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E. + + + +Author + +Fedorova, A. V. + + + +Author + +Ignatova, E. A. + + + +Author + +Ignatov, M. S. + +text + + +Arctoa + + +2019 + +2019-06-30 + + +28 + + +1 + + +18 +23 + + + + +https://doi.org/10.15298/arctoa.28.03 + +journal article +10.15298/arctoa.28.03 +0131-1379 +15427048 + + + + +3. + +Forsstroemia neckeroides +Broth., Rev. Bryol. Lichénol. + +2: 7. 1929. + + + + + +Lectotype +(selected by +Stark, 1987 +): [ +China +] “ +Mandschuria +, prope stantionem Hantoheva ( +Handahoedzi +) viae ferrafiae, ad rupes”, coll. +Litvinov +s.n., + +20 Jun 1903 + +( +H- +BR 1742008 +!; + + +isolectotypes +H-BR +1742011! +, + + +H.BR +1742012! +). + + + + + +Description: Plants robust, in loose brownish-green, somewhat lustrous tufts. Secondary stems up to +2 cm +long, curved, densely terete foliate, remotely and irregularly pinnately branched, branches up to +8 mm +long, curved, similarly foliate as secondary stems. Stem leaves ovate to ovate-lanceolate, shortly acuminate, concave, +1.8–2.8 mm +long, +0.7–1.1 mm +wide; margin plane, entire to minutely crenulate; costa reaching 0.4–0.7 the leaf length; lamina cells ovate-elongate, 20–45 × 7–11 µm. Autoicous. Perigonia and perichaetia present. Sporophytes not available in Russian collection [Capsules immersed ( +Stark, 1987 +)]. + + + + +Differentiation: The concave leaves of + +F. neckeroides + +with “oily luster” resemble + +F. trichomitria + +, but in that species the shoots are not so much curved, the leaves are less concave, not plicate, the costa reaches only 0.2–0.4(– 0.5) the leaf length, and the commonly present sporophytes are exserted. Sympatric species of +Lembophyllaceae +that resemble + +F. neckeroides + +, i.e. + +Dolichomitriopsis diversiformis +(Mitt.) Nog. + +, + +Dolichomitra cymbifolia +(Lindb.) Broth. + +and + +Isothecium hakkodense +Besch. + +have a still longer costa, 0.6–0.8 the leaf length, not conspicuously curved shoots, and all of them are dioicous. + + + + +Specimen examined +: [ +Russia +, +Primorsky +Territory] +Okeanskaya +, +Koreisakaya Sopka +[“Corean Hill”], + +6 Aug 1930 + +, coll. +A.S. Lazarenko +, KW #12964. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/F4/87/03F48793FFDDFFD0FCB3D07E156B28EA.xml b/data/03/F4/87/03F48793FFDDFFD0FCB3D07E156B28EA.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..ad86a9c304d --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/F4/87/03F48793FFDDFFD0FCB3D07E156B28EA.xml @@ -0,0 +1,159 @@ + + + +Miscellaneous notes on the genus Forsstroemia in Russia (Neckeraceae, Bryophyta) + + + +Author + +Enroth, J. + + + +Author + +Fedosov, V. E. + + + +Author + +Fedorova, A. V. + + + +Author + +Ignatova, E. A. + + + +Author + +Ignatov, M. S. + +text + + +Arctoa + + +2019 + +2019-06-30 + + +28 + + +1 + + +18 +23 + + + + +https://doi.org/10.15298/arctoa.28.03 + +journal article +10.15298/arctoa.28.03 +0131-1379 +15427048 + + + + +1. + +Forsstroemia konoi +(Broth.) Enroth, Fedosov & Ignatov + +, comb. nova + + + + +– + +Neckera konoi +Broth. + +in Cardot, Bull. Soc. Bot. Gèn., Sér. 2, 3: 277. 1911. + + +Protologue: “ +Japon +: mont Ishizuchi (G. Kono, Herb. Brotherus); Tsurugizan (n. 1152); Koma-ga-take (n. 3554)”. + + + + + +Lectotype +: “Japanese Musci, Gakuichi Kono, No +257, + +Neckera Konoi +Broth. + +n. sp. +, M. Ishizushi ( +Shikoku +), Coll. + +G. K. + + +Sept. 5 1906 + +” ( +H-BR +2892007! +, with sporophytes) ( +Fig. 2 +) + +. + + + + + +Neckera konoi + +was described from +Japan +and later reported from +Anhui +and +Sichuan +in +China +( +Wu, 2011 +) and from +Primorsky +Territory in +Russia +( + +Ignatova +et al. +, 2009 + +), with description and illustrations. + + + +Forsstroemia konoi + +is known in +Russia +only from a localitity near Benevskie Waterfalls, on cliffs beside waterfall, in a restricted area. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/F4/87/03F48793FFDDFFD1FCB3D6AD126C2A49.xml b/data/03/F4/87/03F48793FFDDFFD1FCB3D6AD126C2A49.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..fa5becdf4b5 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/F4/87/03F48793FFDDFFD1FCB3D6AD126C2A49.xml @@ -0,0 +1,197 @@ + + + +Miscellaneous notes on the genus Forsstroemia in Russia (Neckeraceae, Bryophyta) + + + +Author + +Enroth, J. + + + +Author + +Fedosov, V. E. + + + +Author + +Fedorova, A. V. + + + +Author + +Ignatova, E. A. + + + +Author + +Ignatov, M. S. + +text + + +Arctoa + + +2019 + +2019-06-30 + + +28 + + +1 + + +18 +23 + + + + +https://doi.org/10.15298/arctoa.28.03 + +journal article +10.15298/arctoa.28.03 +0131-1379 +15427048 + + + + +2. + +Forsstroemia producta +(Hornsch.) Paris, Actes Soc. Linn. Bordeaux + +, 9(3): 175. 1895. + + + + +– + +Pterogonium productum +Hornsch., Linnaea + +15(1): 138–139. 1841. + + + + + +Neotype +: +South Africa +(MO, dupl. L), see details in +Stark (1987) + +. + + + +Forsstroemia stricta +Laz., Bot. Zhurn. (Kiev) + +2(1): 84. 1941. Syn. nov. + + + +Holotype +: +Russia +, +Primorsky Territory +: +Shkotovo Distr. +, +Upper Maikhe River +, +Peishula +, on rotten log, + +10.X.1933 + +, +A. Lazarenko +( +KW! +) [description and illustration of this specimen were provided by Ignatov & Cherdantseva, 1995] + +. + + + + +Comment +: +Ochyra (1988) +mentioned this specimen as +lectotype +. However, only +one specimen +is cited in the protologue, and +Kiew’ Institute of Botany +(KW) is the main depositarium of +Lazarenko +collections, thus we designate the specimen as the +holotype +. + + + +Forsstroemia stricta + +was described from a small specimen, and male gemetangia were not found by Lazarenko, so the species was assumed to be dioicous. Ignatov & Cherdantseva (1995) confirmed this. However, subsequently we found this species in two localities and richer material showed an autoicous sexual condition in all collections. Quite many plants, either collected or seen in forest, had sporophytes. + + + +Fig. 3. + +Forsstroemia neckeroides +Broth. + +from Okeanskaya, Lazarenko 1935 (KW): 1–2: habit; 3: upper leaf cells; 3: middle leaf cells; 5–7: leaves; 8: basal leaf cells. Scale bars: +1 cm +for 2; +2 mm +for 1; +1 mm +for 5–7; 100 µm for 3, 4, 8. + + + +DNA analysis of +two specimens +from two localities resolved them it an a clade with + +F. producta + +from +Mexico +and U.S.A., confirming their identity. + +Forsstroemia producta + +is a pantropical and subtropical species, and the name has numerousmany synonyms used for plants from +Asia +, +Africa +, +North America +and +Australia +( +Stark, 1987 +). + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/FA/87/03FA87F36F2BE5113DEBF94CBE2CFB2A.xml b/data/03/FA/87/03FA87F36F2BE5113DEBF94CBE2CFB2A.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..52a76ed61c5 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/FA/87/03FA87F36F2BE5113DEBF94CBE2CFB2A.xml @@ -0,0 +1,751 @@ + + + +Systematics of Vigna subgenus Lasiospron (Leguminosae: Papilionoideae: Phaseolinae) + + + +Author + +Delgado-Salinas, Alfonso +Author for correspondence (adelgado @ ib. unam. mx) +adelgado@ib.unam.mx + + + +Author + +Lavin, Matt +Plant Science and Plant Pathology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, USA + + + +Author + +Snak, Cristiane +Departamento de Engenharia de Pesca e Ci ^ encias Biologicas, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Rua Cel. Fernandes Martins 270, Progresso, 88790 - 000, Laguna, Santa Catarina, Brazil + + + +Author + +Lewis, Gwilym P. +Accelerated Taxonomy Department, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW 9 3 AB, UK + +text + + +Systematic Botany + + +2022 + +Basel, Switzerland + + +2022-03-21 + + +47 + + +1 + + +97 +124 + + + + +https://doi.org/10.1600/036364422x16442668423428 + +journal article +10.1600/036364422X16442668423428 +1548-2324 +15467009 + + + + +6. + + +VIGNA +SCHOTTII +(Benth.) A. Delgado & Verdc. + +, in +American Journal of Botany 98(10): 1711 (2011) + +. + + + + + + +Phaseolus schottii +Benth., Comm. Legum. Gen. + +: 75 (1837) + +. + + + + +TYPE: + +BRAZIL +. +ad Tejuco +. + +Schott + +s.n. ( +holotype +: +W + +!; + +isotype +: +NY +! + +). non + +P +. +schottii +Benth. +sensu +Hassler + +in part +, +Candollea 1: 463. 1923 +; non + + +P. schottii +var. +longifolius +(Benth.) Hassl., Candollea + +1: 463. 1923 + +; non + + +P. schottii +var. +longifolius +forma +intermedius +Hassl., Candollea + +1: 463. 1923 + +; non + + +P. schottii +var. +longifolius +forma +grandiflorus +Hassl., Candollea + +1: 464. 1923 + +; non + + +P. schottii +var. +campestris +Hassl., Candollea + +1: 464. 1923 + +; non + + +P. schottii +var. +campestris +forma +braziliensis +Hassl., Candollea + +1: 464. 1923 + +; non + + +P. schottii +var. +campestris +forma guyanensis Hassl., Candollea + +1: 464. 1923 + +; non + + +P. schottii +var. +campestris +forma +transiens +Hassl., Candollea + +1: 464. 1923 + +; non + + +P. schottii +var. +tucumanensis +Hassl., Candollea + +1: 464. 1923 + +. (See notes). + + + + + + +Phaseolus ovatus +Benth., Comm. Legum. Gen. + +: 75 (1837) + +. +Syntypes +. +BRAZIL +. “In campis et pascuis ad Para” +Martius +s.n. (not traced). “Ad Tejuco”, +Schott +s.n. (NY!), +synon. nov. +(See notes). + + + +Phaseolus ovatus +Benth. var. +glabratus +Benth. + +, sensu Chodat & Hassler, Bull. Herb. Boiss. Ser. 2, 4: 909. (1904). + + + + +Phaseolus schottii +var. +genuinus +Hassl., Candollea + +1: 463. 1923 + +. +Syntypes +. +BRAZIL +. +Blanchet 58 +(G!, P! = + +V. trichocarpa + +); +Salzmann +181 (G! = + +V. trichocarpa + +); +PARAGUAY +. +Hassler 1818 +(G, not seen); +Hassler +5892 [5982] (NY!, +US +! = + +V. schottii + +); +Hassler 6465 +(not seen); +Hassler +6743 (G!; NY!; P!; +US +! = + +V. schottii + +); +Rojas 477 +(G, not seen). + + +Phaseolus schottii +var. +genuinus +forma +ovatus +Hassl., Candollea + +1: 463. 1923 + +. +Syntypes +. +BRAZIL +. +Salzmann 183 +(G! +pro parte +; P-3! = + +V. trichocarpa + +); +Blanchet +1159 (G, not seen); +URUGUAY +. +Berro 843 +(G, not seen); +Osten 4671 +(G, not seen); +PARAGUAY +. +Balansa 1548 +(G-3!, P-3! = + +V. longifolia + +); +Hassler 1818a +(G, not seen); +Hassler 6465a +(G, not seen); +Hassler 8470 +(G-3!; K!; NY!; +US +!; W! = + +V. schottii + +); +Hassler 9352 +(G, not seen). Specimens reported to be at G were not found in the collection. This varietal name +genuinus +was found to comprise more than one taxon. + + + + +Perennial (?), trailing and climbing herbaceous vine, up to +1.5 m +, with fibrous roots ca. +50 cm +long, foliage and reproductive parts covered with minute glandular hairs, and yellowish-white, straight hairs. +Stems +slender, fibrous, often with adventitious roots, sparsely to densely pilose or often hirsute, with yellowish or white hairs, ca. +2 mm +long. +Leaves +with stipules lanceolate, distinctly spurred, upper portion 5–10 ˟ ca. +1 mm +, 6-veined; lower portion ca. +2 mm +long, pilose to densely strigose; stipels ovate-lanceolate, +1.5–2 mm +long, subequal in length to petiolules, covered with minute glandular trichomes; petioles +2.4–6 cm +long, hirsute with retrorse hairs, rachis considerably shorter, +5–10 mm +long, with some antrorsely appressed hairs, canaliculate; leaflets ovate to ovate-lanceolate, usually acute at apex, with raised veins below, chartaceous and sparsely to densely sericeous, terminal leaflet 4.2–10 ˟ +2–4 cm +, lateral leaflets 4–7.8 ˟ +1.8–4.2 cm +. +Inflorescences +up to +11 cm +long, peduncles +5–9 cm +long, almost entirely covered with short retrorse hairs, densely strigose distally; rachis +1.5–2 cm +long, with 3–5(–8) swollen, obpyriform nodes, +2.5–3 mm +long, each with 4–6 alternate orifices, flowers clustered distally; primary bracts caducous, secondary bracts ca. +6 mm +long, caducous; bracteoles mostly persistent at anthesis, ca. +6 mm +long, longer than calyx-tube, bracts and bracteoles lanceolate and at base geniculate; pedicels shorter than calyx tube, longer and twisting in fruit, covered with retrorse, straight hairs; calyx campanulate, sparsely strigose at the base, glabrescent distally, tube longer than teeth, ca. +4 mm +long, teeth triangular, subequal, +1–2 mm +long, the adaxial pair broad and emarginate, lateral teeth slightly longer than lower tooth. +Flowers +described as golden yellow, ca. +1.5 cm +long; standard broadly ovate, 1.2–1.4 ˟ +1.4–1.6 cm +, bilobed at apex, with two parallel callosities on the lamina above the point of folding, the left one more prominently developed, and two fleshy auricles above the claw, claw ca. +3 mm +long; wing petals longer than keel, with an obovate lamina, ca. +1.5 cm +long, +8–10 mm +wide, with an auricle at base, claw ca. +2 mm +long; keel beaked, curved through ca. 270, +1.2–1.4 cm +above the wing, with a transverse pocket above the petal claws, the claws ca. +3 mm +long, fused to staminal tube, androecium with staminal tube ca. +2 cm +long, vexillary stamen with a basal appendage; anthers ovate, ca. +0.5 mm +long, basifixed to sub-basifixed to filaments; pollen grains triporate, with a coarsely reticulate exine; ovary straight, with a basal nectary disc less than +1 mm +long, ovules 9 per ovary, style with a tenuous lower part, upper portion thickened, cylindrical, curved, pollen brush +3–4 mm +long, with long-spreading hairs, produced beyond the stigma to form a short hook; stigma transversally-ovate, laterally placed. +Fruit +patent or rarely ascending, oblong, subcylindrical, valves thin-walled, not constricted between the seeds, turning dark brown or black at maturity, densely strigose, with golden yellow, straight hairs, +4–6 cm +long, ca. +6 mm +wide, elastically dehiscent, beak straight, +3 mm +long. +Seeds +(immature) D-shaped, surface smooth, testa brown, hilum oblong, as long as seed width, covered by an epihilum, and with variable aril development. + + +Illustrations +— +Burkart (1987) +, as + +Vigna longifolia + +; +Hoc et al. (1993) +as + +Vigna longifolia + +; +Ferrucci et al. (2002) +as + +Vigna longifolia + +. + + + + +Distribution and Habitat +—This species ranges across the provinces of +Corrientes +, +Entre Rıos +, and Misiones in +Argentina +. In +Paraguay +it occurs mainly in the River +Paraguay +basin, and it is disjunct in El +Beni +, +Bolivia +and in the states of +Espırito Santo +, +Rio de Janeiro +, and possibly ranges south to +Rio Grande do Sul +, in +Brazil +( +Fig. 3 +). The species occurs in woodland margins, along the shores of lakes or temporary ponds and riverbanks, and low swampy grasslands or “pajonal,” below + +200 m +. + +Flowering and fruiting throughout the year. + + + + +Etymology +—Named in honour of H. W. Schott, who collected in +Brazil +. + + + + +Vernacular Name +—“Feij +~ +ao biriba.” + + + + +Representative Specimens Examined +—See Appendix 1 for complete list. + +Argentina +. + +— + +CORRIENTES + +: Depto. Ituzaingo, Isla Apipe Grande, Puerto San Antonio, +8 Dec 1973 +, +A. Krapovickas 23806 +(MO). + +Bolivia +. +— + +EL + +BENI + +: Yacuma Province, unos +60 km +al E de San Borja, +22 Jul 1989 +, +St. G. Beck 16929 +(LPB, MEXU). + +Paraguay +. + +— + +ALTO +PARAGUAY + +: swamp bordering Rıo Tapiracuai, +11 Sep 1957 +, +A. L. Woolston 872 +(K, NY). + + + + +Notes +—Bentham’ s (1837) original description of + +Phaseolus ovatus + +was based on +two specimens +: +in campis et pascuis +ad Para collected by + +Martius +s.n. + +and +ad Tejuco +[Tijuca, +Rıo de Janeiro +] collected by +Schott +s.n., neither of which has been found in any of the herbaria visited or consulted by Bentham. However, there is a specimen at K which has long been considered the type of + +P. ovatus + +. The herbarium sheet has a label that reads Pohl (not Schott) as the collector of this plant in Tejuco, +Brazil +. In addition, there are two comments in pencil, one in Bentham’ s handwriting, in the left bottom corner identifying it as + +P. ovatus + +, and the other by Piper annotating it as, “possibly the type of + +P. ovatus + +”. Regarding the confusing information about Pohl and Schott’ s collections, +Urban (1899) +in +Flora Brasiliensis +pointed out that, “It is a matter for grieving because which specimens Pohl [and] which specimens Schott might have collected cannot always be settled from the sheets of the Vienna herbarium”. Nonetheless, the specimen has spurred stipules, as mentioned in the description of + +Phaseolus schottii + +. Concurrently, +Bentham (1837) +distinguished an unnamed variety of + +P. ovatus + +, the type of which, at M, was identified as + +Vigna luteola +(Jacq.) Benth. + +by +Verdcourt (1970) +. This leaves the description as the only extant original material. In addition, +Bentham (1859) +, in +Flora Brasiliensis +, listed under + +P. ovatus + +seven specimens +, including another variety: + +var. +glabratus + +, the type of which at M is conspecific with what is currently known as + +V. trichocarpa + +. Of the other six, two are the +Martius +and Schott collections cited in the original protologue, as well as the taxon mentioned above as an unnamed variety. Of the remaining three Brazilian specimens cited under + +P. ovatus + +, two: in humidis +Banda Oriental +frequens, +Tweedie +s.n. (K), and in Brasilia meridional, +A. de St. Hilaire +s.n. (P), are plants like + +Phaseolus diffusus + +(= + +Vigna diffusa + +of this treatment) and the third, collected in Rıo Grande do Sul, +Herb. Imp. Br. 1536 +(P), is here treated as + +Vigna schottii + +. Without extant +syntypes +, and the material cited in +Flora Brasiliensis +under + +P. ovatus + +being heterogeneous, different taxonomic interpretations have been given by authors dealing with this species name. We suggest that the name should be abandoned as it seems impossible to establish its identity. + + +Accordingly, the range of + +Vigna schottii + +extends to southern +Brazil +, which is a possibility. In the absence of any other collections from that area, we suspect there may have been a mistake in specimen labelling. + + +Hassler (1923) +included a number of diverse elements within his concept of + +Phaseolus schottii + +, held together by their straight-beaked pods and sparsely hirsute-pilose to glabrescent calyces, characteristics common in +V. +subg. + +Lasiospron + +. Most of the infraspecific taxa described under + +P. schottii + +by Hassler are morphologically heterogeneous and difficult to interpret. + + +As discussed previously, + +Vigna schottii + +and + +V. diffusa + +share some morphological characters although + +V. schottii + +is much more robust, and its leaves are commonly ovate-lanceolate, and its stipules are spurred (while those of + +V. diffusa + +are biauriculate). + +Vigna schottii + +also shares some characteristics with + +V. trichocarpa + +as well; some forms of + +V. schottii + +in central eastern +Brazil +have narrower leaflets similar those of + +V. trichocarpa + +. The fruits of + +V. schottii + +, however, are narrower and longer than those of + +V. trichocarpa + +, in addition to being held pendent on the infructescence. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/FA/87/03FA87F36F2CE5123E4BFA1DB8A2F9A0.xml b/data/03/FA/87/03FA87F36F2CE5123E4BFA1DB8A2F9A0.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..bc83eb0fa32 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/FA/87/03FA87F36F2CE5123E4BFA1DB8A2F9A0.xml @@ -0,0 +1,1163 @@ + + + +Systematics of Vigna subgenus Lasiospron (Leguminosae: Papilionoideae: Phaseolinae) + + + +Author + +Delgado-Salinas, Alfonso +Author for correspondence (adelgado @ ib. unam. mx) +adelgado@ib.unam.mx + + + +Author + +Lavin, Matt +Plant Science and Plant Pathology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, USA + + + +Author + +Snak, Cristiane +Departamento de Engenharia de Pesca e Ci ^ encias Biologicas, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Rua Cel. Fernandes Martins 270, Progresso, 88790 - 000, Laguna, Santa Catarina, Brazil + + + +Author + +Lewis, Gwilym P. +Accelerated Taxonomy Department, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW 9 3 AB, UK + +text + + +Systematic Botany + + +2022 + +Basel, Switzerland + + +2022-03-21 + + +47 + + +1 + + +97 +124 + + + + +https://doi.org/10.1600/036364422x16442668423428 + +journal article +10.1600/036364422X16442668423428 +1548-2324 +15467009 + + + + + +5. + + +VIGNA +TRICHOCARPA +(C. Wright) A. Delgado, Monogr. Syst. Bot. + +Missouri Bot. Gard. 45: 1254 (1993) + +. + + + + + +Phaseolus trichocarpus +C. Wright + +, in F. A. Sauvalle, An. Acad. Ci. + +Habana +, +Rev. Ci. 5: 337 (1869) + +and in Fl. +Cuba: 30 (1873) +. + + + + +TYPE: + +CUBA +. [ +Pinar del Rıo Province +], “ +en la orilla de las lagunas dentro del agua. Vuelta Abajo +”, no date, + +C. Wright + +s.n. ( +holotype +: +GH +! + +; + +isotypes +: +BM +!, G-2!, K-3! + +, + +MO +! + +, + +NY- +3! + +, + +P +! + +, + +US +! + +, + +WU +! + +). (See notes). +Figure 9 +. + + + + + + +Phaseolus ovatus +Benth. var. +glabratus +Benth. + +, in Mart. +Flora Brazil. 15(1): 188 (1859) +. TYPE: +BRAZIL +. “prope Bahiam, in humidis cum forma pilosa”, + +W. +D. Salzmann + +s.n. ( +holotype +: M, not seen; +isotypes +: K!, MO!, RBGE!). non sensu Chodat & Hassler, Bull. Herb. Boiss. Ser. 2, 4: 909. (1904). + + + + +Phaseolus schottii +var. +campestris +forma +transiens +Hassl., Candollea + +1: 464. 1923 + +. TYPE: +BRAZIL +. +Bahia +in pratis humedis, + +W. +D. Salzmann + +s.n. ( +holotype +: G-DEL, not seen; +isotypes +: K!, MO!, RBGE!), +synon. nov. +(See notes). + + + + + +Phaseolus lanceolatus +Bello, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. + +10: 262 (1881) + +. TYPE: +PUERTO RICO +. +Without +locality, +Bello +s.n. ( +holotype +: B, destroyed). +Neotype +designated by Santiago-Valentın et al. Taxon 64: 333, 2015: Puerto Rico, Pueblo Viejo, + +19 July 1914 + +, + +J.A. Stevenson + +2097 [NY, barcode 01007063]. + + + + + +Phaseolus schottii +var. +campestris +forma +guyanensis +Hassl., Candollea + +1: 464. 1923 + +. +TYPE +: +FRENCH GUIANA +. Without locality, +Poiteau +s.n. (G, not seen) +synon. nov. +(See notes). + + + + +Phaseolus productus +Ducke, Arch. Jard. Bot. + +Rıo de Janeiro +4: 99 (1925) + +. TYPE: [ +BRAZIL +. Para State], “in campis inundatis Jutahy inter Almeirim et Prainha inter frutices ad ripam fluminis”, +16 Apr 1923 +, +Ducke +s.n. ( +lectotype +: RB!, No. 17.285, designated here). + + + + +Vigna paludosa +Milne-Redh., Kew + +Bulletin 2: 27 (1947) + +. TYPE: +SIERRA LEONE +. Rokupr, common among grass in swamps, +29 Jan 1935 +, +Deighton +2953 ( +holotype +: K!). + + + + +Perennials or annuals (?), scrambling or climbing vines up to +3 m +, with foliage and reproductive parts covered with minute glandular hairs, and sparse or dense pubescence. +Stems +hollow, slightly woody at base, often with adventitious roots, sparsely to densely strigose, with yellow, retrorse hairs. +Leaves +with stipules ovate to narrowly-lanceolate, spurred, upper portion 8–12 ˟ +1–2 mm +, 5–6-veined, not reflexed, persistent; lower portion +3–4 mm +long, sparsely pilose; stipels oblong or triangular, ca. +1.5 mm +long, subequal in length to petiolules, glabrous except for minute glandular trichomes; petioles +3.5–8 cm +long, covered with retrorse hairs, rachis considerably shorter, ca. +1 cm +long, with some antrorsely appressed hairs on the adaxial side, canaliculate; leaflets entire, ovate, narrowly ovate, to lanceolate, acute or acuminate at apex, with raised veins below, membranaceous; sparsely to densely strigose, terminal leaflet 3.5–11 ˟ +1.5–3 cm +, lateral leaflets 7–9 ˟ +2–3.5 cm +. +Inflorescences +up to +22 cm +long, peduncles +16–20 cm +long, covered with short retrorse hairs, densely strigose distally; rachis +1.5–2 cm +long, with 1–4(–5) nodes, the nodes oblong, spatuliform, +2–3 mm +long, orifice distribution scalariform, with transverse separations, flowers clustered distally; primary bracts, caducous, secondary bracts ca. +6 mm +long, caducous; bracteoles mostly persistent at anthesis, +5–8 mm +long, longer than calyx tube; pedicels shorter than calyx tube, +1–2 mm +long, longer and twisting in fruit, covered distally with retrorse, straight hairs; +c +alyx campanulate, sparsely strigose at the base, glabrous distally, 1.5–2 ˟ ca. +2 mm +, upper teeth slightly divided, narrow and acute, not forming a lip, teeth triangular, subequal, +0.5 mm +long, lower tooth slightly longer than lateral teeth. +Flowers +golden yellow, +8–12 mm +long, standard petal asymmetric, broadly ovate, ca. 10 ˟ ca. +10 mm +, bilobed at apex, with two parallel callosities on the lamina above the point of folding, and two fleshy auricles above a short claw; wing petals longer than keel, with an obovate lamina, ca. +1.2 cm +long, +5–6 mm +wide, with an auricle at base, claw ca. +1.5 mm +long; keel distinctly beaked, coiled through ca. 360, almost forming a complete circle; ca. +7 mm +above the wing, with transverse pockets above claws, the claws ca. +2 mm +long, fused to the staminal tube; androecium ca. +1.5 cm +long, vexillary stamen with a basal appendage; anthers oblong-ovate, ca. +1 mm +long, basifixed to sub-basifixed to filaments; pollen grains triporate, with a coarsely reticulate exine; ovary straight, with a basal nectary disc ca. +0.5 mm +long, ovules 7–8 per ovary, style with a tenuous lower part, upper portion thickened, cylindrical, curved, pollen brush +2–3 mm +long, with long spreading hairs, produced beyond the stigma to form a conical appendage; stigma transversally-ovate, sub-apically placed. +Fruit +ascending, oblong, flattened, valves thin-walled, not constricted between the seeds, turning dark brown or black at maturity, sparsely strigose, with yellow, straight hairs, (3–) +3.5–4 cm +long, 6–7(–8) mm wide, beak +2 mm +long, straight, elastically dehiscent. +Seeds +D- shaped, 2–3.5 ˟ +3–4 mm +, surface smooth, testa light to dark brown, hilum oblong, as long as seed width, rim-aril distinctly raised, covered by an epihilum, lacking a cartilaginous aril. Seedlings with hypogeal germination, eophylls without stipules. +Figure 9 +. + + +Illustrations +— +Berhaut (1976) +as + +Vigna paludosa +Milne-Redh. +Maxted et al. (2004) + +and +Acevedo-Rodrıguez (2003) +as + +Vigna longifolia + +. + + + + +Distribution and Habitat +—Southern Mexico to +Brazil +, including the Greater Antilles, and likely native in west Africa ( +Fig. 3 +). In general, in seasonal or permanently flooded plains or marshy environments, sometimes reported in coastal vegetation and sprawling in floating plant islands in rivers and lakes of South America, or growing in old rice fields; altitude + +0 to +300 m + +. Flowering and fruiting have been recorded throughout the year, except in June. In South America, in the Solim oes +~ +and Amazon River basins and northern Restinga Atlantic Forest and in the Paraguay-Parana fluvial system and the southern Restinga Atlantic Forest. + + + + +Etymology +—The specific epithet refers to the plant’ s hairy fruits +( +Trichos +hairs and +Carpos +fruit). + + + + +Vernacular Names +—“Feij +~ +aozinho amarelo” ( +Brazil +). “Habichuela cimarrona” ( +Puerto Rico +). + + + + +Representative Specimens Examined +— +See Appendix +1 for complete list. + +Belize +. + +— + +STANN +CREEK +DISTRICT + +: ca. one mile, +WSW of Hopkins +, + +17 Apr 1976 + +, + +G. R. Proctor +35795 + +( +IJ +, +MO +). + +Bolivia +. + +— + +SANTA +CRUZ + +: +Velasco Province +, +Reserva Ecologica El Refugio +, 14 45 +' +47 +'' +S, 61 52 +' +51 +'' +W, + +100 m + +, + +15 Oct 1994 + +, + +T. J. Killeen +6839 + +( +MEXU +). + +Brazil +. +— + + +AMAZONAS + +: District Careiro, Lago Redondo, + +3 Jan 1964 + +, + +G. Marlier +14375 + +( +US +). + +Colombia +. + +— + +CHOCÓ + +: +Rıo Atrato +, 2–5 hr below +Rıo Sucio +, above Loma Teguerre, + +16 May 1967 + +, + +J. A. Duke +10988 + +( +MO +, +NY +). + +Costa Rica +. + +— + +CARTAGO + +: +Instituto Interamericano de Ciencias Agrıcolas +, + +609 m + +, + +1 Feb 1959 + +, + +A. T. Semple +1 + +( +US +). + +Dominican Republic +. + +— + +SAMANÁ + +: +Sanchez District +, seccion +La Majagua +, +Yaqueson +(Jackson), entre cano +~ +La Bestia +y cano +~ +Punta Arena +, 19 16 +' +0 +'' +N, 69 31 +' +60 +'' +W, + +30 Mar 1996 + +, + +B. Peguero +134 + +( +MEXU +). + +French Guiana +. + +10 km +west of +Mana +, +Savane de Criques Jacques +, near +St. Laurent +, + +19 Dec 1954 + +, + +R. S. Cowan +38884 + +( +NY +, +US +); +St. Laurent do Maroni +, + +24 Feb 1914 + +, + +R. Benoist +75 + +(P). + +Guatemala +. + +— + +PETÉN + +: +Lake Zotz +, + +18 May 1933 + +, + +C. L. Lundell +3299 + +( +MICH +). + +Guyana +. + +Siparuni-Potaro Region +, +Essequibo R. +, near +Iwokrama Rainforest Reserve +, 4 + +16 +' +60”N + +, 58 30 +' +0 +'' +W, + +65 m + +, + +20 Mar 1996 + +, + +D. Clarke +1356 + +( +NY +). + +Honduras +. + +— + +CORTÉS + +: +Agua Azul +tract +No. B. North +shore of +Lake Yojoa +near the canyon, + +16 Aug 1951 + +, + +P. Kamb +2092 + +( +BM +). + +Jamaica +. + +— + +SLIPE +DISTRICT + +: without locality, + +22 Jul 1973 + +, + +G. R. Proctor +33461 + +( +IJ +). + +Mexico +. + +— + +TABASCO + +: ejido +San Ramon +, campo petrolero +San Ramon +, + +17 Jun 1996 + +, + +G. Ortız +2051 + +( +MEXU +). + +Nicaragua +. + +— + +RÍO +SAN +JUAN + +: delta of +Rıo San Juan +, + +23 Mar 1961 + +, + +G. S. Bunting +829 + +(F, +US +). + +Panama +. + +— + +CANAL +ZONE + +: bridge over inlet of +Limon Bay +, +S of Ft. Sherman +, + +22 Aug 1960 + +, + +J. E. Ebinger +975 + +( +MO +). + +Peru +. + +— + +LORETO + +: +Province Maynas +, +Urco-Cocha +, comunidad +de Vargea +, + +10 Aug 1998 + +, + +A. Zamora +U. 11 + +( +HUT +). + +Puerto Rico +. + +Guaynabo +, + +3 Jul 1924 + +, + +H. H. Whetzel +1 + +( +BH +); +Pueblo Viejo +, no date, + +J. A. Stevenson +2097 + +( +NY +). + +Suriname +. + +— + +COMMEWIJNE +DISTRICT + +: +Charlottenburg +, no date + +Wullschlaegel + +s.n. ( +W +). + +Senegal +. + +— +REGIONE +DE + +SÉDHIOU + +: + +Ile du Diable + +, +Silinki +, +Sorange +, + +Forest +de Bondie + +, + +2 Mar 1964 + +, + +R. P. Berhaut +7165 + +(M-2). + +Sierra Leone +. + +Madina (Buya-Romende), + +11 Aug 1953 + + +H. D. Jordan +907 + +(K). + + + + +Notes +— +Howard (1988) +, using the sparse information available for Wright’ s collections in +Cuba +, listed among nine collections of + +Phaseolus + +, two collections named as + +P. trichocarpus +: C. Wright + +s.n., and +C. Wright 2341 +. The latter was collected in San Mateo ( +Pinar del Rıo +), whereas the former lacking a collection number was given no exact collection locality. Furthermore, Howard considered as the +holotype +the specimen at GH of +Wright 2341 +, although Wright’ s protologue mentions a plant listed by Grisebach as + +P. ovatus + +non Benth., “growing in the water, next to the shore of the lagoons in Vuelta Abajo.” Vuelta Abajo is also located in the Cuban province of +Pinar del Rıo +, and was several times visited by Wright in 1862 (21, 22 July, 4 August, 4 November). +Delgado-Salinas (1993) +transferred + +Phaseolus trichocarpus +C. Wright + +to + +Vigna + +, and designated as +lectotype +the same collection +C. Wright 2341 +, pointing out that the +holotype +might possibly be found in HAB. Numerous duplicates of +C. Wright 2341 +as well of +C. Wright +s.n. were distributed to different herbaria (BM, G-2, K-3, MO, NY-3, P, +US +, WU). In some herbaria (e.g. MO), both collections were mounted on the same sheet. The specimen at +US +even has a different collection locality: La Habana, Playa Santa Ana, with the collection year given +as 1860 +, whereas duplicates at NY, +US +, and WU show 1865 as the year of collection. + + + +FIG +. 9. Illustration of + +Vigna trichocarpa + +. A. Habit, natural size. A1. Portion of petiole. A2. Portion of stem. A3. Leaf showing narrow leaflets. B. Stipules (˟ 3). C. Variation in leaflet shape outlines (˟ 1). D. Extrafloral nectaries on inflorescence node (˟ 6). E. Flower bud, including bracteoles (˟ 3). F. Calyx opened out, external surface (˟ 6). G. Standard petal outer surface (˟ 3). H. Wing petal (˟ 6). H1. Wing petal from bud (˟ 3). I. Keel petals (˟ 6). J. Staminal tube with free stamen (˟ 6). K. Gynoecium (˟ 6). L. Fruits, natural size. M. Seed, hilar view (˟ 9). Drawn from +Jansen Jacobs 4681 +(habit and flower); +Berg et al. 19796 +(fruit and seed); +Prance et al. 8048 +; +Berg et al. 19796 +; +Glaziou 9392 +(leaflet outlines). Illustration by Pat Halliday. + + + +Bello’ s type material of + +Phaseolus lanceolatus + +is no longer extant at B. With no original material, Bello’ s description, particularly of the stipules and the collecting locality ( +Puerto Rico +), leaves little doubt as to the plant’ s identity. A +neotype +was designated by +Santiago-Valentın et al. (2015) +. + + +As mentioned earlier, we did not locate the type specimen of + +P. schottii +var. +campestris +forma +guyanensis + +and, therefore, we have accepted Amshoff’ s (1939) taxonomic decision in placing it under + +Phaseolus trichocarpus + +(= + +Vigna trichocarpa + +). Regarding the + +forma +transiens + +of Hassler, Salzmann’ s collection from Bahia, +Brazil +“in humidis” with Bentham’ s handwriting on the specimen was designated as +lectotype +. It is important to mention that different collections of + +Phaseolus + +were made by Salzmann in +Bahia +and those have been considered in different publications under different names: +Bahia +in humidis “ + +Phaseolus luteus +, + +” 1831, +Salzmann +s.n. (RBGE); +Bahia +, in collibus humidis, + +Phaseolus luteus, Salzmann + +s.n. (MO), and also +Bahia +in humidis, 1830, +Salzmann 181 +(G); a mixed collection at G of +Salzmann 182 +/ +Salzmann 183 +(MO), are all here identified as + +Vigna trichocarpa + +. In addition, +Bahia +“ +hirsutis, +” +Salzmann +s.n. (P), and +Bahia +“ + +Phaseolus luteus +” Salzm. + +, foliis hirsutis, +Salzmann +s.n. (P) are also assignable to + +Vigna trichocarpa + +, and it is possible that at least some of these specimens (especially those without a number) are from the same gathering. + + + +Vigna trichocarpa + +is by far the most widely distributed and morphologically distinctive species of the subgenus, especially in fruit. The ascending fruits that parallel the inflorescence axis characterize + +V. trichocarpa + +. In addition, the seeds of + +V. trichocarpa + +hang from longer funicles relative to the shorter funicles of other species of +V. +subg. + +Lasiospron + +. The stipules of + +Vigna trichocarpa + +are distinctive in having the lower portion forming a spur with entire margins. Such a stipule is found otherwise among +V. +subg. + +Lasiospron + +species in + +V. schottii + +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/FA/87/03FA87F36F2FE5153DEBFB57BE7EFA10.xml b/data/03/FA/87/03FA87F36F2FE5153DEBFB57BE7EFA10.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..935b236bfb6 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/FA/87/03FA87F36F2FE5153DEBFB57BE7EFA10.xml @@ -0,0 +1,1130 @@ + + + +Systematics of Vigna subgenus Lasiospron (Leguminosae: Papilionoideae: Phaseolinae) + + + +Author + +Delgado-Salinas, Alfonso +Author for correspondence (adelgado @ ib. unam. mx) +adelgado@ib.unam.mx + + + +Author + +Lavin, Matt +Plant Science and Plant Pathology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, USA + + + +Author + +Snak, Cristiane +Departamento de Engenharia de Pesca e Ci ^ encias Biologicas, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Rua Cel. Fernandes Martins 270, Progresso, 88790 - 000, Laguna, Santa Catarina, Brazil + + + +Author + +Lewis, Gwilym P. +Accelerated Taxonomy Department, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW 9 3 AB, UK + +text + + +Systematic Botany + + +2022 + +Basel, Switzerland + + +2022-03-21 + + +47 + + +1 + + +97 +124 + + + + +https://doi.org/10.1600/036364422x16442668423428 + +journal article +10.1600/036364422X16442668423428 +1548-2324 +15467009 + + + + + +4. + + +VIGNA +LASIOCARPA +(Mart. ex Benth.) Verdc. + +, in +Kew Bulletin 24: 539 (1970) + +. + + + + + + + + +Phaseolus lasiocarpus +Mart. ex Benth., Comm. Legum. Gen. + +: 76 (1837) + +. + + + + +TYPE: + +BRAZIL +. “ +ad Ega Amazonum +”, + + +Martius + +s.n + +. ( +lectotype +: +M +!, designated here + +; + +isolectotype +: +M +! + +). + + + + + + +P. pilosus +Kunth var. +lasiocarpus +(Mart. ex Benth.) Hassl., Candollea + +1: 465 (1923) + +. See nomenclatural notes below. + + + +Phaseolus pilosus +Kunth + +, +Nov. Gen. +Sp. 6: 453 (1823). TYPE: [ +COLOMBIA +]. “crescit in arenosis fluminis Magdalenae, prope Morales”, +Humboldt & Bonpland +1542 ( +holotype +: P!; +isotype +: B–W!, annotated as + +P. hirtus + +). + + + + +P. pilosus +Kunth var. +genuinus +Hassl., Candollea + +1: 465 (1923) + +. + + + + +Phaseolus hirsutus +Mart. ex Benth., Comm. Legum. Gen. + +: 76 (1837) + +. TYPE: +BRAZIL +. “in campis provinciae Rio Negro”, +Martius +s. n. [2729] ( +lectotype +: M!, designated here). + + + +Phaseolus balansae +Micheli, Mem. Soc. Phys. Hist. Nat. + +Geneve 28(7): 29, Contr. Flor. +Paraguay +1:29. +Figure 8 +(1883). TYPE: +PARAGUAY +. “cosme inter Villa Rica et +Caaguazu +, in pratis, Mart.”, + +M. Balansa + +1549 ( +holotype +: G; +isotypes +: P-2!). + + + +P. lasiocarpus +var. +balansae +(M. Micheli) Chod. & Hassl. + +, in Bull. Herb. Boiss. 2: 909 (1904). + + + +Phaseolus lasiocarpus +var. +igatimianus +Chod. & Hassl. + +, in Bull. Herb. Boiss. 2: 909 (1904). TYPE: +PARAGUAY +. [ +Canindeyu Department +], “iter ad +Yerbales +montimun +Sierra de Maracayu +, in regione vicini +Igatimı +”, + +Nov 1885 + +, + +E. Hassler + +5535 ( +holotype +: G, not seen; +isotypes +: BM!, F!, MO!, NY!, P!, W!). + + + + + +Phaseolus diversifolius +Pittier, Bol. Tecn. Minist. Agric. + +5: 56 (1944) + +. TYPE: +VENEZUELA +. +Anzoategui +, sabanas de Guaraguara, cerca de Santame, +H. Pittier +14302 ( +holotype +: not traced), non + + +P. diversifolius +Pers., Syn. Pl. + +2(2): 296 (1807) + +. + + + + + + +Perennial scrambling or climbing vine up to +5 m +or more, foliage and reproductive parts covered with long yellow (rarely brown) hairs, and minute glandular hairs intermingled, pubescent or glabrescent. +Stems +herbaceous, fibrous (sturdy), older stems woody, with nitrogen fixing nodules, often with adventitious roots with nodules, sparsely to densely pilose with yellowish-fulvous, straight hairs. +Leaves +with stipules ovate-lanceolate, often apiculate, unequally bilobed, upper portion 4–7 ˟ +1–2 mm +wide, obscurely veined; lower portion ca. +2 mm +long, sometimes adnate to the stem, densely strigose; stipels oblong to triangular, +1–2 mm +long, shorter than petiolules, 2-veined, covered with minute glandular trichomes; petioles +4–6 cm +long, covered with hirsute, retrorse hairs, rachis considerably shorter, +5–10 mm +long, with antrorsely appressed hairs, canaliculate; leaflets entire or lobed, with sinuous margins, oblong to ovate or widely ovate, sometimes rhombic or linear-lanceolate, usually obtuse or acute or even acuminate at apex, often with raised veins below, chartaceous, densely strigose to softly pilose on both surfaces, usually more densely so beneath; terminal leaflet 4–11.5 ˟ +2.5–5 cm +, lateral leaflets 3–9.5 ˟ +2–4.5 cm +. +Inflorescences +10–50 cm +long, peduncles up to +45 cm +long, covered with straight, retrorse hairs, densely strigose distally; rachis +3–5 cm +long, with (3–)5–8(–9) swollen nodes, these oblong, +2–4 mm +long, with ca. 10 secretory orifices in two parallel rows, flowers clustered distally; primary bracts caducous, secondary bracts lanceolate, +8–10 mm +long, caducous; bracteoles mostly persistent at anthesis, lanceolate, +6–15 mm +long; pedicels shorter than calyx tube, +3–5 mm +long, longer and twisting in fruit, covered with retrorse, straight hairs, antrorse at base of calyx; calyx campanulate, densely hirsute-strigose, tube longer than teeth, 5.5–10 ˟ +3.5–8 mm +, upper teeth deeply divided and broadly rounded at apex forming a lip; 5–6 ˟ +5–6 mm +, sinuses +3 mm +, lower lip with lateral teeth oblong and rounded, 5–6 ˟ +2–3 mm +, and with the middle lower tooth 4–5 ˟ +2 mm +. +Flowers +golden yellow, (1.8–) +2.5–3.5 cm +long, standard petal asymmetric, broadly ovate, 2.5–3 ˟ +2.7–3 cm +, bilobed at apex, two parallel, thick callosities on the lamina above the point of folding, and two fleshy auricles above a short claw; wing petals longer than keel, with an obovate lamina, 2.5–3.5 ˟ ca. +1.5 cm +, with a prominent auricle at base, ca. +2 mm +long, claw ca. +4 mm +long; keel distinctly beaked, curved through 360, forming a complete coil, ca. +3 cm +above the wing, with transverse pockets above the claws, claws +4–5 mm +long, fused to staminal tube; androecium +3.5–4 cm +long, staminal tube ca. +3 cm +long, vexillary stamen with a basal appendage; anthers oblong-ovate, ca. +1 mm +long, basifixed to sub-basifixed to filaments; pollen grains triporate, with a coarsely reticulate exine, interstitium granular; ovary straight, with a basal nectary disk ca. +1 mm +long, ovules 16–18, style with a tenuous lower part, upper portion thickened, cylindrical, curved, pollen brush +7–10 mm +long, with long spreading hairs, produced beyond the stigma to form a short hook; stigma transversally-ovate, laterally placed. +Fruit +patent or rarely ascending, linear-oblong, cylindrical, truncate at the apex, valves coriaceous to woody, turning dark brown or black at maturity, densely pilose with a mixture of white and yellow hairs becoming more brownish at the sutures and base, +6–9 cm +long, +7–11 mm +wide, elastically dehiscent, beak +2–3 mm +long, seeds arranged obliquely. +Seeds +oblong, subglobose, 3–4 ˟ +3–4 mm +, surface smooth, testa brown, hilum oblong, ca. +2 mm +long, covered by an epihilum, rim-aril raised, with a white, excentric hippocrepiform aril consistently present towards the lens. Chromosome number: 2 +n += 20 ( +Marechal 1969 +, as + +P. pilosus +Kunth + +; +Mercado-Ruaro and Delgado-Salinas 1996 +). + + +Illustrations and Photographs +— +Bentham (1859) +as + +Phaseolus lasiocarpus +, + +or in http://floraBrasiliensis.cria.org.br; +Micheli (1883) +as + +Phaseolus balansae + +; +Pittier (1944) +as + +Phaseolus lasiocarpus + +; +Lackey and D’ Arcy (1980) +as + +Vigna lasiocarpa + +; +Lewis and Owen (1989) +photographs of flower and fruit, as + +V. lasiocarpa + +; +Pott and Pott (2000) +photograph of + +V. lasiocarpa + +. + + + + +Distribution and Habitat +—The species occurs in southern +Mexico +( +Campeche +, +Chiapas +, +Oaxaca +, +Tabasco +, +Veracruz +, and +Yucatan +); Central America ( +Belize +, +Costa Rica +, +El Salvador +, +Honduras +, +Nicaragua +, and +Panama +); South America ( +Colombia +, +Venezuela +, +Guyana +, +French Guiana +, +Suriname +, +Bolivia +, +Brazil +, +Ecuador +, +Peru +, +Paraguay +, and +Argentina +) and in +the Dominican +Republic ( +Fig. 3 +). Mainly in seasonal or permanently flooded plains or savannas or swampy grasslands, reported growing in sugar plantation ditches and on bank edges of rice fields; mostly from sea level to ca. +600 m +, but ascending in +Mexico +and +Colombia +to +1200 m +. In South America, in the Solim +~ +oes and Amazon River basins, and in the Paraguay-Parana fluvial system. An ecological study of aquatic macrophyte diversity in the Pantanal Matogrossense National Park found + +Vigna lasiocarpa + +to be one of the most frequent species and distributed among ca. 60% of the 17 sampling sites ( +Pott et al. 2011 +). Flowering and fruiting occur throughout the year. + + + + +Vernacular Names +—“Frijolillo” ( + +H. +Vibrans + +8246), “Feij +~ +aozinho-do-brejo” ( +Pott and Pott 2000 +). + + + + +Etymology +—The species epithet alludes to the hairiness of the fruits ( +Lasio +woolly or hairy and + +Carpus + +fruit). + + + + +Uses +—The species is relished by livestock, and its seeds are eaten by birds ( +Pott and Pott 2000 +). + + + + +Representative Specimens Examined +— +See Appendix +1 for complete list. + +Argentina +. + +— +Corrientes +: +Depto. Santo Tome +, +Estancia Garruchos +, + +14 Feb 1960 + +, + +T +. +M. Pedersen + +5446 ( +RBGE +, +US +). + +Belize +. + +— +STANN +CREEK +DISTRICT +: +Carib Switch +, +Stann Creek-Middlesex Road +, + +13 Jan 1953 + +, + +P. H. Gentle + +7839 ( +MEXU +). + +Bolivia +. +— + +EL +BENI +: +Trinidad +, + +236 m + +, + +O. Braun + +75 ( +US +). + +Brazil +. + +— +ACRE +: +Rio Branco +, +Amazonia +, + +Baixo +Rio Branco + +, + +1 Jan 1948 + +, + +R. de Lemos Froes + +23013 ( +NY +). + +Colombia +. +— + +CAUCA +: east of +Aganche +, + +1200–1500 m + +, + +14 Jul 1922 + +, + +F. +W +. +Pennell + +8328 ( +NY +). + +Costa Rica +. +— + +ALAJUELA +: +Alfaro Ruiz +, +entre Tapezco de Arriba y Tapezco de Abajo +, + +1900 m + +, + +12 Nov 1964 + +, + +A. Jimenez +M. + +1145 ( +NY +). + +Dominican Republic +. +— + +SAN +CRISTÓBAL +: +Station Hatillo +, + +1 Nov 1977 + +, + +A. H. Liogier + +9073 ( +NY +). + +Ecuador +. + +— +GUAYAS +: +Milagro +, + +50 m + +, + +30 Jun 1923 + +, +A. S. Hitchcock +20275 ( +NY +US +). + +El Salvador +. + +— +AHUACHAPÁN +: +A.P. Santa Rita +, ruta 7, + +La Laguna + +, 13 48 +' +0 +'' +N, 90 4 +' +0 +'' +W, + +20 m + +, + +12 Apr 2004 + +, +J. M. Rosales +2355 ( +MEXU +). + +Guyana +. + +Demerara-Mahaica Region +, east coast +Demerara +, +Cane Grove Conservancy +, +Flagstaff +, 6 + +37 +' +60”N + +, 57 55 +' +60 +'' +E, + +19 Feb 1989 + +, +L. J. Gillespie +706 ( +US +). + +Honduras +. + +— +CORTÉS +: en bananales +de La Lima +, + +60 m + +, + +Jun 1977 + +, + +R. H. Stover + +4 ( +MEXU +). + +Mexico +. + +— +CAMPECHE +: Municipio Champoton, Aguada Paraıso, 18 55 +' +60 +'' +N, 90 21 +' +0 +'' +W, + +12 m + +, + +15 Oct 1981 + +, + +C. Chan + +887 ( +XAL +). + +Nicaragua +. + +— +MANAGUA +: +Banco de Germoplasma +, +Hacienda Experimental de la Universidad Centroamericana +, + +15 Nov 1984 + +, + +D. Soza + +247 ( +MO +). + +Panama +. + +— +CHIRIQUÍ +: vicinity of San Felix, +eastern Chiriquı +, + +1 Jan 1912 + +, + +H. Pittier + +5225 ( +US +). + +Paraguay +. + +— +ALTO +PARANÁ +: in regione fluminis Alto Parana, + +1 Oct 1909 + +, + +K. Fiebrig + +6177 ( +BM +, +SI +, +US +). + +Peru +. + +— +LORETO +: Mishuyacu, near Iquitos, + +100 m + +, + +1 Feb 1930 + +, + +C. Klug + +1022 ( +NY +, +US +). + +Suriname +. + +— +DISTRICT +NICKERIE +: Nickerie, + +28 Jun 1951 + +, + +A. T. Semple + +358 ( +US +). + +Venezuela +. + +— + +AMAZONAS + +: at +Cerro Yavita +, +Rıo Atabapo +, +Rıo Orinoco +; + +19 Oct 1950 + +, + +B. Maguire + +29294A ( +NY +). + + + + +Notes +— +Verdcourt (1970) +designated + +Vigna lasiocarpa + +as the type species of +V. +sect. + +Lasiospron + +and, in addition, gave reasons for selecting the species + +Phaseolus lasiocarpus + +opposed to + +P +. +pilosus + +or + +P. hirsutus + +. Unfortunately, no +lectotype +was designated at that time between the two cited +syntypes +under + +P. lasiocarpus + +. Both +syntypes +were studied by us, and the +Martius +collection at M has been designated as +lectotype +. Regarding the original material of + +P. hirsutus + +at M, all +syntypes +were found except the one of Poeppig. The +lectotype +here designated is the +Martius +specimen from +Rio Negro +, which bears a description of this species in Martius’ handwriting. Recently, +Cremers and Hoft (1998) +, following +Grisebach (1860) +, listed + +Dolichos jacquinii +DC. ( +De Candolle 1825 +) + +in synonymy under + +V. lasiocarpa + +; however, no new combination was proposed by those authors. De Candolle published + +Dolichos jacquinii + +for a plant described by +Jacquin (1788) +from the Caribbean jungles under the epithet + +D. lignosus + +L. ( +Linnaeus 1753 +). No type specimen of the binomial has been found at G-DC or at BM-Banks herbarium, and only the species description can be used to interpret the name. Jacquin described a plant with white flowers on peduncles shorter than the leaves, and long straight pods with 18 seeds. Although + +Vigna lasiocarpa + +sometimes has pods containing 18 seeds, its inflorescences always exceed the length of the leaves and the species never has been reported to have white flowers. Thus, from its description + +Dolichos jacquinii + +is not identifiable as + +V. lasiocarpa + +, and the decision here is to exclude this name. + + + +Phaseolus diversifolius +Pittier + +was proposed as a synonym of + +V. lasiocarpa + +by + +Aymard +( +1999) + +. We have not seen Pittier’ s plant and, thus, cannot comment upon its identity. The protologue of + +Phaseolus diversifolius + +is not in Latin and the name has been shown to be a later homonym of + +P. diversifolius +Pers. ( +Persoon 1807 +) + +. Therefore, in accordance with Article 53 of the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants ( +Turland et al. 2018 +), this species was not validly published, and the name is unavailable for use. + + + +Vigna lasiocarpa + +is the most vigorous and conspicuous of all the species of +V. +subg. + +Lasiospron + +. It is most similar in overall morphology to its sister species + +V. longifolia + +. + +Vigna lasiocarpa + +differs from + +V. longifolia + +in being more often pubescent (especially on the leaves), having longer and wider calyces with the upper teeth more deeply divided and broadly rounded at the apex to form a lip, and having longer and thicker fruits. Both species have distinctive arillate seeds. + +Vigna lasiocarpa + +is the only species in the subgenus, up to now, that has been reported as a dysploid. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/FA/87/03FA87F36F31E5163DEBFD04BB39FBAB.xml b/data/03/FA/87/03FA87F36F31E5163DEBFD04BB39FBAB.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..fa899786b9e --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/FA/87/03FA87F36F31E5163DEBFD04BB39FBAB.xml @@ -0,0 +1,716 @@ + + + +Systematics of Vigna subgenus Lasiospron (Leguminosae: Papilionoideae: Phaseolinae) + + + +Author + +Delgado-Salinas, Alfonso +Author for correspondence (adelgado @ ib. unam. mx) +adelgado@ib.unam.mx + + + +Author + +Lavin, Matt +Plant Science and Plant Pathology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, USA + + + +Author + +Snak, Cristiane +Departamento de Engenharia de Pesca e Ci ^ encias Biologicas, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Rua Cel. Fernandes Martins 270, Progresso, 88790 - 000, Laguna, Santa Catarina, Brazil + + + +Author + +Lewis, Gwilym P. +Accelerated Taxonomy Department, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW 9 3 AB, UK + +text + + +Systematic Botany + + +2022 + +Basel, Switzerland + + +2022-03-21 + + +47 + + +1 + + +97 +124 + + + + +https://doi.org/10.1600/036364422x16442668423428 + +journal article +10.1600/036364422X16442668423428 +1548-2324 +15467009 + + + + + +3. + + +VIGNA +LONGIFOLIA +(Benth.) Verdc. + +, in +Kew Bulletin 24: 541 (1970) + +. + + + + + + +Phaseolus longifolius +Benth., Comm. Legum. Gen. + +: 75 (1837) + +. + + + + +TYPE: + +BRAZIL +. “ +ad Brasilia +”, + +Schott + +s.n. ( +holotype +: +W +!) + +. +Figure 8 +. + + + + + + + +Phaseolus schottii +var. +longifolius +f. +intermedius +Hassl., Candollea + +1: 463. 1923 + +. TYPE: +PARAGUAY +. Chaco. +Hassler +2769 (G, not seen); +J€ orgensen +2959 ( +lectotype +: G!, designated here; MO!, +US +! = + +V. longifolia + +) synon. nov. +Syntypes +Rojas +2917 (SI! = + +V. longifolia + +). +ARGENTINA +. +J€ orgensen +2951 (SI! = + +V. longifolia + +). + + + + +Phaseolus schottii +var. +longifolius +f. +grandiflorus +Hassl., Candollea + +1: 464. 1923 + +. TYPE: +PARAGUAY +. “in Paraguaria septentrionales”, 1901–1902, + +E. Hassler + +7320 ( +lectotype +: G!, designated here; +isolectotypes +: BM!, F!, G!, GH!, MO!, NY!), synon. nov. + + + + +Perennial or annual (?), scrambling or climbing vines up to +3 m +, with foliage and reproductive parts covered with minute glandular hairs, and a sparse or dense pubescence. +Stems +rhizomatous, hollow, slightly woody at base, often with adventitious roots, sparsely strigose, with yellow, retrorse hairs less than +1 mm +long. +Leaves +with stipules narrowly-lanceolate, unequally bilobed, upper portion 4–6 ˟ +1–2 mm +, 5–6-veined, not reflexed, persistent; lower portion ca. +2 mm +long, sparsely pilose; stipels oblong or triangular, +1.5–2 mm +long, subequal in length to petiolules, glabrous except for minute glandular trichomes; petioles +4–10 cm +long, covered with retrorse hairs, rachis considerably shorter, +5–20 mm +long, with some antrorsely appressed hairs on the adaxial side, canaliculate; leaflets entire, ovate to narrowly ovate or lanceolate, acute or acuminate at apex, often with raised veins below, membranaceous to chartaceous, sparsely to densely strigose, terminal leaflet 9–15 ˟ +1.3–5.5 cm +, lateral leaflets 7–11 ˟ +2–5.5 cm +. +Inflorescences +up to +35 cm +long, peduncles +14–32 cm +long, covered with short retrorse hairs, densely strigose distally; rachis +1.5–3 cm +long, with 2–4 swollen ovoid nodes, these +2–4 mm +long, with 4–6 alternate orifices, flowers clustered distally; primary bracts, caducous, secondary bracts ca. +6 mm +long, caducous; bracteoles mostly persistent at anthesis, +6–10 mm +long, longer than calyx tube; pedicels shorter than calyx tube, longer and twisting in fruit, covered distally with retrorse, straight hairs; calyx campanulate, sparsely strigose at the base, glabrous distally, 4–5 ˟ +2–3 mm +, upper teeth slightly divided, narrow and acute, not forming a lip, other teeth triangular, subequal, +1.5–2 mm +long, lower tooth slightly longer than lateral teeth. +Flowers +golden yellow, ca. +2.5 cm +long, standard petal asymmetric, broadly ovate, ca. 2 ˟ ca. +2.5 cm +, bilobed at apex, with two parallel, thick callosities on the lamina above the point of folding, and two fleshy auricles above a short claw; wing petals longer than keel, with an obovate lamina, ca. 2.5 ˟ ca. +1.5 cm +, with an auricle at base, claw ca. +3 mm +long; keel distinctly beaked, coiled ca. 360, almost forming a complete circle, ca. +1.5 cm +above the wing, with transverse pockets above the claws, claws ca. +4 mm +long, fused to staminal tube; androecium ca. +3.5 cm +long, staminal tube ca. +2.5 cm +long, vexillary stamen with a basal appendage; anthers oblong-ovate, ca. +1 mm +long, basifixed to sub-basifixed to filaments; pollen grains triporate, with a coarsely reticulate exine; ovary straight, with a basal nectary disc ca. +1 mm +long, ovules 12–14, style with a tenuous lower part, upper part thickened and cylindrical, curved, pollen brush ca. +8 mm +long, with long spreading hairs, produced beyond the stigma to form a short hook; stigma transversally-ovate, laterally placed, surrounded by short cilia. +Fruit +patent, oblong to slightly falcate, sub-cylindrical, valves thick-walled, not constricted between the seeds, turning dark brown or black at maturity, (4–) +6–8 cm +long, +5–6 mm +wide, elastically dehiscent, densely strigose, with yellow and white, straight hairs, beak straight, +5–7 mm +long. +Seeds +globose to D- shaped, ca. 3 ˟ ca. +4 mm +, surface smooth, testa light brown, mottled darker brown, hilum oblong, as long as seed width, rim-aril prominent, covered by an epihilum, aril consistently present, hippocrepiform, cartilaginous with white-banded crenate margins, mostly surrounding the hilum. Chromosome number: 2 +n += 22 ( +Mercado-Ruaro and Delgado-Salinas 1996 +). +Figure 8 +. + + + + +Distribution and Habitat +—Southern Mexico (Campeche, Chiapas, Tabasco, Veracruz), Central America ( +Guatemala +, +El Salvador +, +Costa Rica +, +Panama +) and in South America, Amazon River basin, and Amazonian savannas, Restinga Atlantic Forest and in the Paraguay-Parana fluvial system ( +Argentina +, +Bolivia +, +Brazil +, +Colombia +, +Ecuador +, +Paraguay +, +Peru +, +Venezuela +). Although widely distributed, this species has not to our knowledge been collected in +Guyana +, +French Guiana +, and +Suriname +. + +Vigna longifolia + +, as well as + +V. lasiocarpa + +, have been collected in the Pacific lowlands of +Ecuador +( +Guayas Province +), the most western location for species of +V. +subg. + +Lasiospron + +in South America. This species also has one of the most southern occurrences of a +V. +subg. + +Lasiospron + +species in northeastern +Argentina +( +Fig. 3 +). + +Vigna longifolia + +generally inhabits seasonal or permanently flooded plains or savannah-type grasslands, and is sometimes reported sprawling on floating vegetation. It also grows in old rice fields; altitudinal range from + +0– +600 m + +. Flowering and fruiting throughout the year. + + + + +Etymology +—The species epithet + +longifolia + +refers to the long, narrow leaflets. + + + + +Vernacular Names +—“Baul ch’ o” ( +E. Ucan +1607); “feij +~ +ao bravo” ( + +Melo + +3352); “Siratro de Agua” ( +Lock +83/66). + + + + +Uses +—The species is relished by livestock, and its seeds are eaten by birds ( +Pott and Pott 1994 +). + + + + +Representative Specimens Examined +—See Appendix 1 for complete list. + +Argentina +. + +— + +CHACO +PROVINCE + +: Colonia Benıtez, without date, +A. G. Schulz +10328 (G). + +Bolivia + +. — +EL + +BENI + +: Trinidad, +Jan 1965 +, +O. Braun +11 (US). + +Brazil +. + +— +AMAZONAS +: Alenquer, Margem do Rio Amazonas, +30 May 2014 +, +C. Snak et al. 1216 +(HUEFS). + +Colombia +. + +— +AMAZONAS +: Rıo Lontoyacu, +2 Oct 1946 +, +R. E. Schultes +46–173 (US). + +Costa Rica +. + +Guanacaste Province +, Canton Bagaces P.N. Palo Verde, valle de Tempique, Sector Catalina, La Espuela y el area administrativa de Palo Verde, 10 21'0 +'' +N, 85 21'0 +'' +W, +10 m +, +22 Sep 1994 +, +U. Chavarrıa +1047 (K). + +Ecuador +. +— + + +GUAYAS + +: Estacion Psicıcola Santa Priscila, Est. 3, 2 + +23 +' +0”N + +, + +79 46 +' +W + +, +5 m +, +20 May 2000 +, +X. Cornejo and C. Bonifaz +7049 K). + +El Salvador +. + +— + +AHUACHAPÁN + +: A.P. Santa Rita, ruta 7, La Laguna, 13 48 +' +0 +'' +N, 90 4 +' +0 +'' +W, +20 m +, +12 Apr 2004 +, +J. M. Rosales +2365 (MEXU). + +Guatemala +. + +Depto. +Jutiapa +, potreros between Trapiche Vargas and Asuncion Mita, +500–600 m +, +15 Nov 1939 +, +J. A. Steyermark +31881 (F). + +Mexico +. + +— + +CAMPECHE + +: Hopelchen District, a +2.2 km +al ENE de Chun-Ek, 19 11 +' +42 +'' +N, 89 10 +' +25 +'' +W, +90 m +, +26 Aug 2005 +, +D. Alvarez +11670 (MEXU). + +Panama +. + +— +CANAL +ZONE +: vicinity of Frijoles, +3 Mar 1923 +, +C. V. Piper +5164 (US). + +Paraguay +. + +— +CHACO +: campos bajos estero Estancia Loma Para, +Apr 1917 +, +T. Rojas +2917 (SI). + +Peru +. + +— + +LORETO + +: Lower Rıo Nanay, May-Jun 1929, +Ll. Williams +555 (US). + +Venezuela +. +— + + +APURE + +: Payarita, entre San Fernando y Achaguas, Bajo +Apure +, +12 Aug 1972 +, +M. Ramia +4852 (VEN). + + + + +FIG +. 8. Illustration of + +Vigna longifolia + +. A. Habit, natural size. A1. Portion of stem. A2. Portion of petiole. B. Stipules, only a portion of indumentum shown for clarity (˟ 6). C. Leaflets showing variation in shape (natural size). C1. Detail of vein. D. Extrafloral nectaries on inflorescence node (˟ 6). E. Flower bud (pre-anthesis), including bracteoles, indicated by arrow (˟ 3). F. Calyx opened out, external surface (˟ 3). G. Standard petal, ventral surface (˟ 0.5). G1. Standard petal, external surface (˟ 1). G2. Standard petal inner surface showing thickenings and auricles (˟ 6). H. Wing petal (˟ 3). I. Keel petals, drawn from young flower (˟ 3). J. Staminal tube with free vexillary stamen (˟ 3). K. Gynoecium (˟ 3). L. Fruits, natural size. L1. Twisted pedicel at base of fruit. M. Seed (˟ 6). Drawn from + +Barbosa +& Silva 1927 + +(habit and flower dissection); +Herbarium Lehmannianum 8757 +(fruit and seed). Illustration by Pat Halliday. + + + + +Notes +— +Bentham (1859) +considered + +Phaseolus longifolius + +and + +P. schottii + +as conspecific, placing the latter as a synonym of the former. As mentioned above, +Hassler (1923) +recognised + +P. schottii + +published earlier in Bentham’ s (1837) treatment, and he published four varieties, + +P. schottii +var +genuinus + +, + +P. schottii +var. +campestris + +, + +P. schottii +var. +longifolia + +, and + +P. schottii +var. +tucumanensis + +. In our treatment, the typical variety is discussed under + +Vigna schottii + +, and varieties + +campestris + +and +tucumanensis +under + +V. juruana + +. + + +In more recent classifications ( +Verdcourt 1970 +; +Marechal et al. 1978 +), + +Vigna longifolia + +included three of the six species here considered as part of +V. +subg. + +Lasiospron + +. The species + +V. diffusa + +, + +V. schottii + +and for some time even + +V. trichocarpa + +were considered as synonyms of this distinctive species. + +Vigna longifolia + +is distinguished from the other +V. +subg. + +Lasiospron + +species by a combination of features, including its bi-auriculate stipules with a long, narrowly triangular upper portion, up to +6 mm +long, and lanceolate leaflets, up to +15 cm +long. Its flowers are approximately +2 cm +long, with a conspicuous hooked style tip. The long-tapering pods with thick-walled valves have seeds each with a conspicuous white aril. Seeds with cartilaginous white arils are also consistently present in + +V. lasiocarpa + +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/FA/87/03FA87F36F35E5093DEBFA6DBBFEFC20.xml b/data/03/FA/87/03FA87F36F35E5093DEBFA6DBBFEFC20.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..1e1d0bb4769 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/FA/87/03FA87F36F35E5093DEBFA6DBBFEFC20.xml @@ -0,0 +1,1125 @@ + + + +Systematics of Vigna subgenus Lasiospron (Leguminosae: Papilionoideae: Phaseolinae) + + + +Author + +Delgado-Salinas, Alfonso +Author for correspondence (adelgado @ ib. unam. mx) +adelgado@ib.unam.mx + + + +Author + +Lavin, Matt +Plant Science and Plant Pathology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, USA + + + +Author + +Snak, Cristiane +Departamento de Engenharia de Pesca e Ci ^ encias Biologicas, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Rua Cel. Fernandes Martins 270, Progresso, 88790 - 000, Laguna, Santa Catarina, Brazil + + + +Author + +Lewis, Gwilym P. +Accelerated Taxonomy Department, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW 9 3 AB, UK + +text + + +Systematic Botany + + +2022 + +Basel, Switzerland + + +2022-03-21 + + +47 + + +1 + + +97 +124 + + + + +https://doi.org/10.1600/036364422x16442668423428 + +journal article +10.1600/036364422X16442668423428 +1548-2324 +15467009 + + + + + +1. + + +VIGNA +JURUANA +(Harms) Verdc., Kew + +Bulletin 24: 540 (1970) + +. + + + + + + +Phaseolus juruanus +Harms, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berl. + +7: 506 (1921) + +. + + + + +TYPE: + +BRAZIL +. +Amazonas +, +Jurua miry +, + +Jul 1901 + +, + +E. Ule + +5533 +( +holotype +: +B +, presumably destroyed + +; + +isotypes +: +K +! + +, + +U +! + +). +Figure 7 +. + + + + + + + +Phaseolus campestris sensu +Benth. + +, in + + +Mart., +Flora Brazil. 15(1): 188 (1859) + + +. TYPE: +BRAZIL +. “in Braziliae septentrionalis campis et pascuis ad Para.” +Martius +s.n. ( +lectotype +M!, designated here), +nom. illeg. +, non + + +P. campestris Benth. +, +Comm. Legum. Gen. + +: 77 (1837) + +, non + +Vigna campestris +(Mart. ex Benth.) R.Wilczek + +, in Fl. + +Congo Belge 6: 391 (1954) + +. See nomenclatural notes below. + + + + + +Phaseolus schottii +var. +campestris +forma +brasiliensis +Hassl., Candollea + +1: 464. 1923 + +. TYPE: +BRAZIL +. “Alto Amazonas: ad ostium fluminis Saliman [sic]”, +Spruce +1641 ( +lectotype +: K, herb. Benth., designated here; +isolectotypes +: G, K!, M!), synon. nov., non + + +P. schottii +var. +campestris +forma +guyanensis +Hassl., Candollea + +1: 464. 1923 + +. TYPE: +FRENCH GUIANA +. +Poiteau +s. n. ( +holotype +: G), synon. nov., non + + +P. schottii +var. +campestris +forma +transiens +Hassl., Candollea + +1: 464. 1923 + +. TYPE: +BRAZIL +. +Bahia +in pratis humidis, +Salzmann +s.n. ( +holotype +: G; +isotypes +: K!, MO!). See nomenclatural notes below. + + + + +Phaseolus schottii +Benth. var. +tucumanensis +Hassl., Candollea + +1: 464 (1923) + +. Type: +Argentina +. +Tucuman +, cumbre de Anfama, alt. +2500 m +, +Schreiter 866 +( +holotype +: Herb. Osten, not seen). See nomenclatural notes below. + + + + +Perennials or annuals (?), procumbent or climbing vines up to +3 m +, with foliage and reproductive parts covered with minute glandular hairs, and sparse or dense pubescence. +Stems +hollow, slightly woody at base, often with adventitious roots, sparsely to densely strigose, with yellow to reddish, retrorse hairs. +Leaves +with stipules ovate to narrowly-lanceolate, unequally bilobed, upper portion ca. +3 mm +long, +1–2 mm +wide, 5–6-veined, not reflexed, persistent; lower portion ca. +2 mm +long, sparsely pilose; stipels oblong or triangular, ca. +1 mm +long, subequal in length to petiolules, glabrous except for minute glandular trichomes; petioles +3.5–11 cm +long, covered with retrorse hairs, rachis considerably shorter, ca. +0.5–2.5 cm +long, with some antrorsely appressed hairs on the adaxial side, canaliculate; leaflets entire, ovate to narrowly ovate, or lanceolate, acute at apex, with raised veins below, membranaceous, sparsely to densely strigose, terminal leaflet 4–12 ˟ +1.5–9 cm +, lateral leaflets 4.5–10.5 ˟ +2–7 cm +. +Inflorescences +up to +15 cm +long, peduncles ca. +13.5 cm +long, covered with short retrorse hairs, densely strigose distally; rachis +1.5–2 cm +long, with 5–8(–10) swollen, oblong, +2–3 mm +long nodes, 5–8 orifices alternately distributed, flowers clustered distally; primary bracts caducous, secondary bracts ca. +6 mm +long, caducous; bracteoles mostly persistent at anthesis, ca. +4.5 mm +long, longer than calyx tube; pedicels shorter than calyx tube, +1–1.5 mm +long, longer and twisting in fruit, covered distally with straight, retrorse hairs; calyx campanulate, sparsely strigose at the base, glabrous distally, ca. 2 ˟ ca. +1.5 mm +, upper teeth slightly divided, narrow and acute, not forming a lip, teeth triangular, subequal, +0.5 mm +long, lower tooth slightly longer than lateral teeth. +Flowers +pale greenish yellow, +8–10 mm +long; standard petal asymmetric, broadly ovate, ca. 8 ˟ ca. +8 mm +, bilobed at apex, two parallel callosities on the lamina above the point of folding, two fleshy auricles above a short claw; wing-petals longer than keel, with an obovate lamina, ca. +1 cm +long, +5–6 mm +wide, with an auricle at base, claw ca. +3 mm +long; keel distinctly beaked, twisted through ca. 270, the apex hook-like; ca. +7 mm +above wing petals, with transverse pockets above the claws, claws ca. +2 mm +long, fused to staminal tube; androecium ca. +1 cm +long, vexillary stamen with a basal appendage; anthers oblong-ovate, ca. +1 mm +long, basifixed to sub-basifixed to filaments; pollen grains triporate, with a coarsely reticulate exine; ovary straight, with a basal nectary disc ca. +0.5 mm +long, ovules 8–9 per ovary, style with a tenuous lower part, upper portion thickened, cylindrical, curved, pollen-brush ca. +1 mm +long, with curled hairs; stigma globose, apical. +Fruit +patent, linear-oblong to slightly falcate, flattened, valves thin-walled, not constricted between the seeds, turning dark brown or black at maturity, +4–7 cm +long, +4–7 mm +wide, elastically dehiscent, sparsely strigose, with yellow, straight hairs, beak +1 mm +long, straight. +Seeds +D-shaped, 3.5–6.5 ˟ +3–4 mm +, surface smooth, testa dark brown, mottled lighter brown, hilum oblong, as long as seed width, rim-aril distinctly raised, covered by an epihilum, without aril. +Figure 7 +. + + + +FIG +. 7. Illustration of + +Vigna juruana + +. A. Habit, natural size. A1. Portion of stem. A2. Portion of peduncle. B. Stipules, some indumentum omitted for clarity (˟ 6). C. Leaflet outlines to show variation. C-1. Close-up of trichomes on upper leaflet surface. D. Extrafloral nectaries on inflorescence node (˟ 6). E, E1. Standard petal, ventral (˟ 6) and dorsal view. F1, F2. Wing petals (˟ 6). G, G1. Keel petals (˟ 6), taken from floral buds and flower. H. Staminal tube and vexillary stamen free (˟ 6). I. Gynoecium (˟ 5) and stigma enlarged. J. Fruit, natural size. K. Seed, hilar view (˟ 9). Drawn from +Plowman, Schultes & Tovar 6387 +(habit and dissection); +Henkel et al. 3153 +(stipules); +Steyermark 87773 +(fruit); +Hill 13046 +(seed). Illustration by Pat Halliday. + + + +Illustrations +— +Wilczek (1954) +as + +Vigna campestris + +( +Fig. 7 +). + + + + +Distribution and Habitat +—Southern Mexico (Tabasco), Central America ( +Costa Rica +, +Honduras +, +Panama +), and South America ( +Bolivia +, +Brazil +, +Colombia +, +Ecuador +, +Guyana +, French Guiana, +Suriname +); also including +Trinidad +( +Republic of Trinidad and Tobago +). Likely native in west and central Africa ( +Cameroon +, +Democratic Republic of Congo +, Central Africa Republic, and +Nigeria +; +Fig. 3 +). Seasonal or permanently flooded plains or in riverine forests; in South America, in the Solim +~ +oes +River +and Amazon +River +basin and eastern Restinga Atlantic Forest. Sometimes reported growing on the floodplains of Amazonian black water and clear water rivers (i.e. Igapo, common name “feij +~ +ao do Igapo”), sprawling in floating plant islands or growing in old rice fields; altitudinal range mostly +0–700 m +(collected at +1400–1600 m +in the Peruvian Ucayalli Department). This species grows in habitats similar to + +V. trichocarpa + +and + +V. longifolia + +with which it is sometimes sympatric (e.g. Iquitos, +Peru +). Flowering and fruiting have been registered all year except for June. + + + + +Etymology +—Named after the River Jurua in +Brazil +. + + + + +Vernacular Names +—“Soematalan” ( +Amshoff 1939 +); “feij +~ +ao do Igapo” ( +Froes 21065 +); “frijolillo” ( +Colombia +); “namiata” ( +French Guiana +, Wayapi); “porotillo” ( +Peru +); “kwakwa” ( +Wilczek 1954 +). + + + + +Representative Specimens Examined +—See Appendix 1 for complete list. + +Bolivia +. +— + + +PANDO + +: Manuripi, a lo largo del arroyo Bay, entre el campamento Bay y +La Poza +, + +17 Oct 1989 + +, + +St. G. Beck +19433 + +( +MEXU +). + +Brazil +. +— + + +AMAPA + +: +Rio Araguari +, vicinity Camp 12, +1 10'60”S +, +52 7'60”W +, + +30 Sep 1961 + +, + +J. Murca Pires +51366 + +( +MICH +, +US +). + +Colombia +. +— + +AMAZONAS +: Leticia, +Rıo Amazonas +, + +Isla +de Mocagua + +, frente del Vergel, Lago Resaca, +3 51'0”S +, +70 15'0”W +, + +110–120 m + +, + +3 Oct 1991 + +, + +A. Prieto +92 + +( +MO +). + +Costa Rica +. +— + + +ALAJUELA +PROVINCE + +: +Los Chiles, R. V. S +. Ca no +~ +Negro, cuenca del +Rıo Frıo +, +10 53'18”N +, +84 46'37”W +, + +60 m + +, + +27 Sep 2000 + +, + +L. Acosta +et al.2772 + +(G). +French Guiana. +Cayenne, Saut Nacibo, +4 41'0”N +, +52 59'0”W +, + +20 m + +, + +25 Mar 1994 + +, + +B. Bordenave +892 + +(K). + +Guyana +. + +Essequibo Isl. +- +W +Demerara +, lower +7 km +of +Tiger Creek +; +6 30'0”N +, +58 39'0”E +, + +15 m + +, + +11 Dec 1992 + +, + +T. +W +. Henkel 403 + +( +US +). +Honduras. +— +ATLANTIDA +DEPARTMENT +: +Tela River +near Puerto Sierra, + +3 May 1903 + +, + +P. Wilson +669 + +( +NY +). + +Mexico +. + +— +TABASCO +: a + +300 m + +de la desviacion del +Rıo Gonzalez +, hacia Boca Grande, + +14 Feb 1990 + +, + +M. A. +Maga na ~ A 2255 + +( +MEXU +). +Panama. +— +PANAMÁ +PROVINCE +: +Fort Clayton +, Canal Zone, + +14 Jul 1966 + +, + +J. D. Dwyer +4584 + +( +MEXU +, +MO +). + +PERU +. + +— +HUÁNUCO +DEPARTMENT +: Estacion Experimental Agrıcola, + +701 m + +, + +4 Dec 1945 + +, + +R. J. Seibert +2268 + +(F, +US +). +Suriname. +Lucie Rivier, +2–10 km +below confluence of Cost Rivier, + +225 m + +, + +9 Sep 1963 + +, + +H. S. Irwin +55541 + +( +NY +). +Trinidad. +Nariva Swamp +, +E of Sand Hill +, + +5 Apr 1977 + +, + +C. D. Adams +14246 + +(K). + +Venezuela +. +— + +AMAZONAS +: + +Departamento +Rıo Negro + +, +Rıo Siapa +, near base of +Cerro Aracamuni +, +1 39'0”N +, +65 40'0”W +, + + +4 Nov +1987 + + +, 250 m, + +R. Liesner +22785 + +( +MO +). +Cameroon. +Bipinde +, +Urwaldgebeit +, + +Dec. 1912 + +, + +G. Zenker +4300 + +(M). + +Central African Republic +. + +Left +bank of +Mambere R. +, near +Bania +, + +26 Nov 1965 + +, + +A. J. M. Leeuwenberg +7040 + +(K). +Democratic Republic Of The Congo. +Jangauellei +, ile +Esali II +, + +12 Jul 1988 + +, + +J. Louis +10294 + +(K). + +Nigeria +. + +River +Old Calabar +, 1863, + +G. Mann +2319 + +(K). + + + + +Notes +—In +Martius + +Flora Brasiliensis, +Bentham (1859) + +described + +Phaseolus campestris + +, a name already used ( +Bentham 1837 +) and thus a later homonym and illegitimate under Article 53 of the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants ( +Turland et al. 2018 +) and unavailable for use ( +Verdcourt 1970 +). +Hassler (1923) +, while possibly considering that +Bentham (1837) +listed + +Phaseolus schottii + +before + +V. longifolia + +, published four varieties, + +P. schottii +var. +genuinus + +, + +P. schottii +var. +campestris + +, + +P. schottii +var. +longifolia + +, and + +P. schottii +var. +tucumanensis + +. Under + +P. schottii +var. +campestris +, Hassler + +combined characters diagnostic of different taxa and, in consequence, listed specimens of different taxa under his new combinations. Under + +P. schotti +var. +campestris +forma +brasiliensis + +he cited three collections from +Brazil +: Minas, in silvis ad Salgado [sic.], + +Martius +1680 + +(M!), since identified as + +V. luteola + +(refer to +Verdcourt 1970: 540 +); Alto Amazonas: ad ostium fluminis Saliman [sic], +Spruce 1641 +(G), identified here as + +V. juruana + +; and a collection from +Bahia +by +Salzmann 182 +(G), here identified as + +V. trichocarpa + +. The exact locality of Spruce’ s specimen has been established by consulting the expedition notes in Spruce (1851–1855). He recorded his collection numbered 1641, collected in Solim oes +~ +and Manaquiry, on +June 1851 +, as a + +Phaseolus + +close to + +P. ovatus + +( + +P. ovatus + +aff.). Such information only appears on one of the two sheets of +Spruce 1641 +at K (herb. Benth.), and we have designated this specimen as the +lectotype +of + +P. schottii +var. +campestris + +. +Amshoff (1939) +considered + +P. schottii +var. +campestris +f. +guyanensis +Hassl. + +as a synonym of + +Phaseolus trichocarpus + +. Unfortunately, original material could not be found at P, and the description does not give enough information to elucidate its identity; therefore, we accept Amshoffs judgment here. Concerning the type of + +Phaseolus schottii +var. +campestris +f. +transiens +Hassl. + +, see statements under + +Vigna trichocarpa + +in this treatment. + + + +Vigna juruana + +has the smallest flowers of all + +Vigna +subg. +Lasiospron + +species and has a very distinctive style on its gynoecium. The style has a tenuous lower part, with a thicker, cylindrical, and curved upper portion, which becomes rather slender again towards the stigma. Its pollen brush is short and with unique curled short hairs. In addition, the style has no extension beyond the stigma, a characteristic seen in all other species of +V. +subg. + +Lasiospron + +. + + +We have not seen the +type +of + +Phaseolus schottii +var. +tucumanensis + +, and despite Hassler’ s lengthy description in the taxon protologue it is not obvious where it belongs taxonomically. +Lackey (1983) +placed this variety as a synonym of + +Macroptilium fraternum +(Piper) Lackey. We + +tentatively place + +var. +tucumanensis + +as a nomenclatural synonym under + +Vigna juruana + +. This is because the original description includes floral dimensions that best fit + +Vigna juruana + +(e.g. a small calyx ca. +2.5 cm +long). However, the original description describes the fruits as ca. +2.5 cm +long and +3 mm +wide, and the fruit length is too small for + +V. juruana + +. Regarding the +type +locality, no herbarium specimen has been found with a collection locality in the +Tucuman province +that matches the protologue of + +Phaseolus schottii +var. +tucumanensis + +. Moreover, no +V. +subg. + +Lasiospron + +species, including + +V. juruana + +, is reported from such a high elevation. + +Vigna juruana + +and + +V. lasiocarpa + +are the two +V. +subg. + +Lasiospron + +species with the widest elevational ranges ( +Fig. 4 +) with + +V. juruana + +occurring up to +1028 m +and + +V. lasiocarpa + +up to +1731 m +. The +Tucuman +collection locality and the reported altitude of +2500 m +for + +var. +tucumanensis + +are both exceptional for the subgenus ( +Figs. 3–4 +). + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/FA/87/03FA87F36F3DE50C3E26FB61BE3FFD34.xml b/data/03/FA/87/03FA87F36F3DE50C3E26FB61BE3FFD34.xml index e2e4f42e6dc..65014c8b0d1 100644 --- a/data/03/FA/87/03FA87F36F3DE50C3E26FB61BE3FFD34.xml +++ b/data/03/FA/87/03FA87F36F3DE50C3E26FB61BE3FFD34.xml @@ -1,71 +1,71 @@ - - - -Systematics of Vigna subgenus Lasiospron (Leguminosae: Papilionoideae: Phaseolinae) + + + +Systematics of Vigna subgenus Lasiospron (Leguminosae: Papilionoideae: Phaseolinae) - - -Author + + +Author -Delgado-Salinas, Alfonso -Author for correspondence (adelgado @ ib. unam. mx) -adelgado@ib.unam.mx +Delgado-Salinas, Alfonso +Author for correspondence (adelgado @ ib. unam. mx) +adelgado@ib.unam.mx - - -Author + + +Author -Lavin, Matt -Plant Science and Plant Pathology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, USA +Lavin, Matt +Plant Science and Plant Pathology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, USA - - -Author + + +Author -Snak, Cristiane -Departamento de Engenharia de Pesca e Ci ^ encias Biologicas, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Rua Cel. Fernandes Martins 270, Progresso, 88790 - 000, Laguna, Santa Catarina, Brazil +Snak, Cristiane +Departamento de Engenharia de Pesca e Ci ^ encias Biologicas, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Rua Cel. Fernandes Martins 270, Progresso, 88790 - 000, Laguna, Santa Catarina, Brazil - - -Author + + +Author -Lewis, Gwilym P. -Accelerated Taxonomy Department, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW 9 3 AB, UK +Lewis, Gwilym P. +Accelerated Taxonomy Department, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW 9 3 AB, UK -text - - -Systematic Botany +text + + +Systematic Botany - -2022 - -Basel, Switzerland + +2022 + +Basel, Switzerland - -2022-03-21 + +2022-03-21 - -47 + +47 - -1 + +1 - -97 -124 + +97 +124 - -https://doi.org/10.1600/036364422x16442668423428 + +https://doi.org/10.1600/036364422x16442668423428 -journal article -10.1600/036364422X16442668423428 -1548-2324 -15467009 +journal article +10.1600/036364422X16442668423428 +1548-2324 +15467009 - + @@ -88,7 +88,9 @@ Vigna lasiocarpa (Benth.) Verdc. -, designated by Verdcourt (1970: 539). +, designated by +Verdcourt (1970: 539) +. @@ -110,11 +112,7 @@ section Strophostyles emend. Benth. -, in -Martius -, -Flora Brasiliensis -15(1): 187 (1859). +, in Martius, Flora Brasiliensis 15(1): 187 (1859). @@ -157,7 +155,7 @@ with hypogeal germination. Chromosome number: 2 Etymology — -Bentham (1837) +Bentham (1837) possibly named this group of plants Lasiospron @@ -173,7 +171,7 @@ to emphasize the hairiness of their pods: Taxonomic History —The taxonomy of this group of plants began with -Bentham (1837) +Bentham (1837) , who published five new species in his taxonomic treatment of the genus Phaseolus @@ -217,7 +215,7 @@ Benth. Bentham classified P. pilosus -Kunth (1823) +Kunth (1823) under @@ -230,7 +228,7 @@ his treatment of the genus in Flora Brasiliensis , -Bentham (1859) +Bentham (1859) synonymized @@ -266,9 +264,9 @@ section Lasiospron . -Chodat and Hassler (1904) +Chodat and Hassler (1904) and later -Hassler (1923) +Hassler (1923) , in his treatment of the genus for South America, reduced all published taxa classified under P. section @@ -283,7 +281,9 @@ with four varieties (and six formas) and P. pilosus -with two varieties. Piper (1926) recognized only four species in this group, +with two varieties. +Piper (1926) +recognized only four species in this group, P. hirsutus @@ -299,7 +299,9 @@ with two varieties. Piper (1926) recognized only four species in this group, P. pilosus -. Verdcourt (1970), as part of a taxonomic study of subtribe +. +Verdcourt (1970) +, as part of a taxonomic study of subtribe Phaseolinae for the Flora of Tropical East Africa, which involved delimiting the genus @@ -323,7 +325,7 @@ and recognized only three species, V. longifolia . -Marechal et al. (1978) +Marechal et al. (1978) raised V. section @@ -335,7 +337,7 @@ to the subgenus rank under Vigna and followed Verdcourt’ s species classification. -Lackey (1983) +Lackey (1983) preferred the placement of V. subg. @@ -407,11 +409,13 @@ Mainly herbaceous, hollow or with a spongy pith, angulate (sturdy), becoming lig Vigna lasiocarpa have been reported carrying nitrogen fixing nodules on adventitious roots and on stems, but vascularly attached to the bases of adventitious roots ( -James et al. 2001 +James et al. 2001 ). Vegetative multiplication by stems occurs in plants of Vigna lasiocarpa -(Pott and Pott 2000) +( +Pott and Pott 2000 +) . Climbing direction in @@ -448,7 +452,7 @@ subg. Lasiospron are pseudoracemes, where all secondary branches have been completely reduced and transformed into cushion-like glanduliferous nodes that generally carry two flowers each. These nodes are attached laterally to the inflorescence rachis and have few to ca. 10 vestured secretory orifices or extrafloral nectaries ( -Marazzi et al. 2019 +Marazzi et al. 2019 ). These orifices are distributed sparsely or in close rows ( Fig. 5C–F ). In @@ -465,7 +469,7 @@ are spatuliform, and the orifices are distributed in a scalariform pattern, with Vigna lasiocarpa -, the nodes are elliptical and voluminous, and the orifices are displayed in two rows. In other species of the subgenus, they are subspherical or obpyriform, with the orifi- ces distributed in a sparse-alternate pattern, and no transverse separations are visible. +, the nodes are elliptical and voluminous, and the orifices are displayed in two rows. In other species of the subgenus, they are subspherical or obpyriform, with the orifices distributed in a sparse-alternate pattern, and no transverse separations are visible. @@ -494,13 +498,13 @@ may have a similar vascular supply to that found in Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. ( -Kuo and Pate 1985 +Kuo and Pate 1985 ). These extrafloral nectaries in V. lasiocarpa have been reported to be active during the day even when the plants are fruiting ( -Lewis and Owen 1989 +Lewis and Owen 1989 ) and are often visited by bees of the genus Trigona @@ -511,13 +515,13 @@ have been reported to be active during the day even when the plants are fruiting and by other Hymenoptera ( -Hoc et al. 1993 +Hoc et al. 1993 ) . In Argentina , -Hoc et al. (1993) +Hoc et al. (1993) registered wasps and ants actively sucking nectar from the inflorescence nodes. Ants were observed patrolling the plant displaying deterrent behaviour against other visitors to the plant. Flower . Flower colour varies from yellow to greenish yellow ( @@ -732,7 +736,7 @@ subg. . - + TABLE 1. Comparison of morphological traits of @@ -944,21 +948,21 @@ Pollen grains are characterized by being triporate and with a wide reticulum, as Vigna ( -Marechal et al. 1978 +Marechal et al. 1978 ) . Their shape is suboblate to oblate, with a semi-angular to angular outline as viewed from the polar region ( Fig. 6D–F ). Pores comprise a globular to granulate operculum membrane. Pollen studies have described the interstitium as granular (non-orientated to orientated, and without a foot layer; -Horvat and Stainier 1980 +Horvat and Stainier 1980 ; -Ferguson and Skvarla 1983 +Ferguson and Skvarla 1983 ). However, the interstitium has been reported for Vigna lasiocarpa as columellar ( -Di Stilio 1994 +Di Stilio 1994 ). @@ -987,7 +991,7 @@ in where it is in an apical position ( Fig. 6I ). The stigma bears a whorl of non-receptive, short hairs ( -Drewes and Gamba 2011 +Drewes and Gamba 2011 ). In mature flowers of Vigna lasiocarpa @@ -1025,8 +1029,10 @@ by Xylocopa brasilianorum ( -Hoc et al. 1993 -; Souza et al. 2017, initially reported as +Hoc et al. 1993 +; +Souza et al. 2017 +, initially reported as V. longifolia @@ -1044,8 +1050,10 @@ in the entire metasoma, where the pollen brush slides from the dorsal to the ven spp. ( -Hoc et al. 1993 -; Souza et al. 2017). Label data of +Hoc et al. 1993 +; +Souza et al. 2017 +). Label data of da Silva et al. 2384 (in herb.) mentioned that large bees ( Fig. 6E @@ -1099,7 +1107,7 @@ and seeds tend to be subglobose. In these two species, a white hippocrepiform aril develops at the edge of the hilum ( Fig. 5I ); the other four species have variable or no aril development ( -Table 1 +Table 1 ). Arils are found also in some species of Old World Vigna @@ -1107,7 +1115,9 @@ seeds tend to be subglobose. In these two species, a white hippocrepiform aril d such as in wild plants of Vigna aconitifolia -(Jacq.) Marechal (Takahashi et al. 2016) +(Jacq.) Marechal ( +Takahashi et al. 2016 +) . A comparison of some morphological characters of the species of V. @@ -1116,7 +1126,7 @@ subg. Lasiospron is presented in -Table 1 +Table 1 . @@ -1126,7 +1136,13 @@ is presented in Vigna species -in the Brazilian Pantanal (Pott and Pott 1994, 2000). Waterfowl species that breed in North America and winter in Central and South America and the Antilles, which migrate across the Atlantic to Africa, are potentially able to disperse seeds over long distances (Somenzari et al. 2018). Species with a seed aril could be dispersed by birds and vertebrates. The widest ranging New World species, +in the Brazilian Pantanal ( +Pott and Pott 1994 +, +2000 +). Waterfowl species that breed in North America and winter in Central and South America and the Antilles, which migrate across the Atlantic to Africa, are potentially able to disperse seeds over long distances ( +Somenzari et al. 2018 +). Species with a seed aril could be dispersed by birds and vertebrates. The widest ranging New World species, Vigna lasiocarpa @@ -1151,7 +1167,7 @@ and V. diffusa , have seed with little or no aril development ( -Table 1 +Table 1 ), suggesting the development of cartilaginous arils is not required for long distance trans-oceanic dispersal. @@ -1163,10 +1179,16 @@ subg. Lasiospron species have been reported ( -Marechal 1969 -; Senff et al. 1992, 1995; -Mercado-Ruaro and Delgado-Salinas 1996 -; Schifino-Wittmann 2000). +Marechal 1969 +; +Senff et al. 1992 +, +1995 +; +Mercado-Ruaro and Delgado-Salinas 1996 +; +Schifino-Wittmann 2000 +). Vigna diffusa @@ -1191,9 +1213,9 @@ is a dysploidy species, with a chromosome count of 2 Vigna ( -Goldblatt and Johnson 1979 +Goldblatt and Johnson 1979 ; -Costa et al. 2019 +Costa et al. 2019 ), which is a base chromosome number of n = 11 being most common, and base number of