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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/italianbotanist.11.60474" ID-GBIF-Dataset="8cafbc13-3a7a-4dcb-b937-5ea501e1344f" ID-GBIF-Taxon="180679448" ID-Pensoft-Pub="2531-4033-11-31" ID-Pensoft-UUID="2F16D87A724B59FEB510BD2572C133AD" ModsDocID="2531-4033-11-31" checkinTime="1616610678002" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Costanzo, Luca Giuseppe, Marletta, Giuliana &amp; Alongi, Giuseppina" docDate="2021" docId="4F54184E6D2D56948A7D39D9EA0D98DE" docLanguage="en" docName="ItalBot 11: 31-44" docOrigin="Italian Botanist 11" docPubDate="2021-03-24" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/italianbotanist.11.60474" docTitle="Antithamnion amphigeneum A. Millar" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" id="2F16D87A724B59FEB510BD2572C133AD" lastPageNumber="31" masterDocId="2F16D87A724B59FEB510BD2572C133AD" masterDocTitle="Non-indigenous macroalgal species in coralligenous habitats of the Marine Protected Area Isole Ciclopi (Sicily, Italy)" masterLastPageNumber="44" masterPageNumber="31" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" updateTime="1643435746117" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="180679448" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4F54184E6D2D56948A7D39D9EA0D98DE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4F54184E6D2D56948A7D39D9EA0D98DE" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="31">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2F761A73346A7A8D01DE1BD811BD2D4D" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">Description.</paragraph>
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The collected specimens match with the descriptions of
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1515/botm.1991.34.2.153" author="Verlaque, M" journalOrPublisher="Botanica Marina" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" pagination="153 - 160" refId="B65" refString="Verlaque, M, Seridi, H, 1991. Antithamnion algeriensis nov. sp. (Ceramiaceae, Rhodophyta) from Algeria (Mediterranean Sea). Botanica Marina 34: 153 - 160, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/botm.1991.34.2.153" title="Antithamnion algeriensis nov. sp. (Ceramiaceae, Rhodophyta) from Algeria (Mediterranean Sea)." url="https://doi.org/10.1515/botm.1991.34.2.153" volume="34" year="1991">Verlaque and Seridi (1991)</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="2A33A6BB5B7023C87025B38659AD7743" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1515/botm.1991.34.2.153" author="Verlaque, M" journalOrPublisher="Botanica Marina" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" pagination="153 - 160" refId="B65" refString="Verlaque, M, Seridi, H, 1991. Antithamnion algeriensis nov. sp. (Ceramiaceae, Rhodophyta) from Algeria (Mediterranean Sea). Botanica Marina 34: 153 - 160, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/botm.1991.34.2.153" title="Antithamnion algeriensis nov. sp. (Ceramiaceae, Rhodophyta) from Algeria (Mediterranean Sea)." url="https://doi.org/10.1515/botm.1991.34.2.153" volume="34" year="1991">Verlaque and Seridi (1991)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Cormaci, M" journalOrPublisher="Recent Research Developments in Environmental Biology" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" pagination="153 - 202" refId="B16" refString="Cormaci, M, Furnari, G, Giaccone, G, Serio, D, 2004. Alien macrophytes in the Mediterranean Sea: a review. Recent Research Developments in Environmental Biology 1: 153 - 202" title="Alien macrophytes in the Mediterranean Sea: a review." volume="1" year="2004">Cormaci et al. (2004)</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="EEAAD186820AD5B7BCAE88FE89CB3286" author="Cormaci, M" journalOrPublisher="Recent Research Developments in Environmental Biology" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" pagination="153 - 202" refId="B16" refString="Cormaci, M, Furnari, G, Giaccone, G, Serio, D, 2004. Alien macrophytes in the Mediterranean Sea: a review. Recent Research Developments in Environmental Biology 1: 153 - 202" title="Alien macrophytes in the Mediterranean Sea: a review." volume="1" year="2004">Cormaci et al. (2004)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Rodriguez-Prieto, C" journalOrPublisher="Ediciones Omega, Barcelona" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" refId="B52" refString="Rodriguez-Prieto, C, Ballesteros, E, Boisset, F, Afonso-Carrillo, J, 2013. Guia de las Macroalgas y Fanerogamas Marinas del Mediterraneo Occidental. Ediciones Omega, Barcelona" title="Guia de las Macroalgas y Fanerogamas Marinas del Mediterraneo Occidental." year="2013">
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et al. (2013)
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and
<bibRefCitation author="Verlaque, M" journalOrPublisher="CIESM Publishers, Monaco" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" refId="B67" refString="Verlaque, M, Ruitton, S, Mineur, F, Boudouresque, CF, 2015. CIESM Atlas of Exotic Species in the Mediterranean, Vol. 4 Macrophytes. CIESM Publishers, Monaco" title="CIESM Atlas of Exotic Species in the Mediterranean, Vol. 4 Macrophytes." year="2015">Verlaque et al. (2015)</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="0395598DEDE4F7A544630420443831B9" author="Verlaque, M" journalOrPublisher="CIESM Publishers, Monaco" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" refId="B67" refString="Verlaque, M, Ruitton, S, Mineur, F, Boudouresque, CF, 2015. CIESM Atlas of Exotic Species in the Mediterranean, Vol. 4 Macrophytes. CIESM Publishers, Monaco" title="CIESM Atlas of Exotic Species in the Mediterranean, Vol. 4 Macrophytes." year="2015">Verlaque et al. (2015)</bibRefCitation>
. The thalli are pink-reddish, filamentous and uniseriate, consisting of creeping and erect axes, bearing distichous opposite whorl branches. The whorl branches have an isodiametric basal cell and bear opposite distichous simple or branched branchlets with only abaxial branchlets near the distal portion. As reported by
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1515/botm.1997.40.1-6.329" author="Secilla, A" journalOrPublisher="Botanica Marina" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" pagination="329 - 332" refId="B59" refString="Secilla, A, Gorostiaga, JM, Diez, I, Santolaria, A, 1997. Antithamnion amphigeneum (Ceramiales, Rhodophyta) from the European Atlantic coast. Botanica Marina 40: 329 - 332, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/botm.1997.40.1-6.329" title="Antithamnion amphigeneum (Ceramiales, Rhodophyta) from the European Atlantic coast." url="https://doi.org/10.1515/botm.1997.40.1-6.329" volume="40" year="1997">Secilla et al. (1997)</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="6443DC40C0DF827CCEF1BD99D27AD341" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1515/botm.1997.40.1-6.329" author="Secilla, A" journalOrPublisher="Botanica Marina" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" pagination="329 - 332" refId="B59" refString="Secilla, A, Gorostiaga, JM, Diez, I, Santolaria, A, 1997. Antithamnion amphigeneum (Ceramiales, Rhodophyta) from the European Atlantic coast. Botanica Marina 40: 329 - 332, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/botm.1997.40.1-6.329" title="Antithamnion amphigeneum (Ceramiales, Rhodophyta) from the European Atlantic coast." url="https://doi.org/10.1515/botm.1997.40.1-6.329" volume="40" year="1997">Secilla et al. (1997)</bibRefCitation>
, we noticed in our samples that the apical cells are blunt and sometimes provided with a single hyaline hair (Fig.
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). The lateral indeterminate branches arise replacing a branchlet and with the suppression of the opposite branchlet (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Antithamnion amphigeneum a apical portion of an indefinite axes: the arrowhead shows a terminal hyaline hair b detail of lateral indeterminate branches, which arise by replacing a branchlet and with the suppression of the opposite branchlet (arrow)." figureDoi="10.3897/italianbotanist.11.60474.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/523937" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">2B</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="C8228F2DE5B0A14B464F848391225D35" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Antithamnion amphigeneum a apical portion of an indefinite axes: the arrowhead shows a terminal hyaline hair b detail of lateral indeterminate branches, which arise by replacing a branchlet and with the suppression of the opposite branchlet (arrow)." figureDoi="10.3897/italianbotanist.11.60474.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/523937" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">2B</figureCitation>
). Moreover, in the collected specimens there were abundant gland cells located on the adaxial side of both normal and special branchlets, touching 2-3 cells. We found only sterile specimens.
</paragraph>
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">Figure 2.</emphasis>
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">Antithamnion amphigeneum</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="A28E5D0EE2C68E582648C93E109FD7AD" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">Figure 2.</emphasis>
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">a</emphasis>
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apical portion of an indefinite axes: the arrowhead shows a terminal hyaline hair
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">b</emphasis>
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detail of lateral indeterminate branches, which arise by replacing a branchlet and with the suppression of the opposite branchlet (arrow).
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="31" type="chorology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="31">Chorology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="31">Indo-Pacific.</paragraph>
<subSubSection id="9071E5FC1C09E1FA7991C94F4959F177" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" type="chorology">
<paragraph id="8DD420E1FC5C8AD4A13D1E4E64B85D13" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">Chorology.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B7BC99E2B2A526E0A55360D8FE9A6C11" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">Indo-Pacific.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="31" type="presumed introduction vector">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="31">Presumed introduction vector.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="31">Fouling.</paragraph>
<subSubSection id="F3F803EE4D002DE93D7AC4A174DC5DF1" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" type="presumed introduction vector">
<paragraph id="B9773C28EE726367986B8D937B5BC361" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">Presumed introduction vector.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0C500762367C424A026B9FC3CE6D328D" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">Fouling.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="31" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="31">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="31">
<subSubSection id="806B7CD981C7F60C051CFEDD598B6F29" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" type="remarks">
<paragraph id="F357785723B18054E86ACFB9CE331F22" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6E1CC92C12EE979100743E3D6542A5F8" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">
Hitherto in the Mediterranean, this species has only been reported in the western basin (
<bibRefCitation author="Verlaque, M" journalOrPublisher="CIESM Publishers, Monaco" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" refId="B67" refString="Verlaque, M, Ruitton, S, Mineur, F, Boudouresque, CF, 2015. CIESM Atlas of Exotic Species in the Mediterranean, Vol. 4 Macrophytes. CIESM Publishers, Monaco" title="CIESM Atlas of Exotic Species in the Mediterranean, Vol. 4 Macrophytes." year="2015">Verlaque et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="2825569EE5A1205100A420C3CB462A2E" author="Verlaque, M" journalOrPublisher="CIESM Publishers, Monaco" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" refId="B67" refString="Verlaque, M, Ruitton, S, Mineur, F, Boudouresque, CF, 2015. CIESM Atlas of Exotic Species in the Mediterranean, Vol. 4 Macrophytes. CIESM Publishers, Monaco" title="CIESM Atlas of Exotic Species in the Mediterranean, Vol. 4 Macrophytes." year="2015">Verlaque et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
) and in the Adriatic Sea (
<bibRefCitation author="Macic, V" journalOrPublisher="Acta Adriatica" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" pagination="315 - 320" refId="B39" refString="Macic, V, Ballesteros, E, 2016. First record of the alien alga Antithamnion amphigeneum (Rhodophyta) in the Adriatic Sea. Acta Adriatica 57 (2): 315 - 320" title="First record of the alien alga Antithamnion amphigeneum (Rhodophyta) in the Adriatic Sea." volume="57" year="2016">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Mačić">Macic</normalizedToken>
<bibRefCitation id="F4901DD0637CE04EA079519706951962" author="Macic, V" journalOrPublisher="Acta Adriatica" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" pagination="315 - 320" refId="B39" refString="Macic, V, Ballesteros, E, 2016. First record of the alien alga Antithamnion amphigeneum (Rhodophyta) in the Adriatic Sea. Acta Adriatica 57 (2): 315 - 320" title="First record of the alien alga Antithamnion amphigeneum (Rhodophyta) in the Adriatic Sea." volume="57" year="2016">
<normalizedToken id="9F659BB658F3D6131AAECE3E82BF546B" originalValue="Mačić">Macic</normalizedToken>
and Ballesteros 2016
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). Therefore, the present report represents the first record of
<taxonomicName class="Rhodophyceae" family="Bonnemaisoniaceae" genus="A." higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="A. amphigeneum" order="Bonnemaisoniales" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="species" species="amphigeneum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">A. amphigeneum</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="80E954B8400EF812B3549C1E1618720C" class="Rhodophyceae" family="Bonnemaisoniaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="A. amphigeneum" order="Bonnemaisoniales" pageId="0" pageNumber="31" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="species" species="amphigeneum">
<emphasis id="7B73C02666DF2F6B3A9F7E527C16B8EA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="31">A. amphigeneum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the eastern Mediterranean.
</paragraph>