j.1096-3642.1970.tb00739.x" volume="49" year="1970">Thulborn (1970</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, Figs 1-5);
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Gow, CE" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="161" pageNumber="162" pagination="335 - 339" title="A new heterodontosaurid from the Redbeds of South Africa showing clear evidence of tooth replacement." url="10.1111/j.1096-3642.1975.tb01895.x" volume="57" year="1975">Gow (1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, 336, Figs 1, 2, pl. 1);
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Hopson, JA" journalOrPublisher="South African Journal of Science" pageId="162" pageNumber="163" pagination="302 - 305" title="On the generic separation of the ornithischian Lycorhinus and Heterodontosaurus from the Stormberg Series (Upper Triassic) of South Africa." volume="71" year="1975">Hopson (1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, Figs 1, 2, 3a, b, e);
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Hopson, JA" journalOrPublisher="Lethaia" pageId="162" pageNumber="163" pagination="93 - 105" title="Tooth function and replacement in early Mesozoic ornithischian dinosaurs: implications for aestivation." url="10.1111/j.1502-3931.1980.tb01035.x" volume="13" year="1980">Hopson (1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, Figs 2, 3);
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Weishampel, DB" journalOrPublisher="Advances in Anatomy and Cell Biology" pageId="164" pageNumber="165" pagination="1 - 109" title="Evolution of jaw mechanisms in ornithopod dinosaurs." url="10.1007/978-3-642-69533-9_1" volume="87" year="1984">Weishampel (1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, fig. 12a, b);
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Gow, CE" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the South African Museum" pageId="161" pageNumber="162" pagination="367 - 380" title="A tooth-bearing maxilla referable to Lycorhinus angustidens Haughton, 1924 (Dinosauria, Ornithischia)." volume="99" year="1990">Gow (1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, Figs 1-7);
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Porro, LB" journalOrPublisher="Earth and Environmental Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh" pageId="163" pageNumber="164" pagination="351 - 366" title="New heterodontosaurids specimens from the Lower Jurassic of southern Africa and the early ornithischian dinosaur radiation." url="10.1017/S175569101102010X" volume="101" year="2011">Porro et al. (2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, Figs 4-6);
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Norman, DB" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="162" pageNumber="163" pagination="182 - 279" title="The Lower Jurassic ornithischian dinosaur Heterodontosaurus tucki Crompton and Charig 1962: cranial anatomy, functional morphology, taxonomy, and relationships." volume="162" year="2011">Norman et al. (2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, Figs 37B, 38, 39C)
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Heterodontosauridae" genus="Lanasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lanasaurus scalpridens" order="Ornithischia" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scalpridens">= Lanasaurus scalpridens</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Gow, CE" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="161" pageNumber="162" pagination="335 - 339" title="A new heterodontosaurid from the Redbeds of South Africa showing clear evidence of tooth replacement." url="10.1111/j.1096-3642.1975.tb01895.x" volume="57" year="1975">Gow 1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="95" pageNumber="96" type="holotype">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Holotype.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="95" pageNumber="96">SAM-PK-K3606, left dentary with 11 teeth (preserved mostly as a natural mold; UCRC PVC10 was cast from the natural mold; Fig. 3D)</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="95" pageNumber="96" type="referred material">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Referred material.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
|
||||
NHMUK RU A100 (formerly BMNH A100), partial skull preserving the right premaxilla, right nasal, right maxilla, the posterior two-thirds of the right lower jaw, and the anterior third of the left lower jaw; BP/1/4244, left maxilla with 12 teeth (holotype
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Heterodontosauridae" genus="Lanasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lanasaurus scalpridens" order="Ornithischia" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scalpridens">Lanasaurus scalpridens</taxonomicName>
|
||||
); BP/1/5253, left maxilla with 15 teeth.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="95" pageNumber="96" type="type locality">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Type locality.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
|
||||
Paballong, near Mount Fletcher, Transkei (Herschel) District, Cape Province, South Africa;
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-30.433332">S30°26'</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="28.516666">E28°31'</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Kitching, JW" journalOrPublisher="Palaeontologia africana" pageId="162" pageNumber="163" pagination="111 - 125" title="Fossils from the Elliot and Clarens Formations (Karoo Sequence) of the northeastern Cape, Orange Free State and Lesotho, and a suggested biozonation based on tetrapods." volume="25" year="1984">Kitching and Raath 1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
) (Fig. 1B).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="95" pageNumber="96" type="horizon">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Horizon.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
|
||||
Upper Elliot Formation; Lower Jurassic, Hettangian, ca. 200-196 Ma (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Thulborn, RA" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="164" pageNumber="165" pagination="235 - 245" title="The systematic position of the Triassic ornithischian dinosaur Lycorhinus angustidens." url="10.1111/j.1096-3642.1970.tb00739.x" volume="49" year="1970">Thulborn 1970</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Gow, CE" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the South African Museum" pageId="161" pageNumber="162" pagination="367 - 380" title="A tooth-bearing maxilla referable to Lycorhinus angustidens Haughton, 1924 (Dinosauria, Ornithischia)." volume="99" year="1990">Gow 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Knoll, F" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin de la Societe geologique de France" pageId="162" pageNumber="163" pagination="81 - 91" title="The tetrapod fauna of the Upper Elliot and Clarens formations in the main Karoo Basin (South Africa and Lesotho)." url="10.2113/176.1.81" volume="176" year="2005">Knoll 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Gradstein and Ogg 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="95" pageNumber="96" type="revised diagnosis">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Revised diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Heterodontosaurid ornithischian characterized by the following two autapomorphies: (1) prominent ridge on the distal crown margin running from the first denticle to the cingulum (labial aspect of maxillary crowns, lingual aspect of dentary crowns); (2) lingually curved maxillary and dentary tooth rows.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="95" pageNumber="96" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Description.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
|
||||
The validity of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Heterodontosauridae" genus="Lycorhinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lycorhinus angustidens" order="Ornithischia" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="angustidens">Lycorhinus angustidens</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and referral of an important partial skull (NHMUK RU A100;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Thulborn, RA" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="164" pageNumber="165" pagination="235 - 245" title="The systematic position of the Triassic ornithischian dinosaur Lycorhinus angustidens." url="10.1111/j.1096-3642.1970.tb00739.x" volume="49" year="1970">Thulborn 1970</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
) have been at the center of debate between several authors (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Thulborn, RA" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="164" pageNumber="165" pagination="151 - 175" title="A new heterodontosaurid dinosaur (Reptilia: Ornithischia) from the Upper Triassic Red Beds of Lesotho." url="10.1111/j.1096-3642.1974.tb01591.x" volume="55" year="1974">Thulborn 1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Charig, AJ" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the South African Museum" pageId="161" pageNumber="162" pagination="167 - 189" title="The alleged synonymy of Lycorhinus and Heterodontosaurus." volume="64" year="1974">Charig and Crompton 1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Hopson, JA" journalOrPublisher="South African Journal of Science" pageId="162" pageNumber="163" pagination="302 - 305" title="On the generic separation of the ornithischian Lycorhinus and Heterodontosaurus from the Stormberg Series (Upper Triassic) of South Africa." volume="71" year="1975">Hopson 1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Gow, CE" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="161" pageNumber="162" pagination="335 - 339" title="A new heterodontosaurid from the Redbeds of South Africa showing clear evidence of tooth replacement." url="10.1111/j.1096-3642.1975.tb01895.x" volume="57" year="1975">Gow 1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Gow, CE" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the South African Museum" pageId="161" pageNumber="162" pagination="367 - 380" title="A tooth-bearing maxilla referable to Lycorhinus angustidens Haughton, 1924 (Dinosauria, Ornithischia)." volume="99" year="1990">1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). In the course of this argument, the holotype of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Heterodontosauridae" genus="Lycorhinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lycorhinus angustidens" order="Ornithischia" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="angustidens">Lycorhinus angustidens</taxonomicName>
|
||||
has been described in detail (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Hopson, JA" journalOrPublisher="South African Journal of Science" pageId="162" pageNumber="163" pagination="302 - 305" title="On the generic separation of the ornithischian Lycorhinus and Heterodontosaurus from the Stormberg Series (Upper Triassic) of South Africa." volume="71" year="1975">Hopson 1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Gow, CE" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the South African Museum" pageId="161" pageNumber="162" pagination="367 - 380" title="A tooth-bearing maxilla referable to Lycorhinus angustidens Haughton, 1924 (Dinosauria, Ornithischia)." volume="99" year="1990">Gow 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). The same cannot be said for the partially disarticulated skull of NHMUK RU A100. Several misidentifications in
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Thulborn’s">Thulborn's</normalizedToken>
|
||||
original description have gone unnoticed. Proper referral of this specimen is critical, as the holotype for
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Heterodontosauridae" genus="Lycorhinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lycorhinus angustidens" order="Ornithischia" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="angustidens">Lycorhinus angustidens</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is limited to a single dentary that now is preserved largely as an impression (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Hopson, JA" journalOrPublisher="South African Journal of Science" pageId="162" pageNumber="163" pagination="302 - 305" title="On the generic separation of the ornithischian Lycorhinus and Heterodontosaurus from the Stormberg Series (Upper Triassic) of South Africa." volume="71" year="1975">Hopson 1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Gow, CE" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the South African Museum" pageId="161" pageNumber="162" pagination="367 - 380" title="A tooth-bearing maxilla referable to Lycorhinus angustidens Haughton, 1924 (Dinosauria, Ornithischia)." volume="99" year="1990">Gow 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
; Fig 3). Here I describe the partial skull NHMUK RU A100 and later discuss the history and resolution of the taxonomy of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Heterodontosauridae" genus="Lycorhinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lycorhinus" order="Ornithischia" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Lycorhinus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(see Discussion, Taxonomy of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Heterodontosauridae" genus="Lycorhinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lycorhinus" order="Ornithischia" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Lycorhinus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection lastPageId="99" lastPageNumber="100" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" type="specimen map">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Specimen map.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph lastPageId="96" lastPageNumber="97" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
|
||||
The NHMUK RU A100 is preserved on a single block of matrix with bone exposed on both sides. In its current state of preparation, the block preserves the right premaxilla (medial view), right maxilla (lateral view), anterior end of the left lower jaw (medial view), and mid and posterior parts of the right lower jaw (partial medial and lateral views) (Figs 73, 74).
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Thulborn, RA" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="164" pageNumber="165" pagination="235 - 245" title="The systematic position of the Triassic ornithischian dinosaur Lycorhinus angustidens." url="10.1111/j.1096-3642.1970.tb00739.x" volume="49" year="1970">Thulborn (1970)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
misidentified a portion of the right maxilla as part of a nasal, the right lower jaw as a partial cranium, and the anterior end of the left lower jaw (medial view) as the end of the right lower jaw (lateral
|
||||
<pageBreakToken pageId="96" pageNumber="97" start="start">view</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
) (Fig. 4). First I provide evidence for identification of these bones as shown here (Figs 73, 74).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph lastPageId="97" lastPageNumber="98" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
|
||||
A flat broad bone next the right maxilla is here tentatively identified as the posterodorsal ramus of the maxilla, preserved near its natural position relative to the remainder of the bone (Figs 75, 77B). It is difficult to envision this platelike bone as the nasal as identified by Thulborn (Fig. 4), as it is very broad (especially for a heterodontosaurid), lacks a median suture, and shows a fluted surface posteriorly that is difficult to understand as an articular surface for the frontal. The posterodorsal ramus of the maxilla is very broad as preserved in NHMUK RU A100 and BP/1/4244 (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Gow, CE" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="161" pageNumber="162" pagination="335 - 339" title="A new heterodontosaurid from the Redbeds of South Africa showing clear evidence of tooth replacement." url="10.1111/j.1096-3642.1975.tb01895.x" volume="57" year="1975">Gow 1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). Most of the surface is devoted to the antorbital fossa, which in heterodontosaurids approaches the nasal suture. The relatively flat bone piece in question, however, does not have any external rim between the surface of the fossa and the edge in contact with the nasal. As a result I tentatively identify the bone as a continuation
|
||||
<pageBreakToken pageId="97" pageNumber="98" start="start">of</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
the maxilla, although it was not included in the skull reconstruction (Fig. 80). The identity of the bone could be determined with more confidence after further preparation of the specimen.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="97" pageNumber="98">
|
||||
The left lower jaw (Figs 73, 74) preserves the anterior portion of the splenial broadly overlapping the medial aspect of the dentary, a raised dentary symphysis, and anteromedially canted crowns that are exposed in medial view. Despite the assertion that no crowns are worn (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Thulborn, RA" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="164" pageNumber="165" pagination="235 - 245" title="The systematic position of the Triassic ornithischian dinosaur Lycorhinus angustidens." url="10.1111/j.1096-3642.1970.tb00739.x" volume="49" year="1970">Thulborn 1970</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 240), almost all of the preserved left dentary crowns are truncated by prolonged tooth-to-tooth abrasion. Only the truncated apical edge on some of the anterior dentary crowns is visible, however, because the left dentary teeth are exposed in medial view (Fig. 74). The axis of each exposed left dentary tooth is medially convex with thicker, orange-tinted enamel as is typical of the medial side of dentary crowns. The last preserved left dentary tooth, which is exposed on the other side of the block, preserves a broad, low-angle, wear facet on the lateral side of the crown (Fig. 73).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph lastPageId="99" lastPageNumber="100" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">
|
||||
<pageBreakToken pageId="98" pageNumber="99" start="start">The</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
more complete right lower jaw is also exposed on both sides of the block (Figs 73, 74). On one side of the block, the right lower jaw is broadly exposed in lateral view (Fig. 74). Many observations support the identification of these bones as the right lower jaw rather than a partial cranium in dorsal view as suggested by Thulborn (Fig. 4). The buccal emargination is on the lateral aspect of the dentary (previously identified as a left frontal), there are sutures typical of that between the surangular, angular and dentary, a strong surangular ridge is present (previously considered part of the left jugal), and an external mandibular fossa is present as in
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Heterodontosauridae" genus="Heterodontosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heterodontosaurus" order="Ornithischia" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Heterodontosaurus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(pr
|
||||
<pageBreakToken pageId="99" pageNumber="100" start="start">eviously</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
identified as the laterotemporal fenestra). Finally, although the anterior end of the right lower jaw is embedded in matrix, the enlarged dentary caniniform tooth passes through to the opposite side of the block, its tip emerging near the right maxilla (Figs 73, 74). The description of the frontal, postorbital and jugal by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Thulborn, RA" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="164" pageNumber="165" pagination="235 - 245" title="The systematic position of the Triassic ornithischian dinosaur Lycorhinus angustidens." url="10.1111/j.1096-3642.1970.tb00739.x" volume="49" year="1970">Thulborn (1970)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
and remarks concerning the postorbital-jugal suture by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Weishampel, DB" journalOrPublisher="Advances in Anatomy and Cell Biology" pageId="164" pageNumber="165" pagination="1 - 109" title="Evolution of jaw mechanisms in ornithopod dinosaurs." url="10.1007/978-3-642-69533-9_1" volume="87" year="1984">Weishampel (1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 44), thus, were based on the right lower jaw of NHMUK RU A100.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="99" pageNumber="100">With the identifications proposed here, there is no reason to doubt that NHMUK RU A100 represents a single, probably adult individual with worn upper and lower cheek of similar form, worn premaxillary teeth, and large upper and lower caniniform teeth. The specimen preserves the right side of the snout and lower jaw and a matching anterior portion of the left lower jaw. This important specimen, the salient features of which are outlined below, should be fully prepared and described in more detail.</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption pageId="99" pageNumber="100">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="99" pageNumber="100">
|
||||
Figure 73. Block with remains of the heterodontosaurid
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Heterodontosauridae" genus="Lycorhinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lycorhinus angustidens" order="Ornithischia" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="angustidens">Lycorhinus angustidens</taxonomicName>
|
||||
from the Lower Jurassic Upper Elliot Formation of South Africa. Top view of block showing the right premaxilla and maxilla and portions of the right and left lower jaws (NHMUK RU A100). Hatching indicates broken bone; dashed lines indicate estimated edges; grey tone indicates matrix; pink tone indicates wear facets. Scale bar equals 3 cm. Abbreviations: c coronoid d dentary d2 dentary tooth 2 l left m maxilla pc pulp cavity pm premaxilla r right sa surangular wf wear facet wfpd wear facet from predentary bill wt worn teeth.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<caption pageId="99" pageNumber="100">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="99" pageNumber="100">
|
||||
Figure 74. Block with remains of the heterodontosaurid
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Heterodontosauridae" genus="Lycorhinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lycorhinus angustidens" order="Ornithischia" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="angustidens">Lycorhinus angustidens</taxonomicName>
|
||||
from the Lower Jurassic Upper Elliot Formation of South Africa. Bottom view of block (NHMUK RU A100) showing portions of the right and left lower jaws. Hatching indicates broken bone; dashed lines indicate estimated edges; tone indicates matrix. Scale bar equals 3 cm. Abbreviations: a angular d dentary d1, 2 dentary tooth 1, 2 emfo external mandibular fossa imf internal mandibular fenestra l left r right sa surangular sp splenial sym symphysis.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="99" pageNumber="100" type="premaxilla">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Premaxilla.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="99" pageNumber="100">
|
||||
The right premaxilla is preserved in ventromedial view, exposing the median articular surface for the left premaxilla and the palatal shelf medial to the premaxillary teeth (Figs 73, 75, 76). The internarial and posterolateral processes are broken, the former very narrow and the latter quite broad as in
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Heterodontosauridae" genus="Abrictosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Abrictosaurus" order="Ornithischia" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Abrictosaurus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Heterodontosauridae" genus="Heterodontosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heterodontosaurus" order="Ornithischia" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Heterodontosaurus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. The only lateral exposure of the premaxilla occurs along its posterior margin, where the anterior portion of an arched, inset upper diastema is preserved (Fig. 76). The arched diastema for the dentary caniniform tooth is broadly open laterally. A secondary lateral wall enclosing a space within the diastema is initiated in the upper half of the premaxillary margin of the diastema and continues onto the maxilla as in
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Heterodontosauridae" genus="Heterodontosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heterodontosaurus" order="Ornithischia" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Heterodontosaurus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Fig. 75).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="99" pageNumber="100">
|
||||
The palatal surface is flat with a near horizontal orientation as in
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Heterodontosauridae" genus="Heterodontosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heterodontosaurus" order="Ornithischia" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Heterodontosaurus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and most ornithischians. Judging from the location of the anterior portion of the arched diastema, the palate and premaxillary tooth row would have been set below the maxillary tooth row. Just above the posterior end of the palate, an anteriorly tapering slot accommodates the anteromedial process of the maxilla (Fig. 76). This maxillary process, therefore, inserts above the palate as in
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Heterodontosauridae" genus="Heterodontosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heterodontosaurus" order="Ornithischia" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Heterodontosaurus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Norman, DB" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="162" pageNumber="163" pagination="182 - 279" title="The Lower Jurassic ornithischian dinosaur Heterodontosaurus tucki Crompton and Charig 1962: cranial anatomy, functional morphology, taxonomy, and relationships." volume="162" year="2011">Norman et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
),
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Hypsilophodontidae" genus="Hypsilophodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hypsilophodon" order="Ornithischia" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Hypsilophodon</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Galton, PM" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin, British Museum (Natural History) Geology" pageId="161" pageNumber="162" pagination="1 - 152" title="The ornithischian dinosaur Hypsilophodon from the Wealden of the Isle of Wight." volume="25" year="1974 a">Galton 1974a</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
), and many other ornithischians, rather than against the ventral surface of the premaxillary palate as previously suggested (contra
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Weishampel, DB" journalOrPublisher="Advances in Anatomy and Cell Biology" pageId="164" pageNumber="165" pagination="1 - 109" title="Evolution of jaw mechanisms in ornithopod dinosaurs." url="10.1007/978-3-642-69533-9_1" volume="87" year="1984">Weishampel 1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 34). The posterior end of the palatal surface turns sharply upward to join the anterior portion of the arched diastema. Two small foramina are present near the bases of the first and second premaxillary teeth. Although it is possible that they represent replacement foramina, only two are present (rather than three). Unlike replacement foramina, in addition, they are not positioned immediately adjacent to premaxillary alveoli and lack a connecting groove for the dental lamina. It is probable, therefore, that they represent neurovascular foramina associated with the palate, an interpretation that could be verified with computed-tomographic imaging of the bone.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection lastPageId="101" lastPageNumber="102" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" type="maxilla">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Maxilla.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph lastPageId="100" lastPageNumber="101" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">
|
||||
The right maxilla, which is broadly exposed in lateral view (Figs 73, 75, 77A), has sustained some fracturing and loss during the time of burial as well as some breakage after exposure of the fossil. Fracturing and loss during burial appears to have isolated the base of the posterodorsal ramus of the maxilla, leaving it near its natural position relative to the main body of the maxilla (Fig. 75). The distal portion of this
|
||||
<pageBreakToken pageId="100" pageNumber="101" start="start">ramus</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
may also be preserved near its natural position, although the identification of this plate-shaped bone remains tentative (Figs 75, 77B).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph lastPageId="101" lastPageNumber="102" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">
|
||||
The body of the maxilla thickens transversely from the alveolar margin to the ventral rim of the antorbital fenestra, which protrudes laterally as in other heterodontosaurids (Figs 75, 77A). Several neurovascular foramina lie just under this rim, which forms the upper margin of a deeply inset buccal emargination (Fig. 80). Dorsal to the
|
||||
<pageBreakToken pageId="101" pageNumber="102" start="start">rim</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
, the smooth medial wall of the antorbital fossa is exposed, which increases in depth anteriorly. Near the anteroventral corner of the antorbital fossa are located two oval depressions (Figs 77A, 80). The broadly arched anteroventral corner of the antorbital fossa is not invaginated as occurs in
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Heterodontosauridae" genus="Abrictosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Abrictosaurus" order="Ornithischia" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Abrictosaurus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Heterodontosauridae" genus="Heterodontosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heterodontosaurus" order="Ornithischia" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Heterodontosaurus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="101" pageNumber="102">
|
||||
The edges of the arched diastema and the anterior end of the anteromedial process of the maxilla are broken away (Figs 75, 77A). This portion of the maxilla is best preserved in an isolated referred left maxilla (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Gow, CE" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="161" pageNumber="162" pagination="335 - 339" title="A new heterodontosaurid from the Redbeds of South Africa showing clear evidence of tooth replacement." url="10.1111/j.1096-3642.1975.tb01895.x" volume="57" year="1975">Gow 1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Gow, CE" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the South African Museum" pageId="161" pageNumber="162" pagination="367 - 380" title="A tooth-bearing maxilla referable to Lycorhinus angustidens Haughton, 1924 (Dinosauria, Ornithischia)." volume="99" year="1990">1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). In NHMUK RU A100, some of the inset medial wall of an arched diastema is preserved. The posterodorsal ramus is divided between a raised external margin and the recessed medial wall of the antorbital fossa (Figs 75, 77A). Unlike
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Heterodontosauridae" genus="Abrictosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Abrictosaurus" order="Ornithischia" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Abrictosaurus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Heterodontosauridae" genus="Heterodontosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heterodontosaurus" order="Ornithischia" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Heterodontosaurus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, the fossa is not deeply invaginated, and the raised external margin separates the antorbital fossa from the premaxilla by a greater distance. A low prominence is present about halfway along the anterior margin of the antorbital fossa (Fig. 80).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption pageId="101" pageNumber="102">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="101" pageNumber="102">
|
||||
Figure 75. Upper jaw of the heterodontosaurid
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Heterodontosauridae" genus="Lycorhinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lycorhinus angustidens" order="Ornithischia" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="angustidens">Lycorhinus angustidens</taxonomicName>
|
||||
from the Lower Jurassic Upper Elliot Formation of South Africa. Premaxilla and maxilla of an adult individual with worn teeth (NHMUK RU A100). Right premaxilla and maxilla in medial and lateral views, respectively. Hatching indicates broken bone; dashed lines indicate estimated edges; grey tone indicates matrix; pink tone indicates wear facets. Scale bar equals 2 cm. Abbreviations: adi arched diastema aj articular surface for the jugal al articular surface for the lacrimal am14 alveolus for maxillary tooth 14 amap articular surface for the maxillary anterior process antfo antorbital fossa apm articular surface for the opposing premaxilla arm ascending ramus of the maxilla be buccal emargination d2 dentary tooth 2 en external nares fo foramen fos fossa lewf leading edge of the wear facet m maxilla m1, 8 maxillary tooth 1, 8 pm premaxilla pm1, 3 premaxilla tooth 1, 3 pr process r right wfpd wear facet from predentary bill.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<caption pageId="101" pageNumber="102">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="101" pageNumber="102">
|
||||
Figure 76. Premaxilla of the heterodontosaurid
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Heterodontosauridae" genus="Lycorhinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lycorhinus angustidens" order="Ornithischia" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="angustidens">Lycorhinus angustidens</taxonomicName>
|
||||
from the Lower Jurassic Upper Elliot Formation of South Africa. Premaxilla of an adult individual with worn teeth (NHMUK RU A100). Stereopair (A) and line drawing (B) of the right premaxilla in medial view. Hatching indicates broken bone; dashed lines indicate estimated edges; grey tone indicates matrix; pink tone indicates wear facets. Scale bar equals 1 cm. Abbreviations: adi arched diastema amap articular surface for the maxillary anterior process apm articular surface for the opposing premaxilla en external nares fo foramen pm1, 3 premaxilla tooth 1, 3 wfpd wear facet from predentary bill.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<caption pageId="101" pageNumber="102">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="101" pageNumber="102">
|
||||
Figure 77. Maxilla of the heterodontosaurid
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Heterodontosauridae" genus="Lycorhinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lycorhinus angustidens" order="Ornithischia" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="angustidens">Lycorhinus angustidens</taxonomicName>
|
||||
from the Lower Jurassic Upper Elliot Formation of South Africa. Maxilla of an adult individual with worn teeth (NHMUK RU A100). A Stereopair of the right maxilla in lateral view B Close-up view of the ascending ramus C Close-up view of the worn crowns of maxillary teeth 6-8. Scale bars equal 2 cm in A, 3 cm in B, and 1 cm in C.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<caption pageId="101" pageNumber="102">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="101" pageNumber="102">
|
||||
Figure 78. Lower jaw of the heterodontosaurid
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Heterodontosauridae" genus="Lycorhinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lycorhinus angustidens" order="Ornithischia" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="angustidens">Lycorhinus angustidens</taxonomicName>
|
||||
from the Lower Jurassic Upper Elliot Formation of South Africa. Anterior end of the lower jaw of an adult individual (NHMUK RU A100). Stereopair (A) and line drawing (B) of the anterior end of the left lower jaw in medial view. Hatching indicates broken bone; dashed lines indicate estimated edges; tone indicates matrix. Scale bars equal 2 cm in A and 1 cm in B. Abbreviations: d dentary d1, 2 dentary tooth 1, 2 imf internal mandibular fenestra sp splenial sym symphysis.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="101" pageNumber="102" type="lower jaw">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Lower jaw.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="101" pageNumber="102">The right lower jaw is exposed mainly in lateral view and is complete except for the retroarticular region and small areas of breakage (Figs 74, 79). The anterior end, however, remains embedded in the matrix, and information on this end of the lower jaw comes from the left side, which is exposed in medial view (Figs 74, 78). There is some chance that the predentary is hidden within the matrix of the block, given that both dentary rami are present.</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption pageId="101" pageNumber="102">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="101" pageNumber="102">
|
||||
Figure 79. Lower jaw of the heterodontosaurid
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Heterodontosauridae" genus="Lycorhinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lycorhinus angustidens" order="Ornithischia" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="angustidens">Lycorhinus angustidens</taxonomicName>
|
||||
from the Lower Jurassic Upper Elliot Formation of South Africa. Posterior end of the lower jaw of an adult individual (NHMUK RU A100). Stereopair (A) and line drawing (B) of the posterior end of the right lower jaw in lateral view. Dashed lines indicate estimated edges; tone indicates matrix. Scale bars equal 2 cm. Abbreviations: a angular asaf anterior surangular foramen cp coronoid process d dentary emfo external mandibular fossa sa surangular sp splenial.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="101" pageNumber="102">
|
||||
The dentary is a robust bone approximately 17 mm in depth at mid-length and some 70 mm in length. The ventral margin of the ramus is thickened, and the tooth row is inset by a ventrally arched, deep buccal emargination (Fig. 80). Although partially visible in NHMUK RU A100, the lateral aspect of the dentary is best exposed in the holotype (Fig. 3D). Anteriorly, the dentary curves toward an oval symphysis (Fig. 78) that is deeper than that in
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Heterodontosauridae" genus="Heterodontosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heterodontosaurus" order="Ornithischia" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Heterodontosaurus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Fig. 61A). In medial view the end of the dentary is beveled anteroventrally (Fig. 78), unlike the rounded and expanded end of the dentary in
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Heterodontosauridae" genus="Abrictosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Abrictosaurus" order="Ornithischia" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Abrictosaurus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Heterodontosauridae" genus="Heterodontosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heterodontosaurus" order="Ornithischia" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Heterodontosaurus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Figs 35, 59).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="101" pageNumber="102">
|
||||
Medially the dentary is overlapped by a broad, tongue-shaped splenial, which appears to have been displaced anteriorly toward the symphysis on the right side (Fig. 78), and a long strap-shaped coronoid (Fig. 73) similar to that in
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Heterodontosauridae" genus="Heterodontosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heterodontosaurus" order="Ornithischia" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Heterodontosaurus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Fig. 56). The coronoid curves posterodorsally to overlap the junction between the dentary and surangular on the coronoid process. An external mandibular fossa occupies the central portion of the surangular and angular below the coronoid process and is filled with matrix (Fig. 79). Additional preparation is needed to determine if a mandibular fenestra is present at the anterior end of this fossa, as occurs in
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Heterodontosauridae" genus="Heterodontosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heterodontosaurus" order="Ornithischia" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Heterodontosaurus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="101" pageNumber="102">
|
||||
The retroarticular region is broken away, so the exact location of the jaw articulation is unknown. Judging from the preserved margin of the surangular and the location of the dentary tooth row, the jaw articulation was probably offset ventrally at least as much as preserved in
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Heterodontosauridae" genus="Abrictosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Abrictosaurus" order="Ornithischia" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Abrictosaurus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Fig. 35).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection lastPageId="103" lastPageNumber="104" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" type="premaxillary teeth">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Premaxillary teeth.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph lastPageId="102" lastPageNumber="103" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">
|
||||
The three premaxillary teeth (pm1-3) are preceded by an edentulous margin approximately one-third of the length of the ventral margin of the premaxilla (Figs 76, 80). The first two premaxillary crowns may have slid partially out of their
|
||||
<pageBreakToken pageId="102" pageNumber="103" start="start">sockets</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
. A gentle constriction is present on these teeth where the crown and root meet, and the second more complete crown is clearly recurved. A broad wear facet on pm2 may have obliterated the midline of the crown. No ornamentation is visible as preserved. The basal swelling of the crown of pm2 and posterior deflection of its tip resembles the form of pm2 in
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Heterodontosauridae" genus="Heterodontosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heterodontosaurus" order="Ornithischia" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Heterodontosaurus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Fig. 91) and pm1 in
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Fabrosauridae" genus="Lesothosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lesothosaurus" order="Ornithischia" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Lesothosaurus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Sereno 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: fig. 6C).
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Thulborn, RA" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="164" pageNumber="165" pagination="235 - 245" title="The systematic position of the Triassic ornithischian dinosaur Lycorhinus angustidens." url="10.1111/j.1096-3642.1970.tb00739.x" volume="49" year="1970">Thulborn (1970</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 239) described the crowns of pm1 and 2 as "conical pegs".
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
|
||||
<pageBreakToken pageId="103" pageNumber="104" start="start">The</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
large, caniniform third premaxillary tooth lacks any constriction between the crown and root (Fig. 76). The crown base is cylindrical but flattens distally with development of anterior and posterior carinae. The smooth anterior carina is convex in lateral view, whereas the posterior carina is nearly straight. The crown apex thus is only slightly recurved (Fig. 80). The straight posterior carina has about five serrations per millimeter as noted by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Thulborn, RA" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="164" pageNumber="165" pagination="235 - 245" title="The systematic position of the Triassic ornithischian dinosaur Lycorhinus angustidens." url="10.1111/j.1096-3642.1970.tb00739.x" volume="49" year="1970">Thulborn (1970)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
|
||||
The wear facets on pm2 and 3 are planar but are not
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“flat”">"flat"</normalizedToken>
|
||||
as described by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Thulborn, RA" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="164" pageNumber="165" pagination="235 - 245" title="The systematic position of the Triassic ornithischian dinosaur Lycorhinus angustidens." url="10.1111/j.1096-3642.1970.tb00739.x" volume="49" year="1970">Thulborn (1970</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 239). The facets are mesiodistally flat but concave apicobasally (Fig. 76). These facets are the result of shearing wear against the straight keratinous edge of the predentary bill. The tip of the pm3, in addition, is broken along a horizontal fracture as preserved in matrix. The crown tip thus either was broken in life or during transport after death. Wear alone cannot account for the straight edge that truncates the tip of this caniniform tooth. Breakage and subsequent apical abrasion characterizes the teeth of adult
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Heterodontosauridae" genus="Heterodontosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heterodontosaurus" order="Ornithischia" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Heterodontosaurus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, as described in more detail below.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="103" pageNumber="104" type="maxillary teeth">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Maxillary teeth.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
|
||||
The right maxilla of NHMUK RU A100 has alveoli for 14 fully developed teeth (Fig. 75) rather than 13 as described by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Thulborn, RA" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="164" pageNumber="165" pagination="235 - 245" title="The systematic position of the Triassic ornithischian dinosaur Lycorhinus angustidens." url="10.1111/j.1096-3642.1970.tb00739.x" volume="49" year="1970">Thulborn (1970</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 239). A count of 14 fully developed maxillary teeth matches that in another complete maxillary tooth row, which has one peglike distalmost crown (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Gow, CE" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the South African Museum" pageId="161" pageNumber="162" pagination="367 - 380" title="A tooth-bearing maxilla referable to Lycorhinus angustidens Haughton, 1924 (Dinosauria, Ornithischia)." volume="99" year="1990">Gow 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). Judging from the empty first alveolus in NHMUK RU A100, m1 is smaller than more posterior maxillary teeth as preserved in a referred maxilla (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Gow, CE" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="161" pageNumber="162" pagination="335 - 339" title="A new heterodontosaurid from the Redbeds of South Africa showing clear evidence of tooth replacement." url="10.1111/j.1096-3642.1975.tb01895.x" volume="57" year="1975">Gow 1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). An edentulous margin about the width of one tooth is present between the arched diastema and first maxillary tooth in NHMUK RU A100 (Fig. 75). The edentulous margin is much shorter in referred maxillae (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Gow, CE" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="161" pageNumber="162" pagination="335 - 339" title="A new heterodontosaurid from the Redbeds of South Africa showing clear evidence of tooth replacement." url="10.1111/j.1096-3642.1975.tb01895.x" volume="57" year="1975">Gow 1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Gow, CE" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the South African Museum" pageId="161" pageNumber="162" pagination="367 - 380" title="A tooth-bearing maxilla referable to Lycorhinus angustidens Haughton, 1924 (Dinosauria, Ornithischia)." volume="99" year="1990">1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). Maxillary crowns are set at an angle to the root and are subject to considerable wear against the dentary crowns (Fig. 77C). Wear facets truncate the distal portion of all of the preserved maxillary crowns. Unlike
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Heterodontosauridae" genus="Abrictosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Abrictosaurus" order="Ornithischia" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Abrictosaurus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Heterodontosauridae" genus="Heterodontosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heterodontosaurus" order="Ornithischia" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Heterodontosaurus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, all but the most mesial and distal maxillary crowns are fairly similar in size and shape (Fig. 80).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
|
||||
The distinguishing feature of the lateral aspect of the maxillary crowns is the accentuated distal edge, which is raised as a distal marginal ridge (Figs 10, 77C). The dentary crowns, in contrast, are more symmetrical as seen in lingual view (Fig. 78). A rounded median eminence is present but not developed into a distinct primary ridge, and no secondary ridges are present on either maxillary or dentary crowns. The medial aspect of the maxillary crowns is not exposed; the description of the medial side of the maxillary crowns by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Thulborn, RA" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="164" pageNumber="165" pagination="235 - 245" title="The systematic position of the Triassic ornithischian dinosaur Lycorhinus angustidens." url="10.1111/j.1096-3642.1970.tb00739.x" volume="49" year="1970">Thulborn (1970</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 240) is based on misidentification of the dentary as a maxilla (Fig. 4B). Besides the distal marginal ridge, the only other distinguishing feature in the maxillary dentition is the medial curvature of the tooth row (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Gow, CE" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the South African Museum" pageId="161" pageNumber="162" pagination="367 - 380" title="A tooth-bearing maxilla referable to Lycorhinus angustidens Haughton, 1924 (Dinosauria, Ornithischia)." volume="99" year="1990">Gow 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). In
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Scutellosauridae" genus="Echinodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Echinodon" order="Ornithischia" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Echinodon</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Heterodontosauridae" genus="Abrictosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Abrictosaurus" order="Ornithischia" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Abrictosaurus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Heterodontosauridae" genus="Heterodontosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heterodontosaurus" order="Ornithischia" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Heterodontosaurus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, in contrast, the maxillary tooth row is nearly straight.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
|
||||
Figure 80. Skull of the heterodontosaurid
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Heterodontosauridae" genus="Lycorhinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lycorhinus angustidens" order="Ornithischia" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="angustidens">Lycorhinus angustidens</taxonomicName>
|
||||
from the Lower Jurassic Upper Elliot Formation of South Africa. Skull reconstruction based on the holotypic dentary (SAM-PK-K3606) and referred specimens (NHMUK RU A100, BP/1/4244). Dashed lines indicate estimated edges. Abbreviations: adi arched diastema antfo antorbital fossa be buccal emargination d dentary d1-3, 15 dentary teeth 1-3, 15 fo foramen j jugal m maxilla m1, 14, 15 maxillary tooth 1, 14, 15 nf narial fossa pd predentary pm premaxilla pm1, 3 premaxilla tooth 1, 3.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection lastPageId="107" lastPageNumber="108" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" type="dentary teeth">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Dentary teeth.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph lastPageId="105" lastPageNumber="106" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
|
||||
The posterior portion of a small dentary tooth (d1) is preserved anterior to the caniniform tooth (Fig. 78). Its crown appears to have been subconical or peglike with a rounded distal margin. Although figured by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Thulborn, RA" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="164" pageNumber="165" pagination="235 - 245" title="The systematic position of the Triassic ornithischian dinosaur Lycorhinus angustidens." url="10.1111/j.1096-3642.1970.tb00739.x" volume="49" year="1970">Thulborn (1970</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: fig. 5), this tooth was not described. The second dentary tooth (d2) is caniniform, with anterior and posterior carinae. The crown is more than twice the height of dentary
|
||||
<pageBreakToken pageId="104" pageNumber="105" start="start">crowns</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
in the center of the tooth row (Fig. 80). The premaxillary caniniform tooth (pm 3) is approximately 70% the height and basal width of d2. Unlike pm3, d2 is noticeably recurved with convex and concave carinae anteriorly and posteriorly, respectively (Fig. 78). The mesial carina of d2 is serrate, whereas the distal carina is not fully exposed. The supposed absence of serrations on the distal carina (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Thulborn, RA" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="164" pageNumber="165" pagination="235 - 245" title="The systematic position of the Triassic ornithischian dinosaur Lycorhinus angustidens." url="10.1111/j.1096-3642.1970.tb00739.x" volume="49" year="1970">Thulborn 1970</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
) thus cannot be used to differentiate NHMUK RU A100 from the caniniform in the holotype, which has a serrate distal carina (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Hopson, JA" journalOrPublisher="South African Journal of Science" pageId="162" pageNumber="163" pagination="302 - 305" title="On the generic separation of the ornithischian Lycorhinus and Heterodontosaurus from the Stormberg Series (Upper Triassic) of South Africa." volume="71" year="1975">Hopson 1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Gow, CE" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the South African Museum" pageId="161" pageNumber="162" pagination="367 - 380" title="A tooth-bearing maxilla referable to Lycorhinus angustidens Haughton, 1924 (Dinosauria, Ornithischia)." volume="99" year="1990">Gow 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). An edentulous
|
||||
<pageBreakToken pageId="105" pageNumber="106" start="start">margin</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
the width of one tooth is situated between the dentary caniniform tooth and d3 in NHMUK RU A100 (Fig. 78), which closely matches the condition in the holotypic dentary of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Heterodontosauridae" genus="Lycorhinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lycorhinus angustidens" order="Ornithischia" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="angustidens">Lycorhinus angustidens</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Fig. 3).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph lastPageId="106" lastPageNumber="107" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
|
||||
Eleven postcaniniform teeth (d3-13) are present in the holotypic dentary, which lacks the distalmost teeth. In NHMUK RU A100, the first and second postcaniniform crowns (d3, 4) are smaller and proportionately taller than more distal dentary crowns (Fig. 78). The tip of the crown of d5 is truncated by shearing wear on the unexposed labial side of the crown. More substantial wear is present on d6 and 7 that truncates more of the crown tip. Thinking they were maxillary teeth,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Thulborn, RA" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="164" pageNumber="165" pagination="235 - 245" title="The systematic position of the Triassic ornithischian dinosaur Lycorhinus angustidens." url="10.1111/j.1096-3642.1970.tb00739.x" volume="49" year="1970">Thulborn (1970</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 240) reported that all of the exposed dentary crowns are unworn. His lower count of only two
|
||||
<pageBreakToken pageId="106" pageNumber="107" start="start">or</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
three denticles on mesial and distal crown margins, rather than four or five, is based on dentary crowns truncated by wear facets.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph lastPageId="107" lastPageNumber="108" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">
|
||||
The lingual side of the dentary crowns has a prominent, slightly mesially offset, vertical eminence that is stronger than that on the labial aspect of the maxillary crowns (Figs 77C, 78). Unlike the labial surface of the maxillary crowns, neither margin is raised as a ridge nor are the crowns tilted relative to the axis of the root. The labial side of the dentary crowns is exposed in the holotype but all are heavily worn (Fig. 3). The fourth postcaniniform tooth in the holotype dentary (Fig. 3C; labeled
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“4”">"4"</normalizedToken>
|
||||
)-the only one preserving some of the crown edge-has a prominent distal marginal ridge comparable to that on the labial aspect of the maxillary crowns in NHMUK RU A100 (Fig. 77C). A rounded median eminence is present which joins a labial prominent, swollen cingulum, which is well-demarcated form the root. Thus the labial aspect of the dentary crowns in the holotype of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Heterodontosauridae" genus="Lycorhinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lycorhinus angustidens" order="Ornithischia" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="angustidens">Lycorhinus angustidens</taxonomicName>
|
||||
bears a striking resemblance to the
|
||||
<pageBreakToken pageId="107" pageNumber="108" start="start">labial</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
aspect of the maxillary crowns in NHMUK RU A100. In both the cingulum is swollen and there is a prominent distal marginal ridge.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="107" pageNumber="108">
|
||||
The roots of the dentary teeth in NHMUK RU A100 appear to be swollen. The left dentary and one of its posterior teeth are exposed in cross-section (Fig. 73). Although there is a gentle constriction below the crown, the hollow root expands to a width equal to that of the crown, resembling the condition in
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Heterodontosauridae" genus="Abrictosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Abrictosaurus" order="Ornithischia" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Abrictosaurus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Heterodontosauridae" genus="Heterodontosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heterodontosaurus" order="Ornithischia" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Heterodontosaurus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Hopson, JA" journalOrPublisher="South African Journal of Science" pageId="162" pageNumber="163" pagination="302 - 305" title="On the generic separation of the ornithischian Lycorhinus and Heterodontosaurus from the Stormberg Series (Upper Triassic) of South Africa." volume="71" year="1975">Hopson (1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 304) also noted swelling of the roots of the dentary teeth in the holotype of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Heterodontosauridae" genus="Lycorhinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lycorhinus angustidens" order="Ornithischia" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="angustidens">Lycorhinus angustidens</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="107" pageNumber="108">
|
||||
Maxillary and dentary crowns have an imbricate arrangement with the mesial edges of the crowns angled mesiolingually. Although some adjacent crowns are in contact, there is little overlap of crown edges in either the holotypic dentition, the tooth rows of NHMUK RU A100, or the two referred maxillae. As described by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Gow, CE" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the South African Museum" pageId="161" pageNumber="162" pagination="367 - 380" title="A tooth-bearing maxilla referable to Lycorhinus angustidens Haughton, 1924 (Dinosauria, Ornithischia)." volume="99" year="1990">Gow (1990)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
in the worn dentition of the holotype, wear facets in
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Heterodontosauridae" genus="Lycorhinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lycorhinus" order="Ornithischia" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Lycorhinus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
do not join to form a single surface nor are they oriented in a single occlusal plane (contra
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Weishampel, DB" journalOrPublisher="Advances in Anatomy and Cell Biology" pageId="164" pageNumber="165" pagination="1 - 109" title="Evolution of jaw mechanisms in ornithopod dinosaurs." url="10.1007/978-3-642-69533-9_1" volume="87" year="1984">Weishampel 1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 54). The enamel on the dentary crowns is distributed asymmetrically with a thicker layer on the lingual side in NHMUK RU A100. A similar asymmetrical distribution of enamel (reversed) is probably present in maxillary crowns but cannot be unequivocally demonstrated.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="107" pageNumber="108" type="skull reconstruction">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Skull reconstruction.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="107" pageNumber="108">
|
||||
The partial skull reconstruction (Fig. 80) is the first for
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Heterodontosauridae" genus="Lycorhinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lycorhinus angustidens" order="Ornithischia" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="angustidens">Lycorhinus angustidens</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. Previously
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Gow, CE" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the South African Museum" pageId="161" pageNumber="162" pagination="367 - 380" title="A tooth-bearing maxilla referable to Lycorhinus angustidens Haughton, 1924 (Dinosauria, Ornithischia)." volume="99" year="1990">Gow (1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: fig. 3) had juxtaposed the maxillary and dentary tooth rows of BP/1/5253 and SAM-PK-K3606. The reconstruction presented here is based on the holotypic dentary (UCRC PVC10; silicone cast from the natural mold of (SAM-PK-K3606;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Hopson, JA" journalOrPublisher="South African Journal of Science" pageId="162" pageNumber="163" pagination="302 - 305" title="On the generic separation of the ornithischian Lycorhinus and Heterodontosaurus from the Stormberg Series (Upper Triassic) of South Africa." volume="71" year="1975">Hopson 1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
), two referred maxillae (BP/1/4244, BP/1/5253;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Gow, CE" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="161" pageNumber="162" pagination="335 - 339" title="A new heterodontosaurid from the Redbeds of South Africa showing clear evidence of tooth replacement." url="10.1111/j.1096-3642.1975.tb01895.x" volume="57" year="1975">Gow 1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Gow, CE" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the South African Museum" pageId="161" pageNumber="162" pagination="367 - 380" title="A tooth-bearing maxilla referable to Lycorhinus angustidens Haughton, 1924 (Dinosauria, Ornithischia)." volume="99" year="1990">1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
), and specimen NHMUK RU A100. The premaxilla and maxilla of the new reconstruction are based primarily on NHMUK RU A100. The anterior end of the dentary in NHMUK RU A100 is exposed only in medial view, and so the lateral aspect of the dentary is based on the holotypic natural mold (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Hopson, JA" journalOrPublisher="South African Journal of Science" pageId="162" pageNumber="163" pagination="302 - 305" title="On the generic separation of the ornithischian Lycorhinus and Heterodontosaurus from the Stormberg Series (Upper Triassic) of South Africa." volume="71" year="1975">Hopson 1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Gow, CE" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the South African Museum" pageId="161" pageNumber="162" pagination="367 - 380" title="A tooth-bearing maxilla referable to Lycorhinus angustidens Haughton, 1924 (Dinosauria, Ornithischia)." volume="99" year="1990">Gow 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). The dentary of NHMUK RU A100, however, shows that its anterior end is less expanded and lacks the rounded profile of that in
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Heterodontosauridae" genus="Heterodontosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heterodontosaurus" order="Ornithischia" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Heterodontosaurus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Heterodontosauridae" genus="Abrictosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Abrictosaurus" order="Ornithischia" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Abrictosaurus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Figs 35, 59). The predentary is not preserved in available material of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Heterodontosauridae" genus="Lycorhinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lycorhinus" order="Ornithischia" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Lycorhinus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="107" pageNumber="108">
|
||||
The premaxillary teeth, which are based on NHMUK RU A100, are inset from the anterior margin of the premaxilla with the first two premaxillary teeth set back into their sockets. The premaxillary tooth row is positioned below the level of the maxillary tooth row (Fig. 80), judging from the low position of the maxillary anteromedial process (BP/1/4244;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Gow, CE" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="161" pageNumber="162" pagination="335 - 339" title="A new heterodontosaurid from the Redbeds of South Africa showing clear evidence of tooth replacement." url="10.1111/j.1096-3642.1975.tb01895.x" volume="57" year="1975">Gow 1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: fig. 1) and the slot on the premaxilla for that process (Fig. 76). Maxillary and dentary crown shape is best preserved in BP/1/4244 and NHMUK RU A100, respectively (Figs 77C, 78). The maxillary tooth count of 15 (the last a rudimentary crown) is based the nearly complete tooth rows of NHMUK RU A100 and BP/1/1523 (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Gow, CE" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the South African Museum" pageId="161" pageNumber="162" pagination="367 - 380" title="A tooth-bearing maxilla referable to Lycorhinus angustidens Haughton, 1924 (Dinosauria, Ornithischia)." volume="99" year="1990">Gow 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). The dentary tooth count of 15 is an estimate. The holotype preserves 11 dentary teeth posterior to the caniniform tooth for a total of 13 teeth (d3-13), but the posterior end of the row is probably lacking one or two teeth. The right dentary in NHMUK RU A100 may well preserve a complete tooth row but is not fully exposed. Dentary crown shape is based on the exposed and unworn anterior dentary crowns in NHMUK RU A100 (Fig. 78).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
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