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<document id="F122DC50CABE2FD1D7AF7C8A82E7F0C2" ID-DOI="10.24199/j.mmv.2006.63.17" ID-ISSN="1447-2554" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12210410" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1718991714234" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Sandford, Andrew C. &amp; Holloway, David J." docDate="2006" docId="9C6887D7FF813F0B6525F92FABA3F8FD" docLanguage="en" docName="MemMusVictoria.63.2.215-255.pdf" docOrigin="Memoirs of Museum Victoria 63 (2)" docSource="https://museumsvictoria.com.au/collections-research/journals/memoirs-of-museum-victoria/volume-63-issue-2-2006/pages-215-255/" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5B3B5C052A93BFEEE334AD6097A94E45.2:MemMusVictoria.2003-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="5B3B5C052A93BFEEE334AD6097A94E45" docStyleName="MemMusVictoria.2003-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Ananaspis , Campbell 1967" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="224" masterDocId="6051FFAFFF893F02660FFF86AF6EFF93" masterDocTitle="Early Silurian phacopide trilobites from central Victoria, Australia" masterLastPageNumber="255" masterPageNumber="215" pageNumber="223" updateTime="1719002137797" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="D1E8AE56A65F1E54CBF1FA8F9852AE62">Early Silurian phacopide trilobites from central Victoria, Australia</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="E61A2900E9CD3EB6B33CA3E2AB9190A4">Sandford, Andrew C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="CA72D869A3A54014856E71C7DF0E7CC7">Holloway, David J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="797EDF8EFF9AA24F048679933FD6C53C">Memoirs of Museum Victoria</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="80A06330386604C636E479D475200F23">2006</mods:date>
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<treatment id="9C6887D7FF813F0B6525F92FABA3F8FD" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9C6887D7FF813F0B6525F92FABA3F8FD" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/9C6887D7FF813F0B6525F92FABA3F8FD" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="224" pageId="8" pageNumber="223">
<subSubSection id="5CDB654AFF813F0A6525F92FAB51F92C" box="[810,1087,1705,1727]" pageId="8" pageNumber="223" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="147E36C1FF813F0A6525F92FAB51F92C" blockId="8.[810,1087,1705,1727]" box="[810,1087,1705,1727]" pageId="8" pageNumber="223">
<heading id="4F3681ADFF813F0A6525F92FAB51F92C" box="[810,1087,1705,1727]" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="223" reason="5">
<taxonomicName id="D3C14D42FF813F0A6525F92FAB51F92C" authority="Campbell, 1967" authorityName=", Campbell" authorityYear="1967" box="[810,1087,1705,1727]" class="Trilobita" family="Phacopidae" genus="Ananaspis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phacopida" pageId="8" pageNumber="223" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="26B5EAD3FF813F0A6525F92FACF7F92D" bold="true" box="[810,921,1705,1726]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="223">Ananaspis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="70504B30FF813F0A6590F92FAB51F92C" author="Campbell, K. S. W." box="[927,1087,1705,1727]" pageId="8" pageNumber="223" pagination="1 - 68" refId="ref29079" refString="Campbell, K. S. W. 1967. Trilobites of the Henryhouse Formation (Silurian) in Oklahoma. Bulletin of the Oklahoma Geological Survey 115: 1 - 68." type="journal article" year="1967">Campbell, 1967</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5CDB654AFF813F0B6525F950ABA3F8FD" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="224" pageId="8" pageNumber="223" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="147E36C1FF813F0A6525F950ACCBF8B6" blockId="8.[810,1441,1749,1829]" pageId="8" pageNumber="223">
<materialsCitation id="A4A93C9CFF813F0A6525F950ACCFF8B6" country="Czech Republic" location="Kopanina Formation" municipality="Kolednik" pageId="8" pageNumber="223" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="26B5EAD3FF813F0A6525F950ACD6F978" box="[810,952,1750,1771]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="223">
<typeStatus id="CB7A8863FF813F0A6525F950AC34F978" box="[810,858,1750,1771]" pageId="8" pageNumber="223">Type</typeStatus>
species.
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="D3C14D42FF813F0A65CBF953AA40F978" authority="Barrande, 1846" authorityName="Barrande" authorityYear="1846" box="[964,1326,1749,1771]" class="Trilobita" family="Phacopidae" genus="Phacops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phacopida" pageId="8" pageNumber="223" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fecundus">
<emphasis id="26B5EAD3FF813F0A65CBF953ABEBF979" box="[964,1157,1749,1770]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="223">Phacops fecundus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="70504B30FF813F0A629DF953AA40F978" author="Barrande, J." box="[1170,1326,1749,1771]" pageId="8" pageNumber="223" refId="ref28892" refString="Barrande, J. 1846. Notice preliminaire sur le Systeme silurien et les trilobites de Boheme. C. L. Hirschfeld: Leipzig. vi + 97 pp." type="book" year="1846">Barrande, 1846</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
from the
<location id="111E601AFF813F0A6525F974AC94F89B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9C6887D7FF813F0B6525F92FABA3F8FD:111E601AFF813F0A6525F974AC94F89B" box="[810,1018,1778,1800]" country="Czech Republic" municipality="Kolednik" name="Kopanina Formation" pageId="8" pageNumber="223">Kopanina Formation</location>
(Ludlow),
<collectingMunicipality id="F41AACBBFF813F0A626AF974ABA9F89B" box="[1125,1223,1778,1800]" pageId="8" pageNumber="223">Koledník</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingCountry id="6CD67651FF813F0A62C0F974AA43F89B" box="[1231,1325,1778,1800]" name="Czech Republic" pageId="8" pageNumber="223">Bohemia</collectingCountry>
, by original designation
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="147E36C1FF813F0B6525F8BAAD87F895" blockId="8.[810,1442,1852,1903]" lastBlockId="9.[146,777,1357,1798]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="224" pageId="8" pageNumber="223">
<emphasis id="26B5EAD3FF813F0A6525F8BAACE3F8C2" box="[810,909,1852,1873]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="223">Diagnosis</emphasis>
. Glabella moderately to strongly convex (sag., tr.), vertical or slightly overhanging anteriorly in dorsal view. Composite lobe expanding strongly forward, maximum width twice width at L1 or a little more. L2 commonly significantly shorter (exsag.) than L3. Eye of moderate to large size, lower edge situated in or slightly above lateral border furrow anteriorly and distant from lateral border furrow posteriorly, visual surface lacking strongly raised sclera (may be slightly thickened dorsally). Palpebral area as high as or higher than palpebral lobe. Fixigenal portion of lateral border furrow deep and continuous with posterior border furrow. Vincular furrow shallow to moderately impressed medially, commonly rather weakly notched laterally. Glabellar sculpture of bimodal tubercles lacking perforations and with superimposed and interspersed granules, doublure finely and densely granulate. Hypostome with short (sag.) posterior border having 3 angular points on margin. Pygidial pleural furrows deep and wide (exsag.), interpleural furrows distinct.
</paragraph>
<caption id="40BE6649FF803F0B669CFB46ADFAFB7E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12210424" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12210424" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12210424/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="224" startId="9.[147,207,1216,1235]" targetBox="[267,1328,229,1200]" targetPageId="9" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="147E36C1FF803F0B669CFB46ADFAFB7E" blockId="9.[147,1449,1216,1262]" pageId="9" pageNumber="224">
Figure 5. AD,
<taxonomicName id="D3C14D42FF803F0B6710FB46AEEBFB40" authorityName=", Ramskold and Werdelin" authorityYear="1991" box="[287,389,1216,1235]" class="Trilobita" family="Phacopidae" genus="Acernaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phacopida" pageId="9" pageNumber="224" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="26B5EAD3FF803F0B6710FB46AEEBFB40" box="[287,389,1216,1235]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="224">Acernaspis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
? sp., NMV P139804, cephalon, × 4, from PL385, Costerfield. EG,
<taxonomicName id="D3C14D42FF803F0B65E9FB46AB21FB40" authorityName="Hawle and Corda" authorityYear="1847" box="[998,1103,1216,1235]" class="Trilobita" family="Phacopidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phacopida" pageId="9" pageNumber="224" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Phacopidae</taxonomicName>
gen.indet.3, NMV P139353, enrolled exoskeleton from PL1369, Springfield; E, × 4.0; F, × 4.5.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="147E36C1FF803F0B669DF89BABA3F8FD" blockId="9.[146,777,1821,1903]" lastBlockId="9.[814,1446,1357,1903]" pageId="9" pageNumber="224">
<emphasis id="26B5EAD3FF803F0B669DF89BAF9EF8A1" box="[146,240,1821,1842]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="224">Remarks.</emphasis>
This diagnosis distinguishes
<taxonomicName id="D3C14D42FF803F0B6403F89BAD1DF8A1" authorityName=", Campbell" authorityYear="1967" box="[524,627,1821,1842]" class="Trilobita" family="Phacopidae" genus="Ananaspis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phacopida" pageId="9" pageNumber="224" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="26B5EAD3FF803F0B6403F89BAD1DF8A1" box="[524,627,1821,1842]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="224">Ananaspis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from a number of closely related genera recognised since the work of
<bibRefCitation id="70504B30FF803F0B64A7F8BDAFB9F8FC" author="Campbell, K. S. W." pageId="9" pageNumber="224" pagination="1 - 68" refId="ref29079" refString="Campbell, K. S. W. 1967. Trilobites of the Henryhouse Formation (Silurian) in Oklahoma. Bulletin of the Oklahoma Geological Survey 115: 1 - 68." type="journal article" year="1967">Campbell (1967)</bibRefCitation>
.
<taxonomicName id="D3C14D42FF803F0B66ECF8DFAE9EF8FD" authority="Sandford, 2002" authorityName="Sandford" authorityYear="2002" box="[227,496,1881,1903]" class="Trilobita" family="Phacopidae" genus="Echidnops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phacopida" pageId="9" pageNumber="224" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="26B5EAD3FF803F0B66ECF8DFAE22F8FD" box="[227,332,1881,1902]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="224">Echidnops</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="70504B30FF803F0B675BF8DFAE9EF8FD" author="Sandford, A. C." box="[340,496,1881,1903]" pageId="9" pageNumber="224" pagination="1 - 31" refId="ref31816" refString="Sandford, A. C. 2002. Systematics, biostratigraphy and palaeoenvironments of Echidnops, a new genus of trilobite from the late Silurian - Early Devonian of south-eastern Australia: Phacopidae of Victoria, Part 1. Memoirs of the Association of Australasian Palaeontologists 27: 1 - 31." type="journal article" year="2002">Sandford, 2002</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
is the closest to
<taxonomicName id="D3C14D42FF803F0B64AEF8DFAC66F8FD" authorityName=", Campbell" authorityYear="1967" box="[673,776,1881,1902]" class="Trilobita" family="Phacopidae" genus="Ananaspis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phacopida" pageId="9" pageNumber="224" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="26B5EAD3FF803F0B64AEF8DFAC66F8FD" box="[673,776,1881,1902]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="224">Ananaspis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but differs not only in having characteristic occipital and thoracic axial spines but also a much more deeply incised vincular furrow medially.
<taxonomicName id="D3C14D42FF803F0B6594FA01AB82FA0F" authority="Maksimova, 1972" authorityName="Maksimova" authorityYear="1972" box="[923,1260,1415,1437]" class="Trilobita" family="Phacopidae" genus="Paciphacops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phacopida" pageId="9" pageNumber="224" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="26B5EAD3FF803F0B6594FA01AB75FA0F" box="[923,1051,1415,1436]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="224">Paciphacops</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="70504B30FF803F0B6222FA01AB82FA0F" author="Maksimova, Z. A." box="[1069,1260,1415,1437]" pageId="9" pageNumber="224" pagination="78 - 83" refId="ref31052" refString="Maksimova, Z. A. 1972. Novye devonskie trilobity Phacopoidea. Paleontologicheskii Zhurnal (1972): 88 - 94. [English translation published 1972 in Paleontological Journal 6: 78 - 83.]" type="journal article" year="1972">Maksimova, 1972</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
is distinguished especially by the strongly raised sclera on the visual surface and the perforate glabellar tubercles, but in addition L1 is more depressed medially, the glabella is more raised and subquadrate in anterior profile, and the vincular furrow is deep medially.
<taxonomicName id="D3C14D42FF803F0B6521F99FAB28F9BD" authority="Chlupac, 1972" authorityName="Chlupac" authorityYear="1972" box="[814,1094,1561,1583]" class="Trilobita" family="Phacopidae" genus="Lochkovella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phacopida" pageId="9" pageNumber="224" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="26B5EAD3FF803F0B6521F99FACC9F9BD" box="[814,935,1561,1582]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="224">Lochkovella</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="70504B30FF803F0B65BEF99FAB28F9BD" author="Chlupac, I." box="[945,1094,1561,1583]" pageId="9" pageNumber="224" pagination="395 - 401" refId="ref29366" refString="Chlupac, I. 1972. New Silurian and Lower Devonian phacopid trilobites from the Barrandian area (Czechoslovakia). Casopis pro Mineralogii a Geologii 17: 395 - 401." type="journal article" year="1972">Chlupáč, 1972</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(see also
<bibRefCitation id="70504B30FF803F0B62BAF99FAA3DF9BD" author="Sandford, A. C." box="[1205,1363,1561,1583]" pageId="9" pageNumber="224" pagination="209 - 222" refId="ref31918" refString="Sandford, A. C. 2004. A revision of Lochkovella Chlupac, 1972 (Arthropoda: Trilobita) and a species from Lilydale and Tyers. Phacopidae of Victoria, Part 5. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria 116: 209 - 222." type="journal article" year="2004">Sandford, 2004</bibRefCitation>
) differs from
<taxonomicName id="D3C14D42FF803F0B656BF9B0ACA5F9D8" authorityName=", Campbell" authorityYear="1967" box="[868,971,1590,1611]" class="Trilobita" family="Phacopidae" genus="Ananaspis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phacopida" pageId="9" pageNumber="224" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="26B5EAD3FF803F0B656BF9B0ACA5F9D8" box="[868,971,1590,1611]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="224">Ananaspis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in that the cephalic tuberculation is finer and of more uniform size, the eye is situated very low on the cheek with its lower edge indenting the lateral cephalic border, the hypostome has a long (sag.) posterior border with five marginal denticles, the pygidial interpleural furrows are not as deep, and the pygidial granulation is coarser. Similar distinctions can be made with
<taxonomicName id="D3C14D42FF803F0B65AAF962ABACF969" authority="Erben, 1952" authorityName="Erben" authorityYear="1952" box="[933,1218,1764,1786]" class="Trilobita" family="Phacopidae" genus="Nephranomma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phacopida" pageId="9" pageNumber="224" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="26B5EAD3FF803F0B65AAF962AB57F96A" box="[933,1081,1764,1785]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="224">Nephranomma</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="70504B30FF803F0B624BF962ABACF969" author="Erben, H. K." box="[1092,1218,1764,1786]" pageId="9" pageNumber="224" pagination="150 - 362" refId="ref29810" refString="Erben, H. K. 1952. Trilobiten aus dem alteren Hercyn (Unterdevon) des Unterharzes. Neues Jahrbuch fur Geologie und Palaontologie, Abhandlungen 94: 150 - 362, pls 17 - 24." type="journal article" year="1952">Erben, 1952</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(see
<bibRefCitation id="70504B30FF803F0B62F0F962AAF3F969" author="Sandford, A. C." box="[1279,1437,1764,1786]" pageId="9" pageNumber="224" pagination="309 - 329" refId="ref31868" refString="Sandford, A. C. 2003. A revision of Nephranomma Erben, 1952 (Trilobita: Phacopidae), with new species from the Lower Devonian of Victoria, Australia: Phacopidae of Victoria, Part 2. Special Papers in Palaeontology 70: 309 - 329." type="journal article" year="2003">Sandford, 2003</bibRefCitation>
) which further differs from
<taxonomicName id="D3C14D42FF803F0B625EF884ABD6F884" authorityName=", Campbell" authorityYear="1967" box="[1105,1208,1794,1815]" class="Trilobita" family="Phacopidae" genus="Ananaspis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phacopida" pageId="9" pageNumber="224" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="26B5EAD3FF803F0B625EF884ABD6F884" box="[1105,1208,1794,1815]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="224">Ananaspis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in lacking a vincular furrow medially and in having a distinctive scaly sculpture on the cephalic doublure. See the remarks on
<taxonomicName id="D3C14D42FF803F0B62EBF8BBAA74F8C1" authorityName="Sandford &amp; Holloway" authorityYear="2006" box="[1252,1306,1853,1874]" class="Trilobita" family="Phacopidae" genus="Ivops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phacopida" pageId="9" pageNumber="224" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="26B5EAD3FF803F0B62EBF8BBAA74F8C1" box="[1252,1306,1853,1874]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="224">Ivops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="3D8657A8FF803F0B632DF8BAAAEEF8C2" box="[1314,1408,1852,1873]" pageId="9" pageNumber="224" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
for comparison of that genus with
<taxonomicName id="D3C14D42FF803F0B626FF8DFABA9F8FD" authorityName=", Campbell" authorityYear="1967" box="[1120,1223,1881,1902]" class="Trilobita" family="Phacopidae" genus="Ananaspis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phacopida" pageId="9" pageNumber="224" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="26B5EAD3FF803F0B626FF8DFABA9F8FD" box="[1120,1223,1881,1902]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="224">Ananaspis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<mods:title id="B0CC8DAFA076584702E24B4CA34DE3E5">Early Silurian phacopide trilobites from central Victoria, Australia</mods:title>
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<emphasis id="26B5EAD3FF9B3F106683FF60AFAAFF68" bold="true" box="[140,196,230,251]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="233">Ivops</emphasis>
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<typeStatus id="CB7A8863FF9B3F106683FE94AFD3FEB4" box="[140,189,274,295]" pageId="18" pageNumber="233">Type</typeStatus>
species.
<taxonomicName id="D3C14D42FF9B3F106729FE94AEB1FEB5" authorityName="Sandford &amp; Holloway" authorityYear="2006" box="[294,479,273,295]" class="Trilobita" family="Phacopidae" genus="Ivops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phacopida" pageId="18" pageNumber="233" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wallanensis" status="sp. nov.">Ivops wallanensis</taxonomicName>
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from the
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(Wenlock), central
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.
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<emphasis id="26B5EAD3FF9B3F106683FEDCAE08FEFC" box="[140,358,345,367]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="233">Derivation of name.</emphasis>
After the late Professor Ivo Chlupáč, Charles University,
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. Gender masculine.
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<emphasis id="26B5EAD3FF9B3F106683FE24AF9DFE24" box="[140,243,418,439]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="233">Diagnosis</emphasis>
. L1 with lateral node very small and depressed, L2 short (exsag.). S2 containing deep pit adjacent to axial furrow, forming a notch in side of glabella. Anterior branch of S3 long, subparallel to axial furrow. Front of glabella overhanging anterior border. Eye relatively small, length (exsag.) approximately 30% sagittal cephalic length, its lower edge lying just above lateral border furrow anteriorly, visual surface without raised sclera. Lateral border furrow on fixigena continuous with posterior border furrow. Vincular furrow with weak notching laterally. Pygidium with weakly tapering axis constituting about 30% maximum pygidial width anteriorly, and with deep pleural and shallow but distinct interpleural furrows. Dense sculpture of bimodal tubercles on glabella.
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<emphasis id="26B5EAD3FF9B3F106683FCA2AF8CFCAA" box="[140,226,804,825]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="233">Remarks</emphasis>
.
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<emphasis id="26B5EAD3FF9B3F1066E0FCA2AE4AFCAA" box="[239,292,804,825]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="233">Ivops</emphasis>
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is known only from the
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species. The genus closely resembles
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<emphasis id="26B5EAD3FF9B3F106736FCC7AEF1FCC5" box="[313,415,833,854]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="233">Ananaspis</emphasis>
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in glabellar and pygidial proportions, the short L2 (exsagittal length 80% that of L3), the continuity of the posterior border furrow with the lateral border furrow on the fixigena, the weak notching in the lateral part of the vincular furrow, and the depth of the pygidial pleural and interpleural furrows. The relatively small eye with its lower edge placed a short distance above the lateral border furrow and with a small number of lenses in the dorsoventral files are features comparable with species such as
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<emphasis id="26B5EAD3FF9B3F106753FBA3AED5FBA9" box="[348,443,1061,1082]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="233">A. aspera</emphasis>
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and
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<emphasis id="26B5EAD3FF9B3F1067E3FBA3AD1FFBA9" box="[492,625,1061,1082]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="233">A. calvescens</emphasis>
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. Despite these shared features
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<emphasis id="26B5EAD3FF9B3F10673CFBC4AE06FBC4" box="[307,360,1090,1111]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="233">Ivops</emphasis>
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is unlike
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<emphasis id="26B5EAD3FF9B3F1067D3FBC4AD2CFBC4" box="[476,578,1090,1111]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="233">Ananaspis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and other known Silurian phacopines in that S2 is deep laterally and contains an apodemal pit where it meets the axial furrow. This feature contrasts with the more typical phacopine morphology of a shallow S2 that is isolated from the axial furrow. A laterally deep S2 similar to that of
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<emphasis id="26B5EAD3FF9B3F106750FB57AEFAFB75" box="[351,404,1233,1254]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="233">Ivops</emphasis>
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is present in ʻ
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<emphasis id="26B5EAD3FF9B3F106428FB56ADC8FB76" box="[551,678,1232,1253]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="233">Paciphacops</emphasis>
ʼ
<emphasis id="26B5EAD3FF9B3F1064BBFB57AC6CFB75" box="[692,770,1233,1254]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="233">microps</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="70504B30FF9B3F106683FB6BAD7DFA91" author="Chatterton, B. D. E. &amp; Johnson, B. D. &amp; Campbell, K. S. W." box="[140,531,1261,1283]" pageId="18" pageNumber="233" pagination="799 - 837" refId="ref29291" refString="Chatterton, B. D. E. Johnson, B. D. and Campbell, K. S. W. 1979. Silicified Lower Devonian trilobites from New South Wales. Palaeontology 22: 799 - 837." type="journal article" year="1979">Chatterton, Johnson and Campbell, 1979</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
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species of
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<emphasis id="26B5EAD3FF9B3F1064BFFB6BAC6CFA91" box="[688,770,1261,1282]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="233">Kainops</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="70504B30FF9B3F106683FA8FAED1FA8D" author="Ramskold, L. &amp; Werdelin, L." box="[140,447,1289,1311]" pageId="18" pageNumber="233" pagination="29 - 74" refId="ref31399" refString="Ramskold, L. and Werdelin, L. 1991. The phylogeny and evolution of some phacopid trilobites. Cladistics 7: 29 - 74." type="journal article" year="1991">Ramsköld and Werdelin, 1991</bibRefCitation>
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), from the upper Lochkovian to lower Pragian of
<collectingRegion id="D605F823FF9B3F106736FAA0AE80FAAF" box="[313,494,1318,1340]" country="Australia" name="New South Wales" pageId="18" pageNumber="233">New South Wales</collectingRegion>
, but in that species S2 does not contain an apodemal pit and does not meet the axial furrow in all specimens. The relatively small eye of
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<emphasis id="26B5EAD3FF9B3F106421FAE6AD0DFAE6" box="[558,611,1376,1397]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="233">Ivops</emphasis>
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(the smallest of known Wenlock phacopids) is interpreted as an adaptation to a deep-water environment;see discussion in remarks on
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<emphasis id="26B5EAD3FF9B3F106480FA1EAFB8FA59" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="233">Berylacaste berylae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="3D8657A8FF9B3F1066D4FA33AE01FA59" box="[219,367,1461,1482]" pageId="18" pageNumber="233" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<emphasis id="26B5EAD3FF9D3F166682FEDFAE79FEFC" bold="true" box="[141,279,345,367]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="235">Phacopidella</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="70504B30FF9D3F166712FEDCAEE1FEE3" author="Reed, F. R. C." box="[285,399,346,368]" pageId="20" pageNumber="235" pagination="224 - 228" refId="ref31454" refString="Reed, F. R. C. 1905. The classification of the Phacopidae. Geological Magazine 42, 172 - 178, 224 - 228." type="journal article" year="1905">Reed, 1905</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<materialsCitation id="A4A93C9CFF9D3F166682FE01AE17FE46" country="Czech Republic" location="Motol Formation" municipality="upper Wenlock" pageId="20" pageNumber="235" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="26B5EAD3FF9D3F166682FE01AE62FE08" box="[141,268,390,412]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="235">
<typeStatus id="CB7A8863FF9D3F166682FE01AFD0FE0F" box="[141,190,391,412]" pageId="20" pageNumber="235">Type</typeStatus>
species
</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="D3C14D42FF9D3F166718FE00AD06FE0F" authority="Barrande, 1846" authorityName="Barrande" authorityYear="1846" box="[279,616,390,412]" class="Trilobita" family="Phacopidae" genus="Phacops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phacopida" pageId="20" pageNumber="235" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="glockeri">
<emphasis id="26B5EAD3FF9D3F166718FE00AEA6FE08" box="[279,456,390,411]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="235">Phacops glockeri</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="70504B30FF9D3F1667C1FE00AD06FE0F" author="Barrande, J." box="[462,616,390,412]" pageId="20" pageNumber="235" refId="ref28892" refString="Barrande, J. 1846. Notice preliminaire sur le Systeme silurien et les trilobites de Boheme. C. L. Hirschfeld: Leipzig. vi + 97 pp." type="book" year="1846">Barrande, 1846</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
from the upper part of the
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(
<collectingMunicipality id="F41AACBBFF9D3F1667BCFE25AD21FE2A" box="[435,591,419,441]" pageId="20" pageNumber="235">upper Wenlock</collectingMunicipality>
),
<collectingCountry id="6CD67651FF9D3F166450FE25AC6EFE2A" box="[607,768,419,441]" name="Czech Republic" pageId="20" pageNumber="235">Czech Republic</collectingCountry>
, by original designation
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

View file

@ -0,0 +1,245 @@
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<taxonomicName id="D3C14D42FF9E3F156536F975ABE0F89B" ID-CoL="62GKX" authority="Curtis and Lane, 1998" authorityName="Curtis and Lane" authorityYear="1998" box="[825,1166,1779,1801]" class="Trilobita" family="Dalmanitidae" genus="Bessazoon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phacopida" pageId="23" pageNumber="238" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="26B5EAD3FF9E3F156536F975ACC9F89B" bold="true" box="[825,935,1779,1800]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="238">Bessazoon</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="70504B30FF9E3F1565A2F975ABE0F89B" author="Curtis, N. J. &amp; Lane, P. D." box="[941,1166,1779,1801]" pageId="23" pageNumber="238" pagination="51 - 101" refId="ref29505" refString="Curtis, N. J. and Lane, P. D. 1998. The Llandovery trilobites of England and Wales. Part 2. Monograph of the Palaeontographical Society London 152 (608): 51 - 101, pls 4 - 12." type="journal article" year="1998">Curtis and Lane, 1998</bibRefCitation>
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<materialsCitation id="A4A93C9CFF9E3F156536F8A6AA6EF8FC" country="United Kingdom" location="Hughley Shales" municipality="upper Llandovery" pageId="23" pageNumber="238" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Shropshire" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="26B5EAD3FF9E3F156536F8A6ACA0F8A6" box="[825,974,1824,1845]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="238">
<typeStatus id="CB7A8863FF9E3F156536F8A6AC07F8A6" box="[825,873,1824,1845]" pageId="23" pageNumber="238">Type</typeStatus>
species.
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="D3C14D42FF9E3F1565EDF899ACBCF8C2" authority="Whittard, 1938" authorityName="Whittard" authorityYear="1938" class="Trilobita" family="Dalmanitidae" genus="Dalmanites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phacopida" pageId="23" pageNumber="238" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="weaveri" variety="tenuimucronata">
<emphasis id="26B5EAD3FF9E3F1565EDF899ABD0F8A6" box="[994,1214,1823,1845]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="238">Dalmanites weaveri</emphasis>
var.
<emphasis id="26B5EAD3FF9E3F156301F8A6AADEF8A6" box="[1294,1456,1824,1845]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="238">tenuimucronata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="70504B30FF9E3F156536F8BAACBCF8C2" author="Whittard, W. F." box="[825,978,1852,1874]" pageId="23" pageNumber="238" pagination="85 - 140" refId="ref33225" refString="Whittard, W. F. 1938. The upper Valentian trilobite fauna of Shropshire. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 11, 1: 85 - 140." type="journal article" year="1938">Whittard, 1938</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
from the
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(
<collectingMunicipality id="F41AACBBFF9E3F1562D4F8BAAAE1F8C1" box="[1243,1423,1852,1874]" pageId="23" pageNumber="238">upper Llandovery</collectingMunicipality>
) of
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,
<collectingCountry id="6CD67651FF9E3F1565BBF8DFAB65F8FC" box="[948,1035,1881,1903]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="23" pageNumber="238">England</collectingCountry>
, by original designation
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
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Figure 13. AK,
<taxonomicName id="D3C14D42FF913F1A672EF938AD28F942" authority="Opik, 1953" authorityName="Opik" authorityYear="1953" box="[289,582,1726,1746]" class="Trilobita" family="Dalmanitidae" genus="Dalmanites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phacopida" pageId="24" pageNumber="239" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="athamas">
<emphasis id="26B5EAD3FF913F1A672EF938AEB5F942" box="[289,475,1726,1745]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="239">Dalmanites athamas</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="70504B30FF913F1A67EEF938AD28F942" author="Opik, A. A." box="[481,582,1726,1746]" pageId="24" pageNumber="239" pagination="1 - 42" refId="ref31184" refString="Opik, A. A. 1953. Lower Silurian fossils from the ʻ Illaenus Bandʼ Heathcote, Victoria. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of Victoria 19: 1 - 42, pls 1 - 13." type="journal article" year="1953">Öpik, 1953</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. A, NMV P138215, thoracopygon, × 1.5, from the ʻ
<taxonomicName id="D3C14D42FF913F1A6206F938AB3CF942" authorityName="Dalman" authorityYear="1827" box="[1033,1106,1726,1745]" class="Trilobita" family="Illaenidae" genus="Illaenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Corynexochida" pageId="24" pageNumber="239" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="26B5EAD3FF913F1A6206F938AB3CF942" box="[1033,1106,1726,1745]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="239">Illaenus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
bandʼ, Costerfield. B, NMV P138219, pygidium, × 3.5, from PL2269, Costerfield. C, paratype NMV P52485, cranidium, × 2, from PL2262, Costerfield. D, G, NMV P138217, pygidium, × 2, from PL389, Costerfield. E, paratype NMV P52486, cranidium, × 2, from PL2269, Costerfield. F, NMV P138218 pygidium, × 2, from PL2269, Costerfield. H, holotype NMV P52484, pygidium, × 1.5, from PL2262, Costerfield. I, NMV P138223, thorax, enlargement showing granulation, from PL2269, Costerfield. J, NMV P139805, teratological pygidium, × 2, from PL386, Costerfield. K, NMV P52482, incomplete fixigena, holotype of ʻ
<taxonomicName id="D3C14D42FF913F1A669DF8C7AD05F8C7" authority="ʼ Opik, 1953" authorityName="ʼ Opik" authorityYear="1953" box="[146,619,1856,1876]" class="Trilobita" family="Dalmanitidae" genus="Dalmanitina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phacopida" pageId="24" pageNumber="239" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aborigenum" subGenus="Eudolatites">
<emphasis id="26B5EAD3FF913F1A669DF8C7AE6BF8C7" box="[146,261,1857,1876]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="239">Dalmanitina</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="26B5EAD3FF913F1A671CF8C7AE17F8C7" box="[275,377,1857,1876]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="239">Eudolatites</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="26B5EAD3FF913F1A6786F8C7AE9AF8C7" box="[393,500,1857,1876]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="239">aborigenum</emphasis>
ʼ
<bibRefCitation id="70504B30FF913F1A640BF8C6AD05F8C7" author="Opik, A. A." box="[516,619,1856,1876]" pageId="24" pageNumber="239" pagination="1 - 42" refId="ref31184" refString="Opik, A. A. 1953. Lower Silurian fossils from the ʻ Illaenus Bandʼ Heathcote, Victoria. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of Victoria 19: 1 - 42, pls 1 - 13." type="journal article" year="1953">Öpik, 1953</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, × 2, from PL2269, Costerfield. L,
<taxonomicName id="D3C14D42FF913F1A65BBF8C7AB53F8C7" box="[948,1085,1857,1876]" class="Trilobita" family="Dalmanitidae" genus="Struveria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phacopida" pageId="24" pageNumber="239" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undefined-2">
<emphasis id="26B5EAD3FF913F1A65BBF8C7AB66F8C7" box="[948,1032,1857,1876]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="239">Struveria</emphasis>
sp. 2
</taxonomicName>
, NMV P52483, pygidium, paratype of ʻ
<taxonomicName id="D3C14D42FF913F1A669DF8DDAD31F8FD" authority="ʼ Opik, 1953" authorityName="ʼ Opik" authorityYear="1953" box="[146,607,1883,1903]" class="Trilobita" family="Dalmanitidae" genus="Dalmanitina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phacopida" pageId="24" pageNumber="239" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aborigenum" subGenus="Eudolatites">
<emphasis id="26B5EAD3FF913F1A669DF8DDAE6BF8FD" box="[146,261,1883,1902]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="239">Dalmanitina</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="26B5EAD3FF913F1A671FF8DDAE18F8FD" box="[272,374,1883,1902]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="239">Eudolatites</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="26B5EAD3FF913F1A678CF8DDAE80F8FD" box="[387,494,1883,1902]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="239">aborigenum</emphasis>
ʼ
<bibRefCitation id="70504B30FF913F1A67F4F8DDAD31F8FD" author="Opik, A. A." box="[507,607,1883,1903]" pageId="24" pageNumber="239" pagination="1 - 42" refId="ref31184" refString="Opik, A. A. 1953. Lower Silurian fossils from the ʻ Illaenus Bandʼ Heathcote, Victoria. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of Victoria 19: 1 - 42, pls 1 - 13." type="journal article" year="1953">Öpik, 1953</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, × 3, from PL2269, Costerfield. (B, D are latex casts)
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="147E36C1FF903F1B6685FF63AD2EFA65" blockId="25.[138,770,229,1903]" pageId="25" pageNumber="240">
<emphasis id="26B5EAD3FF903F1B6685FF63AF8DFF69" box="[138,227,229,250]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="240">Remarks</emphasis>
. Of the characters regarded by
<bibRefCitation id="70504B30FF903F1B6414FF63AFC5FE8B" author="Curtis, N. J. &amp; Lane, P. D." pageId="25" pageNumber="240" pagination="51 - 101" refId="ref29505" refString="Curtis, N. J. and Lane, P. D. 1998. The Llandovery trilobites of England and Wales. Part 2. Monograph of the Palaeontographical Society London 152 (608): 51 - 101, pls 4 - 12." type="journal article" year="1998">Curtis and Lane (1998: 62)</bibRefCitation>
as diagnostic of
<taxonomicName id="D3C14D42FF903F1B6760FE85AF98FEA7" authority=", Chatterton and Ludvigsen (2004: 47)" authorityName=", Chatterton and Ludvigsen" authorityPageNumber="47" authorityYear="2004" class="Trilobita" family="Dalmanitidae" genus="Bessazoon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phacopida" pageId="25" pageNumber="240" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="26B5EAD3FF903F1B6760FE85AEB4FE8B" box="[367,474,259,280]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="240">Bessazoon</emphasis>
,
<bibRefCitation id="70504B30FF903F1B67E2FE84AF98FEA7" author="Chatterton, B. D. E. &amp; Ludvigsen, R." pageId="25" pageNumber="240" pagination="1 - 264" refId="ref29332" refString="Chatterton, B. D. E. and Ludvigsen, R. 2004. Early Silurian trilobites of Anticosti Island, Quebec, Canada. Palaeontographica Canadiana 22: 1 - 264." type="journal article" year="2004">Chatterton and Ludvigsen (2004: 47)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
questioned the taxonomic value of the size of the eyes and the loss of the pygidial mucro in large specimens. In the
<typeStatus id="CB7A8863FF903F1B66BBFEDCAF8EFEFC" box="[180,224,346,367]" pageId="25" pageNumber="240">type</typeStatus>
species and
<taxonomicName id="D3C14D42FF903F1B677FFEDCAFADFE18" authority="(Holloway and Sandford, 1993)" baseAuthorityName="Holloway and Sandford" baseAuthorityYear="1993" class="Trilobita" family="Dalmanitidae" genus="Bessazoon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phacopida" pageId="25" pageNumber="240" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tigerense">
<emphasis id="26B5EAD3FF903F1B677FFEDCAE83FEFC" box="[368,493,346,367]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="240">B. tigerense</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="70504B30FF903F1B640FFEDFAFD2FE18" author="Holloway, D. J. &amp; Sandford, A. C." pageId="25" pageNumber="240" pagination="85 - 102" refId="ref30463" refString="Holloway, D. J. and Sandford, A. C. 1993. An early Silurian trilobite fauna from Tasmania. Memoirs of the Association of Australasian Palaeontologists 15: 85 - 102." type="journal article" year="1993">Holloway and Sandford, 1993</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
the eyes are very large and occupy almost the entire length of the genal field, but in Curtis and Laneʼs species
<taxonomicName id="D3C14D42FF903F1B64E4FE12AE4FFE56" class="Trilobita" family="Dalmanitidae" genus="Bessazoon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phacopida" pageId="25" pageNumber="240" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="buttingtonense">
<emphasis id="26B5EAD3FF903F1B64E4FE12AE4FFE56" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="240">B. buttingtonense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and the cephalon they illustrated as
<emphasis id="26B5EAD3FF903F1B64A6FE37ADD1FE55" box="[681,703,433,454]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="240">B.</emphasis>
cf.
<taxonomicName id="D3C14D42FF903F1B64E4FE37AE51FE70" class="Trilobita" family="Dalmanitidae" genus="Bessazoon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phacopida" pageId="25" pageNumber="240" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tenuimucronatum">
<emphasis id="26B5EAD3FF903F1B64E4FE37AE51FE70" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="240">B. tenuimucronatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(their pl. 9, fig. 1) the eyes are smaller and do not extend very close to the border furrows anteriorly and/or posteriorly. In regard to the loss of the mucro, Curtis and Lane illustrated three pygidia assigned to
<taxonomicName id="D3C14D42FF903F1B67F4FDA3ADA3FDA9" box="[507,717,549,570]" class="Trilobita" family="Dalmanitidae" genus="Bessazoon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phacopida" pageId="25" pageNumber="240" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tenuimucronatum">
<emphasis id="26B5EAD3FF903F1B67F4FDA3ADA3FDA9" box="[507,717,549,570]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="240">B. tenuimucronatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with the posterior termination preserved. Two of these (Curtis and Laneʼs pl. 8, figs 6, 8) have a mucro, that on the larger specimen being considerably shorter than the one on the smaller specimen. The third pygidium, which is very much larger that the others (Curtis and Laneʼs ʻtype 2ʼ pygidium, pl. 8, fig. 2), does not have ʻa shorter mucral spineʼ as stated by
<bibRefCitation id="70504B30FF903F1B646CFD54AE20FC97" author="Chatterton, B. D. E. &amp; Ludvigsen, R." pageId="25" pageNumber="240" pagination="1 - 264" refId="ref29332" refString="Chatterton, B. D. E. and Ludvigsen, R. 2004. Early Silurian trilobites of Anticosti Island, Quebec, Canada. Palaeontographica Canadiana 22: 1 - 264." type="journal article" year="2004">Chatterton and Ludvigsen (2004)</bibRefCitation>
but an embayment in the margin posteromedially. Because of this difference, as well as the differences in size and the much greater number of axial rings and pleural furrows, it is not possible to be confident that this pygidium is correctly assigned to
<taxonomicName id="D3C14D42FF903F1B6412FCE5AD94FCEB" box="[541,762,867,888]" class="Trilobita" family="Dalmanitidae" genus="Bessazoon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phacopida" pageId="25" pageNumber="240" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tenuimucronatum">
<emphasis id="26B5EAD3FF903F1B6412FCE5AD94FCEB" box="[541,762,867,888]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="240">B. tenuimucronatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. However, we note that it has a distinctive pleural structure in which the posterior bands expand distally and the anterior bands are pinched out, and that this structure appears to be shared by the smaller pygidium in pl. 8, fig. 6 (the structure is not clear in the third pygidium as the dorsal surface is broken away distally to reveal the doublure). Although we believe that these pygidia are correctly assigned to the
<taxonomicName id="D3C14D42FF903F1B6434FBA8ADA9FBD7" authorityName="Vodges" authorityYear="1890" box="[571,711,1070,1092]" class="Trilobita" family="Dalmanitidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phacopida" pageId="25" pageNumber="240" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Dalmanitidae</taxonomicName>
, their pleural structure is unusual for Silurian and Devonian representatives of the family, in most of which it is the anterior rather than the posterior pleural band that is dominant distally (
<bibRefCitation id="70504B30FF903F1B669EFB24AE0CFB24" author="Holloway, D. J." box="[145,354,1186,1208]" pageId="25" pageNumber="240" pagination="695 - 731" refId="ref30324" refString="Holloway, D. J. 1981. Silurian dalmanitacean trilobites from North America and the origins of the Dalmanitinae and Synphoriinae. Palaeontology 24: 695 - 731." type="journal article" year="1981">Holloway, 1981: 710</bibRefCitation>
), as is also the case in
<taxonomicName id="D3C14D42FF903F1B6442FB24AC6FFB24" box="[589,769,1186,1207]" class="Trilobita" family="Dalmanitidae" genus="Bessazoon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phacopida" pageId="25" pageNumber="240" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="buttingtonense">
<emphasis id="26B5EAD3FF903F1B6442FB24AC6FFB24" box="[589,769,1186,1207]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="240">B. buttingtonense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="70504B30FF903F1B669EFB38AE01FB47" author="Curtis, N. J. &amp; Lane, P. D." box="[145,367,1214,1236]" pageId="25" pageNumber="240" pagination="51 - 101" refId="ref29505" refString="Curtis, N. J. and Lane, P. D. 1998. The Llandovery trilobites of England and Wales. Part 2. Monograph of the Palaeontographical Society London 152 (608): 51 - 101, pls 4 - 12." type="journal article" year="1998">Curtis and Lane, 1998</bibRefCitation>
, pl. 9, figs 2, 4, 7),
<taxonomicName id="D3C14D42FF903F1B6412FB39ADFDFB47" baseAuthorityName="Holloway and Sandford" baseAuthorityYear="1993" box="[541,659,1215,1236]" class="Trilobita" family="Dalmanitidae" genus="Bessazoon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phacopida" pageId="25" pageNumber="240" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tigerense">
<emphasis id="26B5EAD3FF903F1B6412FB39ADFDFB47" box="[541,659,1215,1236]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="240">B. tigerense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="70504B30FF903F1B6492FB38AE3BFB62" author="Holloway, D. J. &amp; Sandford, A. C." pageId="25" pageNumber="240" pagination="85 - 102" refId="ref30463" refString="Holloway, D. J. and Sandford, A. C. 1993. An early Silurian trilobite fauna from Tasmania. Memoirs of the Association of Australasian Palaeontologists 15: 85 - 102." type="journal article" year="1993">Holloway and Sandford, 1993</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 6) and in the unnamed species from
<collectingRegion id="D605F823FF903F1B6685FB7EAFB2FA9D" box="[138,220,1272,1294]" country="Australia" name="Victoria" pageId="25" pageNumber="240">Victoria</collectingRegion>
described below. The only pygidium of
<taxonomicName id="D3C14D42FF903F1B64E4FB7FAE4FFAB9" class="Trilobita" family="Dalmanitidae" genus="Bessazoon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phacopida" pageId="25" pageNumber="240" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="buttingtonense">
<emphasis id="26B5EAD3FF903F1B64E4FB7FAE4FFAB9" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="240">B. buttingtonense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with the posterior termination preserved (Curtis and Lane, pl. 9, fig. 2a, b) is of about the same size as the ʻtype 2ʼ pygidium of
<taxonomicName id="D3C14D42FF903F1B6722FAD6AD6FFAF6" box="[301,513,1360,1381]" class="Trilobita" family="Dalmanitidae" genus="Bessazoon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phacopida" pageId="25" pageNumber="240" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tenuimucronatum">
<emphasis id="26B5EAD3FF903F1B6722FAD6AD6FFAF6" box="[301,513,1360,1381]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="240">B. tenuimucronatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but has neither a mucro nor a posteromedian embayment; instead the margin is rather truncated in dorsal view and arched upwards in posterior view. There is no evidence that the mucro is lost in
<taxonomicName id="D3C14D42FF903F1B646FFA21ADB7FA2F" baseAuthorityName="Holloway and Sandford" baseAuthorityYear="1993" box="[608,729,1447,1468]" class="Trilobita" family="Dalmanitidae" genus="Bessazoon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phacopida" pageId="25" pageNumber="240" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tigerense">
<emphasis id="26B5EAD3FF903F1B646FFA21ADB7FA2F" box="[608,729,1447,1468]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="240">B. tigerense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but all known pygidia are smaller than that of
<taxonomicName id="D3C14D42FF903F1B6431FA45ADBBFA4B" box="[574,725,1475,1496]" class="Trilobita" family="Dalmanitidae" genus="Bessazoon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phacopida" pageId="25" pageNumber="240" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="buttingtonense">
<emphasis id="26B5EAD3FF903F1B6431FA45ADBBFA4B" box="[574,725,1475,1496]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="240">buttingtonense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and the ʻtype 2ʼ pygidium of
<taxonomicName id="D3C14D42FF903F1B678AFA67AD54FA65" box="[389,570,1505,1526]" class="Trilobita" family="Dalmanitidae" genus="Bessazoon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phacopida" pageId="25" pageNumber="240" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tenuimucronatum">
<emphasis id="26B5EAD3FF903F1B678AFA67AD54FA65" box="[389,570,1505,1526]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="240">tenuimucronatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="147E36C1FF903F1B66BFFA7BAA21FDAF" blockId="25.[138,770,229,1903]" lastBlockId="25.[806,1437,229,572]" pageId="25" pageNumber="240">
Some of the other characters listed by Curtis and Lane as diagnostic of
<taxonomicName id="D3C14D42FF903F1B672AF99DAEFFF9A3" authorityName=", Chatterton and Ludvigsen" authorityYear="2004" box="[293,401,1563,1584]" class="Trilobita" family="Dalmanitidae" genus="Bessazoon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phacopida" pageId="25" pageNumber="240" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="26B5EAD3FF903F1B672AF99DAEFFF9A3" box="[293,401,1563,1584]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="240">Bessazoon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
cannot in our view be used to distinguish
<taxonomicName id="D3C14D42FF903F1B670EF9BEAE03F9DE" authorityName=", Chatterton and Ludvigsen" authorityYear="2004" box="[257,365,1592,1613]" class="Trilobita" family="Dalmanitidae" genus="Bessazoon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phacopida" pageId="25" pageNumber="240" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="26B5EAD3FF903F1B670EF9BEAE03F9DE" box="[257,365,1592,1613]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="240">Bessazoon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
either. The size of the palpebral area is determined by the size of the eye, and thus in comparison with other Silurian and Devonian dalmanitids is not particularly large in
<taxonomicName id="D3C14D42FF903F1B66D1F909AEFCF930" box="[222,402,1678,1700]" class="Trilobita" family="Dalmanitidae" genus="Bessazoon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phacopida" pageId="25" pageNumber="240" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="buttingtonense">
<emphasis id="26B5EAD3FF903F1B66D1F909AEFCF930" box="[222,402,1678,1700]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="240">B. buttingtonense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<emphasis id="26B5EAD3FF903F1B67CBF909AEB4F937" box="[452,474,1679,1700]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="240">B.</emphasis>
cf.
<taxonomicName id="D3C14D42FF903F1B640FF909ADBCF937" box="[512,722,1679,1700]" class="Trilobita" family="Dalmanitidae" genus="Bessazoon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phacopida" pageId="25" pageNumber="240" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tenuimucronatum">
<emphasis id="26B5EAD3FF903F1B640FF909AD61F937" box="[512,527,1679,1700]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="240">B</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="26B5EAD3FF903F1B6414F909ADBCF937" box="[539,722,1679,1700]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="240">tenuimucronatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. We can see no difference from
<taxonomicName id="D3C14D42FF903F1B67CDF92DAD54F953" authorityName="Barrande" authorityYear="1852" box="[450,570,1707,1728]" class="Trilobita" family="Dalmanitidae" genus="Dalmanites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phacopida" pageId="25" pageNumber="240" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="26B5EAD3FF903F1B67CDF92DAD54F953" box="[450,570,1707,1728]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="240">Dalmanites</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and other closely related genera in the form of the palpebral lobe, which rises steeply from the palpebral furrow and becomes flat towards the outer margin. Finally, a posterior cephalic border furrow that fails to meet the lateral border furrow distally, an epiborder furrow on the lateral cephalic borders and genal spine, and a straight-sided pygidial axis are not unusual features for dalmanitids but are present in most Silurian and Devonian representatives. The discrimination and composition of
<taxonomicName id="D3C14D42FF903F1B6529FEA6ACFCFEA6" authorityName=", Chatterton and Ludvigsen" authorityYear="2004" box="[806,914,288,309]" class="Trilobita" family="Dalmanitidae" genus="Bessazoon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phacopida" pageId="25" pageNumber="240" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="26B5EAD3FF903F1B6529FEA6ACFCFEA6" box="[806,914,288,309]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="240">Bessazoon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are in need of review, but in the meantime we apply the name here to dalmanitids differing from species commonly assigned to
<taxonomicName id="D3C14D42FF903F1B6591FEDCAB78FEFC" authorityName="Barrande" authorityYear="1852" box="[926,1046,346,367]" class="Trilobita" family="Dalmanitidae" genus="Dalmanites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phacopida" pageId="25" pageNumber="240" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="26B5EAD3FF903F1B6591FEDCAB78FEFC" box="[926,1046,346,367]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="240">Dalmanites</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(e.g. see
<bibRefCitation id="70504B30FF903F1B627CFEDCAA74FEE3" author="Ramskold, L." box="[1139,1306,346,368]" pageId="25" pageNumber="240" pagination="1 - 62" refId="ref31314" refString="Ramskold, L. 1985. Silurian phacopid and dalmanitid trilobites from Gotland. Stockholm Contributions in Geolog y 40: 1 - 62." type="journal article" year="1985">Ramsköld, 1985</bibRefCitation>
) in lacking a well-developed anterior cephalic process (although in
<taxonomicName id="D3C14D42FF903F1B6388FEFEACB3FE39" class="Trilobita" family="Dalmanitidae" genus="Bessazoon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phacopida" pageId="25" pageNumber="240" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tenuimucronatum">
<emphasis id="26B5EAD3FF903F1B6388FEFEACB3FE39" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="240">B. tenuimucronatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the cephalic margin is deflected slightly forwards medially) and tubercles on the glabella, and in having a pygidium with a curved posterolateral outline, a slender, narrow-based mucro merging anteriorly with a strong postaxial ridge, and a very wide doublure extending adaxially beyond the distal ends of the pleural and interpleural furrows.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<mods:url id="4C4408DA665EA97AB312E820655C2C5B">https://museumsvictoria.com.au/collections-research/journals/memoirs-of-museum-victoria/volume-63-issue-2-2006/pages-215-255/</mods:url>
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<taxonomicName id="D3C14D42FFAB3F206525FEBBACCBFEC0" authorityName="Sandford &amp; Holloway" authorityYear="2006" box="[810,933,317,339]" class="Trilobita" family="Acastidae" genus="Berylacaste" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phacopida" pageId="34" pageNumber="249" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="26B5EAD3FFAB3F206525FEBBACCBFEC0" bold="true" box="[810,933,317,339]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="249">Berylacaste</emphasis>
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species
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.
<taxonomicName id="D3C14D42FFAB3F2065BAFEEFABEFFEED" authorityName="Sandford &amp; Holloway" authorityYear="2006" box="[949,1153,361,382]" class="Trilobita" family="Acastidae" genus="Berylacaste" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phacopida" pageId="34" pageNumber="249" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="berylae" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="26B5EAD3FFAB3F2065BAFEEFABEFFEED" box="[949,1153,361,382]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="249">Berylacaste berylae</emphasis>
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