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<document id="A886E1320CDA6ED5DA2DE29A6B33760E" ID-CLB-Dataset="298900" ID-DOI="10.1643/ci-18-055" ID-GBIF-Dataset="4919bfd6-3d35-48b9-9421-c852fa35abab" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12536069" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="julia" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="julia" IM.metadata_approvedBy="julia" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="julia" IM.treatments_approvedBy="julia" checkinTime="1719340789171" checkinUser="julia" docAuthor="Ma, Ka Yan & Craig, Matthew T." docDate="2018" docId="03FEC024E120DF3BFCB83E646F84FA41" docLanguage="en" docName="copeia.106.3.443-456.pdf" docOrigin="Copeia 106 (3)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1643/ci-18-055" docTitle="Hyporthodus Gill 1861" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="449" masterDocId="FFC7B85CE126DF33FFE33B236D19FFA4" masterDocTitle="An Inconvenient Monophyly: An Update on the Taxonomy of the Groupers (Epinephelidae)" masterLastPageNumber="456" masterPageNumber="443" pageNumber="449" updateTime="1719854615312" updateUser="julia">
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<mods:titleInfo id="C9B2642F20645F92495E8A4F9445A854">
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<mods:title id="B9DE219414D77D12715F69D240C8B829">An Inconvenient Monophyly: An Update on the Taxonomy of the Groupers (Epinephelidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="9E81504E38299F9843377641BD363351" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="32B407841C45866221AB4ABCE013F4CA">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="21D6A38C443D7CDB86579D3C4ABC45E6">Ma, Ka Yan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="D2FDBE018782847C1F48A1376D33D09B">Simon F. S. Li Marine Science Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, 999077, Hong Kong SAR.</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="3118CFC543C86FDF6F6E305E06940803">Craig, Matthew T.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="E71D68508B0C602FB26B9EC05D9B5A6E">2 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, 8901 La Jolla Shores Drive, La Jolla, California 92037</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="A20CA74271EA3FA21D318EAE78FB1C5D" type="email">matthew.craig@noaa.gov.</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="591F78F17ED136FC029B4F084D2AFD40">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="92752F13C13C66E3E7281B56B662D7BE">Copeia</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="0876AB3EA1E0401B2C347F0AD95ABEA1">
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<mods:date id="3635993711DAFDCC45C18A2EB6F7E6EB">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="A04EF7499EDD3959DB8A7025492D70F3" type="pubDate">
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<mods:number id="35A52D1B3022A21FCD450EEB9BCF75CA">2018-10-31</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="67E0962F5BABD841E855C2EE1685CE56">106</mods:number>
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<mods:location id="D953A47351BEDF90F5DFB82DD2F46B9D">
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<mods:url id="2638EC643148273AB307EE06E8F62027">http://dx.doi.org/10.1643/ci-18-055</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="710DD3F8478EA78BB8761848BFF88832">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="20B49383585EB03AB694ADCF0A8AB945" type="CLB-Dataset">298900</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="68AF459C85C4210FE1011381D4680981" type="DOI">10.1643/ci-18-055</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03FEC024E120DF3BFCB83E646F84FA41" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12536319" ID-GBIF-Taxon="233767948" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12536319" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FEC024E120DF3BFCB83E646F84FA41" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FEC024E120DF3BFCB83E646F84FA41" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="449" pageId="6" pageNumber="449">
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<emphasis id="B923AD20E120DF35FCB83E646918FAFA" bold="true" box="[859,1025,1351,1374]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="449">
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||||
<subSubSection id="C34D22B9E120DF35FCB83E646EF3FAFA" box="[859,1002,1351,1374]" pageId="6" pageNumber="449" type="nomenclature">
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||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E120DF35FCB83E646EF3FAFA" blockId="6.[859,1530,1351,2024]" box="[859,1002,1351,1374]" pageId="6" pageNumber="449">
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<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E120DF35FCB83E646EFFFAFA" ID-CoL="52W8" ID-ENA="1208316" authority="Gill, 1861" authorityName="Gill" authorityYear="1861" box="[859,998,1351,1374]" family="Epinephelidae" genus="Hyporthodus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="449" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Hyporthodus</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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||||
</subSubSection>
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||||
<subSubSection id="C34D22B9E120DF3BFC093E646F84FA41" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="451" pageId="6" pageNumber="449" type="discussion">
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||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E120DF35FC093E6469FDF808" blockId="6.[859,1530,1351,2024]" pageId="6" pageNumber="449">
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||||
—The genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E120DF35FB983E6469E4FAF9" authorityName="Gill" authorityYear="1861" box="[1147,1277,1351,1373]" family="Serranidae" genus="Hyporthodus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="449" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E120DF35FB983E6469E4FAF9" box="[1147,1277,1351,1373]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="449">Hyporthodus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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was resurrected for 14 species (
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<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E120DF35FC553E456956FADF" authorityName="* Randall & Heemstra" authorityYear="1991" box="[950,1103,1381,1403]" family="Serranidae" genus="Hyporthodus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="449" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="darwinensis">
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<emphasis id="B923AD20E120DF35FC553E456956FADF" box="[950,1103,1381,1403]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="449">H. darwinensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E120DF35FBBE3E4569CEFADF" baseAuthorityName="Ben-Tuvia" baseAuthorityYear="1953" box="[1117,1239,1381,1403]" family="Serranidae" genus="Hyporthodus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="449" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="haifensis">
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<emphasis id="B923AD20E120DF35FBBE3E4569CEFADF" box="[1117,1239,1381,1403]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="449">H. haifensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E120DF35FAF63E45688AFADF" authorityName="* (Randall, Hoese & Last" authorityYear="1991" box="[1301,1427,1381,1403]" family="Serranidae" genus="Hyporthodus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="449" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="perplexus">
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<emphasis id="B923AD20E120DF35FAF63E45688AFADF" box="[1301,1427,1381,1403]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="449">H. perplexus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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included
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<emphasis id="B923AD20E120DF35FCB83EA06EFAFA3C" box="[859,995,1410,1432]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="449">incertae sedis</emphasis>
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) of deep-bodied groupers that were recovered as monophyletic in Craig and Hastings (2007). It is characterized by having a deeper body, drab brown or olive coloration with or without dark bars on body, pelvic fins that insert immediately below or in front of the pectoral insertion, and an elongate, triangular foramen formed by the articulation between the cleithrum and the coracoids (circular foramen in
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<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E120DF35FCB83D726ECCF9C3" authorityName="Bloch" authorityYear="1793" box="[859,981,1617,1639]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="449" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E120DF35FCB83D726ECCF9C3" box="[859,981,1617,1639]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="449">Epinephelus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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; Craig, 2005). Our analysis included all species of
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<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E120DF35FCB83D4C6EC4F921" authorityName="Gill" authorityYear="1861" box="[859,989,1647,1669]" family="Serranidae" genus="Hyporthodus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="449" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B923AD20E120DF35FCB83D4C6EC4F921" box="[859,989,1647,1669]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="449">Hyporthodus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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with the exception of
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<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E120DF35FB183D536882F921" authorityName="* Randall & Heemstra" authorityYear="1991" box="[1275,1435,1647,1669]" family="Serranidae" genus="Hyporthodus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="449" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="darwinensis">
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<emphasis id="B923AD20E120DF35FB183D536882F921" box="[1275,1435,1647,1669]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="449">H. darwinensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E120DF35FA033D536EA3F906" authorityName="* (Randall, Hoese & Last" authorityYear="1991" family="Serranidae" genus="Hyporthodus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="449" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="perplexus">
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<emphasis id="B923AD20E120DF35FA033D536EA3F906" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="449">H. perplexus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, two species which are only known from the type series, and was monophyletic with the inclusion of
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<emphasis id="B923AD20E120DF35FA073D886808F979" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="449">
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<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E120DF35FA073D886EA4F979" baseAuthorityName="Castelnau" baseAuthorityYear="1861" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="449" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chabaudi">E. chabaudi</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E120DF35FC293DEB6953F979" authorityName="Lavenberg & Grove" authorityYear="1993" box="[970,1098,1735,1757]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="449" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cifuentesi">E. cifuentesi</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E120DF35FBB53DEB6808F979" authorityName="Goode & Bean" authorityYear="1878" box="[1110,1297,1735,1757]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="449" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="drummondhayi">E. drummondhayi</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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, and the monotypic
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<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E120DF35FCB83DC5690BF95F" baseAuthorityName="Temminck & Schlegel" baseAuthorityYear="1842" box="[859,1042,1765,1787]" family="Serranidae" genus="Triso" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="449" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dermopterus">
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<emphasis id="B923AD20E120DF35FCB83DC5690BF95F" box="[859,1042,1765,1787]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="449">Triso dermopterus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E120DF35FBC23DC6681BF95F" baseAuthorityName="Castelnau" baseAuthorityYear="1861" box="[1057,1282,1765,1787]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="449" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chabaudi">
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<emphasis id="B923AD20E120DF35FBC23DC6681BF95F" box="[1057,1282,1765,1787]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="449">Epinephelus chabaudi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E120DF35FAD83DC568AEF95F" authorityName="Lavenberg & Grove" authorityYear="1993" box="[1339,1463,1765,1787]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="449" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cifuentesi">
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<emphasis id="B923AD20E120DF35FAD83DC568AEF95F" box="[1339,1463,1765,1787]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="449">E. cifuentesi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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share the characteristic deep body, pelvic fin insertion, and drab coloration of species of
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<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E120DF35FB813C0369FDF892" authorityName="Gill" authorityYear="1861" box="[1122,1252,1824,1846]" family="Serranidae" genus="Hyporthodus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="449" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B923AD20E120DF35FB813C0369FDF892" box="[1122,1252,1824,1846]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="449">Hyporthodus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and are clearly members of
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<emphasis id="B923AD20E120DF35FC9B3C1E6832F8F7" box="[888,1323,1853,1875]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="449">
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<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E120DF35FC9B3C1E6EE7F8F7" authorityName="Gill" authorityYear="1861" box="[888,1022,1853,1875]" family="Serranidae" genus="Hyporthodus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="449" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Hyporthodus</taxonomicName>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E120DF35FBE53C1E6831F8F7" authorityName="Goode & Bean" authorityYear="1878" box="[1030,1320,1853,1875]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="449" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="drummondhayi">Epinephelus drummondhayi</taxonomicName>
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,
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</emphasis>
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however, does not share these characteristics and its placement within
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<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E120DF35FA573C7F6EB9F82A" authorityName="Gill" authorityYear="1861" family="Serranidae" genus="Hyporthodus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="449" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B923AD20E120DF35FA573C7F6EB9F82A" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="449">Hyporthodus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is uncertain. We provisionally place
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<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E120DF35FADD3C5968E0F82A" authorityName="Goode & Bean" authorityYear="1878" box="[1342,1529,1912,1935]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="449" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="drummondhayi">
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<emphasis id="B923AD20E120DF35FADD3C5968E0F82A" box="[1342,1529,1912,1935]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="449">E. drummondhayi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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as
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<emphasis id="B923AD20E120DF35FC9A3CB46918F808" box="[889,1025,1942,1964]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="449">incertae sedis</emphasis>
|
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within
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<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E120DF35FBB83CB569C4F808" authorityName="Gill" authorityYear="1861" box="[1115,1245,1942,1964]" family="Serranidae" genus="Hyporthodus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="449" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B923AD20E120DF35FBB83CB569C4F808" box="[1115,1245,1942,1964]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="449">Hyporthodus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE87132E120DF3BFC903C976F84FA41" blockId="6.[859,1530,1351,2024]" lastBlockId="8.[142,812,1395,1509]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="451" pageId="6" pageNumber="449">
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The inclusion of the monotypic
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<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E120DF35FB083C9668BDF86E" baseAuthorityName="Temminck & Schlegel" baseAuthorityYear="1842" box="[1259,1444,1972,1994]" family="Serranidae" genus="Triso" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="449" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dermopterus">
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<emphasis id="B923AD20E120DF35FB083C9668BDF86E" box="[1259,1444,1972,1994]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="449">Triso dermopterus</emphasis>
|
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</taxonomicName>
|
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in this clade was somewhat surprising as it has some particularly distinct morphological features that distinguish it from
|
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<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E121DF34FF843CAF6DF0F806" authorityName="Gill" authorityYear="1861" box="[103,233,1932,1954]" family="Serranidae" genus="Hyporthodus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="450" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E121DF34FF843CAF6DF0F806" box="[103,233,1932,1954]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="450">Hyporthodus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. Randall et al. (1989) suggested that
|
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<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E121DF34FD503CAE6FFFF806" authorityName="Randall, Johnson & Lowe" authorityYear="1989" box="[691,742,1933,1954]" family="Serranidae" genus="Triso" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="450" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E121DF34FD503CAE6FFFF806" box="[691,742,1933,1954]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="450">Triso</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is most closely related to species in the genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E121DF34FD953C8C6FFCF861" box="[630,741,1967,1989]" family="Serranidae" genus="Paranthias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="450" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E121DF34FD953C8C6FFCF861" box="[630,741,1967,1989]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="450">Paranthias</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, a logical conclusion as both
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E121DF34FE723CF26F19F843" box="[401,512,2001,2023]" family="Serranidae" genus="Paranthias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="450" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E121DF34FE723CF26F19F843" box="[401,512,2001,2023]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="450">Paranthias</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E121DF34FDD93CF16F74F843" authorityName="Randall, Johnson & Lowe" authorityYear="1989" box="[570,621,2002,2023]" family="Serranidae" genus="Triso" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="450" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E121DF34FDD93CF16F74F843" box="[570,621,2002,2023]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="450">Triso</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
share a semi-pelagic lifestyle and are similar in shape. However, as with
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E121DF34FCD73CAF6EBAF806" box="[820,931,1932,1954]" family="Serranidae" genus="Paranthias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="450" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E121DF34FCD73CAF6EBAF806" box="[820,931,1932,1954]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="450">Paranthias</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, it appears that
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E121DF34FB833CAE698AF806" authorityName="Randall, Johnson & Lowe" authorityYear="1989" box="[1120,1171,1933,1954]" family="Serranidae" genus="Triso" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="450" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E121DF34FB833CAE698AF806" box="[1120,1171,1933,1954]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="450">Triso</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is a second example within the groupers of an evolutionary transition from a bottomdwelling lifestyle to a more pelagic one and reflects remarkable convergent evolution. Our analysis also resolved a problematic relationship shown in Craig and Hastings (2007) and confirms the sister species relationship between the trans-isthmian
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12EDF3BFE873EF36CFFFA41" baseAuthorityName="Gilbert & Starks" baseAuthorityYear="1897" box="[356,486,1487,1509]" family="Serranidae" genus="Hyporthodus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="451" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="niphobles">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12EDF3BFE873EF36CFFFA41" box="[356,486,1487,1509]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="451">H. niphobles</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12EDF3BFDFC3EF36F8CFA41" baseAuthorityName="Valenciennes" baseAuthorityYear="1828" box="[543,661,1488,1509]" family="Serranidae" genus="Hyporthodus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="451" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="niveatus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12EDF3BFDFC3EF36F8CFA41" box="[543,661,1488,1509]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="451">H. niveatus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
213
data/03/FE/C0/03FEC024E123DF35FCD73E88684CFA83.xml
Normal file
213
data/03/FE/C0/03FEC024E123DF35FCD73E88684CFA83.xml
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,213 @@
|
|||
<document id="D4F438474283F69A5F44213BC5D020DA" ID-CLB-Dataset="298900" ID-DOI="10.1643/ci-18-055" ID-GBIF-Dataset="4919bfd6-3d35-48b9-9421-c852fa35abab" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12536069" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="julia" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="julia" IM.metadata_approvedBy="julia" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="julia" IM.treatments_approvedBy="julia" checkinTime="1719340789171" checkinUser="julia" docAuthor="Ma, Ka Yan & Craig, Matthew T." docDate="2018" docId="03FEC024E123DF35FCD73E88684CFA83" docLanguage="en" docName="copeia.106.3.443-456.pdf" docOrigin="Copeia 106 (3)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1643/ci-18-055" docTitle="Epinephelus Bloch 1793" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="449" masterDocId="FFC7B85CE126DF33FFE33B236D19FFA4" masterDocTitle="An Inconvenient Monophyly: An Update on the Taxonomy of the Groupers (Epinephelidae)" masterLastPageNumber="456" masterPageNumber="443" pageNumber="448" updateTime="1719854615312" updateUser="julia">
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<mods:titleInfo id="FE752321D914A817B400AD4B0D164B14">
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<mods:title id="F06DD49D24455A43B19AF2EE234E591C">An Inconvenient Monophyly: An Update on the Taxonomy of the Groupers (Epinephelidae)</mods:title>
|
||||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
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<mods:name id="4DC774B6A6B828F46627FDE2D4E33D39" type="personal">
|
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<mods:role id="8A880B48538BEB547BA9CFDA98E5D67C">
|
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<mods:roleTerm id="546CE88606E760861D2FC1F487F0A136">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="3FD3568FA7A0DD2A09448BA27E8FC111">Ma, Ka Yan</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation id="5E299804ED15BD6236E6D84B15BDFE93">Simon F. S. Li Marine Science Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, 999077, Hong Kong SAR.</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
|
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<mods:name id="829A79A0644666261458CFD49FF31DEB" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="0913BB21102A68FC2A809861EE800147">
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm id="AADE19F5AAA8ED64DAC78200A0225D1A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="4B60D6761CC7DB8B008E3F171F2A6112">Craig, Matthew T.</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation id="AED022B43DF164197ABD46BE42839CA1">2 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, 8901 La Jolla Shores Drive, La Jolla, California 92037</mods:affiliation>
|
||||
<mods:nameIdentifier id="BBDA08104B67692904F64059BA849259" type="email">matthew.craig@noaa.gov.</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
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<mods:typeOfResource id="408EF72BD234FCBB537C22280F58E17E">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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|
||||
<mods:title id="135890E4134A9925424FA949D3C11A06">Copeia</mods:title>
|
||||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:part id="E0278A474C1D871C3DBBE32E25C9AA0F">
|
||||
<mods:date id="E12417B899557B3174764304C1653979">2018</mods:date>
|
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<mods:detail id="760F96D32918E91C1CAB41DDE6E8A3C0" type="pubDate">
|
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<mods:number id="DE95141F51F9F2C890EF10E036FAB0DE">2018-10-31</mods:number>
|
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</mods:detail>
|
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<mods:detail id="79B7A9DDABD15C31800547FBDB95CADB" type="volume">
|
||||
<mods:number id="E15639F090924EED2BB8F36EE4B843E1">106</mods:number>
|
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</mods:detail>
|
||||
<mods:detail id="5A9A6CF373D8FC20B23F485D1B4B16B3" type="issue">
|
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<mods:number id="A3585EBCC16973F4A0CA6AB7A1EB97DB">3</mods:number>
|
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</mods:detail>
|
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<mods:extent id="5BA766BD1BF119EA792BD931389C61E1" unit="page">
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<mods:start id="2A3DF91FE697F58967BB4615DD9AE34D">443</mods:start>
|
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<mods:end id="4161B380FD46BF5021F1DE28D2C05965">456</mods:end>
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|
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<mods:location id="196F46A960C3F1EEC94C40F1C442AED7">
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<mods:url id="0D3C14B864EB5817B97BB80BEAB6A9BF">http://dx.doi.org/10.1643/ci-18-055</mods:url>
|
||||
</mods:location>
|
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<mods:classification id="03F40973A0B387895BF18D6A87A110BE">journal article</mods:classification>
|
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<mods:identifier id="7B2068E178BF7A13764FBAAC0901F317" type="CLB-Dataset">298900</mods:identifier>
|
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<mods:identifier id="12F50E519EB3FDACEC478DDA759A0BF5" type="DOI">10.1643/ci-18-055</mods:identifier>
|
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<mods:identifier id="362BDC5F489204F598EA4A4280EE4D64" type="GBIF-Dataset">4919bfd6-3d35-48b9-9421-c852fa35abab</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="95EDECB334C9F9A9B6853E40CB2BFB9D" type="Zenodo-Dep">12536069</mods:identifier>
|
||||
</mods:mods>
|
||||
<treatment id="03FEC024E123DF35FCD73E88684CFA83" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12536314" ID-GBIF-Taxon="233767947" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12536314" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FEC024E123DF35FCD73E88684CFA83" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FEC024E123DF35FCD73E88684CFA83" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="449" pageId="5" pageNumber="448">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E123DF36FCD73E886ED7FA66" bold="true" box="[820,974,1451,1474]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="448">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C34D22B9E123DF36FCD73E886EA1FA66" box="[820,952,1451,1474]" pageId="5" pageNumber="448" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E123DF36FCD73E886EA1FA66" blockId="5.[820,1491,1451,2024]" box="[820,952,1451,1474]" pageId="5" pageNumber="448">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E123DF36FCD73E886EADFA66" ID-CoL="4D84" authority="Bloch, 1793" authorityName="Bloch" authorityYear="1793" box="[820,948,1451,1474]" family="Epinephelidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="448" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Epinephelus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C34D22B9E123DF35FC5B3E88684CFA83" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="449" pageId="5" pageNumber="448" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E123DF35FC5B3E886C54FB4F" blockId="5.[820,1491,1451,2024]" lastBlockId="6.[142,812,1061,2024]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="449" pageId="5" pageNumber="448">
|
||||
—The inclusion of the monotypic
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E123DF36FABB3E8868C8FA65" authorityName="Günther" authorityYear="1859" box="[1368,1489,1451,1473]" family="Serranidae" genus="Anyperodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="448" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E123DF36FABB3E8868C8FA65" box="[1368,1489,1451,1473]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="448">Anyperodon</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E123DF36FC893EEA6EFBFA7B" authorityName="Swainson" authorityYear="1839" box="[874,994,1481,1503]" family="Serranidae" genus="Cromileptes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="448" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E123DF36FC893EEA6EFBFA7B" box="[874,994,1481,1503]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="448">Cromileptes</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
within
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E123DF36FBA73EEA69A7FA7B" authorityName="Bloch" authorityYear="1793" box="[1092,1214,1481,1503]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="448" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E123DF36FBA73EEA69A7FA7B" box="[1092,1214,1481,1503]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="448">Epinephelus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is somewhat surprising although consistent with all previous molecular studies.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E123DF36FCD73D246EB4F9B9" authorityName="Günther" authorityYear="1859" box="[820,941,1543,1565]" family="Serranidae" genus="Anyperodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="448" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E123DF36FCD73D246EB4F9B9" box="[820,941,1543,1565]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="448">Anyperodon</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
shares 11 dorsal-fin spines and the absence of trisegmental pterygiophores with
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E123DF36FB5D3D066821F99F" authorityName="Bloch" authorityYear="1793" box="[1214,1336,1573,1595]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="448" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E123DF36FB5D3D066821F99F" box="[1214,1336,1573,1595]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="448">Epinephelus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. However, it has been retained in a monotypic genus due to the absence of palatine teeth and its ‘‘...elongate and markedly compressed head and body...’’ (Heemstra and Randall, 1993). Heemstra and Randall (1993) noted that ‘‘...there are some other elongate groupers, but none of these are as compressed
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E123DF36FCD73DFE6EB4F957" authorityName="Günther" authorityYear="1859" box="[820,941,1757,1779]" family="Serranidae" genus="Anyperodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="448" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E123DF36FCD73DFE6EB4F957" box="[820,941,1757,1779]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="448">Anyperodon</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.’’ (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="136C6DB7E123DF36FC2C3DFE6917F950" box="[975,1038,1757,1780]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[1178,1206,1230,1250]" captionTargetBox="[142,1128,131,1324]" captionTargetId="figure-383@8.[142,1128,131,1324]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 6. Epinephelus goreensis (top; photograph by Klaus Fiedler) and E. leucogrammicus (bottom; photograph © Robert Myers)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12536097" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12536097/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="448">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||||
). This is a curious statement as the body width for
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E123DF36FC473DD86904F8B5" authorityName="Günther" authorityYear="1859" box="[932,1053,1787,1809]" family="Serranidae" genus="Anyperodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="448" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E123DF36FC473DD86904F8B5" box="[932,1053,1787,1809]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="448">Anyperodon</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is 2.3–2.8 times in its depth, while the range of body width for species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E123DF36FB203C396824F894" authorityName="Bloch" authorityYear="1793" box="[1219,1341,1818,1840]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="448" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E123DF36FB203C396824F894" box="[1219,1341,1818,1840]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="448">Epinephelus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is 1.8–2.8 in their depth (Heemstra and Randall, 1993; Craig et al., 2011). Additionally, the body depth in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E123DF36FB743C746809F8C9" authorityName="Günther" authorityYear="1859" box="[1175,1296,1879,1901]" family="Serranidae" genus="Anyperodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="448" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E123DF36FB743C746809F8C9" box="[1175,1296,1879,1901]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="448">Anyperodon</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is contained 3.1– 3.7 times in SL, while that for species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E123DF36FAEB3C55689BF828" authorityName="Bloch" authorityYear="1793" box="[1288,1410,1910,1932]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="448" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E123DF36FAEB3C55689BF828" box="[1288,1410,1910,1932]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="448">Epinephelus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
ranges from 2.3–3.7 in SL (Heemstra and Randall, 1993; Craig et al., 2011). Finally, the head length of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E123DF36FB203C906825F86D" authorityName="Günther" authorityYear="1859" box="[1219,1340,1971,1993]" family="Serranidae" genus="Anyperodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="448" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E123DF36FB203C906825F86D" box="[1219,1340,1971,1993]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="448">Anyperodon</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is contained 2.3–2.5 in SL, while in species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E123DF36FB413CF26805F843" authorityName="Bloch" authorityYear="1793" box="[1186,1308,2001,2023]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="448" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E123DF36FB413CF26805F843" box="[1186,1308,2001,2023]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="448">Epinephelus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
the head length is contained 2.1–2.8 times in SL (Heemstra and Randall, 1993; Craig et al., 2011). Thus it appears that
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E120DF35FD7B3F616E08FBFC" authorityName="Günther" authorityYear="1859" box="[664,785,1090,1112]" family="Serranidae" genus="Anyperodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="449" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E120DF35FD7B3F616E08FBFC" box="[664,785,1090,1112]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="449">Anyperodon</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is no more elongated or compressed than any other species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E120DF35FF6D3F5E6C11FB37" authorityName="Bloch" authorityYear="1793" box="[142,264,1149,1171]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="449" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E120DF35FF6D3F5E6C11FB37" box="[142,264,1149,1171]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="449">Epinephelus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. The absence of palatine teeth is thus a curious autapomorphic specialization in the species that is worthy of future investigation; however, it is insufficient to exclude it from
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E120DF35FF2F3FF66C5FFB4F" authorityName="Bloch" authorityYear="1793" box="[204,326,1237,1259]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="449" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E120DF35FF2F3FF66C5FFB4F" box="[204,326,1237,1259]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="449">Epinephelus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="DF2821BAE120DF35FF6D38936C91FC7A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12536088" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12536088" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12536088/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="449" startId="6.[142,170,944,964]" targetBox="[142,1530,130,914]" targetPageId="6" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E120DF35FF6D38936C91FC7A" blockId="6.[142,1530,943,990]" pageId="6" pageNumber="449">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E120DF35FF6D3893693EFC60" bold="true" box="[142,1063,943,964]" pageId="6" pageNumber="449">
|
||||
FIG. 4.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E120DF35FF3B38936C85FC67" box="[216,412,943,964]" family="Serranidae" genus="Cephalopholis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="449" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="argus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E120DF35FF3B38936C85FC67" bold="true" box="[216,412,943,964]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="449">Cephalopholis argus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(top left),
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E120DF35FDE238936FBFFC67" baseAuthorityName="Fowler & Bean" baseAuthorityYear="1930" box="[513,678,943,964]" family="Serranidae" genus="Gracila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="449" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="albomarginata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E120DF35FDE238936FBFFC67" bold="true" box="[513,678,943,964]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="449">C. albomarginata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(bottom left),
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E120DF35FCD138936E93FC67" baseAuthorityName="Bleeker" baseAuthorityYear="1868" box="[818,906,943,964]" family="Serranidae" genus="Cephalopholis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="449" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="polleni">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E120DF35FCD138936E93FC67" bold="true" box="[818,906,943,964]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="449">C. polleni</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(top right photo
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
©
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E120DF35FBA738936873FC60" bold="true" box="[1092,1386,944,964]" pageId="6" pageNumber="449">Luiz Rocha; bottom right photo</emphasis>
|
||||
© Bob Fenner, www.wetwebmedia.com).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E120DF35FF453FD06FB3F966" blockId="6.[142,812,1061,2024]" pageId="6" pageNumber="449">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E120DF35FF453FD06C07FAAD" authorityName="Swainson" authorityYear="1839" box="[166,286,1267,1289]" family="Serranidae" genus="Cromileptes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="449" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E120DF35FF453FD06C07FAAD" box="[166,286,1267,1289]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="449">Cromileptes</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
has a head shape (severely depressed anteriorly and elevated posteriorly) that is unique among groupers (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="136C6DB7E120DF35FCE73E336D84FAE7" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="9.[1139,1167,1379,1399]" captionTargetBox="[103,1090,131,1446]" captionTargetId="figure-309@9.[103,1090,131,1446]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIG. 7. Epinephelus altivelis juvenile (top) and adult (bottom). Photographs © Robert Myers." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12536102" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12536102/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="449">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||||
). It shares epineural ribs on vertebrae 1–10, two supraneural bones, and no trisegmental pterygiophores with
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E120DF35FD483E686E3CFAC5" authorityName="Bloch" authorityYear="1793" box="[683,805,1355,1377]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="449" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E120DF35FD483E686E3CFAC5" box="[683,805,1355,1377]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="449">Epinephelus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. Despite its curious cranial morphology, there is no indication that this species is anything other than a highly specialized member of the genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E120DF35FE6D3E806F11FA1D" authorityName="Bloch" authorityYear="1793" box="[398,520,1443,1465]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="449" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E120DF35FE6D3E806F11FA1D" box="[398,520,1443,1465]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="449">Epinephelus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. Similar cases of extreme morphological specializations emerging within a clade are not uncommon in fishes. For example, species of the genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E120DF35FF6D3ED86C1FF9B5" box="[142,262,1531,1553]" family="Labridae" genus="Gomphosus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="449" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E120DF35FF6D3ED86C1FF9B5" box="[142,262,1531,1553]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="449">Gomphosus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
possess a remarkably elongated snout and are nested deeply within the genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E120DF35FE1B3D3A6DC8F9E9" authority="(Bernardi et al., 2002)" baseAuthorityName="Bernardi" baseAuthorityYear="2002" family="Labridae" genus="Thalassoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="449" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E120DF35FE1B3D3A6F6FF98B" box="[504,630,1561,1583]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="449">Thalassoma</emphasis>
|
||||
(Bernardi et al., 2002)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. Similar to
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E120DF35FEAA3D156CA1F9E8" box="[329,440,1590,1612]" family="Serranidae" genus="Paranthias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="449" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E120DF35FEAA3D156CA1F9E8" box="[329,440,1590,1612]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="449">Paranthias</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
x
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E120DF35FE313D156F7AF9E8" authorityName=", Randall" authorityYear="1964" box="[466,611,1590,1612]" family="Serranidae" genus="Cephalopholis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="449" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E120DF35FE313D156F7AF9E8" box="[466,611,1590,1612]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="449">Cephalopholis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E120DF35FD8C3D156E32F9E8" authorityName="Lacepede" authorityYear="1801" box="[623,811,1590,1612]" family="Labridae" genus="Gomphosus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="449" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="varius">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E120DF35FD8C3D156E32F9E8" box="[623,811,1590,1612]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="449">Gomphosus varius</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is known to hybridize with
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E120DF35FE2F3D706C05F92C" authority="(Randall and Allen, 2004)" baseAuthorityName="Randall and Allen" baseAuthorityYear="2004" family="Labridae" genus="Thalassoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="449" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lunare">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E120DF35FE2F3D706F8DF9CD" box="[460,660,1619,1641]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="449">Thalassoma lunare</emphasis>
|
||||
(Randall and Allen, 2004)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. In captivity,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E120DF35FE5D3D526F36F923" box="[446,559,1649,1671]" family="Serranidae" genus="Cephalopholis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="449" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="altivelis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E120DF35FE5D3D526F36F923" box="[446,559,1649,1671]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="449">C. altivelis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
has successfully been hybridized with
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E120DF35FEBC3DAD6F69F900" box="[351,624,1678,1700]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="449">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E120DF35FEBC3DAD6F71F900" baseAuthorityName="Bloch" baseAuthorityYear="1790" box="[351,616,1678,1700]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="449" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lanceolatus">Epinephelus lanceolatus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
;
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
however, it is unknown if this would ever happen in the wild.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E120DF35FF453DEA684CFA83" blockId="6.[142,812,1061,2024]" lastBlockId="6.[859,1529,1061,1320]" pageId="6" pageNumber="449">
|
||||
The large majority of species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E120DF35FE1D3DEA6F61F97B" authorityName="Bloch" authorityYear="1793" box="[510,632,1737,1759]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="449" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E120DF35FE1D3DEA6F61F97B" box="[510,632,1737,1759]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="449">Epinephelus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
are recovered in two sister clades and form the crown of the grouper tree (clades E and F,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="136C6DB7E120DF35FEB63C276CB9F8BD" box="[341,416,1796,1818]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="3.[103,131,1851,1871]" captionTargetBox="[217,1376,130,1821]" captionTargetId="figure-1@3.[217,1376,130,1821]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIG. 1. Majority rule consensus cladogram of maximum likelihood analysis, reconstructed using RAxML with 1000 bootstrap replicates following Ma et al. (2016). Numbers at nodes represent bootstrap support values (%)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12536076" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12536076/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="449">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="136C6DB7E120DF35FE573C276CDDF8BF" box="[436,452,1796,1819]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="4.[142,170,1851,1871]" captionTargetBox="[213,1458,130,1821]" captionTargetId="figure-0@4.[213,1458,130,1821]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIG. 2. Bayesian inference phylogram reconstructed using MrBayes following Ma et al. (2016). Numbers on branches represent posterior probabilities." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12536081" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12536081/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="449">2</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Morphological differentiation among these two sister clades is lacking; however, they do exhibit subtle differences in ecology. In clade E, the majority of the species are relatively large (maximum total length 75 to 250 cm), and most are restricted to coral reefs. On the other hand, Clade F contains species that are relatively small, having maximum total length,75 cm (Heemstra and Randall, 1993; Craig et al., 2011), and most are widely distributed, inhabiting both coral and non-coral reef environments. Ecological factors have likely played a major role in driving the divergence and radiation of these two species-rich clades of groupers as 88% of cladogenic events have been shown to be non-allopatric (Ma et al., 2016). It is also important to note that the ‘‘reticulated-grouper complex’’ (Heemstra and Randall, 1993) is polyphyletic. The nine reticulated-grouper species are scattered across three distinct clades along with ‘‘non-reticulated’’ groupers.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
381
data/03/FE/C0/03FEC024E124DF36FF6D3D116836FA2F.xml
Normal file
381
data/03/FE/C0/03FEC024E124DF36FF6D3D116836FA2F.xml
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|
|
@ -0,0 +1,381 @@
|
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<mods:titleInfo id="83442D05E77640922D44B2613F512B5C">
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<mods:title id="649B65067A8E8EA6D28DB1C5AA061B1B">An Inconvenient Monophyly: An Update on the Taxonomy of the Groupers (Epinephelidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="BC17BC3BB6087E2DF25F12BE69E300CB" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="B79C47C6403447AC38F5590CE39492F0">
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<mods:roleTerm id="41FC3BB03AA1A2E596DB95CE3AA7B88B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="7E3A1F95E36D4A61B65A7A02C57084F8">Ma, Ka Yan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="9184868E73DC9BA0AF919B61C1DF1BB2">Simon F. S. Li Marine Science Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, 999077, Hong Kong SAR.</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:role>
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||||
<mods:namePart id="5B03BEA0E91A408E464946622358C530">Craig, Matthew T.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="3F21C61E8FD56B30617BAC9753909B6A">2 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, 8901 La Jolla Shores Drive, La Jolla, California 92037</mods:affiliation>
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||||
<mods:nameIdentifier id="39C26D074C5A92E5AD22510A176CC5AB" type="email">matthew.craig@noaa.gov.</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="59868919B9D1828D5C73BE3E3A45063B">Copeia</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="9F552624A6F0E6734BEC08C6DD0B3B7C">
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<mods:number id="1CA2B11A150B0533AE8C29B369DB9612">2018-10-31</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="99117E0D44C98A40413AC756D32F7801">106</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="0CA07BC416528B603AA915EC8E40EB3F" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="11729DBD07431FC5BC9A08946833B995">3</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="8E4F8D69E3BC501437090C1FF294923A">journal article</mods:classification>
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<treatment id="03FEC024E124DF36FF6D3D116836FA2F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12536312" ID-GBIF-Taxon="233767946" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12536312" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FEC024E124DF36FF6D3D116836FA2F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FEC024E124DF36FF6D3D116836FA2F" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="448" pageId="2" pageNumber="445">
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<emphasis id="B923AD20E124DF31FF6D3D116C58F9ED" bold="true" box="[142,321,1586,1609]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="445">
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<subSubSection id="C34D22B9E124DF31FF6D3D116C33F9ED" box="[142,298,1586,1609]" pageId="2" pageNumber="445" type="nomenclature">
|
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<paragraph id="8BE87132E124DF31FF6D3D116C33F9ED" blockId="2.[142,812,1586,2024]" box="[142,298,1586,1609]" pageId="2" pageNumber="445">
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<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E124DF31FF6D3D116C3FF9ED" ID-CoL="3KG8" authority="Bloch & Schneider, 1801" authorityName="Bloch & Schneider" authorityYear="1801" box="[142,294,1586,1609]" family="Epinephelidae" genus="Cephalopholis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="445" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Cephalopholis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C34D22B9E124DF36FEC93D116836FA2F" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="448" pageId="2" pageNumber="445" type="discussion">
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||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E124DF31FEC93D116CC4F8D5" blockId="2.[142,812,1586,2024]" pageId="2" pageNumber="445">
|
||||
—As with all previous molecular phylogenies where they have been sampled,
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E124DF31FE1C3D736E3CF9C2" box="[511,805,1616,1638]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="445">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E124DF31FE1C3D736F9FF9C2" authorityName=", Randall" authorityYear="1964" box="[511,646,1616,1638]" family="Serranidae" genus="Aethaloperca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="445" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Aethaloperca</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E124DF31FD773D736E3CF9C2" authorityName=", Randall" authorityYear="1964" box="[660,805,1616,1638]" family="Serranidae" genus="Cephalopholis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="445" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Cephalopholis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E124DF31FF6D3D4E6DC0F927" authorityName="Randall" authorityYear="1964" box="[142,217,1645,1667]" family="Serranidae" genus="Gracila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="445" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E124DF31FF6D3D4E6DC0F927" box="[142,217,1645,1667]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="445">Gracila</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E124DF31FEF93D4E6C90F927" box="[282,393,1645,1667]" family="Serranidae" genus="Paranthias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="445" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E124DF31FEF93D4E6C90F927" box="[282,393,1645,1667]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="445">Paranthias</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
form a clade and morphological data suggest that they are close allies (e.g., Randall, 1964; Smith-Vaniz et al., 1988). The basis for the exclusion of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E124DF31FD423D8B6E3CF91A" authorityName=", Randall" authorityYear="1964" box="[673,805,1704,1726]" family="Serranidae" genus="Aethaloperca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="445" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E124DF31FD423D8B6E3CF91A" box="[673,805,1704,1726]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="445">Aethaloperca</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E124DF31FF6D3DE56DC0F978" authorityName="Randall" authorityYear="1964" box="[142,217,1734,1756]" family="Serranidae" genus="Gracila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="445" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E124DF31FF6D3DE56DC0F978" box="[142,217,1734,1756]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="445">Gracila</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E124DF31FEFB3DE56C9EF978" box="[280,391,1734,1756]" family="Serranidae" genus="Paranthias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="445" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E124DF31FEFB3DE56C9EF978" box="[280,391,1734,1756]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="445">Paranthias</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
from
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E124DF31FE283DE56F45F978" authorityName=", Randall" authorityYear="1964" box="[459,604,1734,1756]" family="Serranidae" genus="Cephalopholis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="445" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E124DF31FE283DE56F45F978" box="[459,604,1734,1756]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="445">Cephalopholis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
in past treatments (e.g., Heemstra and Randall, 1993) was solely based on apomorphic characters. However, given that they are deeply nested within
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E124DF31FED63C3C6CDFF891" authorityName=", Randall" authorityYear="1964" box="[309,454,1823,1845]" family="Serranidae" genus="Cephalopholis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="445" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E124DF31FED63C3C6CDFF891" box="[309,454,1823,1845]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="445">Cephalopholis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, these characters become autapomorphic, and their usefulness to exclude them from
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E124DF31FF6D3C796C06F8D4" authorityName=", Randall" authorityYear="1964" box="[142,287,1882,1904]" family="Serranidae" genus="Cephalopholis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="445" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E124DF31FF6D3C796C06F8D4" box="[142,287,1882,1904]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="445">Cephalopholis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is rendered null.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E124DF31FF453C5A69ADFD4F" blockId="2.[142,812,1586,2024]" lastBlockId="2.[859,1530,131,2024]" pageId="2" pageNumber="445">
|
||||
Smith (1954) elevated the sub-genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E124DF31FDB33C5B6FCDF82A" authorityName=", Randall" authorityYear="1964" box="[592,724,1912,1934]" family="Serranidae" genus="Aethaloperca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="445" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E124DF31FDB33C5B6FCDF82A" box="[592,724,1912,1934]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="445">Aethaloperca</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
for the species
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E124DF31FF013CB56F02F808" baseAuthorityName="Fowler & Bean" baseAuthorityYear="1930" box="[226,539,1942,1964]" family="Serranidae" genus="Cephalopholis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="445" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="albomarginatus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E124DF31FF013CB56F02F808" box="[226,539,1942,1964]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="445">Cephalopholis albomarginatus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E124DF31FDB73CB46FD3F808" authorityName="Forsskal" authorityYear="1775" box="[596,714,1943,1964]" family="Percidae" genus="Perca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="445" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rogaa">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E124DF31FDB73CB46FD3F808" box="[596,714,1943,1964]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="445">Perca rogaa</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. Randall (1964) removed
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E124DF31FEB73C976F02F86E" baseAuthorityName="Fowler & Bean" baseAuthorityYear="1930" box="[340,539,1972,1994]" family="Serranidae" genus="Cephalopholis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="445" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="albomarginatus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E124DF31FEB73C976F02F86E" box="[340,539,1972,1994]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="445">C. albomarginatus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
from
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E124DF31FD8C3C976FEAF86E" authorityName=", Randall" authorityYear="1964" box="[623,755,1972,1994]" family="Serranidae" genus="Aethaloperca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="445" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E124DF31FD8C3C976FEAF86E" box="[623,755,1972,1994]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="445">Aethaloperca</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and placed it into the new genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E124DF31FDE13CF26F54F843" authorityName="Randall" authorityYear="1964" box="[514,589,2001,2023]" family="Serranidae" genus="Gracila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="445" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E124DF31FDE13CF26F54F843" box="[514,589,2001,2023]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="445">Gracila</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(discussed below).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E124DF31FCB83BA06906FF3D" baseAuthorityName="Forsskal" baseAuthorityYear="1775" box="[859,1055,131,153]" family="Serranidae" genus="Aethaloperca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="445" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rogaa">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E124DF31FCB83BA06906FF3D" box="[859,1055,131,153]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="445">Aethaloperca rogaa</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
was considered to be appropriately placed in a monotypic genus based on the shape of its cranial crests, its deeper body, the steeper profile of its head, the shape of its dorsal fin, and the presence of asymmetrical pectoral fins (Randall, 1964; Smith-Vaniz et al., 1988; Heemstra and Randall, 1993). While these characters may seem to indicate a generic difference, they are not all unique and some are shared with other species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E124DF31FB7E3A716837FECC" authorityName=", Randall" authorityYear="1964" box="[1181,1326,338,360]" family="Serranidae" genus="Cephalopholis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="445" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E124DF31FB7E3A716837FECC" box="[1181,1326,338,360]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="445">Cephalopholis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. For example, the presence of a steep head profile is present in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E124DF31FAB63A5268E0FE22" authorityName="Katayama" authorityYear="1957" box="[1365,1529,368,390]" family="Serranidae" genus="Cephalopholis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="445" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="igarashiensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E124DF31FAB63A5268E0FE22" box="[1365,1529,368,390]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="445">C. igarashiensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E124DF31FC723AAD690BFE00" baseAuthorityName="Valenciennes" baseAuthorityYear="1828" box="[913,1042,398,420]" family="Serranidae" genus="Cephalopholis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="445" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sonnerati">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E124DF31FC723AAD690BFE00" box="[913,1042,398,420]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="445">C. sonnerati</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="136C6DB7E124DF31FBC63AAD6971FE01" box="[1061,1128,398,421]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="5.[1139,1170,1248,1268]" captionTargetBox="[103,1089,131,1316]" captionTargetId="figure-381@5.[103,1089,131,1316]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIG. 3. Cephalopholis sonnerati (top) and C. rogaa (bottom). Photographs © Robert Myers." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12536083" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12536083/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="445">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Its body depth (2.1–2.4 times in standard length [SL]; Heemstra and Randall, 1993) is well within the range of other species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E124DF31FAE63AEA688FFE7B" authorityName=", Randall" authorityYear="1964" box="[1285,1430,457,479]" family="Serranidae" genus="Cephalopholis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="445" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E124DF31FAE63AEA688FFE7B" box="[1285,1430,457,479]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="445">Cephalopholis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(2.0–3.2 times in SL; Heemstra and Randall, 1993; Craig et al., 2011). The remaining external characters (shape of dorsal and pectoral fins) are the only obvious morphological differences between this monotypic genus and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E124DF31FB0E39636867FDF2" authorityName=", Randall" authorityYear="1964" box="[1261,1406,576,598]" family="Serranidae" genus="Cephalopholis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="445" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E124DF31FB0E39636867FDF2" box="[1261,1406,576,598]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="445">Cephalopholis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. As will be discussed below, there are several synapomorphic characters that unite
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E124DF31FC3639586940FD35" authorityName=", Randall" authorityYear="1964" box="[981,1113,635,657]" family="Serranidae" genus="Aethaloperca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="445" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E124DF31FC3639586940FD35" box="[981,1113,635,657]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="445">Aethaloperca</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
with
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E124DF31FB7D39586836FD35" authorityName=", Randall" authorityYear="1964" box="[1182,1327,635,657]" family="Serranidae" genus="Cephalopholis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="445" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E124DF31FB7D39586836FD35" box="[1182,1327,635,657]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="445">Cephalopholis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and there is thus little reason to exclude
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E124DF31FBBE39BA69F8FD0B" authorityName=", Randall" authorityYear="1964" box="[1117,1249,665,687]" family="Serranidae" genus="Aethaloperca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="445" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E124DF31FBBE39BA69F8FD0B" box="[1117,1249,665,687]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="445">Aethaloperca</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
from
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E124DF31FAC739BA68ACFD0B" authorityName=", Randall" authorityYear="1964" box="[1316,1461,665,687]" family="Serranidae" genus="Cephalopholis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="445" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E124DF31FAC739BA68ACFD0B" box="[1316,1461,665,687]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="445">Cephalopholis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
given its nested position within the latter based on these autapomorphic specializations.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E124DF31FC9039D1699AFB95" blockId="2.[859,1530,131,2024]" pageId="2" pageNumber="445">
|
||||
Following Smith’s (1954) inclusion of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E124DF31FACA39D16EC8FC82" baseAuthorityName="Fowler & Bean" baseAuthorityYear="1930" family="Serranidae" genus="Cephalopholis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="445" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="albomarginatus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E124DF31FACA39D16EC8FC82" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="445">Cephalopholis albomarginatus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E124DF31FBEA3833684AFC83" authority=", Randall (1964)" authorityName=", Randall" authorityYear="1964" box="[1033,1363,784,807]" family="Serranidae" genus="Aethaloperca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="445" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E124DF31FBEA38336996FC82" box="[1033,1167,784,806]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="445">Aethaloperca</emphasis>
|
||||
, Randall (1964)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
removed the species and erected the new genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E124DF31FAE3380D6852FCE0" authorityName="Randall" authorityYear="1964" box="[1280,1355,814,836]" family="Serranidae" genus="Gracila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="445" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E124DF31FAE3380D6852FCE0" box="[1280,1355,814,836]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="445">Gracila</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. While noting that the species showed affinities to
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E124DF31FAE038686EBCFC24" authority=", Randall (1964)" authorityName=", Randall" authorityYear="1964" family="Serranidae" genus="Cephalopholis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="445" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E124DF31FAE03868688DFCC5" box="[1283,1428,843,865]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="445">Cephalopholis</emphasis>
|
||||
, Randall (1964)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
highlighted differences in external morphology including a shorter head and an emarginate caudal fin. He also noted that
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E124DF31FBFA3887697DFC1E" authorityName="Randall" authorityYear="1964" box="[1049,1124,932,954]" family="Serranidae" genus="Gracila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="445" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E124DF31FBFA3887697DFC1E" box="[1049,1124,932,954]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="445">Gracila</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
displayed a different mode of life (semi-pelagic) from other species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E124DF31FAE738E1688CFC7C" authorityName=", Randall" authorityYear="1964" box="[1284,1429,962,984]" family="Serranidae" genus="Cephalopholis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="445" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E124DF31FAE738E1688CFC7C" box="[1284,1429,962,984]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="445">Cephalopholis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="136C6DB7E124DF31FA4B38E168F5FC7D" box="[1448,1516,962,985]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[142,170,944,964]" captionTargetBox="[142,1530,130,914]" captionTargetId="figure-590@6.[142,1530,130,914]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 4. Cephalopholis argus (top left), C. albomarginata (bottom left), C. polleni (top right photo © Luiz Rocha; bottom right photo © Bob Fenner, www.wetwebmedia.com)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12536088" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12536088/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="445">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Katayama (1974) described and placed a second species within
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E124DF31FC5738DE6EE6FBB7" authorityName="Randall" authorityYear="1964" box="[948,1023,1021,1043]" family="Serranidae" genus="Gracila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="445" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E124DF31FC5738DE6EE6FBB7" box="[948,1023,1021,1043]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="445">Gracila</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E124DF31FBF638DD6987FBB7" authorityName="Katayama" authorityYear="1974" box="[1045,1182,1021,1043]" family="Serranidae" genus="Gracila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="445" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="okinawae">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E124DF31FBF638DD6987FBB7" box="[1045,1182,1021,1043]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="445">G. okinawae</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E124DF31FB5038DF69DCFBB7" bold="true" box="[1203,1221,1020,1043]" pageId="2" pageNumber="445">¼</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E124DF31FB3138DD6824FBB7" baseAuthorityName="Bleeker" baseAuthorityYear="1868" box="[1234,1341,1021,1043]" family="Serranidae" genus="Cephalopholis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="445" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="polleni">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E124DF31FB3138DD6824FBB7" box="[1234,1341,1021,1043]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="445">C. polleni</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
), based on the presence of a truncate tail.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E124DF31FC903F1A69F9F9A8" blockId="2.[859,1530,131,2024]" pageId="2" pageNumber="445">
|
||||
The head length of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E124DF31FBBA3F1A69BDFBEB" authorityName="Randall" authorityYear="1964" box="[1113,1188,1081,1103]" family="Serranidae" genus="Gracila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="445" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E124DF31FBBA3F1A69BDFBEB" box="[1113,1188,1081,1103]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="445">Gracila</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(2.9–3.2 in SL; Heemstra and Randall, 1993; Craig et al., 2011) is well within the range of other species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E124DF31FBF53F5769BEFB2E" authorityName=", Randall" authorityYear="1964" box="[1046,1191,1140,1162]" family="Serranidae" genus="Cephalopholis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="445" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E124DF31FBF53F5769BEFB2E" box="[1046,1191,1140,1162]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="445">Cephalopholis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(2.2–3.1 in SL; Heemstra and Randall, 1993; Craig et al., 2011). The emarginated caudal fin of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E124DF31FC993F936929FB62" baseAuthorityName="Fowler & Bean" baseAuthorityYear="1930" box="[890,1072,1200,1222]" family="Serranidae" genus="Gracila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="445" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="albomarginata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E124DF31FC993F936929FB62" box="[890,1072,1200,1222]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="445">G. albomarginata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is emarginate only in juveniles, while in adults it is only weakly emarginated and is closer to truncate. A nearly emarginate caudal fin is also present in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E124DF31FA023FCF6EC6FABB" authorityName="Katayama" authorityYear="1957" family="Serranidae" genus="Cephalopholis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="445" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="igarashiensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E124DF31FA023FCF6EC6FABB" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="445">C. igarashiensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, and a truncate caudal fin is present in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E124DF31FA753E2A68E1FABB" baseAuthorityName="Bleeker" baseAuthorityYear="1868" box="[1430,1528,1289,1311]" family="Serranidae" genus="Cephalopholis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="445" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="polleni">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E124DF31FA753E2A68E1FABB" box="[1430,1528,1289,1311]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="445">C. polleni</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(although in some specimens the caudal is rounded;
|
||||
<figureCitation id="136C6DB7E124DF31FA4E3E0468F5FA99" box="[1453,1516,1318,1341]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[142,170,944,964]" captionTargetBox="[142,1530,130,914]" captionTargetId="figure-590@6.[142,1530,130,914]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 4. Cephalopholis argus (top left), C. albomarginata (bottom left), C. polleni (top right photo © Luiz Rocha; bottom right photo © Bob Fenner, www.wetwebmedia.com)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12536088" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12536088/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="445">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||||
). These three species also form a clade (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="136C6DB7E124DF31FAEE3E67684CFAFE" box="[1293,1365,1348,1370]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="3.[103,131,1851,1871]" captionTargetBox="[217,1376,130,1821]" captionTargetId="figure-1@3.[217,1376,130,1821]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIG. 1. Majority rule consensus cladogram of maximum likelihood analysis, reconstructed using RAxML with 1000 bootstrap replicates following Ma et al. (2016). Numbers at nodes represent bootstrap support values (%)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12536076" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12536076/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="445">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="136C6DB7E124DF31FA863E67686CFAFF" box="[1381,1397,1348,1371]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="4.[142,170,1851,1871]" captionTargetBox="[213,1458,130,1821]" captionTargetId="figure-0@4.[213,1458,130,1821]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIG. 2. Bayesian inference phylogram reconstructed using MrBayes following Ma et al. (2016). Numbers on branches represent posterior probabilities." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12536081" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12536081/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="445">2</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The semi-pelagic behavior of this species is more-or-less restricted to juveniles; adults display a roving behavior but are still closely associated with the substrate. Given the sum-total of the synapomorphies which are present in this clade, both morphological (see below) and molecular, excluding
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E124DF31FA4D3EFB68E0FA4A" authorityName="Randall" authorityYear="1964" box="[1454,1529,1496,1518]" family="Serranidae" genus="Gracila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="445" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E124DF31FA4D3EFB68E0FA4A" box="[1454,1529,1496,1518]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="445">Gracila</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
from
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E124DF31FC7A3ED56933F9A8" authorityName=", Randall" authorityYear="1964" box="[921,1066,1526,1548]" family="Serranidae" genus="Cephalopholis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="445" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E124DF31FC7A3ED56933F9A8" box="[921,1066,1526,1548]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="445">Cephalopholis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is unwarranted.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E124DF31FC903D376858F84C" blockId="2.[859,1530,131,2024]" pageId="2" pageNumber="445">
|
||||
The most surprising of the species included in the monophyletic
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E124DF31FBE03D11698DF9EC" authorityName=", Randall" authorityYear="1964" box="[1027,1172,1586,1608]" family="Serranidae" genus="Cephalopholis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="445" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E124DF31FBE03D11698DF9EC" box="[1027,1172,1586,1608]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="445">Cephalopholis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
are those of the genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E124DF31FA573D106E97F9C1" family="Serranidae" genus="Paranthias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="445" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E124DF31FA573D106E97F9C1" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="445">Paranthias</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. While rare among groupers, their semi-pelagic behavior is shared with
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E124DF31FC1B3D4D6932F927" authorityName="Randall, Johnson & Lowe" authorityYear="1989" box="[1016,1067,1646,1667]" family="Serranidae" genus="Triso" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="445" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E124DF31FC1B3D4D6932F927" box="[1016,1067,1646,1667]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="445">Triso</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and juveniles of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E124DF31FB063D4E6829F927" authorityName="Randall" authorityYear="1964" box="[1253,1328,1645,1667]" family="Serranidae" genus="Gracila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="445" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E124DF31FB063D4E6829F927" box="[1253,1328,1645,1667]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="445">Gracila</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, and their distinct morphological features such as a deeply forked tail, high gill raker counts, and small teeth, appear to be associated with a transition to the water column (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="136C6DB7E124DF31FB5D3DE569E5F979" box="[1214,1276,1734,1757]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="7.[1139,1167,1701,1721]" captionTargetBox="[103,1060,131,1822]" captionTargetId="figure-77@7.[103,1060,131,1822]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIG. 5. Cephalopholis fulva (top), C. furcifer (middle), and hybrid C. fulva x C. furcifer (bottom). Top and middle photographs © Robert Myers, bottom photograph © Luiz Rocha." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12536091" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12536091/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="445">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E124DF31FA603DE568EBF978" box="[1411,1522,1734,1756]" family="Serranidae" genus="Paranthias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="445" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E124DF31FA603DE568EBF978" box="[1411,1522,1734,1756]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="445">Paranthias</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, while clearly semi-pelagic, behave very much like other groupers in that when provided with a negative stimulus, they retreat into reef crevices rather than swim away, clearly reflecting their preference for the reef. It should also be noted that
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E124DF31FC6D3C786940F8D5" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[910,1113,1883,1905]" family="Serranidae" genus="Cephalopholis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="445" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fulva">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E124DF31FC6D3C786940F8D5" box="[910,1113,1883,1905]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="445">Cephalopholis fulva</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E124DF31FB6C3C786854F8D5" baseAuthorityName="Valenciennes" baseAuthorityYear="1828" box="[1167,1357,1883,1905]" family="Serranidae" genus="Paranthias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="445" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="furcifer">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E124DF31FB6C3C786854F8D5" box="[1167,1357,1883,1905]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="445">Paranthias furcifer</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
are well known to hybridize in the wild (the hybrid being originally described as the monotypic
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E124DF31FB463CB56884F808" authorityName="Poey" authorityYear="1875" box="[1189,1437,1942,1964]" family="Labridae" genus="Menephorus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="445" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="punctiferus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E124DF31FB463CB56884F808" box="[1189,1437,1942,1964]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="445">Menephorus punctiferus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
; Smith, 1966; Bostrom et al., 2002), and the two species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E124DF31FA6A3C9768E1F86E" box="[1417,1528,1972,1994]" family="Serranidae" genus="Paranthias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="445" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E124DF31FA6A3C9768E1F86E" box="[1417,1528,1972,1994]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="445">Paranthias</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
form the sister group to
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E124DF31FB8F3CF169A6F843" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[1132,1215,2001,2023]" family="Serranidae" genus="Cephalopholis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="445" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fulva">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E124DF31FB8F3CF169A6F843" box="[1132,1215,2001,2023]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="445">C. fulva</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="136C6DB7E124DF31FB2C3CF1680FF843" box="[1231,1302,2002,2024]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="3.[103,131,1851,1871]" captionTargetBox="[217,1376,130,1821]" captionTargetId="figure-1@3.[217,1376,130,1821]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIG. 1. Majority rule consensus cladogram of maximum likelihood analysis, reconstructed using RAxML with 1000 bootstrap replicates following Ma et al. (2016). Numbers at nodes represent bootstrap support values (%)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12536076" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12536076/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="445">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="136C6DB7E124DF31FAC63CF2682CF84C" box="[1317,1333,2001,2024]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="4.[142,170,1851,1871]" captionTargetBox="[213,1458,130,1821]" captionTargetId="figure-0@4.[213,1458,130,1821]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIG. 2. Bayesian inference phylogram reconstructed using MrBayes following Ma et al. (2016). Numbers on branches represent posterior probabilities." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12536081" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12536081/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="445">2</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="DF2821BAE125DF30FF843C186E07F8CD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12536076" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12536076" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12536076/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="446" startId="3.[103,131,1851,1871]" targetBox="[217,1376,130,1821]" targetPageId="3" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E125DF30FF843C186E07F8CD" blockId="3.[103,1490,1851,1897]" pageId="3" pageNumber="446">FIG. 1. Majority rule consensus cladogram of maximum likelihood analysis, reconstructed using RAxML with 1000 bootstrap replicates following Ma et al. (2016). Numbers at nodes represent bootstrap support values (%).</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<caption id="DF2821BAE122DF37FF6D3C186C11F8CD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12536081" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12536081" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12536081/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="447" startId="4.[142,170,1851,1871]" targetBox="[213,1458,130,1821]" targetPageId="4" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E122DF37FF6D3C186C11F8CD" blockId="4.[142,1529,1851,1897]" pageId="4" pageNumber="447">FIG. 2. Bayesian inference phylogram reconstructed using MrBayes following Ma et al. (2016). Numbers on branches represent posterior probabilities.</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<caption id="DF2821BAE123DF36FB903FC3684CFA8D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12536083" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12536083" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12536083/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="448" startId="5.[1139,1170,1248,1268]" targetBox="[103,1089,131,1316]" targetPageId="5" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E123DF36FB903FC3684CFA8D" blockId="5.[1139,1490,1247,1321]" pageId="5" pageNumber="448">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E123DF36FB903FC369ABFA8D" bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="448">
|
||||
FIG. 3.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E123DF36FB2F3FC368CBFB57" baseAuthorityName="Valenciennes" baseAuthorityYear="1828" box="[1228,1490,1247,1268]" family="Serranidae" genus="Cephalopholis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="448" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sonnerati">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E123DF36FB2F3FC368CBFB57" bold="true" box="[1228,1490,1247,1268]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="448">Cephalopholis sonnerati</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(top) and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E123DF36FB353FD96830FAAA" baseAuthorityName="Forsskal" baseAuthorityYear="1775" box="[1238,1321,1274,1294]" family="Serranidae" genus="Aethaloperca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="448" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rogaa">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E123DF36FB353FD96830FAAA" bold="true" box="[1238,1321,1274,1294]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="448">C. rogaa</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(bottom). Photographs
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
©
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E123DF36FB323E36684CFA8D" authority="Myers." authorityName="Myers." box="[1233,1365,1301,1321]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Robert" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="448" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Robert Myers.</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E123DF36FF9C3E766C56F973" blockId="5.[103,773,1365,2024]" pageId="5" pageNumber="448">
|
||||
Evolutionary transitions involving radical changes to morphology within a clade are not unique to groupers. For example, the fusiliers (Caesioninae) are deeply nested within the larger snapper family (
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E123DF36FE6E3E936F1DFA63" authorityName="Gill" authorityYear="1861" box="[397,516,1456,1479]" family="Lutjanidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="448" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Lutjanidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
) despite having clearly different external adaptations to mid-water habitat (Miller and Cribb, 2007). The semi-pelagic boga (
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E123DF36FDD03ECF6FE5F9A6" baseAuthorityName="Poey" baseAuthorityYear="1860" box="[563,764,1516,1538]" family="Haemulidae" genus="Haemulon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="448" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vittatum">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E123DF36FDD03ECF6FE5F9A6" box="[563,764,1516,1538]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="448">Haemulon vittatum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
) was long regarded as belonging to the monotypic genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E123DF36FF843D096DAEF99B" box="[103,183,1578,1599]" family="Haemulidae" genus="Inermia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="448" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E123DF36FF843D096DAEF99B" box="[103,183,1578,1599]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="448">Inermia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
; however, molecular evidence clearly indicates its placement within
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E123DF36FEA03D646FB6F9FA" authority="(Rocha et al., 2008)" baseAuthorityName="Rocha" baseAuthorityYear="2008" box="[323,687,1607,1630]" family="Haemulidae" genus="Haemulon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="448" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E123DF36FEA03D646CB7F9F9" box="[323,430,1607,1629]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="448">Haemulon</emphasis>
|
||||
(Rocha et al., 2008)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. While certainly unexpected, the placement of the two species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E123DF36FF843DA76DCFF93E" box="[103,214,1668,1690]" family="Serranidae" genus="Paranthias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="448" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E123DF36FF843DA76DCFF93E" box="[103,214,1668,1690]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="448">Paranthias</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
nested within
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E123DF36FE693DA76F02F93E" authorityName=", Randall" authorityYear="1964" box="[394,539,1668,1690]" family="Serranidae" genus="Cephalopholis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="448" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E123DF36FE693DA76F02F93E" box="[394,539,1668,1690]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="448">Cephalopholis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is clearly warranted given the morphological and molecular synapomorphies that unite this clade.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E123DF36FF9C3DFC6836FA2F" blockId="5.[103,773,1365,2024]" lastBlockId="5.[820,1490,1365,1419]" pageId="5" pageNumber="448">
|
||||
Despite their seemingly different morphologies, these four genera share a number of characters, including the presence of nine dorsal fin spines (shared only with
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E123DF36FD613C3F6DFDF8F4" baseAuthorityName="Gilbert" baseAuthorityYear="1892" family="Serranidae" genus="Hyporthodus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="448" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="acanthistius">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E123DF36FD613C3F6DFDF8F4" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="448">Hyporthodus acanthistius</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
), the ninth of which is formed indirectly from a soft ray (Kendall, 1979; Leis, 1986), and the presence of trisegmental pterygiophores in the dorsal fin (bisegmental in remaining epinephelines; Heemstra and Randall, 1993).
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E123DF36FF843C906C4EF86D" box="[103,343,1971,1993]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="448">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E123DF36FF843C906DE2F86D" authorityName=", Randall" authorityYear="1964" box="[103,251,1971,1993]" family="Serranidae" genus="Cephalopholis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="448" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Cephalopholis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E123DF36FEEF3C906C4EF86D" authorityName="Randall" authorityYear="1964" box="[268,343,1971,1993]" family="Serranidae" genus="Gracila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="448" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Gracila</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
, and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E123DF36FE413C906F08F86D" box="[418,529,1971,1993]" family="Serranidae" genus="Paranthias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="448" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E123DF36FE413C906F08F86D" box="[418,529,1971,1993]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="448">Paranthias</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
also share epineural ribs on vertebrae 1–9 (
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E123DF36FE843CF26F65F843" box="[359,636,2001,2023]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="448">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E123DF36FE843CF26CF7F843" authorityName=", Randall" authorityYear="1964" box="[359,494,2001,2023]" family="Serranidae" genus="Aethaloperca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="448" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Aethaloperca</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E123DF36FE183CF26F61F843" authorityName="Bloch" authorityYear="1793" box="[507,632,2001,2023]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="448" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Epinephelus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E123DF36FD5B3CF16E6CFACF" authorityName="Gill" authorityYear="1862" box="[696,885,1366,2023]" family="Serranidae" genus="Mycteroperca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="448" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E123DF36FD5B3CF16E6CFACF" box="[696,885,1366,2023]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="448">Mycteroperca</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
have epineurals on vertebrae 1–10; Baldwin and Johnson, 1993; Heemstra and Randall, 1993).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
220
data/03/FE/C0/03FEC024E12ADF3EFCB83E9F6DA7FEC2.xml
Normal file
220
data/03/FE/C0/03FEC024E12ADF3EFCB83E9F6DA7FEC2.xml
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,220 @@
|
|||
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<mods:title id="09D5AE479AA0E40EE61A3FD0F5BCEDF8">An Inconvenient Monophyly: An Update on the Taxonomy of the Groupers (Epinephelidae)</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03FEC024E12ADF3EFCB83E9F6DA7FEC2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12536341" ID-GBIF-Taxon="233767942" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12536341" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FEC024E12ADF3EFCB83E9F6DA7FEC2" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FEC024E12ADF3EFCB83E9F6DA7FEC2" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="456" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">
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<subSubSection id="C34D22B9E12ADF3FFCB83E9F69F4FA77" box="[859,1261,1468,1491]" pageId="12" pageNumber="455" type="nomenclature">
|
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<paragraph id="8BE87132E12ADF3FFCB83E9F69F4FA77" blockId="12.[859,1529,1468,2024]" box="[859,1261,1468,1491]" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">
|
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<heading id="D0A0C65EE12ADF3FFCB83E9F69F4FA77" bold="true" box="[859,1261,1468,1491]" fontSize="9" level="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="455" reason="6">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12ADF3FFCB83E9F69F4FA77" bold="true" box="[859,1261,1468,1491]" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">
|
||||
Genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12ADF3FFC493E9F6946FA77" ID-CoL="52W8" ID-ENA="1208316" authority="Gill" authorityName="Gill" authorityYear="1861" box="[938,1119,1468,1491]" family="Serranidae" genus="Hyporthodus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="455" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12ADF3FFC493E9F6928FA77" bold="true" box="[938,1073,1468,1491]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">Hyporthodus</emphasis>
|
||||
Gill
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(18 species)
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C34D22B9E12ADF3FFCB83EF86840F9AB" pageId="12" pageNumber="455" type="type_taxon">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12ADF3FFCB83EF86840F9AB" blockId="12.[859,1529,1468,2024]" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">
|
||||
Type species:
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12ADF3FFC1D3EF969E0FA54" authorityName="Gill" authorityYear="1861" box="[1022,1273,1498,1520]" family="Serranidae" genus="Hyporthodus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="455" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flavicauda">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12ADF3FFC1D3EF969E0FA54" box="[1022,1273,1498,1520]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">Hyporthodus flavicauda</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
[
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12ADF3FFAEF3EFA6805FA54" bold="true" box="[1292,1308,1497,1520]" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">¼</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12ADF3FFAFF3EF968E1FA54" baseAuthorityName="Valenciennes" baseAuthorityYear="1828" box="[1308,1528,1498,1520]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="455" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="niveatus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12ADF3FFAFF3EF968E1FA54" box="[1308,1528,1498,1520]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">Epinephelus niveatus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes)]
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C34D22B9E12ADF3FFCB83D3569E6F988" box="[859,1279,1558,1580]" pageId="12" pageNumber="455" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12ADF3FFCB83D3569E6F988" blockId="12.[859,1529,1468,2024]" box="[859,1279,1558,1580]" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">Type locality: Newport, Rhode Island.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C34D22B9E12ADF3EFCB83D106DA7FEC2" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="456" pageId="12" pageNumber="455" type="taxon_list">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12ADF3FFCB83D106901F9ED" blockId="12.[859,1529,1468,2024]" box="[859,1048,1587,1609]" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">Included species:</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12ADF3FFC903D7169A5F9C3" blockId="12.[859,1529,1468,2024]" box="[883,1212,1616,1639]" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12ADF3FFC903D7169A5F9C3" authority="(Gilbert, 1892)" baseAuthorityName="Gilbert" baseAuthorityYear="1892" box="[883,1212,1616,1639]" family="Serranidae" genus="Hyporthodus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="455" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="acanthistius">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12ADF3FFC903D716908F9C2" box="[883,1041,1616,1639]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">H. acanthistius</emphasis>
|
||||
(Gilbert, 1892)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12ADF3FFC903D4C68AEF920" blockId="12.[859,1529,1468,2024]" box="[883,1463,1646,1669]" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12ADF3FFC903D4C69A7F921" authority="(Castelnau, 1861)" baseAuthorityName="Castelnau" baseAuthorityYear="1861" box="[883,1214,1646,1669]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="455" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chabaudi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12ADF3FFC903D4C6EEAF920" box="[883,1011,1646,1668]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">H. chabaudi</emphasis>
|
||||
(Castelnau, 1861)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(formerly
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12ADF3FFAD73D4D68B7F920" authorityName="Bloch" authorityYear="1793" box="[1332,1454,1646,1668]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="455" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12ADF3FFAD73D4D68B7F920" box="[1332,1454,1646,1668]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">Epinephelus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12ADF3FFC903DAE6EAAF91B" blockId="12.[859,1529,1468,2024]" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12ADF3FFC903DAE6804F905" authority="Lavenberg & Grove, 1993" authorityName="Lavenberg & Grove" authorityYear="1993" box="[883,1309,1676,1698]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="455" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cifuentesi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12ADF3FFC903DAE6EECF906" box="[883,1013,1676,1698]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">H. cifuentesi</emphasis>
|
||||
Lavenberg & Grove, 1993
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(formerly
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12ADF3FFA763DAF6EB2F91B" authorityName="Bloch" authorityYear="1793" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="455" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12ADF3FFA763DAF6EB2F91B" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">Epinephelus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12ADF3FFC903DEB6EDEF95E" blockId="12.[859,1529,1468,2024]" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12ADF3FFC903DEB689AF97A" authority="(Temminck & Schlegel, 1842)" baseAuthorityName="Temminck & Schlegel" baseAuthorityYear="1842" box="[883,1411,1735,1758]" family="Serranidae" genus="Trisotropis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="455" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dermopterus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12ADF3FFC903DEB690EF979" box="[883,1047,1735,1757]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">H. dermopterus</emphasis>
|
||||
(Temminck & Schlegel, 1842)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(formerly
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12ADF3FFC6E3DC66ED9F95E" authorityName="Randall, Johnson & Lowe" authorityYear="1989" box="[909,960,1765,1786]" family="Serranidae" genus="Triso" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="455" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12ADF3FFC6E3DC66ED9F95E" box="[909,960,1765,1786]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">Triso</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12ADF3FFC903C2069D5F8BD" blockId="12.[859,1529,1468,2024]" box="[883,1228,1794,1817]" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12ADF3FFC903C2069D5F8BD" authority="(Whitley, 1930)" baseAuthorityName="Whitley" baseAuthorityYear="1930" box="[883,1228,1794,1817]" family="Serranidae" genus="Hyporthodus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="455" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ergastularius">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12ADF3FFC903C20690FF8BC" box="[883,1046,1794,1816]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">H. ergastularius</emphasis>
|
||||
(Whitley, 1930)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12ADF3FFC903C026977F893" blockId="12.[859,1529,1468,2024]" box="[883,1134,1824,1847]" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12ADF3FFC903C026977F893" authority="(Fowler, 1944)" baseAuthorityName="Fowler" baseAuthorityYear="1944" box="[883,1134,1824,1847]" family="Serranidae" genus="Hyporthodus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="455" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="exsul">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12ADF3FFC903C026ED1F892" box="[883,968,1824,1846]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">H. exsul</emphasis>
|
||||
(Fowler, 1944)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12ADF3FFC903C1D69ABF8F0" blockId="12.[859,1529,1468,2024]" box="[883,1202,1853,1876]" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12ADF3FFC903C1D69ABF8F0" authority="(Poey, 1865)" baseAuthorityName="Poey" baseAuthorityYear="1865" box="[883,1202,1853,1876]" family="Serranidae" genus="Hyporthodus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="455" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flavolimbatus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12ADF3FFC903C1D6938F8F7" box="[883,1057,1853,1875]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">H. flavolimbatus</emphasis>
|
||||
(Poey, 1865)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12ADF3FFC903C7F69A2F8D6" blockId="12.[859,1529,1468,2024]" box="[883,1211,1883,1906]" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12ADF3FFC903C7F69A2F8D6" authority="(Ben-Tuvia, 1953)" baseAuthorityName="Ben-Tuvia" baseAuthorityYear="1953" box="[883,1211,1883,1906]" family="Serranidae" genus="Hyporthodus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="455" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="haifensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12ADF3FFC903C7F6EF6F8D5" box="[883,1007,1883,1905]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">H. haifensis</emphasis>
|
||||
(Ben-Tuvia, 1953)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12ADF3FFC903C596981F82B" blockId="12.[859,1529,1468,2024]" box="[883,1176,1912,1935]" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12ADF3FFC903C596981F82B" authority="(Poey, 1852)" baseAuthorityName="Poey" baseAuthorityYear="1852" box="[883,1176,1912,1935]" family="Serranidae" genus="Hyporthodus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="455" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mystacinus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12ADF3FFC903C59691EF82B" box="[883,1031,1914,1935]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">H. mystacinus</emphasis>
|
||||
(Poey, 1852)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12ADF3FFC903CB469BEF809" blockId="12.[859,1529,1468,2024]" box="[883,1191,1942,1965]" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12ADF3FFC903CB469BEF809" authority="(Holbrook, 1855)" baseAuthorityName="Holbrook" baseAuthorityYear="1855" box="[883,1191,1942,1965]" family="Serranidae" genus="Hyporthodus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="455" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigritus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12ADF3FFC903CB46EF8F808" box="[883,993,1943,1964]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">H. nigritus</emphasis>
|
||||
(Holbrook, 1855)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12ADF3FFC903C96681DF86F" blockId="12.[859,1529,1468,2024]" box="[883,1284,1972,1995]" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12ADF3FFC903C96681DF86F" authority="(Gilbert & Starks, 1897)" baseAuthorityName="Gilbert & Starks" baseAuthorityYear="1897" box="[883,1284,1972,1995]" family="Serranidae" genus="Hyporthodus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="455" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="niphobles">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12ADF3FFC903C966EEFF86E" box="[883,1014,1972,1994]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">H. niphobles</emphasis>
|
||||
(Gilbert & Starks, 1897)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12ADF3FFC903CF169C0F84C" blockId="12.[859,1529,1468,2024]" box="[883,1241,2001,2024]" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12ADF3FFC903CF169C0F84C" authority="(Valenciennes, 1828)" baseAuthorityName="Valenciennes" baseAuthorityYear="1828" box="[883,1241,2001,2024]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="455" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="niveatus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12ADF3FFC903CF16EF0F843" box="[883,1001,2002,2023]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">H. niveatus</emphasis>
|
||||
(Valenciennes, 1828)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12BDF3EFF9C3BA76CD5FF3E" blockId="13.[103,772,131,358]" box="[127,460,131,154]" pageId="13" pageNumber="456">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12BDF3EFF9C3BA76CD5FF3E" authority="(Griffin, 1926)" baseAuthorityName="Griffin" baseAuthorityYear="1926" box="[127,460,131,154]" family="Serranidae" genus="Hyporthodus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="456" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="octofasciatus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12BDF3EFF9C3BA76C3AFF3D" box="[127,291,131,153]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="456">H. octofasciatus</emphasis>
|
||||
(Griffin, 1926)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12BDF3EFF9C3B826C9DFF13" blockId="13.[103,772,131,358]" box="[127,388,160,183]" pageId="13" pageNumber="456">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12BDF3EFF9C3B826C9DFF13" authority="(Seale, 1901)" baseAuthorityName="Seale" baseAuthorityYear="1901" box="[127,388,160,183]" family="Serranidae" genus="Hyporthodus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="456" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quernus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12BDF3EFF9C3B826DE9FF12" box="[127,240,161,182]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="456">H. quernus</emphasis>
|
||||
(Seale, 1901)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12BDF3EFF9C3B9D6F13FF70" blockId="13.[103,772,131,358]" box="[127,522,189,212]" pageId="13" pageNumber="456">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12BDF3EFF9C3B9D6F13FF70" authority="(Thunberg, 1793)" baseAuthorityName="Thunberg" baseAuthorityYear="1793" box="[127,522,189,212]" family="Serranidae" genus="Hyporthodus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="456" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="septemfasciatus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12BDF3EFF9C3B9D6C59FF77" box="[127,320,189,211]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="456">H. septemfasciatus</emphasis>
|
||||
(Thunberg, 1793)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12BDF3EFF843BF86C54FF54" blockId="13.[103,772,131,358]" box="[103,333,218,241]" pageId="13" pageNumber="456">
|
||||
Species
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12BDF3EFF5E3BFF6C54FF54" box="[189,333,218,241]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="456">incertae sedis:</emphasis>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12BDF3EFF9C3BDA6F4BFEA9" blockId="13.[103,772,131,358]" box="[127,594,248,270]" pageId="13" pageNumber="456">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12BDF3EFF9C3BDA6F4BFEA9" authority="* Randall & Heemstra, 1991" authorityName="* Randall & Heemstra" authorityYear="1991" box="[127,594,248,270]" family="Serranidae" genus="Hyporthodus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="456" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="darwinensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12BDF3EFF9C3BDA6C3FFEAA" box="[127,294,248,270]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="456">H. darwinensis*</emphasis>
|
||||
Randall & Heemstra, 1991
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12BDF3EFF9C3A356F42FE88" blockId="13.[103,772,131,358]" box="[127,603,277,300]" pageId="13" pageNumber="456">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12BDF3EFF9C3A356F42FE88" authority="* (Randall, Hoese & Last, 1991)" authorityName="* (Randall, Hoese & Last" authorityYear="1991" baseAuthorityName="Randall, Hoese & Last" baseAuthorityYear="1991" box="[127,603,277,300]" family="Serranidae" genus="Hyporthodus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="456" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="perplexus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12BDF3EFF9C3A356C13FE8F" box="[127,266,277,299]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="456">H. perplexus*</emphasis>
|
||||
(Randall, Hoese & Last, 1991)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12BDF3EFF9C3A176DA7FEC2" blockId="13.[103,772,131,358]" pageId="13" pageNumber="456">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12BDF3EFF9C3A176F32FEEC" authority="Goode & Bean, 1878" authorityName="Goode & Bean" authorityYear="1878" box="[127,555,306,329]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="456" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="drummondhayi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12BDF3EFF9C3A176C24FEEC" box="[127,317,306,329]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="456">H. drummondhayi</emphasis>
|
||||
Goode & Bean, 1878
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(formerly
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12BDF3EFD433A116DAFFEC2" authorityName="Bloch" authorityYear="1793" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="456" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12BDF3EFD433A116DAFFEC2" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="456">Epinephelus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
89
data/03/FE/C0/03FEC024E12ADF3FFCB83E2A698FFA32.xml
Normal file
89
data/03/FE/C0/03FEC024E12ADF3FFCB83E2A698FFA32.xml
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
|
|||
<document id="CED7F94F9B1A4F40812E303D9714E08A" ID-CLB-Dataset="298900" ID-DOI="10.1643/ci-18-055" ID-GBIF-Dataset="4919bfd6-3d35-48b9-9421-c852fa35abab" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12536069" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="julia" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="julia" IM.metadata_approvedBy="julia" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="julia" IM.treatments_approvedBy="julia" checkinTime="1719340789171" checkinUser="julia" docAuthor="Ma, Ka Yan & Craig, Matthew T." docDate="2018" docId="03FEC024E12ADF3FFCB83E2A698FFA32" docLanguage="en" docName="copeia.106.3.443-456.pdf" docOrigin="Copeia 106 (3)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1643/ci-18-055" docTitle="Gonioplectrus Gill 1862" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="455" masterDocId="FFC7B85CE126DF33FFE33B236D19FFA4" masterDocTitle="An Inconvenient Monophyly: An Update on the Taxonomy of the Groupers (Epinephelidae)" masterLastPageNumber="456" masterPageNumber="443" pageNumber="455" updateTime="1719854615312" updateUser="julia">
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<mods:title id="1BAAE682FB0723744A6839242AA276E6">An Inconvenient Monophyly: An Update on the Taxonomy of the Groupers (Epinephelidae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="BE369182453178A6C8B3E2A530E50310" type="personal">
|
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<mods:role id="A74195EA3F47D7364FD49574620E9A1B">
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<mods:roleTerm id="8DB6E4945F38440FAD4A91BCA154BBBF">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="52FA21A5A4CC0B9BCB12795AF8B7ADF2">Ma, Ka Yan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="B5004379919F1B1FA814F643DCB3A12E">Simon F. S. Li Marine Science Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, 999077, Hong Kong SAR.</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
|
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<mods:name id="897201F9C2AEA5ED2D7F7471192E9FE7" type="personal">
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</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="A569C435809D43D9AEF905EB9F99727A">Craig, Matthew T.</mods:namePart>
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||||
<mods:affiliation id="C0F299C314B9BC4454048129181DF6D5">2 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, 8901 La Jolla Shores Drive, La Jolla, California 92037</mods:affiliation>
|
||||
<mods:nameIdentifier id="E2AA0769F0847DFDD3BC1AC259227598" type="email">matthew.craig@noaa.gov.</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="DB7D4A77718769EB3E58A08DB0F0682E">Copeia</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="1B7DD08158B0C54073DCA6880D1270B8">
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<mods:date id="478AA65CCE95F12260CEA0DEBE4C7EC1">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="D8FC935C0565F5A22ED003CBF95169B7">2018-10-31</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="7428A6A956734B64B4AA14EA4776FB09">106</mods:number>
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|
||||
<treatment id="03FEC024E12ADF3FFCB83E2A698FFA32" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12536339" ID-GBIF-Taxon="233767941" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12536339" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FEC024E12ADF3FFCB83E2A698FFA32" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FEC024E12ADF3FFCB83E2A698FFA32" lastPageNumber="455" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">
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||||
<subSubSection id="C34D22B9E12ADF3FFCB83E2A69F0FA84" box="[859,1257,1289,1312]" pageId="12" pageNumber="455" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12ADF3FFCB83E2A69F0FA84" blockId="12.[859,1334,1289,1430]" box="[859,1257,1289,1312]" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">
|
||||
<heading id="D0A0C65EE12ADF3FFCB83E2A69F0FA84" bold="true" box="[859,1257,1289,1312]" fontSize="9" level="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="455" reason="6">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12ADF3FFCB83E2A69F0FA84" bold="true" box="[859,1257,1289,1312]" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">
|
||||
Genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12ADF3FFC493E2A6971FA84" ID-CoL="4Q6F" authority="Gill" authorityName="Gill" authorityYear="1862" box="[938,1128,1289,1312]" family="Serranidae" genus="Gonioplectrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="455" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12ADF3FFC493E2A6922FA84" bold="true" box="[938,1083,1289,1312]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">Gonioplectrus</emphasis>
|
||||
Gill
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(1 species)
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C34D22B9E12ADF3FFCB83E04682FFA99" box="[859,1334,1318,1341]" pageId="12" pageNumber="455" type="type_taxon">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12ADF3FFCB83E04682FFA99" blockId="12.[859,1334,1289,1430]" box="[859,1334,1318,1341]" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">
|
||||
Type species:
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12ADF3FFC103E05682FFA99" authority="Cuvier." authorityName="Cuvier." box="[1011,1334,1318,1341]" family="Serranidae" genus="Plectropoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="455" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hispanum">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12ADF3FFC103E0569C6FA98" box="[1011,1247,1318,1340]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">Plectropoma hispanum</emphasis>
|
||||
Cuvier.
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C34D22B9E12ADF3FFCB83E666962FAFE" box="[859,1147,1348,1370]" pageId="12" pageNumber="455" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12ADF3FFCB83E666962FAFE" blockId="12.[859,1334,1289,1430]" box="[859,1147,1348,1370]" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">Type locality: Martinique.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C34D22B9E12ADF3FFCB83E41698FFA32" pageId="12" pageNumber="455" type="taxon_list">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12ADF3FFCB83E416901FADC" blockId="12.[859,1334,1289,1430]" box="[859,1048,1378,1400]" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">Included species:</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12ADF3FFC903EA3698FFA32" blockId="12.[859,1334,1289,1430]" box="[883,1174,1407,1430]" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12ADF3FFC903EA3698FFA32" authority="(Cuvier, 1828)" baseAuthorityName="Cuvier" baseAuthorityYear="1828" box="[883,1174,1407,1430]" family="Serranidae" genus="Gonioplectrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="455" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hispanus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12ADF3FFC903EA36EE9FA31" box="[883,1008,1407,1429]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">G. hispanus</emphasis>
|
||||
(Cuvier, 1828)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
542
data/03/FE/C0/03FEC024E12ADF3FFF6D39BF69F9FB45.xml
Normal file
542
data/03/FE/C0/03FEC024E12ADF3FFF6D39BF69F9FB45.xml
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,542 @@
|
|||
<document id="A7A493C37E4EF8536D9BBF1501252E34" ID-CLB-Dataset="298900" ID-DOI="10.1643/ci-18-055" ID-GBIF-Dataset="4919bfd6-3d35-48b9-9421-c852fa35abab" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12536069" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="julia" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="julia" IM.metadata_approvedBy="julia" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="julia" IM.treatments_approvedBy="julia" checkinTime="1719340789171" checkinUser="julia" docAuthor="Ma, Ka Yan & Craig, Matthew T." docDate="2018" docId="03FEC024E12ADF3FFF6D39BF69F9FB45" docLanguage="en" docName="copeia.106.3.443-456.pdf" docOrigin="Copeia 106 (3)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1643/ci-18-055" docTitle="Epinephelus Bloch 1793" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="455" masterDocId="FFC7B85CE126DF33FFE33B236D19FFA4" masterDocTitle="An Inconvenient Monophyly: An Update on the Taxonomy of the Groupers (Epinephelidae)" masterLastPageNumber="456" masterPageNumber="443" pageNumber="455" updateTime="1719854615312" updateUser="julia">
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<mods:mods id="CD3FCCCA4A0140DC5F2C4D12C5729C17" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="9752B52FA3CD91199AC2616D5E2CC960">
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<mods:title id="4226FF45C4BBFD497B7A3FE42136CBA9">An Inconvenient Monophyly: An Update on the Taxonomy of the Groupers (Epinephelidae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="FA887E57D555612992A8B3F5350369DE" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="C2F10BDF7AE4A06AEDF2F6A49DC9FDA3">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="3092B0C7584061500600A0912A5B2E72">Ma, Ka Yan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="0F8893D977467E200D24AA7C8E25714F">Simon F. S. Li Marine Science Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, 999077, Hong Kong SAR.</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="22CD30EE7373184DAA6E0C4DA1A47603">Craig, Matthew T.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="275BB46CA8B7E853CB66C4A133C2526C">2 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, 8901 La Jolla Shores Drive, La Jolla, California 92037</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="2E4E35702F267C0E82A591ED7E610AE5" type="email">matthew.craig@noaa.gov.</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="9A5FD65EEE5CF50E9B6244E3F9D8BCCA">Copeia</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="DD3F3A6F7C6E4D772D2AF93A0B9B4C81">
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<mods:date id="F993342768137E4F6D5C1107A77B0F09">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:classification id="172255D8AA8A478C553BDDB814CAE74E">journal article</mods:classification>
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<treatment id="03FEC024E12ADF3FFF6D39BF69F9FB45" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12536337" ID-GBIF-Taxon="233767940" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12536337" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FEC024E12ADF3FFF6D39BF69F9FB45" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FEC024E12ADF3FFF6D39BF69F9FB45" lastPageNumber="455" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">
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<subSubSection id="C34D22B9E12ADF3FFF6D39BF6F34FD17" box="[142,557,668,691]" pageId="12" pageNumber="455" type="nomenclature">
|
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<paragraph id="8BE87132E12ADF3FFF6D39BF6F34FD17" blockId="12.[142,812,668,2024]" box="[142,557,668,691]" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">
|
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<heading id="D0A0C65EE12ADF3FFF6D39BF6F34FD17" bold="true" box="[142,557,668,691]" fontSize="9" level="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="455" reason="6">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12ADF3FFF6D39BF6F34FD17" bold="true" box="[142,557,668,691]" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">
|
||||
Genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12ADF3FFF3E39BF6C86FD17" ID-CoL="4D84" authority="Bloch" authorityName="Bloch" authorityYear="1793" box="[221,415,668,691]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="455" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12ADF3FFF3E39BF6C40FD17" bold="true" box="[221,345,668,691]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">Epinephelus</emphasis>
|
||||
Bloch
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(76 species)
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C34D22B9E12ADF3FFF6D39986C60FCA8" pageId="12" pageNumber="455" type="type_taxon">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12ADF3FFF6D39986C60FCA8" blockId="12.[142,812,668,2024]" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">
|
||||
Type species:
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12ADF3FFEDB39996F9CFD74" authority="Bloch" authorityName="Bloch" authorityYear="1793" box="[312,645,698,720]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="455" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marginalis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12ADF3FFEDB39996F2DFD74" box="[312,564,698,720]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">Epinephelus marginalis</emphasis>
|
||||
Bloch
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12ADF3FFD78399A6FB2FD74" bold="true" box="[667,683,697,720]" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">¼</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12ADF3FFD4839986E35FD74" baseAuthorityName="Forsskal" baseAuthorityYear="1775" box="[683,812,698,720]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="455" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fasciatus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12ADF3FFD4839986E35FD74" box="[683,812,698,720]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">E. fasciatus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
[Forsskål] designated under the plenary powers of the ICZN Opinion 93).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C34D22B9E12ADF3FFF6D38306C9EFC8C" box="[142,391,787,809]" pageId="12" pageNumber="455" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12ADF3FFF6D38306C9EFC8C" blockId="12.[142,812,668,2024]" box="[142,391,787,809]" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">Type locality: Red Sea.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C34D22B9E12ADF3FFF6D381369F9FB45" pageId="12" pageNumber="455" type="taxon_list">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12ADF3FFF6D38136C52FCE2" blockId="12.[142,812,668,2024]" box="[142,331,816,838]" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">Included species:</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12ADF3FFF45386C6CF6FCC1" blockId="12.[142,812,668,2024]" box="[166,495,846,869]" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12ADF3FFF45386C6CF6FCC1" authority="(Osbeck, 1765)" baseAuthorityName="Osbeck" baseAuthorityYear="1765" box="[166,495,846,869]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="455" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="adscensionis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12ADF3FFF45386C6C58FCC0" box="[166,321,846,868]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">E. adscensionis</emphasis>
|
||||
(Osbeck, 1765)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12ADF3FFF45384F6F4EFC26" blockId="12.[142,812,668,2024]" box="[166,599,875,898]" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12ADF3FFF45384F6F4EFC26" authority="(Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1817)" baseAuthorityName="Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire" baseAuthorityYear="1817" box="[166,599,875,898]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="455" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aeneus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12ADF3FFF45384F6C1EFC25" box="[166,263,876,897]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">E. aeneus</emphasis>
|
||||
(Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1817)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12ADF3FFF4538A96F40FC04" blockId="12.[142,812,668,2024]" box="[166,601,905,928]" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12ADF3FFF4538A96F40FC04" authority="(Temminck & Schlegel, 1842)" baseAuthorityName="Temminck & Schlegel" baseAuthorityYear="1842" box="[166,601,905,928]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="455" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="akaara">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12ADF3FFF4538A96C10FC3B" box="[166,265,905,927]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">E. akaara</emphasis>
|
||||
(Temminck & Schlegel, 1842)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12ADF3FFF45388B6FE0FC19" blockId="12.[142,812,668,2024]" box="[166,761,935,958]" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12ADF3FFF45388B6F1BFC1A" authority="(Valenciennes, 1828)" baseAuthorityName="Valenciennes" baseAuthorityYear="1828" box="[166,514,935,958]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="455" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="altivelis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12ADF3FFF45388B6C08FC19" box="[166,273,935,957]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">E. altivelis</emphasis>
|
||||
(Valenciennes, 1828)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(formerly
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12ADF3FFD9B38846FE9FC19" authorityName="Swainson" authorityYear="1839" box="[632,752,935,957]" family="Serranidae" genus="Cromileptes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="455" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12ADF3FFD9B38846FE9FC19" box="[632,752,935,957]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">Cromileptes</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12ADF3FFF4538E66F1EFC7F" blockId="12.[142,812,668,2024]" box="[166,519,964,987]" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12ADF3FFF4538E66F1EFC7F" authority="(Bleeker, 1857)" baseAuthorityName="Bleeker" baseAuthorityYear="1857" box="[166,519,964,987]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="455" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="amblycephalus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12ADF3FFF4538E66C42FC7E" box="[166,347,964,986]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">E. amblycephalus</emphasis>
|
||||
(Bleeker, 1857)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12ADF3FFF4538C06C8DFC5C" blockId="12.[142,812,668,2024]" box="[166,404,994,1016]" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12ADF3FFF4538C06C8DFC5C" authority="Gill, 1863" authorityName="Gill" authorityYear="1863" box="[166,404,994,1016]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="455" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="analogus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12ADF3FFF4538C06C07FC5C" box="[166,286,994,1016]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">E. analogus</emphasis>
|
||||
Gill, 1863
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12ADF3FFF453F226CCDFBB3" blockId="12.[142,812,668,2024]" box="[166,468,1024,1047]" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12ADF3FFF453F226CCDFBB3" authority="(Forsskal, 1775)" baseAuthorityName="Forsskal" baseAuthorityYear="1775" box="[166,468,1024,1047]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="455" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="areolatus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12ADF3FFF453F226C06FBB2" box="[166,287,1024,1046]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">E. areolatus</emphasis>
|
||||
(Forsskål, 1775)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12ADF3FFF453F3D6F47FB90" blockId="12.[142,812,668,2024]" box="[166,606,1053,1076]" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12ADF3FFF453F3D6F47FB90" authority="(Temminck & Schlegel, 1842)" baseAuthorityName="Temminck & Schlegel" baseAuthorityYear="1842" box="[166,606,1053,1076]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="455" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="awoara">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12ADF3FFF453F3D6C17FB97" box="[166,270,1054,1075]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">E. awoara</emphasis>
|
||||
(Temminck & Schlegel, 1842)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12ADF3FFF453F1F6F06FBF4" blockId="12.[142,812,668,2024]" box="[166,543,1083,1105]" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12ADF3FFF453F1F6F06FBF4" authority="Randall & Allen, 1987" authorityName="Randall & Allen" authorityYear="1987" box="[166,543,1083,1105]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="455" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bilobatus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12ADF3FFF453F1F6C39FBF5" box="[166,288,1083,1105]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">E. bilobatus</emphasis>
|
||||
Randall & Allen, 1987
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12ADF3FFF453F796CDAFBCB" blockId="12.[142,812,668,2024]" box="[166,451,1112,1135]" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12ADF3FFF453F796CDAFBCB" authority="(Vaillant, 1878)" baseAuthorityName="Vaillant" baseAuthorityYear="1878" box="[166,451,1112,1135]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="455" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bleekeri">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12ADF3FFF453F796C16FBCA" box="[166,271,1112,1135]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">E. bleekeri</emphasis>
|
||||
(Vaillant, 1878)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12ADF3FFF453F546CD6FB29" blockId="12.[142,812,668,2024]" box="[166,463,1142,1165]" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12ADF3FFF453F546CD6FB29" authority="(Bleeker, 1855)" baseAuthorityName="Bleeker" baseAuthorityYear="1855" box="[166,463,1142,1165]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="455" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bontoides">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12ADF3FFF453F546C3AFB28" box="[166,291,1142,1164]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">E. bontoides</emphasis>
|
||||
(Bleeker, 1855)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12ADF3FFF453FB66CB9FB0D" blockId="12.[142,812,668,2024]" box="[166,416,1172,1194]" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12ADF3FFF453FB66CB9FB0D" authority="Bloch, 1793" authorityName="Bloch" authorityYear="1793" box="[166,416,1172,1194]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="455" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bruneus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12ADF3FFF453FB66C0AFB0E" box="[166,275,1172,1194]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">E. bruneus</emphasis>
|
||||
Bloch, 1793
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12ADF3FFF453F916F2CFB6C" blockId="12.[142,812,668,2024]" box="[166,565,1201,1224]" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12ADF3FFF453F916F2CFB6C" authority="(Valenciennes, 1828)" baseAuthorityName="Valenciennes" baseAuthorityYear="1828" box="[166,565,1201,1224]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="455" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chlorostigma">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12ADF3FFF453F916C5CFB63" box="[166,325,1201,1223]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">E. chlorostigma</emphasis>
|
||||
(Valenciennes, 1828)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12ADF3FFF453FF36F6AFB41" blockId="12.[142,812,668,2024]" box="[166,627,1231,1253]" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12ADF3FFF453FF36F6AFB41" authority="Allen & Robertson, 1999" authorityName="Allen & Robertson" authorityYear="1999" box="[166,627,1231,1253]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="455" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="clippertonensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12ADF3FFF453FF36C4EFB41" box="[166,343,1231,1253]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">E. clippertonensis</emphasis>
|
||||
Allen & Robertson, 1999
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12ADF3FFF453FCD6F0CFAA0" blockId="12.[142,812,668,2024]" box="[166,533,1261,1284]" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12ADF3FFF453FCD6F0CFAA0" authority="(Bloch, 1790)" baseAuthorityName="Bloch" baseAuthorityYear="1790" box="[166,533,1261,1284]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="455" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="coeruleopunctatus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12ADF3FFF453FCD6C61FAA7" box="[166,376,1261,1283]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">E. coeruleopunctatus</emphasis>
|
||||
(Bloch, 1790)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12ADF3FFF453E286CC3FA85" blockId="12.[142,812,668,2024]" box="[166,474,1290,1313]" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12ADF3FFF453E286C0BFA84" baseAuthorityName="Hamilton" baseAuthorityYear="1822" box="[166,274,1290,1312]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="455" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="coioides">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12ADF3FFF453E286C0BFA84" box="[166,274,1290,1312]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">E. coioides</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Hamilton, 1822)
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12ADF3FFF453E0A6F02FA9B" blockId="12.[142,812,668,2024]" box="[166,539,1320,1343]" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12ADF3FFF453E0A6F02FA9B" authority="(Valenciennes, 1828)" baseAuthorityName="Valenciennes" baseAuthorityYear="1828" box="[166,539,1320,1343]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="455" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="corallicola">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12ADF3FFF453E0A6C32FA9A" box="[166,299,1320,1342]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">E. corallicola</emphasis>
|
||||
(Valenciennes, 1828)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12ADF3FFF453E646F0AFAF9" blockId="12.[142,812,668,2024]" box="[166,531,1350,1373]" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12ADF3FFF453E646F0AFAF9" authority="(Richardson, 1846)" baseAuthorityName="Richardson" baseAuthorityYear="1846" box="[166,531,1350,1373]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="455" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cyanopodus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12ADF3FFF453E646C20FAF8" box="[166,313,1350,1372]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">E. cyanopodus</emphasis>
|
||||
(Richardson, 1846)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12ADF3FFF453E476CCDFADE" blockId="12.[142,812,668,2024]" box="[166,468,1379,1402]" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12ADF3FFF453E476CCDFADE" authority="(Gunther, 1876)" baseAuthorityName="Gunther" baseAuthorityYear="1876" box="[166,468,1379,1402]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="455" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="daemelii">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12ADF3FFF453E476C00FADD" box="[166,281,1379,1401]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">E. daemelii</emphasis>
|
||||
(Günther, 1876)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12ADF3FFF453EA16F3AFA3C" blockId="12.[142,812,668,2024]" box="[166,547,1409,1432]" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12ADF3FFF453EA16F3AFA3C" authority="(Valenciennes, 1828)" baseAuthorityName="Valenciennes" baseAuthorityYear="1828" box="[166,547,1409,1432]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="455" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="diacanthus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12ADF3FFF453EA16C2AFA33" box="[166,307,1409,1431]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">E. diacanthus</emphasis>
|
||||
(Valenciennes, 1828)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12ADF3FFF453EBC6F03FA11" blockId="12.[142,812,668,2024]" box="[166,538,1438,1461]" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12ADF3FFF453EBC6F03FA11" authority="(Valenciennes, 1828)" baseAuthorityName="Valenciennes" baseAuthorityYear="1828" box="[166,538,1438,1461]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="455" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="erythrurus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12ADF3FFF453EBC6C33FA10" box="[166,298,1438,1460]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">E. erythrurus</emphasis>
|
||||
(Valenciennes, 1828)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12ADF3FFF453E9E6F05FA77" blockId="12.[142,812,668,2024]" box="[166,540,1468,1491]" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12ADF3FFF453E9E6F05FA77" authority="(Peters, 1865)" baseAuthorityName="Peters" baseAuthorityYear="1865" box="[166,540,1468,1491]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="455" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fasciatomaculosus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12ADF3FFF453E9E6C64FA76" box="[166,381,1468,1490]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">E. fasciatomaculosus</emphasis>
|
||||
(Peters, 1865)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12ADF3FFF453EF86CC8FA55" blockId="12.[142,812,668,2024]" box="[166,465,1498,1521]" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12ADF3FFF453EF86CC8FA55" authority="(Forsskal, 1775)" baseAuthorityName="Forsskal" baseAuthorityYear="1775" box="[166,465,1498,1521]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="455" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fasciatus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12ADF3FFF453EF86C05FA54" box="[166,284,1498,1520]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">E. fasciatus</emphasis>
|
||||
(Forsskål, 1775)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12ADF3FFF453EDB6F1EF9AA" blockId="12.[142,812,668,2024]" box="[166,519,1527,1550]" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12ADF3FFF453EDB6F1EF9AA" authority="(Valenciennes, 1828)" baseAuthorityName="Valenciennes" baseAuthorityYear="1828" box="[166,519,1527,1550]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="455" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="faveatus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12ADF3FFF453EDB6C0EF9A9" box="[166,279,1527,1549]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">E. faveatus</emphasis>
|
||||
(Valenciennes, 1828)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12ADF3FFF453D356F0FF988" blockId="12.[142,812,668,2024]" box="[166,534,1557,1580]" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12ADF3FFF453D356F0FF988" authority="(Lacepede, 1802)" baseAuthorityName="Lacepede" baseAuthorityYear="1802" box="[166,534,1557,1580]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="455" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flavocaeruleus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12ADF3FFF453D356C4BF98F" box="[166,338,1557,1579]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">E. flavocaeruleus</emphasis>
|
||||
(Lacepède, 1802)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12ADF3FFF453D176CE7F9EE" blockId="12.[142,812,668,2024]" box="[166,510,1587,1610]" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12ADF3FFF453D176CE7F9EE" authority="(Forsskal, 1775)" baseAuthorityName="Forsskal" baseAuthorityYear="1775" box="[166,510,1587,1610]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="455" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuscoguttatus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12ADF3FFF453D176C50F9ED" box="[166,329,1587,1609]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">E. fuscoguttatus</emphasis>
|
||||
(Forsskål, 1775)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12ADF3FFF453D726F48F9C2" blockId="12.[142,812,668,2024]" box="[166,593,1616,1639]" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12ADF3FFF453D726F48F9C2" authority="Randall & Heemstra, 1991" authorityName="Randall & Heemstra" authorityYear="1991" box="[166,593,1616,1639]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="455" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gabriellae">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12ADF3FFF453D726C3DF9C2" box="[166,292,1616,1638]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">E. gabriellae</emphasis>
|
||||
Randall & Heemstra, 1991
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12ADF3FFF453D4C6CF6F921" blockId="12.[142,812,668,2024]" box="[166,495,1646,1669]" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12ADF3FFF453D4C6CF6F921" authority="(Klunzinger, 1870)" baseAuthorityName="Klunzinger" baseAuthorityYear="1870" box="[166,495,1646,1669]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="455" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="geoffroyi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12ADF3FFF453D4C6C01F920" box="[166,280,1646,1668]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">E. geoffroyi</emphasis>
|
||||
(Klunzinger, 1870)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12ADF3FFF453DAE6CC1F906" blockId="12.[142,812,668,2024]" box="[166,472,1675,1698]" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12ADF3FFF453DAE6CC1F906" authority="(Linnaeus, 1758)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[166,472,1675,1698]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="455" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guttatus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12ADF3FFF453DAE6C0CF906" box="[166,277,1677,1698]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">E. guttatus</emphasis>
|
||||
(Linnaeus, 1758)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12ADF3FFF453D896CF3F964" blockId="12.[142,812,668,2024]" box="[166,490,1705,1728]" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12ADF3FFF453D896CF3F964" authority="(Forster, 1801)" baseAuthorityName="Forster" baseAuthorityYear="1801" box="[166,490,1705,1728]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="455" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hexagonatus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12ADF3FFF453D896C5BF91B" box="[166,322,1705,1727]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">E. hexagonatus</emphasis>
|
||||
(Forster, 1801)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12ADF3FFF453DEB6CC7F97A" blockId="12.[142,812,668,2024]" box="[166,478,1735,1758]" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12ADF3FFF453DEB6CC7F97A" authority="(Gunther, 1873)" baseAuthorityName="Gunther" baseAuthorityYear="1873" box="[166,478,1735,1758]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="455" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="howlandi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12ADF3FFF453DEB6C3BF979" box="[166,290,1735,1757]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">E. howlandi</emphasis>
|
||||
(Günther, 1873)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12ADF3FFF453DC66FDBF95F" blockId="12.[142,812,668,2024]" box="[166,706,1764,1787]" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12ADF3FFF453DC66FDBF95F" authority="Tucker, Kurniasih and Craig, 2016" authorityName="Tucker, Kurniasih and Craig" authorityYear="2016" box="[166,706,1764,1787]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="455" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kupangensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12ADF3FFF453DC66C26F95E" box="[166,319,1764,1786]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">E. kupangensis</emphasis>
|
||||
Tucker, Kurniasih and Craig, 2016
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12ADF3FFF453C206CD9F8BD" blockId="12.[142,812,668,2024]" box="[166,448,1794,1817]" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12ADF3FFF453C206CD9F8BD" authority="(Forster, 1801)" baseAuthorityName="Forster" baseAuthorityYear="1801" box="[166,448,1794,1817]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="455" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="irroratus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12ADF3FFF453C206C00F8BC" box="[166,281,1795,1816]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">E. irroratus</emphasis>
|
||||
(Forster, 1801)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12ADF3FFF453C026CF4F893" blockId="12.[142,812,668,2024]" box="[166,493,1824,1847]" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12ADF3FFF453C026CF4F893" authority="(Lichtenstein, 1822)" baseAuthorityName="Lichtenstein" baseAuthorityYear="1822" box="[166,493,1824,1847]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="455" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="itajara">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12ADF3FFF453C026C1CF892" box="[166,261,1825,1846]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">E. itajara</emphasis>
|
||||
(Lichtenstein, 1822)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12ADF3FFF453C1D6CC2F8F0" blockId="12.[142,812,668,2024]" box="[166,475,1853,1876]" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12ADF3FFF453C1D6CC2F8F0" authority="(Jenyns, 1840)" baseAuthorityName="Jenyns" baseAuthorityYear="1840" box="[166,475,1853,1876]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="455" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="labriformis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12ADF3FFF453C1D6C2BF8F7" box="[166,306,1853,1875]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">E. labriformis</emphasis>
|
||||
(Jenyns, 1840)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12ADF3FFF453C7F6CCAF8D6" blockId="12.[142,812,668,2024]" box="[166,467,1883,1906]" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12ADF3FFF453C7F6CCAF8D6" authority="(Bloch, 1790)" baseAuthorityName="Bloch" baseAuthorityYear="1790" box="[166,467,1883,1906]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="455" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lanceolatus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12ADF3FFF453C7F6C2CF8D5" box="[166,309,1883,1905]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">E. lanceolatus</emphasis>
|
||||
(Bloch, 1790)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12ADF3FFF453C596F96F82B" blockId="12.[142,812,668,2024]" box="[166,655,1912,1935]" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12ADF3FFF453C596F96F82B" authority="(Temminck & Schlegel, 1842)" baseAuthorityName="Temminck & Schlegel" baseAuthorityYear="1842" box="[166,655,1912,1935]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="455" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="latifasciatus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12ADF3FFF453C596C26F82A" box="[166,319,1912,1935]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">E. latifasciatus</emphasis>
|
||||
(Temminck & Schlegel, 1842)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12ADF3FFF453CB46DE0F86E" blockId="12.[142,812,668,2024]" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12ADF3FFF453CB46F79F809" authority="(Valenciennes, 1828)" baseAuthorityName="Valenciennes" baseAuthorityYear="1828" box="[166,608,1942,1965]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="455" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leucogrammicus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12ADF3FFF453CB46C70F808" box="[166,361,1942,1964]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">E. leucogrammicus</emphasis>
|
||||
(Valenciennes, 1828)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(formerly
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12ADF3FFD3F3CB46DE8F86E" authorityName="Günther" authorityYear="1859" family="Serranidae" genus="Anyperodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="455" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12ADF3FFD3F3CB46DE8F86E" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">Anyperodon</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12ADF3FFF453CF169ADFF3E" blockId="12.[142,812,668,2024]" box="[166,1204,131,2024]" lastBlockId="12.[859,1432,131,1249]" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12ADF3FFF453CF16CD8F84C" authority="(Kner, 1864)" baseAuthorityName="Kner" baseAuthorityYear="1864" box="[166,449,2001,2024]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="455" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="longispinis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12ADF3FFF453CF16C36F843" box="[166,303,2001,2023]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">E. longispinis</emphasis>
|
||||
(Kner, 1864)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12ADF3FFC903BA769ADFF3E" authority="(Bleeker, 1855)" baseAuthorityName="Bleeker" baseAuthorityYear="1855" box="[883,1204,131,154]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="455" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macrospilos">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12ADF3FFC903BA76911FF3D" box="[883,1032,131,153]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">E. macrospilos</emphasis>
|
||||
(Bleeker, 1855)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12ADF3FFC903B826981FF13" blockId="12.[859,1432,131,1249]" box="[883,1176,160,183]" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12ADF3FFC903B826981FF13" authority="(Bloch, 1790)" baseAuthorityName="Bloch" baseAuthorityYear="1790" box="[883,1176,160,183]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="455" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maculatus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12ADF3FFC903B826EE2FF12" box="[883,1019,160,182]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">E. maculatus</emphasis>
|
||||
(Bloch, 1790)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12ADF3FFC903B9C69A7FEAB" blockId="12.[859,1432,131,1249]" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12ADF3FFC903B9C6881FF70" authority="Postel, Fourmanoir & Gueze, 1963" authorityName="Postel, Fourmanoir & Gueze" authorityYear="1963" box="[883,1432,190,212]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="455" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="magniscuttis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12ADF3FFC903B9C690BFF70" box="[883,1042,191,212]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">E. magniscuttis</emphasis>
|
||||
Postel, Fourmanoir & Gueze, 1963
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12ADF3FFC903BFF6823FF56" authority="(Bloch & Schneider, 1801)" baseAuthorityName="Bloch & Schneider" baseAuthorityYear="1801" box="[883,1338,219,242]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="455" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="malabaricus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12ADF3FFC903BFF6917FF55" box="[883,1038,219,241]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">E. malabaricus</emphasis>
|
||||
(Bloch & Schneider, 1801)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12ADF3FFC903BD969A7FEAB" authority="Schultz, 1953" authorityName="Schultz" authorityYear="1953" box="[883,1214,249,271]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="455" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanostigma">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12ADF3FFC903BD96939FEAB" box="[883,1056,249,271]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">E. melanostigma</emphasis>
|
||||
Schultz, 1953
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12ADF3FFC903A3B6941FE88" blockId="12.[859,1432,131,1249]" box="[883,1112,279,301]" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12ADF3FFC903A3B6941FE88" authority="Bloch, 1793" authorityName="Bloch" authorityYear="1793" box="[883,1112,279,301]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="455" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="merra">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12ADF3FFC903A3B6ED2FE89" box="[883,971,280,301]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">E. merra</emphasis>
|
||||
Bloch, 1793
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12ADF3FFC903A1669D6FEEF" blockId="12.[859,1432,131,1249]" box="[883,1231,308,331]" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12ADF3FFC903A1669D6FEEF" authority="(Valenciennes, 1830)" baseAuthorityName="Valenciennes" baseAuthorityYear="1830" box="[883,1231,308,331]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="455" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="miliaris">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12ADF3FFC903A166EC6FEEE" box="[883,991,308,330]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">E. miliaris</emphasis>
|
||||
(Valenciennes, 1830)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12ADF3FFC903A706838FECD" blockId="12.[859,1432,131,1249]" box="[883,1313,338,361]" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12ADF3FFC903A706838FECD" authority="(Temminck & Schlegel, 1842)" baseAuthorityName="Temminck & Schlegel" baseAuthorityYear="1842" box="[883,1313,338,361]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="455" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="moara">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12ADF3FFC903A706ECBFECC" box="[883,978,339,360]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">E. moara</emphasis>
|
||||
(Temminck & Schlegel, 1842)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12ADF3FFC903A5269A2FE23" blockId="12.[859,1432,131,1249]" box="[883,1211,368,391]" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12ADF3FFC903A5269A2FE23" authority="(Valenciennes, 1828)" baseAuthorityName="Valenciennes" baseAuthorityYear="1828" box="[883,1211,368,391]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="455" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="morio">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12ADF3FFC903A526ED2FE22" box="[883,971,369,390]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">E. morio</emphasis>
|
||||
(Valenciennes, 1828)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12ADF3FFC903AAD69ABFE00" blockId="12.[859,1432,131,1249]" box="[883,1202,397,420]" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12ADF3FFC903AAD69ABFE00" authority="(Peters, 1876)" baseAuthorityName="Peters" baseAuthorityYear="1876" box="[883,1202,397,420]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="455" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="multinotatus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12ADF3FFC903AAD690DFE07" box="[883,1044,397,419]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">E. multinotatus</emphasis>
|
||||
(Peters, 1876)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12ADF3FFC903A8F6971FE66" blockId="12.[859,1432,131,1249]" box="[883,1128,427,450]" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12ADF3FFC903A8F6971FE66" authority="(Bloch, 1790)" baseAuthorityName="Bloch" baseAuthorityYear="1790" box="[883,1128,427,450]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="455" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ongus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12ADF3FFC903A8F6ED2FE65" box="[883,971,428,449]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">E. ongus</emphasis>
|
||||
(Bloch, 1790)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12ADF3FFC903AE969C9FE59" blockId="12.[859,1432,131,1249]" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12ADF3FFC903AE9680DFE7A" authority="Randall & Heemstra, 1991" authorityName="Randall & Heemstra" authorityYear="1991" box="[883,1300,456,479]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="455" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="polylepis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12ADF3FFC903AE96EF1FE7A" box="[883,1000,456,479]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">E. polylepis</emphasis>
|
||||
Randall & Heemstra, 1991
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12ADF3FFC903AC469C9FE59" authority="(Bleeker, 1849)" baseAuthorityName="Bleeker" baseAuthorityYear="1849" box="[883,1232,486,509]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="455" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="polyphekadion">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12ADF3FFC903AC4693DFE58" box="[883,1060,486,508]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">E. polyphekadion</emphasis>
|
||||
(Bleeker, 1849)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12ADF3FFC90392669B2FDBF" blockId="12.[859,1432,131,1249]" box="[883,1195,516,539]" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12ADF3FFC90392669B2FDBF" authority="(Bleeker, 1853)" baseAuthorityName="Bleeker" baseAuthorityYear="1853" box="[883,1195,516,539]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="455" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="polystigma">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12ADF3FFC9039266EE6FDBE" box="[883,1023,516,538]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">E. polystigma</emphasis>
|
||||
(Bleeker, 1853)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12ADF3FFC90390169E9FD9C" blockId="12.[859,1432,131,1249]" box="[883,1264,545,568]" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12ADF3FFC90390169E9FD9C" authority="(Bocourt, 1868)" baseAuthorityName="Bocourt" baseAuthorityYear="1868" box="[883,1264,545,568]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="455" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quinquefasciatus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12ADF3FFC9039016925FD93" box="[883,1084,545,567]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">E. quinquefasciatus</emphasis>
|
||||
(Bocourt, 1868)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12ADF3FFC90396369F8FDF2" blockId="12.[859,1432,131,1249]" box="[883,1249,575,598]" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12ADF3FFC90396369F8FDF2" authority="(Valenciennes, 1830)" baseAuthorityName="Valenciennes" baseAuthorityYear="1830" box="[883,1249,575,598]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="455" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quoyanus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12ADF3FFC9039636EEBFDF1" box="[883,1010,576,597]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">E. quoyanus</emphasis>
|
||||
(Valenciennes, 1830)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12ADF3FFC90397D6974FDD7" blockId="12.[859,1432,131,1249]" box="[883,1133,605,627]" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12ADF3FFC90397D6974FDD7" authority="Bleeker, 1868" authorityName="Bleeker" authorityYear="1868" box="[883,1133,605,627]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="455" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="retouti">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12ADF3FFC90397D6EC8FDD7" box="[883,977,606,627]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">E. retouti</emphasis>
|
||||
Bleeker, 1868
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12ADF3FFC90395869C3FD35" blockId="12.[859,1432,131,1249]" box="[883,1242,634,657]" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12ADF3FFC90395869C3FD35" authority="(Valenciennes, 1830)" baseAuthorityName="Valenciennes" baseAuthorityYear="1830" box="[883,1242,634,657]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="455" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rivulatus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12ADF3FFC9039586EF3FD34" box="[883,1002,634,656]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">E. rivulatus</emphasis>
|
||||
(Valenciennes, 1830)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12ADF3FFC9039BA69E3FD0B" blockId="12.[859,1432,131,1249]" box="[883,1274,664,687]" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12ADF3FFC9039BA69E3FD0B" authority="(Valenciennes, 1828)" baseAuthorityName="Valenciennes" baseAuthorityYear="1828" box="[883,1274,664,687]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="455" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sexfasciatus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12ADF3FFC9039BA6913FD0A" box="[883,1034,664,686]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">E. sexfasciatus</emphasis>
|
||||
(Valenciennes, 1828)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12ADF3FFC903995698FFD68" blockId="12.[859,1432,131,1249]" box="[883,1174,693,716]" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12ADF3FFC903995698FFD68" authority="(Gunther, 1873)" baseAuthorityName="Gunther" baseAuthorityYear="1873" box="[883,1174,693,716]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="455" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="socialis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12ADF3FFC9039956EC2FD6F" box="[883,987,693,715]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">E. socialis</emphasis>
|
||||
(Günther, 1873)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12ADF3FFC9039F76982FD4D" blockId="12.[859,1432,131,1249]" box="[883,1179,723,745]" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12ADF3FFC9039F76982FD4D" authority="Schultz, 1953" authorityName="Schultz" authorityYear="1953" box="[883,1179,723,745]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="455" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="spilotoceps">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12ADF3FFC9039F76EE4FD4D" box="[883,1021,723,745]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">E. spilotoceps</emphasis>
|
||||
Schultz, 1953
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12ADF3FFC9039D169D6FCA2" blockId="12.[859,1432,131,1249]" box="[883,1231,753,775]" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12ADF3FFC9039D169D6FCA2" authority="Randall & Allen, 1987" authorityName="Randall & Allen" authorityYear="1987" box="[883,1231,753,775]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="455" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stictus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12ADF3FFC9039D16EC8FCA3" box="[883,977,754,775]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">E. stictus</emphasis>
|
||||
Randall & Allen, 1987
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12ADF3FFC90382C6962FC81" blockId="12.[859,1432,131,1249]" box="[883,1147,782,805]" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12ADF3FFC90382C6962FC81" authority="(Day, 1875)" baseAuthorityName="Day" baseAuthorityYear="1875" box="[883,1147,782,805]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="455" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stoliczkae">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12ADF3FFC90382C6EEAFC80" box="[883,1011,782,804]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">E. stoliczkae</emphasis>
|
||||
(Day, 1875)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12ADF3FFC90380E6960FCE7" blockId="12.[859,1432,131,1249]" box="[883,1145,812,835]" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12ADF3FFC90380E6960FCE7" authority="(Bloch, 1792)" baseAuthorityName="Bloch" baseAuthorityYear="1792" box="[883,1145,812,835]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="455" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="striatus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12ADF3FFC90380E6EC5FCE6" box="[883,988,813,834]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">E. striatus</emphasis>
|
||||
(Bloch, 1792)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12ADF3FFC90386869B2FCC5" blockId="12.[859,1432,131,1249]" box="[883,1195,842,865]" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12ADF3FFC90386869B2FCC5" authority="(Forsskal, 1775)" baseAuthorityName="Forsskal" baseAuthorityYear="1775" box="[883,1195,842,865]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="455" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="summana">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12ADF3FFC9038686EEEFCC4" box="[883,1015,843,864]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">E. summana</emphasis>
|
||||
(Forsskål, 1775)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12ADF3FFC90384B698AFCDA" blockId="12.[859,1432,131,1249]" box="[883,1171,871,894]" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12ADF3FFC90384B698AFCDA" authority="(Forsskal, 1775)" baseAuthorityName="Forsskal" baseAuthorityYear="1775" box="[883,1171,871,894]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="455" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tauvina">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12ADF3FFC90384B6EC7FCD9" box="[883,990,872,893]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">E. tauvina</emphasis>
|
||||
(Forsskal, 1775)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12ADF3FFC9038A569FEFC1C" blockId="12.[859,1432,131,1249]" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12ADF3FFC9038A56818FC38" authority="(Valenciennes, 1828)" baseAuthorityName="Valenciennes" baseAuthorityYear="1828" box="[883,1281,901,924]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="455" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trimaculatus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12ADF3FFC9038A56908FC3F" box="[883,1041,901,923]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">E. trimaculatus</emphasis>
|
||||
(Valenciennes, 1828)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12ADF3FFC90388069FEFC1C" authority="Fourmanoir, 1971" authorityName="Fourmanoir" authorityYear="1971" box="[883,1255,931,953]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="455" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tuamotuensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12ADF3FFC9038806900FC1C" box="[883,1049,931,952]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">E. tuamotuensis</emphasis>
|
||||
Fourmanoir, 1971
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12ADF3FFC9038E26966FC72" blockId="12.[859,1432,131,1249]" box="[883,1151,960,982]" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12ADF3FFC9038E26966FC72" authority="Morgans, 1959" authorityName="Morgans" authorityYear="1959" box="[883,1151,960,982]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="455" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tukula">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12ADF3FFC9038E26ECBFC72" box="[883,978,960,982]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">E. tukula</emphasis>
|
||||
Morgans, 1959
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12ADF3FFC9038FC69CFFC51" blockId="12.[859,1432,131,1249]" box="[883,1238,990,1013]" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12ADF3FFC9038FC69CFFC51" authority="(Peters, 1866)" baseAuthorityName="Peters" baseAuthorityYear="1866" box="[883,1238,990,1013]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="455" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undulatostriatus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12ADF3FFC9038FC6921FC50" box="[883,1080,990,1012]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">E. undulatostriatus</emphasis>
|
||||
(Peters, 1866)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12ADF3FFC9038DF680FFBB6" blockId="12.[859,1432,131,1249]" box="[883,1302,1019,1042]" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12ADF3FFC9038DF680FFBB6" authority="(Quoy & Gaimard, 1824)" baseAuthorityName="Quoy & Gaimard" baseAuthorityYear="1824" box="[883,1302,1019,1042]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="455" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undulosus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12ADF3FFC9038DF6EE1FBB5" box="[883,1016,1019,1041]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">E. undulosus</emphasis>
|
||||
(Quoy & Gaimard, 1824)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12ADF3FFCB83F396958FB8B" blockId="12.[859,1432,131,1249]" box="[859,1089,1049,1072]" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">
|
||||
Species
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12ADF3FFC513F396923FB8B" box="[946,1082,1049,1071]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">incertae sedis</emphasis>
|
||||
:
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12ADF3FFC903F1B69EEFB67" blockId="12.[859,1432,131,1249]" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12ADF3FFC903F1B6839FBEA" authority="* (Valenciennes, 1830)" authorityName="* (Valenciennes" authorityYear="1830" baseAuthorityName="Valenciennes" baseAuthorityYear="1830" box="[883,1312,1079,1102]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="455" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chlorocephalus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12ADF3FFC903F1B693FFBE9" box="[883,1062,1079,1101]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">E. chlorocephalus</emphasis>
|
||||
* (Valenciennes, 1830)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12ADF3FFC903F756826FBCE" authority="* Randall & Heemstra, 1991" authorityName="Randall & Heemstra" authorityYear="1991" box="[883,1343,1109,1131]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="455" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="indistinctus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12ADF3FFC903F75690BFBCF" box="[883,1042,1109,1131]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">E. indistinctus*</emphasis>
|
||||
Randall & Heemstra, 1991
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12ADF3FFC903F506865FB2D" authority="* (Hombron & Jacquinot, 1853)" authorityName="* (Hombron & Jacquinot" authorityYear="1853" baseAuthorityName="Hombron & Jacquinot" baseAuthorityYear="1853" box="[883,1404,1138,1161]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="455" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lebretonianus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12ADF3FFC903F50693CFB2C" box="[883,1061,1138,1160]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">E. lebretonianus*</emphasis>
|
||||
(Hombron & Jacquinot, 1853)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12ADF3FFC903FB26828FB01" authority="* Amaoka & Randall, 1990" authorityName="Amaoka & Randall" authorityYear="1990" box="[883,1329,1168,1190]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="455" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="suborbitalis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12ADF3FFC903FB2690AFB02" box="[883,1043,1168,1190]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">E. suborbitalis*</emphasis>
|
||||
Amaoka & Randall, 1990
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12ADF3FFC903F8D69EEFB67" authority="Randall & Allen, 1987" authorityName="Randall & Allen" authorityYear="1987" box="[883,1271,1198,1220]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="455" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="timorensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12ADF3FFC903F8D6EE0FB67" box="[883,1017,1198,1219]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">E. timorensis</emphasis>
|
||||
Randall & Allen, 1987
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12ADF3FFC903FEF69F9FB45" blockId="12.[859,1432,131,1249]" box="[883,1248,1227,1249]" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12ADF3FFC903FEF69F9FB45" authority="* Randall & Allen, 1987" authorityName="Randall & Allen" authorityYear="1987" box="[883,1248,1227,1249]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="455" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trophis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12ADF3FFC903FEF6EFBFB45" box="[883,994,1227,1249]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">E. trophis*</emphasis>
|
||||
Randall & Allen, 1987
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
119
data/03/FE/C0/03FEC024E12ADF3FFF6D3A516CD2FDD2.xml
Normal file
119
data/03/FE/C0/03FEC024E12ADF3FFF6D3A516CD2FDD2.xml
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
|
|||
<document id="5355647E316C9DFB78ED22AC8820A822" ID-CLB-Dataset="298900" ID-DOI="10.1643/ci-18-055" ID-GBIF-Dataset="4919bfd6-3d35-48b9-9421-c852fa35abab" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12536069" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="julia" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="julia" IM.metadata_approvedBy="julia" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="julia" IM.treatments_approvedBy="julia" checkinTime="1719340789171" checkinUser="julia" docAuthor="Ma, Ka Yan & Craig, Matthew T." docDate="2018" docId="03FEC024E12ADF3FFF6D3A516CD2FDD2" docLanguage="en" docName="copeia.106.3.443-456.pdf" docOrigin="Copeia 106 (3)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1643/ci-18-055" docTitle="Dermatolepis Gill 1861" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="455" masterDocId="FFC7B85CE126DF33FFE33B236D19FFA4" masterDocTitle="An Inconvenient Monophyly: An Update on the Taxonomy of the Groupers (Epinephelidae)" masterLastPageNumber="456" masterPageNumber="443" pageNumber="455" updateTime="1719854615312" updateUser="julia">
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<mods:mods id="FCDF3AE8960015C5843FED05307F1967" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
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<mods:titleInfo id="8BCC7FA2FB5E851D42966DA2AB195C2A">
|
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<mods:title id="E80BFDEECD8C6D46532510D0406D6911">An Inconvenient Monophyly: An Update on the Taxonomy of the Groupers (Epinephelidae)</mods:title>
|
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</mods:titleInfo>
|
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<mods:name id="641D5D96633D91861F2E9C7193A72CD9" type="personal">
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|
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<mods:roleTerm id="613EDF1A95F5D8B64065C28F4B6C6099">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
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|
||||
<mods:namePart id="B466C88426923AE630A0A831459ED405">Ma, Ka Yan</mods:namePart>
|
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<mods:affiliation id="6E386DD83D851C306436FD9C64E9D9C4">Simon F. S. Li Marine Science Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, 999077, Hong Kong SAR.</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
|
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|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="921D715B0435DB168AA50405E046A2BE">Craig, Matthew T.</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation id="D85E0FEBF4EFA7DC81EDE4AEC3E96814">2 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, 8901 La Jolla Shores Drive, La Jolla, California 92037</mods:affiliation>
|
||||
<mods:nameIdentifier id="4723E06D520F41CC648AB167390D28B6" type="email">matthew.craig@noaa.gov.</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||||
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|
||||
<mods:title id="F1A6AAD401DE4C96BD343AED135780CA">Copeia</mods:title>
|
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</mods:titleInfo>
|
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<mods:part id="C14F48315E9EC2ECD179B539AA98FEC0">
|
||||
<mods:date id="0E1FCA8AB40699A45C1522291C393C1C">2018</mods:date>
|
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|
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<mods:number id="E367E5E78CC1D4F7602D0F4EC31235CD">2018-10-31</mods:number>
|
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</mods:detail>
|
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<mods:detail id="16D54D8BEBA1D3FD166500072B7EC340" type="volume">
|
||||
<mods:number id="A28E5A74CB0D4B99406D3430EE5F71E2">106</mods:number>
|
||||
</mods:detail>
|
||||
<mods:detail id="3AC17E170B8F11300A0696AE9452DF4B" type="issue">
|
||||
<mods:number id="6E1754E708FC37E7308B6E64C665C31B">3</mods:number>
|
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|
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<mods:location id="98668ACC24E299ADB530E32C68B083B9">
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<mods:url id="C2A201C113EE88366DD7704AF0CDF669">http://dx.doi.org/10.1643/ci-18-055</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification id="6E0735BC83E01F0D4B14D1CC3B42B8CA">journal article</mods:classification>
|
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<mods:identifier id="709B4A1DBFAA5553AA630CD576F63CDB" type="CLB-Dataset">298900</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="B94884C4BC35592EDEBBC46F1387C8CA" type="DOI">10.1643/ci-18-055</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="9FC98D1B39602CC562BF38483A977EA2" type="GBIF-Dataset">4919bfd6-3d35-48b9-9421-c852fa35abab</mods:identifier>
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||||
<mods:identifier id="2B0D1A5835C7ED6C8958E75A44A4E80C" type="Zenodo-Dep">12536069</mods:identifier>
|
||||
</mods:mods>
|
||||
<treatment id="03FEC024E12ADF3FFF6D3A516CD2FDD2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12536334" ID-GBIF-Taxon="233767939" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12536334" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FEC024E12ADF3FFF6D3A516CD2FDD2" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FEC024E12ADF3FFF6D3A516CD2FDD2" lastPageNumber="455" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C34D22B9E12ADF3FFF6D3A516F0CFE2D" box="[142,533,370,393]" pageId="12" pageNumber="455" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12ADF3FFF6D3A516F0CFE2D" blockId="12.[142,812,370,630]" box="[142,533,370,393]" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">
|
||||
<heading id="D0A0C65EE12ADF3FFF6D3A516F0CFE2D" bold="true" box="[142,533,370,393]" fontSize="9" level="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="455" reason="6">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12ADF3FFF6D3A516F0CFE2D" bold="true" box="[142,533,370,393]" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">
|
||||
Genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12ADF3FFF3E3A516C8CFE2D" ID-CoL="43F9" authority="Gill" authorityName="Gill" authorityYear="1861" box="[221,405,370,393]" family="Serranidae" genus="Dermatolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="455" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12ADF3FFF3E3A516C7EFE2D" bold="true" box="[221,359,370,393]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">Dermatolepis</emphasis>
|
||||
Gill
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(3 species)
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C34D22B9E12ADF3FFF6D3AB36FEAFE5A" pageId="12" pageNumber="455" type="type_taxon">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12ADF3FFF6D3AB36E35FE45" blockId="12.[142,812,370,630]" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">
|
||||
Type species:
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12ADF3FFEC73AAC6F5FFE02" authority="Gill" authorityName="Gill" authorityYear="1861" box="[292,582,399,422]" family="Serranidae" genus="Dermatolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="455" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="punctatus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12ADF3FFEC73AAC6F0FFE02" box="[292,534,399,422]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">Dermatolepis punctatus</emphasis>
|
||||
Gill
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12ADF3FFDB03AAD6F7AFE01" bold="true" box="[595,611,398,421]" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">¼</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12ADF3FFD803AAC6C74FE67" authority="Boulenger" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1895" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="455" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dermatolepis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12ADF3FFD803AAC6DF0FE67" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">Epinephelus dermatolepis</emphasis>
|
||||
Boulenger
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
; replacement name for
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12ADF3FFD7F3A8D6E32FE67" authorityName="Gill" authorityYear="1861" box="[668,811,430,451]" family="Serranidae" genus="Dermatolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="455" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="punctatus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12ADF3FFD7F3A8D6E32FE67" box="[668,811,430,451]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">D. punctatus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
preoccupied in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12ADF3FFEB33AE96CD3FE44" authorityName="Bloch" authorityYear="1793" box="[336,458,458,480]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="455" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12ADF3FFEB33AE96CD3FE44" box="[336,458,458,480]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">Epinephelus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
by
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12ADF3FFE103AE96E38FE45" authority="Bloch" authorityName="Bloch" authorityYear="1790" box="[499,801,458,481]" family="Holocentridae" genus="Holocentrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Beryciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="455" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="punctatus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12ADF3FFE103AE96FCEFE44" box="[499,727,458,480]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">Holocentrus punctatus</emphasis>
|
||||
Bloch
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12ADF3FFF6D3ACA6FEAFE5A" blockId="12.[142,812,370,630]" box="[142,755,488,510]" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">Type locality: Cabo San Lucas, Baja California, Mexico.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C34D22B9E12ADF3FFF6D39256CD2FDD2" pageId="12" pageNumber="455" type="taxon_list">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12ADF3FFF6D39256C52FDB8" blockId="12.[142,812,370,630]" box="[142,331,518,540]" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">Included species:</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12ADF3FFF4539076F0CFD9E" blockId="12.[142,812,370,630]" box="[166,533,547,570]" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12ADF3FFF4539076F0CFD9E" authority="(Boulenger, 1895)" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1895" box="[166,533,547,570]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="455" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dermatolepis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12ADF3FFF4539076C51FD9D" box="[166,328,547,569]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">D. dermatolepis</emphasis>
|
||||
(Boulenger, 1895)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12ADF3FFF4539616F1AFDFC" blockId="12.[142,812,370,630]" box="[166,515,577,600]" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12ADF3FFF4539616F1AFDFC" authority="(Valenciennes, 1833)" baseAuthorityName="Valenciennes" baseAuthorityYear="1833" box="[166,515,577,600]" family="Serranidae" genus="Dermatolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="455" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="inermis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12ADF3FFF4539616C0AFDF3" box="[166,275,578,599]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">D. inermis</emphasis>
|
||||
(Valenciennes, 1833)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12ADF3FFF4539436CD2FDD2" blockId="12.[142,812,370,630]" box="[166,459,607,630]" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12ADF3FFF4539436CD2FDD2" authority="(Playfair, 1867)" baseAuthorityName="Playfair" baseAuthorityYear="1867" box="[166,459,607,630]" family="Serranidae" genus="Dermatolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="455" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="striolata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12ADF3FFF4539436C02FDD1" box="[166,283,607,629]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">D. striolata</emphasis>
|
||||
(Playfair, 1867)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
102
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Normal file
102
data/03/FE/C0/03FEC024E12BDF3EFCD738BE6954FBC7.xml
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|
|
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<treatment id="03FEC024E12BDF3EFCD738BE6954FBC7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12536351" ID-GBIF-Taxon="233767938" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12536351" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FEC024E12BDF3EFCD738BE6954FBC7" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FEC024E12BDF3EFCD738BE6954FBC7" lastPageNumber="456" pageId="13" pageNumber="456">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12BDF3EFC6038BE6958FC10" ID-CoL="85YG" authority="Swainson" authorityName="Swainson" authorityYear="1839" box="[899,1089,925,948]" family="Serranidae" genus="Variola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="456" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
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<emphasis id="B923AD20E12BDF3EFC6038BE6EC9FC10" bold="true" box="[899,976,925,948]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="456">Variola</emphasis>
|
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Swainson
|
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</taxonomicName>
|
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(2 species)
|
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<subSubSection id="C34D22B9E12BDF3EFCD738986948FC49" pageId="13" pageNumber="456" type="taxon_list">
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|
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Type species:
|
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<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12BDF3EFC0038996828FC75" authority="Swainson" authorityName="Swainson" box="[995,1329,954,977]" family="Serranidae" genus="Variola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="456" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="longipinna">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12BDF3EFC00389969AAFC74" box="[995,1203,954,976]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="456">Variola longipinna</emphasis>
|
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Swainson
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12BDF3EFAAB389A6841FC74" bold="true" box="[1352,1368,953,976]" pageId="13" pageNumber="456">¼</emphasis>
|
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<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12BDF3EFABB38986EBAFC49" authority="Forsskal" authorityName="Forsskal" authorityYear="1775" family="Percidae" genus="Perca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="456" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="louti">
|
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<emphasis id="B923AD20E12BDF3EFABB389868CBFC74" box="[1368,1490,954,976]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="456">Perca louti</emphasis>
|
||||
Forsskål
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
by monotypy).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
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<subSubSection id="C34D22B9E12BDF3EFCD738D66969FBAE" box="[820,1136,1013,1035]" pageId="13" pageNumber="456" type="description">
|
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<paragraph id="8BE87132E12BDF3EFCD738D66969FBAE" blockId="13.[820,1490,925,1123]" box="[820,1136,1013,1035]" pageId="13" pageNumber="456">Type locality: Indian Ocean.</paragraph>
|
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</subSubSection>
|
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<subSubSection id="C34D22B9E12BDF3EFCD73F316954FBC7" pageId="13" pageNumber="456" type="taxon_list">
|
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<paragraph id="8BE87132E12BDF3EFCD73F316EE8FB8C" blockId="13.[820,1490,925,1123]" box="[820,1009,1042,1064]" pageId="13" pageNumber="456">Included species:</paragraph>
|
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<paragraph id="8BE87132E12BDF3EFCAF3F13698CFBE1" blockId="13.[820,1490,925,1123]" box="[844,1173,1071,1093]" pageId="13" pageNumber="456">
|
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<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12BDF3EFCAF3F13698CFBE1" authority="Baissac, 1953" authorityName="Baissac" authorityYear="1953" box="[844,1173,1071,1093]" family="Serranidae" genus="Variola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="456" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="albimarginata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12BDF3EFCAF3F136EE3FBE1" box="[844,1018,1071,1093]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="456">V. albimarginata</emphasis>
|
||||
Baissac, 1953
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12BDF3EFCAF3F6E6954FBC7" blockId="13.[820,1490,925,1123]" box="[844,1101,1100,1123]" pageId="13" pageNumber="456">
|
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<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12BDF3EFCAF3F6E6954FBC7" authority="(Forsskal, 1775)" baseAuthorityName="Forsskal" baseAuthorityYear="1775" box="[844,1101,1100,1123]" family="Percidae" genus="Perca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="456" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="louti">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12BDF3EFCAF3F6E6E81FBC6" box="[844,920,1100,1122]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="456">V. louti</emphasis>
|
||||
(Forsskål, 1775)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
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</document>
|
||||
142
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Normal file
142
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|
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<paragraph id="8BE87132E12BDF3EFCD73AE469CDFE7A" blockId="13.[820,1490,455,887]" box="[820,1236,455,478]" pageId="13" pageNumber="456">
|
||||
<heading id="D0A0C65EE12BDF3EFCD73AE469CDFE7A" bold="true" box="[820,1236,455,478]" fontSize="9" level="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="456" reason="6">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12BDF3EFCD73AE469CDFE7A" bold="true" box="[820,1236,455,478]" pageId="13" pageNumber="456">
|
||||
Genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12BDF3EFC603AE4694AFE7A" ID-CoL="6SD4" authority="Oken" authorityName="Oken" authorityYear="1817" box="[899,1107,455,478]" family="Serranidae" genus="Plectropomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="456" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12BDF3EFC603AE46909FE7A" bold="true" box="[899,1040,455,478]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="456">Plectropomus</emphasis>
|
||||
Oken
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(9 species)
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C34D22B9E12BDF3EFCD73AC6682DFDBC" pageId="13" pageNumber="456" type="type_taxon">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12BDF3EFCD73AC6682DFDBC" blockId="13.[820,1490,455,887]" pageId="13" pageNumber="456">
|
||||
Type species:
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12BDF3EFC033AC76817FE5E" authority="Bloch" authorityName="Bloch" authorityYear="1790" box="[992,1294,484,506]" family="Labridae" genus="Bodianus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="456" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maculatus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12BDF3EFC033AC769A7FE5E" box="[992,1214,484,506]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="456">Bodianus maculatus</emphasis>
|
||||
Bloch
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(by subsequent designation of Jordan, Tanaka, and Snyder).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C34D22B9E12BDF3EFCD7393C69CDFDF7" pageId="13" pageNumber="456" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12BDF3EFCD7393C69CDFDF7" blockId="13.[820,1490,455,887]" pageId="13" pageNumber="456">Type locality: Reported as Japan but probably an error for Java (Heemstra and Randall, 1993).</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C34D22B9E12BDF3EFCD7397A69F1FCD3" pageId="13" pageNumber="456" type="taxon_list">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12BDF3EFCD7397A6EE8FDCB" blockId="13.[820,1490,455,887]" box="[820,1009,601,623]" pageId="13" pageNumber="456">Included species:</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12BDF3EFCAF3954696CFD29" blockId="13.[820,1490,455,887]" box="[844,1141,630,653]" pageId="13" pageNumber="456">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12BDF3EFCAF3954696CFD29" authority="(Ruppell, 1830)" baseAuthorityName="Ruppell" baseAuthorityYear="1830" box="[844,1141,630,653]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="456" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="areolatus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12BDF3EFCAF39546EDBFD28" box="[844,962,630,652]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="456">P. areolatus</emphasis>
|
||||
(Rüppell, 1830)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12BDF3EFCAF39B7697BFD0E" blockId="13.[820,1490,455,887]" box="[844,1122,659,682]" pageId="13" pageNumber="456">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12BDF3EFCAF39B7697BFD0E" authority="(Lacepede, 1801)" baseAuthorityName="Lacepede" baseAuthorityYear="1801" box="[844,1122,659,682]" family="Serranidae" genus="Plectropomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="456" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="laevis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12BDF3EFCAF39B76E86FD0D" box="[844,927,659,681]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="456">P. laevis</emphasis>
|
||||
(Lacepède, 1801)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12BDF3EFCAF39916993FD6C" blockId="13.[820,1490,455,887]" box="[844,1162,689,712]" pageId="13" pageNumber="456">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12BDF3EFCAF39916993FD6C" authority="(Lacepede, 1802)" baseAuthorityName="Lacepede" baseAuthorityYear="1802" box="[844,1162,689,712]" family="Serranidae" genus="Cephalopholis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="456" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leopardus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12BDF3EFCAF39916EDFFD63" box="[844,966,689,711]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="456">P. leopardus</emphasis>
|
||||
(Lacepéde, 1802)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12BDF3EFCAF39EC6974FD41" blockId="13.[820,1490,455,887]" box="[844,1133,718,741]" pageId="13" pageNumber="456">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12BDF3EFCAF39EC6974FD41" authority="(Bloch, 1790)" baseAuthorityName="Bloch" baseAuthorityYear="1790" box="[844,1133,718,741]" family="Labridae" genus="Bodianus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="456" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maculatus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12BDF3EFCAF39EC6EC9FD40" box="[844,976,718,740]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="456">P. maculatus</emphasis>
|
||||
(Bloch, 1790)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12BDF3EFCAF39CF69C9FCA5" blockId="13.[820,1490,455,887]" box="[844,1232,747,769]" pageId="13" pageNumber="456">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12BDF3EFCAF39CF69C9FCA5" authority="Randall & Hoese 1986" authorityName="Randall & Hoese" authorityYear="1986" box="[844,1232,747,769]" family="Serranidae" genus="Plectropomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="456" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marisrubri">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12BDF3EFCAF39CF6EC9FCA5" box="[844,976,747,769]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="456">P. marisrubri</emphasis>
|
||||
Randall & Hoese 1986
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12BDF3EFCAF382A698AFCBB" blockId="13.[820,1490,455,887]" box="[844,1171,776,799]" pageId="13" pageNumber="456">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12BDF3EFCAF382A698AFCBB" authority="(Bleeker, 1855)" baseAuthorityName="Bleeker" baseAuthorityYear="1855" box="[844,1171,776,799]" family="Serranidae" genus="Plectropomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="456" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oligacanthus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12BDF3EFCAF382A6EFEFCBA" box="[844,999,776,798]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="456">P. oligacanthus</emphasis>
|
||||
(Bleeker, 1855)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12BDF3EFCAF38056998FC98" blockId="13.[820,1490,455,887]" box="[844,1153,805,828]" pageId="13" pageNumber="456">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12BDF3EFCAF38056998FC98" authority="(Fowler, 1904)" baseAuthorityName="Fowler" baseAuthorityYear="1904" box="[844,1153,805,828]" family="Serranidae" genus="Plectropomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="456" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pessuliferus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12BDF3EFCAF38056EC3FC9F" box="[844,986,805,827]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="456">P. pessuliferus</emphasis>
|
||||
(Fowler, 1904)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12BDF3EFCAF38676806FCFC" blockId="13.[820,1490,455,887]" box="[844,1311,835,858]" pageId="13" pageNumber="456">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12BDF3EFCAF38676EB4FCFD" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1964" box="[844,941,835,857]" family="Serranidae" genus="Saloptia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="456" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="powelli">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12BDF3EFCAF38676EB4FCFD" box="[844,941,835,857]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="456">P. powelli</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Smith, 1964) (formerly
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12BDF3EFB273860680FFCFD" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1964" box="[1220,1302,835,857]" family="Serranidae" genus="Saloptia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="456" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12BDF3EFB273860680FFCFD" box="[1220,1302,835,857]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="456">Saloptia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12BDF3EFCAF384269F1FCD3" blockId="13.[820,1490,455,887]" box="[844,1256,864,887]" pageId="13" pageNumber="456">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12BDF3EFCAF384269F1FCD3" authority="(Quoy & Gaimard, 1824)" baseAuthorityName="Quoy & Gaimard" baseAuthorityYear="1824" box="[844,1256,864,887]" family="Holocentridae" genus="Holocentrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Beryciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="456" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="punctatus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12BDF3EFCAF38426ED0FCD2" box="[844,969,865,886]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="456">P. punctatus</emphasis>
|
||||
(Quoy & Gaimard, 1824)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
292
data/03/FE/C0/03FEC024E12BDF3EFF843AAE697DFE3B.xml
Normal file
292
data/03/FE/C0/03FEC024E12BDF3EFF843AAE697DFE3B.xml
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|
|
@ -0,0 +1,292 @@
|
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<mods:title id="419C979B60963096C694A40BC598AA99">An Inconvenient Monophyly: An Update on the Taxonomy of the Groupers (Epinephelidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm id="CA22BB01BA6F71C6C76FCBA568F6C37C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="29D52DB0293A4765D784B4521AF3E99A">Ma, Ka Yan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="7C06885C1CE75478F477E2DE2BD95224">Simon F. S. Li Marine Science Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, 999077, Hong Kong SAR.</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
|
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<mods:name id="6D167673195DF32705286FD536F8711A" type="personal">
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||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="FBB3C2E822285A96B0D0039A138A4C9E">Craig, Matthew T.</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation id="A448C54857CE15D9E4F6828B853E0D40">2 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, 8901 La Jolla Shores Drive, La Jolla, California 92037</mods:affiliation>
|
||||
<mods:nameIdentifier id="F69E63066A74F1293EBD537A5835A67C" type="email">matthew.craig@noaa.gov.</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
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|
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<mods:title id="AA6EAB1943C9D675E965299B5EE1BBEA">Copeia</mods:title>
|
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|
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<mods:part id="62A63B5485A5A3AB8626721FCFF1BA13">
|
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<mods:date id="6D9ECF9A1F2B0C36D351E53C252995CE">2018</mods:date>
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|
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|
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|
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</mods:detail>
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|
||||
<treatment id="03FEC024E12BDF3EFF843AAE697DFE3B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12536346" ID-GBIF-Taxon="233767936" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12536346" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FEC024E12BDF3EFF843AAE697DFE3B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FEC024E12BDF3EFF843AAE697DFE3B" lastPageNumber="456" pageId="13" pageNumber="456">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C34D22B9E12BDF3EFF843AAE6F19FE00" box="[103,512,397,420]" pageId="13" pageNumber="456" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12BDF3EFF843AAE6F19FE00" blockId="13.[103,773,397,1123]" box="[103,512,397,420]" pageId="13" pageNumber="456">
|
||||
<heading id="D0A0C65EE12BDF3EFF843AAE6F19FE00" bold="true" box="[103,512,397,420]" fontSize="9" level="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="456" reason="6">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12BDF3EFF843AAE6F19FE00" bold="true" box="[103,512,397,420]" pageId="13" pageNumber="456">
|
||||
Genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12BDF3EFF553AAE6C6BFE00" ID-CoL="5W7H" authority="Gill" authorityName="Gill" authorityYear="1862" box="[182,370,397,420]" family="Serranidae" genus="Mycteroperca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="456" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12BDF3EFF553AAE6C5CFE00" bold="true" box="[182,325,397,420]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="456">Mycteroperca</emphasis>
|
||||
Gill
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(27 species)
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C34D22B9E12BDF3EFF843A886C50FE7B" pageId="13" pageNumber="456" type="type_taxon">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12BDF3EFF843A886C50FE7B" blockId="13.[103,773,397,1123]" pageId="13" pageNumber="456">
|
||||
Type species:
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12BDF3EFEE03A886CF2FE64" authority="Jenyns" authorityName="Jenyns" authorityYear="1840" box="[259,491,426,448]" family="Serranidae" genus="Serranus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="456" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="olfax">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12BDF3EFEE03A886C8EFE64" box="[259,407,426,448]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="456">Serranus olfax</emphasis>
|
||||
Jenyns
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(by subsequent designation of Gill 1866).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C34D22B9E12BDF3EFF843AC56CC8FE5F" box="[103,465,485,507]" pageId="13" pageNumber="456" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12BDF3EFF843AC56CC8FE5F" blockId="13.[103,773,397,1123]" box="[103,465,485,507]" pageId="13" pageNumber="456">Type locality: Galapagos Islands.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C34D22B9E12BDF3EFF843921697DFE3B" pageId="13" pageNumber="456" type="taxon_list">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12BDF3EFF8439216C3DFDBC" blockId="13.[103,773,397,1123]" box="[103,292,514,536]" pageId="13" pageNumber="456">Included species:</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12BDF3EFF9C39036F1AFD92" blockId="13.[103,773,397,1123]" box="[127,515,543,566]" pageId="13" pageNumber="456">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12BDF3EFF9C39036F1AFD92" authority="(Valenciennes, 1828)" baseAuthorityName="Valenciennes" baseAuthorityYear="1828" box="[127,515,543,566]" family="Serranidae" genus="Mycteroperca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="456" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="acutirostris">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12BDF3EFF9C39036C0DFD91" box="[127,276,544,565]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="456">M. acutirostris</emphasis>
|
||||
(Valenciennes, 1828)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12BDF3EFF9C391D6C61FD2A" blockId="13.[103,773,397,1123]" pageId="13" pageNumber="456">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12BDF3EFF9C391D6F14FDF0" authority="(Boulenger, 1903)" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1903" box="[127,525,573,596]" family="Serranidae" genus="Cephalopholis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="456" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="albomarginatus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12BDF3EFF9C391D6C5BFDF7" box="[127,322,573,595]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="456">M. albomarginatus</emphasis>
|
||||
(Boulenger, 1903)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(formerly
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12BDF3EFD61391E6FE5FDF7" authorityName="Bloch" authorityYear="1793" box="[642,764,573,595]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="456" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12BDF3EFD61391E6FE5FDF7" box="[642,764,573,595]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="456">Epinephelus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
)
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12BDF3EFF9C39786CCBFDD5" authority="(Boulenger, 1903)" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1903" box="[127,466,602,625]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="456" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="andersoni">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12BDF3EFF9C39786C1FFDD4" box="[127,262,602,624]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="456">M. andersoni</emphasis>
|
||||
(Boulenger, 1903)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(formerly
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12BDF3EFDAA39796FDAFDD4" authorityName="Bloch" authorityYear="1793" box="[585,707,602,624]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="456" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12BDF3EFDAA39796FDAFDD4" box="[585,707,602,624]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="456">Epinephelus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
)
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12BDF3EFF9C395B6C61FD2A" authority="(Poey, 1860)" baseAuthorityName="Poey" baseAuthorityYear="1860" box="[127,376,631,654]" family="Serranidae" genus="Mycteroperca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="456" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bonaci">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12BDF3EFF9C395B6DFEFD29" box="[127,231,631,653]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="456">M. bonaci</emphasis>
|
||||
(Poey, 1860)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12BDF3EFF9C39B56C63FD0F" blockId="13.[103,773,397,1123]" box="[127,378,661,683]" pageId="13" pageNumber="456">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12BDF3EFF9C39B56C63FD0F" authority="Cervigon, 1966" authorityName="Cervigon" authorityYear="1966" box="[127,378,661,683]" family="Serranidae" genus="Mycteroperca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="456" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cidi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12BDF3EFF9C39B56DD1FD0F" box="[127,200,661,683]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="456">M. cidi</emphasis>
|
||||
Cervigón, 1966
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12BDF3EFF9C39906FDEFD41" blockId="13.[103,773,397,1123]" pageId="13" pageNumber="456">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12BDF3EFF9C39906CFAFD6D" authority="(Valenciennes, 1843)" baseAuthorityName="Valenciennes" baseAuthorityYear="1843" box="[127,483,690,713]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="456" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caninus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12BDF3EFF9C39906DEAFD6C" box="[127,243,691,712]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="456">M. caninus</emphasis>
|
||||
(Valenciennes, 1843)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(formerly
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12BDF3EFDBA39916FCAFD6C" authorityName="Bloch" authorityYear="1793" box="[601,723,690,712]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="456" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12BDF3EFDBA39916FCAFD6C" box="[601,723,690,712]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="456">Epinephelus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
)
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12BDF3EFF9C39F36CD6FD42" authority="(Steindachner, 1878)" baseAuthorityName="Steindachner" baseAuthorityYear="1878" box="[127,463,719,742]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="456" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="costae">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12BDF3EFF9C39F36DF8FD41" box="[127,225,720,741]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="456">M. costae</emphasis>
|
||||
(Steindachner, 1878)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(formerly
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12BDF3EFDA639EC6FA6FD41" authorityName="Bloch" authorityYear="1793" box="[581,703,719,741]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="456" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12BDF3EFDA639EC6FA6FD41" box="[581,703,719,741]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="456">Epinephelus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12BDF3EFF9C39CD6C02FC84" blockId="13.[103,773,397,1123]" pageId="13" pageNumber="456">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12BDF3EFF9C39CD6F93FCA0" authority="(Temminck & Schlegel, 1842)" baseAuthorityName="Temminck & Schlegel" baseAuthorityYear="1842" box="[127,650,749,772]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="456" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="epistictus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12BDF3EFF9C39CD6C17FCA7" box="[127,270,750,771]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="456">M. epistictus</emphasis>
|
||||
(Temminck & Schlegel, 1842)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(formerly
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12BDF3EFF7B38296C0BFC84" authorityName="Bloch" authorityYear="1793" box="[152,274,778,800]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="456" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12BDF3EFF7B38296C0BFC84" box="[152,274,778,800]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="456">Epinephelus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12BDF3EFF9C380B6C69FC9A" blockId="13.[103,773,397,1123]" box="[127,368,807,830]" pageId="13" pageNumber="456">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12BDF3EFF9C380B6C69FC9A" authority="(Lowe, 1838)" baseAuthorityName="Lowe" baseAuthorityYear="1838" box="[127,368,807,830]" family="Serranidae" genus="Mycteroperca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="456" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fusca">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12BDF3EFF9C380B6DC1FC99" box="[127,216,807,829]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="456">M. fusca</emphasis>
|
||||
(Lowe, 1838)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12BDF3EFF9C38656CB7FC32" blockId="13.[103,773,397,1123]" pageId="13" pageNumber="456">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12BDF3EFF9C38656CF7FCF8" authority="(Valenciennes, 1830)" baseAuthorityName="Valenciennes" baseAuthorityYear="1830" box="[127,494,837,860]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="456" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="goreensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12BDF3EFF9C38656DE7FCFF" box="[127,254,838,859]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="456">M. goreensis</emphasis>
|
||||
(Valenciennes, 1830)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(formerly
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12BDF3EFD8738666FC7FCFF" authorityName="Bloch" authorityYear="1793" box="[612,734,837,859]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="456" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12BDF3EFD8738666FC7FCFF" box="[612,734,837,859]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="456">Epinephelus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
)
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12BDF3EFF9C38406C86FCD3" authority="Fowler, 1904" authorityName="Fowler" authorityYear="1904" box="[127,415,866,888]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="456" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="heniochus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12BDF3EFF9C38406C10FCDC" box="[127,265,866,888]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="456">M. heniochus</emphasis>
|
||||
Fowler, 1904
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(formerly
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12BDF3EFDF538416F89FCDC" authorityName="Bloch" authorityYear="1793" box="[534,656,866,888]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="456" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12BDF3EFDF538416F89FCDC" box="[534,656,866,888]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="456">Epinephelus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
)
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12BDF3EFF9C38A36CB7FC32" authority="(Poey, 1860)" baseAuthorityName="Poey" baseAuthorityYear="1860" box="[127,430,895,918]" family="Serranidae" genus="Mycteroperca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="456" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="interstitialis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12BDF3EFF9C38A36C04FC31" box="[127,285,895,917]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="456">M. interstitialis</emphasis>
|
||||
(Poey, 1860)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12BDF3EFF9C38BE6F36FC17" blockId="13.[103,773,397,1123]" box="[127,559,924,947]" pageId="13" pageNumber="456">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12BDF3EFF9C38BE6F36FC17" authority="(Jenkins & Evermann, 1889)" baseAuthorityName="Jenkins & Evermann" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[127,559,924,947]" family="Serranidae" genus="Mycteroperca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="456" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jordani">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12BDF3EFF9C38BE6DF2FC16" box="[127,235,924,946]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="456">M. jordani</emphasis>
|
||||
(Jenkins & Evermann, 1889)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12BDF3EFF9C38986F13FC4A" blockId="13.[103,773,397,1123]" pageId="13" pageNumber="456">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12BDF3EFF9C38986CA9FC75" authority="(Lowe, 1834)" baseAuthorityName="Lowe" baseAuthorityYear="1834" box="[127,432,954,977]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="456" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marginatus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12BDF3EFF9C38986C0EFC74" box="[127,279,955,976]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="456">M. marginatus</emphasis>
|
||||
(Lowe, 1834)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(formerly
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12BDF3EFDC538996FB9FC74" authorityName="Bloch" authorityYear="1793" box="[550,672,954,976]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="456" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12BDF3EFDC538996FB9FC74" box="[550,672,954,976]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="456">Epinephelus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
)
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12BDF3EFF9C38FB6F13FC4A" authority="(Goode & Bean, 1879)" baseAuthorityName="Goode & Bean" baseAuthorityYear="1879" box="[127,522,983,1006]" family="Serranidae" genus="Mycteroperca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="456" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microlepis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12BDF3EFF9C38FB6C13FC49" box="[127,266,983,1005]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="456">M. microlepis</emphasis>
|
||||
(Goode & Bean, 1879)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12BDF3EFF9C38D66C66FB8D" blockId="13.[103,773,397,1123]" pageId="13" pageNumber="456">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12BDF3EFF9C38D66CF2FBAF" authority="(Valenciennes, 1833)" baseAuthorityName="Valenciennes" baseAuthorityYear="1833" box="[127,491,1012,1035]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="456" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="morrhua">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12BDF3EFF9C38D66DE2FBAE" box="[127,251,1012,1034]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="456">M. morrhua</emphasis>
|
||||
(Valenciennes, 1833)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(formerly
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12BDF3EFD8238D76FC2FBAE" authorityName="Bloch" authorityYear="1793" box="[609,731,1012,1034]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="456" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12BDF3EFD8238D76FC2FBAE" box="[609,731,1012,1034]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="456">Epinephelus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
)
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12BDF3EFF9C3F306C66FB8D" authority="(Jenyns, 1840)" baseAuthorityName="Jenyns" baseAuthorityYear="1840" box="[127,383,1042,1065]" family="Serranidae" genus="Serranus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="456" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="olfax">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12BDF3EFF9C3F306DCFFB8C" box="[127,214,1042,1064]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="456">M. olfax</emphasis>
|
||||
(Jenyns, 1840)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12BDF3EFF9C3F136CF0FBE0" blockId="13.[103,773,397,1123]" box="[127,489,1071,1093]" pageId="13" pageNumber="456">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12BDF3EFF9C3F136DF4FBE1" authorityName="Jordan & Swain" authorityYear="1884" box="[127,237,1071,1093]" family="Serranidae" genus="Mycteroperca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="456" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="phenax">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12BDF3EFF9C3F136DF4FBE1" box="[127,237,1071,1093]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="456">M. phenax</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Jordan & Swain, 1884
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12BDF3EFF9C3F6E6EF1FF3C" blockId="13.[103,773,397,1123]" box="[127,1000,130,1123]" lastBlockId="13.[844,1490,130,416]" pageId="13" pageNumber="456">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12BDF3EFF9C3F6E6F89FBC7" authority="(Temminck & Schlegel, 1842)" baseAuthorityName="Temminck & Schlegel" baseAuthorityYear="1842" box="[127,656,1100,1123]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="456" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="poecilonotus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12BDF3EFF9C3F6E6C3FFBC6" box="[127,294,1100,1122]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="456">M. poecilonotus</emphasis>
|
||||
(Temminck & Schlegel, 1842)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(formerly
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12BDF3EFC853BA16EF9FF3C" authorityName="Bloch" authorityYear="1793" box="[870,992,130,152]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="456" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12BDF3EFC853BA16EF9FF3C" box="[870,992,130,152]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="456">Epinephelus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12BDF3EFCAF3B826EDEFF77" blockId="13.[844,1490,130,416]" pageId="13" pageNumber="456">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12BDF3EFCAF3B826830FF13" authority="(Fourmanoir & Crosnier, 1964)" baseAuthorityName="Fourmanoir & Crosnier" baseAuthorityYear="1964" box="[844,1321,160,183]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="456" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="posteli">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12BDF3EFCAF3B826EAFFF12" box="[844,950,160,182]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="456">M. posteli</emphasis>
|
||||
(Fourmanoir & Crosnier, 1964)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(formerly
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12BDF3EFA4A3B826EA6FF77" authorityName="Bloch" authorityYear="1793" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="456" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12BDF3EFA4A3B826EA6FF77" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="456">Epinephelus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12BDF3EFCAF3BF86839FF54" blockId="13.[844,1490,130,416]" box="[844,1312,218,241]" pageId="13" pageNumber="456">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12BDF3EFCAF3BF86839FF54" authority="Rosenblatt & Zahuranec, 1967" authorityName="Rosenblatt & Zahuranec" authorityYear="1967" box="[844,1312,218,241]" family="Serranidae" genus="Mycteroperca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="456" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="prionura">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12BDF3EFCAF3BF86EDEFF54" box="[844,967,219,240]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="456">M. prionura</emphasis>
|
||||
Rosenblatt & Zahuranec, 1967
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12BDF3EFCAF3BDB685CFEA9" blockId="13.[844,1490,130,416]" box="[844,1349,247,270]" pageId="13" pageNumber="456">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12BDF3EFCAF3BDB6955FEAA" authority="(Day, 1868)" baseAuthorityName="Day" baseAuthorityYear="1868" box="[844,1100,247,270]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="456" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="radiatus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12BDF3EFCAF3BDB6EDDFEA9" box="[844,964,247,269]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="456">M. radiatus</emphasis>
|
||||
(Day, 1868)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(formerly
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12BDF3EFB203BD46824FEA9" authorityName="Bloch" authorityYear="1793" box="[1219,1341,247,269]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="456" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12BDF3EFB203BD46824FEA9" box="[1219,1341,247,269]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="456">Epinephelus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12BDF3EFCAF3A356978FE88" blockId="13.[844,1490,130,416]" box="[844,1121,277,300]" pageId="13" pageNumber="456">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12BDF3EFCAF3A356978FE88" authority="(Streets, 1877)" baseAuthorityName="Streets" baseAuthorityYear="1877" box="[844,1121,277,300]" family="Serranidae" genus="Mycteroperca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="456" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rosacea">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12BDF3EFCAF3A356EA2FE8F" box="[844,955,278,299]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="456">M. rosacea</emphasis>
|
||||
(Streets, 1877)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12BDF3EFCAF3A10695DFEED" blockId="13.[844,1490,130,416]" box="[844,1092,306,329]" pageId="13" pageNumber="456">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12BDF3EFCAF3A10695DFEED" authority="(Bloch, 1793)" baseAuthorityName="Bloch" baseAuthorityYear="1793" box="[844,1092,306,329]" family="Serranidae" genus="Mycteroperca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="456" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubra">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12BDF3EFCAF3A106EBEFEEC" box="[844,935,306,328]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="456">M. rubra</emphasis>
|
||||
(Bloch, 1793)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12BDF3EFCAF3A73698BFEC2" blockId="13.[844,1490,130,416]" box="[844,1170,335,358]" pageId="13" pageNumber="456">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12BDF3EFCAF3A73698BFEC2" authority="(Valenciennes, 1833)" baseAuthorityName="Valenciennes" baseAuthorityYear="1833" box="[844,1170,335,358]" family="Serranidae" genus="Mycteroperca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="456" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tigris">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12BDF3EFCAF3A736EBBFEC1" box="[844,930,336,357]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="456">M. tigris</emphasis>
|
||||
(Valenciennes, 1833)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12BDF3EFCAF3A4E6996FE27" blockId="13.[844,1490,130,416]" box="[844,1167,364,387]" pageId="13" pageNumber="456">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12BDF3EFCAF3A4E6996FE27" authority="(Linnaeus, 1758)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[844,1167,364,387]" family="Serranidae" genus="Mycteroperca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="456" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="venenosa">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12BDF3EFCAF3A4E6ED4FE26" box="[844,973,365,386]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="456">M. venenosa</emphasis>
|
||||
(Linnaeus, 1758)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12BDF3EFCAF3AA8697DFE3B" blockId="13.[844,1490,130,416]" box="[844,1124,394,416]" pageId="13" pageNumber="456">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12BDF3EFCAF3AA86ED4FE04" authorityName="Jordan" authorityYear="1888" box="[844,973,394,416]" family="Serranidae" genus="Mycteroperca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="456" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="xenarcha">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12BDF3EFCAF3AA86ED4FE04" box="[844,973,394,416]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="456">M. xenarcha</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Jordan, 1888
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
100
data/03/FE/C0/03FEC024E12DDF38FCD738DF69A8FB46.xml
Normal file
100
data/03/FE/C0/03FEC024E12DDF38FCD738DF69A8FB46.xml
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
|
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<mods:namePart id="71F289C910483E3B4E15B2F8D351D2B7">Ma, Ka Yan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="F0B552A1F671A34D427BFAB23BB3B83D" type="email">matthew.craig@noaa.gov.</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="0B6F51BC004690DE47E2EE06F6472438">Copeia</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03FEC024E12DDF38FCD738DF69A8FB46" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12536327" ID-GBIF-Taxon="233767935" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12536327" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FEC024E12DDF38FCD738DF69A8FB46" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FEC024E12DDF38FCD738DF69A8FB46" lastPageNumber="454" pageId="11" pageNumber="454">
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<subSubSection id="C34D22B9E12DDF38FCD738DF684DFBB7" box="[820,1364,1020,1043]" pageId="11" pageNumber="454" type="nomenclature">
|
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<paragraph id="8BE87132E12DDF38FCD738DF684DFBB7" blockId="11.[820,1490,1020,1250]" box="[820,1364,1020,1043]" pageId="11" pageNumber="454">
|
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<emphasis id="B923AD20E12DDF38FCD738DF684DFBB7" bold="true" box="[820,1364,1020,1043]" pageId="11" pageNumber="454">
|
||||
Genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12DDF38FC6038DF69CAFBB7" ID-CoL="SW7" authority="Bloch and Schneider" authorityName="Bloch and Schneider" box="[899,1235,1020,1043]" family="Serranidae" genus="Alphestes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="454" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12DDF38FC6038DF6EFDFBB7" bold="true" box="[899,996,1020,1043]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="454">Alphestes</emphasis>
|
||||
Bloch and Schneider
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(3 species)
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C34D22B9E12DDF38FCD73F39696DFBEA" pageId="11" pageNumber="454" type="type_taxon">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12DDF38FCD73F39696DFBEA" blockId="11.[820,1490,1020,1250]" pageId="11" pageNumber="454">
|
||||
Type species:
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12DDF38FC2E3F3A69A7FB94" authority="Bloch" authorityName="Bloch" authorityYear="1793" box="[973,1214,1049,1072]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="454" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="afer">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12DDF38FC2E3F3A696EFB8B" box="[973,1143,1049,1071]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="454">Epinephelus afer</emphasis>
|
||||
Bloch
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(by subsequent designation of Jordan and Swain).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C34D22B9E12DDF38FCD73F76684FFBC8" box="[820,1366,1109,1132]" pageId="11" pageNumber="454" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12DDF38FCD73F76684FFBC8" blockId="11.[820,1490,1020,1250]" box="[820,1366,1109,1132]" pageId="11" pageNumber="454">Type locality: Gulf of Guinea (Craig et al., 2006).</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C34D22B9E12DDF38FCD73F5069A8FB46" pageId="11" pageNumber="454" type="taxon_list">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12DDF38FCD73F506EE8FB2D" blockId="11.[820,1490,1020,1250]" box="[820,1009,1139,1161]" pageId="11" pageNumber="454">Included species:</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12DDF38FCAF3FB26936FB03" blockId="11.[820,1490,1020,1250]" box="[844,1071,1168,1191]" pageId="11" pageNumber="454">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12DDF38FCAF3FB26936FB03" authority="(Bloch, 1793)" baseAuthorityName="Bloch" baseAuthorityYear="1793" box="[844,1071,1168,1191]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="454" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="afer">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12DDF38FCAF3FB26E8BFB02" box="[844,914,1168,1190]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="454">A. afer</emphasis>
|
||||
(Bloch, 1793)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12DDF38FCAF3F8D699DFB60" blockId="11.[820,1490,1020,1250]" box="[844,1156,1198,1220]" pageId="11" pageNumber="454">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12DDF38FCAF3F8D699DFB60" authority="Breder, 1936" authorityName="Breder" authorityYear="1936" box="[844,1156,1198,1220]" family="Serranidae" genus="Alphestes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="454" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="immaculatus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12DDF38FCAF3F8D6EE8FB60" box="[844,1009,1198,1220]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="454">A. immaculatus</emphasis>
|
||||
Breder, 1936
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12DDF38FCAF3FEF69A8FB46" blockId="11.[820,1490,1020,1250]" box="[844,1201,1227,1250]" pageId="11" pageNumber="454">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12DDF38FCAF3FEF69A8FB46" authority="(Gunther, 1867)" baseAuthorityName="Gunther" baseAuthorityYear="1867" box="[844,1201,1227,1250]" family="Serranidae" genus="Alphestes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="454" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="multiguttatus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12DDF38FCAF3FEF6EECFB45" box="[844,1013,1227,1249]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="454">A. multiguttatus</emphasis>
|
||||
(Günther, 1867)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
259
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Normal file
259
data/03/FE/C0/03FEC024E12DDF3FFCD73E2A6CA0FEEF.xml
Normal file
|
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@ -0,0 +1,259 @@
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="8FB069B6FF72796818C800FA8E47C8AD" type="email">matthew.craig@noaa.gov.</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||||
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|
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|
||||
<mods:title id="C9AB0C9F34CF6B3F5409392338FE3063">Copeia</mods:title>
|
||||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
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<mods:part id="8B323CEAFEDF3066D6F7087417E4D85A">
|
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<mods:date id="BC3704C12F4A324510B1E8D508C5E32C">2018</mods:date>
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|
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<mods:number id="6AF62D2E8FE7EF295329A3203A53C236">2018-10-31</mods:number>
|
||||
</mods:detail>
|
||||
<mods:detail id="8CFD898FAB58C0ABF6462A2D7908F295" type="volume">
|
||||
<mods:number id="760E51D57E4D6D295E66ED1D71728784">106</mods:number>
|
||||
</mods:detail>
|
||||
<mods:detail id="017A6198F75F224D6FF44D84B064A98E" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="7812875DCAB1C8D27E0EDE62FE7A9472">3</mods:number>
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|
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<mods:start id="827D9BF1D7EDC1272C69D69CDB6AA693">443</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="6F7C3D3EAC200560662D3641D4348AC4">456</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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<mods:location id="F1E397B58677DB07D74619136312BF11">
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<mods:url id="980EC3A1A38116D704F8DCCC4629386A">http://dx.doi.org/10.1643/ci-18-055</mods:url>
|
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</mods:location>
|
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<mods:identifier id="307ABF516CB10086F96D322DCB96AFAB" type="DOI">10.1643/ci-18-055</mods:identifier>
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|
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</mods:mods>
|
||||
<treatment id="03FEC024E12DDF3FFCD73E2A6CA0FEEF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12536331" ID-GBIF-Taxon="233767934" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12536331" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FEC024E12DDF3FFCD73E2A6CA0FEEF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FEC024E12DDF3FFCD73E2A6CA0FEEF" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="455" pageId="11" pageNumber="454">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C34D22B9E12DDF38FCD73E2A688FFA84" box="[820,1430,1289,1312]" pageId="11" pageNumber="454" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12DDF38FCD73E2A688FFA84" blockId="11.[820,1490,1289,2024]" box="[820,1430,1289,1312]" pageId="11" pageNumber="454">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12DDF38FCD73E2A688FFA84" bold="true" box="[820,1430,1289,1312]" pageId="11" pageNumber="454">
|
||||
Genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12DDF38FC603E2A681EFA84" ID-CoL="3KG8" authority="Bloch and Schneider" authorityName="Bloch and Schneider" box="[899,1287,1289,1312]" family="Serranidae" genus="Cephalopholis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="454" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12DDF38FC603E2A6901FA84" bold="true" box="[899,1048,1289,1312]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="454">Cephalopholis</emphasis>
|
||||
Bloch and Schneider
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(28 species)
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C34D22B9E12DDF38FCD73E046896FA99" box="[820,1423,1319,1341]" pageId="11" pageNumber="454" type="type_taxon">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12DDF38FCD73E046896FA99" blockId="11.[820,1490,1289,2024]" box="[820,1423,1319,1341]" pageId="11" pageNumber="454">
|
||||
Type species:
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12DDF38FC2F3E046896FA99" authority="Bloch and Schneider." authorityName="Bloch and Schneider." box="[972,1423,1319,1341]" family="Serranidae" genus="Cephalopholis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="454" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="argus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12DDF38FC2F3E046985FA99" box="[972,1180,1319,1341]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="454">Cephalopholis argus</emphasis>
|
||||
Bloch and Schneider.
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C34D22B9E12DDF38FCD73E666956FAFE" box="[820,1103,1348,1370]" pageId="11" pageNumber="454" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12DDF38FCD73E666956FAFE" blockId="11.[820,1490,1289,2024]" box="[820,1103,1348,1370]" pageId="11" pageNumber="454">Type locality: East Indies.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C34D22B9E12DDF3FFCD73E416CA0FEEF" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="455" pageId="11" pageNumber="454" type="taxon_list">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12DDF38FCD73E416EE8FADC" blockId="11.[820,1490,1289,2024]" box="[820,1009,1378,1400]" pageId="11" pageNumber="454">Included species:</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12DDF38FCAF3EA369D7FA31" blockId="11.[820,1490,1289,2024]" box="[844,1230,1408,1430]" pageId="11" pageNumber="454">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12DDF38FCAF3EA369D7FA31" authority="Randall & Heemstra, 1991" authorityName="Randall & Heemstra" authorityYear="1991" box="[844,1230,1408,1430]" family="Serranidae" genus="Cephalopholis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="454" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aitha">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12DDF38FCAF3EA36EBBFA32" box="[844,930,1408,1430]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="454">C. aitha</emphasis>
|
||||
Randall & Heemstra, 1991
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12DDF38FCAF3EBD6945FA74" blockId="11.[820,1490,1289,2024]" pageId="11" pageNumber="454">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12DDF38FCAF3EBD6810FA10" authority="(Fowler & Bean, 1930)" baseAuthorityName="Fowler & Bean" baseAuthorityYear="1930" box="[844,1289,1437,1460]" family="Serranidae" genus="Cephalopholis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="454" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="albomarginatus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12DDF38FCAF3EBD6912FA17" box="[844,1035,1437,1459]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="454">C. albomarginatus</emphasis>
|
||||
(Fowler & Bean, 1930)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(formerly
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12DDF38FA9D3EBE68D0FA17" authorityName="Randall" authorityYear="1964" box="[1406,1481,1437,1459]" family="Serranidae" genus="Gracila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="454" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12DDF38FA9D3EBE68D0FA17" box="[1406,1481,1437,1459]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="454">Gracila</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
)
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12DDF38FCAF3E9F6945FA74" authority="Schneider, 1801" authorityName="Schneider" authorityYear="1801" box="[844,1116,1467,1489]" family="Serranidae" genus="Cephalopholis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="454" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="argus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12DDF38FCAF3E9F6EBAFA75" box="[844,931,1468,1489]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="454">C. argus</emphasis>
|
||||
Schneider, 1801
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12DDF38FCAF3EFA69AAFA54" blockId="11.[820,1490,1289,2024]" box="[844,1203,1497,1520]" pageId="11" pageNumber="454">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12DDF38FCAF3EFA69AAFA54" authority="(Valenciennes, 1828)" baseAuthorityName="Valenciennes" baseAuthorityYear="1828" box="[844,1203,1497,1520]" family="Serranidae" genus="Cephalopholis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="454" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aurantia">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12DDF38FCAF3EFA6EDDFA4B" box="[844,964,1497,1519]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="454">C. aurantia</emphasis>
|
||||
(Valenciennes, 1828)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12DDF38FCAF3ED4694BF9A9" blockId="11.[820,1490,1289,2024]" box="[844,1106,1526,1549]" pageId="11" pageNumber="454">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12DDF38FCAF3ED4694BF9A9" authority="(Bloch, 1790)" baseAuthorityName="Bloch" baseAuthorityYear="1790" box="[844,1106,1526,1549]" family="Serranidae" genus="Cephalopholis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="454" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="boenak">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12DDF38FCAF3ED46EACF9A8" box="[844,949,1526,1548]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="454">C. boenak</emphasis>
|
||||
(Bloch, 1790)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12DDF38FCAF3D366996F9ED" blockId="11.[820,1490,1289,2024]" pageId="11" pageNumber="454">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12DDF38FCAF3D3669B1F98F" authority="(Valenciennes, 1846)" baseAuthorityName="Valenciennes" baseAuthorityYear="1846" box="[844,1192,1556,1579]" family="Serranidae" genus="Cephalopholis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="454" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="colonus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12DDF38FCAF3D366EA0F98E" box="[844,953,1556,1578]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="454">C. colonus</emphasis>
|
||||
(Valenciennes, 1846)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(formerly
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12DDF38FAFC3D376897F98E" box="[1311,1422,1556,1578]" family="Serranidae" genus="Paranthias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="454" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12DDF38FAFC3D376897F98E" box="[1311,1422,1556,1578]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="454">Paranthias</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
)
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12DDF38FCAF3D116996F9ED" authority="(Lacepede, 1802)" baseAuthorityName="Lacepede" baseAuthorityYear="1802" box="[844,1167,1586,1609]" family="Serranidae" genus="Cephalopholis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="454" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cruentata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12DDF38FCAF3D116ED5F9EC" box="[844,972,1586,1608]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="454">C. cruentata</emphasis>
|
||||
(Lacepède, 1802)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12DDF38FCAF3D7369C2F9C2" blockId="11.[820,1490,1289,2024]" box="[844,1243,1615,1638]" pageId="11" pageNumber="454">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12DDF38FCAF3D7369C2F9C2" authority="(Valenciennes, 1828)" baseAuthorityName="Valenciennes" baseAuthorityYear="1828" box="[844,1243,1615,1638]" family="Serranidae" genus="Cephalopholis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="454" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cyanostigma">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12DDF38FCAF3D736EF5F9C1" box="[844,1004,1616,1637]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="454">C. cyanostigma</emphasis>
|
||||
(Valenciennes, 1828)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12DDF38FCAF3D4D694CF920" blockId="11.[820,1490,1289,2024]" box="[844,1109,1645,1668]" pageId="11" pageNumber="454">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12DDF38FCAF3D4D694CF920" authority="(Shaw, 1812)" baseAuthorityName="Shaw" baseAuthorityYear="1812" box="[844,1109,1645,1668]" family="Serranidae" genus="Cephalopholis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="454" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="formosa">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12DDF38FCAF3D4D6EA7F927" box="[844,958,1645,1667]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="454">C. formosa</emphasis>
|
||||
(Shaw, 1812)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12DDF38FCAF3DA8697BF906" blockId="11.[820,1490,1289,2024]" box="[844,1122,1675,1698]" pageId="11" pageNumber="454">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12DDF38FCAF3DA8697BF906" authority="(Linnaeus, 1758)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[844,1122,1675,1698]" family="Serranidae" genus="Cephalopholis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="454" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fulva">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12DDF38FCAF3DA86EB9F905" box="[844,928,1675,1697]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="454">C. fulva</emphasis>
|
||||
(Linnaeus, 1758)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12DDF38FCAF3D8A698AF979" blockId="11.[820,1490,1289,2024]" pageId="11" pageNumber="454">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12DDF38FCAF3D8A69BAF91B" authority="(Valenciennes, 1828)" baseAuthorityName="Valenciennes" baseAuthorityYear="1828" box="[844,1187,1704,1727]" family="Serranidae" genus="Paranthias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="454" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="furcifer">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12DDF38FCAF3D8A6EADF91A" box="[844,948,1704,1726]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="454">C. furcifer</emphasis>
|
||||
(Valenciennes, 1828)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(formerly
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12DDF38FAF93D8B6890F91A" box="[1306,1417,1704,1726]" family="Serranidae" genus="Paranthias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="454" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12DDF38FAF93D8B6890F91A" box="[1306,1417,1704,1726]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="454">Paranthias</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
)
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12DDF38FCAF3DE4698AF979" authority="(Ruppell, 1830)" baseAuthorityName="Ruppell" baseAuthorityYear="1830" box="[844,1171,1734,1757]" family="Serranidae" genus="Cephalopholis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="454" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hemistiktos">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12DDF38FCAF3DE46EF9F978" box="[844,992,1734,1756]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="454">C. hemistiktos</emphasis>
|
||||
(Rüppell, 1830)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12DDF38FCAF3DC769B0F95E" blockId="11.[820,1490,1289,2024]" box="[844,1193,1764,1786]" pageId="11" pageNumber="454">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12DDF38FCAF3DC769B0F95E" authority="Katayama, 1957" authorityName="Katayama" authorityYear="1957" box="[844,1193,1764,1786]" family="Serranidae" genus="Cephalopholis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="454" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="igarashiensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12DDF38FCAF3DC76EE9F95E" box="[844,1008,1764,1786]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="454">C. igarashiensis</emphasis>
|
||||
Katayama, 1957
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12DDF38FCAF3C216989F8BD" blockId="11.[820,1490,1289,2024]" box="[844,1168,1794,1817]" pageId="11" pageNumber="454">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12DDF38FCAF3C216989F8BD" authority="(Lacepede, 1801)" baseAuthorityName="Lacepede" baseAuthorityYear="1801" box="[844,1168,1794,1817]" family="Serranidae" genus="Cephalopholis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="454" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leopardus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12DDF38FCAF3C216ED4F8BC" box="[844,973,1794,1816]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="454">C. leopardus</emphasis>
|
||||
(Lacepède, 1801)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12DDF38FCAF3C03699FF892" blockId="11.[820,1490,1289,2024]" box="[844,1158,1823,1846]" pageId="11" pageNumber="454">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12DDF38FCAF3C03699FF892" authority="(Bleeker, 1852)" baseAuthorityName="Bleeker" baseAuthorityYear="1852" box="[844,1158,1823,1846]" family="Serranidae" genus="Cephalopholis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="454" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microprion">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12DDF38FCAF3C036EC3F891" box="[844,986,1824,1845]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="454">C. microprion</emphasis>
|
||||
(Bleeker, 1852)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12DDF38FCAF3C1D696BF8F0" blockId="11.[820,1490,1289,2024]" box="[844,1138,1853,1876]" pageId="11" pageNumber="454">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12DDF38FCAF3C1D696BF8F0" authority="(Forsskal, 1775)" baseAuthorityName="Forsskal" baseAuthorityYear="1775" box="[844,1138,1853,1876]" family="Serranidae" genus="Cephalopholis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="454" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="miniata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12DDF38FCAF3C1D6EA4F8F7" box="[844,957,1854,1875]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="454">C. miniata</emphasis>
|
||||
(Forsskål, 1775)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12DDF38FCAF3C78694FF8D6" blockId="11.[820,1490,1289,2024]" box="[844,1110,1883,1906]" pageId="11" pageNumber="454">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12DDF38FCAF3C78694FF8D6" authority="(Gunther, 1859)" baseAuthorityName="Gunther" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[844,1110,1883,1906]" family="Serranidae" genus="Cephalopholis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="454" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigri">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12DDF38FCAF3C786E82F8D5" box="[844,923,1883,1905]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="454">C. nigri</emphasis>
|
||||
(Günther, 1859)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12DDF38FCAF3C5A69D0F82B" blockId="11.[820,1490,1289,2024]" box="[844,1225,1912,1935]" pageId="11" pageNumber="454">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12DDF38FCAF3C5A69D0F82B" authority="(Valenciennes, 1828)" baseAuthorityName="Valenciennes" baseAuthorityYear="1828" box="[844,1225,1912,1935]" family="Serranidae" genus="Cephalopholis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="454" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigripinnis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12DDF38FCAF3C5A6EC3F82A" box="[844,986,1913,1934]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="454">C. nigripinnis</emphasis>
|
||||
(Valenciennes, 1828)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12DDF38FCAF3CB4681CF808" blockId="11.[820,1490,1289,2024]" box="[844,1285,1942,1964]" pageId="11" pageNumber="454">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12DDF38FCAF3CB4681CF808" authority="Randall & Ben-Tuvia, 1983" authorityName="Randall & Ben-Tuvia" authorityYear="1983" box="[844,1285,1942,1964]" family="Serranidae" genus="Cephalopholis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="454" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oligosticta">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12DDF38FCAF3CB46ECAF808" box="[844,979,1942,1964]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="454">C. oligosticta</emphasis>
|
||||
Randall & Ben-Tuvia, 1983
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12DDF38FCAF3C9769CDF86F" blockId="11.[820,1490,1289,2024]" box="[844,1236,1972,1995]" pageId="11" pageNumber="454">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12DDF38FCAF3C9769CDF86F" authority="(Steindachner, 1876)" baseAuthorityName="Steindachner" baseAuthorityYear="1876" box="[844,1236,1972,1995]" family="Serranidae" genus="Cephalopholis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="454" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="panamensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12DDF38FCAF3C976EFFF86E" box="[844,998,1972,1994]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="454">C. panamensis</emphasis>
|
||||
(Steindachner, 1876)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12DDF38FCAF3CF16945F84C" blockId="11.[820,1490,1289,2024]" box="[844,1116,2001,2024]" pageId="11" pageNumber="454">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12DDF38FCAF3CF16945F84C" authority="(Bleeker, 1868)" baseAuthorityName="Bleeker" baseAuthorityYear="1868" box="[844,1116,2001,2024]" family="Serranidae" genus="Cephalopholis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="454" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="polleni">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12DDF38FCAF3CF16EA9F843" box="[844,944,2001,2023]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="454">C. polleni</emphasis>
|
||||
(Bleeker, 1868)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12ADF3FFF453BA06CE1FF71" blockId="12.[166,693,131,331]" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12ADF3FFF453BA06F70FF3C" authority="Randall & Satapoomin, 2000" authorityName="Randall & Satapoomin" authorityYear="2000" box="[166,617,131,153]" family="Serranidae" genus="Cephalopholis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="455" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="polyspila">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12ADF3FFF453BA06C39FF3D" box="[166,288,131,153]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">C. polyspila</emphasis>
|
||||
Randall & Satapoomin, 2000
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12ADF3FFF453B826CABFF13" authority="(Forsskal, 1775)" baseAuthorityName="Forsskal" baseAuthorityYear="1775" box="[166,434,160,183]" family="Serranidae" genus="Aethaloperca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="455" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rogaa">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12ADF3FFF453B826DE4FF12" box="[166,253,161,182]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">C. rogaa</emphasis>
|
||||
(Forsskål, 1775)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(formerly
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12ADF3FFDCA3B836FB4FF12" authorityName=", Randall" authorityYear="1964" box="[553,685,160,182]" family="Serranidae" genus="Aethaloperca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="455" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12ADF3FFDCA3B836FB4FF12" box="[553,685,160,182]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">Aethaloperca</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
)
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12ADF3FFF453B9C6CE1FF71" authority="(Ruppell, 1830)" baseAuthorityName="Ruppell" baseAuthorityYear="1830" box="[166,504,190,213]" family="Serranidae" genus="Cephalopholis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="455" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sexmaculata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12ADF3FFF453B9C6C5CFF70" box="[166,325,190,212]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">C. sexmaculata</emphasis>
|
||||
(Rüppell, 1830)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12ADF3FFF453BFF6F0DFF56" blockId="12.[166,693,131,331]" box="[166,532,219,242]" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12ADF3FFF453BFF6F0DFF56" authority="(Valenciennes, 1828)" baseAuthorityName="Valenciennes" baseAuthorityYear="1828" box="[166,532,219,242]" family="Serranidae" genus="Cephalopholis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="455" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sonnerati">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12ADF3FFF453BFF6C3AFF55" box="[166,291,220,241]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">C. sonnerati</emphasis>
|
||||
(Valenciennes, 1828)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12ADF3FFF453BD96F30FEB4" blockId="12.[166,693,131,331]" box="[166,553,249,272]" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12ADF3FFF453BD96F30FEB4" authority="(Valenciennes, 1828)" baseAuthorityName="Valenciennes" baseAuthorityYear="1828" box="[166,553,249,272]" family="Serranidae" genus="Cephalopholis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="455" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="spiloparaea">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12ADF3FFF453BD96C20FEAB" box="[166,313,249,271]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">C. spiloparaea</emphasis>
|
||||
(Valenciennes, 1828)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12ADF3FFF453A346F13FE8A" blockId="12.[166,693,131,331]" box="[166,522,279,302]" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12ADF3FFF453A346F13FE8A" authority="(Valenciennes, 1828)" baseAuthorityName="Valenciennes" baseAuthorityYear="1828" box="[166,522,279,302]" family="Serranidae" genus="Cephalopholis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="455" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="taeniops">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12ADF3FFF453A346C03FE89" box="[166,282,279,301]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">C. taeniops</emphasis>
|
||||
(Valenciennes, 1828)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12ADF3FFF453A166CA0FEEF" blockId="12.[166,693,131,331]" box="[166,441,308,331]" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12ADF3FFF453A166CA0FEEF" authority="(Forster, 1801)" baseAuthorityName="Forster" baseAuthorityYear="1801" box="[166,441,308,331]" family="Serranidae" genus="Cephalopholis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="455" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="urodeta">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12ADF3FFF453A166C08FEEE" box="[166,273,308,330]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="455">C. urodeta</emphasis>
|
||||
(Forster, 1801)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
200
data/03/FE/C0/03FEC024E12EDF39FCB83C1B6CE1FF13.xml
Normal file
200
data/03/FE/C0/03FEC024E12EDF39FCB83C1B6CE1FF13.xml
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,200 @@
|
|||
<document id="8166FD6775AA341F52666EA2FD99D3E1" ID-CLB-Dataset="298900" ID-DOI="10.1643/ci-18-055" ID-GBIF-Dataset="4919bfd6-3d35-48b9-9421-c852fa35abab" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12536069" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="julia" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="julia" IM.metadata_approvedBy="julia" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="julia" IM.treatments_approvedBy="julia" checkinTime="1719340789171" checkinUser="julia" docAuthor="Ma, Ka Yan & Craig, Matthew T." docDate="2018" docId="03FEC024E12EDF39FCB83C1B6CE1FF13" docLanguage="en" docName="copeia.106.3.443-456.pdf" docOrigin="Copeia 106 (3)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1643/ci-18-055" docTitle="Plectropomus Oken 1817" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="452" masterDocId="FFC7B85CE126DF33FFE33B236D19FFA4" masterDocTitle="An Inconvenient Monophyly: An Update on the Taxonomy of the Groupers (Epinephelidae)" masterLastPageNumber="456" masterPageNumber="443" pageNumber="451" updateTime="1719854615312" updateUser="julia">
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<mods:titleInfo id="AE53C304422A43B386873E48629A34C3">
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<mods:title id="A86A68C5C6F277400AA6EDF3F761C535">An Inconvenient Monophyly: An Update on the Taxonomy of the Groupers (Epinephelidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="9C7F8DA62FC663A576658C243F35AB92" type="personal">
|
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<mods:role id="8723648B579EB51D10C5E7334A36B00A">
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<mods:roleTerm id="06038B8FF9168A01EB83A39A5856CB90">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
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|
||||
<mods:namePart id="5E9CB46E39C380CB18F20631AB71C641">Ma, Ka Yan</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation id="F4337370DC3A66B7872C2FC206CB5641">Simon F. S. Li Marine Science Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, 999077, Hong Kong SAR.</mods:affiliation>
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|
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||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="421DCD3D8CB067D4E7466669071085F9">Craig, Matthew T.</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation id="071321261CAF11C5B7B63ABA93F6A8A2">2 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, 8901 La Jolla Shores Drive, La Jolla, California 92037</mods:affiliation>
|
||||
<mods:nameIdentifier id="36B1903CBE8BEA873F2452389C338178" type="email">matthew.craig@noaa.gov.</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||||
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<mods:typeOfResource id="A64F550D4A39E150EEDD10EFF31150ED">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="AC470B38B76E3F3CB7F1C794C257968A">Copeia</mods:title>
|
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</mods:titleInfo>
|
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<mods:part id="BE9FE214C73B8E75A12F2C112034DBD3">
|
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<mods:date id="E140AACA1CEA54F228173898CD69BC9F">2018</mods:date>
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|
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<mods:number id="D825D98337422005813B9FDD881AC382">2018-10-31</mods:number>
|
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|
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<mods:detail id="4B6D03D7DC780A691474B03F15F35894" type="volume">
|
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<mods:number id="5B4DBA8A422C0E33E9924B749A3DBA61">106</mods:number>
|
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</mods:detail>
|
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<mods:detail id="0C2E88BB46BD1FDD4EC3D8675A78B909" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="DE1EF8C93A236346CD8CBD541329C1CB">3</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="D9570B95CCE81AB5BB98EF0DCB6FB2C2">http://dx.doi.org/10.1643/ci-18-055</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification id="F9B115AEE9BB20E4405914376236EC28">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="1028B2B89ED945A051DE02B8372013BF" type="CLB-Dataset">298900</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="F391566E4CDC4E5A7F725F955D00654E" type="DOI">10.1643/ci-18-055</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="CB99AAB291A98BADEE5B81305D59170C" type="GBIF-Dataset">4919bfd6-3d35-48b9-9421-c852fa35abab</mods:identifier>
|
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<mods:identifier id="AAFBC776F550C62A62BB1EC448051004" type="Zenodo-Dep">12536069</mods:identifier>
|
||||
</mods:mods>
|
||||
<treatment id="03FEC024E12EDF39FCB83C1B6CE1FF13" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12536324" ID-GBIF-Taxon="233767945" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12536324" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FEC024E12EDF39FCB83C1B6CE1FF13" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FEC024E12EDF39FCB83C1B6CE1FF13" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="452" pageId="8" pageNumber="451">
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||||
<subSubSection id="C34D22B9E12EDF3BFCB83C1B6986F8EB" box="[859,1183,1848,1871]" pageId="8" pageNumber="451" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12EDF3BFCB83C1B6986F8EB" blockId="8.[859,1530,1848,2024]" box="[859,1183,1848,1871]" pageId="8" pageNumber="451">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12EDF3BFCB83C1B6EECF8EB" ID-CoL="6SD4" authority="Oken, 1817" authorityName="Oken" authorityYear="1817" box="[859,1013,1848,1871]" family="Epinephelidae" genus="Plectropomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="456" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12EDF3BFCB83C1B6EECF8EB" box="[859,1013,1848,1871]" pageId="8" pageNumber="451">Plectropomus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12EDF3BFBE73C1B6986F8EB" box="[1028,1183,1848,1871]" pageId="8" pageNumber="451">and Its Allies.</emphasis>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C34D22B9E12EDF39FB7C3C1B6CE1FF13" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="453" pageId="8" pageNumber="451" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12EDF3AFB7C3C1B6CAAF829" blockId="8.[859,1530,1848,2024]" lastBlockId="9.[103,773,1522,2024]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="452" pageId="8" pageNumber="451">
|
||||
—The genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12EDF3BFAD83C1B68DBF8EA" authorityName="Oken" authorityYear="1817" box="[1339,1474,1848,1870]" family="Serranidae" genus="Plectropomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="451" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12EDF3BFAD83C1B68DBF8EA" box="[1339,1474,1848,1870]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="451">Plectropomus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
was recovered as monophyletic; however, both the monotypic
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12EDF3BFCB83C566EFEF82F" box="[859,999,1909,1931]" family="Serranidae" genus="Gonioplectrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="451" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12EDF3BFCB83C566EFEF82F" box="[859,999,1909,1931]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="451">Gonioplectrus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12EDF3BFBC23C56696AF82F" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1964" box="[1057,1139,1909,1931]" family="Serranidae" genus="Saloptia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="451" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12EDF3BFBC23C56696AF82F" box="[1057,1139,1909,1931]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="451">Saloptia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
are included in a larger monophyletic clade. All three genera share a relatively low dorsal-fin spine count (7–8 vs. 9–11 in the remaining grouper genera). Smith (1964), Leis (1986), and Heemstra and Randall (1993) hypothesized a close relationship between
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12FDF3AFD953ED16FD3F9AC" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1964" box="[630,714,1522,1544]" family="Serranidae" genus="Saloptia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="452" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12FDF3AFD953ED16FD3F9AC" box="[630,714,1522,1544]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="452">Saloptia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12FDF3AFF843D336DF7F982" authorityName="Oken" authorityYear="1817" box="[103,238,1552,1574]" family="Serranidae" genus="Plectropomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="452" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12FDF3AFF843D336DF7F982" box="[103,238,1552,1574]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="452">Plectropomus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. Species in these genera are the only groupers with a single supraneural bone, low dorsal-fin spine count, three large antrorse spines on the lower edge of the preopercle, and only 13 branched caudal-fin rays.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12FDF3AFD513D496E1DF924" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1964" box="[690,772,1642,1664]" family="Serranidae" genus="Saloptia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="452" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12FDF3AFD513D496E1DF924" box="[690,772,1642,1664]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="452">Saloptia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
has been treated as a monotypic genus on the basis of the relative strength of the median fin spines (‘‘strong’’ in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12FDF3AFF843DE76DA0F97E" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1964" box="[103,185,1732,1754]" family="Serranidae" genus="Saloptia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="452" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12FDF3AFF843DE76DA0F97E" box="[103,185,1732,1754]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="452">Saloptia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and ‘‘weak’’ in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12FDF3AFE8C3DE76CEFF97E" authorityName="Oken" authorityYear="1817" box="[367,502,1732,1754]" family="Serranidae" genus="Plectropomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="452" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12FDF3AFE8C3DE76CEFF97E" box="[367,502,1732,1754]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="452">Plectropomus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
; Heemstra and Randall, 1993) and an absence of enlarged canine teeth on the lower jaw. Given the numerous synapomorphies shared by these genera, the argument for retaining
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12FDF3AFE0C3C3D6F48F897" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1964" box="[495,593,1821,1843]" family="Serranidae" genus="Saloptia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="452" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="powelli">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12FDF3AFE0C3C3D6F48F897" box="[495,593,1821,1843]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="452">S. powelli</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
in a monotypic genus is relatively weak. The loss of canine teeth appears to be an autapomorphic character and is insufficient to exclude the species from
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12FDF3AFEC63C546CB5F829" authorityName="Oken" authorityYear="1817" box="[293,428,1911,1933]" family="Serranidae" genus="Plectropomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="452" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12FDF3AFEC63C546CB5F829" box="[293,428,1911,1933]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="452">Plectropomus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="DF2821BAE12FDF3AFB903E40684CFA08" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12536102" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12536102" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12536102/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="452" startId="9.[1139,1167,1379,1399]" targetBox="[103,1090,131,1446]" targetPageId="9" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12FDF3AFB903E40684CFA08" blockId="9.[1139,1490,1378,1452]" pageId="9" pageNumber="452">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12FDF3AFB903E4069ABFA08" bold="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="452">
|
||||
FIG. 7.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12FDF3AFB5C3E416898FAD2" baseAuthorityName="Valenciennes" baseAuthorityYear="1828" box="[1215,1409,1378,1398]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="452" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="altivelis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12FDF3AFB5C3E416898FAD2" bold="true" box="[1215,1409,1378,1398]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="452">Epinephelus altivelis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
juvenile (top) and adult (bottom). Photographs
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
©
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12FDF3AFB323EBB684CFA08" authority="Myers." authorityName="Myers." box="[1233,1365,1432,1452]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Robert" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="452" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Robert Myers.</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12FDF3AFF9C3CB56912F8A3" blockId="9.[103,773,1522,2024]" lastBlockId="9.[820,1491,1522,2024]" pageId="9" pageNumber="452">
|
||||
The monotypic genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12FDF3AFE9D3CB56F13F808" box="[382,522,1942,1964]" family="Serranidae" genus="Gonioplectrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="452" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12FDF3AFE9D3CB56F13F808" box="[382,522,1942,1964]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="452">Gonioplectrus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is also present in this clade (clade A,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="136C6DB7E12FDF3AFEEC3C976C4CF86D" box="[271,341,1972,1994]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="3.[103,131,1851,1871]" captionTargetBox="[217,1376,130,1821]" captionTargetId="figure-1@3.[217,1376,130,1821]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIG. 1. Majority rule consensus cladogram of maximum likelihood analysis, reconstructed using RAxML with 1000 bootstrap replicates following Ma et al. (2016). Numbers at nodes represent bootstrap support values (%)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12536076" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12536076/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="452">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="136C6DB7E12FDF3AFE873C906C6DF86E" box="[356,372,1971,1994]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="4.[142,170,1851,1871]" captionTargetBox="[213,1458,130,1821]" captionTargetId="figure-0@4.[213,1458,130,1821]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIG. 2. Bayesian inference phylogram reconstructed using MrBayes following Ma et al. (2016). Numbers on branches represent posterior probabilities." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12536081" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12536081/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="452">2</figureCitation>
|
||||
). This is not entirely surprising as it shares the low number of dorsal-fin spines (8) with species of
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12FDF3AFCD73ED16947F9AC" box="[820,1118,1522,1544]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="452">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12FDF3AFCD73ED16EA6F9AC" authorityName="Oken" authorityYear="1817" box="[820,959,1522,1544]" family="Serranidae" genus="Plectropomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="452" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Plectropomus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12FDF3AFC313ED16947F9AC" box="[978,1118,1522,1544]" family="Serranidae" genus="Gonioplectrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="452" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Gonioplectrus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
has two well-developed supraneurals (versus only one in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12FDF3AFB9C3D31681FF98C" authorityName="Oken" authorityYear="1817" box="[1151,1286,1554,1576]" family="Serranidae" genus="Plectropomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="452" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12FDF3AFB9C3D31681FF98C" box="[1151,1286,1554,1576]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="452">Plectropomus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12FDF3AFAAA3D316882F98C" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1964" box="[1353,1435,1554,1576]" family="Serranidae" genus="Saloptia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="452" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12FDF3AFAAA3D316882F98C" box="[1353,1435,1554,1576]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="452">Saloptia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
), 15 branched caudal-fin rays (versus 13 in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12FDF3AFAF23D116881F9EC" authorityName="Oken" authorityYear="1817" box="[1297,1432,1586,1608]" family="Serranidae" genus="Plectropomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="452" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12FDF3AFAF23D116881F9EC" box="[1297,1432,1586,1608]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="452">Plectropomus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12FDF3AFCD73D716E9FF9CC" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1964" box="[820,902,1618,1640]" family="Serranidae" genus="Saloptia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="452" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12FDF3AFCD73D716E9FF9CC" box="[820,902,1618,1640]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="452">Saloptia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
), a prominent knob on the lower corner of the maxilla (absent in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12FDF3AFBE93D51682AF92C" authority=", Plectropomus" authorityName="Plectropomus" box="[1034,1331,1650,1672]" family="Serranidae" genus="Cephalopholis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="452" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12FDF3AFBE93D516982F92C" box="[1034,1179,1650,1672]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="452">Cephalopholis</emphasis>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12FDF3AFB4F3D51682AF92C" box="[1196,1331,1650,1672]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="452">Plectropomus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12FDF3AFA943D5168D0F92C" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1964" box="[1399,1481,1650,1672]" family="Serranidae" genus="Saloptia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="452" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12FDF3AFA943D5168D0F92C" box="[1399,1481,1650,1672]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="452">Saloptia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
) and unique cranial morphology (Heemstra and Randall, 1993). Given these differences,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12FDF3AFB763D926838F963" box="[1173,1313,1713,1735]" family="Serranidae" genus="Gonioplectrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="452" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12FDF3AFB763D926838F963" box="[1173,1313,1713,1735]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="452">Gonioplectrus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
appears to be a related, but distinct genus and is retained for the single species
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12FDF3AFC6B3DD1691CF8A3" baseAuthorityName="Cuvier" baseAuthorityYear="1828" box="[904,1029,1777,1799]" family="Serranidae" genus="Gonioplectrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="452" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hispanus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12FDF3AFC6B3DD1691CF8A3" box="[904,1029,1777,1799]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="452">G. hispanus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12FDF39FCAF3C316CE1FF13" blockId="9.[820,1491,1522,2024]" lastBlockId="10.[142,812,131,183]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="453" pageId="9" pageNumber="452">
|
||||
Also included in the monophyletic clade A (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="136C6DB7E12FDF3AFAB93C316882F88D" box="[1370,1435,1810,1833]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="3.[103,131,1851,1871]" captionTargetBox="[217,1376,130,1821]" captionTargetId="figure-1@3.[217,1376,130,1821]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIG. 1. Majority rule consensus cladogram of maximum likelihood analysis, reconstructed using RAxML with 1000 bootstrap replicates following Ma et al. (2016). Numbers at nodes represent bootstrap support values (%)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12536076" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12536076/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="452">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||||
) are members of the genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12FDF3AFBD83C11699CF8EC" authorityName="Swainson" authorityYear="1839" box="[1083,1157,1842,1864]" family="Serranidae" genus="Variola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="452" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12FDF3AFBD83C11699CF8EC" box="[1083,1157,1842,1864]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="452">Variola</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. With nine dorsal-fin spines, this genus would seem to be closely related to
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12FDF3AFAD93C7168D2F8CC" box="[1338,1483,1874,1896]" family="Serranidae" genus="Cephalopholis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="452" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12FDF3AFAD93C7168D2F8CC" box="[1338,1483,1874,1896]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="452">Cephalopholis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
; however, it is clear from the analyses that this is not the case. Species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12FDF3AFC583CB1691FF80C" authorityName="Swainson" authorityYear="1839" box="[955,1030,1938,1960]" family="Serranidae" genus="Variola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="452" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12FDF3AFC583CB1691FF80C" box="[955,1030,1938,1960]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="452">Variola</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
are the only grouper species with a pronounced, lunate tail. While closely allied with
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12FDF3AFA8D3C926E46F843" authorityName="Oken" authorityYear="1817" family="Serranidae" genus="Plectropomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="452" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12FDF3AFA8D3C926E46F843" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="452">Plectropomus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12FDF3AFC473CF26929F843" box="[932,1072,2001,2023]" family="Serranidae" genus="Gonioplectrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="452" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12FDF3AFC473CF26929F843" box="[932,1072,2001,2023]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="452">Gonioplectrus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, the genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12FDF3AFB203CF26814F843" authorityName="Swainson" authorityYear="1839" box="[1219,1293,2001,2023]" family="Serranidae" genus="Variola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="452" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12FDF3AFB203CF26814F843" box="[1219,1293,2001,2023]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="452">Variola</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
appears to be a distinct group among the groupers with low dorsal-fin spine counts and is therefore retained.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
199
data/03/FE/C0/03FEC024E12EDF3BFF6D3D2568A7F8B3.xml
Normal file
199
data/03/FE/C0/03FEC024E12EDF3BFF6D3D2568A7F8B3.xml
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,199 @@
|
|||
<document id="7DCFF96D371E4864EE88ECD201EEC0A0" ID-CLB-Dataset="298900" ID-DOI="10.1643/ci-18-055" ID-GBIF-Dataset="4919bfd6-3d35-48b9-9421-c852fa35abab" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12536069" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="julia" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="julia" IM.metadata_approvedBy="julia" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="julia" IM.treatments_approvedBy="julia" checkinTime="1719340789171" checkinUser="julia" docAuthor="Ma, Ka Yan & Craig, Matthew T." docDate="2018" docId="03FEC024E12EDF3BFF6D3D2568A7F8B3" docLanguage="en" docName="copeia.106.3.443-456.pdf" docOrigin="Copeia 106 (3)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1643/ci-18-055" docTitle="Mycteroperca Gill 1862" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="451" masterDocId="FFC7B85CE126DF33FFE33B236D19FFA4" masterDocTitle="An Inconvenient Monophyly: An Update on the Taxonomy of the Groupers (Epinephelidae)" masterLastPageNumber="456" masterPageNumber="443" pageNumber="451" updateTime="1719854615312" updateUser="julia">
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<mods:mods id="2133DF2D755C9BE7DB4085C438FBB0DD" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="6B2D786110643D10276D7D60D416599A">
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<mods:title id="893E5A4EE95119C23DFEEA01CF0DBB46">An Inconvenient Monophyly: An Update on the Taxonomy of the Groupers (Epinephelidae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="55BA037D94BEA5D0BEA418003BD6080E" type="personal">
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="263C321E78BF3AEB2A80589B89090E91">Ma, Ka Yan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="55B94BDB4EE6AAF9320C400B4A6FE855">Simon F. S. Li Marine Science Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, 999077, Hong Kong SAR.</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="4869023F42E0CB4C2E5F50CC2FF68617">Craig, Matthew T.</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation id="B1A412145ABA8D2D9B4DD08A0C55A241">2 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, 8901 La Jolla Shores Drive, La Jolla, California 92037</mods:affiliation>
|
||||
<mods:nameIdentifier id="6EA77C2F9D9E28379E418889CA142880" type="email">matthew.craig@noaa.gov.</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="CF38761088D85DC7F531A20FA8390DF1">Copeia</mods:title>
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|
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<mods:part id="2170031E96CE8A386FE74AE13567A3A3">
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<mods:date id="866FD0CB635A6BF8B9AAB889BE6D72E7">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="DFBDED3E578A829042835CB39B479734">2018-10-31</mods:number>
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|
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<mods:number id="07FEF5BEC161FAFCD0011AD0457F91DC">106</mods:number>
|
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</mods:detail>
|
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<mods:number id="5458C59F0F3A0DB1727A6F18F952494D">3</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
|
||||
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|
||||
<mods:start id="EE44FA50CDFD0423C8D7D0A658B14603">443</mods:start>
|
||||
<mods:end id="483AAEE27D20EB547EBE49B412D7B402">456</mods:end>
|
||||
</mods:extent>
|
||||
</mods:part>
|
||||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||||
<mods:location id="DB51C8205A2310FDA205964C3978CBC3">
|
||||
<mods:url id="0008F5FB228ABBC940225A4F2F8A30EC">http://dx.doi.org/10.1643/ci-18-055</mods:url>
|
||||
</mods:location>
|
||||
<mods:classification id="B597C3A01287E79B2666F648BEC6E24B">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="CB5F51FC2E7B342E8EDB295C8C7F373A" type="CLB-Dataset">298900</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="A9E010B22A126BCF6E26A1E3AA5D3690" type="DOI">10.1643/ci-18-055</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="38F9807A68D13A21B2CBF5BF62664A0E" type="GBIF-Dataset">4919bfd6-3d35-48b9-9421-c852fa35abab</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="9085A833753512E1A993BDEB1322FD75" type="Zenodo-Dep">12536069</mods:identifier>
|
||||
</mods:mods>
|
||||
<treatment id="03FEC024E12EDF3BFF6D3D2568A7F8B3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12536322" ID-GBIF-Taxon="233767944" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12536322" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FEC024E12EDF3BFF6D3D2568A7F8B3" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FEC024E12EDF3BFF6D3D2568A7F8B3" lastPageNumber="451" pageId="8" pageNumber="451">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12EDF3BFF6D3D256C22F9B9" bold="true" box="[142,315,1542,1565]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="451">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C34D22B9E12EDF3BFF6D3D256C3DF9B9" box="[142,292,1542,1565]" pageId="8" pageNumber="451" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12EDF3BFF6D3D256C3DF9B9" blockId="8.[142,813,1542,2023]" box="[142,292,1542,1565]" pageId="8" pageNumber="451">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12EDF3BFF6D3D256C39F9B9" ID-CoL="5W7H" authority="Gill, 1862" authorityName="Gill" authorityYear="1862" box="[142,288,1542,1565]" family="Epinephelidae" genus="Mycteroperca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="451" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Mycteroperca</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C34D22B9E12EDF3BFEC73D2568A7F8B3" pageId="8" pageNumber="451" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE87132E12EDF3BFEC73D2568A7F8B3" blockId="8.[142,813,1542,2023]" lastBlockId="8.[859,1530,1395,1815]" pageId="8" pageNumber="451">
|
||||
—Morphologically, the genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12EDF3BFD993D246FE6F9B8" authorityName="Gill" authorityYear="1862" box="[634,767,1543,1564]" family="Serranidae" genus="Mycteroperca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="451" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12EDF3BFD993D246FE6F9B8" box="[634,767,1543,1564]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="451">Mycteroperca</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
appears to be closely related to
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12EDF3BFE3B3D066F4BF99F" authorityName="Bloch" authorityYear="1793" box="[472,594,1573,1595]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="451" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12EDF3BFE3B3D066F4BF99F" box="[472,594,1573,1595]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="451">Epinephelus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, as they both have 10 or 11 dorsal-fin spines and lack trisegmental pterygiophores in the dorsal and anal fins, as well as the knob at the lower corner of maxilla (Heemstra and Randall, 1993). In past treatments,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12EDF3BFEFA3D836C87F911" authorityName="Gill" authorityYear="1862" box="[281,414,1696,1717]" family="Serranidae" genus="Mycteroperca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="451" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12EDF3BFEFA3D836C87F911" box="[281,414,1696,1717]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="451">Mycteroperca</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
has primarily been distinguished from
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12EDF3BFF293D9D6C5DF970" authorityName="Bloch" authorityYear="1793" box="[202,324,1726,1748]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="451" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12EDF3BFF293D9D6C5DF970" box="[202,324,1726,1748]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="451">Epinephelus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
by its greater number of anal-fin rays (10–13 in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12EDF3BFF4C3DFE6C2DF956" authorityName="Gill" authorityYear="1862" box="[175,308,1757,1778]" family="Serranidae" genus="Mycteroperca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="451" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12EDF3BFF4C3DFE6C2DF956" box="[175,308,1757,1778]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="451">Mycteroperca</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and 7–10 in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12EDF3BFE303DFF6F54F956" authorityName="Bloch" authorityYear="1793" box="[467,589,1756,1778]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="451" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12EDF3BFE303DFF6F54F956" box="[467,589,1756,1778]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="451">Epinephelus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
), its body depth at dorsal-fin origin not more than depth at anus, and in its caudal-fin shape (truncate, emarginate, or distinctly concave in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12EDF3BFF4F3C1A6C28F8EA" authorityName="Gill" authorityYear="1862" box="[172,305,1849,1870]" family="Serranidae" genus="Mycteroperca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="451" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12EDF3BFF4F3C1A6C28F8EA" box="[172,305,1849,1870]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="451">Mycteroperca</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
versus generally round and rarely truncate in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12EDF3BFF6D3C746C11F8C9" authorityName="Bloch" authorityYear="1793" box="[142,264,1879,1901]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="451" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12EDF3BFF6D3C746C11F8C9" box="[142,264,1879,1901]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="451">Epinephelus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
). Consistent with previous studies (Craig and Hastings, 2007; Zhuang et al., 2013; Ma et al., 2016), several species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12EDF3BFEE23CB76C62F80E" authorityName="Bloch" authorityYear="1793" box="[257,379,1940,1962]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="451" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12EDF3BFEE23CB76C62F80E" box="[257,379,1940,1962]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="451">Epinephelus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
were nested within the clade containing
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12EDF3BFF5A3C976C27F86D" authorityName="Gill" authorityYear="1862" box="[185,318,1972,1993]" family="Serranidae" genus="Mycteroperca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="451" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12EDF3BFF5A3C976C27F86D" box="[185,318,1972,1993]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="451">Mycteroperca</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, including
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12EDF3BFE5D3C976F62F86D" baseAuthorityName="Fowler & Bean" baseAuthorityYear="1930" box="[446,635,1971,1993]" family="Serranidae" genus="Cephalopholis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="451" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="albomarginatus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12EDF3BFE5D3C976F62F86D" box="[446,635,1971,1993]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="451">E. albomarginatus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12EDF3BFD6A3C976E11F86D" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1903" box="[649,776,1971,1993]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="451" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="andersoni">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12EDF3BFD6A3C976E11F86D" box="[649,776,1971,1993]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="451">E. andersoni</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12EDF3BFCF43C976C57F843" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="451">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12EDF3BFCF43C976DF8F843" baseAuthorityName="Valenciennes" baseAuthorityYear="1843" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="451" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caninus">E. caninus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12EDF3BFF133CF16C57F843" baseAuthorityName="Steindachner" baseAuthorityYear="1878" box="[240,334,2002,2023]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="451" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="costae">E. costae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12EDF3BFE823CF16CC6F843" baseAuthorityName="Temminck & Schlegel" baseAuthorityYear="1842" box="[353,479,2002,2023]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="451" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="epistictus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12EDF3BFE823CF16CC6F843" box="[353,479,2002,2023]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="451">E. epistictus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12EDF3BFE123CF16F75F843" baseAuthorityName="Valenciennes" baseAuthorityYear="1830" box="[497,620,2002,2023]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="451" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="goreensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12EDF3BFE123CF16F75F843" box="[497,620,2002,2023]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="451">E. goreensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12EDF3BFD9D3CF16E1DF843" authorityName="Fowler" authorityYear="1904" box="[638,772,2001,2023]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="451" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="heniochus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12EDF3BFD9D3CF16E1DF843" box="[638,772,2001,2023]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="451">E. heniochus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12EDF3BFCF43CF16ED6FA2D" baseAuthorityName="Lowe" baseAuthorityYear="1834" box="[791,975,1396,2023]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="451" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marginatus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12EDF3BFCF43CF16ED6FA2D" box="[791,975,1396,2023]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="451">E. marginatus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12EDF3BFC053E57697BFA2D" baseAuthorityName="Valenciennes" baseAuthorityYear="1833" box="[998,1122,1395,1417]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="451" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="morrhua">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12EDF3BFC053E57697BFA2D" box="[998,1122,1395,1417]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="451">E. morrhua</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12EDF3BFB9B3E576800FA2D" baseAuthorityName="Temminck & Schlegel" baseAuthorityYear="1842" box="[1144,1305,1395,1417]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="451" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="poecilonotus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12EDF3BFB9B3E576800FA2D" box="[1144,1305,1395,1417]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="451">E. poecilonotus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12EDF3BFAD33E57688CFA2D" baseAuthorityName="Fourmanoir & Crosnier" baseAuthorityYear="1964" box="[1328,1429,1395,1417]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="451" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="posteli">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12EDF3BFAD33E57688CFA2D" box="[1328,1429,1395,1417]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="451">E. posteli</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12EDF3BFA073E576EB6FA03" baseAuthorityName="Day" baseAuthorityYear="1868" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="451" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="radiatus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12EDF3BFA073E576EB6FA03" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="451">E. radiatus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Clade D,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="136C6DB7E12EDF3BFBC63EB16972FA03" box="[1061,1131,1426,1448]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="3.[103,131,1851,1871]" captionTargetBox="[217,1376,130,1821]" captionTargetId="figure-1@3.[217,1376,130,1821]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIG. 1. Majority rule consensus cladogram of maximum likelihood analysis, reconstructed using RAxML with 1000 bootstrap replicates following Ma et al. (2016). Numbers at nodes represent bootstrap support values (%)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12536076" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12536076/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="451">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="136C6DB7E12EDF3BFB9A3EB26990FA0C" box="[1145,1161,1425,1448]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="4.[142,170,1851,1871]" captionTargetBox="[213,1458,130,1821]" captionTargetId="figure-0@4.[213,1458,130,1821]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIG. 2. Bayesian inference phylogram reconstructed using MrBayes following Ma et al. (2016). Numbers on branches represent posterior probabilities." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12536081" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12536081/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="451">2</figureCitation>
|
||||
). With the exception of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12EDF3BFA7B3EB168EBFA03" baseAuthorityName="Bloch" baseAuthorityYear="1793" box="[1432,1522,1425,1447]" family="Serranidae" genus="Mycteroperca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="451" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubra">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12EDF3BFA7B3EB168EBFA03" box="[1432,1522,1425,1447]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="451">M. rubra</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, all other species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12EDF3BFBB23E9269CFFA62" authorityName="Gill" authorityYear="1862" box="[1105,1238,1457,1478]" family="Serranidae" genus="Mycteroperca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="451" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12EDF3BFBB23E9269CFFA62" box="[1105,1238,1457,1478]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="451">Mycteroperca</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
form the monophyletic crown group to the entire clade (Clade D,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="136C6DB7E12EDF3BFA943EEC68DFFA40" box="[1399,1478,1487,1509]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="3.[103,131,1851,1871]" captionTargetBox="[217,1376,130,1821]" captionTargetId="figure-1@3.[217,1376,130,1821]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIG. 1. Majority rule consensus cladogram of maximum likelihood analysis, reconstructed using RAxML with 1000 bootstrap replicates following Ma et al. (2016). Numbers at nodes represent bootstrap support values (%)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12536076" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12536076/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="451">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="136C6DB7E12EDF3BFA3F3EEC68F5FA42" box="[1500,1516,1487,1510]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="4.[142,170,1851,1871]" captionTargetBox="[213,1458,130,1821]" captionTargetId="figure-0@4.[213,1458,130,1821]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIG. 2. Bayesian inference phylogram reconstructed using MrBayes following Ma et al. (2016). Numbers on branches represent posterior probabilities." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12536081" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12536081/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="451">2</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Although the species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12EDF3BFB963ECE69F6F9A7" authorityName="Bloch" authorityYear="1793" box="[1141,1263,1517,1539]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="451" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12EDF3BFB963ECE69F6F9A7" box="[1141,1263,1517,1539]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="451">Epinephelus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
within this clade have 8–9 anal-fin rays and a rounded caudal fin, several (
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12EDF3BFA073D2E69C8F9E5" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="451">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12EDF3BFA073D2E6ED8F9E5" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1903" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="451" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="andersoni">E. andersoni</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12EDF3BFC353D0F6941F9E5" baseAuthorityName="Valenciennes" baseAuthorityYear="1830" box="[982,1112,1580,1601]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="451" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="goreensis">E. goreensis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12EDF3BFB8F3D0F69C8F9E5" baseAuthorityName="Fourmanoir & Crosnier" baseAuthorityYear="1964" box="[1132,1233,1579,1601]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="451" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="posteli">E. posteli</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
) share the characteristic evenness of body depth typical of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12EDF3BFB1B3D696864F9FB" authorityName="Gill" authorityYear="1862" box="[1272,1405,1610,1631]" family="Serranidae" genus="Mycteroperca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="451" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12EDF3BFB1B3D696864F9FB" box="[1272,1405,1610,1631]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="451">Mycteroperca</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. Although morphological synapomorphies have yet to be found, all molecular data provide strong support for the monophyly of this clade of groupers, and hence it seems most prudent to include the 11 species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12EDF3BFB8D3DE769F1F97E" authorityName="Bloch" authorityYear="1793" box="[1134,1256,1732,1754]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="451" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12EDF3BFB8D3DE769F1F97E" box="[1134,1256,1732,1754]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="451">Epinephelus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12EDF3BFAE83DE66889F97E" authorityName="Gill" authorityYear="1862" box="[1291,1424,1733,1754]" family="Serranidae" genus="Mycteroperca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="451" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12EDF3BFAE83DE66889F97E" box="[1291,1424,1733,1754]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="451">Mycteroperca</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(the type species for
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C570AB1E12EDF3BFC393DC1694DF95C" authorityName="Bloch" authorityYear="1793" box="[986,1108,1762,1784]" family="Serranidae" genus="Epinephelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="451" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12EDF3BFC393DC1694DF95C" box="[986,1108,1762,1784]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="451">Epinephelus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
being recovered within clade F, thus the monophyletic clade E
|
||||
<emphasis id="B923AD20E12EDF3BFB943C23699EF8B3" bold="true" box="[1143,1159,1792,1815]" pageId="8" pageNumber="451">þ</emphasis>
|
||||
F retains the generic name).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
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