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<mods:title id="A9FC5D317A7EF001C3A5E6C1F279FBC5">Lythrum netofa (Lythraceae) a new species from a temporary flooded plain of Israel</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="42E4667AA273A995D8631066E5C0927F">Gazaix, Antoine</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="5B90725CAD5CEBDAC7443AC5B6CDDDFD">Mazar, Shmuel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="5AF2EC9AD524CD697293A05D440339A0">Vered, Shir</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="6270FABCD35B76D0368F6C94FB84A0FA">Phytotaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="04996CA7111EE143F8886C8D09742E67">
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<mods:date id="1C58B787B82021190958BE8DF1646E4D">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="0A60A2F81D71B42A05FF3FB713204EA7">2020-03-23</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="3C635C1414696AB1B06B1AA7863CB25B">437</mods:number>
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<treatment id="039587E78D41FFE0FF15FB53FF3CB713" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039587E78D41FFE0FF15FB53FF3CB713" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039587E78D41FFE0FF15FB53FF3CB713" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="49" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
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<subSubSection id="C326657A8D41FFE2FF15FB53FD1BB006" box="[136,764,1265,1290]" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B8336F18D41FFE2FF15FB53FD1BB006" blockId="0.[136,1452,1228,1362]" box="[136,764,1265,1290]" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
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<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D728D41FFE2FF15FB53FDDDB006" ID-CoL="3WVGM" authority="Vered, Mazar & Gazaix" authorityName="Vered, Mazar & Gazaix" authorityYear="2020" box="[136,570,1265,1290]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lythraceae" genus="Lythrum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="netofa" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B948EAE38D41FFE2FF15FB53FED3B005" bold="true" box="[136,308,1265,1289]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Lythrum netofa</emphasis>
|
||||
Vered, Mazar & Gazaix
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
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||||
,
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<emphasis id="B948EAE38D41FFE2FDD8FB51FD71B006" box="[581,662,1267,1290]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27B57988D41FFE2FDD8FB51FD71B006" box="[581,662,1267,1290]" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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||||
<figureCitation id="13072A748D41FFE2FD01FB50FD11B006" box="[668,758,1266,1290]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[136,229,1377,1399]" captionTargetBox="[174,1413,585,1332]" captionTargetId="figure-199@2.[151,1435,566,1350]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Lythrum netofa. (a) Upper (left), intermediate (middle) and lower (right) leaves. (b) Flowers, lateral view. (c) Persistent floral tube in fructification. (d) Flower, longitudinal section. (e) Gynoecium. (f) Inferous ovary, longitudinal section. (g) Capsule. (h) Seeds. (i) Flower. (j) Flower, longitudinal section. (k) Habit. Pictures © Virginie Pons. Drawings © Serge D. Muller." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13875052" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13875052/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Figure 1</figureCitation>
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.
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||||
</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C326657A8D41FFE2FF15FABAFD0DB05D" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8B8336F18D41FFE2FF15FABAFD0DB05D" blockId="0.[136,1452,1228,1362]" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
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TYPE:—
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<materialsCitation id="3B543CAC8D41FFE2FF7FFABAFE53B05D" collectedFrom="temporary flooded fields near a canal" collectingDate="2019-07-08" collectionCode="HUJ" collectorName="Mazar" country="Israel" elevation="150" latitude="32.825" location="Beit - Netofa valley" longLatPrecision="72" longitude="35.378" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Lower Gallilee" typeStatus="holotype">
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<collectingCountry id="F32B76618D41FFE2FF7FFABAFEDEB021" box="[226,313,1304,1325]" name="Israel" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">ISRAEL</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
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||||
<collectingRegion id="49F8F8138D41FFE2FED8FABAFE3CB022" box="[325,475,1304,1326]" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Lower Gallilee</collectingRegion>
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:
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<location id="8EE3602A8D41FFE2FE78FABAFD79B022" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039587E78D41FFE0FF15FB53FF3CB713:8EE3602A8D41FFE2FE78FABAFD79B022" box="[485,670,1304,1326]" country="Israel" latitude="32.825" longLatPrecision="72" longitude="35.378" name="Beit - Netofa valley" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" stateProvince="Lower Gallilee">Beit–Netofa valley</location>
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,
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<collectedFrom id="3820750C8D41FFE2FD34FABAFBFDB022" box="[681,1050,1304,1326]" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">temporary flooded fields near a canal</collectedFrom>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE0850368D41FFE2FBBBFABAFB9BB022" box="[1062,1148,1304,1326]" degrees="32.825" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" precision="55" value="32.825">32.825N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE0850368D41FFE2FB1AFABAFB3DB022" box="[1159,1242,1304,1326]" degrees="35.378" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" precision="55" value="35.378">35.378E</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<quantity id="4CC49B148D41FFE2FB78FABAFAC1B021" box="[1253,1318,1304,1326]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" unit="m" value="150.0">
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<elevation id="0011D1C28D41FFE2FB78FABAFAC1B021" box="[1253,1318,1304,1326]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" unit="m" value="150.0">150 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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,
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<date id="FF8210318D41FFE2FAAFFABAFA40B021" box="[1330,1447,1304,1326]" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" value="2019-07-08">
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<collectingDate id="EFC6E9D98D41FFE2FAAFFABAFA40B021" box="[1330,1447,1304,1326]" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" value="2019-07-08">8 July 2019</collectingDate>
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</date>
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,
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<emphasis id="B948EAE38D41FFE2FF20FA9EFF1BB05D" box="[189,252,1340,1361]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
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<collectorName id="26C953278D41FFE2FF20FA9EFF1BB05D" box="[189,252,1340,1361]" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Mazar</collectorName>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
9 (
|
||||
<typeStatus id="548788538D41FFE2FE86FA9EFE93B05E" box="[283,372,1340,1362]" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ED2DAE348D41FFE2FEE0FA9EFE57B05D" box="[381,432,1340,1361]" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">HUJ</collectionCode>
|
||||
!
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="3B543CAC8D41FFE2FE20FA9EFDCBB05D" box="[445,556,1340,1362]" collectedFrom="temporary flooded fields near a canal" collectingDate="2019-07-08" collectionCode="E" collectorName="Mazar" country="Israel" elevation="150" latitude="32.825" location="Beit - Netofa valley" longLatPrecision="72" longitude="35.378" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Lower Gallilee" typeStatus="isotype">
|
||||
<typeStatus id="548788538D41FFE2FE20FA9EFDE8B05E" box="[445,527,1340,1362]" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" type="isotype">isotypes</typeStatus>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ED2DAE348D41FFE2FD85FA9EFDCBB05D" box="[536,556,1340,1361]" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">E</collectionCode>
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
!,
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="3B543CAC8D41FFE2FDA6FA9EFDB1B05D" box="[571,598,1340,1361]" collectedFrom="temporary flooded fields near a canal" collectingDate="2019-07-08" collectionCode="G" collectorName="Mazar" country="Israel" elevation="150" latitude="32.825" location="Beit - Netofa valley" longLatPrecision="72" longitude="35.378" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Lower Gallilee" typeStatus="isotype">
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ED2DAE348D41FFE2FDA6FA9EFDB5B05D" box="[571,594,1340,1361]" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">G</collectionCode>
|
||||
!
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="3B543CAC8D41FFE2FDFDFA9EFD78B05D" box="[608,671,1340,1361]" collectedFrom="temporary flooded fields near a canal" collectingDate="2019-07-08" collectionCode="MPU" collectorName="Mazar" country="Israel" elevation="150" latitude="32.825" location="Beit - Netofa valley" longLatPrecision="72" longitude="35.378" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Lower Gallilee" typeStatus="isotype">
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ED2DAE348D41FFE2FDFDFA9EFD7CB05D" box="[608,667,1340,1361]" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">MPU</collectionCode>
|
||||
!
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="3B543CAC8D41FFE2FD35FA9EFD07B05D" box="[680,736,1340,1361]" collectedFrom="temporary flooded fields near a canal" collectingDate="2019-07-08" collectionCode="PAL" collectorName="Mazar" country="Israel" elevation="150" latitude="32.825" location="Beit - Netofa valley" longLatPrecision="72" longitude="35.378" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Lower Gallilee" typeStatus="isotype">
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ED2DAE348D41FFE2FD35FA9EFD3BB05D" box="[680,732,1340,1361]" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">PAL</collectionCode>
|
||||
!
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C326657A8D41FFE2FF15FA20FE6AB246" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" type="diagnosis">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B8336F18D41FFE2FF15FA20FE6AB246" blockId="0.[136,1452,1410,2082]" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B948EAE38D41FFE2FF15FA20FF11B096" bold="true" box="[136,246,1410,1434]" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Diagnosis</emphasis>
|
||||
:—The new species is morphologically close to
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D728D41FFE2FD6EFA20FB57B096" authority="Lagasca (1816: 16)" authorityName="Lagasca" authorityPageNumber="16" authorityYear="1816" box="[755,1200,1410,1434]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lythraceae" genus="Lythrum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="acutangulum">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B948EAE38D41FFE2FD6EFA20FC3AB096" box="[755,989,1410,1434]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Lythrum acutangulum</emphasis>
|
||||
Lagasca (1816: 16)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
due to its winged floral tube, but has homostylous flowers (versus heterostylous in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D728D41FFE2FC9AFA05FC48B0B2" authorityName="Lagasca" authorityYear="1816" box="[775,943,1446,1470]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lythraceae" genus="Lythrum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="acutangulum">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B948EAE38D41FFE2FC9AFA05FC48B0B2" box="[775,943,1446,1470]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">L. acutangulum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
) with four petals (vs. six), and a larger capsule (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAD4B008D41FFE2FF12FA68FE12B0EE" author="Castroviejo Bolibar, S. & Aedo, C. & Benedi, C. & Lainz, M. & Munoz Garmendia, F. & Nieto Feliner, G. & Paiva, J." box="[143,501,1482,1506]" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" refId="ref2294" refString="Castroviejo Bolibar, S., Aedo, C., Benedi, C., Lainz, M., Munoz Garmendia, F., Nieto Feliner, G. & Paiva, J. (1997) Flora iberica. Vol. 8. Haloragaceae-Euphorbiaceae. Real Jardin Botanico, Madrid, 435 pp." type="book" year="1997">
|
||||
Castroviejo Bolibar
|
||||
<emphasis id="B948EAE38D41FFE2FEECFA69FE4CB0EE" box="[369,427,1482,1506]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">et al.</emphasis>
|
||||
, 1997
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). For others close species,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D728D41FFE2FCBBFA68FC29B0EE" authorityName="Vered, Mazar & Gazaix" authorityYear="2020" box="[806,974,1482,1506]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lythraceae" genus="Lythrum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="netofa">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B948EAE38D41FFE2FCBBFA68FC29B0EE" box="[806,974,1482,1506]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Lythrum netofa</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
differs from all heterostylous species (e.g.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D728D41FFE2FF15FA4CFEAFB30A" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1753" box="[136,328,1518,1542]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lythraceae" genus="Lythrum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="salicaria">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B948EAE38D41FFE2FF15FA4CFEAFB30A" box="[136,328,1518,1542]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Lythrum salicaria</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
or
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D728D41FFE2FEF1FA4CFD11B30A" authority="Banks ex Solander" authorityName="Solander" box="[364,758,1518,1542]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lythraceae" genus="Lythrum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="junceum">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B948EAE38D41FFE2FEF1FA4CFDC1B30A" box="[364,550,1518,1542]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Lythrum junceum</emphasis>
|
||||
Banks ex Solander
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(in Russel 1794: 253)) by its small flowers with included sexual organs. Within the other species, it differs from
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D728D41FFE2FD15F9B0FCB4B326" box="[648,851,1554,1578]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lythraceae" genus="Lythrum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="silenoides">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B948EAE38D41FFE2FD15F9B0FCB4B326" box="[648,851,1554,1578]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Lythrum silenoides</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
by its teeth number on the floral tube (8 and not 12), its petal number (4 and not 6) and its style length; and from
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D728D41FFE2FD40F994FC40B342" authorityName="M. Bieberstein" authorityYear="1808" box="[733,935,1590,1614]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lythraceae" genus="Lythrum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="thesioides">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B948EAE38D41FFE2FD40F994FC40B342" box="[733,935,1590,1614]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Lythrum thesioides</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
by its higher number of stamens (6–8 and not 4), and ungeminate flowers. Those two last species have been recently discovered from
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F32B76618D41FFE2FB8EF9F8FBA9B37E" box="[1043,1102,1626,1650]" name="Israel" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Israel</collectingCountry>
|
||||
(Mazar, & Oron, 2019). Finally, in 2012, plants observed and reported from the same area in
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F32B76618D41FFE2FC95F9DCFCA1B39A" box="[776,838,1662,1686]" name="Israel" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Israel</collectingCountry>
|
||||
, were misidentified as
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D728D41FFE2FBA4F9DDFA4CB39A" authority="Linnaeus (1753: 447)" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityPageNumber="447" authorityYear="1753" box="[1081,1451,1662,1686]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lythraceae" genus="Lythrum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="thymifolia">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B948EAE38D41FFE2FBA4F9DDFB26B39A" box="[1081,1217,1662,1686]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">L. thymifolia</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAD4B008D41FFE2FB5AF9DCFA4CB39A" author="Linnaeus, C." box="[1223,1451,1662,1686]" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" refId="ref2748" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1753) Species Plantarum. Tomus 1. Impensis Laurentii Salvii, Stockholm, 560 pp." type="book" year="1753">Linnaeus (1753: 447)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAD4B008D41FFE2FF12F900FE3EB3B6" author="Danin, A. & Fragman-Sapir, O." box="[143,473,1698,1722]" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" refId="ref2352" refString="Danin, A. & Fragman-Sapir, O. (2019) Flora of Israel Online, Lythrum thymifolia. Available from: https: // flora. org. il / en / plants / LYTTHY / (accessed 8 August 2019)" type="url" year="2019">Danin & Fragman-Sapir, 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). However, it differs from it by its winged floral tube, its higher number of stamens (6–8 and not 2), and its very high number of seeds per capsule. Seed number per capsule can also easily distinguish it from
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D728D41FFE2FACFF964FEEEB20E" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lythraceae" genus="Lythrum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hyssopifolia">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B948EAE38D41FFE2FACFF964FEEEB20E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Lythrum hyssopifolia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(<30 seeds per capsule),
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D728D41FFE2FD83F949FD98B20E" authorityName="Vered, Mazar & Gazaix" authorityYear="2020" box="[542,639,1770,1794]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lythraceae" genus="Lythrum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="netofa">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B948EAE38D41FFE2FD83F949FD98B20E" box="[542,639,1770,1794]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">L. netofa</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
also differs from
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D728D41FFE2FCA3F949FC3BB20E" box="[830,988,1770,1794]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lythraceae" genus="Lythrum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hyssopifolia">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B948EAE38D41FFE2FCA3F949FC3BB20E" box="[830,988,1770,1794]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">L. hyssopifolia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
by its floral tube (winged and not conical) and by its petal number (4 and not of 6). Detailed comparisons with the three closest species, all of them present in
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F32B76618D41FFE2FAF4F8ACFA40B22A" box="[1385,1447,1806,1830]" name="Israel" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Israel</collectingCountry>
|
||||
, are presented in
|
||||
<tableCitation id="C6BE034A8D41FFE2FEAAF890FE60B246" box="[311,391,1842,1866]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="1.[136,224,375,399]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="TABLE 1. Comparison of morphological characters among L. thymifolia (pers. obs), L. netofa (TYPUS-see above), L. silenoides (Typus (designated by Boissier 1856/ Diagn. Pl. Orient. II):—IRAQ. Bagdad, 1851 (G!); and descriptions of Ghazanfar (2016) and Shishkin & Bobrov (1949)) and L. hyssopifolia (pers. obs)." pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C326657A8D41FFE3FF20F8F4FE74B44B" lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="48" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B8336F18D41FFE2FF20F8F4FBB3B2BA" blockId="0.[136,1452,1410,2082]" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B948EAE38D41FFE2FF20F8F4FEADB262" bold="true" box="[189,330,1878,1902]" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Description:</emphasis>
|
||||
—Annual plant,
|
||||
<quantity id="4CC49B148D41FFE2FD9EF8F4FD84B261" box="[515,611,1878,1902]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" unit="cm" value="17.5" valueMax="30.0" valueMin="5.0">5–30 cm</quantity>
|
||||
high, glabrous, stem quadrangular, slightly winged up to
|
||||
<quantity id="4CC49B148D41FFE2FB78F8F4FADBB261" box="[1253,1340,1878,1902]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
|
||||
, branched mostly at the bottom, sometimes to the middle. Leaves sessile, entire, oblong, broad base, apex acute. Lower leaves opposite (first 6–8), up to
|
||||
<quantity id="4CC49B148D41FFE2FEA3F83CFE6FB2B9" box="[318,392,1950,1974]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" unit="mm" value="30.0">30 mm</quantity>
|
||||
long ×
|
||||
<quantity id="4CC49B148D41FFE2FE46F83CFDFFB2B9" box="[475,536,1950,1974]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" unit="mm" value="8.0">8 mm</quantity>
|
||||
wide, upper leaves alternate, smaller (<
|
||||
<quantity id="4CC49B148D41FFE2FC5EF83CFBEAB2B9" box="[963,1037,1950,1974]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
|
||||
long).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B8336F18D41FFE3FF20F860FE74B44B" blockId="0.[136,1452,1410,2082]" lastBlockId="1.[136,1452,159,327]" lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="48" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
|
||||
Flowers homostylous, solitary, axillary, pedicels up to
|
||||
<quantity id="4CC49B148D41FFE2FC8DF860FCB5B2D5" box="[784,850,1986,2010]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
|
||||
, bracts two, <
|
||||
<quantity id="4CC49B148D41FFE2FC73F860FBC3B2D6" box="[1006,1060,1986,2010]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" unit="mm" value="1.0">1mm</quantity>
|
||||
long. Floral tube
|
||||
<quantity id="4CC49B148D41FFE2FB77F860FAA3B2D5" box="[1258,1348,1986,2010]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" unit="mm" value="6.0" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="5.0">5–7 mm</quantity>
|
||||
long and
|
||||
<quantity id="4CC49B148D41FFE2FF15F844FF14B2F1" box="[136,243,2022,2046]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" unit="mm" value="1.75" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.5">1.5–2 mm</quantity>
|
||||
wide, slightly campanulate, angular, with four prominent wings, ending in subulate teeth
|
||||
<quantity id="4CC49B148D41FFE2FB3BF844FAF7B2F1" box="[1190,1296,2022,2046]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" unit="mm" value="1.25" valueMax="1.5" valueMin="1.0">1–1.5 mm</quantity>
|
||||
long, pointing upwards and to the exterior. Inner teeth between the outer, 4, small. Four petals, pink-violet with darker veins, obovate,
|
||||
<quantity id="4CC49B148D41FFE3FA1EF7A8FF56B5BB" lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="48" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" unit="mm" value="3.5" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="3.0">3–4 mm</quantity>
|
||||
long and
|
||||
<quantity id="4CC49B148D40FFE3FE86FF3DFEBFB5BB" box="[283,344,159,183]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="48" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
|
||||
wide. Stamens six to eight, included in the floral tube and inserted at different positions along it. Ovary elongated, cylindrical,
|
||||
<quantity id="4CC49B148D40FFE3FEE3FF61FE0CB5D7" box="[382,491,195,219]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="48" unit="mm" value="2.25" valueMax="2.5" valueMin="2.0">2–2.5 mm</quantity>
|
||||
long. Style
|
||||
<quantity id="4CC49B148D40FFE3FDF2FF61FD3BB5D7" box="[623,732,195,219]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" metricValueMax="1.7" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="48" unit="mm" value="1.35" valueMax="1.7" valueMin="1.0">1–1.7 mm</quantity>
|
||||
long, shorter than the ovary. Stigma round, inclusive at flowering. Mature capsules cylindrical,
|
||||
<quantity id="4CC49B148D40FFE3FE27FF45FDF6B5F3" box="[442,529,231,255]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="48" unit="mm" value="4.5" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="4.0">4–5 mm</quantity>
|
||||
long, sometimes slightly exceeding the floral tube when mature, carrying dry style and stigma, containing an average of 140 seeds (range: 90 to 170). Seeds about
|
||||
<quantity id="4CC49B148D40FFE3FC2DFEA9FBE5B42F" box="[944,1026,267,291]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="48" unit="mm" value="0.4">0.4 mm</quantity>
|
||||
long and
|
||||
<quantity id="4CC49B148D40FFE3FBF0FEA9FB2CB42F" box="[1133,1227,267,291]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="48" unit="mm" value="0.25">0.25 mm</quantity>
|
||||
wide, attenuate-oval with a pointed extremity.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<caption id="DF4366798D40FFE3FF15FED5FC09B4DB" pageId="1" pageNumber="48" startId="1.[136,224,375,399]" targetBox="[144,1439,494,1524]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="1" targetType="table">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B8336F18D40FFE3FF15FED5FC09B4DB" blockId="1.[136,1452,375,471]" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B948EAE38D40FFE3FF15FED5FF19B483" bold="true" box="[136,254,375,399]" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
|
||||
Comparison of morphological characters among
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D728D40FFE3FCB9FEDAFC48B483" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1753" box="[804,943,375,399]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lythraceae" genus="Lythrum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="1" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="thymifolia">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B948EAE38D40FFE3FCB9FEDAFC48B483" box="[804,943,375,399]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">L. thymifolia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(pers. obs),
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D728D40FFE3FBA3FEDAFB46B483" authorityName="Vered, Mazar & Gazaix" authorityYear="2020" box="[1086,1185,375,399]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lythraceae" genus="Lythrum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="1" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="netofa">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B948EAE38D40FFE3FBA3FEDAFB46B483" box="[1086,1185,375,399]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">L. netofa</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(TYPUS-see above),
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D728D40FFE3FA0BFEDAFF14B4BF" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lythraceae" genus="Lythrum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="1" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="silenoides">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B948EAE38D40FFE3FA0BFEDAFF14B4BF" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">L. silenoides</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Typus (designated by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAD4B008D40FFE3FE65FE39FD6AB4BF" author="Boissier, E." box="[504,653,411,435]" pageId="1" pageNumber="48" refId="ref2270" refString="Boissier, E. (1856) Diagnoses Plantarum Orientalium Novarum. Series II. B. Herrmann, Lipsiae, 125 pp." type="book" year="1856">Boissier 1856</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
/
|
||||
<emphasis id="B948EAE38D40FFE3FD02FE3EFC65B4BF" box="[671,898,411,435]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">Diagn. Pl. Orient. II</emphasis>
|
||||
):—IRAQ. Bagdad, 1851 (G!); and descriptions of
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAD4B008D40FFE3FF15FE1DFEA3B4DB" author="Ghazanfar, S. A." box="[136,324,447,471]" pageId="1" pageNumber="48" refId="ref2501" refString="Ghazanfar, S. A. (2016) Lythraceae. In: Ghazanfar, S. A. & Edmondson, J. R. (Eds.) Flora of Iraq. Vol. 5. Royal Botanical Garden, Kew, pp. 1 - 7." type="book" year="2016">Ghazanfar (2016)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAD4B008D40FFE3FEE4FE1DFD79B4DB" author="Shishkin, B. K. & Bobrov, E. G. & Izdatel'stvo Akademii Nauk SSSR" box="[377,670,447,471]" pageId="1" pageNumber="48" refId="ref3083" refString="Shishkin, B. K. & Bobrov, E. G. (Eds.) (1949) Flora of the U. S. S. R. Volume XV. Izdatel'stvo Akademii Nauk SSSR, Moskova-Leningrad, 565 pp." type="book" year="1949">Shishkin & Bobrov (1949))</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D728D40FFE3FD4EFE62FC97B4DB" box="[723,880,447,471]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lythraceae" genus="Lythrum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="1" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hyssopifolia">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B948EAE38D40FFE3FD4EFE62FC97B4DB" box="[723,880,447,471]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">L. hyssopifolia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(pers. obs).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B8336F18D40FFE3FF0DFE4DFAB6B0F8" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">
|
||||
<table id="F93CC4518D40001DFF0DFE4CFA78B0F8" box="[144,1439,494,1524]" gridcols="5" gridrows="10" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">
|
||||
<tr id="350C34B38D40001DFF0DFE4CFA78B709" box="[144,1439,494,517]" gridrow="0" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">
|
||||
<th id="76DD5DCF8D40001DFF0DFE4CFEDDB709" box="[144,314,494,517]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B948EAE38D40FFE3FF0DFE4DFEE4B709" bold="true" box="[144,259,495,517]" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">Characters</emphasis>
|
||||
</th>
|
||||
<th id="76DD5DCF8D40001DFED2FE4CFDBAB709" box="[335,605,494,517]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D728D40FFE3FED2FE4DFE4EB708" authorityName="Vered, Mazar & Gazaix" authorityYear="2020" box="[335,425,494,516]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lythraceae" genus="Lythrum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="1" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="netofa">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B948EAE38D40FFE3FED2FE4DFE4EB708" bold="true" box="[335,425,494,516]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">L. netofa</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</th>
|
||||
<th id="76DD5DCF8D40001DFDF1FE4CFCB0B709" box="[620,855,494,517]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D728D40FFE3FDF1FE4DFD0BB708" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1753" box="[620,748,494,516]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lythraceae" genus="Lythrum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="1" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="thymifolia">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B948EAE38D40FFE3FDF1FE4DFD0BB708" bold="true" box="[620,748,494,516]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">L. thymifolia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</th>
|
||||
<th id="76DD5DCF8D40001DFC1AFE4CFB6BB709" box="[903,1164,494,517]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D728D40FFE3FC1AFE4DFBE5B708" box="[903,1026,494,516]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lythraceae" genus="Lythrum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="1" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="silenoides">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B948EAE38D40FFE3FC1AFE4DFBE5B708" bold="true" box="[903,1026,494,516]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">L. silenoides</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</th>
|
||||
<th id="76DD5DCF8D40001DFB3FFE4CFA78B709" box="[1186,1439,494,517]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D728D40FFE3FB3FFE4DFAD3B708" authority="Leaves Lanceolate" authorityName="Leaves Lanceolate" box="[1186,1332,494,516]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lythraceae" genus="Lythrum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="1" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hyssopifolia">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B948EAE38D40FFE3FB3FFE4DFAD3B708" bold="true" box="[1186,1332,494,516]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">L. hyssopifolia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</th>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="350C34B38D40001DFF0DFD80FA78B78C" box="[144,1439,546,640]" gridrow="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">
|
||||
<th id="76DD5DCF8D40001DFF0DFD80FEDDB78C" box="[144,314,546,640]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B948EAE38D40FFE3FF0DFDE4FF30B757" bold="true" box="[144,215,582,603]" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">Leaves</emphasis>
|
||||
</th>
|
||||
<td id="76DD5DCF8D40001DFED2FD80FDBAB78C" box="[335,605,546,640]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">Lanceolate, broad at the base, sessile.</td>
|
||||
<td id="76DD5DCF8D40001DFDF1FD80FCB0B78C" box="[620,855,546,640]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">Linear, narrow, almost petiolate.</td>
|
||||
<td id="76DD5DCF8D40001DFC1AFD80FB6BB78C" box="[903,1164,546,640]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">Lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, broad at the base, sessile.</td>
|
||||
<td id="76DD5DCF8D40001DFB3FFD80FA78B78C" box="[1186,1439,546,640]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">Linear to lanceolate, various in broad, slender at the base, sessile.</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="350C34B38D40001DFF0DFD35FA78B7DD" box="[144,1439,663,721]" gridrow="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">
|
||||
<th id="76DD5DCF8D40001DFF0DFD35FEDDB7DD" box="[144,314,663,721]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">Flowers</th>
|
||||
<td id="76DD5DCF8D40001DFED2FD35FDBAB7DD" box="[335,605,663,721]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">solitary</td>
|
||||
<td id="76DD5DCF8D40001DFDF1FD35FCB0B7DD" box="[620,855,663,721]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">solitary</td>
|
||||
<td id="76DD5DCF8D40001DFC1AFD35FB6BB7DD" box="[903,1164,663,721]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">solitary or rarely geminate.</td>
|
||||
<td id="76DD5DCF8D40001DFB3FFD35FA78B7DD" box="[1186,1439,663,721]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">Solitary or rarely geminate.</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="350C34B38D40001DFF0DFD52FA78B60A" box="[144,1439,752,774]" gridrow="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">
|
||||
<th id="76DD5DCF8D40001DFF0DFD52FEDDB60A" box="[144,314,752,774]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">Floral tube length</th>
|
||||
<td id="76DD5DCF8D40001DFED2FD52FDBAB60A" box="[335,605,752,774]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">5–7mm long.</td>
|
||||
<td id="76DD5DCF8D40001DFDF1FD52FCB0B60A" box="[620,855,752,774]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="48"><3–4 mm long.</td>
|
||||
<td id="76DD5DCF8D40001DFC1AFD52FB6BB60A" box="[903,1164,752,774]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">6–7mm long.</td>
|
||||
<td id="76DD5DCF8D40001DFB3FFD52FA78B60A" box="[1186,1439,752,774]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">4–6 mm long.</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="350C34B38D40001DFF0DFC9AFA78B6B6" box="[144,1439,824,954]" gridrow="4" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">
|
||||
<th id="76DD5DCF8D40001DFF0DFC9AFEDDB6B6" box="[144,314,824,954]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">Floral tube shape</th>
|
||||
<td id="76DD5DCF8D40001DFED2FC9AFDBAB6B6" box="[335,605,824,954]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">Elongated, slightly campanulate, 3 times longer than wide, angulated with 4 prominent wings.</td>
|
||||
<td id="76DD5DCF8D40001DFDF1FC9AFCB0B6B6" box="[620,855,824,954]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">Elongated, conical, thin, barely angulated.</td>
|
||||
<td id="76DD5DCF8D40001DFC1AFC9AFB6BB6B6" box="[903,1164,824,954]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">Elongated, slightly campanulate, 4 times longer than wide, 12 prominent veins.</td>
|
||||
<td id="76DD5DCF8D40001DFB3FFC9AFA78B6B6" box="[1186,1439,824,954]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">Elongated, conical, 4 times longer than wide, barely angulated.</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="350C34B38D40001DFF0DFC7FFA78B11B" box="[144,1439,989,1047]" gridrow="5" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">
|
||||
<th id="76DD5DCF8D40001DFF0DFC7FFEDDB11B" box="[144,314,989,1047]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">Stamens</th>
|
||||
<td id="76DD5DCF8D40001DFED2FC7FFDBAB11B" box="[335,605,989,1047]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">(6)7–8 stamens, included.</td>
|
||||
<td id="76DD5DCF8D40001DFDF1FC7FFCB0B11B" box="[620,855,989,1047]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">2 stamens, included.</td>
|
||||
<td id="76DD5DCF8D40001DFC1AFC7FFB6BB11B" box="[903,1164,989,1047]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">6 stamens, slightly exserted.</td>
|
||||
<td id="76DD5DCF8D40001DFB3FFC7FFA78B11B" box="[1186,1439,989,1047]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">6 stamen (variable), included.</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="350C34B38D40001DFF0DFB9FFA78B197" box="[144,1439,1085,1179]" gridrow="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">
|
||||
<th id="76DD5DCF8D40001DFF0DFB9FFEDDB197" box="[144,314,1085,1179]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">Style</th>
|
||||
<td id="76DD5DCF8D40001DFED2FB9FFDBAB197" box="[335,605,1085,1179]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="48"><2 mm long, slighty exserted the tube but not the appendix</td>
|
||||
<td id="76DD5DCF8D40001DFDF1FB9FFCB0B197" box="[620,855,1085,1179]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">Very short (<0.7mm).</td>
|
||||
<td id="76DD5DCF8D40001DFC1AFB9FFB6BB197" box="[903,1164,1085,1179]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">Longer than half of the ovary (> 2 mm), exserted the tube and appendix</td>
|
||||
<td id="76DD5DCF8D40001DFB3FFB9FFA78B197" box="[1186,1439,1085,1179]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">Short (<2mm).</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="350C34B38D40001DFF0DFB6BFA78B00F" box="[144,1439,1225,1283]" gridrow="7" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">
|
||||
<th id="76DD5DCF8D40001DFF0DFB6BFEDDB00F" box="[144,314,1225,1283]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">Petals</th>
|
||||
<td id="76DD5DCF8D40001DFED2FB6BFDBAB00F" box="[335,605,1225,1283]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">4, pink, purple veined (~3mm long)</td>
|
||||
<td id="76DD5DCF8D40001DFDF1FB6BFCB0B00F" box="[620,855,1225,1283]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">4, pink, poorly veined (~1mm long)</td>
|
||||
<td id="76DD5DCF8D40001DFC1AFB6BFB6BB00F" box="[903,1164,1225,1283]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">6, purple (~3.5 mm long)</td>
|
||||
<td id="76DD5DCF8D40001DFB3FFB6BFA78B00F" box="[1186,1439,1225,1283]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">6, purple (2–3 mm long)</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="350C34B38D40001DFF0DFA80FA78B08C" box="[144,1439,1314,1408]" gridrow="8" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">
|
||||
<th id="76DD5DCF8D40001DFF0DFA80FEDDB08C" box="[144,314,1314,1408]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">Seeds</th>
|
||||
<td id="76DD5DCF8D40001DFED2FA80FDBAB08C" box="[335,605,1314,1408]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">Small, <0.5mm long,>100 per capsule</td>
|
||||
<td id="76DD5DCF8D40001DFDF1FA80FCB0B08C" box="[620,855,1314,1408]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">Large,>0.6mm long, <20 per capsule</td>
|
||||
<td id="76DD5DCF8D40001DFC1AFA80FB6BB08C" box="[903,1164,1314,1408]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">Small, <0.6mm long, Unknown number per capsule</td>
|
||||
<td id="76DD5DCF8D40001DFB3FFA80FA78B08C" box="[1186,1439,1314,1408]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">Large,>0.6mm long, ~20 to 40 per capsule</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="350C34B38D40001DFF0DFA35FA78B0F8" box="[144,1439,1431,1524]" gridrow="9" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">
|
||||
<th id="76DD5DCF8D40001DFF0DFA35FEDDB0F8" box="[144,314,1431,1524]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B948EAE38D40FFE3FF0DFA18FEEFB0DC" bold="true" box="[144,264,1466,1488]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||||
</th>
|
||||
<td id="76DD5DCF8D40001DFED2FA35FDBAB0F8" box="[335,605,1431,1524]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">Israel</td>
|
||||
<td id="76DD5DCF8D40001DFDF1FA35FCB0B0F8" box="[620,855,1431,1524]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">All the Mediterranean region, Central Asia.</td>
|
||||
<td id="76DD5DCF8D40001DFC1AFA35FB6BB0F8" box="[903,1164,1431,1524]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">Iran, Irak, Afganistan, Tajikistan, Israel</td>
|
||||
<td id="76DD5DCF8D40001DFB3FFA35FA78B0F8" box="[1186,1439,1431,1524]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">Europe, North Africa, Western Asia, introduce in Northern America</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C326657A8D40FFE3FF20F985FC42B333" box="[189,933,1575,1599]" pageId="1" pageNumber="48" type="etymology">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B8336F18D40FFE3FF20F985FC42B333" blockId="1.[136,1452,1575,2067]" box="[189,933,1575,1599]" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B948EAE38D40FFE3FF20F985FEDFB333" bold="true" box="[189,312,1575,1599]" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">Etymology</emphasis>
|
||||
:—The name refers to the area where the plant was found.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C326657A8D40FFE3FF20F9E9FCC1B36F" box="[189,806,1611,1635]" pageId="1" pageNumber="48" type="biology_ecology">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B8336F18D40FFE3FF20F9E9FCC1B36F" blockId="1.[136,1452,1575,2067]" box="[189,806,1611,1635]" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B948EAE38D40FFE3FF20F9E9FED3B36F" bold="true" box="[189,308,1611,1635]" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">Phenology</emphasis>
|
||||
:—The plant flowers from late June to August.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C326657A8D40FFE0FF20F9CDFDFBB4BF" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="49" pageId="1" pageNumber="48" type="conservation">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B8336F18D40FFE3FF20F9CDFE75B2AA" blockId="1.[136,1452,1575,2067]" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B948EAE38D40FFE3FF20F9CDFDCFB38B" bold="true" box="[189,552,1646,1671]" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">Ecology and conservation status</emphasis>
|
||||
:—The plant is currently known from the Beit-Netofa valley. Eight small populations were observed (collections + field observations), with less than 100 individuals each, distanced few hundreds of meters away. All inside an area of about
|
||||
<quantity id="4CC49B148D40FFE3FE71F915FDC3B3DD" box="[492,548,1719,1745]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="48" unit="km" value="4.0">4 km</quantity>
|
||||
², which is one very small locality. The habitat is along the banks and sides of a
|
||||
<quantity id="4CC49B148D40FFE3FAE8F914FA4CB3C3" box="[1397,1451,1718,1743]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="48" unit="km" value="5.0">5 km</quantity>
|
||||
long, man-made canal, that was made to drain the flooded fields during the winter. The canal dries out during the summer. The plant grows at
|
||||
<quantity id="4CC49B148D40FFE3FEFFF95CFE4FB21A" box="[354,424,1790,1814]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="48" unit="m" value="150.0">150 m</quantity>
|
||||
elevation, on “dark brown” soils with 70–75% clay. The neighboring fields are cultivated in traditional agriculture, mainly cereals (wheat) and vegetables. The plant grows with other annual species of temporary wetlands including
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D728D40FFE3FECAF8E5FC7BB253" authority="Salzmann ex Tenore (1830: 13)" authorityName="Tenore" authorityPageNumber="13" authorityYear="1830" box="[343,924,1863,1887]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lythraceae" genus="Lythrum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="1" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tribracteatum">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B948EAE38D40FFE3FECAF8E5FDAEB253" box="[343,585,1863,1887]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">Lythrum tribracteatum</emphasis>
|
||||
Salzmann ex
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAD4B008D40FFE3FD41F8E5FC7BB253" author="Tenore, M." box="[732,924,1863,1887]" pageId="1" pageNumber="48" refId="ref3127" refString="Tenore, M. (1830) Lythrum tribracteatum var. cuneifolium. In: Semina, anno 1830 collecta, quae in horto botanico Neapolitano pro mutua commutatione offeruntur. Tipografia Fibreni, Naples, 15 pp." type="book" year="1830">Tenore (1830: 13)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D728D40FFE3FC3BF8E5FAC9B253" authority="Linnaeus (1753: 447)" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityPageNumber="447" authorityYear="1753" box="[934,1326,1862,1887]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lythraceae" genus="Lythrum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="1" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hyssopifolia">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B948EAE38D40FFE3FC3BF8E5FBA5B253" box="[934,1090,1863,1887]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">L. hyssopifolia</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAD4B008D40FFE3FBD5F8E5FAC9B253" author="Linnaeus, C." box="[1096,1326,1862,1887]" pageId="1" pageNumber="48" refId="ref2748" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1753) Species Plantarum. Tomus 1. Impensis Laurentii Salvii, Stockholm, 560 pp." type="book" year="1753">Linnaeus (1753: 447)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D728D40FFE3FAA5F8E5FE39B28F" authority="Linnaeus (1753: 120)" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityPageNumber="120" authorityYear="1753" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lythraceae" genus="Ammannia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="1" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="baccifera">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B948EAE38D40FFE3FAA5F8E5FF0AB28F" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">Ammannia baccifera</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAD4B008D40FFE3FF68F8C9FE39B28F" author="Linnaeus, C." box="[245,478,1898,1923]" pageId="1" pageNumber="48" refId="ref2748" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1753) Species Plantarum. Tomus 1. Impensis Laurentii Salvii, Stockholm, 560 pp." type="book" year="1753">Linnaeus (1753: 120)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D728D40FFE3FD15F8C9FC7DB28F" authority="Aiton (1789: 48)" authorityName="Aiton" authorityPageNumber="48" authorityYear="1789" box="[648,922,1899,1923]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Crypsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="1" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B948EAE38D40FFE3FD15F8C9FD3EB28E" box="[648,729,1899,1922]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">Crypsis</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAD4B008D40FFE3FD7CF8C9FC7DB28F" author="Aiton, W." box="[737,922,1899,1923]" pageId="1" pageNumber="48" refId="ref2218" refString="Aiton, W. (1789) Hortus Kewensis. Vol. I Monandria - Heptandria. George Nicol, London, 496 pp." type="book" year="1789">Aiton (1789: 48)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. In water stress conditions, the leaves are tightly pressed against the stem.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B8336F18D40FFE0FF20F811FDFBB4BF" blockId="1.[136,1452,1575,2067]" lastBlockId="2.[136,1452,159,543]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="49" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">
|
||||
Perturbation of the soil made for agriculture, like ploughing or ruts, may be beneficial for the plant by reducing competition and exposing seeds to light, as known for
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D728D40FFE3FD53F875FB24B2E3" authority="M. Bieberstein (1808: 367)" authorityName="M. Bieberstein" authorityPageNumber="367" authorityYear="1808" box="[718,1219,2007,2031]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lythraceae" genus="Lythrum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="1" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="thesioides">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B948EAE38D40FFE3FD53F875FC7EB2E3" box="[718,921,2007,2031]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">Lythrum thesioides</emphasis>
|
||||
M. Bieberstein (1808: 367)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAD4B008D40FFE3FB4DF875FA47B2E3" author="Gazaix, A. & Klesczewski, M. & Bouchet, M. A. & Cartereau, M. & Molina, J. & Michaud, H. & Muller, S. D. & Pirsoul, L. & Grillas, P. & Gauthier, P. & Thompson, J. D." box="[1232,1440,2007,2031]" pageId="1" pageNumber="48" refId="ref2396" refString="Gazaix, A., Klesczewski, M., Bouchet, M. A., Cartereau, M., Molina, J., Michaud, H., Muller, S. D., Pirsoul, L., Grillas, P., Gauthier, P. & Thompson, J. D. (2019) A history of discoveries and disappearances of the rare annual plant Lythrum thesioides M. Bieb: new insights into its ecology and biology. Botany Letters. [Published online] https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 23818107.2019.1684358" type="book" year="2019">
|
||||
Gazaix
|
||||
<emphasis id="B948EAE38D40FFE3FAB9F875FABDB2E3" box="[1316,1370,2007,2031]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">et al.</emphasis>
|
||||
, 2019
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). Indeed, annual
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D728D40FFE3FEAEF859FE03BD1F" box="[307,484,2043,2067]" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B948EAE38D40FFE3FEAEF859FE6ABD1F" box="[307,397,2043,2067]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">Lythrum</emphasis>
|
||||
species
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and several species of Mediterranean temporary wetlands produce small seeds of high longevity, and thus develop seed banks that can stay decades in the soil, until favorable conditions stimulate germination (Aponte
|
||||
<emphasis id="B948EAE38D43FFE0FF7AFF66FEF9B5D7" box="[231,286,195,219]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">et al.</emphasis>
|
||||
2010;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAD4B008D43FFE0FEF4FF61FDD3B5D7" author="Gazaix, A. & Klesczewski, M. & Bouchet, M. A. & Cartereau, M. & Molina, J. & Michaud, H. & Muller, S. D. & Pirsoul, L. & Grillas, P. & Gauthier, P. & Thompson, J. D." box="[361,564,195,219]" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" refId="ref2396" refString="Gazaix, A., Klesczewski, M., Bouchet, M. A., Cartereau, M., Molina, J., Michaud, H., Muller, S. D., Pirsoul, L., Grillas, P., Gauthier, P. & Thompson, J. D. (2019) A history of discoveries and disappearances of the rare annual plant Lythrum thesioides M. Bieb: new insights into its ecology and biology. Botany Letters. [Published online] https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 23818107.2019.1684358" type="book" year="2019">
|
||||
Gazaix
|
||||
<emphasis id="B948EAE38D43FFE0FE21FF66FE14B5D7" box="[444,499,195,219]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">et al.</emphasis>
|
||||
2019
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). The agricultural context of the Beit-Netofa valley, and its anthropized hydrology (canal) represent thus both possibilities for management and threats if sudden changes in land use or hydrology disturb the sites. This is even more important as these populations are the only known occurrence of this species, thus they are of very high conservation value. IUCN Conservation status assessment would require more field explorations, in order to have a better information on the distribution and the demography of the species. Thus, botanists of the
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F32B76618D43FFE0FB6DFEF1FACCB467" box="[1264,1323,339,363]" name="Israel" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">Israel</collectingCountry>
|
||||
Nature and Parks Authority were reported about the species, and we hope now that study of the spread of the species will allow exact assessment of the conservation status.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C326657A8D43FFE0FF20FE1DFF3CB713" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B8336F18D43FFE0FF20FE1DFF3CB713" blockId="2.[136,1452,159,543]" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="3B543CAC8D43FFE0FF20FE1DFE24B4F7" collectedFrom="temporary flooded fields near a canal" collectingDate="2017-07-01" collectionCode="HUJ" collectorName="Mazar" country="Israel" latitude="32.825" location="Beit - Netofa valley" longLatPrecision="72" longitude="35.38" municipality="Beit - Netofa valley" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Lower Gallilee" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B948EAE38D43FFE0FF20FE1DFEC8B4DB" bold="true" box="[189,303,447,471]" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">
|
||||
<typeStatus id="548788538D43FFE0FF20FE1DFEC8B4DB" box="[189,303,447,471]" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
:—
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F32B76618D43FFE0FED2FE1DFE56B4DB" box="[335,433,447,471]" name="Israel" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">ISRAEL</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="49F8F8138D43FFE0FE20FE62FD85B4DB" box="[445,610,447,471]" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">Lower Gallilee</collectingRegion>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<location id="8EE3602A8D43FFE0FDF1FE1DFCDFB4DB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039587E78D41FFE0FF15FB53FF3CB713:8EE3602A8D43FFE0FDF1FE1DFCDFB4DB" box="[620,824,447,471]" country="Israel" latitude="32.825" longLatPrecision="72" longitude="35.38" municipality="Beit - Netofa valley" name="Beit - Netofa valley" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" stateProvince="Lower Gallilee">Beit–Netofa valley</location>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectedFrom id="3820750C8D43FFE0FCDEFE62FB31B4DB" box="[835,1238,447,472]" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">temporary flooded fields near a canal</collectedFrom>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0850368D43FFE0FB7CFE1DFAA7B4DB" box="[1249,1344,447,471]" degrees="32.825" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" precision="55" value="32.825">32.825N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0850368D43FFE0FAD6FE1DFA4FB4DB" box="[1355,1448,447,471]" degrees="35.380" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" precision="55" value="35.38">35.380E</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FF8210318D43FFE0FF15FE41FEEFB4F7" box="[136,264,483,507]" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" value="2017-07-01">
|
||||
<collectingDate id="EFC6E9D98D43FFE0FF15FE41FEEFB4F7" box="[136,264,483,507]" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" value="2017-07-01">1 July 2017</collectingDate>
|
||||
</date>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<emphasis id="B948EAE38D43FFE0FE8EFE46FEBEB4F7" box="[275,345,484,507]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">
|
||||
<collectorName id="26C953278D43FFE0FE8EFE46FEBEB4F7" box="[275,345,484,507]" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">Mazar</collectorName>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
6 (
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ED2DAE348D43FFE0FEE0FE41FE50B4F7" box="[381,439,483,507]" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">HUJ</collectionCode>
|
||||
!)
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="3B543CAC8D43FFE0FE52FE41FC3CB4F7" box="[463,987,483,507]" collectedFrom="temporary flooded fields near a canal" collectingDate="2017-07-05" collectionCode="HUJ" collectorName="Mazar" country="Israel" latitude="32.815" location="Beit - Netofa valley" longLatPrecision="72" longitude="35.361" municipality="Beit - Netofa valley" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Lower Gallilee" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0850368D43FFE0FE52FE41FDC9B4F7" box="[463,558,483,507]" degrees="32.815" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" precision="55" value="32.815">32.815N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0850368D43FFE0FDA4FE41FD72B4F7" box="[569,661,483,507]" degrees="35.361" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" precision="55" value="35.361">35.361E</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FF8210318D43FFE0FD3DFE41FCC7B4F7" box="[672,800,483,507]" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" value="2017-07-05">
|
||||
<collectingDate id="EFC6E9D98D43FFE0FD3DFE41FCC7B4F7" box="[672,800,483,507]" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" value="2017-07-05">5 July 2017</collectingDate>
|
||||
</date>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<emphasis id="B948EAE38D43FFE0FCB1FE46FC95B4F7" box="[812,882,484,507]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">
|
||||
<collectorName id="26C953278D43FFE0FCB1FE46FC95B4F7" box="[812,882,484,507]" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">Mazar</collectorName>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
7 (
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ED2DAE348D43FFE0FC08FE41FC28B4F7" box="[917,975,483,507]" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">HUJ</collectionCode>
|
||||
!)
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="3B543CAC8D43FFE0FC7AFE41FF31B713" collectedFrom="temporary flooded fields near a canal" collectingDate="2017-07-20" collectionCode="HUJ" collectorName="Mazar" country="Israel" latitude="32.82" location="Beit - Netofa valley" longLatPrecision="72" longitude="35.355" municipality="Beit - Netofa valley" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Lower Gallilee" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0850368D43FFE0FC7AFE41FBA0B4F7" box="[999,1095,483,507]" degrees="32.820" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" precision="55" value="32.82">32.820N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0850368D43FFE0FBCCFE41FB49B4F7" box="[1105,1198,483,507]" degrees="35.355" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" precision="55" value="35.355">35.355E</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FF8210318D43FFE0FB24FE41FAA1B4F7" box="[1209,1350,483,507]" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" value="2017-07-20">
|
||||
<collectingDate id="EFC6E9D98D43FFE0FB24FE41FAA1B4F7" box="[1209,1350,483,507]" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" value="2017-07-20">20 July 2017</collectingDate>
|
||||
</date>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<emphasis id="B948EAE38D43FFE0FACCFE46FA70B4F7" box="[1361,1431,484,507]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">
|
||||
<collectorName id="26C953278D43FFE0FACCFE46FA70B4F7" box="[1361,1431,484,507]" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">Mazar</collectorName>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
8 (
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ED2DAE348D43FFE0FF0DFDA5FF2DB713" box="[144,202,519,543]" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">HUJ</collectionCode>
|
||||
!)
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
169
data/33/DE/B4/33DEB4EAC7CF508B913DC18E490C9BA3.xml
Normal file
169
data/33/DE/B4/33DEB4EAC7CF508B913DC18E490C9BA3.xml
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,169 @@
|
|||
<document id="DBA72696E6E20D632FBD65DB31A65F71" ID-DOI="10.3897/zookeys.1231.136967" ID-ZooBank="4ECF017A-A679-4DAE-89BE-6606835C0F44" ID-publisher-id="136967" URI-arpha="2B94B94B-DAF9-58DD-91A3-3A4A3C49A828" URI-zoobank="http://zoobank.org/4ECF017A-A679-4DAE-89BE-6606835C0F44" article-type="research-article" checkinTime="1741890238904" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Horowitz, Jeremy, Barajas, Mina, McCartin, Luke J., Vohsen, Samuel A. & Herrera, Santiago" docDate="2025" docId="33DEB4EAC7CF508B913DC18E490C9BA3" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1231: 331-346" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1231" docSource="https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/136967/download/xml/" docStyle="DocumentStyle:PensoftTaxPub.0000.journal_article.generic" docStyleName="PensoftTaxPub.0000.journal_article.generic" docTitle="Stauropathes Opresko 2002" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" dtd-version="3.0" lastPageNumber="346" masterDocId="2B94B94BDAF958DD91A33A4A3C49A828" masterDocTitle="Description of a new species of Stauropathes (Anthozoa, Antipatharia, Schizopathidae) from Puerto Rico" masterLastPageNumber="346" masterPageNumber="331" pageNumber="331" updateTime="1741890595968" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="5D89F182D0BB6C5CDAE49C73F83C43E3">
|
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<mods:title id="F13F64B2AE073D642104C849F815BDEC">Description of a new species of Stauropathes (Anthozoa, Antipatharia, Schizopathidae) from Puerto Rico</mods:title>
|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
<mods:namePart id="AEE28D5F3BB611726D41D54510FB30FF">Horowitz, Jeremy</mods:namePart>
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|
||||
<mods:affiliation id="A1B271F68E6792C6651E6BCD34D6E5F0">Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="A10958E0971BAFB56D28C65B92BC7E8B">Barajas, Mina</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation id="2906566DD0BFEA0ACD98C261A8B3B2F3">Department of Zoology, California State Polytechnic University, Humboldt, Arcata, CA, USA</mods:affiliation>
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|
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="56515FF968B70777BC9DEC36B26297E8">McCartin, Luke J.</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:nameIdentifier id="D4C983914B725E1759AB967C627626A1" type="ORCID">0000-0001-5374-3148</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="EF0D005F045B9648A029E0D1A1688F26">Vohsen, Samuel A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="ECD9C539014DBF4D30D76951BADC6DD2">Herrera, Santiago</mods:namePart>
|
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="AFA14688A6D6753FE9E9E8C9861CCD61" type="ORCID">0000-0001-7204-9434</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="CDA0B377198AC2C7C24723173AB7E6C4">Department of Biological Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, USA</mods:affiliation>
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|
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<mods:number id="6F8F8D26164266D0738CCD8B19D114C9">1231</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="F65AE938EAC97F70B08BBEDCCF256FBB">331</mods:start>
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|
||||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||||
<mods:classification id="F8EE98B2D22CAFC450032CE4450E019E">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="42ADC2BDD5564070FF4A40EAD4B074A4" type="DOI">10.3897/zookeys.1231.136967</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="4562054FF37514633398127C64A54B6A" type="ZooBank">4ECF017A-A679-4DAE-89BE-6606835C0F44</mods:identifier>
|
||||
</mods:mods>
|
||||
<treatment id="33DEB4EAC7CF508B913DC18E490C9BA3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15021478" ID-Zenodo-Dep="15021478" ID-arpha="33DEB4EA-C7CF-508B-913D-C18E490C9BA3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:33DEB4EAC7CF508B913DC18E490C9BA3" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/33DEB4EAC7CF508B913DC18E490C9BA3">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="CF40EDBDFD7C134794B48941B967D8D3" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph id="1BA2774C95919058C9D5E91C2B7778BC">
|
||||
<heading id="0272B8BDA8C6699B0B6B1AAB66BF5775" reason="label">Genus</heading>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4E0BF831E36007D84BC034CAE1B08F06" ID-CoL="7Q2Q2" authority="Opresko, 2002" authorityName="Opresko" authorityYear="2002" class="Anthozoa" family="Schizopathidae" genus="Stauropathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="FE7D9CF2C9D42C8C7EDFEE625225DF56" italics="true">Stauropathes</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="A5DAE8C4BF7F21A0DAAFDACE9F65BEC5" author="Opresko DM" journalOrPublisher="Zoologische Mededelingen" pagination="1-17" refId="B20" refString="Opresko DM (2002) Revision of the Antipatharia (Cnidaria: Anthozoa). Part II. Schizopathidae. Zoologische Mededelingen 76: 1-17." title="Revision of the Antipatharia (Cnidaria: Anthozoa). Part II. Schizopathidae." volume="76" year="2002">Opresko, 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="SECID0E4KAC" type="diagnosis">
|
||||
<paragraph id="173C0697D2C2A1072C48E70A80795BB1">
|
||||
<heading id="CA964E7E804191C36141F2CB80368A05" reason="title">
|
||||
Diagnosis (emended from
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EBA754E035B19C6D571F1356E215B757" author="Opresko DM" journalOrPublisher="Zoologische Mededelingen" pagination="1-17" refId="B20" refString="Opresko DM (2002) Revision of the Antipatharia (Cnidaria: Anthozoa). Part II. Schizopathidae. Zoologische Mededelingen 76: 1-17." title="Revision of the Antipatharia (Cnidaria: Anthozoa). Part II. Schizopathidae." volume="76" year="2002">Opresko 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="47FA7CEED4A26867F020321873CCC395">
|
||||
Corallum monopodial, unbranched or branched and pinnulate to the first order. Pinnules in two lateral or anterolateral rows and arranged in subopposite pairs. Spines smooth, triangular, and laterally compressed. Polyps
|
||||
<quantity id="B5C03C9CC48D63AF810E3C997445D5DE" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="3.0" unit="mm" value="6.0" valueMax="9.0" valueMin="3.0">3–9 mm</quantity>
|
||||
in transverse diameter.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="SECID0ECLAC" type="type species">
|
||||
<paragraph id="842DAFB8D28E31670DA655C5807EA404">
|
||||
<heading id="6228864224728D59EE40FFA98A23AD63" reason="title">
|
||||
<typeStatus id="91CF6DDC1D42DCDB1BC6B36CCBBA7F4B">Type</typeStatus>
|
||||
species.
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="C1354F281A58AC5D5BBCFDE530154324">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="9ED670419B482BEDEA3E093F47290DAE" authority="Opresko, 2002" authorityName="Opresko" authorityYear="2002" class="Anthozoa" family="Schizopathidae" genus="Stauropathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="staurocrada">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CDF88B3C401595A69D1AE1594B1BFA89" italics="true">Stauropathes staurocrada</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="FC103F24B797C5957EF632876D2E5651" author="Opresko DM" journalOrPublisher="Zoologische Mededelingen" pagination="1-17" refId="B20" refString="Opresko DM (2002) Revision of the Antipatharia (Cnidaria: Anthozoa). Part II. Schizopathidae. Zoologische Mededelingen 76: 1-17." title="Revision of the Antipatharia (Cnidaria: Anthozoa). Part II. Schizopathidae." volume="76" year="2002">Opresko, 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(by original designation).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="SECID0ETLAC" type="type locality">
|
||||
<paragraph id="60DA2EBFEF39F5EEA4EB9688AD603BAB">
|
||||
<heading id="F9349A8D1B9E986147102705FF8210BD" reason="title">
|
||||
<typeStatus id="9AB09570391EA9687B5DF38B3949D3E7">Type</typeStatus>
|
||||
locality.
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="F56DF117FFD7580931D625512364AB26">North-central Pacific Ocean.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="SECID0EYLAC" type="remarks">
|
||||
<paragraph id="F463B9882795AA75A747B0B86DF27DB2">
|
||||
<heading id="CDA6F21A505FDA48DCBC250195605E1D" reason="title">Remarks.</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="7B51D7833DC7ACF5228ED4BF97439F08">
|
||||
This study demonstrates that the unbranched corallum with bilateral and subopposite pinnules is polyphyletic, occurring in the genera
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="FBD852AF7BC843E371E48EF273E1F3A3" authorityName="Brook" authorityYear="1889" class="Anthozoa" family="Schizopathidae" genus="Bathypathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="F8FEF3C5DCBDC7292BE4667BC47C5826" italics="true">Bathypathes</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="D0EAE4656D032A0C67D26AAD032F20CE" authorityName="Opresko" authorityYear="2002" class="Anthozoa" family="Schizopathidae" genus="Stauropathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="0ABB1F6E2A47FC9B610E63D583898882" italics="true">Stauropathes</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, warranting emendation to the generic diagnosis for
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="E8FDA55690B878B2B6F3AD18836DFE08" authorityName="Opresko" authorityYear="2002" class="Anthozoa" family="Schizopathidae" genus="Stauropathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="9FFBB50186ACA842E0B4D4747304D419" italics="true">Stauropathes</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. Further, the two genera do not form monophyletic groups, where
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="CED766C719E49C4F737A18918D16C6EC" class="Anthozoa" family="Schizopathidae" genus="Stauropathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||||
<emphasis id="14319FC06742D83FDA82FF53D75B2F19" italics="true">Stauropathes</emphasis>
|
||||
spp.
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<collectionCode id="51F8C5A7746607057331AAF98D22DD98">CMNI</collectionCode>
|
||||
2023-0258,
|
||||
<collectionCode id="3DB94C74B0620A37EB6C4F50BCCC8D19" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||||
1404493, and
|
||||
<collectionCode id="FEECC5F532F2849EB91FBBF5406A99F6" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||||
1424220) fall into the clade that consists of a majority of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="39220088C9BDEB0D159C9A89164A023B" authorityName="Brook" authorityYear="1889" class="Anthozoa" family="Schizopathidae" genus="Bathypathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="5293871F6FDEB3AA8ED95E36B8BAD7B2" italics="true">Bathypathes</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, while
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="69AE12D6032D9C72B35D80C6EB1E6155" authority="Opresko & Molodtsova, 2021" authorityName="Opresko & Molodtsova" authorityYear="2021" class="Anthozoa" family="Schizopathidae" genus="Bathypathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="alaskensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C22C18D4C267797479218F41198C42C3" italics="true">Bathypathes alaskensis</emphasis>
|
||||
Opresko & Molodtsova, 2021
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<collectionCode id="167D46B256070C1709921B49EFCC1700" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||||
1013749) falls into the clade that consists of a majority of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="0EF4259E76B8857AEAC0CDD2F8F7A603" authorityName="Opresko" authorityYear="2002" class="Anthozoa" family="Schizopathidae" genus="Stauropathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="02B93723069FE8B1849781B1A89889AF" italics="true">Stauropathes</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. Another finding of this study is that
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="3B7D87726F711AE3D4371168A3DEAF40" authorityName="MacIsaac & Best" authorityYear="2013" class="Anthozoa" family="Schizopathidae" genus="Telopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="1644EA1AA2D212DDE4EEE32C8A3066FE" italics="true">Telopathes</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is not polyphyletic, contradicting
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="B188C4CD4B936C6BDFB64E31072F6653" DOI="10.3897/zookeys.1196.116837" author="Cruz BA & Cappelmann A & Chutjian H & Roman JC & Reid MA & Wright J & Gonzalez AD & Keyman T & Griffith KM & Appiah-Madson HJ & Distel DL & Hayes VE & Drewery J & Pettay DT & Staton JL & Brugler MR" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Cruz" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pagination="79-93" refId="B7" refString="Cruz BA, Cappelmann A, Chutjian H, Roman JC, Reid MA, Wright J, Gonzalez AD, Keyman T, Griffith KM, Appiah-Madson HJ, Distel DL, Hayes VE, Drewery J, Pettay DT, Staton JL, Brugler MR (2024) Complete mitochondrial genomes of the black corals Alternatipathes mirabilis Opresko & Molodtsova, 2021 and Parantipathes larix (Esper, 1788) (Cnidaria, Anthozoa, Hexacorallia, Antipatharia, Schizopathidae). ZooKeys 2024: 79–93. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1196.116837" title="Complete mitochondrial genomes of the black corals Alternatipathes mirabilis Opresko & Molodtsova, 2021 and Parantipathes larix (Esper, 1788) (Cnidaria, Anthozoa, Hexacorallia, Antipatharia, Schizopathidae)." volume="2024" year="2024">Cruz et al. (2024)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
; however, additional sequence data from these three genera may suggest more complicated relationships, possibly fueled by hybridization and / or introgression, which has yet to be formally tested for any species in the order.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
540
data/63/19/5F/63195FA1BD9A53E19D5D56D2C09ACAAB.xml
Normal file
540
data/63/19/5F/63195FA1BD9A53E19D5D56D2C09ACAAB.xml
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,540 @@
|
|||
<document id="BEB5A7C600CE2C06672C77A006224792" ID-DOI="10.3897/zookeys.1231.137323" ID-ZooBank="6C61817B-3D99-4A61-865C-BDDF332D4769" ID-publisher-id="137323" URI-arpha="16D733BC-1AB6-5C39-8683-69F533BE13CD" URI-zoobank="http://zoobank.org/6C61817B-3D99-4A61-865C-BDDF332D4769" article-type="research-article" checkinTime="1741890247588" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Vo, Quang Van, Hibino, Yusuke, Ho, Hsuan-Ching, Le, Thao Thu Thi & Seah, Ying Giat" docDate="2025" docId="63195FA1BD9A53E19D5D56D2C09ACAAB" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1231: 311-329" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1231" docSource="https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/137323/download/xml/" docStyle="DocumentStyle:PensoftTaxPub.0000.journal_article.generic" docStyleName="PensoftTaxPub.0000.journal_article.generic" docTitle="Ophichthus nguyenorum Vo, Hibino & Ho 2025, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" dtd-version="3.0" lastPageNumber="329" masterDocId="16D733BC1AB65C39868369F533BE13CD" masterDocTitle="Two new snake eels (Anguilliformes, Ophichthidae, Ophichthus) from Viet Nam, with redescriptions of O. macrochir (Bleeker) and O. rutidoderma (Bleeker)" masterLastPageNumber="329" masterPageNumber="311" pageNumber="311" updateTime="1741890768137" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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||||
<mods:mods id="4E66CE0372E7BC47D17129B5D460FF95" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||||
<mods:titleInfo id="95B9A5B2810E5129DBF47DD470FDAB6A">
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<mods:title id="18B70A722D82C002B4501EBD31CD2BEC">Two new snake eels (Anguilliformes, Ophichthidae, Ophichthus) from Viet Nam, with redescriptions of O. macrochir (Bleeker) and O. rutidoderma (Bleeker)</mods:title>
|
||||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:name id="A6D1FA32C6EF72AD25B8BB2C6A037291" type="personal">
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||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="81263B8AF884C3162D07BFB14DAD489D">Vo, Quang Van</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:nameIdentifier id="2CD27CD754B4002E28E864700F3F79A6" type="ORCID">0000-0002-9680-6898</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation id="E3895522486302020518AD55A0D4D91C">Institute of Oceanography, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, No. 01 Cau Da, Nha Trang City, Khanh Hoa, Vietnam</mods:affiliation>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:name id="3F084522413319D9CFD15341CFE09ADC" type="personal">
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||||
<mods:role id="250331DD85A9AC12C10513CDE1023FB5">
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<mods:roleTerm id="7312F8B3C8D32C70AB273954586E8810">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="5418FD04DC05EF133CB7A0152A960B96">Hibino, Yusuke</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:nameIdentifier id="11D45153DD970E051E70ECEE62399951" type="ORCID">0000-0002-5670-3851</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation id="1984CCDA6207047EE2180D3F0B46B8FB">Kitakyushu Museum of Natural History and Human History, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan</mods:affiliation>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:name id="16DBB5DCBAD9EA246653A2F4FC1B437E" type="personal">
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||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="0750997586075762B458B74E70783D9C">Ho, Hsuan-Ching</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:nameIdentifier id="B3DFDF0D98EAFE539C507FCB3CA5A34B" type="ORCID">0000-0003-1154-601X</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation id="10C061732F4D9051069ACB2389A5C10B">Graduate Institute and Department of Aquaculture, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, Taiwan & Australia Museum, Sydney, Australia</mods:affiliation>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:name id="A8AB6C78F11CD11EB5E16C6C3BAB76F6" type="personal">
|
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<mods:role id="3AB5A377EDE3EC9FAF78924997BE0F24">
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<mods:roleTerm id="08AB722B0E8B0D02D09E52DBB922ECB7">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="67BC9B23C5CA365982DA20490125A41C">Le, Thao Thu Thi</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:nameIdentifier id="A9270C9AD932067A0E52D14DB967EEF5" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-6434-2251</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation id="B4D3B3C59B2C394B511A2C7043030377">Institute of Oceanography, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, No. 01 Cau Da, Nha Trang City, Khanh Hoa, Vietnam</mods:affiliation>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:name id="3C113DD4F45BFAC8B2E24FDA573E5423" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="BAFF71245E9564AB9B51B9F5AD7F99D0">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="BDD37BAA7F4B8507601E77D93F9DE5CD">Seah, Ying Giat</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:nameIdentifier id="C3A56BE748DA2365BA82C458C622C348" type="ORCID">0000-0002-2976-4448</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation id="3C45EE97F685B7F638ABE1538227A5FD">Faculty of Fisheries and Food Science, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu 21030, Malaysia</mods:affiliation>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:typeOfResource id="4EDB609835CFB11494C8C462AFBC68D1">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="B1A4E3A5E767A677C278A8E99F147293">ZooKeys</mods:title>
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|
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<mods:part id="E3AE6CE9374A018947988C8E1C96C954">
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|
||||
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|
||||
<mods:number id="21FDBA6B32DBF9261905A4935F184088">2025-03-13</mods:number>
|
||||
</mods:detail>
|
||||
<mods:detail id="AFA34E831E98776D1BAB6E194691B781" type="volume">
|
||||
<mods:number id="475024E9A8FFE1A78ECA888A273EF163">1231</mods:number>
|
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</mods:detail>
|
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|
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|
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|
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</mods:extent>
|
||||
</mods:part>
|
||||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||||
<mods:classification id="1EE9A33B9B1C9C5DBD61F1EF50ED0093">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="5BB04DC45BC35E290D235EE6B9B65B6C" type="DOI">10.3897/zookeys.1231.137323</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="56DF16528E23A930164AD8D238D6230A" type="ZooBank">6C61817B-3D99-4A61-865C-BDDF332D4769</mods:identifier>
|
||||
</mods:mods>
|
||||
<treatment id="63195FA1BD9A53E19D5D56D2C09ACAAB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15021501" ID-Zenodo-Dep="15021501" ID-arpha="63195FA1-BD9A-53E1-9D5D-56D2C09ACAAB" ID-zoobank="https://zoobank.org/9EF1D046-B202-461C-9DF7-4EDF7E149913" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:63195FA1BD9A53E19D5D56D2C09ACAAB" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:9EF1D046-B202-461C-9DF7-4EDF7E149913" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/63195FA1BD9A53E19D5D56D2C09ACAAB">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="515615A651DCC7B2E25AEDD234798DD2" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph id="051C6B73ABE8C714972F5EAAF85F0F3D">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="09863F902487E0EFB2CBE757F5736D8E" authority="Vo, Hibino & Ho" authorityName="Vo, Hibino & Ho" authorityYear="2025" family="Ophichthidae" genus="Ophichthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nguyenorum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DDF80E92943725A2B79FE4DEE90C86EF" italics="true">Ophichthus nguyenorum</emphasis>
|
||||
Vo, Hibino & Ho
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="AA7F6DAFCAA984AD47ED91D7F4F2D1C2" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0645B888F0D6256E2145119CB0998953" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="3888F9B25C32B8B01B204294318FEC5B">
|
||||
<figureCitation id="E8C54C508002BBFBC1BC5BF530210F6E" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Ophichthus nguyenorum sp. nov. a, b fresh specimen of the holotype, OIM-E. 55827, 887 mm TL, arrows point to the DFO and AFO, respectively c close-up of head view from lateral side of the paratype, OIM-E. 55827, 703 mm TL, arrow points to the DFO d close-up of tail view from ventral side of the holotype." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1231.137323.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1279406">Figs 3</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="8360D560D6123041785D71D807C7C9F7" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Drawing demonstrating the head pores (a) and teeth on both jaws (b, c) of Ophichthus nguyenorum sp. nov. a, b from the holotype c from OIM-E. 55828, paratype, 708 mm TL." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1231.137323.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1279407">4</figureCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<tableCitation id="8EB210556BC82246B50FCD83D80F6D92" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Morphometric and meristic data of four elongate Ophichthus species." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DD13348782BE15BBF91F3855ED16DA05" tableUuid="DD13348782BE15BBF91F3855ED16DA05">Tables 1</tableCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<tableCitation id="889C3F8BCB6F4354BE73FF1339C7B2AB" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="T2" captionText="Table 2. Selected morphological and meristic characteristics of eight elongate Ophichthus species. Data source: 1. This study; 2. Mishra et al. 2019; 3. Kodeeswaran et al. 2023; 4. McCosker 2010; 5. Lee and Asano 1997." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/1ED6C1F0F0A50100C9F749DD9FBE297B" tableUuid="1ED6C1F0F0A50100C9F749DD9FBE297B">2 English name: Darked Long-body Snake Eel Vietnamese name: Ca ́ li ̣ ch da ̀ i lưng đen</tableCitation>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="SECID0EWOBG" type="type material">
|
||||
<paragraph id="F9B36AAA4CE3BF34806FB0A27D618DD1">
|
||||
<heading id="FB85A13FF7E81A9486E98C4800D3EC17" reason="title">Type material.</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="E75B50B4BCB68FAE34C70B533D9E6D26">
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="9F013413BACE3AC48EE7FDCB936F05D5" collectingDate="2023-11-10" country="Vietnam" county="Sea" elevation="15" latitude="12.316667" location="Do" longLatPrecision="1293" longitude="109.333336" municipality="South" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||||
<emphasis id="EB16403FF9754C28E4683C5DC6C0F3D4" bold="true" italics="true">
|
||||
<typeStatus id="DD5A32F4DBB15C90DF11A60DB00EB397" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
•
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EBPBG" xlink_title="Institute of Oceanography, Nha Trang">OIM-E</abbrev>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<quantity id="E115B4D6FB587FDCA5D8799D971E15DD" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5827887" unit="mm" value="5.5827887E7">55827, 887 mm</quantity>
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EFPBG" xlink_title="Total lengths">TL</abbrev>
|
||||
, field no. Q. 01095-3, ca
|
||||
<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0EMPBG" specific-use="{"type":"Point","coordinates":[109.333333,12.316667]}">
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="3B88D402062EF3A85CDBE26C14E7799B" degrees="12" direction="north" minutes="19" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="12.316667">12 ° 19 ' N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="C7AE1059A401970C88F6FBB837F6407D" degrees="109" direction="east" minutes="20" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="109.333336">109 ° 20 ' E</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
</named-content>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<location id="EF3225F01A1E734AC0D5739F04FA673B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:63195FA1BD9A53E19D5D56D2C09ACAAB:EF3225F01A1E734AC0D5739F04FA673B" country="Vietnam" county="Sea" latitude="12.316667" longLatPrecision="1293" longitude="109.333336" municipality="South" name="Do">Đô</location>
|
||||
̀ ng
|
||||
<location id="36E047BA993B846D5C96F0565746C361" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:63195FA1BD9A53E19D5D56D2C09ACAAB:36E047BA993B846D5C96F0565746C361" country="Vietnam" county="Sea" latitude="12.316667" longLatPrecision="1293" longitude="109.333336" municipality="South" name="Ho">Ho</location>
|
||||
̀ a,
|
||||
<location id="1E9F07B505BCAFB9A7FDA3AE4E8FBFAD" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:63195FA1BD9A53E19D5D56D2C09ACAAB:1E9F07B505BCAFB9A7FDA3AE4E8FBFAD" country="Vietnam" county="Sea" latitude="12.316667" longLatPrecision="1293" longitude="109.333336" municipality="South" name="Ca">Câ</location>
|
||||
̀ n
|
||||
<location id="1C7E556D8A1AB727E8DD9157B17F3C16" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:63195FA1BD9A53E19D5D56D2C09ACAAB:1C7E556D8A1AB727E8DD9157B17F3C16" country="Vietnam" county="Sea" latitude="12.316667" longLatPrecision="1293" longitude="109.333336" municipality="South" name="Gio">Giơ</location>
|
||||
̀ district,
|
||||
<location id="7CB231FC20AA7DA1458EA00CDFD99F79" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:63195FA1BD9A53E19D5D56D2C09ACAAB:7CB231FC20AA7DA1458EA00CDFD99F79" country="Vietnam" county="Sea" latitude="12.316667" longLatPrecision="1293" longitude="109.333336" municipality="South" name="Ho">Hô</location>
|
||||
̀
|
||||
<location id="7E9E4ECB8C48731A5279BEA1C01B7045" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:63195FA1BD9A53E19D5D56D2C09ACAAB:7E9E4ECB8C48731A5279BEA1C01B7045" country="Vietnam" county="Sea" latitude="12.316667" longLatPrecision="1293" longitude="109.333336" municipality="South" name="Chi">Chi</location>
|
||||
́
|
||||
<location id="89EA583154190258DBA1D52298A9C01C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:63195FA1BD9A53E19D5D56D2C09ACAAB:89EA583154190258DBA1D52298A9C01C" country="Vietnam" county="Sea" latitude="12.316667" longLatPrecision="1293" longitude="109.333336" municipality="South" name="Minh City">Minh City</location>
|
||||
, southeast coast of
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="8DE9DB7060AC86714B7B5D75E2015292" name="Vietnam">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingMunicipality id="5CDB4A62352A4ABD4B6751A7734D08F7">South</collectingMunicipality>
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="8BC1B16F5B0DFDCF5D31AB7478D46A7A" name="China">China</collectingCountry>
|
||||
<collectingCounty id="AB6196EC763DE1D6B3C4B546EDE46E25">Sea</collectingCounty>
|
||||
, bottom trawl, ca
|
||||
<quantity id="A1AA38CABD6216029CC1F62B47DABE77" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" unit="m" value="15.0" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="10.0">
|
||||
<elevation id="FBFFEE3CF1FC601BA050A2A8CCDBB1B9" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" unit="m" value="15.0" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="10.0">10–20 m</elevation>
|
||||
</quantity>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="689FD06D31EE8A238CA48060DC981E70" value="2023-11-10">
|
||||
<collectingDate id="8881914B6FBB23499C39F2A893CE0FD1" value="2023-11-10">10 Nov. 2023</collectingDate>
|
||||
</date>
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<emphasis id="83187D60D8D6099A85C297B58FB825DD" bold="true" italics="true">
|
||||
<typeStatus id="62E99A80E8F02075ABAB11B398A4F6F7" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<specimenCount id="21AF4E147378BCA0A80F7D4DEEF68E2C" count="17" type="generic">Seventeen specimens</specimenCount>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<quantity id="E16FF76B07C3AD5D3FC8AFE35C9B1BEE" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.28" metricValueMax="9.76" metricValueMin="6.8" unit="mm" value="828.0" valueMax="976.0" valueMin="680.0">680–976 mm</quantity>
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EUPBG" xlink_title="Total lengths">TL</abbrev>
|
||||
•
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="69B5C3B90448EF73B8812F711312E1CB" country="Vietnam" specimenCode="NMMB-P 41235" specimenCount="5" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||||
<specimenCode id="8D76E581644D88E6E259C42833F0130B" collectionCode="NMMB-P">NMMB-P 41235</specimenCode>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<specimenCount id="77F53866BBC254D96CA20377F4F6F4B4" count="5" type="generic">5 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<quantity id="87367C47A5E50B6951AC8408913441DC" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.055" metricValueMax="9.08" metricValueMin="7.029999999999999" unit="mm" value="805.5" valueMax="908.0" valueMin="703.0">703–908 mm</quantity>
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EYPBG" xlink_title="Total lengths">TL</abbrev>
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
•
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="BFD536970D9B9AE1D9CE22AED4B4D87A" collectionCode="VR" country="Vietnam" specimenCode="VR 100623" specimenCount="3" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||||
<named-content id="9E5ACBD5C407AA103EC9D5532C9544A3" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/kitakyushu-museum-and-institute-natural-history" xlink_title="Kitakyushu Museum of Natural History and Human History">
|
||||
KMNH
|
||||
<specimenCode id="63BC16A24D3EB40C4B4CF4EC713C9F1D" collectionCode="VR">VR 100623</specimenCode>
|
||||
</named-content>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<specimenCount id="3E4D7AEEC565E24C8449FF820AD7C546" count="3" type="generic">3 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<quantity id="73F74D1B48FED43128B5CCE56F492A01" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.94" metricValueMax="8.48" metricValueMin="7.4" unit="mm" value="794.0" valueMax="848.0" valueMin="740.0">740–848 mm</quantity>
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EAQBG" xlink_title="Total lengths">TL</abbrev>
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
•
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EEQBG" xlink_title="Institute of Oceanography, Nha Trang">OIM-E</abbrev>
|
||||
. 55826,
|
||||
<specimenCount id="59D467DA8F40141A1E57C36938787DAD" count="4" type="generic">4 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<quantity id="78BE7548813CEB813D510F9827650D07" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.8" metricValueMax="9.76" metricValueMin="7.84" unit="mm" value="880.0" valueMax="976.0" valueMin="784.0">784–976 mm</quantity>
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EIQBG" xlink_title="Total lengths">TL</abbrev>
|
||||
, all collected with the
|
||||
<typeStatus id="B3264C091617AF289B83B8B7596FC97B" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
•
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EMQBG" xlink_title="Institute of Oceanography, Nha Trang">OIM-E</abbrev>
|
||||
. 55828,
|
||||
<specimenCount id="DA7953B754F6252E1AFED42CDB20F9F9" count="4" type="generic">4 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<quantity id="17D3759F43099D2682CAAC4309A6E25B" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.745" metricValueMax="8.52" metricValueMin="6.97" unit="mm" value="774.5" valueMax="852.0" valueMin="697.0">697–852 mm</quantity>
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EQQBG" xlink_title="Total lengths">TL</abbrev>
|
||||
•
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="E06BE0D115A761EB810A5020F49E3FD2" collectingDate="2023-01-20" collectionCode="VR" country="Vietnam" elevation="15" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||||
same location with
|
||||
<typeStatus id="375FEAFBBACED995CE2566331AB2748E" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
, bottom trawl, ca
|
||||
<quantity id="B5048308E50032F72E79887413460D74" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" unit="m" value="15.0" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="10.0">
|
||||
<elevation id="47417FB2E3112989DF26E75DADB80DB4" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" unit="m" value="15.0" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="10.0">10–20 m</elevation>
|
||||
</quantity>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="B8794951A034FECD5176BE3AC73E7CD3" value="2023-01-20">
|
||||
<collectingDate id="EB7BADCAAC91D30ED5146B7D08F3F678" value="2023-01-20">20 Jan. 2023</collectingDate>
|
||||
</date>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EUQBG" xlink_title="Institute of Oceanography, Nha Trang">OIM-E</abbrev>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<quantity id="79B519D24BEC4EACE511B255E67A0889" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.582968" unit="mm" value="5.582968E7">55829, 680 mm</quantity>
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EYQBG" xlink_title="Total lengths">TL</abbrev>
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
• bottom trawl, ca
|
||||
<quantity id="26120EB643FE968C3F4319625EC30391" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" unit="m" value="15.0" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="10.0">10–20 m</quantity>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="2C8A73B619A1E374896EA1C669C479F5" value="2023-09-20">20 Sep. 2023</date>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="SECID0E3QBG" type="diagnosis">
|
||||
<paragraph id="52CE1FCA6E3B27B45EC557A7F3A68A83">
|
||||
<heading id="DCDE457B19DEED94864D05FC949415F6" reason="title">Diagnosis.</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="EDDBB91DE319A5AA20AD8EAE3D01194D">
|
||||
An extremely elongate
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="8A4118AB258E1852C1BFC013B5577BD3" authorityName="Ahl" authorityYear="1789" family="Ophichthidae" genus="Ophichthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="52CE34A5F75FB0F7DD0E74602C6A69D2" italics="true">Ophichthus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
with the following combination of characters: snout rather pointed but occipital strongly convex (duck-shaped); body with numerous longitudinal wrinkles, weak on posterior abdomen; head 5.4–6.2 %
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EJRBG" xlink_title="Total lengths">TL</abbrev>
|
||||
; preanal length 31.4–33.5 %
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0ENRBG" xlink_title="Total lengths">TL</abbrev>
|
||||
; tail 66.5–68.6 %
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0ERRBG" xlink_title="Total lengths">TL</abbrev>
|
||||
; snout length 14.6–16.4 %
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EVRBG" xlink_title="head lengths">HL</abbrev>
|
||||
; one protrusion along upper lip (rarely 2 on one side); dorsal-fin origin slightly behind pectoral-fin tip;
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EZRBG" xlink_title="supraorbital pores">SO</abbrev>
|
||||
1 + 3,
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0E4RBG" xlink_title="preoperculomandibular pores">POM</abbrev>
|
||||
5 or 6 + 2; all teeth small and sharp; teeth on maxilla in one row anteriorly but increasing posteriorly; teeth on mandible biserial; body dark, usually including abdomen; dorsal fin darker with dark margin; anal fin initially pale but darkening towards tip; total vertebrae 190–196,
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EBSBG" xlink_title="Mean vertebral formula">MVF</abbrev>
|
||||
15-62 - 192.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="SECID0EFSBG" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="B26AF49AEAC0D45BA0BFA30357A646BC">
|
||||
<heading id="6EB41281608199C0B6207676626831B0" reason="title">Description.</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="3E414A16A062166E1A5AEC359BB5559C">
|
||||
Counts and measurements of the
|
||||
<typeStatus id="45792F0F5DB0EF817E00CCBC42A5736D" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
(in mm): total length 887, head 47.8, trunk 236.2, tail 601.4, predorsal length 67.4, pectoral-fin length 14.9; body depth at gill opening 14.4; body width at gill opening 13.7; body depth at anus 13.5; body width at anus 12.5; snout 7.3; upper jaw 14.1; snout overhang beyond tip of lower jaw 3.5; eye diameter 2.8; interorbital width 6.2; gill opening height 8.4; isthmus width 7.3.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="3E93F8065C1CBA6ADE18BF6668731F03">
|
||||
An extremely elongate snake eel (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1FAF8E04880623F125255964FCC32E35" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Ophichthus nguyenorum sp. nov. a, b fresh specimen of the holotype, OIM-E. 55827, 887 mm TL, arrows point to the DFO and AFO, respectively c close-up of head view from lateral side of the paratype, OIM-E. 55827, 703 mm TL, arrow points to the DFO d close-up of tail view from ventral side of the holotype." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1231.137323.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1279406">3 a</figureCitation>
|
||||
), subcircular to posterior portion of tail, then becoming slightly compressed, tail tip pointed and strong, its depth at gill openings 60.9 (57.6–64.2) in
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EQSBG" xlink_title="Total lengths">TL</abbrev>
|
||||
, Branchial basket slightly expanded and deeper than trunk. The skin slightly longitudinally wrinkled on body; skin folds not deep dorsally on body and weaker on posterior abdomen. Anus situated approximately in the anterior part of total length, head, and trunk 3.2 (3.0–3.2) in
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EUSBG" xlink_title="Total lengths">TL</abbrev>
|
||||
, head short 17.5 (16.1–18.6) in
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EYSBG" xlink_title="Total lengths">TL</abbrev>
|
||||
, and tail elongate
|
||||
<quantity id="E15E2EE186F64447D790F6CE85CC9B76" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.81" unit="in" value="1.5">1.5 in</quantity>
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0E3SBG" xlink_title="Total lengths">TL</abbrev>
|
||||
. Snout short 6.4 (6.1–7.0) in
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EATBG" xlink_title="head lengths">HL</abbrev>
|
||||
, tip narrowly conical at dorsal view, underside of snout not bisected by a groove. Lower jaw short, its tip not extending beyond anterior margin of nostril tube; its length 4.1 (3.8–4.4) in
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EETBG" xlink_title="head lengths">HL</abbrev>
|
||||
. Upper jaw moderately long, rictus well behind posterior margin of eye; its length 3.4 (3.2–3.6) in
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EITBG" xlink_title="head lengths">HL</abbrev>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="167CE5193FC2E4596B63BCBB9E14833E" ID-DOI="10.3897/zookeys.1231.137323.figure3" ID-arpha="9BAD3265-B189-5682-ACAC-94C5FA4B0725" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1279406" startId="F3">
|
||||
<paragraph id="0EBC9339CAC5B923783F84B996EE6761">
|
||||
<label id="B5F4D579908F5E76EF786CA8D5DE6C29">Figure 3.</label>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="35573B6C9B38AC66EF962FFCA8A965D0">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="1D40A5D26E94E150A70D6292D54ED4AA" authorityName="Vo & Hibino & Ho & Le & Seah" authorityYear="2025" family="Ophichthidae" genus="Ophichthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nguyenorum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7413B6B5F1222CD5D0F86313872793B7" italics="true">Ophichthus nguyenorum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="9CC9DB578438BA13CE7610190C78D4EB" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
<emphasis id="A5500842F59978B33F74A2AA1C99F990" bold="true">a, b</emphasis>
|
||||
fresh specimen of the holotype,
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EBUBG" xlink_title="Institute of Oceanography, Nha Trang">OIM-E</abbrev>
|
||||
. 55827, 887 mm
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EFUBG" xlink_title="Total lengths">TL</abbrev>
|
||||
, arrows point to the
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EJUBG" xlink_title="Dorsal-fin origin">DFO</abbrev>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0ENUBG" xlink_title="anal-fin origin">AFO</abbrev>
|
||||
, respectively
|
||||
<emphasis id="587147E682D586A0785A1426219026FA" bold="true">c</emphasis>
|
||||
close-up of head view from lateral side of the paratype,
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0ETUBG" xlink_title="Institute of Oceanography, Nha Trang">OIM-E</abbrev>
|
||||
. 55827, 703 mm
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EXUBG" xlink_title="Total lengths">TL</abbrev>
|
||||
, arrow points to the
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0E2UBG" xlink_title="Dorsal-fin origin">DFO</abbrev>
|
||||
<emphasis id="91DE30EA5C61946D1830A5B3A6A950D4" bold="true">d</emphasis>
|
||||
close-up of tail view from ventral side of the holotype.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph id="1940FF621987476612E09B6BABA487BD">
|
||||
Eye moderate in size, positioned above upper jaw, its diameter 4.8 (4.5–5.1) in upper jaw and 16.3 (15.1–17.3) in
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EIVBG" xlink_title="head lengths">HL</abbrev>
|
||||
. Anterior nostril tubular, extending ventrolaterally from snout, reaching below upper lip and chin when directed downward. Posterior nostril is a hole above upper lip, covered by a broad flap that extends well below edge of upper lip. One protrusion on upper lip, positioned just behind anterior-nostril tube, rarely another one present below eye but extremely tiny and only on one side. Dorsal-fin origin behind head, by less than one pectoral-fin length behind pectoral-fin tip and 1.5 (1.4–1.6) times head length behind head. Median fins low but obvious, ending approximately one upper-jaw length before the broadly pointed tail tip. Pectoral fin wedge-shaped with a narrow base, its length less than three times its base width, broad at middle and the longest rays at mid-fin.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="5F6473C1B81155525A0F08202D2F147A">
|
||||
Head pores small but apparent (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation id="E4A3FA7759C2B08D4E66B6D2EC946794" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Drawing demonstrating the head pores (a) and teeth on both jaws (b, c) of Ophichthus nguyenorum sp. nov. a, b from the holotype c from OIM-E. 55828, paratype, 708 mm TL." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1231.137323.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1279407">4 a</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0ESVBG" xlink_title="supraorbital pores">SO</abbrev>
|
||||
1 (ethmoid) + 3 on dorsal surface of snout and interorbital space;
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EWVBG" xlink_title="infraorbital pores">
|
||||
<collectionCode id="BBDFB6F38BDF2ECCA7E411991427CF9F" country="Portugal" name="Instituto de Oceanografia da Universidade de Lisboa">IO</collectionCode>
|
||||
</abbrev>
|
||||
3 + 3, 1 between nostrils, two below eye and three behind eye;
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0E1VBG" xlink_title="preoperculomandibular pores">POM</abbrev>
|
||||
5 or 6 + 2 (5 +
|
||||
<quantity id="7B37DD2872A57BB3D70C369D1B73EF12" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" unit="in" value="2.0">2 in</quantity>
|
||||
<typeStatus id="811149334B49984F3CFE6513EB924F05" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
), the last pore slightly before rictus; F 1,
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0E5VBG" xlink_title="supratemporal pores">ST</abbrev>
|
||||
3. Indistinct minute sensory papillae present along nape, anterior margin of orbit, and around base of anterior nostril. Lateral-line pores apparent;
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0ECWBG" xlink_title="head pores">HLL</abbrev>
|
||||
8 (8–9), in an arching sequence,
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EGWBG" xlink_title="pores before dorsal-fin origin">
|
||||
<collectionCode id="6700ACD713BF0F079AA90C0B385C25BE">PDLL</collectionCode>
|
||||
</abbrev>
|
||||
15 (13–16);
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EKWBG" xlink_title="pores before anal-fin origin">
|
||||
<collectionCode id="EDF649EBA27511BCC401743F1A3614E0">PALL</collectionCode>
|
||||
</abbrev>
|
||||
62 (61–64);
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EOWBG" xlink_title="total pores">TLL</abbrev>
|
||||
187 (185–190), the last at approximately one jaw length in front of tail tip.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="843049747E7629E60A7772A66EFC69C9" ID-DOI="10.3897/zookeys.1231.137323.figure4" ID-arpha="954B142E-7BF3-5B67-A7DC-DB6F99714F55" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1279407" startId="F4">
|
||||
<paragraph id="309A562C3919AA1ECF195E3A8AF0B782">
|
||||
<label id="F6340DE7B93356B368C60CD31C454478">Figure 4.</label>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="FF10CF0A464F1FDB93DBEA0B292EF140">
|
||||
Drawing demonstrating the head pores (
|
||||
<emphasis id="DFBC6B7888B7A6E1303EFD371423B90A" bold="true">a</emphasis>
|
||||
) and teeth on both jaws (
|
||||
<emphasis id="9AE5E675353D89F2F3CD2490ECC9F7C8" bold="true">b, c</emphasis>
|
||||
) of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="33654B0F5D388C53F2EB5D2C060E788C" authorityName="Vo & Hibino & Ho & Le & Seah" authorityYear="2025" family="Ophichthidae" genus="Ophichthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nguyenorum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8785572C6BA92D47C0442D61A6558A3" italics="true">Ophichthus nguyenorum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E8130C8CF6B49F56E972DC42A0D27B59" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
<emphasis id="D52A0A5533D8A06D0605FFD54852CF0D" bold="true">a, b</emphasis>
|
||||
from the holotype
|
||||
<emphasis id="D53A6BC38ACAE24B1B27CE3EBCCEA32F" bold="true">c</emphasis>
|
||||
from
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0ENXBG" xlink_title="Institute of Oceanography, Nha Trang">OIM-E</abbrev>
|
||||
. 55828, paratype, 708 mm
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0ERXBG" xlink_title="Total lengths">TL</abbrev>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph id="28DA59F73D8D2214A0858648453BF369">
|
||||
Teeth (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation id="ED8AB31716DEBB3DA3CF34A91CC6D71E" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Drawing demonstrating the head pores (a) and teeth on both jaws (b, c) of Ophichthus nguyenorum sp. nov. a, b from the holotype c from OIM-E. 55828, paratype, 708 mm TL." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1231.137323.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1279407">4 b, c</figureCitation>
|
||||
) small, conical, sharp. Intermaxillary with 4–6 teeth arranged in two rows (some
|
||||
<typeStatus id="F466AA9510F5A33BACB34EE2223C0BDD" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||||
with one row with 3 or 4 teeth) followed by 22 (18–25) teeth on vomer, with biserial rows anteriorly (some
|
||||
<typeStatus id="BC481FE42E1C84880CDB76CF7D0AE9C7" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||||
with triserial irregular rows in middle) and uniserial posteriorly, which decrease slightly in size posteriorly. Maxilla with 22 (right side) (20–24) or 23 (left side) (21–25) teeth, mostly uniserial anteriorly and becoming biserial at posterior portion with irregular rows. Mandible with 27 (right side) (24–31) or 29 (left side) (27–34) teeth arrange in one irregular row anteriorly, gradually becoming two irregular rows posteriorly, some
|
||||
<typeStatus id="1BAB676BFFF41C93294213625F27EA17" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||||
with additional teeth anteriorly forming two irregular rows and gradually becoming one row at middle and then two irregular rows posteriorly (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation id="EF0C7195206392DF4755E0655C37884B" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Drawing demonstrating the head pores (a) and teeth on both jaws (b, c) of Ophichthus nguyenorum sp. nov. a, b from the holotype c from OIM-E. 55828, paratype, 708 mm TL." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1231.137323.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1279407">4 c</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Predorsal vertebrae 15 (13–17), pre-anal vertebrae 63 (61–64), and total vertebrae 192 (190–196) (
|
||||
<specimenCount id="D72A3D410861DD0E8921A8B294C2A690" count="1" type="generic" typeStatus="paratype">one paratype specimen</specimenCount>
|
||||
with a broken tail, total vertebrae only 185).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="076429232BF259CF748125D2A0A39AD6">
|
||||
Coloration. When fresh (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation id="F0684F55A30E35B7EEDE17E9F6E75BE3" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Ophichthus nguyenorum sp. nov. a, b fresh specimen of the holotype, OIM-E. 55827, 887 mm TL, arrows point to the DFO and AFO, respectively c close-up of head view from lateral side of the paratype, OIM-E. 55827, 703 mm TL, arrow points to the DFO d close-up of tail view from ventral side of the holotype." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1231.137323.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1279406">3 a</figureCitation>
|
||||
) body uniformly dark; pectoral fin pale brown with peppered dots; anal fin pale anterior and change to darker toward the ending in approximately three times head length before the tail tip. After preservation, body uniformly dark dorsally and pale brown ventrally. Dorsal fin dark with dark margin; anal fin pale white anteriorly with slightly blackish pigment toward end of tail tip. Pectoral fin mostly dark grayish with scattered pigments. Mouth cavity dark except pale tooth ridges. Peritoneum pale with gray peppered dots on upper half; stomach and intestine pale. Tail tip blackish.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="SECID0EKYBG" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="05413C8F7E2B690B72B1CD5E252630DE">
|
||||
<heading id="BCE4D2041362594902A637A63C371186" reason="title">Size.</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="D9F89F33ECCE0EFB6F46E00D949D7B32">
|
||||
The two largest specimens (
|
||||
<quantity id="D7100A60E72DD99F33B4B6070DEAFA6C" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.769079999999999" unit="mm" value="976908.0">976, 908 mm</quantity>
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EQYBG" xlink_title="Total lengths">TL</abbrev>
|
||||
) are both ripe females with loose eggs.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="SECID0EUYBG" type="etymology">
|
||||
<paragraph id="6F3D1A0CAB3C3381AE46115584FFD1B5">
|
||||
<heading id="AB8B6D3488425FF96C21D45B9FB3931F" reason="title">Etymology.</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="B667C6F1A37754F58978E0E1BB0BA8D9">
|
||||
The specific name of the new species is derived to honor three doctors with the last name Nguyen: Dr. Phung Huu Nguyen, Huong Khac Nguyen, and Thi Nhat Nguyen for their contributions to marine fish taxonomy in
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="0EC18312C847507D9CA90AACCD0A1624" name="Vietnam">Viet Nam</collectingCountry>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="SECID0EZYBG" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph id="E0ABBE6F181B13A110753DE402DB3ADA">
|
||||
<heading id="1C606A907E57ADC04E9C98C0BBD58297" reason="title">Distribution.</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="C754189EEA14818B5727240BFD8CB31C">
|
||||
Only known from the
|
||||
<typeStatus id="1D470F1778988DA18ED8CAACE98A26F7">type</typeStatus>
|
||||
series collected from Mekong coastal region, southeast coast of
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="487A401AAE21F03465357E2746D95582" name="Vietnam">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
|
||||
by bottom trawls. The depth range is estimated to be
|
||||
<quantity id="24312BEDE9FBE336709D53AE0278EBDF" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" unit="m" value="15.0" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="10.0">
|
||||
10–
|
||||
<specimenCount id="E7E011E0567854ECD2EF68EAFC54E4F4" count="20" type="generic">20 m.</specimenCount>
|
||||
</quantity>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="SECID0E5YBG" type="comparisons">
|
||||
<paragraph id="15BE2DCBBC25C48B176C608907D85ADE">
|
||||
<heading id="D6F98D4C9B90782D92AAACB355BDF91C" reason="title">Comparisons.</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="95E6BF90E70E44BC671E5DD4B53AE899">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C941598BE1D3B15C647E9A6E99CABAC3" authorityName="Vo & Hibino & Ho & Le & Seah" authorityYear="2025" family="Ophichthidae" genus="Ophichthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nguyenorum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BA5E634287298F507C877F1CC32E71A5" italics="true">Ophichthus nguyenorum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="3210E30FCDCA43594A2AA8C2F7AF508D" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
is different from most congeners belonging to the species group with elongate and extremely elongate bodies. Selected characters for comparing these species are listed in Table
|
||||
<tableCitation id="A8C96EA95F82C4FF362030F59D2384B5" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="T2" captionText="Table 2. Selected morphological and meristic characteristics of eight elongate Ophichthus species. Data source: 1. This study; 2. Mishra et al. 2019; 3. Kodeeswaran et al. 2023; 4. McCosker 2010; 5. Lee and Asano 1997." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/1ED6C1F0F0A50100C9F749DD9FBE297B" tableUuid="1ED6C1F0F0A50100C9F749DD9FBE297B">2</tableCitation>
|
||||
. Compared to those species, it has a distinct total vertebral count range 190–196, which differs from
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="AC44010AD38887A0116FF79BD7420DB7" authorityName="Vo & Hibino & Ho & Le & Seah" authorityYear="2025" family="Ophichthidae" genus="Ophichthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cuulongensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="76F006288AB25E3C190BD17EA9CDBF64" italics="true">Ophichthus cuulongensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="86B67DBFBA6DD94C35522EE7635EB014" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
(199–207),
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="FA42378FE61EBF768754738710405678" authorityName="McCosker" authorityYear="2010" family="Ophichthidae" genus="Ophichthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="congroides">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4FD0EBB383FA6402C130A51C39989A9E" italics="true">O. congroides</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(204–208),
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="EAC3A530607E3010D2F0B1D5A9FA23A0" authorityName="Day" authorityYear="1878" family="Ophichthidae" genus="Ophichthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microcephalus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B27D9C0D787598C7D17414DE81EFE91F" italics="true">O. microcephalus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(214),
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A01A12D4FD9F1FE3BD5E262B624D8597" family="Ophichthidae" genus="Ophichthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rotundus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C09CBCCF765596F23AA1F0E465944925" italics="true">O. rotundus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(178–184). Moreover, the new species differs from
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="53D1572C4B3CF16106B17570DC6DBE54" authorityName="McCosker" authorityYear="2010" family="Ophichthidae" genus="Ophichthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="congroides">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7507C24EA43664A43FB8C473C1709DFF" italics="true">O. congroides</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="7E7823133BCA118D19D12CC6C6B70903" authorityName="Chaudhuri" authorityYear="1916" family="Ophichthidae" genus="Ophichthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chilkensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="3E57507148E383EE15347CEECBEBE964" italics="true">O. chilkensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57FD4A51AB4A42BDB7A849ACB818846F" baseAuthorityName="Bleeker" baseAuthorityYear="1853" family="Ophichthidae" genus="Ophichthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macrochir">
|
||||
<emphasis id="822B148BCCE00DA5D569E303C41C9FF2" italics="true">O. macrochir</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
in having fewer supraorbital pores (4 = 1 + 3, vs 5 = 1 + 4).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="EDCC7F1749C48D0AF329E20C6B57A98D">
|
||||
Although
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="30C4F647E5DC062676D0ADE00787B07C" authorityName="Vo & Hibino & Ho & Le & Seah" authorityYear="2025" family="Ophichthidae" genus="Ophichthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nguyenorum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DC7099653436CD496640F97004456AAC" italics="true">Ophichthus nguyenorum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="5B747937EDFD465AAB5EE836FB703CF4" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
is most similar to
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="0519F466DFA32AF2570D3A606B71D31B" baseAuthorityName="Bleeker" baseAuthorityYear="1852" family="Ophichthidae" genus="Ophichthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rutidoderma">
|
||||
<emphasis id="EC0E238FFDDAF4C817BABC5CC4F1BB1D" italics="true">O. rutidoderma</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, both sharing a short head, relatively long tail, body depth at anus, and pores on head and lateral line; it can be distinguished from the latter species by its body uniformly dark and less body depth (
|
||||
<quantity id="C43FF5F79B46CF4ACD255548AF764FB7" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6586199999999998" metricValueMax="1.7475199999999997" metricValueMin="1.56972" unit="in" value="65.3" valueMax="68.8" valueMin="61.8">61.8–68.8 in</quantity>
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EY3BG" xlink_title="Total lengths">TL</abbrev>
|
||||
, vs
|
||||
<quantity id="9185A879AB95D1D9B0358D4C69255C00" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.21158" metricValueMax="1.42748" metricValueMin="0.99568" unit="in" value="47.7" valueMax="56.2" valueMin="39.2">39.2–56.2 in</quantity>
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0E33BG" xlink_title="Total lengths">TL</abbrev>
|
||||
), count of protrusions (generally 1 vs 2) and fewer total vertebrae (190–196 vs 195–199).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="82D356698710172A05449BF2B3079871">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C9ECFE155482A85EC91E7F69E499DA1" authorityName="Vo & Hibino & Ho & Le & Seah" authorityYear="2025" family="Ophichthidae" genus="Ophichthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nguyenorum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="68F53EB60CE4B30ADA8DF3AE107B90D1" italics="true">Ophichthus nguyenorum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="5A08A0815420F90F7DA938539DBFA0E4" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
is also similar to
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="EFDFEE28501941490EFF290CE81D2A76" authorityName="Chaudhuri" authorityYear="1916" family="Ophichthidae" genus="Ophichthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chilkensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="FAE11D9F36C8885431766099293FAE5A" italics="true">O. chilkensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="7740F4F955D1DAA230EF84AA0DCA5035" baseAuthorityName="Bleeker" baseAuthorityYear="1853" family="Ophichthidae" genus="Ophichthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macrochir">
|
||||
<emphasis id="23F93BD5D26D9F23FA6344939C1EF318" italics="true">O. macrochir</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, sharing a short head, relatively long tail, and its anus situated at the front of total length, preopercular mandibular pores and numerous longitudinal wrinkles on the body, but it can be separated from the two species by its
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0ED5BG" xlink_title="Mean vertebral formula">MVF</abbrev>
|
||||
15-62 - 192 (vs 11-69 - 210 and 12-69 - 214, respectively), fewer total vertebrae (190–196, vs 206–214 and 207–221, respectively), shorter upper-jaw length (
|
||||
<quantity id="BE26F575DA0C0E2A29ECF21361C29149" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0287" metricValueMax="1.0921999999999998" metricValueMin="0.9652" unit="in" value="4.05" valueMax="4.3" valueMin="3.8">3.8–4.3 in</quantity>
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EH5BG" xlink_title="head lengths">HL</abbrev>
|
||||
, vs 3.2–3.8 and
|
||||
<quantity id="7677AC8BE1EE76B95E33CC94838DC3D9" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.62" metricValueMax="9.144" metricValueMin="6.096" unit="in" value="3.0" valueMax="3.6" valueMin="2.4">2.4–3.6 in</quantity>
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EL5BG" xlink_title="head lengths">HL</abbrev>
|
||||
, respectively), and
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EP5BG" xlink_title="Dorsal-fin origin">DFO</abbrev>
|
||||
behind the pectoral-fin tip (vs above tip of the fin).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="CECD77AD8A0AABAC92D804BB3AE18C17" authorityName="Vo & Hibino & Ho & Le & Seah" authorityYear="2025" family="Ophichthidae" genus="Ophichthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nguyenorum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="34C7E80674C911B5F8758201452982AC" italics="true">Ophichthus nguyenorum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="EB6F004A83A7E6686312A195B74C2AA6" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
also can be separated from
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="BC9A0D5311FBBE01B9E72EEF18E38AB2" authorityName="McCosker" authorityYear="2010" family="Ophichthidae" genus="Ophichthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="congroides">
|
||||
<emphasis id="576D27D86256BBC64037268B0DBE4DB9" italics="true">O. congroides</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
in having fewer lateral-line pores before anus (62–64 vs 78) and a shorter head length (5.4–6.2 %
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EJ6BG" xlink_title="Total lengths">TL</abbrev>
|
||||
vs 8.3–8.4 %
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EN6BG" xlink_title="Total lengths">TL</abbrev>
|
||||
), a shorter snout length (
|
||||
<quantity id="E2EFCB39EFC071BA5454632E8EF32BCF" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6382999999999999" metricValueMax="1.7271999999999998" metricValueMin="1.5493999999999999" unit="in" value="6.449999999999999" valueMax="6.8" valueMin="6.1">6.1–6.8 in</quantity>
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0ER6BG" xlink_title="head lengths">HL</abbrev>
|
||||
, vs
|
||||
<quantity id="E3CFDA6A722E1804F55EEDBD90E26569" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.27" metricValueMax="1.2953999999999999" metricValueMin="1.2446" unit="in" value="5.0" valueMax="5.1" valueMin="4.9">4.9–5.1 in</quantity>
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EV6BG" xlink_title="head lengths">HL</abbrev>
|
||||
), a shorter upper-jaw length (
|
||||
<quantity id="51FB36B801BCEBA8A15F4210A8BFA6E1" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.636" metricValueMax="9.144" metricValueMin="8.128" unit="in" value="3.4" valueMax="3.6" valueMin="3.2">3.2–3.6 in</quantity>
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EZ6BG" xlink_title="head lengths">HL</abbrev>
|
||||
, vs
|
||||
<quantity id="D8571F2F9D02F585D7D22A7206E5EBA6" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.842" unit="in" value="2.3">2.3 in</quantity>
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0E46BG" xlink_title="head lengths">HL</abbrev>
|
||||
), and different
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0ECAAI" xlink_title="Mean vertebral formula">MVF</abbrev>
|
||||
(15-62 - 192 vs 21-76 - 206).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="SECID0EGAAI" type="remarks">
|
||||
<paragraph id="747150C64FE6D94452224F7D03DE56C8">
|
||||
<heading id="4A303220D52E1CD9EA34E0D1E48E1935" reason="title">Remarks.</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="34343DC9F8060699D2878F6CC6AA1F74">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="316C5BE16EFE67B447A782A1466AA382" authorityName="Vo & Hibino & Ho & Le & Seah" authorityYear="2025" family="Ophichthidae" genus="Ophichthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nguyenorum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="30E18856DEC034F0E9C5D6677C672B38" italics="true">Ophichthus nguyenorum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F27B8A928375DC1EF07054DE7FE75561" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
has some characteristics, such as body coloration, tooth arrangement, and the shape of protrusions, which may be caused by ontogenetical changes. In small sizes, the body is dark grey dorsally and pale brown ventrally; the anal fin is pale brown anteriorly in a larger
|
||||
<typeStatus id="A5A7EF587AE582B04A31EE6C34B6EABB" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||||
. The vomerine teeth are arranged in biserial rows, and the upper jaw also has biserial rows posteriorly in some specimens. The protrusions are usually two; however, the posterior one can degenerate or become very small on the side lip.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
332
data/63/27/6A/63276A58F4015F39988B8225248F17B5.xml
Normal file
332
data/63/27/6A/63276A58F4015F39988B8225248F17B5.xml
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,332 @@
|
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<document id="2EFBC0AEFDCF2290F4E526D72B84D4E4" ID-DOI="10.3897/zookeys.1231.142729" ID-ZooBank="3848521C-41B0-4D10-9130-2E4227A27484" ID-publisher-id="142729" URI-arpha="5745BC4F-E4D4-5267-922C-693992A4037F" URI-zoobank="http://zoobank.org/3848521C-41B0-4D10-9130-2E4227A27484" article-type="research-article" checkinTime="1741890239035" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Xiao, Yunlu & Xiao, Ning" docDate="2025" docId="63276A58F4015F39988B8225248F17B5" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1231: 347-370" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1231" docSource="https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/142729/download/xml/" docStyle="DocumentStyle:PensoftTaxPub.0000.journal_article.generic" docStyleName="PensoftTaxPub.0000.journal_article.generic" docTitle="Amphigymnas ganquani Xiao & Xiao, 2025, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" dtd-version="3.0" lastPageNumber="370" masterDocId="5745BC4FE4D45267922C693992A4037F" masterDocTitle="Description of four new synallactid species (Holothuroidea, Synallactida, Synallactidae) from the tropical Western Pacific Ocean" masterLastPageNumber="370" masterPageNumber="347" pageNumber="347" updateTime="1741890747897" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="5F3C7895692660F5F0945FDD89CBB813" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="E16F9FC07018469B3782CB67926E2808">
|
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<mods:title id="D7EAFF67AD3E01AD2F5669754421D273">Description of four new synallactid species (Holothuroidea, Synallactida, Synallactidae) from the tropical Western Pacific Ocean</mods:title>
|
||||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:name id="56D631C0A3A67E457072D90D4D33E9A7" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="D79B25C1D20F9E3337C7CBD2853780EA">
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<mods:roleTerm id="72C88F6E5AF18873C955631533795908">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="06F50F577A1286CF9EF81F8CE54D236B">Xiao, Yunlu</mods:namePart>
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||||
<mods:nameIdentifier id="0F50E2FB96A661A15F4F480F513C0F23" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9787-033X</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation id="D0BF9F2EDF448ABA80C90F0B8679A8A1">Department of Marine Organism Taxonomy and Phylogeny, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China & Institute of Deep-sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya 572000, China & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China</mods:affiliation>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:name id="B0CFCCBC032AB1D12D32499C7245B227" type="personal">
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|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="907712408BFCBDAB1F943749BB79736D">Xiao, Ning</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation id="E9987BA8BDAE7474059B6E46469437DF">Department of Marine Organism Taxonomy and Phylogeny, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China & Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="A6B52D6564367D87ED643DAFDEACB3D0">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="F8EC54BEB2A771726F88DC4618BEF2F0">ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="765E70406DB92DED0BAFEA4338A38A1F">
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<mods:date id="BDA40D43FD8F0BE444D31D5F9D7414AB">2025</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="D8A8CE1E56CC99D3633398C287191CC3" type="pubDate">
|
||||
<mods:number id="7DC1D29F3D3A4AD5DCFCF6E31B904197">2025-03-13</mods:number>
|
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</mods:detail>
|
||||
<mods:detail id="1E8727224537D5B35B113DAC0DA08D17" type="volume">
|
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<mods:number id="536E3335B3D3F9A2E5138A409489D55D">1231</mods:number>
|
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<mods:classification id="5DB66FED3524D8C7A48AC5C2A8C43F90">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="5B3DDDFD7C48DC3FAA2CEB5F3D13287C" type="ZooBank">3848521C-41B0-4D10-9130-2E4227A27484</mods:identifier>
|
||||
</mods:mods>
|
||||
<treatment id="63276A58F4015F39988B8225248F17B5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15021499" ID-Zenodo-Dep="15021499" ID-arpha="63276A58-F401-5F39-988B-8225248F17B5" ID-zoobank="https://zoobank.org/B0A06953-CB2A-41AD-97D2-295D92330F52" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:63276A58F4015F39988B8225248F17B5" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:B0A06953-CB2A-41AD-97D2-295D92330F52" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/63276A58F4015F39988B8225248F17B5">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="43D11C329A6D4C8C1CC236377DB0B27A" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph id="D6D3A43F99D2FE808D6A59F2021A5F72">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="00DEDFAAF0119963E74053107D77A0E9" authorityName="Xiao & Xiao" authorityYear="2025" class="Holothuroidea" family="Synallactidae" genus="Amphigymnas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Synallactida" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="ganquani" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="91733C209201C7E3ED514C2852656779" italics="true">Amphigymnas ganquani</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="FF8245ADFA4AD038C6FC4013AE4D26FD" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="2E8D6B88C69463E071EB07C6D3F4B82A" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="7D35EDC5A665D0E7ED7E6F7F7A6D2E34">
|
||||
<figureCitation id="85CEEAC145AA317F3DB7065604CF3B96" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Amphigymnas ganquani sp. nov. holotype: MBM 286926 A, B in situ images C holotype after fixation D tentacles. Scale bars: 1 cm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1231.142729.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1279844">Figs 9</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="10D8C54520C44E2715231FC2A9E15D2C" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. SEM images of Amphigymnas ganquani sp. nov. holotype: MBM 286926. Ossicles from A – J dorsal body wall K – X dorsal and lateral papillae. Scale bar: 100 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1231.142729.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1279845">10</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="7FE59C468EEA948D6AD0611D189CADB3" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. SEM images of Amphigymnas ganquani sp. nov. holotype: MBM 286926. Ossicles from A ventral body wall B tentacles C – G tube feet. Scale bars: 100 μm (A, E – G); 300 μm (B – D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1231.142729.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1279846">11</figureCitation>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="SECID0EPYAG" type="material">
|
||||
<paragraph id="2834BF8E2D3FF15C14F4BDD854DCA3B6">
|
||||
<heading id="4713B519326E218FA0DC2BBFAD9CCD8D" reason="title">Material examined.</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="F0A884DEAEC6203082899A5AEBF53265">
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="B4A30DECEB2684247655396C0477F0EA" collectingDate="2018-05-12" collectionCode="CN" elevation="1350" location="West Pacific" municipality="Ganquan Plateau" specimenCode="MBM 286926" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||||
<emphasis id="78516FCB75A0628421950EB833DAE746" bold="true" italics="true">
|
||||
<typeStatus id="15609FCB38E8EC836E2EAED5A8AE9284" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
•
|
||||
<location id="41617A45B7D3EC3023FF72CD3D776453" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:63276A58F4015F39988B8225248F17B5:41617A45B7D3EC3023FF72CD3D776453" municipality="Ganquan Plateau" name="West Pacific">West Pacific</location>
|
||||
, the
|
||||
<collectingMunicipality id="FB9C56D4122C889126922DCC9E91F6A4">Ganquan Plateau</collectingMunicipality>
|
||||
in the
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0E1YAG" xlink_title="South China Sea">SCS</abbrev>
|
||||
, depth
|
||||
<quantity id="8806642E546BA876E2CD81E865AE9C9D" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" unit="m" value="1350.0">
|
||||
<elevation id="DEA135DEC08ED807FC54CC2839B09BF6" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" unit="m" value="1350.0">1350 m</elevation>
|
||||
</quantity>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="B5D6061255076EB1D234933328EA6AF3" value="2018-05-12">
|
||||
<collectingDate id="0B583E93D860ABA5661FCF0059403A7B" value="2018-05-12">12 May 2018</collectingDate>
|
||||
</date>
|
||||
, preserved in 95 % ethanol,
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0E5YAG" xlink_title="collection number">
|
||||
<collectionCode id="85C963889672A070585D28568CDA08C6" country="United Kingdom" name="Wellcome Collection of Bacteria, Burroughs Wellcome Research Laboratories">CN</collectionCode>
|
||||
</abbrev>
|
||||
: GQHT-SY- 066-12,
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0ECZAG" xlink_title="registration number">RN</abbrev>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<specimenCode id="D5E814A6B424A7E2897EABAC539F92A9" collectionCode="MBM" country="0" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/fc7c-p25f" name="San Jose State University, Museum of Birds and Mammals" type="">MBM 286926</specimenCode>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="SECID0EGZAG" type="diagnosis">
|
||||
<paragraph id="0BC1F0A5EFE89AF270B35C781E32CDC6">
|
||||
<heading id="828AB2F58B5F96EB7F4DBC83D42A817C" reason="title">Diagnosis.</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="19436F49C05B81B6132D87271B837E74">Body elongated, cylindrical, gradually tapering at both ends. Color yellowish white. Skin fragile, glass-like. Mouth ventral, oral disc with front-suspended dorsal papillae, anus terminal. Peltate tentacles 20. Dorsal papillae arranged in two rows along each dorsal ambulacrum. Ventrolateral papillae arranged in a single row. Ventrolateral tube feet arranged in a single row on each side. Midventral ambulacrum placed in alternate two rows. Dorsal body wall tables with short or high 4 - pillared spires and 0–2 transverse beams. Papillae tables and widened midrods, tables with higher spires, four or more usually fused pillars, and three or four transverse beams. Ventral body wall with smaller tables, spires truncate, without transverse beams. Tube feet tables with truncate and high pillars. Tentacles support rods.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="SECID0ELZAG" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="BAC4E667B63B4887CCA3306AFF9C5BF5">
|
||||
<heading id="84835199C3A6AA9791C21E372025B5E7" reason="title">Description.</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="675125B02AA8488DA50364045B70C4E4">
|
||||
Body long and cylindrical, slightly slender at both ends (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation id="75F1B0D2B9C683D2BB5A27DD50A87BF5" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Amphigymnas ganquani sp. nov. holotype: MBM 286926 A, B in situ images C holotype after fixation D tentacles. Scale bars: 1 cm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1231.142729.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1279844">9 A, B</figureCitation>
|
||||
), ventral flattened. Body
|
||||
<quantity id="927467531A50441956375C3CDE490D8E" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" unit="cm" value="28.0">28 cm</quantity>
|
||||
long,
|
||||
<quantity id="185A4E35111CC22702A898AC83FF22D9" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" unit="cm" value="2.5">2.5 cm</quantity>
|
||||
wide mid-body before fixation (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation id="01C9A3BD9745DCD25FB145B382704361" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Amphigymnas ganquani sp. nov. holotype: MBM 286926 A, B in situ images C holotype after fixation D tentacles. Scale bars: 1 cm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1231.142729.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1279844">9 C</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Color yellowish white, body wall thin, calcareous, and fragile. Mouth ventral, anteriorly overhung by a few dorsal papillae (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation id="6783B84B2EB5D070E8E533B04565CABC" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Amphigymnas ganquani sp. nov. holotype: MBM 286926 A, B in situ images C holotype after fixation D tentacles. Scale bars: 1 cm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1231.142729.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1279844">9 C, D</figureCitation>
|
||||
), anus terminal. Peltate tentacles 20, measuring
|
||||
<quantity id="999C4EECBC7828A0DBC1DAF833E038BC" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.75" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.5" unit="cm" value="0.275" valueMax="0.3" valueMin="0.25">0.25–0.3 cm</quantity>
|
||||
in diameter after fixation (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation id="52838F50EC2A8623D0419539DBC6DF9B" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Amphigymnas ganquani sp. nov. holotype: MBM 286926 A, B in situ images C holotype after fixation D tentacles. Scale bars: 1 cm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1231.142729.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1279844">9 D</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Two paired conical papillae placed in a single series on each dorsal radius (four rows across dorsally), each up to
|
||||
<quantity id="35F8C36936D49E785EB224EC518C90CF" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="cm" value="1.0">1 cm</quantity>
|
||||
long after fixation. Ventrolateral papillae arranged in a single row, ~ 22 on each body side, up to
|
||||
<quantity id="E1619055E31277048AE0ACC5398DA15A" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" unit="cm" value="1.5">1.5 cm</quantity>
|
||||
long after fixation. Irregular tube feet relatively large and placed in single rows on ventrolateral radii, ~
|
||||
<quantity id="F38E81CB88203890F14FFFC7C3E8FD7E" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.524" unit="in" value="60.0">60 in</quantity>
|
||||
each row. Midventral tube feet small, placed in alternate two rows, ~
|
||||
<quantity id="7C86AF85D1E1C22BA70A1F3BE81DC7A6" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.032" unit="in" value="80.0">80 in</quantity>
|
||||
each row. Longitudinal muscles undivided, tentacle ampullae absent, and gonads arranged in clusters.
|
||||
<emphasis id="698AD22A0D15EE28469C262D33BA9158" bold="true">
|
||||
<emphasis id="34CC11C96C030B8B36E22D2838F65568" bold="true" italics="true">Ossicles</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
Dorsal body wall tables (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation id="54111657A9F60E7CDFEDFCF556E60F13" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. SEM images of Amphigymnas ganquani sp. nov. holotype: MBM 286926. Ossicles from A – J dorsal body wall K – X dorsal and lateral papillae. Scale bar: 100 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1231.142729.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1279845">10 A – J</figureCitation>
|
||||
), discs perforated plates, edges usually incomplete, 220–370 μm across, with numerous perforations of similar size, spires with four pillars (mainly) or more pillars (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation id="9AC7B583F02FF2E5A7BFD87A6C5B207E" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. SEM images of Amphigymnas ganquani sp. nov. holotype: MBM 286926. Ossicles from A – J dorsal body wall K – X dorsal and lateral papillae. Scale bar: 100 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1231.142729.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1279845">10 G, H, J</figureCitation>
|
||||
), short or relatively high, lacking or possessing one (rarely) or two transverse beams. Short pillars lacking or with one beam, ~ 50–80 μm in length (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1CC33EF29D58F0171D2C51F94C3CD388" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. SEM images of Amphigymnas ganquani sp. nov. holotype: MBM 286926. Ossicles from A – J dorsal body wall K – X dorsal and lateral papillae. Scale bar: 100 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1231.142729.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1279845">10 A – C, F – J</figureCitation>
|
||||
), relatively high pillars with two beams, 100–120 μm in length (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation id="DF8655FCFB88F6A5738BA28CFC1A5CCD" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. SEM images of Amphigymnas ganquani sp. nov. holotype: MBM 286926. Ossicles from A – J dorsal body wall K – X dorsal and lateral papillae. Scale bar: 100 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1231.142729.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1279845">10 D, E</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Spires of tables in dorsal and lateral papillae possessing much higher and firmer spires (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation id="5278FCF450A0A694E0438483CE75277E" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. SEM images of Amphigymnas ganquani sp. nov. holotype: MBM 286926. Ossicles from A – J dorsal body wall K – X dorsal and lateral papillae. Scale bar: 100 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1231.142729.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1279845">10 K – W</figureCitation>
|
||||
) than those in dorsal body wall, discs up to 400 μm across, with four large central perforations and many small outer perforations, four or more pillars, up to 150 μm in length, usually fused, making the number of transverse beams uncertain, some spires of tables possibly possessing 3–4 transverse beams; widened midrods in papillae up to 600 μm long, with marginal projections (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation id="8243114AA1A4446D537711B069BB1ED2" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. SEM images of Amphigymnas ganquani sp. nov. holotype: MBM 286926. Ossicles from A – J dorsal body wall K – X dorsal and lateral papillae. Scale bar: 100 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1231.142729.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1279845">10 X</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Ventral body wall with smaller tables (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation id="A4453E1E63CA03F0004F258552947C2E" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. SEM images of Amphigymnas ganquani sp. nov. holotype: MBM 286926. Ossicles from A ventral body wall B tentacles C – G tube feet. Scale bars: 100 μm (A, E – G); 300 μm (B – D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1231.142729.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1279846">11 A</figureCitation>
|
||||
), discs 144–267 μm across, edges more complete and smooth, spires truncate, without transverse beams. Tentacles predominantly rods, curved, bearing irregular marginal projections, up to 803 μm long (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation id="8FEB61B9177A30B04059746F81243C99" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. SEM images of Amphigymnas ganquani sp. nov. holotype: MBM 286926. Ossicles from A ventral body wall B tentacles C – G tube feet. Scale bars: 100 μm (A, E – G); 300 μm (B – D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1231.142729.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1279846">11 B</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Tube feet support rods straight to curved, widened midrods bearing irregular marginal projections, some placing through the entire length (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation id="7B0F01AE4A66087FEFE77EF32FF5E0A9" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. SEM images of Amphigymnas ganquani sp. nov. holotype: MBM 286926. Ossicles from A ventral body wall B tentacles C – G tube feet. Scale bars: 100 μm (A, E – G); 300 μm (B – D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1231.142729.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1279846">11 C – E</figureCitation>
|
||||
); tables with truncate pillars (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation id="AEC708D700987EEDBBE95D8A8C89B78E" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. SEM images of Amphigymnas ganquani sp. nov. holotype: MBM 286926. Ossicles from A ventral body wall B tentacles C – G tube feet. Scale bars: 100 μm (A, E – G); 300 μm (B – D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1231.142729.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1279846">11 F</figureCitation>
|
||||
), without transverse beams; tables with high pillars, possessing four beams (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation id="293D46FFCAF38741B282FDB984912768" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. SEM images of Amphigymnas ganquani sp. nov. holotype: MBM 286926. Ossicles from A ventral body wall B tentacles C – G tube feet. Scale bars: 100 μm (A, E – G); 300 μm (B – D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1231.142729.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1279846">11 G</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="303A49AD639C377247D728DCC39FB250" ID-DOI="10.3897/zookeys.1231.142729.figure9" ID-arpha="F62A87F7-8353-5F0F-9A02-02C58684B319" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1279844" startId="F9">
|
||||
<paragraph id="6C1767F430EFA3B5139976D8A6A810B8">
|
||||
<label id="525CB244FE3CDBB1874ECFA87BB39543">Figure 9.</label>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="B5E6CFEEE5AA3EC306281057473EDEDC">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B41089860627BA163AB998C3C7A85253" authorityName="Xiao & Xiao" authorityYear="2025" class="Holothuroidea" family="Synallactidae" genus="Amphigymnas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Synallactida" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="ganquani" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="06A0DBF29D5C8A0249457F437411F6E8" italics="true">Amphigymnas ganquani</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="20FC13EBA2BAC04125DBC85AE41BBC2A" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
holotype: MBM 286926
|
||||
<emphasis id="55EE2C44BD92678562BC46DA546E38EF" bold="true">A, B</emphasis>
|
||||
in situ images
|
||||
<emphasis id="10BFBD4B06227EEE209D0B7068AE5D7D" bold="true">C</emphasis>
|
||||
holotype after fixation
|
||||
<emphasis id="B2040E3FD578141E4303FC8D4F33E1F0" bold="true">D</emphasis>
|
||||
tentacles. Scale bars: 1 cm.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<caption id="0DD42613F458DF0CAE63D6F8B152EF30" ID-DOI="10.3897/zookeys.1231.142729.figure10" ID-arpha="F7607EDF-0A7B-5B92-9BCD-BE3D7CA7FE91" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1279845" startId="F10">
|
||||
<paragraph id="4390FA4A17D71B94353A475A07B6855E">
|
||||
<label id="964991F533A700728CD62F7E75020B64">Figure 10.</label>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="D10B2A070F627A2F1320B3F18863BD4F">
|
||||
<abbrev content-type="institution" id="ABBRID0E33AG" xlink_title="scanning electron microscope">SEM</abbrev>
|
||||
images of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="8DC2BF0B7D9E48B87419C1E58515A837" authorityName="Xiao & Xiao" authorityYear="2025" class="Holothuroidea" family="Synallactidae" genus="Amphigymnas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Synallactida" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="ganquani" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="184D1A718400486BC98861D20D4251D6" italics="true">Amphigymnas ganquani</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="30C1B97D746C4D4583FBBFEAEC4C142D" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
holotype: MBM 286926. Ossicles from
|
||||
<emphasis id="4E37254B65853F4DFFC5818DB2417EB8" bold="true">A – J</emphasis>
|
||||
dorsal body wall
|
||||
<emphasis id="0E9FD692EDD3ED1A018D85BAEDC76E72" bold="true">K – X</emphasis>
|
||||
dorsal and lateral papillae. Scale bar: 100 μm.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<caption id="41F02C089189D8EEF1CD42A389183778" ID-DOI="10.3897/zookeys.1231.142729.figure11" ID-arpha="846BC823-AA54-5B94-B8F8-7F69AEF18CD5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1279846" startId="F11">
|
||||
<paragraph id="D913260490297083B1DCB4C2607E3425">
|
||||
<label id="58302F255BFE8DEFA301929A12B3C0AD">Figure 11.</label>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="E1100E21B286BD43E99FAF50F34FF5D3">
|
||||
<abbrev content-type="institution" id="ABBRID0ED5AG" xlink_title="scanning electron microscope">SEM</abbrev>
|
||||
images of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2EDFD5C262A16F7DD9831432D424078C" authorityName="Xiao & Xiao" authorityYear="2025" class="Holothuroidea" family="Synallactidae" genus="Amphigymnas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Synallactida" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="ganquani" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B5291547D1131D73060B8B4809AFB32F" italics="true">Amphigymnas ganquani</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="68CDA1AC19DAD007DE3B0194E27D7B5F" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
holotype: MBM 286926. Ossicles from
|
||||
<emphasis id="50970CE6937F7B538EE9448108D11C56" bold="true">A</emphasis>
|
||||
ventral body wall
|
||||
<emphasis id="ACE0346C6CF923449BEEE1FCDFBD8F94" bold="true">B</emphasis>
|
||||
tentacles
|
||||
<emphasis id="8E52EA672549E7629865346076B7C3EB" bold="true">C – G</emphasis>
|
||||
tube feet. Scale bars: 100 μm (
|
||||
<emphasis id="158FB308DB9AE7C6928AA4EDE04C3005" bold="true">A</emphasis>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<emphasis id="0BAB5C859CAB0665944D7FB1757B94BE" bold="true">E – G</emphasis>
|
||||
); 300 μm (
|
||||
<emphasis id="9CA31B70E3FE6496C79E598A8885C5BF" bold="true">B – D</emphasis>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="SECID0EK6AG" type="type locality">
|
||||
<paragraph id="5D5095C9CB21EA5D9283B7EF0D326019">
|
||||
<heading id="AB3785D13F185C937BDED74B5B3426C6" reason="title">Type locality.</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="813421AE3A3E81ECA7FD6C4778FECF59">
|
||||
The Ganquan Plateau in the South
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="E14FCD884FBE1F8A219BD7931837BACA" name="China">China</collectingCountry>
|
||||
Sea, tropical Western Pacific, depth
|
||||
<quantity id="3BE4F83416219F4C3276921C4C99FB99" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" unit="m" value="1350.0">1350 m</quantity>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="SECID0EP6AG" type="etymology">
|
||||
<paragraph id="2964FDDE77A3172F60FF650A04416EA8">
|
||||
<heading id="94D40C3672DEE479A61525C652788914" reason="title">Etymology.</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="B974944EBD6324987599B61BC1D95C2E">
|
||||
The specific name refers to the Ganquan Plateau, where the
|
||||
<typeStatus id="B69883968AF006FF6C2A57CEB64DCA13" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
was sampled.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="SECID0EU6AG" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph id="98D127CE60B758B0F65397285D4301FE">
|
||||
<heading id="6240A922F441E155CE8F7E5116458846" reason="title">Distribution.</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="3655BA548E9276A4B14E2501F5ECA408">
|
||||
Currently known from the
|
||||
<typeStatus id="3269D58C9894AC596CC96D2101B78ADD">type</typeStatus>
|
||||
locality.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="SECID0EZ6AG" type="remarks">
|
||||
<paragraph id="4397BD8998A10DB640DF36782D2230EA">
|
||||
<heading id="C2341524C6AAD602C676A35A61296778" reason="title">Remarks.</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="81BB7710006224CCD85B9ACA1013F7AF">
|
||||
The new species belongs to
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="31DFC6D82987E09433524FFDEB2ADC0F" authority="Walsh, 1891" authorityName="Walsh" authorityYear="1891" class="Holothuroidea" family="Synallactidae" genus="Amphigymnas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Synallactida" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4DA2E2454FB6869D7A44F300E20609BC" italics="true">Amphigymnas</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="0A0E31BFEDF3763F58D56FF4EBA055D6" author="Walsh JHT" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal" pagination="197-204" refId="B36" refString="Walsh JHT (1891) List of deep-sea holothurians collected during seasons 1887 to 1891, with description of new species. Natural History Notes from HM. Indian Survey Steamer INVESTIGATOR, Commander RF. Hoskyn, RN. commanding. No. 24. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 60: 197-204." title="List of deep-sea holothurians collected during seasons 1887 to 1891, with description of new species. Natural History Notes from HM. Indian Survey Steamer INVESTIGATOR, Commander RF. Hoskyn, RN. commanding. No. 24." volume="60" year="1891">Walsh, 1891</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, characterized by the glass-like body wall formed by numerous large tables, large conical papillae on the dorsal and ventrolateral radii, and a midventral row of small tube feet filled with many support rods.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="03D2DB305FC4FA196981091D262DFFB6">
|
||||
The new species differs from the
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="142B13C309D5695DBF6C2DA7446B888A" authority="Deichmann, 1930" authorityName="Deichmann" authorityYear="1930" class="Holothuroidea" family="Synallactidae" genus="Amphigymnas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Synallactida" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="bahamensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="8C7C88971FBBDBF7F64047DA3F99E629" italics="true">A. bahamensis</emphasis>
|
||||
Deichmann, 1930
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
by the arrangement of ventral tube feet and the number of pillars of dorsal tables. Dorsal tables in the new species have at least four pillars, whereas those of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="1A264B486A06714076F747F13694B098" authorityName="Deichmann" authorityYear="1930" class="Holothuroidea" family="Synallactidae" genus="Amphigymnas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Synallactida" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="bahamensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="0B5654817178B4A360E4449104FFFAA3" italics="true">A. bahamensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
have rare 3 - pillared truncate spires. Additionally, the ventral tube feet in the new species are arranged along both the ventrolateral and midventral radii, while those in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="5992E3271B50E507AF7B7D614DFE32FE" authorityName="Deichmann" authorityYear="1930" class="Holothuroidea" family="Synallactidae" genus="Amphigymnas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Synallactida" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="bahamensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B0D426687918B6EC7844A02E424D9B7C" italics="true">A. bahamensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
are restricted to the midventral radius. The external morphological differences between the new species and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2A9F88EF7E168A9FE703E248012FAF18" baseAuthorityName="Walsh" baseAuthorityYear="1891" class="Holothuroidea" family="Synallactidae" genus="Amphigymnas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Synallactida" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="woodmasoni">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BEE6312F311EB026A6D04A593E605847" italics="true">Amphigymnas woodmasoni</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
are slight. However, the new species can be distinguished primarily by ossicle features: Tables in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4073DBE89C4AC7814F323F632B25BB58" baseAuthorityName="Walsh" baseAuthorityYear="1891" class="Holothuroidea" family="Synallactidae" genus="Amphigymnas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Synallactida" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="woodmasoni">
|
||||
<emphasis id="3E1BDD4EB90D8C17BC6BC774BD3B2267" italics="true">A. woodmasoni</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
have four large central perforations surrounded by many smaller peripheral holes, and the spires of tables are usually rather primitive and reduced to four spines (without forming pillars) on the body walls and papillae. In contrast, the spires of tables on body walls and papillae in the new species are relatively high and often exhibit four or more pillars, rather than being reduced to spines. Notably, in the papillae they can reach heights of up to 150 μm. In comparison to
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="6F4E413CA4671AFE36E935D78AB6D7CC" authority="O'Loughlin" authorityName="O'Loughlin" class="Holothuroidea" family="Synallactidae" genus="Amphigymnas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Synallactida" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="staplesi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7D4F655C4F41C12BE8D9B7E3D8103B97" italics="true">Amphigymnas staplesi</emphasis>
|
||||
O’Loughlin
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
in
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="66685DE487FB6D869C20C38A6DAD568E" DOI="10.24199/j.mmv.2013.70.04" author="O'Loughlin" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="O'Loughlin" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of Museum Victoria" pagination="37-50" refId="B22" refString="O’Loughlin PM, Mackenzie M, VandenSpiegel D (2013) New sea cucumber species from the seamounts on the Southwest Indian Ocean Ridge (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Aspidochirotida, Elasipodida, Dendrochirotida). Memoirs of Museum Victoria 70: 37–50. https://doi.org/10.24199/j.mmv.2013.70.04" title="New sea cucumber species from the seamounts on the Southwest Indian Ocean Ridge (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Aspidochirotida, Elasipodida, Dendrochirotida)." volume="70" year="2013">O’Loughlin et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, the new species exhibits several distinguishing characteristics: The oral disc of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="5A96C4EBBA0CA42619E9F95E16648F2F" class="Holothuroidea" family="Synallactidae" genus="Amphigymnas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Synallactida" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="staplesi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="481236E17E2112D7845798C0762D4729" italics="true">A. staplesi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is surrounded by a continuous series of papillae, whereas the new species has only front-suspended dorsal papillae. The new species is quite different from
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="39B5602EBADACAFF27E87FCE6A9FC6E6" class="Holothuroidea" family="Synallactidae" genus="Amphigymnas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Synallactida" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="staplesi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B70A7BBF43257D054E7D79C2E02123F2" italics="true">A. staplesi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
by the ossicle features: 1) In
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="1F3CF37AA43855164AD6F9D83B300B06" class="Holothuroidea" family="Synallactidae" genus="Amphigymnas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Synallactida" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="staplesi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="D881AD10542B090F4C4727D87DC53DDA" italics="true">A. staplesi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, the tables of dorsal body wall have discs with four large central perforations and many smaller outer perforations, and the spires have four pillars and two transverse beams. In the new species, the dorsal tables have discs with perforations of approximately equal diameters, and the spires have four or more pillars and 0–2 transverse beams; 2) The pillars of the new species are relatively higher, sturdier, and often irregularly fused, distinguishing them from those in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="CE7936FFD6B733B3FC77D3911EF480E9" class="Holothuroidea" family="Synallactidae" genus="Amphigymnas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Synallactida" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="staplesi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="F8C65211697C9E357073A8979CB8B185" italics="true">A. staplesi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
; 3) Additionally, the new species possesses support rods, which are absent in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="AABF1934D848DDCAAAF33D0E769EBB79" class="Holothuroidea" family="Synallactidae" genus="Amphigymnas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Synallactida" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="staplesi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B1A449F677BBA210F164CCF379904595" italics="true">A. staplesi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
; 4) The new species lacks endplates in its ventrolateral tube feet, whereas
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="667D65CE55239B15D6AD52E97095609C" class="Holothuroidea" family="Synallactidae" genus="Amphigymnas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Synallactida" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="staplesi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7711446B73C7B6157E820DE3D440307E" italics="true">A. staplesi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
possesses endplates.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="97AE189FBA2B75577683B87F02212B4E">
|
||||
The genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="5B85BA5B94332C36AA36DCB5A0B86718" authorityName="Walsh" authorityYear="1891" class="Holothuroidea" family="Synallactidae" genus="Amphigymnas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Synallactida" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="74130CDB5D2BD502ECA0D83756211B92" italics="true">Amphigymnas</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
was newly recorded in the
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EZEBG" xlink_title="South China Sea">SCS</abbrev>
|
||||
, and the discovery of the new species expands the geographical distribution of this genus.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
398
data/7C/8F/86/7C8F86E94A9251B38050F3740D59E862.xml
Normal file
398
data/7C/8F/86/7C8F86E94A9251B38050F3740D59E862.xml
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,398 @@
|
|||
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<mods:titleInfo id="3F386690E7FF6936905F12A0BBC66CE0">
|
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<mods:title id="E6ABB46850868B904AF9B542012C1912">Description of four new synallactid species (Holothuroidea, Synallactida, Synallactidae) from the tropical Western Pacific Ocean</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
|
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<mods:name id="D5AA56A7E6FAE2F99E287EFC946BCFAD" type="personal">
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||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="B2D4381AA3BC8915C943A71FCD86B7C1">Xiao, Yunlu</mods:namePart>
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|
||||
<mods:affiliation id="E8FC973418FD761D90388CAC3AF250E8">Department of Marine Organism Taxonomy and Phylogeny, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China & Institute of Deep-sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya 572000, China & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China</mods:affiliation>
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|
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||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="AC6BFF983D818833802452DFF560FFC1">Xiao, Ning</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation id="0593C59DFAEC062AC429280DE1F9334A">Department of Marine Organism Taxonomy and Phylogeny, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China & Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="761D468428F65693E7FCB8874A1C58CE">ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="84F12B7A19B242762A9309D5873F51CF">
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<mods:date id="066D571ECC160A893DFD78AE825D2906">2025</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="097CBBDDFA6D83300F09E5520EF73BB1">2025-03-13</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="1F6F1905DA74D5926C45FD3CF7DFDF07">1231</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="27FE5F44054383B839C692ED7F7429EA" type="ZooBank">3848521C-41B0-4D10-9130-2E4227A27484</mods:identifier>
|
||||
</mods:mods>
|
||||
<treatment id="7C8F86E94A9251B38050F3740D59E862" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15021493" ID-Zenodo-Dep="15021493" ID-arpha="7C8F86E9-4A92-51B3-8050-F3740D59E862" ID-zoobank="https://zoobank.org/F8A68557-64F1-41B9-B1C4-8F536D013EDD" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7C8F86E94A9251B38050F3740D59E862" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:F8A68557-64F1-41B9-B1C4-8F536D013EDD" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/7C8F86E94A9251B38050F3740D59E862">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="2C5245D20EC2F2B8028DEDF422F72E72" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph id="B2CBE8BA169D067C341A00E141D24453">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="10059D69D4397D0F85C75581CD9FB96D" authorityName="Xiao & Xiao" authorityYear="2025" class="Holothuroidea" family="Synallactidae" genus="Bathyplotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Synallactida" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="liaoi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="3746EFA688E83EBC7845616E928F3EF8" italics="true">Bathyplotes liaoi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E6D837FCA9DB355FC5E73FF9A4FF0512" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C47FE841DDD773251C6A74F30476BC7B" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="7D0C6C5D26E658DB05EA6BBE465DE930">
|
||||
<figureCitation id="51406B0BB361D4D60DC531948762B7FF" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Bathyplotes liaoi sp. nov. holotype: MBM 286918 A in situ image B dorsal view C ventral view. Scale bar: 3 cm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1231.142729.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1279841">Figs 6</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="5ED3FB3C9FEA3200DCE2102C5F3CF850" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. SEM images of Bathyplotes liaoi sp. nov. holotype: MBM 286918. Ossicles from A 1 – A 7 dorsal body wall B 1 – B 5 dorsal papillae C 1, C 2 ventral body wall D tentacles E 1 – E 8 tube feet. Scale bars: 200 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1231.142729.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1279842">7</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="D6DA55E44C933C1BC3946D82AB7A90F1" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Optical microscope images of Bathyplotes liaoi sp. nov. holotype: MBM 286918. Ossicles from ventral body wall A, B tables with very high spires and four-armed discs C small tables with annular discs D annular discs E perforated plates. Scale bars: 50 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1231.142729.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1279843">8</figureCitation>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="SECID0EVDAG" type="material">
|
||||
<paragraph id="223D8F0EA21E62C850129D78E284FE5D">
|
||||
<heading id="9A84F339FF9A16B9FEC05723883A582B" reason="title">Material examined.</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="AE67AAC6AA501A4B6273A64756FB8A97">
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="4E29240538D37C3D37270311D28F3EDF" accessionNumber="Y 30165" collectingDate="2014-12-24" collectionCode="CN" county="Dive" elevation="344" latitude="8.85" location="West Pacific" longLatPrecision="1300" longitude="137.78334" municipality="Yap Trench" specimenCode="MBM 286918" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||||
<emphasis id="6AA9F54FAB9DE088C005CCF09D7FA9CA" bold="true" italics="true">
|
||||
<typeStatus id="90CA5AB05B29BC24666664613A2A58A6" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
•
|
||||
<location id="B6B5DD742E23160917B1A8750D851B8F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7C8F86E94A9251B38050F3740D59E862:B6B5DD742E23160917B1A8750D851B8F" county="Dive" latitude="8.85" longLatPrecision="1300" longitude="137.78334" municipality="Yap Trench" name="West Pacific">West Pacific</location>
|
||||
, the
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EAEAG" xlink_title="Yap">Y 3</abbrev>
|
||||
<location id="CFB64CC68230C7EE4FDCFA749BDC884E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7C8F86E94A9251B38050F3740D59E862:CFB64CC68230C7EE4FDCFA749BDC884E" county="Dive" latitude="8.85" longLatPrecision="1300" longitude="137.78334" municipality="Yap Trench" name="Seamount">Seamount</location>
|
||||
near the
|
||||
<collectingMunicipality id="9AA37ED7CC11FCC70AC281286BA8DEF1">Yap Trench</collectingMunicipality>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCounty id="7229925F7CF6B2DDD97D321C2C54AE1F">Dive</collectingCounty>
|
||||
FX-Dive 21 (
|
||||
<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0EHEAG" specific-use="{"type":"Point","coordinates":[137.783333,8.850000]}">
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="3EB01472470F1C6A143363D632B944B5" degrees="8" direction="north" minutes="51" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="8.85">8 ° 51 ' N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="A20742D5A08CEAD2FCE479F14A6018BA" degrees="137" direction="east" minutes="47" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="137.78334">137 ° 47 ' E</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
</named-content>
|
||||
), depth
|
||||
<quantity id="0ADBF146670BE70C0203C055C2FBCCBE" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.44" unit="m" value="344.0">
|
||||
<elevation id="699B9F708C7ADE76EB7D60E5DF99AA7D" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.44" unit="m" value="344.0">344 m</elevation>
|
||||
</quantity>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="75931E48B830800D16825D04C282FAB6" value="2014-12-24">
|
||||
<collectingDate id="47DD4A0DD8277BFF845AFDF641AE7326" value="2014-12-24">24 Dec. 2014</collectingDate>
|
||||
</date>
|
||||
, preserved in 95 % ethanol,
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EMEAG" xlink_title="collection number">
|
||||
<collectionCode id="1E03967002692C42C29DA56BBA066D7D" country="United Kingdom" name="Wellcome Collection of Bacteria, Burroughs Wellcome Research Laboratories">CN</collectionCode>
|
||||
</abbrev>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<accessionNumber id="752AD28008E03DDB2B348BEE72E98243" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/Y30165" type="EnaNcbi">Y 30165</accessionNumber>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EQEAG" xlink_title="registration number">RN</abbrev>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<specimenCode id="A806F185811201F298E755C95518E673" collectionCode="MBM" country="0" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/fc7c-p25f" name="San Jose State University, Museum of Birds and Mammals" type="">MBM 286918</specimenCode>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="SECID0EUEAG" type="diagnosis">
|
||||
<paragraph id="C96138ACAC71DD047DEBE9330A557B15">
|
||||
<heading id="2BED9BFD5879963876C888784DA55288" reason="title">Diagnosis.</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="2F802B51EE63D5AB05BC35D2807048F0">Body elongated, dorsally convex, ventrally flattened. Mouth ventral, anus dorsal. Tentacles 18. Dorsal papillae arranged in six longitudinal rows. Brim formed by small ventrolateral papillae. Tube feet irregularly scattered on the ventral surface. Dorsal body wall containing tables with cross-shaped discs, four (rarely five) pillars of tables bearing numerous large spines, and four to six transverse beams; small tables with annular discs; perforated plates. Dorsal papillae with perforated plates, tables with cross-shaped discs, and support rods. Ventral body wall ossicles similar to those in the dorsal body wall, except for some tables with much higher spires. Tube feet with perforated plates, irregularly shaped ossicles, and small tables with annular discs. Tentacles with spiny rods.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="SECID0EZEAG" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="73EC79B99050B561044C2681749ED29A">
|
||||
<heading id="B22019A14224EB0ACA1257B3631408C0" reason="title">Description.</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="3F032C06F4F74B0FE9D2BF64C9CF7765">
|
||||
Body elongated, slightly pointed at each extremity, dorsal slightly arched, ventral flattened (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation id="A1D5F24CB3F5D5F2DE9ABB2B77101D31" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Bathyplotes liaoi sp. nov. holotype: MBM 286918 A in situ image B dorsal view C ventral view. Scale bar: 3 cm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1231.142729.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1279841">6 A – C</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Color in life faint yellow, sub-transparent, dorsal papillae, tube feet, and tentacles darker (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation id="36559AC5AAF73BE3C90E6235A2B529EC" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Bathyplotes liaoi sp. nov. holotype: MBM 286918 A in situ image B dorsal view C ventral view. Scale bar: 3 cm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1231.142729.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1279841">6 B, C</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Body
|
||||
<quantity id="4EC6C259F2548C3B8B1194FAEEB55EBA" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" unit="cm" value="15.0">15 cm</quantity>
|
||||
long and
|
||||
<quantity id="5EAF701A3114DB1353EEEFE0872089CF" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" unit="cm" value="5.0">5 cm</quantity>
|
||||
wide before fixation (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation id="817D097F8105571FD723090754B50B2D" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Bathyplotes liaoi sp. nov. holotype: MBM 286918 A in situ image B dorsal view C ventral view. Scale bar: 3 cm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1231.142729.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1279841">6 B, C</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Mouth ventral, anus dorsal and surrounded by numerous small papillae (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation id="C7986351ADDD9C90EEF9E3EA85DF5265" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Bathyplotes liaoi sp. nov. holotype: MBM 286918 A in situ image B dorsal view C ventral view. Scale bar: 3 cm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1231.142729.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1279841">6 B, C</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Peltate tentacles 18. Dorsal surface densely covered with approximately equal conical papillae, arranged in six longitudinal rows, with ~ 14–18 papillae in each row (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation id="CB5BB57A599D44C1289E838DC97D86B2" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Bathyplotes liaoi sp. nov. holotype: MBM 286918 A in situ image B dorsal view C ventral view. Scale bar: 3 cm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1231.142729.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1279841">6 A, B</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The jagged edges on both sides of the body formed by a single row of numerous smaller papillae. Tube feet irregularly arranged longitudinally throughout the ventral sole, ~
|
||||
<quantity id="C722AE90E9BBFEE43E12172E4034E31E" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1844" unit="in" value="86.0">86 in</quantity>
|
||||
each row.
|
||||
<emphasis id="46E543FA36D31CFBF2C4423D5A1DB94B" bold="true">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CBA4E44B5532D89E1FED75573727071E" bold="true" italics="true">Ossicles</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
Tables of
|
||||
<specimenCount id="B72E62E556B2A0CFCC4AA90D9AB99065" count="2" type="generic" typeStatus="types">two types</specimenCount>
|
||||
in the dorsal body wall (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation id="6A7ED7C195C33E8877361CA68C915CAF" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. SEM images of Bathyplotes liaoi sp. nov. holotype: MBM 286918. Ossicles from A 1 – A 7 dorsal body wall B 1 – B 5 dorsal papillae C 1, C 2 ventral body wall D tentacles E 1 – E 8 tube feet. Scale bars: 200 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1231.142729.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1279842">7 A 1 – A 7</figureCitation>
|
||||
): 1) Cross-shaped discs (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation id="D6BD55484F8DBE5DFDE7F3B7B2BB76D5" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. SEM images of Bathyplotes liaoi sp. nov. holotype: MBM 286918. Ossicles from A 1 – A 7 dorsal body wall B 1 – B 5 dorsal papillae C 1, C 2 ventral body wall D tentacles E 1 – E 8 tube feet. Scale bars: 200 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1231.142729.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1279842">7 A 1 – A 4</figureCitation>
|
||||
) with four arms, each arm bearing small spines, 100–200 μm in length, with a number of perforations at the ends, four (rarely five) pillars bearing numerous large spines, four to six transverse beams, the spires measuring 108–200 μm in height, tips formed by fused pillars. 2) Annular discs (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation id="F2753E151EEA09A561D58FBDC7ECEA0B" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. SEM images of Bathyplotes liaoi sp. nov. holotype: MBM 286918. Ossicles from A 1 – A 7 dorsal body wall B 1 – B 5 dorsal papillae C 1, C 2 ventral body wall D tentacles E 1 – E 8 tube feet. Scale bars: 200 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1231.142729.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1279842">7 A 5 – A 7</figureCitation>
|
||||
) with four large holes formed by simple diagonal bars, discs ~ 58 μm in diameter, the spires 30–42 μm high, with one or two transverse beams. Dorsal papillae with most tables (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation id="511C780511F07FFC4033DE346E5740DA" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. SEM images of Bathyplotes liaoi sp. nov. holotype: MBM 286918. Ossicles from A 1 – A 7 dorsal body wall B 1 – B 5 dorsal papillae C 1, C 2 ventral body wall D tentacles E 1 – E 8 tube feet. Scale bars: 200 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1231.142729.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1279842">7 B 1 – B 4</figureCitation>
|
||||
) similar to those of the dorsal body wall (first
|
||||
<typeStatus id="EB21B75B4F7536671EC930BD82D44BE8">type</typeStatus>
|
||||
), rarely smaller tables with four transverse beams (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation id="DFB8666C5B0D64AB0A930C95AE447A8D" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. SEM images of Bathyplotes liaoi sp. nov. holotype: MBM 286918. Ossicles from A 1 – A 7 dorsal body wall B 1 – B 5 dorsal papillae C 1, C 2 ventral body wall D tentacles E 1 – E 8 tube feet. Scale bars: 200 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1231.142729.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1279842">7 B 4</figureCitation>
|
||||
); perforated plates, measuring 400 μm in diameter (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation id="6F3FD1511113F0C30E53F4C72AFDF228" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. SEM images of Bathyplotes liaoi sp. nov. holotype: MBM 286918. Ossicles from A 1 – A 7 dorsal body wall B 1 – B 5 dorsal papillae C 1, C 2 ventral body wall D tentacles E 1 – E 8 tube feet. Scale bars: 200 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1231.142729.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1279842">7 B 5</figureCitation>
|
||||
); spinous rods up to 366 μm in length (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation id="4BF1C1968D3BC0BDB5EBB2321D285C69" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. SEM images of Bathyplotes liaoi sp. nov. holotype: MBM 286918. Ossicles from A 1 – A 7 dorsal body wall B 1 – B 5 dorsal papillae C 1, C 2 ventral body wall D tentacles E 1 – E 8 tube feet. Scale bars: 200 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1231.142729.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1279842">7 B 4</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Ventral body wall tables with four-armed discs, small tables with annular discs, and perforated plates (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation id="55C6D418EAEF6241823109C7038E3B6E" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. SEM images of Bathyplotes liaoi sp. nov. holotype: MBM 286918. Ossicles from A 1 – A 7 dorsal body wall B 1 – B 5 dorsal papillae C 1, C 2 ventral body wall D tentacles E 1 – E 8 tube feet. Scale bars: 200 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1231.142729.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1279842">7 C 1, C 2</figureCitation>
|
||||
and Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0DD5ACFB54B6D9618D12FC81ADB903EB" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Optical microscope images of Bathyplotes liaoi sp. nov. holotype: MBM 286918. Ossicles from ventral body wall A, B tables with very high spires and four-armed discs C small tables with annular discs D annular discs E perforated plates. Scale bars: 50 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1231.142729.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1279843">8</figureCitation>
|
||||
), most ossicles of similar features to those in the dorsal body wall, except that a few tables with really high spire, measuring 245 μm in height (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0F7DC7DD67CECB05493ABCD63BF6EEAE" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Optical microscope images of Bathyplotes liaoi sp. nov. holotype: MBM 286918. Ossicles from ventral body wall A, B tables with very high spires and four-armed discs C small tables with annular discs D annular discs E perforated plates. Scale bars: 50 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1231.142729.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1279843">8 A, B</figureCitation>
|
||||
). In tentacles (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation id="DA8AF4457E4C050E5BB8FEF8725F4774" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. SEM images of Bathyplotes liaoi sp. nov. holotype: MBM 286918. Ossicles from A 1 – A 7 dorsal body wall B 1 – B 5 dorsal papillae C 1, C 2 ventral body wall D tentacles E 1 – E 8 tube feet. Scale bars: 200 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1231.142729.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1279842">7 D</figureCitation>
|
||||
) rods 70–500 μm long. Tube feet with
|
||||
<specimenCount id="E4A4D193AB2DC5A01A836637229DAABE" count="4" type="generic" typeStatus="types">four types</specimenCount>
|
||||
of ossicles: 1) perforated plates (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation id="CF6B5916B19D795532B1C70EBBCDFC2E" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. SEM images of Bathyplotes liaoi sp. nov. holotype: MBM 286918. Ossicles from A 1 – A 7 dorsal body wall B 1 – B 5 dorsal papillae C 1, C 2 ventral body wall D tentacles E 1 – E 8 tube feet. Scale bars: 200 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1231.142729.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1279842">7 E 1</figureCitation>
|
||||
); 2) smaller tables with annular discs (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation id="20A79923344D07C34DB9587A065F72E8" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. SEM images of Bathyplotes liaoi sp. nov. holotype: MBM 286918. Ossicles from A 1 – A 7 dorsal body wall B 1 – B 5 dorsal papillae C 1, C 2 ventral body wall D tentacles E 1 – E 8 tube feet. Scale bars: 200 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1231.142729.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1279842">7 E 2 – E 7</figureCitation>
|
||||
), ~ 88 μm in diameter, the spires of tables higher than those in the dorsal body wall (second
|
||||
<typeStatus id="AF1C423EE46BEAC2F960062E45409F61">type</typeStatus>
|
||||
), measuring 48–64 μm high, four spiny pillars with three transverse beams; 3) rods up to 404 μm in length (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation id="B85DBE3F1DF5DA8634A25E53A5264145" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. SEM images of Bathyplotes liaoi sp. nov. holotype: MBM 286918. Ossicles from A 1 – A 7 dorsal body wall B 1 – B 5 dorsal papillae C 1, C 2 ventral body wall D tentacles E 1 – E 8 tube feet. Scale bars: 200 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1231.142729.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1279842">7 E 8</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="84A2B03D012EB5971D36F6BB6475D2B8" ID-DOI="10.3897/zookeys.1231.142729.figure6" ID-arpha="E4EE5EEA-7F73-58B3-8B7A-61B59EA7A3DC" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1279841" startId="F6">
|
||||
<paragraph id="7BBA637EC5471FFD991387479F8F029E">
|
||||
<label id="9F2239742AD8596AF89CB9B57C7C8530">Figure 6.</label>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="A70625AC751FF55A31F67F787655DCF1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="5967C5C480DA5DB48EA674E059801619" authorityName="Xiao & Xiao" authorityYear="2025" class="Holothuroidea" family="Synallactidae" genus="Bathyplotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Synallactida" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="liaoi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="014112632CE471ED235EFFFD36E4473A" italics="true">Bathyplotes liaoi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E613D2B4F717A7C1023C3A9DE038D39B" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
holotype: MBM 286918
|
||||
<emphasis id="67BA14E9A024450D222EFAC9229A901A" bold="true">A</emphasis>
|
||||
in situ image
|
||||
<emphasis id="27B8F27FF9EE8D1783ECDBBA24000484" bold="true">B</emphasis>
|
||||
dorsal view
|
||||
<emphasis id="84D93EEB4CB7E07EFEE5D3961F791AAE" bold="true">C</emphasis>
|
||||
ventral view. Scale bar: 3 cm.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<caption id="F05DABFFAA8738EB02CC23BE60D123AB" ID-DOI="10.3897/zookeys.1231.142729.figure7" ID-arpha="1E1ABE01-5629-5CC5-8D03-A4E26043235F" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1279842" startId="F7">
|
||||
<paragraph id="E29C66672B12666862FD9BA342CCBE7A">
|
||||
<label id="9DBBAE549D728D7D651FC0C692ECD6B1">Figure 7.</label>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="5061C9EE39099B133BA1CACEE33721B3">
|
||||
<abbrev content-type="institution" id="ABBRID0E1IAG" xlink_title="scanning electron microscope">SEM</abbrev>
|
||||
images of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="ACA22679C44B0981AB87E39E4F7537A8" authorityName="Xiao & Xiao" authorityYear="2025" class="Holothuroidea" family="Synallactidae" genus="Bathyplotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Synallactida" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="liaoi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="8422F1E89E7C2BEE7718988E0B81F870" italics="true">Bathyplotes liaoi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="6DB0243F3C86BE618A64667238DAA9B2" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
holotype: MBM 286918. Ossicles from
|
||||
<emphasis id="708FAD8B0DD7910FF8EB330F23DFC66A" bold="true">A 1 – A 7</emphasis>
|
||||
dorsal body wall
|
||||
<emphasis id="993EA5677289F54249C1D519DC52C4BA" bold="true">B 1 – B 5</emphasis>
|
||||
dorsal papillae
|
||||
<emphasis id="5A70F3641CA6A085641EBAAC2E9A46F4" bold="true">C 1, C 2</emphasis>
|
||||
ventral body wall
|
||||
<emphasis id="456C9364375C962E9C3A4360E8F64E6A" bold="true">D</emphasis>
|
||||
tentacles
|
||||
<emphasis id="9589BB44A9B73695CB3C377DFD91E493" bold="true">E 1 – E 8</emphasis>
|
||||
tube feet. Scale bars: 200 μm.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<caption id="5491DDE7D78FCA0E8023DD5B2D0A95E2" ID-DOI="10.3897/zookeys.1231.142729.figure8" ID-arpha="E83874B2-4C59-5575-9224-D2A4EFE1ED6B" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1279843" startId="F8">
|
||||
<paragraph id="29BA6E32C12DE8760214C77614D66AEA">
|
||||
<label id="A31C7BE645CE34320EE7F36F8C821E2B">Figure 8.</label>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="E2182073E8035650BCF4B3E59C1E0FE4">
|
||||
Optical microscope images of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="7A5ABE2421C9FB6AA0C4D8804B0AE614" authorityName="Xiao & Xiao" authorityYear="2025" class="Holothuroidea" family="Synallactidae" genus="Bathyplotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Synallactida" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="liaoi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="321519B285C56991A65B3C5903621966" italics="true">Bathyplotes liaoi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="4485C3B575281ADD8582A66A1F60F33F" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
holotype: MBM 286918. Ossicles from ventral body wall
|
||||
<emphasis id="40FF365DC5C95DB44E276D627EF31B3A" bold="true">A, B</emphasis>
|
||||
tables with very high spires and four-armed discs
|
||||
<emphasis id="921FE753FA6E0C007BB8EBE37677DF8F" bold="true">C</emphasis>
|
||||
small tables with annular discs
|
||||
<emphasis id="D3132B93BBC48E409EEF649770741B7F" bold="true">D</emphasis>
|
||||
annular discs
|
||||
<emphasis id="E336FE18EBC95BDDCD4473930AE58686" bold="true">E</emphasis>
|
||||
perforated plates. Scale bars: 50 μm.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="SECID0EFLAG" type="type locality">
|
||||
<paragraph id="2CAA6AE27F61F30DC2A10FA311881FFE">
|
||||
<heading id="7AEA627088DE9697BA90BDAD700B1E3B" reason="title">Type locality.</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="094889E7D86A9BB4D4BBCB9C016D72A8">
|
||||
The
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0ELLAG" xlink_title="Yap">Y 3</abbrev>
|
||||
Seamount near the Yap Trench, tropical Western Pacific,
|
||||
<quantity id="A003EF0540C5C102EB58FAD38051F91B" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.44" unit="m" value="344.0">344 m</quantity>
|
||||
depth.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="SECID0EPLAG" type="etymology">
|
||||
<paragraph id="9D516CD4A11841CA72E7D14A1C2587C3">
|
||||
<heading id="0AA09600D78F2B07A940420F5BD69748" reason="title">Etymology.</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="A1D55DE37DF70EAA655CFCFDEB6E071E">
|
||||
The species is named after one of the pioneers in the study of holothuroid fauna in
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="7996E0C6644349BBC1FB845EDA08B658" name="China">China</collectingCountry>
|
||||
, Professor Yulin Liao.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="SECID0EULAG" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph id="FBA117FB29757E0B205AEDCEA0B160CA">
|
||||
<heading id="08A71CDCC6F26F08E5B9F51BCDC67897" reason="title">Distribution.</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="4BF8BAD1528F5131BEB3D4C465E3E329">
|
||||
Only known from its
|
||||
<typeStatus id="DBF261D478EBD1C4D2DB63C09AC23417">type</typeStatus>
|
||||
locality.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="SECID0EZLAG" type="remarks">
|
||||
<paragraph id="FC8F8F3B260B732989D251F1F2593B26">
|
||||
<heading id="101DC89A23764C6215A8FCDDA164EB45" reason="title">Remarks.</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="2D479A0945B8597866E92AF733EF9B77">
|
||||
The predominance of four-pillared tables undoubtedly indicates that this species belongs to the
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="0694C82D6923EE49AFB30B06F5D3BFE8" authorityName="Ostergren" authorityYear="1896" class="Holothuroidea" family="Synallactidae" genus="Bathyplotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Synallactida" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="25AA769DF2C029B76396692AEA34906E" italics="true">Bathyplotes</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="9958E0988903813957C843E5EE46B381" authorityName="Xiao & Xiao" authorityYear="2025" class="Holothuroidea" family="Synallactidae" genus="Bathyplotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Synallactida" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="liaoi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="6F15E0CBE8494E3B30B9CCD0BE9199EF" italics="true">Bathyplotes liaoi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="89AA7915D9972BCD831955A0267311E4" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
is mostly similar, in terms of ossicle
|
||||
<typeStatus id="57E7BC42FF1056D21F2DDE55D7F580C2">types</typeStatus>
|
||||
, to
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2382A3D02DC075276C79DF37F9033A85" authority="Fisher, 1907" authorityName="Fisher" authorityYear="1907" class="Holothuroidea" family="Synallactidae" genus="Bathyplotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Synallactida" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="patagiatus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="0FAA0C56E1096B15005AA817A8894CFF" italics="true">Bathyplotes patagiatus</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDCFF833307CCCD218401525C6BB06E" DOI="10.5479/si.00963801.32-1555" author="Fisher WK" refId="B4" refString="Fisher WK (1907) The Holothurians of the Hawaiian Islands. United States National Museum, Smithsonian Institute Press, Washington D. C 32: 637 - 7 44.https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.32-1555. 637" year="1907">Fisher, 1907</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, which has been regarded as a synonym of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="E6905B68EA10A7479C786A572F387CE9" baseAuthorityName="Sars" baseAuthorityYear="1868" class="Holothuroidea" family="Synallactidae" genus="Bathyplotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Synallactida" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="natans">
|
||||
<emphasis id="34890F2F1A1FDDD6F81FFAE8AFA7C40C" italics="true">Bathyplotes natans</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. Both species share the presence of ossicles that include four-armed crosses, small tables with annular discs, and spinous rods. However, the new species can be distinguished from
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="51C13B9348DC758584EF8BF0C0AF9F8A" authorityName="Fisher" authorityYear="1907" class="Holothuroidea" family="Synallactidae" genus="Bathyplotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Synallactida" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="patagiatus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C7D54C9CFD1BC1842F7E36854E13A1F6" italics="true">B. patagiatus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
by the presence of tube feet on the midventral radius and differences in the shape of the spires of tables. In
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A2D5297B08F41F350DAA612AAFD2DF0C" authorityName="Xiao & Xiao" authorityYear="2025" class="Holothuroidea" family="Synallactidae" genus="Bathyplotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Synallactida" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="liaoi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="9C2F9EC55A9E4737AD00EDBD7577508B" italics="true">Bathyplotes liaoi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D02F98BA76E7049096841903E2B2E162" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
, the tables typically have four, rarely five pillars, with their dilated ends of spires usually formed by these fused pillars, rather than expanding into a crown. In contrast, the tables in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="3E88B29CC502C26050955BCD86497D67" authorityName="Fisher" authorityYear="1907" class="Holothuroidea" family="Synallactidae" genus="Bathyplotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Synallactida" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="patagiatus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A4A476CEAC6BFDB1AD8D212462252184" italics="true">B. patagiatus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
are robust, with each table possessing four pillars and a broad thorny crown formed by the highly dilated spire ends, resembling a quadrilateral tower. Moreover, the pillar ends in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="282263CFF138CAB39FF019FDC26A685D" authorityName="Fisher" authorityYear="1907" class="Holothuroidea" family="Synallactidae" genus="Bathyplotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Synallactida" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="patagiatus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="99EBC8DC229D469B6AD10B49407AD63E" italics="true">B. patagiatus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
are often unfused. The new species also differs from
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B3475793F69020230855498BE5D63562" authorityName="Fisher" authorityYear="1907" class="Holothuroidea" family="Synallactidae" genus="Bathyplotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Synallactida" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="patagiatus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="6F82C7555BA9983D42B1B26A32F93505" italics="true">B. patagiatus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
by the presence of tables with annular discs and five-pillared crosses in the dorsal body wall, as well as perforated plates in the ventral body wall and papillae. In
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F74985991A0A0F021434DB4AFC4C3263" authorityName="Xiao & Xiao" authorityYear="2025" class="Holothuroidea" family="Synallactidae" genus="Bathyplotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Synallactida" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="liaoi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="2990FF0310999575D80DA41F999575A6" italics="true">B. liaoi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B130900D7AB23EF6856A4F5C1142082F" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
, the arms of the crosses bear small spines, whereas those in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="51CD1974B8E0AF8AE5740BFA4E928BF3" authorityName="Fisher" authorityYear="1907" class="Holothuroidea" family="Synallactidae" genus="Bathyplotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Synallactida" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="patagiatus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="870FE2A40D15352DF30D5C66313F03E6" italics="true">B. patagiatus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
are smooth. The spines on the spires of tables in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="361A4DDEF45C10D21684093CDC74F2B8" authorityName="Xiao & Xiao" authorityYear="2025" class="Holothuroidea" family="Synallactidae" genus="Bathyplotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Synallactida" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="liaoi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="45F49F0F6D9EBB3F53C57700C81C2560" italics="true">B. liaoi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="5FF7E39CFD94CEA970A81E3F7447E467" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
are distributed along the entire length of the pillars, while in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="44E3CE08A266FC84FF4CBF09932DB834" authorityName="Fisher" authorityYear="1907" class="Holothuroidea" family="Synallactidae" genus="Bathyplotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Synallactida" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="patagiatus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="1D7A4A15D8EBD08975DD0B8F197C72AF" italics="true">B. patagiatus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, the spines are confined to the upper half, even in tables with exceptionally long spires. In addition,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="27A8EEB4CA5A3ED29C452C876300DF9B" authorityName="Xiao & Xiao" authorityYear="2025" class="Holothuroidea" family="Synallactidae" genus="Bathyplotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Synallactida" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="liaoi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="0024CE034EF79833E8FC58E28D663D45" italics="true">B. liaoi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="5F8890C656DF933F489DE7E649FABEA2" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
lacks C-shaped ossicles present in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C899E22B0C13AB40BA2E113518FFB417" authorityName="Fisher" authorityYear="1907" class="Holothuroidea" family="Synallactidae" genus="Bathyplotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Synallactida" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="patagiatus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="1A687C0F99C08C855E15202275F11E95" italics="true">B. patagiatus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="F91C8616623F100FDB0F21552F79D2F6">
|
||||
Both
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A2E0B50D8B0055FED405341B7B8367C0" authorityName="Xiao & Xiao" authorityYear="2025" class="Holothuroidea" family="Synallactidae" genus="Bathyplotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Synallactida" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="liaoi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="5FCCB120A3449E1085CDE47D4E253C59" italics="true">Bathyplotes liaoi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="CDDCF56782433E4C2CE7CE75F77DEEAF" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="E971FC44445F62AF75E253DEAEA3CA9C" authorityName="Sluiter" authorityYear="1901" class="Holothuroidea" family="Synallactidae" genus="Bathyplotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Synallactida" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="phlegmaticus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4D0B2489737668E73B498991D2B1DF42" italics="true">B. phlegmaticus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
have
|
||||
<specimenCount id="59FCF9DE07A55427C08700048A111EA2" count="2" type="generic" typeStatus="types">two types</specimenCount>
|
||||
of tables in the body wall: 1) large tables of characteristic form, with cross-like discs and 2) smaller tables with annular discs. The arms and pillars of both
|
||||
<typeStatus id="8CF9A7C089A4C36A54772677AED8CA9C">types</typeStatus>
|
||||
of tables possess spines. However, the new species exhibits several key differences from
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="D7B1821E3AAB19F4D26F6DF6C799F272" authorityName="Sluiter" authorityYear="1901" class="Holothuroidea" family="Synallactidae" genus="Bathyplotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Synallactida" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="phlegmaticus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="05DDFEED5B6B5E47013408D8959B96A7" italics="true">B. phlegmaticus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
: 1) The number and arrangement of papillae are different. In
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="6F01827BDDD004E367E9575B190C87AE" authorityName="Xiao & Xiao" authorityYear="2025" class="Holothuroidea" family="Synallactidae" genus="Bathyplotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Synallactida" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="liaoi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="131F3724F03CF5B62E0D765A716061A9" italics="true">B. liaoi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="32D053FF0271886EEF076DC2AD6727B8" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
: the dorsal surface was densely covered with conical papillae of approximately equal size, arranged in six longitudinal rows, with ~ 14–18 papillae each row. The jagged edges along both sides of the body were formed by a single row of numerous smaller papillae. In
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="98617E515EA5F621D3D26227D1A126E5" authorityName="Sluiter" authorityYear="1901" class="Holothuroidea" family="Synallactidae" genus="Bathyplotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Synallactida" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="phlegmaticus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="73B9D7C1F983464E60B00450FC8164FB" italics="true">B. phlegmaticus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, a delicate rim was formed by free papillae, with ~ 35 at the anterior part of the body and ~ 12 along the anterior and posterior lateral edges. Papillae on the ventral side are few, irregularly distributed, and not confined to the radii. 2) Tube feet in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="5B6448C6A10BF268E47A4D49CB5B9E36" authorityName="Sluiter" authorityYear="1901" class="Holothuroidea" family="Synallactidae" genus="Bathyplotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Synallactida" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="phlegmaticus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="9E83B0C321E393FC030BC305B798962C" italics="true">B. phlegmaticus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
have rods and a well-developed endplate. However, tube feet in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="8F2BBB7EE1C8432B127C7828934A88D2" authorityName="Xiao & Xiao" authorityYear="2025" class="Holothuroidea" family="Synallactidae" genus="Bathyplotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Synallactida" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="liaoi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="368F82D4521BAADDE9804D2FFC7654B6" italics="true">B. liaoi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="334FF0F1CBA565512ABF3B1A5DAFA2AD" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
include tables with annular discs, irregular large ossicles, rods, and a plate. 3) Tables have different numbers of transverse beams. In
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C72F35B97052D6FBCBD5B7759A3397C2" authorityName="Sluiter" authorityYear="1901" class="Holothuroidea" family="Synallactidae" genus="Bathyplotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Synallactida" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="phlegmaticus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CC669E364C144F46224C7F4F97972F2E" italics="true">B. phlegmaticus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, the spires of large tables possess 6–8 transverse beams, while smaller tables have 1–3 transverse beams. In
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="ED3541EC51E1B441451DAB127BC493C2" authorityName="Xiao & Xiao" authorityYear="2025" class="Holothuroidea" family="Synallactidae" genus="Bathyplotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Synallactida" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="liaoi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="2B370467C1587F4BBA1E2EDE5277C613" italics="true">B. liaoi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="216AFF75B31D420106719073435AC1F0" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
, the large tables have fewer transverse beams (4–6), and the smaller tables have only one or two transverse beams.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
99
data/89/A0/98/89A098C40556514F972D0505242DCBB9.xml
Normal file
99
data/89/A0/98/89A098C40556514F972D0505242DCBB9.xml
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
|
|||
<document id="5104DD7678E7AA94A47C963C35876851" ID-DOI="10.3897/zookeys.1231.142729" ID-ZooBank="3848521C-41B0-4D10-9130-2E4227A27484" ID-publisher-id="142729" URI-arpha="5745BC4F-E4D4-5267-922C-693992A4037F" URI-zoobank="http://zoobank.org/3848521C-41B0-4D10-9130-2E4227A27484" article-type="research-article" checkinTime="1741890239035" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Xiao, Yunlu & Xiao, Ning" docDate="2025" docId="89A098C40556514F972D0505242DCBB9" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1231: 347-370" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1231" docSource="https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/142729/download/xml/" docStyle="DocumentStyle:PensoftTaxPub.0000.journal_article.generic" docStyleName="PensoftTaxPub.0000.journal_article.generic" docTitle="Bathyplotes Ostergren 1896" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" dtd-version="3.0" lastPageNumber="370" masterDocId="5745BC4FE4D45267922C693992A4037F" masterDocTitle="Description of four new synallactid species (Holothuroidea, Synallactida, Synallactidae) from the tropical Western Pacific Ocean" masterLastPageNumber="370" masterPageNumber="347" pageNumber="347" updateTime="1741890747897" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||||
<mods:mods id="75F92526A47AF90B2EB98ED84C5EC914" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||||
<mods:titleInfo id="0EC304940F7013029B2CACC18B14A31C">
|
||||
<mods:title id="ACDC2487771AC7C4A129D0DA840F080A">Description of four new synallactid species (Holothuroidea, Synallactida, Synallactidae) from the tropical Western Pacific Ocean</mods:title>
|
||||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:name id="40F19AEBC97F99AE8E2FBB3758372B2C" type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role id="C77FA69FEF80C55A151925654188F8BD">
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm id="BFBAA3C420C77DC8CF9C2A728047FA1B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="0CE459DA69DDE8C6A375A89E19982DF9">Xiao, Yunlu</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:nameIdentifier id="F687E428DB49B85154C31BD74843A0BC" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9787-033X</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation id="58503C532EA976AD6F756B7DFAD21E7A">Department of Marine Organism Taxonomy and Phylogeny, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China & Institute of Deep-sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya 572000, China & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China</mods:affiliation>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:name id="B668DE0C8D0EBC6459C748FD3C674D68" type="personal">
|
||||
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|
||||
<mods:roleTerm id="BA812F35458F245553714E44D799385A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="37E68283539FF6AAD9158C8A7C99629C">Xiao, Ning</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation id="6784A8C799B628AD4853055A2DC62324">Department of Marine Organism Taxonomy and Phylogeny, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China & Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao, China</mods:affiliation>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:typeOfResource id="EA29CE8260C47BCA4FC9FD64F589C08B">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="67D55A242DE4E44DCF4CFB77751CB8A7">
|
||||
<mods:title id="4085DD0F907D7621085F1934B219D75D">ZooKeys</mods:title>
|
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|
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<mods:part id="A14C7907D43D310E8A7C4B254D459766">
|
||||
<mods:date id="EEDE8D09F75F8370353E0E18FEB29CAD">2025</mods:date>
|
||||
<mods:detail id="FEBF35EC34119106D18A465517DD540F" type="pubDate">
|
||||
<mods:number id="76D65C08AEF4783DB5D3D9D03C172E05">2025-03-13</mods:number>
|
||||
</mods:detail>
|
||||
<mods:detail id="9C920954B1EF775F85257CA4C65F46E8" type="volume">
|
||||
<mods:number id="CC1F7C690E2B22561682A307218EDD04">1231</mods:number>
|
||||
</mods:detail>
|
||||
<mods:extent id="AC46B455161D92CFF26F070D520301F0" unit="page">
|
||||
<mods:start id="58012027FEFF1DD7FCB4D3F9F21F69EC">347</mods:start>
|
||||
<mods:end id="22E7B49C5F27A356D0B25402ED431938">370</mods:end>
|
||||
</mods:extent>
|
||||
</mods:part>
|
||||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||||
<mods:classification id="51E5E95EECFBFCF10ECFF0A35729F4A2">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="1DFC06AD98986B4459DC7100D7BCE7C7" type="DOI">10.3897/zookeys.1231.142729</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="9AEBBB7E985921790B74A4EC45D568BC" type="ZooBank">3848521C-41B0-4D10-9130-2E4227A27484</mods:identifier>
|
||||
</mods:mods>
|
||||
<treatment id="89A098C40556514F972D0505242DCBB9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15021489" ID-Zenodo-Dep="15021489" ID-arpha="89A098C4-0556-514F-972D-0505242DCBB9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:89A098C40556514F972D0505242DCBB9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/89A098C40556514F972D0505242DCBB9">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="D5F8EDC02051BA3AC92CDB2FF2BE56DE" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph id="F9C4802A1B445E76945DF3BD2370BDB9">
|
||||
<heading id="EC2D687524CAFDAE92CAE01861AE475C" reason="label">Genus</heading>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="16C039AEA7EC1A602D4D50F84CD8428E" ID-CoL="7NQKF" authority="Ostergren, 1896" authorityName="Ostergren" authorityYear="1896" class="Holothuroidea" family="Synallactidae" genus="Bathyplotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Synallactida" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="F7D797BC74BCDED372C39DDC634B67DC" italics="true">Bathyplotes</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="2130A0757346B9DDC8E7620EF3665FA2" author="Östergren H" refId="B23" refString="Ostergren H (1896) Zur Kenntnis der Subfamilie Synallactinae unter den Aspidochiroten. Festskrift for Lilljeborg, 345 - 360." year="1896">Östergren, 1896</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="SECID0E3TAE" type="diagnosis">
|
||||
<paragraph id="5D9F7412FE2A8201B87689A14CF606A8">
|
||||
<heading id="CD1A620E12EC3CDED4276227286E7F30" reason="title">Diagnosis.</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="C05615FF2255EB809326DDF2492F712F">
|
||||
Tentacles 15–20. Mouth ventral, anus dorsal, subdorsal or nearly terminal. Skin rather thick. Body with sole-like ventral side, usually with marginal appendages. Midventral ambulacrum with a few tube feet or naked. Ventrolateral tube feet arranged in a single row or multiple rows. Dorsal papillae more or less distinctly arranged in rows. Tables with cross-shaped disc and a spire formed by 1–5 pillars, usually with several transverse beams (rarely without transverse beams); C- shaped bodies may be present [adapted from
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="B2BAFF6DECEFB9D68D5A43076389C16B" author="Solís-Marín FA" firstAuthor="Solis-Marin" journalOrPublisher="thesis, University of Southampton" page="124" refId="B29" refString="Solís-Marín FA (2003) Molecular Phylogeny, Systematics and Biology of the Holothurian Family Synallactidae. Ph. D. thesis, University of Southampton, 356 pp." title="Molecular Phylogeny, Systematics and Biology of the Holothurian Family Synallactidae. Ph. D." year="2003">Solís-Marín 2003: 124</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
].
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="SECID0EGUAE" type="type species">
|
||||
<paragraph id="0BF46458D6881C779730259BD3E08D44">
|
||||
<heading id="61ED2EE1E8F8BB99AC8FFC9D09FFB3B9" reason="title">
|
||||
<typeStatus id="5FE3C392F444E782C17996727A07BC1A">Type</typeStatus>
|
||||
species.
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="AA82F37D741D2E9A183B4CEF975FCAB3">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="FE205329A984968257F3AB735A1CCF33" authority="(Sars, 1868)" baseAuthorityName="Sars" baseAuthorityYear="1868" class="Holothuroidea" family="Synallactidae" genus="Bathyplotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Synallactida" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="natans">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C751331EAA01BEFC9EB256C89743AD39" italics="true">Bathyplotes natans</emphasis>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EB3832AEB110D8A594379D668FCEF0FD" author="Sars M" pagination="19-23" refId="B28" refString="Sars M (1868) Om Afbildninger af nogle af hans son I forrige Aar ved Lofoten fundne Echinodermer og Coelenterater. Forhandlinger Videnskabs Selskabet, Christiania. 1867: 19-23." title="Om Afbildninger af nogle af hans son I forrige Aar ved Lofoten fundne Echinodermer og Coelenterater. Forhandlinger Videnskabs Selskabet, Christiania." volume="1867" year="1868">Sars, 1868</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
by original designation.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="SECID0EXUAE" type="type locality">
|
||||
<paragraph id="2C0BF689208A5DE968E9DC9DE2B67010">
|
||||
<heading id="264F55F4F5361C1E7544F39438C28287" reason="title">
|
||||
<typeStatus id="0729F90D309DCFFE6B41CEA9440053AA">Type</typeStatus>
|
||||
locality.
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="DBD6005771AA07DFF7FEB230856122E3">
|
||||
Lofoten, northern
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="92089C9DB5F33D9376FB3CEC27BD27D8" name="Norway">Norway</collectingCountry>
|
||||
, depth
|
||||
<quantity id="C90EF34925C340CA5802CCFC6DF72C7D" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.575" metricValueMax="5.49" metricValueMin="3.66" unit="m" value="457.5" valueMax="549.0" valueMin="366.0">
|
||||
366–
|
||||
<specimenCount id="E17C70BC857E242D495C76139586259D" count="549" type="generic">549 m.</specimenCount>
|
||||
</quantity>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
104
data/8A/27/8E/8A278E91808F5D6AA61494861A9BA6E2.xml
Normal file
104
data/8A/27/8E/8A278E91808F5D6AA61494861A9BA6E2.xml
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
|
|||
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<mods:affiliation id="EC61A84F703073CCBB68FB6A3208AB75">Department of Marine Organism Taxonomy and Phylogeny, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China & Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao, China</mods:affiliation>
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<heading id="EA6834497FDDF111027CFD69240FD6F9" reason="label">Genus</heading>
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<taxonomicName id="846046E5585224F60704428B9A4EF779" ID-CoL="7NNW6" authority="Walsh, 1891" authorityName="Walsh" authorityYear="1891" class="Holothuroidea" family="Synallactidae" genus="Amphigymnas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Synallactida" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="2E59653FEFE8C3CC7ED8446CCE82DCA5" italics="true">Amphigymnas</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="DAC9C9ADEF19DA4ABBAD2073922C71E6" author="Walsh JHT" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal" pagination="197-204" refId="B36" refString="Walsh JHT (1891) List of deep-sea holothurians collected during seasons 1887 to 1891, with description of new species. Natural History Notes from HM. Indian Survey Steamer INVESTIGATOR, Commander RF. Hoskyn, RN. commanding. No. 24. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 60: 197-204." title="List of deep-sea holothurians collected during seasons 1887 to 1891, with description of new species. Natural History Notes from HM. Indian Survey Steamer INVESTIGATOR, Commander RF. Hoskyn, RN. commanding. No. 24." volume="60" year="1891">Walsh, 1891</bibRefCitation>
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<subSubSection id="SECID0EFVAG" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="7DD1CCB26839FE9400F58146CEADAD2D">
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<heading id="50D1275010601FFED690D4292690CA1F" reason="title">Diagnosis.</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="11F3785CC9F9265406BAE0B252306D6B">
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Body wall calcareous, brittle, similar to that of the elasipodid family
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="813D8F74D3711BB0C343089C11D48040" authorityName="Theel" authorityYear="1882" class="Holothuroidea" family="Deimatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Synallactida" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Deimatidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. Mouth ventral, peltate tentacles 20. Dorsal and lateral body with long conical calcareous papillae, including a ventrolateral series. Body flat ventrally, tube feet in ambulacral series or scattered. Anus subdorsal posterior. Ossicles in body wall large table discs with many perforations, discs variably with or lacking spires often comprising three or four pillars, sometimes with more fused pillars, without distal spines or teeth, spires sometimes reduced to short unconnected pillars [adapted from
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="5DCEBED4B8389ADDB53FCAC48138A4CD" DOI="10.24199/j.mmv.2013.70.04" author="O’Loughlin PM & Mackenzie M & VandenSpiegel D" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="O'Loughlin" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of Museum Victoria" page="38" pagination="37-50" refId="B22" refString="O’Loughlin PM, Mackenzie M, VandenSpiegel D (2013) New sea cucumber species from the seamounts on the Southwest Indian Ocean Ridge (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Aspidochirotida, Elasipodida, Dendrochirotida). Memoirs of Museum Victoria 70: 37–50. https://doi.org/10.24199/j.mmv.2013.70.04" title="New sea cucumber species from the seamounts on the Southwest Indian Ocean Ridge (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Aspidochirotida, Elasipodida, Dendrochirotida)." volume="70" year="2013">O’Loughlin et al. 2013: 38</bibRefCitation>
|
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].
|
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="SECID0E1VAG" type="type species">
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<paragraph id="B9E2B52C32CEC82B3A0180F08A03E0C2">
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<heading id="335AA7BD897C75199B88877AFCE7D62D" reason="title">
|
||||
<typeStatus id="813D5D8C3A3793CE1FE39EA621510433">Type</typeStatus>
|
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species.
|
||||
</heading>
|
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</paragraph>
|
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<paragraph id="C6E83490C8FA34BB10B4AA409D0F7917">
|
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<taxonomicName id="5B5490DDAEEFE3A96774B994EF5C45C2" authority="Walsh, 1891" authorityName="Walsh" authorityYear="1891" class="Holothuroidea" family="Synallactidae" genus="Amphigymnas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Synallactida" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="multipes">
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<emphasis id="0BD4A07E1E6231E89D9D3F9E719AC23B" italics="true">Amphigymnas multipes</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="3CA946332214DAAEE33F2F9F129F6EEF" author="Walsh JHT" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal" pagination="197-204" refId="B36" refString="Walsh JHT (1891) List of deep-sea holothurians collected during seasons 1887 to 1891, with description of new species. Natural History Notes from HM. Indian Survey Steamer INVESTIGATOR, Commander RF. Hoskyn, RN. commanding. No. 24. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 60: 197-204." title="List of deep-sea holothurians collected during seasons 1887 to 1891, with description of new species. Natural History Notes from HM. Indian Survey Steamer INVESTIGATOR, Commander RF. Hoskyn, RN. commanding. No. 24." volume="60" year="1891">Walsh, 1891</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
|
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accepted as
|
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<taxonomicName id="B7E4D1679142E3A63758AF9B014AD63D" authority="(Walsh, 1891)" baseAuthorityName="Walsh" baseAuthorityYear="1891" class="Holothuroidea" family="Synallactidae" genus="Amphigymnas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Synallactida" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="woodmasoni">
|
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<emphasis id="A25E68E899DFE8D2C5D8DA2E08BB1FB3" italics="true">Amphigymnas woodmasoni</emphasis>
|
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(
|
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<bibRefCitation id="8525942C3DDAD1FB5B9CD89F6AA641C4" author="Walsh JHT" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal" pagination="197-204" refId="B36" refString="Walsh JHT (1891) List of deep-sea holothurians collected during seasons 1887 to 1891, with description of new species. Natural History Notes from HM. Indian Survey Steamer INVESTIGATOR, Commander RF. Hoskyn, RN. commanding. No. 24. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 60: 197-204." title="List of deep-sea holothurians collected during seasons 1887 to 1891, with description of new species. Natural History Notes from HM. Indian Survey Steamer INVESTIGATOR, Commander RF. Hoskyn, RN. commanding. No. 24." volume="60" year="1891">Walsh, 1891</bibRefCitation>
|
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)
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</taxonomicName>
|
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.
|
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</paragraph>
|
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|
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<subSubSection id="SECID0EWWAG" type="type locality">
|
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<paragraph id="02637BFF79EDFE2B9BE0CE3453524452">
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|
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<typeStatus id="8782CE252F66E35F5D0312414B890956">Type</typeStatus>
|
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locality.
|
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</heading>
|
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</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8FE91195F2F068BC0C6653724959B2A5">
|
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Indian Ocean, Andaman Sea, off Dyer Point and North Cinque Island, depth
|
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343–
|
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<specimenCount id="4B884C2981DBEC1C633527E40D1A0AA1" count="402" type="generic">402 m.</specimenCount>
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</quantity>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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97
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<bibRefCitation id="54344A3C8CF400E2F44557048B949010" author="Ludwig H" issue="3" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College" pagination="1-183" refId="B16" refString="Ludwig H (1894) The Holothurioidea. In: Reports on an exploration off the west coasts of Mexico, Central and South America, and off the Galapagos Islands, in charge of Alexander Agassiz, by the U. S. Fish Commission Steamer " Albatross, " during 1891, Lieut. Commander Z. L. Tanner, U. S. N., commanding. XII. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College 17 (3): 1-183." title="The Holothurioidea. In: Reports on an exploration off the west coasts of Mexico, Central and South America, and off the Galapagos Islands, in charge of Alexander Agassiz, by the U. S. Fish Commission Steamer “ Albatross, ” during 1891, Lieut. Commander Z. L. Tanner, U. S. N., commanding. XII." volume="17" year="1894">Ludwig, 1894</bibRefCitation>
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</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="SECID0E4OAC" type="diagnosis">
|
||||
<paragraph id="C375C962CD25EE54753693D572A5DEA9">
|
||||
<heading id="ED53F27F8A66055C1A6CF8D722FDF26C" reason="title">Diagnosis.</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="55B25BDEB86E09F2055B260ADFDD7109">
|
||||
Body cylindrical or subcylindrical. Tentacles 18–20. Ventral surface flattened, without any marginal border. Ventral tube feet and dorsal papillae in longitudinal series, confined to ambulacra. Three zones of tube feet on ventral surface. Body wall with tri- or quadri-radiate tables, the distal ends of the arms with a larger or smaller number of perforations, often lateral processes forming a complex lattice-like network with similar processes of other arms. Spire consisting of a single pillar, terminally divided or perforated, or both [adapted from
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="57312A59D94B2FBC11C8610AE30D5435" DOI="10.2988/0006-324X(2005)118[570:SLANSO]2.0.CO;2" author="Solís-Marín FA" firstAuthor="Solis-Marin" page="570 - 571" refId="B30" refString="Solís-Marín FA (2005) Synallactes laguardai, a new species of sea cucumber from South Africa (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Synallactidae). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 118: 570–575. https://doi.org/10.2988/0006-324X (2005) 118 [570: SLANSO] 2.0. CO; 2" year="2005">Solís-Marín 2005: 570–571</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
].
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="SECID0EHPAC" type="type species">
|
||||
<paragraph id="95DA824F0A326A4A3BA52F9930B092E6">
|
||||
<heading id="2D7D49380F6A3CA694E91DC051FBF942" reason="title">
|
||||
<typeStatus id="B9DEBDF316481A7DC760D1EAE1F2B1E2">Type</typeStatus>
|
||||
species.
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="7DC979D6A2E2DEDAC91A2D378431B223">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="E33CEB080E5B7F17E6B704E817A2AD08" authority="Ludwig, 1894" authorityName="Ludwig" authorityYear="1894" class="Holothuroidea" family="Synallactidae" genus="Synallactes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Synallactida" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="alexandri">
|
||||
<emphasis id="1111F67B89C5B19594F0AE4D8065D91E" italics="true">Synallactes alexandri</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="AED47608E4F9625A5AB6556968537DA4" author="Ludwig H" issue="3" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College" pagination="1-183" refId="B16" refString="Ludwig H (1894) The Holothurioidea. In: Reports on an exploration off the west coasts of Mexico, Central and South America, and off the Galapagos Islands, in charge of Alexander Agassiz, by the U. S. Fish Commission Steamer " Albatross, " during 1891, Lieut. Commander Z. L. Tanner, U. S. N., commanding. XII. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College 17 (3): 1-183." title="The Holothurioidea. In: Reports on an exploration off the west coasts of Mexico, Central and South America, and off the Galapagos Islands, in charge of Alexander Agassiz, by the U. S. Fish Commission Steamer “ Albatross, ” during 1891, Lieut. Commander Z. L. Tanner, U. S. N., commanding. XII." volume="17" year="1894">Ludwig, 1894</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="SECID0EYPAC" type="type locality">
|
||||
<paragraph id="AACEB64A912244DD9FAD8F203704B663">
|
||||
<heading id="7888EF8CD66B92676A5496FF5469D2D4" reason="title">
|
||||
<typeStatus id="FF1A2F442F37A4BB83D4F1D0527B4B9D">Type</typeStatus>
|
||||
locality.
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="DA8B90E89FDAC5FE44A7AD3F0EFC2BB6">
|
||||
North Pacific Ocean, Azuero Peninsula, Gulf of
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="D418CC8DADB4DB90A510D5A87A3F4C9E" name="Panama">Panama</collectingCountry>
|
||||
, depth
|
||||
<quantity id="F91B127ABF899AB1359A240C0E7E0752" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.88" unit="m" value="588.0">588 m</quantity>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="B1159D496483A1B1DF2072DE77C333FA" author="Solis-Marin" firstAuthor="Solis-Marin" journalOrPublisher="thesis, University of Southampton" refId="B29" refString="Solís-Marín FA (2003) Molecular Phylogeny, Systematics and Biology of the Holothurian Family Synallactidae. Ph. D. thesis, University of Southampton, 356 pp." title="Molecular Phylogeny, Systematics and Biology of the Holothurian Family Synallactidae. Ph. D." year="2003">Solís-Marín 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
476
data/EE/A3/6C/EEA36C792A2B5220A5DECE5C030E9A28.xml
Normal file
476
data/EE/A3/6C/EEA36C792A2B5220A5DECE5C030E9A28.xml
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,476 @@
|
|||
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<mods:mods id="0CD66989B7B2ECB4607E657D15D03F0C" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="91F8029B86091392F14EE1EDEB068ED4">
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<mods:title id="D40526D0E702B02710C3FFFAC462C167">Two new snake eels (Anguilliformes, Ophichthidae, Ophichthus) from Viet Nam, with redescriptions of O. macrochir (Bleeker) and O. rutidoderma (Bleeker)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
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<mods:namePart id="C0EC138439251187DF4BA8A29E344C1A">Vo, Quang Van</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="0018966897912D39F44E0E5B7482A1D8">Institute of Oceanography, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, No. 01 Cau Da, Nha Trang City, Khanh Hoa, Vietnam</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="061AC31CBB5CC52ABF7B2D2F22DB8D80">Hibino, Yusuke</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="F4D3DC04CA8D85CBE75D59FD8D981202" type="ORCID">0000-0002-5670-3851</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="74173EF063EF7EB03846A601A5CE25FC">Kitakyushu Museum of Natural History and Human History, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="5127712D46281E1DFC50965B69A00802">Ho, Hsuan-Ching</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="D37967BDCA0C8DA2991D3339DBDB567B" type="ORCID">0000-0003-1154-601X</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
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<mods:affiliation id="127A0A3D2B8FC3EAEDDC6F95FC69DBB5">Graduate Institute and Department of Aquaculture, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, Taiwan & Australia Museum, Sydney, Australia</mods:affiliation>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:name id="6A37467701C7211563731F973754EDFE" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="B3D737C29720844475AD4B321B1992A6">
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="A10A7299790B712CB99518EEC9C2B898">Le, Thao Thu Thi</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="60F0FDB19859D3059197B91FCD3886B4" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-6434-2251</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="6DE1473CC2FDAAFD8FDEAE03227DE628">Institute of Oceanography, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, No. 01 Cau Da, Nha Trang City, Khanh Hoa, Vietnam</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="8524FFD46E9C4C6513E6EB765BC1D521">Seah, Ying Giat</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:nameIdentifier id="2C6F57F85872E7B6CEF24AFD7AEFCA60" type="ORCID">0000-0002-2976-4448</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation id="959DE7D62467CF603208EECD6C0BA1F8">Faculty of Fisheries and Food Science, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu 21030, Malaysia</mods:affiliation>
|
||||
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|
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<mods:typeOfResource id="23037F1FABCA862C3504FB53D1AD68FB">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="B7608C80305E92415F16F3D5BDFF7C97">ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="ED573CFF6B04EDAF687584C620004484">
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<mods:date id="371BBBEB59A7ADD7EF7FF4B7C8727DED">2025</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="E0DC005EC43897289362AA3FA0882194">2025-03-13</mods:number>
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|
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<mods:identifier id="C29AD0E6AC134A227D0C60DB4F655AEF" type="ZooBank">6C61817B-3D99-4A61-865C-BDDF332D4769</mods:identifier>
|
||||
</mods:mods>
|
||||
<treatment id="EEA36C792A2B5220A5DECE5C030E9A28" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15021503" ID-Zenodo-Dep="15021503" ID-arpha="EEA36C79-2A2B-5220-A5DE-CE5C030E9A28" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EEA36C792A2B5220A5DECE5C030E9A28" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/EEA36C792A2B5220A5DECE5C030E9A28">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="70D5AA916B9C33560928780D1E9571A1" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8D23132F9A89CCE4044BDDD3814BA0F1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="D619CC54D6D2EB6ADB5E4DEB03233A8E" ID-CoL="49VHN" authority="(Bleeker, 1852)" baseAuthorityName="Bleeker" baseAuthorityYear="1853" family="Ophichthidae" genus="Ophichthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macrochir">
|
||||
<emphasis id="F762A51DE3F2BBDA9ACF899945280BD5" italics="true">Ophichthus macrochir</emphasis>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="727A6134EB13BC15955E00145A9C009F" author="Bleeker P" journalOrPublisher="Verhandelingen van het Bataviaasch Genootschap van Kunsten en Wetenschappen" pagination="1-62" refId="B3" refString="Bleeker P (1852) Bijdrage tot de kennis der Muraenoiden en Symbranchoiden van den Indischen Archipel. Verhandelingen van het Bataviaasch Genootschap van Kunsten en Wetenschappen 25: 1-62. [preprint part]" title="Bijdrage tot de kennis der Muraenoïden en Symbranchoïden van den Indischen Archipel." volume="25" year="1852">Bleeker, 1852</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C0F7D55D79E8FCE9C6EC3807C825B6D1" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="BC91AE67B16DC837FDF8EA64AA009C6D">
|
||||
<figureCitation id="6714177FC0A120105A6257383303E506" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Ophichthus macrochir (Bleeker, 1852), NMMB-P 23577, 646 mm TL; preserved specimen a whole fish. Close-ups of head view from lateral side (b), view from dorsal (c) and view from ventral (d)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1231.137323.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1279408">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<tableCitation id="7B2F1BAE27A635B9B16665E18144F87E" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Morphometric and meristic data of four elongate Ophichthus species." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DD13348782BE15BBF91F3855ED16DA05" tableUuid="DD13348782BE15BBF91F3855ED16DA05">Tables 1</tableCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<tableCitation id="D5660B86B23ACF53B8FF1231204B5A82" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="T2" captionText="Table 2. Selected morphological and meristic characteristics of eight elongate Ophichthus species. Data source: 1. This study; 2. Mishra et al. 2019; 3. Kodeeswaran et al. 2023; 4. McCosker 2010; 5. Lee and Asano 1997." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/1ED6C1F0F0A50100C9F749DD9FBE297B" tableUuid="1ED6C1F0F0A50100C9F749DD9FBE297B">2 English name: Bigfin Snake Eel Chinese name: 大鰭蛇鰻</tableCitation>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="36338E00133F52EA8570C287138043F7" type="reference_group">
|
||||
<paragraph id="D86D28ABD724773C9510F85D93F70594">
|
||||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="70698A4670AA611BEC0D16B3D2D82F26">
|
||||
<treatmentCitation id="0FD569FBE99A89A083FD1DA64D03972E" author="Bleeker P" page="26" year="1852">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C4A9458543C90E47058007679BEF8E6C" ID-CoL="74Q62" authority="Bleeker, 1852: 26" authorityName="Bleeker" authorityPageNumber="26" authorityYear="1852" family="Ophichthidae" genus="Ophisurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macrochir">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DB22CEF3F8A76E7DDCA0FE5FA158D750" italics="true">Ophisurus macrochir</emphasis>
|
||||
<comment id="5175D9220F5052782B5757066B5F41EF">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="351788C3C18FBAAC8C6EA16D7190EBA4" author="Bleeker P" journalOrPublisher="Verhandelingen van het Bataviaasch Genootschap van Kunsten en Wetenschappen" pagination="1-62" refId="B3" refString="Bleeker P (1852) Bijdrage tot de kennis der Muraenoiden en Symbranchoiden van den Indischen Archipel. Verhandelingen van het Bataviaasch Genootschap van Kunsten en Wetenschappen 25: 1-62. [preprint part]" title="Bijdrage tot de kennis der Muraenoïden en Symbranchoïden van den Indischen Archipel." volume="25" year="1852">Bleeker, 1852: 26</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<typeStatus id="8B2140F39617FCDE6642B4CA9252A886">type</typeStatus>
|
||||
locality:
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="3DB0B70E24B6FCBACFE0B8A06AD21BD4" country="Indonesia" name="Jakarta Raya">Jakarta</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="DF78C14C03B622211A70780479E9F9B3" country="Indonesia" name="Jawa Timur">Java</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="3660FBE9B155F5C781640C14CF172484" name="Indonesia">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</comment>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="DF3C1D50CF7CE9BC7B2A3C96C6FF0BBE">
|
||||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="1AFF3F11F869AC39CC57DE0DFA76DAD8">
|
||||
<treatmentCitation id="2157A46B30277B38092FB869D46C4EA7" author="Chen JTF" page="22" year="1929">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="1056F025D21BCE52F993C4E00CB40D44" authority="Chen, 1929: 22" authorityName="Chen" authorityPageNumber="22" authorityYear="1929" family="Ophichthidae" genus="Ophisurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="woosuitingi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="FEE4DBA5D7394241383936B849B240D1" italics="true">Ophisurus woosuitingi</emphasis>
|
||||
<comment id="18FF32F6E7487DAEF72940B23713EF41">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="E7268F0C566C629552FD8DD6731FB7EF" author="Chen JTF" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Biology Department, Science College, Sun Yatsen University" pagination="1-46" refId="B5" refString="Chen JTF (1929) A review of the Apodal fishes of Kwangtung. Bulletin of the Biology Department, Science College, Sun Yatsen University 1: 1-46. [pls 1 - 3]" title="A review of the Apodal fishes of Kwangtung." volume="1" year="1929">Chen, 1929: 22</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, pl. 2 (
|
||||
<typeStatus id="1A174754B075768B930397761B4A0B60">type</typeStatus>
|
||||
locality: Ying Khou, Kwangtung,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="FA89AE708BEEBE43614C1C207ED11F65" name="China">China</collectingCountry>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</comment>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="SECID0ECDAI" type="material">
|
||||
<paragraph id="F76F87ECD59D32B23655466B34951A0F">
|
||||
<heading id="49C00FE50B8009015153EBE7DD7B9925" reason="title">Material examined.</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="A9BD1000C5A8864FC285A736BFF2C19A">
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="07B34A04DB620B11D2CBE5A9E7832C54" collectionCode="CAS" collectorName="Bleeker" country="Indonesia" location="Dumaguete" municipality="Negros" specimenCode="BMNH 1867.11" specimenCount="8" stateProvince="Jakarta, Java">
|
||||
<specimenCount id="23BA1521501C53BA8B1CA2E2B0DF2BC4" count="8" type="generic">Eight specimens</specimenCount>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<quantity id="CE3E0F24AEE3CBEA350A4D961DD79864" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.74" metricValueMax="8.24" metricValueMin="3.2399999999999998" unit="mm" value="574.0" valueMax="824.0" valueMin="324.0">324–824 mm</quantity>
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EIDAI" xlink_title="Total lengths">TL</abbrev>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<specimenCode id="362E066534B101B28F6B4B61D6F24115" collectionCode="BMNH">
|
||||
<named-content id="02AC6A3902718500E95D9EEF206A9533" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/natural-history-museum-london" xlink_title="Natural History Museum, London">BMNH</named-content>
|
||||
1867.11
|
||||
</specimenCode>
|
||||
. 28.262 (
|
||||
<collectorName id="296D6CE42CEF660582E8AB3836DFAF83">Bleeker</collectorName>
|
||||
specimen),
|
||||
<quantity id="C43EC212AB7111416D43BCE4B2B40651" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.01" unit="mm" value="501.0">501 mm</quantity>
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EQDAI" xlink_title="Total lengths">TL</abbrev>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="4204B66290782851D83C36105CBCF486" isEnumeration="true">Jakarta, Java</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="03C6CBF03483839FACD5A48A3DAB24AF" name="Indonesia">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<collectionCode id="24DBD726E34BCFC192453BB9EC6A8FDE" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15690" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34700" name="California Academy of Sciences" type="Museum">CAS</collectionCode>
|
||||
<quantity id="7CC1199AD7079329782F02C5B8C7E6E0" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.258032399999999" unit="mm" value="5.2580324E7">52580, 324 mm</quantity>
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EUDAI" xlink_title="Total lengths">TL</abbrev>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<location id="0FBD5CA1989BD64CD9407EAF3C51FE8A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EEA36C792A2B5220A5DECE5C030E9A28:0FBD5CA1989BD64CD9407EAF3C51FE8A" country="Indonesia" municipality="Negros" name="Dumaguete" stateProvince="Jakarta, Java">Dumaguete</location>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingMunicipality id="4A43931FEA57777A45FD4422102BE6DD">Negros</collectingMunicipality>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="3340258E5D2E57E271CD963F5388FAF7" name="Philippines">Philippines</collectingCountry>
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
•
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="72906D9CCDED9234E62579B55F1E4C4D" collectionCode="CAS" country="Philippines" location="Lagoon of Apulit Island" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Palawan">
|
||||
<collectionCode id="F998E0909F0B57BBFD07FE2697D982C8" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15690" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34700" name="California Academy of Sciences" type="Museum">CAS</collectionCode>
|
||||
<quantity id="F4D5F95B6A2F344D984C1941A2268AD1" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3383863099999997" unit="mm" value="2.33838631E8">233838, 631 mm</quantity>
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EYDAI" xlink_title="Total lengths">TL</abbrev>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<location id="585075613A0704E03D619FB82375A399" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EEA36C792A2B5220A5DECE5C030E9A28:585075613A0704E03D619FB82375A399" country="Philippines" name="Lagoon of Apulit Island" stateProvince="Palawan">Lagoon of Apulit Island</location>
|
||||
, northern
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="DC2D32D8E634FA84C3407DBD33B53452" country="Philippines" name="Palawan">Palawan</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="59B9FE87B95922EA06EBD7B485AF735B" name="Philippines">Philippines</collectingCountry>
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
•
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="F8B4F090581338FA86A74BC632C0B0BD" collectionCode="VR" country="Taiwan" location="Dong-gang" specimenCount="1">
|
||||
<named-content id="642422D3F5E167897DCE0633FA5F618F" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/kitakyushu-museum-and-institute-natural-history" xlink_title="Kitakyushu Museum of Natural History and Human History">
|
||||
KMNH
|
||||
<collectionCode id="74DAD8B7BEB695E823EB3BE0E425300D">VR</collectionCode>
|
||||
</named-content>
|
||||
<quantity id="D424A3FD32DD5D522214E4D32CCE2DC7" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.00261659" unit="mm" value="1.00261659E8">100261, 659 mm</quantity>
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EAEAI" xlink_title="Total lengths">TL</abbrev>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<location id="021724BA7129D8A2270DDF2C8A234DD9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EEA36C792A2B5220A5DECE5C030E9A28:021724BA7129D8A2270DDF2C8A234DD9" country="Taiwan" name="Dong-gang">Dong-gang</location>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="BCAAA68AC4D9B6FBF510DE4782F08703" name="Taiwan">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
•
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="826B6AB44679D82989377B551E7A0C8B" collectionCode="NMMB-P" country="Taiwan" location="Kaohsiung" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Kaohsiung">
|
||||
<collectionCode id="1D8015EF7404A789D7825F885C13B333">NMMB-P</collectionCode>
|
||||
<quantity id="467C6C1C261067173C46AEEAE3784E3B" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3577646" unit="mm" value="2.3577646E7">23577, 646 mm</quantity>
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EEEAI" xlink_title="Total lengths">TL</abbrev>
|
||||
, Ke-tzu-liao,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="3F0660899C3EF76BDE56CBC6E8DE1250" country="Taiwan" name="Kaohsiung">Kaohsiung</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="E9BD9729D8DB0DEC79A07721CDDA09B3" name="Taiwan">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
•
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="F49BA3B9F0182B53D4FA0567B5C21ADA" collectionCode="NMMB-P" country="Taiwan" location="Dong-gang" specimenCount="1">
|
||||
<collectionCode id="7D805198C7678D0AE7FC75D0A8292E36">NMMB-P</collectionCode>
|
||||
<quantity id="C3B901CAE1F8C8205337F9CD14E107FC" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4692356" unit="mm" value="2.4692356E7">24692, 356 mm</quantity>
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EIEAI" xlink_title="Total lengths">TL</abbrev>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<location id="EC0A5E05447EFF0745D11AA155DA3089" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EEA36C792A2B5220A5DECE5C030E9A28:EC0A5E05447EFF0745D11AA155DA3089" country="Taiwan" name="Dong-gang">Dong-gang</location>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="1C63D0D7699040510D40EED95AA37FBB" name="Taiwan">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
•
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="FB37632E6E400CBBA52FFEDD6031E09B" collectionCode="NMMB-P" country="Taiwan" location="Kaohsiung" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Kaohsiung">
|
||||
<collectionCode id="B8DF98DCF6D5AB516D2E47718DB96093">NMMB-P</collectionCode>
|
||||
<quantity id="D7071E0E35D2F53750E93B0FFD7C56A7" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.6831626" unit="mm" value="3.6831626E7">36831, 626 mm</quantity>
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EMEAI" xlink_title="Total lengths">TL</abbrev>
|
||||
, Ke-tzu-liao,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="68406BA7662C447B928B6CA60194B0AD" country="Taiwan" name="Kaohsiung">Kaohsiung</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="434D86FA65F131D1A9E7289F83D55DEA" name="Taiwan">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
•
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="D1F890F0F25422832B5663540A604358" country="Vietnam" county="Minh" latitude="15.472221" location="Tam Ky" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="108.68361" municipality="Chi" specimenCount="1">
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EQEAI" xlink_title="Institute of Oceanography, Nha Trang">OIM-E</abbrev>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<quantity id="51721541236FF88E9D8F7C52BE3A26DE" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5830544" unit="mm" value="5.5830544E7">55830, 544 mm</quantity>
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EUEAI" xlink_title="Total lengths">TL</abbrev>
|
||||
, K ỳ Ha ̀ market (ca
|
||||
<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0E2EAI" specific-use="{"type":"Point","coordinates":[108.683611,15.472222]}">
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="278B814DE0DE45AE4FC7B785DC0368CA" degrees="15" direction="north" minutes="28" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="20" value="15.472221">15 ° 28 ' 20 " N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="356DB6A902A6213700AE27071531F127" degrees="108" direction="east" minutes="41" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="01" value="108.68361">108 ° 41 ' 01 " E</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
</named-content>
|
||||
),
|
||||
<location id="1FF9FBEE4A4458520E64CD0FA73EEB67" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EEA36C792A2B5220A5DECE5C030E9A28:1FF9FBEE4A4458520E64CD0FA73EEB67" country="Vietnam" county="Minh" latitude="15.472221" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="108.68361" municipality="Chi" name="Tam Ky">Tam Ky</location>
|
||||
̀,
|
||||
<location id="DAE488664DDBFEDEB21F5A9E215DC14D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EEA36C792A2B5220A5DECE5C030E9A28:DAE488664DDBFEDEB21F5A9E215DC14D" country="Vietnam" county="Minh" latitude="15.472221" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="108.68361" municipality="Chi" name="Qua">Qua</location>
|
||||
̉ ng
|
||||
<location id="D4830B1922A5C6EE8418A2D8A81ABFFF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EEA36C792A2B5220A5DECE5C030E9A28:D4830B1922A5C6EE8418A2D8A81ABFFF" country="Vietnam" county="Minh" latitude="15.472221" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="108.68361" municipality="Chi" name="Nam">Nam</location>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="E958DB306326FFE658A0F14AB89F0ABD" name="Vietnam">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EAFAI" xlink_title="Institute of Oceanography, Nha Trang">OIM-E</abbrev>
|
||||
. 558331, ~
|
||||
<quantity id="F378CCD1D6290FA2D181AD20E2854425" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.24" unit="mm" value="824.0">824 mm</quantity>
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EEFAI" xlink_title="Total lengths">TL</abbrev>
|
||||
(tail is broken),
|
||||
<location id="15E78C552941F15FE748D142ACD3541D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EEA36C792A2B5220A5DECE5C030E9A28:15E78C552941F15FE748D142ACD3541D" country="Vietnam" county="Minh" latitude="15.472221" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="108.68361" municipality="Chi" name="Do">Đô</location>
|
||||
̀ ng
|
||||
<location id="5805E9A2524EFC6434E578DEFBD8F125" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EEA36C792A2B5220A5DECE5C030E9A28:5805E9A2524EFC6434E578DEFBD8F125" country="Vietnam" county="Minh" latitude="15.472221" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="108.68361" municipality="Chi" name="Ho">Ho</location>
|
||||
̀ a,
|
||||
<location id="13D22CF02D19997820AF911A92B63A31" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EEA36C792A2B5220A5DECE5C030E9A28:13D22CF02D19997820AF911A92B63A31" country="Vietnam" county="Minh" latitude="15.472221" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="108.68361" municipality="Chi" name="Ca">Câ</location>
|
||||
̀ n
|
||||
<location id="ACBD50E32BCA0D6E93AD8C828A7ED881" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EEA36C792A2B5220A5DECE5C030E9A28:ACBD50E32BCA0D6E93AD8C828A7ED881" country="Vietnam" county="Minh" latitude="15.472221" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="108.68361" municipality="Chi" name="Gio">Giơ</location>
|
||||
̀,
|
||||
<location id="40D4E38951E8B87DC373870118FADC83" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EEA36C792A2B5220A5DECE5C030E9A28:40D4E38951E8B87DC373870118FADC83" country="Vietnam" county="Minh" latitude="15.472221" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="108.68361" municipality="Chi" name="Ho">Hô</location>
|
||||
̀
|
||||
<collectingMunicipality id="470AFFB68642BD799700AEE11E850BC5">Chi</collectingMunicipality>
|
||||
́
|
||||
<collectingCounty id="4F61501F4AE28DB0CB54F9CB0CD60587">Minh</collectingCounty>
|
||||
city,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="555FD62BF702E91EA827610467C511E1" name="Vietnam">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="C93847A2DE16FF05FD9A347513036CD2" ID-DOI="10.3897/zookeys.1231.137323.figure5" ID-arpha="FB46065E-5DAB-5550-B34B-F5855C7C6F3A" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1279408" startId="F5">
|
||||
<paragraph id="A5274F103EB599EA974CCE9610B39F80">
|
||||
<label id="DA4B4C40BB2D679279FAD916AEFB474B">Figure 5.</label>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="A7720F45EEF6F5757C837ACC37AD0990">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="3F88EAD74A51CAA207444DF6D40400F3" authority="(Bleeker, 1852)" baseAuthorityName="Bleeker" baseAuthorityYear="1853" family="Ophichthidae" genus="Ophichthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macrochir">
|
||||
<emphasis id="59402600D2DA862A5DBFACAB7C988103" italics="true">Ophichthus macrochir</emphasis>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="D4DFC0D9BA99C3CCC2710E6F358F9479" author="Bleeker P" journalOrPublisher="Verhandelingen van het Bataviaasch Genootschap van Kunsten en Wetenschappen" pagination="1-62" refId="B3" refString="Bleeker P (1852) Bijdrage tot de kennis der Muraenoiden en Symbranchoiden van den Indischen Archipel. Verhandelingen van het Bataviaasch Genootschap van Kunsten en Wetenschappen 25: 1-62. [preprint part]" title="Bijdrage tot de kennis der Muraenoïden en Symbranchoïden van den Indischen Archipel." volume="25" year="1852">Bleeker, 1852</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, NMMB-P 23577, 646 mm
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0E2FAI" xlink_title="Total lengths">TL</abbrev>
|
||||
; preserved specimen
|
||||
<emphasis id="54BB2699C9DD6B2F12FB9EA5D16200F8" bold="true">a</emphasis>
|
||||
whole fish. Close-ups of head view from lateral side (
|
||||
<emphasis id="1D47C68E610F579A22203399B06577D9" bold="true">b</emphasis>
|
||||
), view from dorsal (
|
||||
<emphasis id="2D4A537B27F6A563D93AC88C437D990D" bold="true">c</emphasis>
|
||||
) and view from ventral (
|
||||
<emphasis id="416F27E0F31EAF83B7D340389B1A5081" bold="true">d</emphasis>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="SECID0EMGAI" type="diagnosis">
|
||||
<paragraph id="DE2D6CAFEB8151519BBBCC8F6B5F762B">
|
||||
<heading id="CE719BE6FFE3E60BD5CA4FF746F70AF2" reason="title">Diagnosis.</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="669A4D28820CABBB9108483C6AB8A794">
|
||||
An elongate
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="23D2E833AA14E388A08B9ABA0CC2CC45" authorityName="Ahl" authorityYear="1789" family="Ophichthidae" genus="Ophichthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="9BBFA62FBC3F095B5309E2B4C7E66816" italics="true">Ophichthus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
with the following combination of characters: body strongly wrinkled; head length 5.0–6.7 %
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EZGAI" xlink_title="Total lengths">TL</abbrev>
|
||||
; tail length 62.5–69.3 %
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0E4GAI" xlink_title="Total lengths">TL</abbrev>
|
||||
; two protrusions along upper lip; dorsal-fin origin at approximately same vertical through pectoral-fin tip;
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EBHAI" xlink_title="supraorbital pores">SO</abbrev>
|
||||
1 + 4,
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EFHAI" xlink_title="preoperculomandibular pores">POM</abbrev>
|
||||
4–5 (usually 5) + 2; teeth on maxilla mostly uniserial, on mandible biserial; teeth on vomer bi- or triserial; body uniformly black to dark brown; dorsal and anal fins dark gray to black; total vertebrae 214–221,
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EJHAI" xlink_title="Mean vertebral formula">MVF</abbrev>
|
||||
11-70 - 217.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="SECID0ENHAI" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph id="E8EABBF75A54D60FB88E4196F3A10E98">
|
||||
<heading id="8D234DE93EE490890D20C62A009877A1" reason="title">Distribution.</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="2B39163A1E3035D549AA802A72EBDBC5">
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="88F3270BEC1539888AFC1F85BF93B4B7" name="Thailand">Thailand</collectingCountry>
|
||||
(Gulf of
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="8D0CC996C4C65B13E15535C158308E76" name="Thailand">Thailand</collectingCountry>
|
||||
),
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="1E33F20EE6CD80680B44E6CD1B8F3319" name="Indonesia">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="B9B2C6CF0C281E524E893A5E78F306ED" country="Indonesia" name="Jawa Timur">Java</collectingRegion>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="7510B13C8EEECA5F4454B6394A684122" country="Indonesia" name="Sumatera Utara">Sumatra</collectingRegion>
|
||||
),
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="1F230863F1A403B0DD00A9B80E9A53ED" name="Vietnam">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="8DFE66B5E38CD3B9E312E19963AFD4BA" name="Philippines">Philippines</collectingCountry>
|
||||
, southern
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="9614EEBA5403C41CD0374FD799685DA2" name="China">China</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F5C81F412B5B463C107A9ED1A7F6A4E2" name="Taiwan">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||||
, and
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="A5DCBD75AFB77D2FF48DE3613EE5ECB0" name="Japan">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||||
(larva only in
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="A41F474B5EA03E41A2734697ED86104F" name="Japan">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||||
). Usually occurring in shallow water above
|
||||
<quantity id="9C07F6C8C1545A0343C2C348B62ABDDD" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" unit="m" value="25.0">25 m</quantity>
|
||||
, but specimens from
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F48573D82C03A78AE49BE2AA7D517468" name="Taiwan">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||||
were possibly collected deeper than
|
||||
<specimenCount id="6579F2623D45307AD4D4127C20DE1E92" count="100" type="generic">
|
||||
<quantity id="C3D4494913F1971FB86436676B86D83F" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="m" value="100.0">100 m</quantity>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</specimenCount>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="SECID0ESHAI" type="remarks">
|
||||
<paragraph id="17D07249ED45F2252B72C2DC30C39039">
|
||||
<heading id="BFAA2BDA23A6B592CAB3FB012C717FD7" reason="title">Remarks.</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="D67B11D529C1BF8C0168AB259B7A85CB">
|
||||
We have not examined the
|
||||
<typeStatus id="8B2F2F1CCA94F024AF81F08FEB3B8583" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<collectionCode id="C7EB1992298CB01C965FB9573C9AFA1E" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" type="Museum">RMNH</collectionCode>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<collectionCode id="3CEAB8A702296AF09E1C1BF8DD23DB36">PISC</collectionCode>
|
||||
. 7174) directly; however,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="024E91CEEDE6B2A5122C2C8ADF296E56" author="McCosker JE" editor="Heemstra PC & Heemstra E & Ebert DA & Holleman W & Randall JE" firstAuthor="McCosker" journalOrPublisher="Vol. 2. South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Makhanda" pagination="101-137" refId="B20" refString="McCosker JE (2022) Family Ophichthidae, Snake-eels, sand-eels and worm-eels. In: Heemstra PC, Heemstra E, Ebert DA, Holleman W, Randall JE (Eds) Coastal Fishes of the Western Indian Ocean. Vol. 2. South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Makhanda, 101–137." title="Family Ophichthidae, Snake-eels, sand-eels and worm-eels." volumeTitle="Coastal Fishes of the Western Indian Ocean." year="2022">McCosker (2022)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
noted the
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0E3HAI" xlink_title="Mean vertebral formula">MVF</abbrev>
|
||||
of that
|
||||
<typeStatus id="EB12A195FD2C3DC12DC0042DB7394037" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="65438FA9D15EFE122013327FF1DBF507" baseAuthorityName="Bleeker" baseAuthorityYear="1853" family="Ophichthidae" genus="Ophichthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macrochir">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BE5F98D68F58DEC4C218E7BFF02C7B5C" italics="true">O. macrochir</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is 11 / 70 / 221, the only available data for the
|
||||
<typeStatus id="19075A17DD1C9B80739CA258AE0D6C3A" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="D9408F2097A33E3E8964ACED1D8BF4A6" DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4060.1.11" author="McCosker JE & Ho H-C" firstAuthor="McCosker" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pagination="71-85" refId="B21" refString="McCosker JE, Ho H-C (2015) New species of the snake eels Echelus and Ophichthus (Anguilliformes: Ophichthidae) from Taiwan. Zootaxa 4060: 71–85. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4060.1.11" title="New species of the snake eels Echelus and Ophichthus (Anguilliformes: Ophichthidae) from Taiwan." volume="4060" year="2015">McCosker and Ho (2015)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
provided the range of the total number of vertebrae of the species as
|
||||
<quantity id="D19098E1A96865A2D0D2CF8DB30EFA28" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.3975" metricValueMax="5.5372" metricValueMin="5.2578" unit="in" value="212.5" valueMax="218.0" valueMin="207.0">207–218 in</quantity>
|
||||
the key based on specimens collected from
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F04FDF45F8C88F93157D0D6CCEF14CBF" name="Taiwan">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A8BCD10C5358CEB0390F6C9ED2097235" baseAuthorityName="Bleeker" baseAuthorityYear="1853" family="Ophichthidae" genus="Ophichthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macrochir">
|
||||
<emphasis id="5CD8838FE7EFA5108B749D134FB60D40" italics="true">Ophichthus macrochir</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
has been recorded from several regions with morphological information (cf.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="69C2BA72A313E11B5DA25CA4BB2BED82" DOI="10.1896/054.064.0104" author="Allen and Erdmann" firstAuthor="Allen" refId="B1" refString="Allen GR, Erdmann MV (2012) Reef fishes of the East Indies. Volumes I. Tropical Reef Research, Perth Australia, x + 424 pp. https://doi.org/10.1896/054.064.0104" year="2012">Allen and Erdmann 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="BA5EAA902474B2F2029924EE9837708B" author="Hibino" editor="Koeda K & Ho H-C" firstAuthor="Hibino" journalOrPublisher="National Museum of Marine Biology & Aquarium, Pingtung" pagination="118-154" refId="B9" refString="Hibino Y (2019) Ophichthidae. In: Koeda K, Ho H-C (Eds) Fishes of Southern Taiwan. National Museum of Marine Biology & Aquarium, Pingtung, 118–154." title="Ophichthidae." volumeTitle="Fishes of Southern Taiwan." year="2019">Hibino 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="08754D3DBD5CEB1A7F07D7B40135A319" author="McCosker" editor="Heemstra PC & Heemstra E & Ebert DA & Holleman W & Randall JE" firstAuthor="McCosker" journalOrPublisher="Vol. 2. South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Makhanda" pagination="101-137" refId="B20" refString="McCosker JE (2022) Family Ophichthidae, Snake-eels, sand-eels and worm-eels. In: Heemstra PC, Heemstra E, Ebert DA, Holleman W, Randall JE (Eds) Coastal Fishes of the Western Indian Ocean. Vol. 2. South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Makhanda, 101–137." title="Family Ophichthidae, Snake-eels, sand-eels and worm-eels." volumeTitle="Coastal Fishes of the Western Indian Ocean." year="2022">McCosker 2022</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
), but diagnostic characters were uncertain. In addition, some elongate species have been described or redescribed as valid species in recent years (e. g.,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="16DA8DEEF26E9D4B7A27F6A3885E7267" DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4586.1.13" author="Mishra" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Mishra" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pagination="194-200" refId="B25" refString="Mishra SS, Mohapatra A, Ray D, Mohanty SR, Tudu PC (2019) Ophichthus chilkensis Chaudhuri, 1916 (Anguilliformes: Ophichthidae) – resurrection as a valid species from India, with re-description. Zootaxa 4586: 194–200. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4586.1.13" title="Ophichthus chilkensis Chaudhuri, 1916 (Anguilliformes: Ophichthidae) - resurrection as a valid species from India, with re-description." volume="4586" year="2019">Mishra et al. 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
; this study). Based on only our examination and vertebral information of the
|
||||
<typeStatus id="AF7A64BD3B9E728B11125BC7A66ED44C" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
, a new diagnosis is provided herein.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="28BE467FD336BD353F746C37F4882F8A">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="72E5A1CE90AB98818706782DAF3C5DCB" authority="Chen, 1929" authorityName="Chen" authorityYear="1929" family="Ophichthidae" genus="Ophisurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="woosuitingi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="56E5D3DD3859FC48379C7393937CD5E9" italics="true">Ophisurus woosuitingi</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="E8C6FACE72ED7B202F5E4A7DE802B479" author="Chen JTF" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Biology Department, Science College, Sun Yatsen University" pagination="1-46" refId="B5" refString="Chen JTF (1929) A review of the Apodal fishes of Kwangtung. Bulletin of the Biology Department, Science College, Sun Yatsen University 1: 1-46. [pls 1 - 3]" title="A review of the Apodal fishes of Kwangtung." volume="1" year="1929">Chen, 1929</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
was originally described based on a single specimen collected from Kwangtung, southern
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="E9C44C45A595B67B2A23D470AFA388AB" name="China">China</collectingCountry>
|
||||
. We could not access the
|
||||
<typeStatus id="92EC05BAD70874EB455BA7EDFE913779" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="CA6B7B5DB7944645083BCE9AB2B1E7BF" authorityName="Chen" authorityYear="1929" family="Ophichthidae" genus="Ophisurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="woosuitingi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="2950F2577089AD1E27C668077DA371AF" italics="true">O. woosuitingi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, but the description includes detailed information on its morphological features, with good illustrations of the head and anterior trunk. According to
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="7101CDE3057D270B958D4CF465292DF3" author="Chen JTF" firstAuthor="Chen" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Biology Department, Science College, Sun Yatsen University" pagination="1-46" refId="B5" refString="Chen JTF (1929) A review of the Apodal fishes of Kwangtung. Bulletin of the Biology Department, Science College, Sun Yatsen University 1: 1–46. [pls 1–3]" title="A review of the Apodal fishes of Kwangtung." volume="1" year="1929">Chen (1929)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, the species has the following morphological features: strongly wrinkled body; head 6.0 %
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EGKAI" xlink_title="Total lengths">TL</abbrev>
|
||||
; body depth 1.4 %
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EKKAI" xlink_title="Total lengths">TL</abbrev>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<quantity id="4047EBDC9CFE14A06C6EA69831F798F0" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.79832" unit="in" value="70.8">70.8 in</quantity>
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EOKAI" xlink_title="Total lengths">TL</abbrev>
|
||||
); eye 6.2 %
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0ESKAI" xlink_title="head lengths">HL</abbrev>
|
||||
; snout 18.7 %
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EWKAI" xlink_title="head lengths">HL</abbrev>
|
||||
; pectoral-fin length ~ 20 %
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0E1KAI" xlink_title="head lengths">HL</abbrev>
|
||||
; dorsal-fin origin slightly behind the tip of the pectoral fin;
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0E5KAI" xlink_title="supraorbital pores">SO</abbrev>
|
||||
? 1 (ethmoid not obvious) + 4,
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0ECLAI" xlink_title="preoperculomandibular pores">POM</abbrev>
|
||||
5 + 2; preanal lateral-line pores 68; teeth on maxilla mostly uniserial, on mandible biserial; teeth on vomer bi- or triserial; body color uniformly blackish. It is evident that
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="7799E82AA4B691C3301F5CC86B690802" authorityName="Chen" authorityYear="1929" family="Ophichthidae" genus="Ophisurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="woosuitingi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="864D73CBFCE602E24596C796F525B08E" italics="true">O. woosuitingi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is a junior synonym of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="5C2A6E8AC538731D678E542D322981BB" baseAuthorityName="Bleeker" baseAuthorityYear="1853" family="Ophichthidae" genus="Ophichthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macrochir">
|
||||
<emphasis id="D8D495BCF971EA89EEFE6C9803CF13C0" italics="true">O. macrochir</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, although
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="33E06AC3217A5EE64855AA6198DADFD4" author="Tang W-Q & Zhang C-G" firstAuthor="Tang" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Shanghai Ocean University" pagination="16-22" refId="B32" refString="Tang W-Q, Zhang C-G (2004) A taxonomic study on snake eel family Ophichthidae in China with the review of Ophichthidae (Pisces, Anguilliformes). Journal of the Shanghai Ocean University 13: 16–22. [In Chinese with English abstract]" title="A taxonomic study on snake eel family Ophichthidae in China with the review of Ophichthidae (Pisces, Anguilliformes)." volume="13" year="2004">Tang and Zhang (2004)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
considered this name to be valid and separated it from
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="600F4F395D49481966E81D6412665720" baseAuthorityName="Bleeker" baseAuthorityYear="1853" family="Ophichthidae" genus="Ophichthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macrochir">
|
||||
<emphasis id="97DF0004F2DE3E04B6F28AECBCC5AD7E" italics="true">O. macrochir</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="A5F8CA779185BB3A5E846E23426A7B74">
|
||||
Based on our extensive examination of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4F324FAC93D503A898292CA2561DE16B" baseAuthorityName="Bleeker" baseAuthorityYear="1853" family="Ophichthidae" genus="Ophichthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macrochir">
|
||||
<emphasis id="58AC64571F68D25CBAABA0BD97FB0388" italics="true">O. macrochir</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, including specimens from various localities in the northwestern Pacific, we were unable to differentiate it from the Indian species
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="92E636BAB7F69E067A42137CD3F19518" authorityName="Chaudhuri" authorityYear="1916" family="Ophichthidae" genus="Ophichthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chilkensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="69A94D7463E719F5DA11D8352329E072" italics="true">O. chilkensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
based on the counts and measurements except for the protrusions on the upper lip (1 vs 2; Table
|
||||
<tableCitation id="1D82FDE0889153C26F437A986256FCB1" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="T2" captionText="Table 2. Selected morphological and meristic characteristics of eight elongate Ophichthus species. Data source: 1. This study; 2. Mishra et al. 2019; 3. Kodeeswaran et al. 2023; 4. McCosker 2010; 5. Lee and Asano 1997." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/1ED6C1F0F0A50100C9F749DD9FBE297B" tableUuid="1ED6C1F0F0A50100C9F749DD9FBE297B">2</tableCitation>
|
||||
). According to the redescription by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="28E6C3D2155F98E33B3C6AF5D4A53B73" DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4586.1.13" author="Mishra SS & Mohapatra A & Ray D & Mohanty SR & Tudu PC" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Mishra" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pagination="194-200" refId="B25" refString="Mishra SS, Mohapatra A, Ray D, Mohanty SR, Tudu PC (2019) Ophichthus chilkensis Chaudhuri, 1916 (Anguilliformes: Ophichthidae) – resurrection as a valid species from India, with re-description. Zootaxa 4586: 194–200. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4586.1.13" title="Ophichthus chilkensis Chaudhuri, 1916 (Anguilliformes: Ophichthidae) - resurrection as a valid species from India, with re-description." volume="4586" year="2019">Mishra et al. (2019)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, differences in fin coloration can distinguish
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="49CECEC4220883E9B269B7C18A6C5758" authorityName="Chaudhuri" authorityYear="1916" family="Ophichthidae" genus="Ophichthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chilkensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="12EEA6ADF8CC26837009FFDA70158E2A" italics="true">O. chilkensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
from
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="8EFCFB0D1EA1B112BFE37417F0D0EA5E" baseAuthorityName="Bleeker" baseAuthorityYear="1853" family="Ophichthidae" genus="Ophichthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macrochir">
|
||||
<emphasis id="6BAA31BB7D25B26564739F5AD5D6968C" italics="true">O. macrochir</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(dark gray to black vs dull white with posterior 1 / 3 of anal fin dark). Our investigation shows that the distribution of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="6E02C1735C2A24FD991F314278BB1007" baseAuthorityName="Bleeker" baseAuthorityYear="1853" family="Ophichthidae" genus="Ophichthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macrochir">
|
||||
<emphasis id="09BB4913D8EC554FA05DBE73B6945CBC" italics="true">O. macrochir</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is restricted to the western Pacific, and the Indian records of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="528A0875AD145F54076BD4D7F6A5E17F" baseAuthorityName="Bleeker" baseAuthorityYear="1853" family="Ophichthidae" genus="Ophichthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macrochir">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7EAE8F505EB980BFEFB96A4F71F742EE" italics="true">O. macrochir</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
might have been misidentifications of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="18E689BEE7CFEFCFA59E2BB4D63FC2C7" authorityName="Chaudhuri" authorityYear="1916" family="Ophichthidae" genus="Ophichthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chilkensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4D2380EF7E53439D4118AFB9E35B8917" italics="true">O. chilkensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
311
data/FA/E4/22/FAE422C66426522CB71EAE9315D6ACD9.xml
Normal file
311
data/FA/E4/22/FAE422C66426522CB71EAE9315D6ACD9.xml
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,311 @@
|
|||
<document id="30354070163CDEB8738B911C66551DA1" ID-DOI="10.3897/zookeys.1231.142729" ID-ZooBank="3848521C-41B0-4D10-9130-2E4227A27484" ID-publisher-id="142729" URI-arpha="5745BC4F-E4D4-5267-922C-693992A4037F" URI-zoobank="http://zoobank.org/3848521C-41B0-4D10-9130-2E4227A27484" article-type="research-article" checkinTime="1741890239035" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Xiao, Yunlu & Xiao, Ning" docDate="2025" docId="FAE422C66426522CB71EAE9315D6ACD9" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1231: 347-370" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1231" docSource="https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/142729/download/xml/" docStyle="DocumentStyle:PensoftTaxPub.0000.journal_article.generic" docStyleName="PensoftTaxPub.0000.journal_article.generic" docTitle="Bathyplotes varicolumna Xiao & Xiao, 2025, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" dtd-version="3.0" lastPageNumber="370" masterDocId="5745BC4FE4D45267922C693992A4037F" masterDocTitle="Description of four new synallactid species (Holothuroidea, Synallactida, Synallactidae) from the tropical Western Pacific Ocean" masterLastPageNumber="370" masterPageNumber="347" pageNumber="347" updateTime="1741890747897" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||||
<mods:mods id="789DB1269B1DA0F9743C2900A62A8A4D" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||||
<mods:titleInfo id="DA631B00246D584626183C8E91065C59">
|
||||
<mods:title id="AB0888D16A9DD01F53D3E0B459E2D4C4">Description of four new synallactid species (Holothuroidea, Synallactida, Synallactidae) from the tropical Western Pacific Ocean</mods:title>
|
||||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:name id="0E20F303EF2CF7C2D9B0262184380984" type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role id="D6261A3D0BF3DE18A41A32F4173F02F1">
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm id="1DC4585B71103035FA4D6D777052B549">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="C8C96C11610AE0B9C55A76E33A214836">Xiao, Yunlu</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:nameIdentifier id="1045C2B5A8EE4FB37C18E8466093A3AB" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9787-033X</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation id="7965EB01885CE3E71CDA1F053375266F">Department of Marine Organism Taxonomy and Phylogeny, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China & Institute of Deep-sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya 572000, China & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China</mods:affiliation>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:name id="1B21AAD47BD1877D25F6E9924C5DC02E" type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role id="E2D6A94721A6E38BCE709055365865FE">
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm id="9C45BD85409386FED85D89DB485FFD8A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="DDADBA584CAB5ED036D124CB9D8D6870">Xiao, Ning</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation id="9CF2FD4CA61A06936964953C98A34E77">Department of Marine Organism Taxonomy and Phylogeny, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China & Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao, China</mods:affiliation>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:typeOfResource id="1EF91FCD332881BBDFA81E59EA5DA2AB">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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|
||||
<mods:title id="F359F3B46F428BD8912D26380D83A223">ZooKeys</mods:title>
|
||||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:part id="1F1F02ADDCFC0CBA0F137D666DB48D28">
|
||||
<mods:date id="40D7FCD98A1531D73ABADC9C69FEEC7D">2025</mods:date>
|
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<mods:detail id="8D0B52DCAF146004FB50C3D014DFC1EA" type="pubDate">
|
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<mods:number id="D25B725F8B0D8CF2C581959B64D94ABD">2025-03-13</mods:number>
|
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</mods:detail>
|
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<mods:detail id="B3C93F2BCC05F0DB3FDB7A49427190ED" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="673E5D13A15E5C4A7743E1AE42F8FF24">1231</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="310C924661342D27EA77CEB70FA90753">347</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="AF7FF04C40617CF07ACC344C5D215D41">370</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
|
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</mods:relatedItem>
|
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<mods:classification id="118BA86A8067A090BB336BCEF0F2309D">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="BAA1A07DBB9453226C8994E3BD8FD8DF" type="DOI">10.3897/zookeys.1231.142729</mods:identifier>
|
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<mods:identifier id="A9C5825875E088B791651B0264BA2D74" type="ZooBank">3848521C-41B0-4D10-9130-2E4227A27484</mods:identifier>
|
||||
</mods:mods>
|
||||
<treatment id="FAE422C66426522CB71EAE9315D6ACD9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15021491" ID-Zenodo-Dep="15021491" ID-arpha="FAE422C6-6426-522C-B71E-AE9315D6ACD9" ID-zoobank="https://zoobank.org/7E4D63FA-EB18-4906-96BB-57E8B25315B8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FAE422C66426522CB71EAE9315D6ACD9" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:7E4D63FA-EB18-4906-96BB-57E8B25315B8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/FAE422C66426522CB71EAE9315D6ACD9">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="57072F18226E4E8A1F85F4F706A77D4C" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph id="0DB7B6DABEB3A8DF93DCFE6295498031">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="9643AB71B267CF91AC59357672931E5D" authorityName="Xiao & Xiao" authorityYear="2025" class="Holothuroidea" family="Synallactidae" genus="Bathyplotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Synallactida" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="varicolumna" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="9841210DE6186362E4B9F9207957F858" italics="true">Bathyplotes varicolumna</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E6C9485C6DB531C19A45B7FE04ECAE9B" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="94EEF26B3EC4ED2D9F5F44D3F9455AC7" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="FAD4D00090223E83974A37E3146ECB1F">
|
||||
<figureCitation id="51A606033A71DF013A2DBB79BBE734F3" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Bathyplotes varicolumna sp. nov. holotype: MBM 286925 A in situ image B tentacles C dorsal view D ventral view. Scale bar: 3 cm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1231.142729.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1279839">Figs 4</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="0935094AD0E39555EA8EE0570B647A8D" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. SEM images of Bathyplotes varicolumna sp. nov. holotype: MBM 286925. Ossicles from A dorsal papillae B ventral body wall C ventral tube feet D tentacles E ‘ fungiform’ whitish warts. Scale bars: 100 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1231.142729.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1279840">5</figureCitation>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="SECID0EMWAE" type="material">
|
||||
<paragraph id="AA8C61ED507F2C686ACDF42DE9442407">
|
||||
<heading id="8F8E07859A9A858754F6CDF992C5DEA3" reason="title">Material examined.</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="693506D92AE53A82085095B25A4D23C0">
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="B394334DF8DAE5DAFE0823A4C9BC1212" collectingDate="2017-08-21" collectionCode="CN" county="Dive" elevation="1195" latitude="10.584" location="West Pacific" longLatPrecision="13" longitude="140.12117" municipality="Caroline Ridge" specimenCode="C 144, MBM 286925" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BACE07C67F6CA53EC29968F01F5385D9" bold="true" italics="true">
|
||||
<typeStatus id="14BB8435EB4E0392A97FD3F1215A6429" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
•
|
||||
<location id="E206B674A0E51FDE6546E3669FB5C216" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FAE422C66426522CB71EAE9315D6ACD9:E206B674A0E51FDE6546E3669FB5C216" county="Dive" latitude="10.584" longLatPrecision="13" longitude="140.12117" municipality="Caroline Ridge" name="West Pacific">West Pacific</location>
|
||||
, the
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EXWAE" xlink_title="Caroline">M 4</abbrev>
|
||||
<location id="063EA9CE85C174F872A07E27031465BF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FAE422C66426522CB71EAE9315D6ACD9:063EA9CE85C174F872A07E27031465BF" county="Dive" latitude="10.584" longLatPrecision="13" longitude="140.12117" municipality="Caroline Ridge" name="Seamount">Seamount</location>
|
||||
located in the
|
||||
<collectingMunicipality id="C9276DFDB1AD8288E70199CEAD6E5629">Caroline Ridge</collectingMunicipality>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCounty id="A2AEF086247AB3A0727B652DDB78EA97">Dive</collectingCounty>
|
||||
FX-Dive 137 (
|
||||
<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0E5WAE" specific-use="{"type":"Point","coordinates":[140.121167,10.584000]}">
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="4CA258343CBA79354B29C73A715AD138" degrees="10" direction="north" minutes="35.04" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="10.584">10 ° 35.04 ' N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="E6052E437D82C49ED029DCA4A902755F" degrees="140" direction="east" minutes="07.27" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="140.12117">140 ° 07.27 ' E</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
</named-content>
|
||||
), depth
|
||||
<quantity id="91827E6372C0E7208E01FAF8F745C35A" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1949999999999998" unit="m" value="1195.0">
|
||||
<elevation id="DB1D93CDD58121AE88D6D5936D43E865" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1949999999999998" unit="m" value="1195.0">1195 m</elevation>
|
||||
</quantity>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<date id="FD0D998472BB22EF7A0284DAD0F8A7F9" value="2017-08-21">
|
||||
<collectingDate id="C2E5DE136B57FEAA89CCF10D1D60B915" value="2017-08-21">21 Aug. 2017</collectingDate>
|
||||
</date>
|
||||
, preserved in 95 % ethanol,
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EDXAE" xlink_title="collection number">
|
||||
<collectionCode id="815C1419271FC3BBD04BC3474E66240D" country="United Kingdom" name="Wellcome Collection of Bacteria, Burroughs Wellcome Research Laboratories">CN</collectionCode>
|
||||
</abbrev>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<specimenCode id="F47255EC4CA56D8A77C54DCDB89A94B1" collectionCode="CN" country="United Kingdom" name="Wellcome Collection of Bacteria, Burroughs Wellcome Research Laboratories">C 144</specimenCode>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EHXAE" xlink_title="registration number">RN</abbrev>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<specimenCode id="6377F65DBEA0445C0FCBDAE7FDF877B6" collectionCode="MBM" country="0" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/fc7c-p25f" name="San Jose State University, Museum of Birds and Mammals" type="">MBM 286925</specimenCode>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="SECID0ELXAE" type="diagnosis">
|
||||
<paragraph id="57C8A3333A0F816F0C5971A9828CCA7A">
|
||||
<heading id="770763968B831F97034623B8B45FD579" reason="title">Diagnosis.</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="7F7D1BEFB5FE637F1016EDAC3CC4B1EB">Body elongated, ventrally flattened. Mouth ventral, anus terminal. Peltate tentacles 16. Dorsal surface with scattered large papillae and laterally with a simple row of small papillae. The dorsal side irregularly arranged with several low ‘ fungiform’ whitish warts. Ventral surface with scattered minute tube feet. Dorsal body wall lacking ossicles. Papillae cross-shaped tables and rods, tables with 4–7 arms, 3–5 pillars, and without transverse beams. Cross-shaped tables with single pillars in low whitish warts. Cross-shaped tables with single pillars, support rods, and irregular shaped ossicles in the ventral body wall. Cross-like discs of tables, perforated plates, and support rods in ventral tube feet. Rods, smaller tables, and irregular deposits in tentacles.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="SECID0EQXAE" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="6F536A4989BC1A82B7DFBF16622341FD">
|
||||
<heading id="217FADCCA07D57BF2E4522D81A2BB9B7" reason="title">Description.</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="E65DB47C35FCA5B3920EA04C90A1EA0B">
|
||||
Body elongated, ventrally flattened, body wall thin and pliable. Color pale pink in situ, and orange in life (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation id="417C70CA8E019A39F2F1E9A09669ADDF" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Bathyplotes varicolumna sp. nov. holotype: MBM 286925 A in situ image B tentacles C dorsal view D ventral view. Scale bar: 3 cm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1231.142729.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1279839">4 A, B</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Body
|
||||
<quantity id="748D5105313866D2461EF9AE463E0C47" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" unit="cm" value="24.0">24 cm</quantity>
|
||||
long and
|
||||
<quantity id="1709F195661CBD64B5DCFCF0F6BAE823" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" unit="cm" value="6.5">6.5 cm</quantity>
|
||||
wide in living specimen (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation id="4CC8F1320390734A580B78536B46DCE9" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Bathyplotes varicolumna sp. nov. holotype: MBM 286925 A in situ image B tentacles C dorsal view D ventral view. Scale bar: 3 cm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1231.142729.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1279839">4 C, D</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Mouth ventral, anus terminal. Peltate tentacles 16. Circum-oral papillae present (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation id="AE20636B6D507FD6A6F266C5173978FA" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Bathyplotes varicolumna sp. nov. holotype: MBM 286925 A in situ image B tentacles C dorsal view D ventral view. Scale bar: 3 cm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1231.142729.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1279839">4 B</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Bivium with some scattered large papillae and laterally with a simple row of small papillae (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1485DDED702B2095269F6D88E4B5BAD2" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Bathyplotes varicolumna sp. nov. holotype: MBM 286925 A in situ image B tentacles C dorsal view D ventral view. Scale bar: 3 cm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1231.142729.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1279839">4 A, C</figureCitation>
|
||||
). A number of low whitish warts arranged along the two dorsal interradii (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation id="20716E14C0014A8B46E52BD552347167" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Bathyplotes varicolumna sp. nov. holotype: MBM 286925 A in situ image B tentacles C dorsal view D ventral view. Scale bar: 3 cm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1231.142729.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1279839">4 C</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Trivium with some scattered minute tube feet (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation id="EE81D7CC91BC593C6374B57C05FE7BA0" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Bathyplotes varicolumna sp. nov. holotype: MBM 286925 A in situ image B tentacles C dorsal view D ventral view. Scale bar: 3 cm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1231.142729.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1279839">4 B, D</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Ventral surface with three series (a middle series and one lateral series on each side) of tube feet (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation id="83647001FAF12BF7C8BE72DE6FACD851" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Bathyplotes varicolumna sp. nov. holotype: MBM 286925 A in situ image B tentacles C dorsal view D ventral view. Scale bar: 3 cm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1231.142729.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1279839">4 D</figureCitation>
|
||||
), the middle series forming multiple rows, occupying a third of the ventral surface, other two series forming two or three rows on each side. Brim narrow and retracted, formed by ventrolateral papillae (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation id="BC0FA61DA8A2E2F2F34DB2306C66DF6F" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Bathyplotes varicolumna sp. nov. holotype: MBM 286925 A in situ image B tentacles C dorsal view D ventral view. Scale bar: 3 cm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1231.142729.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1279839">4 A, B</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<emphasis id="34FD16CA480B52C1FEBC932556C92BD7" bold="true">
|
||||
<emphasis id="073EECE70E78624C959A2CE991753A4D" bold="true" italics="true">Ossicles</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
Dorsal body wall lacking ossicles. Dorsal papillae with tables and rods (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation id="F67F978AE3A8590021E0BB9233E2C6A8" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. SEM images of Bathyplotes varicolumna sp. nov. holotype: MBM 286925. Ossicles from A dorsal papillae B ventral body wall C ventral tube feet D tentacles E ‘ fungiform’ whitish warts. Scale bars: 100 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1231.142729.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1279840">5 A</figureCitation>
|
||||
), cross-shaped discs of tables 190–260 μm across, with 4–7 arms, each arm ~ 45–155 μm long, the ends of the arms enlarged and pierced with holes, the spires composed of 3–5 pillars, without transverse beams, the top of pillars fused, making the tip of spires spinous; rods curved, 280–315 μm long. Ventral body wall with tables, rods and irregularly shaped ossicles (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation id="EF03A60637FCE9A256C2F467B756E9FB" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. SEM images of Bathyplotes varicolumna sp. nov. holotype: MBM 286925. Ossicles from A dorsal papillae B ventral body wall C ventral tube feet D tentacles E ‘ fungiform’ whitish warts. Scale bars: 100 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1231.142729.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1279840">5 B</figureCitation>
|
||||
), cross-shaped discs of tables with four arms, and only one central pillar (often truncated); rods up to 95 μm. Cross-like discs of tables in ventral tube feet 100–222 μm across, with 1–4 pillars, without transverse beams, the top of pillars fused; terminal plates and rods also in tube feet (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation id="568B1EAC5B0CB6EC9B661521EAAD3776" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. SEM images of Bathyplotes varicolumna sp. nov. holotype: MBM 286925. Ossicles from A dorsal papillae B ventral body wall C ventral tube feet D tentacles E ‘ fungiform’ whitish warts. Scale bars: 100 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1231.142729.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1279840">5 C</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Rods, smaller tables, and irregular deposits in tentacles (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation id="6CFD44DDE6BCB34B63951B188E0D2A59" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. SEM images of Bathyplotes varicolumna sp. nov. holotype: MBM 286925. Ossicles from A dorsal papillae B ventral body wall C ventral tube feet D tentacles E ‘ fungiform’ whitish warts. Scale bars: 100 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1231.142729.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1279840">5 D</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Tables with four arms in low whitish warts similar to those in the ventral body wall, and possessing only one central pillar, the top of pillars often irregularly branched or truncated (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation id="6DA7F054E908A2428F812476EBD71CF3" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. SEM images of Bathyplotes varicolumna sp. nov. holotype: MBM 286925. Ossicles from A dorsal papillae B ventral body wall C ventral tube feet D tentacles E ‘ fungiform’ whitish warts. Scale bars: 100 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1231.142729.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1279840">5 E</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="02694E7CDD0300150D007B4B37B02FEA" ID-DOI="10.3897/zookeys.1231.142729.figure4" ID-arpha="9208667F-0931-5624-A6D6-2F76EE361C60" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1279839" startId="F4">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BF0D28C009EB541E74FBD3C19658072">
|
||||
<label id="3B189DFD393BF86C2E9C1E76CB168E99">Figure 4.</label>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="5DDEF47512B890468B37F0AAD319C42B">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="400AB6F50127D5393D0645E3F2A8886F" authorityName="Xiao & Xiao" authorityYear="2025" class="Holothuroidea" family="Synallactidae" genus="Bathyplotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Synallactida" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="varicolumna" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="2F5C2029D807CEBA54DFF3C0F6503F4D" italics="true">Bathyplotes varicolumna</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="575C956A1553B2F4AD1D94850FBE7BF9" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
holotype: MBM 286925
|
||||
<emphasis id="BA70D5A9F24174EA9E8752704FAE4107" bold="true">A</emphasis>
|
||||
in situ image
|
||||
<emphasis id="00012490349958DFF62DF87B7785ED4F" bold="true">B</emphasis>
|
||||
tentacles
|
||||
<emphasis id="48199351B9AE595F7057793165DB3068" bold="true">C</emphasis>
|
||||
dorsal view
|
||||
<emphasis id="BB67E3CFC16C03FBB1F4494336D3E7BC" bold="true">D</emphasis>
|
||||
ventral view. Scale bar: 3 cm.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<caption id="CCBD1CBA1B7939037FE17F7503E5FB4F" ID-DOI="10.3897/zookeys.1231.142729.figure5" ID-arpha="AD4D2ED7-1D58-5104-959C-DF77F27738E6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1279840" startId="F5">
|
||||
<paragraph id="0E7F37924826B6BD105FC3E8F708841B">
|
||||
<label id="3577F4BBDF810F7320E04FBFE1C1B272">Figure 5.</label>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="3588C729D4F9ED6A3F4D490BAFD98B68">
|
||||
<abbrev content-type="institution" id="ABBRID0E21AE" xlink_title="scanning electron microscope">SEM</abbrev>
|
||||
images of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="42025CE942AC91A9B2C83EDA277FF088" authorityName="Xiao & Xiao" authorityYear="2025" class="Holothuroidea" family="Synallactidae" genus="Bathyplotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Synallactida" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="varicolumna" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="083E0C0ABA29133C2DE863E42F4C5DAF" italics="true">Bathyplotes varicolumna</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="01395C949E1AFFA0261AC9F7CC18D972" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
holotype: MBM 286925. Ossicles from
|
||||
<emphasis id="54AA77D7E130DD6DE3407BAD2142FDD0" bold="true">A</emphasis>
|
||||
dorsal papillae
|
||||
<emphasis id="ED16F0BE87849CE697A335BBB3F0F62B" bold="true">B</emphasis>
|
||||
ventral body wall
|
||||
<emphasis id="E462359D73897D58942AA1C7083CA523" bold="true">C</emphasis>
|
||||
ventral tube feet
|
||||
<emphasis id="455059FB94305D58D556B6284DAD69BC" bold="true">D</emphasis>
|
||||
tentacles
|
||||
<emphasis id="E3361890BE3B859FF5F1BF4D3C9A910A" bold="true">E</emphasis>
|
||||
‘ fungiform’ whitish warts. Scale bars: 100 μm.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="SECID0EA3AE" type="type locality">
|
||||
<paragraph id="E14218BDE6A8DD654546955746D1B564">
|
||||
<heading id="47E1B3A2A0D0681340B8FA3F04DE328D" reason="title">Type locality.</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="901D8B240D3AB13EB607A6EA3B96CC95">
|
||||
The
|
||||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EG3AE" xlink_title="Caroline">M 4</abbrev>
|
||||
Seamount located in the Caroline Ridge of the tropical Western Pacific, depth
|
||||
<quantity id="E2E388F8FADD693FF124D087398F17B0" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1949999999999998" unit="m" value="1195.0">1195 m</quantity>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="SECID0EK3AE" type="etymology">
|
||||
<paragraph id="FF2F57F3DF66A480C78DA0225F21371A">
|
||||
<heading id="49824DD9EF796955E60DF3827BA8A166" reason="title">Etymology.</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="C4AAC558A20496CC9472A72B4CC92924">
|
||||
The Latin word
|
||||
<emphasis id="D2155EF57679A660A58BA4594582ACF0" italics="true">varicolumna</emphasis>
|
||||
means ‘ various pillars’ and is used to describe tables characterized by different
|
||||
<typeStatus id="EC6DBD17BA8C4F78F60B4AFAA7B6F171">types</typeStatus>
|
||||
of pillars.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="SECID0E13AE" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph id="22CD055A4443BDD3A81F555350A8C47F">
|
||||
<heading id="C7D9BD82A07802964EF06FC4B139B9CB" reason="title">Distribution.</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="01E5471A9FE0B3471AEDEC29DBF86B0D">
|
||||
Only known in its
|
||||
<typeStatus id="FE26164F2C039BA0636643F12898901C">type</typeStatus>
|
||||
locality.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="SECID0E63AE" type="remarks">
|
||||
<paragraph id="E9AAEBAF11737C4456D404B4C5E3732A">
|
||||
<heading id="83ED4EC8FCA7AB8F860CE8AE60330BF5" reason="title">Remarks.</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="04B52B140EAF9BDC909782814D775E83">
|
||||
The body of the new species, with a sole-like ventral side, and its tables featuring cross-shaped discs with typically three or four pillars, confirm its placement within the genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="723D5238F1D879060E95FA2B7F3F5B31" authorityName="Ostergren" authorityYear="1896" class="Holothuroidea" family="Synallactidae" genus="Bathyplotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Synallactida" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BFF2E6B0C8F7BA868225A8BE1079D35F" italics="true">Bathyplotes</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. In most
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="5313DDC0191BBF0207F5092D9E9E654E">
|
||||
<emphasis id="997894A6971C944B89852FA1820D3F56" italics="true">Bathyplotes</emphasis>
|
||||
species
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, tables generally possess four pillars, rarely three or five. However, in the new species, tables exhibit a broader variation, with 1–5 pillars, and 4–7 arms, an uncommon variation within this genus. Among the known species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="FF8AE08B6AF1F4E4942F73DD88524669" authorityName="Ostergren" authorityYear="1896" class="Holothuroidea" family="Synallactidae" genus="Bathyplotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Synallactida" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="0FBDE90609CF6DF14A124788C183D712" italics="true">Bathyplotes</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, the morphology of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="57F6755AEA4B8EEAB6667E82FED832C8" authorityName="Xiao & Xiao" authorityYear="2025" class="Holothuroidea" family="Synallactidae" genus="Bathyplotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Synallactida" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="varicolumna" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BE4380D17E9CA4C46B73E04F94F42405" italics="true">Bathyplotes varicolumna</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E114A35B21145A7BFD02C39D52E38B37" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
most closely resembles that of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="6EC5037DC82CE6CAF8EDE8D7577941D6" baseAuthorityName="Theel" baseAuthorityYear="1886" class="Holothuroidea" family="Synallactidae" genus="Bathyplotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Synallactida" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="moseleyi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="3F1BA7808E2A6C453951379755877C05" italics="true">B. moseleyi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. Both species share tables with numerous arms and dorsal interradii bearing numerous low whitish warts.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="C4253227350C68AEAFAC768F2891BE7D">
|
||||
Nonetheless, the new species can be distinguished from
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="1E4D5F384966C7D8BEA9C81984DC9EB2" baseAuthorityName="Theel" baseAuthorityYear="1886" class="Holothuroidea" family="Synallactidae" genus="Bathyplotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Synallactida" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="moseleyi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8B5A5E44341F06A8AD0D6FABD6BDC98" italics="true">B. moseleyi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
by the following differences: 1) Both
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="E1FA065D545B583433F2D58E65196024" baseAuthorityName="Theel" baseAuthorityYear="1886" class="Holothuroidea" family="Synallactidae" genus="Bathyplotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Synallactida" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="moseleyi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="E6C12C554654875924BD98C424E3D786" italics="true">B. moseleyi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and the new species possess three series of tube feet on the ventral surface: a middle series and one lateral series on each side. However, the middle tube feet in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="940A469AD4279B554A4FFB5A04B1F332" baseAuthorityName="Theel" baseAuthorityYear="1886" class="Holothuroidea" family="Synallactidae" genus="Bathyplotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Synallactida" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="moseleyi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="9BEFD77BA042855BBF3BD249AA862D44" italics="true">B. moseleyi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
are arranged in a thin double row, whereas the middle tube feet in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A8128BE22D6E647D9AD04C57CDF801DB" authorityName="Xiao & Xiao" authorityYear="2025" class="Holothuroidea" family="Synallactidae" genus="Bathyplotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Synallactida" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="varicolumna" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="952ED31A0115B5CDB9B29650FE9368AF" italics="true">B. varicolumna</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="4B383EAA898297E3F7355603F4CB3D96" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
are scattered irregularly and broadly along the midventral radius. 2) In
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="8F88AD475AF07E0FA883DA1A2A65EE9A" baseAuthorityName="Theel" baseAuthorityYear="1886" class="Holothuroidea" family="Synallactidae" genus="Bathyplotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Synallactida" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="moseleyi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="6FCF9FD09D56E0570A2C19A11B57A718" italics="true">B. moseleyi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, tables have discs with 4–8 arms, and their spires are formed by four pillars and one, rarely two transverse beams, or are often entirely devoid of transverse beams. In contrast, the tables in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="5103DEEB38AFE67C114A15DFE32BC4F4" authorityName="Xiao & Xiao" authorityYear="2025" class="Holothuroidea" family="Synallactidae" genus="Bathyplotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Synallactida" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="varicolumna" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7D921FE4016F2B5BB5BC647A2153005E" italics="true">B. varicolumna</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="07BEDCD42964683601C47F11F25AE13B" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
have discs with 4–7 arms, and their spires consist of 1–5 pillars without transverse beams. 3) The tube feet of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="01AABFE9A1202A5FE3804CF61DCCAF22" baseAuthorityName="Theel" baseAuthorityYear="1886" class="Holothuroidea" family="Synallactidae" genus="Bathyplotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Synallactida" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="moseleyi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="5CCC895E26147A13D80F9479ECE93CBE" italics="true">B. moseleyi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
contain support rods, whereas those of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="70DC8650CD73F068D2B1C346EFB9D8F8" authorityName="Xiao & Xiao" authorityYear="2025" class="Holothuroidea" family="Synallactidae" genus="Bathyplotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Synallactida" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="varicolumna" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="6634A16537B54099D0E4FA17CE0BD4F4" italics="true">B. varicolumna</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="BB6DFD7D503EE0259E94B8380116E81E" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
possess tables and terminal plates in addition to rods. 4) In
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="470068C06E2AEA16E6D8D54AEDAFE65D" baseAuthorityName="Theel" baseAuthorityYear="1886" class="Holothuroidea" family="Synallactidae" genus="Bathyplotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Synallactida" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="moseleyi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A35E1D523CB0299BA6C05C8DE4E0EA01" italics="true">B. moseleyi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, whitish warts contain only a few rods at their ends. In
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="19B31830087304A9BD6E7D91108A08BE" authorityName="Xiao & Xiao" authorityYear="2025" class="Holothuroidea" family="Synallactidae" genus="Bathyplotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Synallactida" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="varicolumna" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="D056E303337464FDC21E45EE9BDA0384" italics="true">B. varicolumna</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="92409409A6285C021EE1DED2EC65E864" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
, however, the predominant ossicles are four-armed tables with cross-shaped discs, supported by a single central pillar that is often irregularly branched or truncated at the top.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
Loading…
Reference in a new issue