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)
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<bibRefCitation id="9867FCECFFD8FFB6FD34FD25FC3DFD5A" author="Burckhardt D &amp; Malenovsky I &amp; Queiroz DL &amp; Alene DC &amp; Cho G &amp; Percy DM" box="[659,920,652,677]" pageId="3" pageNumber="576" pagination="387 - 421" refId="ref5591" refString="Burckhardt D, LS S, Malenovsky I, Queiroz DL, Alene DC, Cho G, Percy DM. 2023. Phylogeny and classification of jumping plant lice of the subfamily Liviinae (Hemiptera: Psylloidea: Liviidae) based on molecular and morphological data. Zool J Linn Soc. 201 (2): 387-421. doi: 10.1093 / zoolinnean / zlad 128." type="journal article" year="2023">
Burckhardt
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<treatment id="745F300BFFD8FFBCFEA9FE32FC65FA78" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:745F300BFFD8FFBCFEA9FE32FC65FA78" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/745F300BFFD8FFBCFEA9FE32FC65FA78" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="582" pageId="3" pageNumber="576">
<subSubSection id="B4ECD296FFD8FFB6FEA9FE32FBB0FE49" box="[270,1045,411,438]" pageId="3" pageNumber="576" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="FC49811DFFD8FFB6FEA9FE32FBB0FE49" blockId="3.[270,1045,411,438]" box="[270,1045,411,438]" pageId="3" pageNumber="576">
<heading id="A7013671FFD8FFB6FEA9FE32FBB0FE49" bold="true" box="[270,1045,411,438]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="576" reason="3">
<emphasis id="CE825D0FFFD8FFB6FEA9FE32FBB0FE49" bold="true" box="[270,1045,411,438]" pageId="3" pageNumber="576">
<taxonomicName id="3BF6FA9EFFD8FFB6FEA9FE32FC63FE49" authority="Burckhardt, Alene and Serbina" authorityName="Burckhardt, Alene and Serbina" authorityYear="2025" box="[270,966,411,438]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Hypericaceae" genus="Lilaoshia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="576" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="psorospermi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="CE825D0FFFD8FFB6FEA9FE32FD8DFE49" bold="true" box="[270,552,411,438]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="576">Lilaoshia psorospermi</emphasis>
Burckhardt, Aléné and Serbina
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D5B1E074FFD8FFB6FC69FE32FBB0FE49" box="[974,1045,411,438]" pageId="3" pageNumber="576" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B4ECD296FFD8FFB6FDE5FE65FC50FD7D" pageId="3" pageNumber="576" type="description">
<paragraph id="FC49811DFFD8FFB6FDE5FE65FD44FE18" blockId="3.[578,737,460,487]" box="[578,737,460,487]" pageId="3" pageNumber="576">
(
<figureCitation id="64CD9D98FFD8FFB6FDEDFE65FD7CFE18" box="[586,729,460,487]" captionStart-0="Figure 2" captionStart-1="Figure 3" captionStart-2="Figure 4" captionStart-3="Figure 5" captionStartId-0="4.[160,226,1401,1424]" captionStartId-1="5.[160,225,539,562]" captionStartId-2="5.[160,225,1643,1666]" captionStartId-3="6.[160,225,1709,1732]" captionTargetBox-0="[165,1151,144,1367]" captionTargetBox-1="[163,1153,142,507]" captionTargetBox-2="[163,1153,716,1608]" captionTargetBox-3="[163,1153,142,1678]" captionTargetId-0="figure-91@4.[163,1153,142,1370]" captionTargetId-1="figure-1@5.[163,1153,142,507]" captionTargetId-2="figure-54@5.[163,1153,716,1611]" captionTargetId-3="figure-3@6.[163,1153,142,1678]" captionTargetPageId-0="4" captionTargetPageId-1="5" captionTargetPageId-2="5" captionTargetPageId-3="6" captionText-0="Figure 2. Lilaoshia psorospermi Burckhardt, Aléné and Serbina sp. n.: (a) habitus, lateral view (reproduced from Burckhardt et al. 2023, by permission of the Linnean Society of London and Oxford University Press); (b) head with antennae, dorsal view; (c) apex of antenna with setae; (d) clypeus and rostrum, lateral view; (f) hind leg, lateral view; (g) forewing; (h) surface spinules in cell r1 anterior to bifurcation of M; (i) surface spinules in cell r1 near wing margin." captionText-1="Figure 3. Lilaoshia psorospermi Burckhardt, Aléné and Serbina sp. n., terminalia: (a) male terminalia, lateral view; (b) inner face of paramere, lateral view; (c) apex of proximal segment and distal two segments of aedeagus, lateral view; (d) female terminalia, lateral view. Scale bars = 0.1 mm." captionText-2="Figure 4. Lilaoshia psorospermi Burckhardt, Aléné and Serbina sp. n., fifth-instar immature: (a) habitus, dorsal view (left side); (b) antenna; (c) claws and tarsal arolium; (d) caudal plate, dorsal view (right side)." captionText-3="Figure 5. Lilaoshia psorospermi Burckhardt, Aléné and Serbina sp. n., biology: (a) Crematogaster striatulus ants tending adult and immature psyllids; (b) eggs, parasitised mummies and dead adult; (c) Camponotus ants construct a shelter around a female psyllid laying eggs; (d) old leaf with colony of adult and immature psyllids tended by Tapinoma ants; (e) psyllid colony with adult, immatures and eggs tended by Crematogaster striatulus ants after removing the cover; (f) cover over a psyllid colony built by C. striatulus ants; (g) shelter consisting of sand and plant debris built by C. striatulus." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14970800" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14970802" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14970804" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14970806" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/14970800/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/14970802/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/14970804/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/14970806/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="576">Figures 25</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FC49811DFFD8FFB6FF67FDC0FC50FD7D" blockId="3.[192,1013,617,677]" box="[192,1013,617,642]" pageId="3" pageNumber="576">
LSID
<uri id="88678D1FFFD8FFB6FF5EFDC0FC50FD7D" box="[249,1013,617,642]" pageId="3" pageNumber="576">
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
<uuid id="8850BBC8FFD8FFB6FDA7FDC0FC50FD7D" box="[512,1013,617,642]" pageId="3" pageNumber="576">641CC179-FAA7-4BD4-9F54-B6813D8802D1</uuid>
</uri>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="B4ECD296FFD8FFB6FF67FD25FC3DFD5A" box="[192,920,652,677]" pageId="3" pageNumber="576" type="multiple">
<paragraph id="FC49811DFFD8FFB6FF67FD25FC3DFD5A" blockId="3.[192,1013,617,677]" box="[192,920,652,677]" pageId="3" pageNumber="576">
<taxonomicName id="3BF6FA9EFFD8FFB6FF67FD25FD2DFD5A" authority="(Mifsud and Burckhardt)" baseAuthorityName="Mifsud and Burckhardt" box="[192,648,652,677]" class="Malacostraca" family="Mysidae" genus="Liella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mysida" pageId="3" pageNumber="576" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insolita">
<emphasis id="CE825D0FFFD8FFB6FF67FD25FF5DFD5A" box="[192,248,652,677]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="576">Liella</emphasis>
cf.
<emphasis id="CE825D0FFFD8FFB6FE87FD25FECAFD5A" box="[288,367,652,677]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="576">insolita</emphasis>
(Mifsud and Burckhardt)
</taxonomicName>
,
<bibRefCitation id="9867FCECFFD8FFB6FD34FD25FC3DFD5A" author="Burckhardt D &amp; Malenovsky I &amp; Queiroz DL &amp; Alene DC &amp; Cho G &amp; Percy DM" box="[659,920,652,677]" pageId="3" pageNumber="576" pagination="387 - 421" refId="ref5591" refString="Burckhardt D, LS S, Malenovsky I, Queiroz DL, Alene DC, Cho G, Percy DM. 2023. Phylogeny and classification of jumping plant lice of the subfamily Liviinae (Hemiptera: Psylloidea: Liviidae) based on molecular and morphological data. Zool J Linn Soc. 201 (2): 387-421. doi: 10.1093 / zoolinnean / zlad 128." type="journal article" year="2023">
Burckhardt
<emphasis id="CE825D0FFFD8FFB6FCB2FD25FCE0FD5A" box="[789,837,652,677]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="576">et al</emphasis>
. (2023)
</bibRefCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B4ECD296FFD8FFB6FF07FD4FFDD7FBFC" pageId="3" pageNumber="576" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="FC49811DFFD8FFB6FF07FD4FFEECFCFF" blockId="3.[160,329,742,768]" box="[160,329,742,768]" pageId="3" pageNumber="576">
<heading id="A7013671FFD8FFB6FF07FD4FFEECFCFF" bold="true" box="[160,329,742,768]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="576" reason="3">
<emphasis id="CE825D0FFFD8FFB6FF07FD4FFEECFCFF" bold="true" box="[160,329,742,768]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="576">
<typeStatus id="234D3FBFFFD8FFB6FF07FD4FFF7FFCFF" box="[160,218,742,768]" pageId="3" pageNumber="576">Type</typeStatus>
material
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FC49811DFFD8FFB6FF07FCB3FCF3FC41" blockId="3.[160,1156,794,1027]" pageId="3" pageNumber="576">
<materialsCitation id="4C9E8B40FFD8FFB6FF07FCB3FC84FC86" collectingDate="2017-10-28" collectionCode="NHMB" country="Cameroon" county="vicinity of Koutaba" elevation="1230" latitude="5.6702" location="near Tchouffa village" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="10.7884" municipality="Department of Noun" pageId="3" pageNumber="576" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="West Region" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="CE825D0FFFD8FFB6FF07FCB3FE51FCCC" bold="true" box="[160,500,794,819]" pageId="3" pageNumber="576">
<typeStatus id="234D3FBFFFD8FFB6FF07FCB3FEABFCCC" box="[160,270,794,819]" pageId="3" pageNumber="576" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
<specimenCount id="EAF04A94FFD8FFB6FEBEFCB3FEF3FCCC" box="[281,342,794,819]" pageId="3" pageNumber="576" type="male">male</specimenCount>
,
<collectingCountry id="84E1C18DFFD8FFB6FEC2FCB3FE51FCCC" box="[357,500,794,819]" name="Cameroon" pageId="3" pageNumber="576">CAMEROON</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
:
<collectingRegion id="3E324FFFFFD8FFB6FDA4FCB3FD33FCCC" box="[515,662,794,819]" pageId="3" pageNumber="576">West Region</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="1C2D1B67FFD8FFB6FD03FCB3FC32FCCC" box="[676,919,794,819]" pageId="3" pageNumber="576">Department of Noun</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingCounty id="1528F991FFD8FFB6FC02FCB3FB25FCCC" box="[933,1152,794,819]" pageId="3" pageNumber="576">vicinity of Koutaba</collectingCounty>
,
<location id="F929D7C6FFD8FFB6FF07FC94FE3CFCA9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:745F300BFFD8FFBCFEA9FE32FC65FA78:F929D7C6FFD8FFB6FF07FC94FE3CFCA9" box="[160,409,829,854]" country="Cameroon" county="vicinity of Koutaba" latitude="5.6702" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="10.7884" municipality="Department of Noun" name="near Tchouffa village" pageId="3" pageNumber="576" stateProvince="West Region">near Tchouffa village</location>
,
<geoCoordinate id="99C2E7DAFFD8FFB6FE0FFC94FDAAFCA9" box="[424,527,829,854]" degrees="5.6702" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="576" precision="5" value="5.6702">5.6702°N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="99C2E7DAFFD8FFB6FDB9FC94FD35FCA9" box="[542,656,829,854]" degrees="10.7884" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="576" precision="5" value="10.7884">10.7884°E</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="3B0E2CF8FFD8FFB6FD39FC94FD5CFCA9" box="[670,761,829,854]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.23" pageId="3" pageNumber="576" unit="m" value="1230.0">
<elevation id="77DB662EFFD8FFB6FD39FC94FD5CFCA9" box="[670,761,829,854]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.23" pageId="3" pageNumber="576" unit="m" value="1230.0">1230 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="8848A7DDFFD8FFB6FCAEFC94FC77FCA9" box="[777,978,829,854]" pageId="3" pageNumber="576" value="2017-10-28">
<collectingDate id="980C5E35FFD8FFB6FCAEFC94FC77FCA9" box="[777,978,829,854]" pageId="3" pageNumber="576" value="2017-10-28">28 October 2017</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<taxonomicName id="3BF6FA9EFFD8FFB6FC47FC94FE62FC86" authority="(D. C. Alene)" baseAuthorityName="D. C. Alene" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Hypericaceae" genus="Psorospermum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="576" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glaberrimum">
<emphasis id="CE825D0FFFD8FFB6FC47FC94FE95FC86" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="576">Psorospermum glaberrimum</emphasis>
(D.C. Aléné)
</taxonomicName>
#PF8 (
<collectionCode id="9AE719D8FFD8FFB6FDBBFCC9FDCCFC86" box="[540,617,864,889]" pageId="3" pageNumber="576">NHMB</collectionCode>
, dry mounted).
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="4C9E8B40FFD8FFB6FCE1FCC9FCF7FC41" collectingDate="2017-10-28" collectionCode="MMBC, NHMB" country="Cameroon" county="vicinity of Koutaba" elevation="1230" latitude="5.6702" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="10.7884" municipality="Department of Noun" pageId="3" pageNumber="576" specimenCount="183" specimenCount-female="19" specimenCount-immature="158" specimenCount-male="3" stateProvince="West Region" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis id="CE825D0FFFD8FFB6FCE1FCC9FBC1FC86" bold="true" box="[838,1124,864,889]" pageId="3" pageNumber="576">
<typeStatus id="234D3FBFFFD8FFB6FCE1FCC9FC66FC86" box="[838,963,864,889]" pageId="3" pageNumber="576" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
.
<collectingCountry id="84E1C18DFFD8FFB6FC74FCC9FBC1FC86" box="[979,1124,864,889]" name="Cameroon" pageId="3" pageNumber="576">CAMEROON</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
:
<specimenCount id="EAF04A94FFD8FFB6FBD1FCC9FF41FC64" count="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="576" type="male">3 males</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="EAF04A94FFD8FFB6FF48FC2BFEC9FC64" box="[239,364,898,923]" count="19" pageId="3" pageNumber="576" type="female">19 females</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="EAF04A94FFD8FFB6FED0FC2BFD87FC64" box="[375,546,898,923]" count="158" pageId="3" pageNumber="576" type="immature">158 immatures</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="EAF04A94FFD8FFB6FD8AFC2BFDD9FC64" box="[557,636,898,923]" pageId="3" pageNumber="576">3 skins</specimenCount>
, same collecting data as for holotype (
<collectionCode id="9AE719D8FFD8FFB6FB94FC2BFB25FC64" box="[1075,1152,898,923]" pageId="3" pageNumber="576">MMBC</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="9AE719D8FFD8FFB6FF07FC0CFF4FFC41" box="[160,234,933,958]" pageId="3" pageNumber="576">NHMB</collectionCode>
, dry- and slide-mounted or conserved in 70% ethanol)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FC49811DFFD8FFB6FF67FC61FDD7FBFC" blockId="3.[160,1156,794,1027]" pageId="3" pageNumber="576">
Additional specimens from the same locality as the
<typeStatus id="234D3FBFFFD8FFB6FCBAFC61FC24FC1E" box="[797,897,968,993]" pageId="3" pageNumber="576" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
were observed in the field. They are not part of the type series.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B4ECD296FFD8FFB6FF07FBEDFC72FA7A" pageId="3" pageNumber="576" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="FC49811DFFD8FFB6FF07FBEDFEBDFBA1" blockId="3.[160,280,1092,1118]" box="[160,280,1092,1118]" pageId="3" pageNumber="576">
<heading id="A7013671FFD8FFB6FF07FBEDFEBDFBA1" bold="true" box="[160,280,1092,1118]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="576" reason="3">
<emphasis id="CE825D0FFFD8FFB6FF07FBEDFEBDFBA1" bold="true" box="[160,280,1092,1118]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="576">Diagnosis</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FC49811DFFD8FFB6FF07FBD1FF7AFB6D" blockId="3.[159,1155,1144,1413]" box="[160,223,1144,1170]" pageId="3" pageNumber="576">
<emphasis id="CE825D0FFFD8FFB6FF07FBD1FF7AFB6D" bold="true" box="[160,223,1144,1170]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="576">Adult</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FC49811DFFD8FFB6FF07FB35FC72FA7A" blockId="3.[159,1155,1144,1413]" pageId="3" pageNumber="576">Antenna 0.80.9 times as long as head width; rhinaria lacking associated bifid setae; antennal segment 9 with one long seta. Forewing irregularly rounded apically; surface spinules densely spaced, covering all cells up to the veins; radular spinules absent. Abdomen lacking horn-like dorsal structures; tergites with a row of simple setae laterally. Paramere without peg-like setae on the inner face. Fifth-instar immature. Body elongate. Antenna 3-segmented, lacking sectasetae. Forewing pad bearing 35 pointed marginal sectasetae. Sectasetae on abdominal margin based upon small but not extended tubercles. Caudal plate truncate.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B4ECD296FFD8FFBDFF07FA6CFC01FD0A" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="581" pageId="3" pageNumber="576" type="description">
<paragraph id="FC49811DFFD8FFB6FF07FA6CFE8EFA20" blockId="3.[160,299,1477,1503]" box="[160,299,1477,1503]" pageId="3" pageNumber="576">
<heading id="A7013671FFD8FFB6FF07FA6CFE8EFA20" bold="true" box="[160,299,1477,1503]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="576" reason="3">
<emphasis id="CE825D0FFFD8FFB6FF07FA6CFE8EFA20" bold="true" box="[160,299,1477,1503]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="576">Description</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FC49811DFFD8FFB6FF07FA50FF7AF9EC" blockId="3.[160,1156,1529,1728]" box="[160,223,1529,1555]" pageId="3" pageNumber="576">
<emphasis id="CE825D0FFFD8FFB6FF07FA50FF7AF9EC" bold="true" box="[160,223,1529,1555]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="576">Adult</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FC49811DFFD8FFB2FF07F9B5FBDCFF12" blockId="3.[160,1156,1529,1728]" lastBlockId="7.[160,1155,142,237]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="580" pageId="3" pageNumber="576">
<emphasis id="CE825D0FFFD8FFB6FF07F9B5FE96F9C9" bold="true" box="[160,307,1564,1590]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="576">Colouration.</emphasis>
Mostly dark brown. Head greyish brown dorsally, light brown ventrally; ocelli reddish; eyes reddish or purple. Antenna yellowish, apex of segments 8, 9 and 10 almost black. Clypeus light brown; rostrum yellowish with black tip. Thorax irregularly dark brown or almost black with some yellow areas laterally. Legs yellow with brown tarsi; metacoxa and metafemur partially brown. Forewing subopaque, greyish with dark brown spots at the base and apex of pterostigma, in the middle of veins R + M+ Cu, R and M+ Cu, at the basal quarter of Rs, on the apices of veins Rs, M1+2, M3+4, Cu1a and Cu1b, and at the base and in the middle of A; with indistinct brown infuscation in cell cu2, a more distinct light brown irregular band stretching from the base cell r2 to the apex of vein Cu1b, and an oblique light brown submarginal band stretching between the apices of veins Rs and Cu1a. Hindwing semitransparent, whitish. Abdominal sclerites dark reddish brown, intersegmental membranes yellowish. Younger specimens with more extended light colour.
</paragraph>
<caption id="A889D195FFDFFFB1FF07FAD0FC2FF9FA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14970800" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14970800" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14970800/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="577" startId="4.[160,226,1401,1424]" targetBox="[165,1151,144,1367]" targetPageId="4" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="FC49811DFFDFFFB1FF07FAD0FC2FF9FA" blockId="4.[160,1156,1401,1543]" pageId="4" pageNumber="577">
<emphasis id="CE825D0FFFDFFFB1FF07FAD0FEA4FA6F" bold="true" box="[160,257,1401,1424]" pageId="4" pageNumber="577">Figure 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="3BF6FA9EFFDFFFB1FEABFAD0FC8AFA6F" authority="Burckhardt, Alene and Serbina" authorityName="Burckhardt, Alene and Serbina" authorityYear="2025" box="[268,815,1401,1424]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Hypericaceae" genus="Lilaoshia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="4" pageNumber="577" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="psorospermi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="CE825D0FFFDFFFB1FEABFAD0FE40FA6F" box="[268,485,1401,1424]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="577">Lilaoshia psorospermi</emphasis>
Burckhardt, Aléné and Serbina
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="CE825D0FFFDFFFB1FC9CFAD0FCDFFA6F" bold="true" box="[827,890,1401,1424]" pageId="4" pageNumber="577">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D5B1E074FFDFFFB1FC9CFAD0FCDFFA6F" box="[827,890,1401,1424]" pageId="4" pageNumber="577" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
: (a) habitus, lateral view (reproduced from
<bibRefCitation id="9867FCECFFDFFFB1FEF8FA3FFDE3FA52" author="Burckhardt D &amp; Malenovsky I &amp; Queiroz DL &amp; Alene DC &amp; Cho G &amp; Percy DM" box="[351,582,1430,1453]" pageId="4" pageNumber="577" pagination="387 - 421" refId="ref5591" refString="Burckhardt D, LS S, Malenovsky I, Queiroz DL, Alene DC, Cho G, Percy DM. 2023. Phylogeny and classification of jumping plant lice of the subfamily Liviinae (Hemiptera: Psylloidea: Liviidae) based on molecular and morphological data. Zool J Linn Soc. 201 (2): 387-421. doi: 10.1093 / zoolinnean / zlad 128." type="journal article" year="2023">
Burckhardt
<emphasis id="CE825D0FFFDFFFB1FE71FA3FFDA3FA52" box="[470,518,1430,1453]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="577">et al</emphasis>
. 2023
</bibRefCitation>
, by permission of the Linnean Society of London and Oxford University Press); (b) head with antennae, dorsal view; (c) apex of antenna with setae; (d) clypeus and rostrum, lateral view; (f) hind leg, lateral view; (g) forewing; (h) surface spinules in cell r1 anterior to bifurcation of M; (i) surface spinules in cell r1 near wing margin.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="A889D195FFDEFFB0FF07FDB2FB91FD92" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14970802" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14970802" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14970802/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="578" startId="5.[160,225,539,562]" targetBox="[163,1153,142,507]" targetPageId="5" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="FC49811DFFDEFFB0FF07FDB2FB91FD92" blockId="5.[160,1157,539,621]" pageId="5" pageNumber="578">
<emphasis id="CE825D0FFFDEFFB0FF07FDB2FF5EFDCD" bold="true" box="[160,251,539,562]" pageId="5" pageNumber="578">Figure 3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="3BF6FA9EFFDEFFB0FEA5FDB2FCA3FDCD" authority="Burckhardt, Alene and Serbina" authorityName="Burckhardt, Alene and Serbina" authorityYear="2025" box="[258,774,539,562]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Hypericaceae" genus="Lilaoshia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="578" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="psorospermi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="CE825D0FFFDEFFB0FEA5FDB2FE77FDCD" box="[258,466,539,562]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="578">Lilaoshia psorospermi</emphasis>
Burckhardt, Aléné and Serbina
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="CE825D0FFFDEFFB0FCAAFDB2FCEDFDCD" bold="true" box="[781,840,539,562]" pageId="5" pageNumber="578">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D5B1E074FFDEFFB0FCAAFDB2FCEDFDCD" box="[781,840,539,562]" pageId="5" pageNumber="578" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, terminalia: (a) male terminalia, lateral view; (b) inner face of paramere, lateral view; (c) apex of proximal segment and distal two segments of aedeagus, lateral view; (d) female terminalia, lateral view. Scale bars = 0.1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="A889D195FFDEFFB0FF07F9C2FF70F942" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14970804" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14970804" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14970804/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="578" startId="5.[160,225,1643,1666]" targetBox="[163,1153,716,1608]" targetPageId="5" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="FC49811DFFDEFFB0FF07F9C2FF70F942" blockId="5.[160,1157,1643,1725]" pageId="5" pageNumber="578">
<emphasis id="CE825D0FFFDEFFB0FF07F9C2FF5CF97D" bold="true" box="[160,249,1643,1666]" pageId="5" pageNumber="578">Figure 4.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="3BF6FA9EFFDEFFB0FF59F9C2FD5CF97D" authority="Burckhardt, Alene and Serbina" authorityName="Burckhardt, Alene and Serbina" authorityYear="2025" box="[254,761,1643,1666]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Hypericaceae" genus="Lilaoshia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="578" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="psorospermi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="CE825D0FFFDEFFB0FF59F9C2FE69F97D" box="[254,460,1643,1666]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="578">Lilaoshia psorospermi</emphasis>
Burckhardt, Aléné and Serbina
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="CE825D0FFFDEFFB0FD59F9C2FC93F97D" bold="true" box="[766,822,1643,1666]" pageId="5" pageNumber="578">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D5B1E074FFDEFFB0FD59F9C2FC93F97D" box="[766,822,1643,1666]" pageId="5" pageNumber="578" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, fifth-instar immature: (a) habitus, dorsal view (left side); (b) antenna; (c) claws and tarsal arolium; (d) caudal plate, dorsal view (right side).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="A889D195FFDDFFB2FF07F904FB9CF953" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14970806" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14970806" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14970806/files/figure.png" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="580" pageId="6" pageNumber="579" startId="6.[160,225,1709,1732]" targetBox="[163,1153,142,1678]" targetPageId="6" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="FC49811DFFDDFFB2FF07F904FB9CF953" blockId="6.[160,1156,1709,1820]" lastBlockId="7.[160,1155,1656,1708]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="580" pageId="6" pageNumber="579">
<emphasis id="CE825D0FFFDDFFB3FF07F904FF5BF93B" bold="true" box="[160,254,1709,1732]" pageId="6" pageNumber="579">Figure 5.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="3BF6FA9EFFDDFFB3FEADF904FC84F93B" authority="Burckhardt, Alene and Serbina" authorityName="Burckhardt, Alene and Serbina" authorityYear="2025" box="[266,801,1709,1732]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Hypericaceae" genus="Lilaoshia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="579" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="psorospermi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="CE825D0FFFDDFFB3FEADF904FE78F93B" box="[266,477,1709,1732]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="579">Lilaoshia psorospermi</emphasis>
Burckhardt, Aléné and Serbina
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="CE825D0FFFDDFFB3FC8CF904FCCCF93B" bold="true" box="[811,873,1709,1732]" pageId="6" pageNumber="579">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D5B1E074FFDDFFB3FC8CF904FCCCF93B" box="[811,873,1709,1732]" pageId="6" pageNumber="579" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, biology: (a)
<taxonomicName id="3BF6FA9EFFDDFFB3FC50F904FF52F91D" authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1892" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="579" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="striatulus">
<emphasis id="CE825D0FFFDDFFB3FC50F904FF52F91D" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="579">Crematogaster striatulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
ants tending adult and immature psyllids; (b) eggs, parasitised mummies and dead adult; (c)
<taxonomicName id="3BF6FA9EFFDDFFB3FF19F941FE92F900" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1861" box="[190,311,1768,1791]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Camponotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="579" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="CE825D0FFFDDFFB3FF19F941FE92F900" box="[190,311,1768,1791]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="579">Camponotus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
ants construct a shelter around a female psyllid laying eggs; (d) old leaf with colony of adult and immature psyllids tended by
<taxonomicName id="3BF6FA9EFFDDFFB3FD8BF8ACFD29F8E3" authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1850" box="[556,652,1797,1820]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tapinoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="579" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="CE825D0FFFDDFFB3FD8BF8ACFD29F8E3" box="[556,652,1797,1820]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="579">Tapinoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
ants; (e) psyllid colony with adult, immatures and eggs tended by
<taxonomicName id="3BF6FA9EFFDCFFB2FEE1F9D1FD8AF970" authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1892" box="[326,559,1656,1679]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="580" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="striatulus">
<emphasis id="CE825D0FFFDCFFB2FEE1F9D1FD8AF970" box="[326,559,1656,1679]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="580">Crematogaster striatulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
ants after removing the cover; (f) cover over a psyllid colony built by
<taxonomicName id="3BF6FA9EFFDCFFB2FF54F93CFEC6F953" authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1892" box="[243,355,1685,1708]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="580" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="striatulus">
<emphasis id="CE825D0FFFDCFFB2FF54F93CFEC6F953" box="[243,355,1685,1708]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="580">C. striatulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
ants; (g) shelter consisting of sand and plant debris built by
<emphasis id="CE825D0FFFDCFFB2FC64F93CFB9CF953" box="[963,1081,1685,1708]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="580">
<taxonomicName id="3BF6FA9EFFDCFFB2FC64F93CFB93F953" authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1892" box="[963,1078,1685,1708]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="580" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="striatulus">C. striatulus</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="FC49811DFFDCFFB2FF07FE81FEA9FEBD" blockId="7.[159,1156,296,1154]" box="[160,268,296,322]" pageId="7" pageNumber="580">
<emphasis id="CE825D0FFFDCFFB2FF07FE81FEA9FEBD" bold="true" box="[160,268,296,322]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="580">Structure</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FC49811DFFDCFFB2FF07FEE5FDDFFB7D" blockId="7.[159,1156,296,1154]" pageId="7" pageNumber="580">
Conforming to generic description by
<bibRefCitation id="9867FCECFFDCFFB2FD92FEE5FC8EFE9A" author="Burckhardt D &amp; Malenovsky I &amp; Queiroz DL &amp; Alene DC &amp; Cho G &amp; Percy DM" box="[565,811,332,357]" pageId="7" pageNumber="580" pagination="387 - 421" refId="ref5591" refString="Burckhardt D, LS S, Malenovsky I, Queiroz DL, Alene DC, Cho G, Percy DM. 2023. Phylogeny and classification of jumping plant lice of the subfamily Liviinae (Hemiptera: Psylloidea: Liviidae) based on molecular and morphological data. Zool J Linn Soc. 201 (2): 387-421. doi: 10.1093 / zoolinnean / zlad 128." type="journal article" year="2023">
Burckhardt
<emphasis id="CE825D0FFFDCFFB2FD17FEE5FD79FE9A" box="[688,732,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="580">et al</emphasis>
. (2023)
</bibRefCitation>
(see also
<bibRefCitation id="9867FCECFFDCFFB2FC37FEE5FF41FE78" author="Mifsud D &amp; Burckhardt D" pageId="7" pageNumber="580" pagination="1887 - 1986" refId="ref6231" refString="Mifsud D, Burckhardt D. 2002. Taxonomy and phylogeny of the old world jumping plant-louse genus Paurocephala (Insecta, Hemiptera, Psylloidea). J Nat Hist. 36: 1887-1986." type="journal article" year="2002">Mifsud and Burckhardt (2002)</bibRefCitation>
under the
<taxonomicName id="3BF6FA9EFFDCFFB2FEC2FEC7FDF4FE78" authorityName="Russell" authorityYear="1943" box="[357,593,366,391]" class="Insecta" family="Liviidae" genus="Paurocephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="580" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gossypii">
<emphasis id="CE825D0FFFDCFFB2FEC2FEC7FDF4FE78" box="[357,593,366,391]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="580">Paurocephala gossypii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group). Head weakly (1020°) inclined from longitudinal body axis (
<figureCitation id="64CD9D98FFDCFFB2FED4FE38FE68FE55" box="[371,461,401,426]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="4.[160,226,1401,1424]" captionTargetBox="[165,1151,144,1367]" captionTargetId="figure-91@4.[163,1153,142,1370]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 2. Lilaoshia psorospermi Burckhardt, Aléné and Serbina sp. n.: (a) habitus, lateral view (reproduced from Burckhardt et al. 2023, by permission of the Linnean Society of London and Oxford University Press); (b) head with antennae, dorsal view; (c) apex of antenna with setae; (d) clypeus and rostrum, lateral view; (f) hind leg, lateral view; (g) forewing; (h) surface spinules in cell r1 anterior to bifurcation of M; (i) surface spinules in cell r1 near wing margin." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14970800" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14970800/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="580">Figure 2</figureCitation>
(a)); slightly narrower than mesoscutum; vertex subrectangular, 0.5-times as long as wide, covered with short setae and imbricate microsculpture (
<figureCitation id="64CD9D98FFDCFFB2FBA3FE1AFBFFFE33" box="[1028,1114,435,460]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="4.[160,226,1401,1424]" captionTargetBox="[165,1151,144,1367]" captionTargetId="figure-91@4.[163,1153,142,1370]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 2. Lilaoshia psorospermi Burckhardt, Aléné and Serbina sp. n.: (a) habitus, lateral view (reproduced from Burckhardt et al. 2023, by permission of the Linnean Society of London and Oxford University Press); (b) head with antennae, dorsal view; (c) apex of antenna with setae; (d) clypeus and rostrum, lateral view; (f) hind leg, lateral view; (g) forewing; (h) surface spinules in cell r1 anterior to bifurcation of M; (i) surface spinules in cell r1 near wing margin." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14970800" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14970800/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="580">Figure 2</figureCitation>
(b)). Antenna (
<figureCitation id="64CD9D98FFDCFFB2FEAAFE7FFECDFE10" box="[269,360,470,495]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="4.[160,226,1401,1424]" captionTargetBox="[165,1151,144,1367]" captionTargetId="figure-91@4.[163,1153,142,1370]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 2. Lilaoshia psorospermi Burckhardt, Aléné and Serbina sp. n.: (a) habitus, lateral view (reproduced from Burckhardt et al. 2023, by permission of the Linnean Society of London and Oxford University Press); (b) head with antennae, dorsal view; (c) apex of antenna with setae; (d) clypeus and rostrum, lateral view; (f) hind leg, lateral view; (g) forewing; (h) surface spinules in cell r1 anterior to bifurcation of M; (i) surface spinules in cell r1 near wing margin." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14970800" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14970800/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="580">Figure 2</figureCitation>
(b)) 0.80.9-times as long as head width, 10-segmented; rhinaria lacking associated bifid setae; antennal segment 9 with one long seta, relative lengths of segment 10 and terminal setae 1.0:1.8:2.3 (
<figureCitation id="64CD9D98FFDCFFB2FE79FDB2FD91FDCB" box="[478,564,539,564]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="4.[160,226,1401,1424]" captionTargetBox="[165,1151,144,1367]" captionTargetId="figure-91@4.[163,1153,142,1370]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 2. Lilaoshia psorospermi Burckhardt, Aléné and Serbina sp. n.: (a) habitus, lateral view (reproduced from Burckhardt et al. 2023, by permission of the Linnean Society of London and Oxford University Press); (b) head with antennae, dorsal view; (c) apex of antenna with setae; (d) clypeus and rostrum, lateral view; (f) hind leg, lateral view; (g) forewing; (h) surface spinules in cell r1 anterior to bifurcation of M; (i) surface spinules in cell r1 near wing margin." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14970800" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14970800/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="580">Figure 2</figureCitation>
(c)).Clypeus subglobular,with 3 apical, moderately long setae; rostrum 0.5-times as long as head width (
<figureCitation id="64CD9D98FFDCFFB2FD05FD97FD5FFDA8" box="[674,762,574,599]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="4.[160,226,1401,1424]" captionTargetBox="[165,1151,144,1367]" captionTargetId="figure-91@4.[163,1153,142,1370]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 2. Lilaoshia psorospermi Burckhardt, Aléné and Serbina sp. n.: (a) habitus, lateral view (reproduced from Burckhardt et al. 2023, by permission of the Linnean Society of London and Oxford University Press); (b) head with antennae, dorsal view; (c) apex of antenna with setae; (d) clypeus and rostrum, lateral view; (f) hind leg, lateral view; (g) forewing; (h) surface spinules in cell r1 anterior to bifurcation of M; (i) surface spinules in cell r1 near wing margin." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14970800" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14970800/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="580">Figure 2</figureCitation>
(d)). Thorax covered with short setae and imbricate microsculpture.Horn of metapostnotum small.Meracanthus of metacoxa short, horn-shaped;metatibia 0.80.9 times as long as head width (
<figureCitation id="64CD9D98FFDCFFB2FCBAFD2AFCD6FD63" box="[797,883,643,668]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="4.[160,226,1401,1424]" captionTargetBox="[165,1151,144,1367]" captionTargetId="figure-91@4.[163,1153,142,1370]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 2. Lilaoshia psorospermi Burckhardt, Aléné and Serbina sp. n.: (a) habitus, lateral view (reproduced from Burckhardt et al. 2023, by permission of the Linnean Society of London and Oxford University Press); (b) head with antennae, dorsal view; (c) apex of antenna with setae; (d) clypeus and rostrum, lateral view; (f) hind leg, lateral view; (g) forewing; (h) surface spinules in cell r1 anterior to bifurcation of M; (i) surface spinules in cell r1 near wing margin." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14970800" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14970800/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="580">Figure 2</figureCitation>
(f)).Forewing (
<figureCitation id="64CD9D98FFDCFFB2FBADFD2AFBC5FD63" box="[1034,1120,643,668]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="4.[160,226,1401,1424]" captionTargetBox="[165,1151,144,1367]" captionTargetId="figure-91@4.[163,1153,142,1370]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 2. Lilaoshia psorospermi Burckhardt, Aléné and Serbina sp. n.: (a) habitus, lateral view (reproduced from Burckhardt et al. 2023, by permission of the Linnean Society of London and Oxford University Press); (b) head with antennae, dorsal view; (c) apex of antenna with setae; (d) clypeus and rostrum, lateral view; (f) hind leg, lateral view; (g) forewing; (h) surface spinules in cell r1 anterior to bifurcation of M; (i) surface spinules in cell r1 near wing margin." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14970800" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14970800/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="580">Figure 2</figureCitation>
(g)) 2.72.9-times as long as head width, 2.12.3-times as long as wide; irregularly, obliquely rounded apically; setae along veins inconspicuous, sparse, vein Rs with 914 setae; surface spinules densely spaced covering all cells up to the veins (
<figureCitation id="64CD9D98FFDCFFB2FCA0FD42FCFAFCFB" box="[775,863,747,772]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="4.[160,226,1401,1424]" captionTargetBox="[165,1151,144,1367]" captionTargetId="figure-91@4.[163,1153,142,1370]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 2. Lilaoshia psorospermi Burckhardt, Aléné and Serbina sp. n.: (a) habitus, lateral view (reproduced from Burckhardt et al. 2023, by permission of the Linnean Society of London and Oxford University Press); (b) head with antennae, dorsal view; (c) apex of antenna with setae; (d) clypeus and rostrum, lateral view; (f) hind leg, lateral view; (g) forewing; (h) surface spinules in cell r1 anterior to bifurcation of M; (i) surface spinules in cell r1 near wing margin." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14970800" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14970800/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="580">Figure 2</figureCitation>
(h)); radular spinules absent (
<figureCitation id="64CD9D98FFDCFFB2FF00FCA7FF5AFCD8" box="[167,255,782,807]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="4.[160,226,1401,1424]" captionTargetBox="[165,1151,144,1367]" captionTargetId="figure-91@4.[163,1153,142,1370]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 2. Lilaoshia psorospermi Burckhardt, Aléné and Serbina sp. n.: (a) habitus, lateral view (reproduced from Burckhardt et al. 2023, by permission of the Linnean Society of London and Oxford University Press); (b) head with antennae, dorsal view; (c) apex of antenna with setae; (d) clypeus and rostrum, lateral view; (f) hind leg, lateral view; (g) forewing; (h) surface spinules in cell r1 anterior to bifurcation of M; (i) surface spinules in cell r1 near wing margin." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14970800" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14970800/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="580">Figure 2</figureCitation>
(i)).Abdominal tergites lacking a dorsal horn, bearing one row of simple setae laterally. Male and female terminalia as in
<figureCitation id="64CD9D98FFDCFFB2FE59FC98FDF3FCB5" box="[510,598,817,842]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="5.[160,225,539,562]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,142,507]" captionTargetId="figure-1@5.[163,1153,142,507]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 3. Lilaoshia psorospermi Burckhardt, Aléné and Serbina sp. n., terminalia: (a) male terminalia, lateral view; (b) inner face of paramere, lateral view; (c) apex of proximal segment and distal two segments of aedeagus, lateral view; (d) female terminalia, lateral view. Scale bars = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14970802" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14970802/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="580">Figure 3</figureCitation>
. Male proctiger 0.20.3-times as long as head width, with weakly sclerotised, elongate plates posteriorly. Paramere, in lateral view, lamellar in basal half, irregularly narrowing to apex in apical half; apex subacute; without peg-like setae on the inner face.Apical dilation of aedeagus oval,flattened,divided by a cuticular fold from the stemlike basal part of the distal aedeagal segment; sclerotised end tube of ductus ejaculatorius almost straight. Female proctiger 0.91.1-times as long as head width, cuneate; dorsal margin, in lateral view, slightly concave with indistinct swelling in the middle; apex subacute; circumanal ring 0.3-times as long as proctiger, consisting of two unequal rows of pores. Female subgenital plate 0.20.4-times as long as proctiger, pointed apically. Valvula dorsalis cuneate; valvula ventralis straight; both lacking teeth.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FC49811DFFDCFFB2FF07FB14FEAEFB05" blockId="7.[160,1156,1213,1378]" pageId="7" pageNumber="580">
<heading id="A7013671FFDCFFB2FF07FB14FB21FB28" bold="true" box="[160,1156,1213,1239]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="580" reason="3">
<emphasis id="CE825D0FFFDCFFB2FF07FB14FB21FB28" bold="true" box="[160,1156,1213,1239]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="580">
Measurements (inmm; body length:
<specimenCount id="EAF04A94FFDCFFB2FDEEFB14FD00FB28" box="[585,677,1213,1239]" count="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="580" type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="EAF04A94FFDCFFB2FD16FB14FC95FB28" box="[689,816,1213,1239]" count="12" pageId="7" pageNumber="580" type="female">12 females</specimenCount>
; other characters:
<specimenCount id="EAF04A94FFDCFFB2FBABFB14FBCCFB28" box="[1036,1129,1213,1239]" count="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="580" type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
, 2
</emphasis>
</heading>
<emphasis id="CE825D0FFFDCFFB2FF07FB49FEAEFB05" bold="true" box="[160,267,1248,1274]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="580">females).</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FC49811DFFDCFFB2FF07FAADFBE3FA9D" blockId="7.[160,1156,1213,1378]" pageId="7" pageNumber="580">Body length males 2.22.3, females 2.32.6; head width 0.600.64; antenna length 0.500.58; forewing length 1.661.80; male proctiger length 0.120.16; paramere length 0.20; length of distal segment of aedeagus 0.16; female proctiger length 0.600.64.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FC49811DFFDCFFB2FF07FA34FE3BFA48" blockId="7.[160,1156,1437,1567]" box="[160,414,1437,1463]" pageId="7" pageNumber="580">
<emphasis id="CE825D0FFFDCFFB2FF07FA34FE3BFA48" bold="true" box="[160,414,1437,1463]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="580">Fifth-instar immature</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FC49811DFFDCFFB2FF07FA69FD51F9E0" blockId="7.[160,1156,1437,1567]" pageId="7" pageNumber="580">
<emphasis id="CE825D0FFFDCFFB2FF07FA69FE96FA25" bold="true" box="[160,307,1472,1498]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="580">Colouration.</emphasis>
Dorsal sclerites mostly light brown, membrane yellowish; whitish ventrally. Cephalothoracic sclerite light brownish anteriorly and laterally, brown posteriorly, yellow on disc; wing pads yellow with broad brown margin.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FC49811DFFD3FFBDFF07FF27FEA9FF57" blockId="8.[160,1156,142,411]" box="[160,268,142,168]" pageId="8" pageNumber="581">
<emphasis id="CE825D0FFFD3FFBDFF07FF27FEA9FF57" bold="true" box="[160,268,142,168]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="581">Structure</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FC49811DFFD3FFBDFF07FF1BFB9DFE64" blockId="8.[160,1156,142,411]" pageId="8" pageNumber="581">
Body elongate, 1.21.3-times as long as wide, dorso-ventrally flattened (
<figureCitation id="64CD9D98FFD3FFBDFC5FFF1BFBFFFF34" box="[1016,1114,178,203]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="5.[160,225,1643,1666]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,716,1608]" captionTargetId="figure-54@5.[163,1153,716,1611]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 4. Lilaoshia psorospermi Burckhardt, Aléné and Serbina sp. n., fifth-instar immature: (a) habitus, dorsal view (left side); (b) antenna; (c) claws and tarsal arolium; (d) caudal plate, dorsal view (right side)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14970804" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14970804/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="581">Figure 4</figureCitation>
(a)). Antenna 3-segmented, 0.60.8-times as long as forewing pad, bearing some simple setae on flagellum but lacking sectasetae (
<figureCitation id="64CD9D98FFD3FFBDFDD2FF5EFD74FEEF" box="[629,721,247,272]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="5.[160,225,1643,1666]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,716,1608]" captionTargetId="figure-54@5.[163,1153,716,1611]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 4. Lilaoshia psorospermi Burckhardt, Aléné and Serbina sp. n., fifth-instar immature: (a) habitus, dorsal view (left side); (b) antenna; (c) claws and tarsal arolium; (d) caudal plate, dorsal view (right side)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14970804" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14970804/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="581">Figure 4</figureCitation>
(b)). Tarsal arolium triangular, petiolate, bearing an unguitractor (
<figureCitation id="64CD9D98FFD3FFBDFE65FEB3FD84FECC" box="[450,545,282,307]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="5.[160,225,1643,1666]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,716,1608]" captionTargetId="figure-54@5.[163,1153,716,1611]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 4. Lilaoshia psorospermi Burckhardt, Aléné and Serbina sp. n., fifth-instar immature: (a) habitus, dorsal view (left side); (b) antenna; (c) claws and tarsal arolium; (d) caudal plate, dorsal view (right side)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14970804" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14970804/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="581">Figure 4</figureCitation>
(c)). Forewing pad lacking humeral lobe, bearing 35 pointed marginal sectasetae. Sectasetae on abdominal margin based upon small but not extended tubercles (
<figureCitation id="64CD9D98FFD3FFBDFE22FEF6FE44FE87" box="[389,481,351,376]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="5.[160,225,1643,1666]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,716,1608]" captionTargetId="figure-54@5.[163,1153,716,1611]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 4. Lilaoshia psorospermi Burckhardt, Aléné and Serbina sp. n., fifth-instar immature: (a) habitus, dorsal view (left side); (b) antenna; (c) claws and tarsal arolium; (d) caudal plate, dorsal view (right side)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14970804" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14970804/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="581">Figure 4</figureCitation>
(a,d)). Caudal plate (
<figureCitation id="64CD9D98FFD3FFBDFD1AFEF6FCBCFE87" box="[701,793,351,376]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="5.[160,225,1643,1666]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,716,1608]" captionTargetId="figure-54@5.[163,1153,716,1611]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 4. Lilaoshia psorospermi Burckhardt, Aléné and Serbina sp. n., fifth-instar immature: (a) habitus, dorsal view (left side); (b) antenna; (c) claws and tarsal arolium; (d) caudal plate, dorsal view (right side)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14970804" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14970804/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="581">Figure 4</figureCitation>
(d)) truncate. Circumanal rings in terminal position; outer ring transversely oval, consisting of a single row of pores.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FC49811DFFD3FFBDFF07FE6FFDF5FE1F" blockId="8.[160,1155,454,549]" box="[160,592,454,480]" pageId="8" pageNumber="581">
<emphasis id="CE825D0FFFD3FFBDFF07FE6FFDF5FE1F" bold="true" box="[160,592,454,480]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="581">
Measurements (in mm;
<specimenCount id="EAF04A94FFD3FFBDFE1FFE6FFDE2FE1F" box="[440,583,454,480]" count="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="581" type="generic">4 specimens</specimenCount>
)
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FC49811DFFD3FFBDFF07FE43FBF0FDDA" blockId="8.[160,1155,454,549]" pageId="8" pageNumber="581">Body length 1.381.50; antenna length 0.320.42; metatibiotarsus length 0.430.45; forewing pad length 0.530.56; caudal plate length 0.300.38; caudal plate width 0.430.48.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FC49811DFFD3FFBDFF07FDF8FF76FD94" blockId="8.[160,769,593,654]" box="[160,211,593,619]" pageId="8" pageNumber="581">
<emphasis id="CE825D0FFFD3FFBDFF07FDF8FF76FD94" bold="true" box="[160,211,593,619]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="581">Egg.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FC49811DFFD3FFBDFF07FDDDFCA4FD72" blockId="8.[160,769,593,654]" box="[160,769,628,654]" pageId="8" pageNumber="581">
<emphasis id="CE825D0FFFD3FFBDFF07FDDDFE88FD71" box="[160,301,628,654]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="581">Colouration.</emphasis>
Whitish when laid, yellow when mature.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FC49811DFFD3FFBDFF07FD10FEA9FD2C" blockId="8.[160,932,697,757]" box="[160,268,697,723]" pageId="8" pageNumber="581">
<emphasis id="CE825D0FFFD3FFBDFF07FD10FEA9FD2C" bold="true" box="[160,268,697,723]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="581">Structure</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FC49811DFFD3FFBDFF07FD75FC01FD0A" blockId="8.[160,932,697,757]" box="[160,932,732,757]" pageId="8" pageNumber="581">
Narrowly oval; laid in dense clusters on the leaf surface (
<figureCitation id="64CD9D98FFD3FFBDFCBBFD75FCDCFD0A" box="[796,889,732,757]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="6.[160,225,1709,1732]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,142,1678]" captionTargetId="figure-3@6.[163,1153,142,1678]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 5. Lilaoshia psorospermi Burckhardt, Aléné and Serbina sp. n., biology: (a) Crematogaster striatulus ants tending adult and immature psyllids; (b) eggs, parasitised mummies and dead adult; (c) Camponotus ants construct a shelter around a female psyllid laying eggs; (d) old leaf with colony of adult and immature psyllids tended by Tapinoma ants; (e) psyllid colony with adult, immatures and eggs tended by Crematogaster striatulus ants after removing the cover; (f) cover over a psyllid colony built by C. striatulus ants; (g) shelter consisting of sand and plant debris built by C. striatulus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14970806" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14970806/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="581">Figure 5</figureCitation>
(b)).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B4ECD296FFD3FFBDFF07FC88FE59FC17" pageId="8" pageNumber="581" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="FC49811DFFD3FFBDFF07FC88FE2CFCC4" blockId="8.[160,1155,801,1000]" box="[160,393,801,827]" pageId="8" pageNumber="581">
<emphasis id="CE825D0FFFD3FFBDFF07FC88FE2CFCC4" bold="true" box="[160,393,801,827]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="581">DNA sequence data</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FC49811DFFD3FFBDFF07FCECFE59FC17" blockId="8.[160,1155,801,1000]" pageId="8" pageNumber="581">
<bibRefCitation id="9867FCECFFD3FFBDFF07FCECFE0BFCA1" author="Burckhardt D &amp; Malenovsky I &amp; Queiroz DL &amp; Alene DC &amp; Cho G &amp; Percy DM" box="[160,430,837,862]" pageId="8" pageNumber="581" pagination="387 - 421" refId="ref5591" refString="Burckhardt D, LS S, Malenovsky I, Queiroz DL, Alene DC, Cho G, Percy DM. 2023. Phylogeny and classification of jumping plant lice of the subfamily Liviinae (Hemiptera: Psylloidea: Liviidae) based on molecular and morphological data. Zool J Linn Soc. 201 (2): 387-421. doi: 10.1093 / zoolinnean / zlad 128." type="journal article" year="2023">
Burckhardt
<emphasis id="CE825D0FFFD3FFBDFE82FCECFEFDFCA1" box="[293,344,837,862]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="581">et al</emphasis>
. (2023)
</bibRefCitation>
used specimens of
<taxonomicName id="3BF6FA9EFFD3FFBDFD3EFCECFC2DFCA1" authorityName="Burckhardt, Alene and Serbina" authorityYear="2025" box="[665,904,837,862]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Hypericaceae" genus="Lilaoshia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="8" pageNumber="581" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="psorospermi">
<emphasis id="CE825D0FFFD3FFBDFD3EFCECFC2DFCA1" box="[665,904,837,862]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="581">Lilaoshia psorospermi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in their phylogenetic analysis of the
<taxonomicName id="3BF6FA9EFFD3FFBDFEECFCCEFE05FC7F" box="[331,416,871,896]" class="Insecta" family="Liviidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="584" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Liviinae">Liviinae</taxonomicName>
(referred to as
<taxonomicName id="3BF6FA9EFFD3FFBDFDF1FCCEFCA2FC7F" box="[598,775,871,896]" class="Malacostraca" family="Mysidae" genus="Liella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mysida" pageId="8" pageNumber="581" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insolita">
<emphasis id="CE825D0FFFD3FFBDFDF1FCCEFD2BFC7F" box="[598,654,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="581">Liella</emphasis>
cf.
<emphasis id="CE825D0FFFD3FFBDFD1FFCCEFCA2FC7F" box="[696,775,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="581">insolita</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). They provided some additional illustrations of morphological characters and DNA sequences for six genes:
<emphasis id="CE825D0FFFD3FFBDFC4DFC23FBB4FC5C" box="[1002,1041,906,931]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="581">COI</emphasis>
(GenBank accession number
<accessionNumber id="E3A51CFEFFD3FFBDFED4FC04FE53FC39" box="[371,502,941,966]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/MW119598" pageId="8" pageNumber="581">MW119598</accessionNumber>
),
<emphasis id="CE825D0FFFD3FFBDFDA1FC04FD92FC39" box="[518,567,941,966]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="581">CytB</emphasis>
(
<accessionNumber id="E3A51CFEFFD3FFBDFDE2FC04FD6DFC39" box="[581,712,941,966]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/MW119632" pageId="8" pageNumber="581">MW119632</accessionNumber>
),
<emphasis id="CE825D0FFFD3FFBDFD7EFC04FD52FC39" box="[729,759,941,966]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="581">H3</emphasis>
(
<accessionNumber id="E3A51CFEFFD3FFBDFCA2FC04FC2DFC39" box="[773,904,941,966]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/MW119667" pageId="8" pageNumber="581">MW119667</accessionNumber>
),
<emphasis id="CE825D0FFFD3FFBDFC3EFC04FC1FFC39" box="[921,954,941,966]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="581">wg</emphasis>
(
<accessionNumber id="E3A51CFEFFD3FFBDFC6FFC04FBE9FC39" box="[968,1100,941,966]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/MW119700" pageId="8" pageNumber="581">MW119700</accessionNumber>
),
<emphasis id="CE825D0FFFD3FFBDFBFBFC04FB26FC39" box="[1116,1155,941,966]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="581">12S</emphasis>
(
<accessionNumber id="E3A51CFEFFD3FFBDFF01FC66FE8FFC17" box="[166,298,975,1000]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/MW218185" pageId="8" pageNumber="581">MW218185</accessionNumber>
),
<emphasis id="CE825D0FFFD3FFBDFE9DFC66FEC4FC17" box="[314,353,975,1000]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="581">28S</emphasis>
(
<accessionNumber id="E3A51CFEFFD3FFBDFEC9FC66FE57FC17" box="[366,498,975,1000]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/MW218415" pageId="8" pageNumber="581">MW218415</accessionNumber>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B4ECD296FFD3FFBDFF07FBBDFD7CFBAF" pageId="8" pageNumber="581" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="FC49811DFFD3FFBDFF07FBBDFEB9FBD1" blockId="8.[160,729,1044,1104]" box="[160,284,1044,1070]" pageId="8" pageNumber="581">
<emphasis id="CE825D0FFFD3FFBDFF07FBBDFEB9FBD1" bold="true" box="[160,284,1044,1070]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="581">Host plant</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FC49811DFFD3FFBDFF07FB9EFD7CFBAF" blockId="8.[160,729,1044,1104]" box="[160,729,1079,1104]" pageId="8" pageNumber="581">
<taxonomicName id="3BF6FA9EFFD3FFBDFF07FB9EFD82FBAF" authority="Hochr." authorityName="Hochr." box="[160,551,1079,1104]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Hypericaceae" genus="Psorospermum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="8" pageNumber="581" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glaberrimum">
<emphasis id="CE825D0FFFD3FFBDFF07FB9EFE70FBAF" box="[160,469,1079,1104]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="581">Psorospermum glaberrimum</emphasis>
Hochr.
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="3BF6FA9EFFD3FFBDFD94FB9EFD6AFBAF" box="[563,719,1079,1104]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Hypericaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="8" pageNumber="581" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Hypericaceae</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B4ECD296FFD3FFBDFF07FBD5FE10FB47" box="[160,437,1148,1208]" pageId="8" pageNumber="581" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="FC49811DFFD3FFBDFF07FBD5FE89FB69" blockId="8.[160,437,1148,1208]" box="[160,300,1148,1174]" pageId="8" pageNumber="581">
<emphasis id="CE825D0FFFD3FFBDFF07FBD5FE89FB69" bold="true" box="[160,300,1148,1174]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="581">Distribution</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FC49811DFFD3FFBDFF07FB36FE10FB47" blockId="8.[160,437,1148,1208]" box="[160,437,1183,1208]" pageId="8" pageNumber="581">
<collectingCountry id="84E1C18DFFD3FFBDFF07FB36FEB2FB47" box="[160,279,1183,1208]" name="Cameroon" pageId="8" pageNumber="581">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
: West Region.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B4ECD296FFD3FFBDFF07FB4DFDD3FADF" box="[160,630,1252,1312]" pageId="8" pageNumber="581" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="FC49811DFFD3FFBDFF07FB4DFEB8FB01" blockId="8.[160,630,1252,1312]" box="[160,285,1252,1278]" pageId="8" pageNumber="581">
<emphasis id="CE825D0FFFD3FFBDFF07FB4DFEB8FB01" bold="true" box="[160,285,1252,1278]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="581">Etymology</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FC49811DFFD3FFBDFF07FAAEFDD3FADF" blockId="8.[160,630,1252,1312]" box="[160,630,1287,1312]" pageId="8" pageNumber="581">
Named after its host plant
<taxonomicName id="3BF6FA9EFFD3FFBDFE69FAAEFDCAFADF" box="[462,623,1287,1312]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Hypericaceae" genus="Psorospermum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="8" pageNumber="581" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="CE825D0FFFD3FFBDFE69FAAEFDCAFADF" box="[462,623,1287,1312]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="581">Psorospermum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B4ECD296FFD3FFBCFF07FAF4FC14FDB9" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="582" pageId="8" pageNumber="581" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="FC49811DFFD3FFBDFF07FAF4FE87FA88" blockId="8.[160,290,1373,1399]" box="[160,290,1373,1399]" pageId="8" pageNumber="581">
<heading id="A7013671FFD3FFBDFF07FAF4FE87FA88" bold="true" box="[160,290,1373,1399]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="581" reason="3">
<emphasis id="CE825D0FFFD3FFBDFF07FAF4FE87FA88" bold="true" box="[160,290,1373,1399]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="581">Comments</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FC49811DFFD3FFBCFF07FA3BFC14FDB9" blockId="8.[160,1155,1426,1728]" lastBlockId="9.[160,1155,488,582]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="582" pageId="8" pageNumber="581">
<taxonomicName id="3BF6FA9EFFD3FFBDFF07FA3BFE2FFA54" authorityName="Burckhardt, Alene and Serbina" authorityYear="2025" box="[160,394,1426,1451]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Hypericaceae" genus="Lilaoshia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="8" pageNumber="581" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="psorospermi">
<emphasis id="CE825D0FFFD3FFBDFF07FA3BFE2FFA54" box="[160,394,1426,1451]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="581">Lilaoshia psorospermi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is morphologically similar to
<taxonomicName id="3BF6FA9EFFD3FFBDFD76FA3BFC9DFA54" box="[721,824,1426,1451]" class="Malacostraca" family="Mysidae" genus="Liella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mysida" pageId="8" pageNumber="581" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insolita">
<emphasis id="CE825D0FFFD3FFBDFD76FA3BFC9DFA54" box="[721,824,1426,1451]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="581">L. insolita</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry id="84E1C18DFFD3FFBDFCDEFA3BFC6EFA54" box="[889,971,1426,1451]" name="Angola" pageId="8" pageNumber="581">Angola</collectingCountry>
, which develops on
<taxonomicName id="3BF6FA9EFFD3FFBDFF63FA1CFD8AFA31" authority="Spach" authorityName="Spach" box="[196,559,1461,1486]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Hypericaceae" genus="Psorospermum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="8" pageNumber="581" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="febrifugum">
<emphasis id="CE825D0FFFD3FFBDFF63FA1CFE46FA31" box="[196,483,1461,1486]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="581">Psorospermum febrifugum</emphasis>
Spach
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="9867FCECFFD3FFBDFD9CFA1CFCDCFA31" author="Mifsud D &amp; Burckhardt D" box="[571,889,1461,1486]" pageId="8" pageNumber="581" pagination="1887 - 1986" refId="ref6231" refString="Mifsud D, Burckhardt D. 2002. Taxonomy and phylogeny of the old world jumping plant-louse genus Paurocephala (Insecta, Hemiptera, Psylloidea). J Nat Hist. 36: 1887-1986." type="journal article" year="2002">Mifsud and Burckhardt 2002</bibRefCitation>
). The two species share the abdominal tergites without dorsal horns, but with a row of setae laterally; both lack bifid setae associated with the antennal rhinaria and peg-like setae on the inner side of the paramere.
<taxonomicName id="3BF6FA9EFFD3FFBDFEEFF9B4FD90F9C9" authorityName="Burckhardt, Alene and Serbina" authorityYear="2025" box="[328,565,1565,1590]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Hypericaceae" genus="Lilaoshia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="8" pageNumber="581" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="psorospermi">
<emphasis id="CE825D0FFFD3FFBDFEEFF9B4FD90F9C9" box="[328,565,1565,1590]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="581">Lilaoshia psorospermi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from
<taxonomicName id="3BF6FA9EFFD3FFBDFD6CF9B4FC90F9C9" box="[715,821,1565,1590]" class="Malacostraca" family="Mysidae" genus="Liella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mysida" pageId="8" pageNumber="581" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insolita">
<emphasis id="CE825D0FFFD3FFBDFD6CF9B4FC90F9C9" box="[715,821,1565,1590]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="581">L. insolita</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the generally darker body colouration, the presence of a long seta on antennal segment 9, the slightly shorter meracanthus, the paramere which is not narrowed in the basal half and the oval terminal aedeagal segment in the adult, as well as in the absence of sectasetae on the antenna, the smaller number of marginal sectasetae on the forewing pad (35 versus 57), the smaller lateral abdominal tubercles bearing sectasetae, and the truncate caudal plate (rather than produced in a terminal process) in the fifth-instar immature. The two species differ also in the host association:
<taxonomicName id="3BF6FA9EFFD2FFBCFE29FD84FD66FDB9" box="[398,707,557,582]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Hypericaceae" genus="Psorospermum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="9" pageNumber="582" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glaberrimum">
<emphasis id="CE825D0FFFD2FFBCFE29FD84FD66FDB9" box="[398,707,557,582]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="582">Psorospermum glaberrimum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
versus
<taxonomicName id="3BF6FA9EFFD2FFBCFCBEFD84FC0FFDB9" box="[793,938,557,582]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Hypericaceae" genus="Psorospermum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="9" pageNumber="582" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="febrifugum">
<emphasis id="CE825D0FFFD2FFBCFCBEFD84FC0FFDB9" box="[793,938,557,582]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="582">P. febrifugum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="A889D195FFD2FFBCFF07FF27FBC2FF3D" pageId="9" pageNumber="582" startId="9.[160,216,142,165]" targetBox="[171,1144,207,389]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="9" targetType="table">
<paragraph id="FC49811DFFD2FFBCFF07FF27FBC2FF3D" blockId="9.[159,1155,142,194]" pageId="9" pageNumber="582">
<emphasis id="CE825D0FFFD2FFBCFF07FF27FF54FF5A" bold="true" box="[160,241,142,165]" pageId="9" pageNumber="582">Table 1.</emphasis>
Distribution of
<taxonomicName id="3BF6FA9EFFD2FFBCFE21FF27FCD4FF5A" authority="Burckhardt, Alene and Serbina" authorityName="Burckhardt, Alene and Serbina" authorityYear="2025" box="[390,881,142,165]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Hypericaceae" genus="Lilaoshia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="9" pageNumber="582" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="psorospermi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="CE825D0FFFD2FFBCFE21FF27FDEEFF5A" box="[390,587,142,165]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="582">Lilaoshia psorospermi</emphasis>
Burckhardt, Aléné and Serbina
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="CE825D0FFFD2FFBCFCD0FF27FC0AFF5A" bold="true" box="[887,943,142,165]" pageId="9" pageNumber="582">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D5B1E074FFD2FFBCFCD0FF27FC0AFF5A" box="[887,943,142,165]" pageId="9" pageNumber="582" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
and its associated ant species on old leaves (O), young leaves (Y) and very young leaves (VY) of
<taxonomicName id="3BF6FA9EFFD2FFBCFCF9FF02FBC7FF3D" box="[862,1122,171,194]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Hypericaceae" genus="Psorospermum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="9" pageNumber="582" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glaberrimum">
<emphasis id="CE825D0FFFD2FFBCFCF9FF02FBC7FF3D" box="[862,1122,171,194]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="582">Psorospermum glaberrimum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="FC49811DFFD2FFBCFE78FF66FBDDFE86" pageId="9" pageNumber="582">
<table id="8EF673BDFFD2004AFF0CFF66FBDDFE7A" box="[171,1144,207,389]" gridcols="6" gridrows="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="582">
<tr id="42C6835FFFD2004AFF0CFF66FBDDFF1C" box="[171,1144,207,227]" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="582">
<th id="0117EA23FFD2004AFF0CFF66FBDDFF1C" box="[171,1144,207,227]" colspan="6" colspanRight="5" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="582">
Age classes of
<taxonomicName id="3BF6FA9EFFD2FFBCFDFDFF66FC9AFF1C" box="[602,831,207,227]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Hypericaceae" genus="Psorospermum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="9" pageNumber="582" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glaberrimum">
<emphasis id="CE825D0FFFD2FFBCFDFDFF66FC9AFF1C" box="[602,831,207,227]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="582">Psorospermum glaberrimum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="42C6835FFFD2004AFF0CFF45FBDDFEFA" box="[171,1144,236,261]" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="582">
<th id="0117EA23FFD2004AFF0CFF45FE3CFEFA" box="[171,409,236,261]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="582">Species</th>
<td id="0117EA23FFD2004AFE1CFF45FD97FEFA" box="[443,562,236,261]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="582">O</td>
<td id="0117EA23FFD2004AFDF3FF45FD6FFEFA" box="[596,714,236,261]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="582">Y</td>
<td id="0117EA23FFD2004AFD4BFF45FCC6FEFA" box="[748,867,236,261]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="582">VY</td>
<td id="0117EA23FFD2004AFC22FF45FC0BFEFA" box="[901,942,236,261]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="582">Total</td>
<td id="0117EA23FFD2004AFC77FF45FBDDFEFA" box="[976,1144,236,261]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="582">KW-Test (Χ2)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="42C6835FFFD2004AFF0CFEA5FBDDFE7A" box="[171,1144,268,389]" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="582">
<th id="0117EA23FFD2004AFF0CFEA5FE3CFE7A" box="[171,409,268,389]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="582">
<emphasis id="CE825D0FFFD2FFBCFF0CFEB8FE3CFE92" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="582">
<taxonomicName id="3BF6FA9EFFD2FFBCFF0CFEB8FEFCFEDA" authorityName="Burckhardt, Alene and Serbina" authorityYear="2025" box="[171,345,273,293]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Hypericaceae" genus="Lilaoshia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="9" pageNumber="582" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="psorospermi">Lilaoshia psorospermi</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="3BF6FA9EFFD2FFBCFF0CFE80FED5FEC2" authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1892" box="[171,368,297,317]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="582" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="striatulus">Crematogaster striatulus</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="3BF6FA9EFFD2FFBCFF0CFEE8FED6FEAA" authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1899" box="[171,371,321,341]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Camponotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="582" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="congolensis">Camponotus congolensis</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="3BF6FA9EFFD2FFBCFF0CFEF0FE3CFE92" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1862" box="[171,409,345,365]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Camponotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="582" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavomarginatus">Camponotus flavomarginatus</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="3BF6FA9EFFD2FFBCFF0CFED8FEBEFE7A" box="[171,283,369,389]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tapinoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="582" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="CE825D0FFFD2FFBCFF0CFED8FF59FE7A" box="[171,252,369,389]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="582">Tapinoma</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="0117EA23FFD2004AFE1CFEA5FD97FE7A" box="[443,562,268,389]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="582">3387 (46.85%) 238 (42.42%) 77 (48%) 194 (71.90%) 5 (50.00%)</td>
<td id="0117EA23FFD2004AFDF3FEA5FD6FFE7A" box="[596,714,268,389]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="582">2319 (32.08%) 198 (35.30%) 46 (28.60%) 56 (20.74%) 5 (50.00%)</td>
<td id="0117EA23FFD2004AFD4BFEA5FCC6FE7A" box="[748,867,268,389]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="582">1523 (21.07%) 125 (22.30%) 38 (23.60%) 20 (7.41%) 0 (0.00%)</td>
<td id="0117EA23FFD2004AFC22FEA5FC0BFE7A" box="[901,942,268,389]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="582">7229 561 161 270 10</td>
<td id="0117EA23FFD2004AFC77FEA5FBDDFE7A" box="[976,1144,268,389]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="582">Χ2 = 0.42; P&gt; 0.05 Χ2 = 0.43; P&gt; 0.05 Χ2 = 17.71; P &lt;103 Χ2 = 0.47; P&gt; 0.05 Χ2 = 8.17; P &lt;103</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FC49811DFFD2FFBCFF07FE3BFC73FE59" blockId="9.[160,982,402,422]" box="[160,982,402,422]" pageId="9" pageNumber="582">
<tableNote id="01108093FFD2FFBCFF07FE3BFC73FE59" box="[160,982,402,422]" pageId="9" pageNumber="582" targetBox="[171,1144,207,389]" targetPageId="9">Numbers represent insect abundance (absolute and relative values). KW-Test = Kruskal-Wallis test.</tableNote>
</paragraph>
<subSubSection id="B4ECD296FFD2FFBCFF07FD2DFC65FA78" pageId="9" pageNumber="582" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="FC49811DFFD2FFBCFF07FD2DFF59FD61" blockId="9.[160,252,644,670]" box="[160,252,644,670]" pageId="9" pageNumber="582">
<heading id="A7013671FFD2FFBCFF07FD2DFF59FD61" bold="true" box="[160,252,644,670]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="582" reason="3">
<emphasis id="CE825D0FFFD2FFBCFF07FD2DFF59FD61" bold="true" box="[160,252,644,670]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="582">Biology</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FC49811DFFD2FFBCFF07FD10FC33FC5D" blockId="9.[160,1157,697,1415]" pageId="9" pageNumber="582">
Adult and immature
<taxonomicName id="3BF6FA9EFFD2FFBCFE22FD10FDCAFD2D" authorityName="Burckhardt, Alene and Serbina" authorityYear="2025" box="[389,623,697,722]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Hypericaceae" genus="Lilaoshia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="9" pageNumber="582" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="psorospermi">
<emphasis id="CE825D0FFFD2FFBCFE22FD10FDCAFD2D" box="[389,623,697,722]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="582">Lilaoshia psorospermi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were observed together with the following four ant species (
<taxonomicName id="3BF6FA9EFFD2FFBCFEC1FD72FDACFD0B" box="[358,521,731,756]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="582" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Hymenoptera</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="3BF6FA9EFFD2FFBCFD88FD72FD11FD0B" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[559,692,731,756]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="582" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Formicidae</taxonomicName>
):
<taxonomicName id="3BF6FA9EFFD2FFBCFD47FD72FB24FD0B" authority="Emery" authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1899" box="[736,1153,731,756]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Camponotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="582" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="congolensis">
<emphasis id="CE825D0FFFD2FFBCFD47FD72FBB6FD0B" box="[736,1043,731,756]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="582">Camponotus congolensis</emphasis>
Emery
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="3BF6FA9EFFD2FFBCFF07FD57FE19FCE8" authority="Mayr" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1862" box="[160,444,766,791]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Camponotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="582" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavomarginatus">
<emphasis id="CE825D0FFFD2FFBCFF07FD57FED0FCE8" box="[160,373,766,791]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="582">C. flavomarginatus</emphasis>
Mayr
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="3BF6FA9EFFD2FFBCFE6DFD57FC95FCE8" authority="Emery" authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1892" box="[458,816,766,791]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="582" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="striatulus">
<emphasis id="CE825D0FFFD2FFBCFE6DFD57FD78FCE8" box="[458,733,766,791]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="582">Crematogaster striatulus</emphasis>
Emery
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="3BF6FA9EFFD2FFBCFCD5FD57FBABFCE8" box="[882,1038,766,791]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tapinoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="582" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="CE825D0FFFD2FFBCFCD5FD57FC47FCE8" box="[882,994,766,791]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="582">Tapinoma</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
With 561 individuals observed,
<taxonomicName id="3BF6FA9EFFD2FFBCFE3DFC88FDBEFCC5" authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1892" box="[410,539,801,826]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="582" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="striatulus">
<emphasis id="CE825D0FFFD2FFBCFE3DFC88FDBEFCC5" box="[410,539,801,826]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="582">C. striatulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was the most abundant ant species followed by the two
<taxonomicName id="3BF6FA9EFFD2FFBCFF77FCEAFE17FCA3" box="[208,434,835,860]" pageId="9" pageNumber="582">
<emphasis id="CE825D0FFFD2FFBCFF77FCEAFEFEFCA3" box="[208,347,835,860]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="582">Camponotus</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
(431 individuals) and
<taxonomicName id="3BF6FA9EFFD2FFBCFD04FCEAFC92FCA3" box="[675,823,835,860]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tapinoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="582" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="CE825D0FFFD2FFBCFD04FCEAFCB4FCA3" box="[675,785,835,860]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="582">Tapinoma</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
(10 individuals). Immatures of
<taxonomicName id="3BF6FA9EFFD2FFBCFF07FCCFFE9EFC80" authorityName="Burckhardt, Alene and Serbina" authorityYear="2025" box="[160,315,870,895]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Hypericaceae" genus="Lilaoshia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="9" pageNumber="582" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="psorospermi">
<emphasis id="CE825D0FFFD2FFBCFF07FCCFFE9EFC80" box="[160,315,870,895]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="582">L. psorospermi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
fed on the lower leaf surface, near the midrib or on the proximal leaf margin near the petiole. Feeding led to leaf depigmentation and leaf drop.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FC49811DFFD2FFBCFF67FC02FD02FBB0" blockId="9.[160,1157,697,1415]" pageId="9" pageNumber="582">
Population levels of psyllid infestations and their accompanying ants varied significantly between leaf-age classes of
<taxonomicName id="3BF6FA9EFFD2FFBCFD96FC67FD7FFC18" box="[561,730,974,999]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Hypericaceae" genus="Psorospermum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="9" pageNumber="582" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glaberrimum">
<emphasis id="CE825D0FFFD2FFBCFD96FC67FD7FFC18" box="[561,730,974,999]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="582">P. glaberrimum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The highest number of psyllids was found on the old leaves (47%), decreasing on the young leaves (32%) and very young leaves (21%). For the ants, the pattern was roughly the same, with significant differences confirmed by the Kruskal
<collectingCountry id="84E1C18DFFD2FFBCFE61FB9FFDADFBB0" box="[454,520,1078,1103]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="9" pageNumber="582">Wallis</collectingCountry>
test (
<tableCitation id="B174B4A6FFD2FFBCFDEFFB9FFD3FFBB0" box="[584,666,1078,1103]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="9.[160,216,142,165]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Table 1. Distribution of Lilaoshia psorospermi Burckhardt, Aléné and Serbina sp. n. and its associated ant species on old leaves (O), young leaves (Y) and very young leaves (VY) of Psorospermum glaberrimum." pageId="9" pageNumber="582">Table 1</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FC49811DFFD2FFBCFF67FBF0FC65FA78" blockId="9.[160,1157,697,1415]" pageId="9" pageNumber="582">
The Spearman correlation test performed between the numbers of individuals of
<taxonomicName id="3BF6FA9EFFD2FFBCFF07FBD2FE8DFB6B" authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1892" box="[160,296,1147,1172]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="582" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="striatulus">
<emphasis id="CE825D0FFFD2FFBCFF07FBD2FE8DFB6B" box="[160,296,1147,1172]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="582">C. striatulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="3BF6FA9EFFD2FFBCFECBFBD2FDB7FB6B" authorityName="Burckhardt, Alene and Serbina" authorityYear="2025" box="[364,530,1147,1172]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Hypericaceae" genus="Lilaoshia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="9" pageNumber="582" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="psorospermi">
<emphasis id="CE825D0FFFD2FFBCFECBFBD2FDB7FB6B" box="[364,530,1147,1172]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="582">L. psorospermi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
showed a positive significant correlation (R = 0.33;
<emphasis id="CE825D0FFFD2FFBCFF07FB37FF63FB48" box="[160,198,1182,1207]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="582">p =</emphasis>
.002). In contrast,
<taxonomicName id="3BF6FA9EFFD2FFBCFE31FB37FDFDFB48" box="[406,600,1182,1207]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Camponotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="582" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="CE825D0FFFD2FFBCFE31FB37FD84FB48" box="[406,545,1182,1207]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="582">Camponotus</emphasis>
spp.
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="3BF6FA9EFFD2FFBCFD36FB37FC8DFB48" box="[657,808,1182,1207]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tapinoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="582" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="CE825D0FFFD2FFBCFD36FB37FD5AFB48" box="[657,767,1182,1207]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="582">Tapinoma</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
showed no significant correlation with
<taxonomicName id="3BF6FA9EFFD2FFBCFEADFB68FE00FB25" authorityName="Burckhardt, Alene and Serbina" authorityYear="2025" box="[266,421,1217,1242]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Hypericaceae" genus="Lilaoshia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="9" pageNumber="582" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="psorospermi">
<emphasis id="CE825D0FFFD2FFBCFEADFB68FE00FB25" box="[266,421,1217,1242]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="582">L. psorospermi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(R = 0.02,
<emphasis id="CE825D0FFFD2FFBCFDB0FB68FD80FB25" box="[535,549,1217,1242]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="582">p</emphasis>
=.87 and R = 0.13,
<emphasis id="CE825D0FFFD2FFBCFD5BFB68FCAFFB25" box="[764,778,1217,1242]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="582">p</emphasis>
=.25, respectively). The following two ant taxa associated with
<taxonomicName id="3BF6FA9EFFD2FFBCFE48FB4AFD28FB03" authorityName="Burckhardt, Alene and Serbina" authorityYear="2025" box="[495,653,1251,1276]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Hypericaceae" genus="Lilaoshia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="9" pageNumber="582" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="psorospermi">
<emphasis id="CE825D0FFFD2FFBCFE48FB4AFD28FB03" box="[495,653,1251,1276]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="582">L. psorospermi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
always built shelters around and above the psyllid colonies. The shelter built by
<taxonomicName id="3BF6FA9EFFD2FFBCFD91FAAFFD53FAE0" box="[566,758,1286,1311]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Camponotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="582" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="CE825D0FFFD2FFBCFD91FAAFFD64FAE0" box="[566,705,1286,1311]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="582">Camponotus</emphasis>
spp.
</taxonomicName>
consisted of soil (
<figureCitation id="64CD9D98FFD2FFBCFC1AFAAFFBBDFAE0" box="[957,1048,1286,1311]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="6.[160,225,1709,1732]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,142,1678]" captionTargetId="figure-3@6.[163,1153,142,1678]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 5. Lilaoshia psorospermi Burckhardt, Aléné and Serbina sp. n., biology: (a) Crematogaster striatulus ants tending adult and immature psyllids; (b) eggs, parasitised mummies and dead adult; (c) Camponotus ants construct a shelter around a female psyllid laying eggs; (d) old leaf with colony of adult and immature psyllids tended by Tapinoma ants; (e) psyllid colony with adult, immatures and eggs tended by Crematogaster striatulus ants after removing the cover; (f) cover over a psyllid colony built by C. striatulus ants; (g) shelter consisting of sand and plant debris built by C. striatulus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14970806" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14970806/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="582">Figure 5</figureCitation>
(c)), while that by
<taxonomicName id="3BF6FA9EFFD2FFBCFF53FA80FE59FABD" authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1892" box="[244,508,1321,1346]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="582" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="striatulus">
<emphasis id="CE825D0FFFD2FFBCFF53FA80FE59FABD" box="[244,508,1321,1346]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="582">Crematogaster striatulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was made of soil or sand mixed with plant debris (
<figureCitation id="64CD9D98FFD2FFBCFB8EFA80FB26FABD" box="[1065,1155,1321,1346]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="6.[160,225,1709,1732]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,142,1678]" captionTargetId="figure-3@6.[163,1153,142,1678]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 5. Lilaoshia psorospermi Burckhardt, Aléné and Serbina sp. n., biology: (a) Crematogaster striatulus ants tending adult and immature psyllids; (b) eggs, parasitised mummies and dead adult; (c) Camponotus ants construct a shelter around a female psyllid laying eggs; (d) old leaf with colony of adult and immature psyllids tended by Tapinoma ants; (e) psyllid colony with adult, immatures and eggs tended by Crematogaster striatulus ants after removing the cover; (f) cover over a psyllid colony built by C. striatulus ants; (g) shelter consisting of sand and plant debris built by C. striatulus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14970806" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14970806/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="582">Figure 5</figureCitation>
(e, f, g)). For
<taxonomicName id="3BF6FA9EFFD2FFBCFE88FAE5FE60FA9A" box="[303,453,1356,1381]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tapinoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="582" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="CE825D0FFFD2FFBCFE88FAE5FE38FA9A" box="[303,413,1356,1381]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="582">Tapinoma</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
the building of a shelter was not mandatory. These ants were among the colonies to feed on the honeydew excreted by the psyllids.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>