diff --git a/data/03/A1/87/03A187C9FFD3FF8F88B3FA946C8EFE15.xml b/data/03/A1/87/03A187C9FFD3FF8F88B3FA946C8EFE15.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..2e9f73084f3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/03/A1/87/03A187C9FFD3FF8F88B3FA946C8EFE15.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,367 @@
+
+
+
+Shanaya: A new leafhopper genus of the tribe Mukariini (Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae) with two new species discovered and described from India
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Rajgopal, Nernakallu N.
+0000-0001-7916-4849
+ICAR- National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, Bengaluru 560024, Karnataka, India & Division of Entomology, Indian Council of Agriculture Research-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
+raju924rg@gmail.com
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Ramaiah, Mogili
+0000-0002-2230-6567
+Division of Entomology, Indian Council of Agriculture Research-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
+ramaiahmogili@gmail.com
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Rai, Stuti
+0000-0003-3884-9416
+Division of Entomology, Indian Council of Agriculture Research-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India & Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
+stutir0@gmail.com
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Dey, Debjani
+0000-0002-6956-239X
+Division of Entomology, Indian Council of Agriculture Research-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
+ddeyiari@hotmail.com
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Singaravel, Muniyandi
+0000-0003-1559-7914
+Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
+m.singaravel@bhu.ac.in
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Meshram, Naresh M.
+0000-0002-7020-2084
+ICAR-Central Citrus Research Institute, Nagpur, 440033, India
+nmmeshram@gmail.com
+
+text
+
+
+Zootaxa
+
+
+2025
+
+2025-05-21
+
+
+5637
+
+
+2
+
+
+383
+393
+
+
+
+
+https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5637.2.11
+
+journal article
+310147
+10.11646/zootaxa.5637.2.11
+49c36b73-39b1-4c4c-8dc0-1eb14bd9f51f
+1175-5326
+15562255
+EC5E28CB-4E9F-4D73-8F4F-FF9739F04F30
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Key to
+Mukariini
+genera of the Indian subcontinent (for males; modified from
+Viraktamath & Webb, 2019
+)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+1. Crown as long or slightly longer than pronotum (
+Viraktamath & Webb 2019
+:
+Figs 2 C, E
+)............
+
+Flatfronta
+Chen & Li
+
+
+
+
+
+- Crown distinctly shorter than pronotum (
+Viraktamath & Webb 2019
+:
+Figs 1 A, G
+).................................. 2
+
+
+
+
+
+
+2. Aedeagus with two shafts and two gonopores (
+Viraktamath & Webb 2019
+: Figs 16 D, 17 D, 25 D)..................... 3
+
+
+
+
+- Aedeagus with one shaft and one gonopore (
+Viraktamath & Webb 2019
+: Figs 20 H, 22 K, 24 J)....................... 5
+
+
+
+
+
+
+3. Head in profile thin, spatulate, ventral part of face nearly horizontal (
+Viraktamath & Webb 2019
+:
+Fig. 1B
+); connective Y-shaped (
+Viraktamath & Webb 2019
+: Fig. 16 D).............................................
+
+Aalinga
+Viraktamath & Webb
+
+
+
+
+
+- Head in profile tumid in front, ventral part of face more or less concave (
+Viraktamath & Webb 2019
+:
+Fig. 1 F
+,
+2 P
+); connective U-shaped (
+Viraktamath & Webb 2019
+: Figs 17 D, 18 C)....................................................... 4
+
+
+
+
+
+
+4. Crown medially about as long as next to eyes (
+Viraktamath & Webb 2019
+:
+Figs 1 E, G, I, K
+) except
+
+B. zeylanica
+
+; male subgenital plate with short membranous apical appendage (
+Viraktamath & Webb 2019
+: Fig. 18 B)..........
+
+Buloria
+Distant
+
+
+
+
+
+- Crown medially much longer than next to eyes (
+Viraktamath & Webb 2019
+:
+Figs 2 O, Q
+); male subgenital plate without membranous apical appendage (
+Viraktamath & Webb 2019
+: Fig. 25 B)...............................
+
+Mukaria
+Distant
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+5. Forewing with third apical cell stalked (
+Viraktamath & Webb 2019
+: Fig. 14 J)..................................... 6
+
+
+
+
+- Forewing with third apical cell not stalked but may be very narrowly rectangular at base (
+Viraktamath & Webb 2019
+: Fig. 14 I)........................................................................................... 8
+
+
+
+
+
+
+6. Crown transversely depressed between eyes (
+Viraktamath & Webb 2019
+:
+Figs 4 U, V
+).......
+
+Scaphotettix
+Matsumura
+
+(part)
+
+
+
+
+- Crown not depressed between eyes (
+Viraktamath & Webb 2019
+:
+Figs 4 A–T
+)...................................... 7
+
+
+
+
+
+
+7. Head distinctly wider than pronotum (
+Viraktamath & Webb 2019
+:
+Figs 4A, C, N
+, 13J)..................
+
+Myittana
+Distant
+
+
+
+
+
+- Head about as wide as or narrower than pronotum (
+Viraktamath & Webb 2019
+:
+Figs 4 O, Q, S
+).....
+
+Scaphotettix
+Matsumura
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+8. Head and thorax shining black except for a median pale stripe on crown (
+Viraktamath & Webb 2019
+:
+Fig. 3 I
+); connective and aedeagus fused, aedeagal shaft with processes directed dorsally and posteriorly (
+Viraktamath & Webb 2019
+: Fig. 29 H)...............................................................................
+
+Mukariella
+Viraktamath & Webb
+
+
+
+
+
+- Head and thorax creamy white with black (
+Viraktamath & Webb 2019
+:
+Figs 1 Q
+,
+2 A
+, 12 C) or reddish markings (
+Viraktamath & Webb 2019
+:
+Figs 2 G
+, 12 G); connective and aedeagus articulated, aedeagal shaft processes if present not directed as above (
+Viraktamath & Webb 2019
+: Figs 20 G, H, 24 I)............................................................. 9
+
+
+
+
+
+
+9. Pronotum with basal black spots (
+Viraktamath & Webb 2019
+:
+Figs 1 Q
+,
+2 A
+, 12 C)....................
+
+Crispina
+Distant
+
+
+
+
+- Pronotum with orange-red markings..................................................................... 10
+
+
+
+
+
+10. With reddish orange longitudinal stripes on head, pronotum, mesonotum and forewings (
+Viraktamath & Webb 2019
+:
+Figs 2 G, I
+, 12 E, G); forewing without brown irroration; pygofer without modified thickened setae................
+
+Mohunia
+Distant
+
+
+
+
+
+- With reddish orange spots on head and pronotum; forewings with brown irrorations; pygofer with modified thickened setae (
+Figs 2 A–B
+)...........................................................................
+
+Shanaya
+
+
+gen. nov.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/03/AC/97/03AC9719FFDBFFA0FFF8FDB18C72F9A7.xml b/data/03/AC/97/03AC9719FFDBFFA0FFF8FDB18C72F9A7.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..69d107d9644
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/03/AC/97/03AC9719FFDBFFA0FFF8FDB18C72F9A7.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+
+
+
+Taxonomic notes on Davidioides martini Fraser, 1924 (Odonata: Gomphidae) and description of its female from Western Ghats, Peninsular India
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Sadasivan, Kalesh
+TORG (TNHS Odonate Research Group), Travancore Nature History Society (TNHS), MBRRA, Mathrubhumi Road, Vanchiyoor P. O., Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India, PIN 695035; Email: info. tnhs @ gmail. com & Greeshmam, BN 439, Bapuji Nagar, Medical College P. O., Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India, PIN 695011; Email: kaleshs 2002 in @ gmail. com
+info.tnhs@gmail.com&kaleshs2002in@gmail.com&kaleshs2002in@gmail.com
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Nair, Vinayan P.
+TORG (TNHS Odonate Research Group), Travancore Nature History Society (TNHS), MBRRA, Mathrubhumi Road, Vanchiyoor P. O., Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India, PIN 695035; Email: info. tnhs @ gmail. com & XV / 446 A 1, Nethaji Housing Colony, Trichambaram, Taliparamba P. O., Kannur, Kerala, India, PIN 670141; Email: vinayanpnair @ gmail. com
+info.tnhs@gmail.com&vinayanpnair@gmail.com
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Pulikkal, Subash
+Society for Tropical Ecology and Research, Nilambur, Malappuram, Kerala, India, PIN- 679339 & Sreemandiram, Poothrakkove, Porur P. O., Vaniyambalam, Malappuram, Kerala, India, PIN- 679339; Email: pulikkalsubhash @ gmail. com
+pulikkalsubhash@gmail.com
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Janaki, Sabari
+Society for Tropical Ecology and Research, Nilambur, Malappuram, Kerala, India, PIN- 679339 & Viju Nivas, Manhappatta P. O., Manjeri, Malappuram, Kerala, India, PIN 676123; Email: sabarimuriyankandan @ gmail. com
+sabarimuriyankandan@gmail.com
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Samuel, Abraham
+TORG (TNHS Odonate Research Group), Travancore Nature History Society (TNHS), MBRRA, Mathrubhumi Road, Vanchiyoor P. O., Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India, PIN 695035; Email: info. tnhs @ gmail. com & Tropical Institute of Ecological Sciences (TIES), Ecological Research Campus, K. K Road, Velloor P. O., Kottayam, Kerala, India, PIN 686501; Email: abrahamcms @ gmail. com
+info.tnhs@gmail.com&abrahamcms@gmail.com
+
+text
+
+
+International Journal of Odonatology
+
+
+2023
+
+2023-09-12
+
+
+26
+
+
+114
+123
+
+
+
+
+https://doi.org/10.48156/1388.2023.1917211
+
+journal article
+10.48156/1388.2023.1917211
+2159-6719
+
+
+
+
+
+Genus
+
+Davidioides
+Fraser, 1924
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Type
+species:
+
+Davidioides martini
+Fraser, 1924
+
+
+
+
+
+Diagnosis of the genus
+
+
+Differentiated from all other genera of
+Gomphidae
+by the males having discoidal cells, hypertrigones, and the subtrigones of the forewing being always entire, anal triangle 4-celled, and discoidal cell of hindwing traversed by a nervure running from the costal to the distal side.
+
+
+Head small, triangular; frons well-angulated, occiput simple, concave. Wings broad and long, nearly as long as abdomen, tornus markedly angulated, base of hindwing deeply excavated; membrane obsolete; anal triangle 3-celled; arc situated between the second and third antenodal nervures in FW; three cross nervures between bifurcation of radial sectors and anterior median (MA) in FW, only one in HW; sectors of arc well separated at origin, approximately parallel for some distance, especially in the hindwing; CuA and MP running parallel to rear border of wing; only 1 cubital nervure in all wings; no basal antenodal of 2
+nd
+series present; trigones (triangles) of forewing entire, that of hindwing traversed by one vertical nervure; pterostigma shorter than one quarter the distance between node and outer end of pterostigma; 4 rows of postanal cells in hindwing, 1 or
+2 in
+forewings; legs moderately long, extending to apical border of Segment 1; anal appendages subequal, widely and equally divaricate, simple, without branches or ventral processes (
+Fraser, 1924
+,
+1934
+)
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/03/AC/97/03AC9719FFDBFFAAFFF8F9B88FAFFBBB.xml b/data/03/AC/97/03AC9719FFDBFFAAFFF8F9B88FAFFBBB.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..75fdfd5a119
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/03/AC/97/03AC9719FFDBFFAAFFF8F9B88FAFFBBB.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,567 @@
+
+
+
+Taxonomic notes on Davidioides martini Fraser, 1924 (Odonata: Gomphidae) and description of its female from Western Ghats, Peninsular India
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Sadasivan, Kalesh
+TORG (TNHS Odonate Research Group), Travancore Nature History Society (TNHS), MBRRA, Mathrubhumi Road, Vanchiyoor P. O., Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India, PIN 695035; Email: info. tnhs @ gmail. com & Greeshmam, BN 439, Bapuji Nagar, Medical College P. O., Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India, PIN 695011; Email: kaleshs 2002 in @ gmail. com
+info.tnhs@gmail.com&kaleshs2002in@gmail.com&kaleshs2002in@gmail.com
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Nair, Vinayan P.
+TORG (TNHS Odonate Research Group), Travancore Nature History Society (TNHS), MBRRA, Mathrubhumi Road, Vanchiyoor P. O., Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India, PIN 695035; Email: info. tnhs @ gmail. com & XV / 446 A 1, Nethaji Housing Colony, Trichambaram, Taliparamba P. O., Kannur, Kerala, India, PIN 670141; Email: vinayanpnair @ gmail. com
+info.tnhs@gmail.com&vinayanpnair@gmail.com
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Pulikkal, Subash
+Society for Tropical Ecology and Research, Nilambur, Malappuram, Kerala, India, PIN- 679339 & Sreemandiram, Poothrakkove, Porur P. O., Vaniyambalam, Malappuram, Kerala, India, PIN- 679339; Email: pulikkalsubhash @ gmail. com
+pulikkalsubhash@gmail.com
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Janaki, Sabari
+Society for Tropical Ecology and Research, Nilambur, Malappuram, Kerala, India, PIN- 679339 & Viju Nivas, Manhappatta P. O., Manjeri, Malappuram, Kerala, India, PIN 676123; Email: sabarimuriyankandan @ gmail. com
+sabarimuriyankandan@gmail.com
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Samuel, Abraham
+TORG (TNHS Odonate Research Group), Travancore Nature History Society (TNHS), MBRRA, Mathrubhumi Road, Vanchiyoor P. O., Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India, PIN 695035; Email: info. tnhs @ gmail. com & Tropical Institute of Ecological Sciences (TIES), Ecological Research Campus, K. K Road, Velloor P. O., Kottayam, Kerala, India, PIN 686501; Email: abrahamcms @ gmail. com
+info.tnhs@gmail.com&abrahamcms@gmail.com
+
+text
+
+
+International Journal of Odonatology
+
+
+2023
+
+2023-09-12
+
+
+26
+
+
+114
+123
+
+
+
+
+https://doi.org/10.48156/1388.2023.1917211
+
+journal article
+10.48156/1388.2023.1917211
+2159-6719
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Davidioides martini
+Fraser, 1924
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+(
+Figs 2–5
+)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Davidioides martini
+
+–
+
+Fraser, 1924: 472–473
+
+,
+Fig. 2
+(original description);
+
+Fraser, 1926: 419–420
+
+,
+Figs 3
+–6, Plate ii:
+Fig. 1
+;
+
+Laidlaw, 1930: 188
+
+;
+
+Fraser, 1931: 447
+
+;
+
+Needham, 1932: 226
+
+
+
+
+Specimens examined
+
+
+
+
+
+4 ♂♂
+and
+4 ♀♀
+.
+TORG #1023
+
+,
+
+♂
+,
+Kakkadumpoyil
+,
+Nilambur
+,
+Malappuram District
+,
+Kerala
+,
+India
+,
+
+28.v.
+
+2023
+
+
+, 850 m a.s.l., col.
+K. Sadasivan.
+TORG #1024
+
+
+♂
+,
+
+30.v.2023
+
+;
+TORG #1025
+
+
+♂
+,
+
+31.v.2023
+
+;
+TORG #1026
+
+
+♂
+,
+
+30.v.2023
+
+;
+TORG #1027
+
+
+♀
+,
+
+31.v.2023
+
+;
+TORG #1028
+
+
+♀
+,
+
+30.v.2023
+
+;
+TORG #1029
+
+
+♀
+,
+
+31.v.2023
+
+, and
+TORG #1030
+
+
+♀
+,
+
+31.v.2023
+
+, all bearing the following collection details:
+Nadukaani
+,
+Nilambur
+,
+Malappuram District
+,
+Kerala
+,
+India
+,
+
+
+30.v.
+2023
+
+
+, 700 m a.s.l., coll.
+K. Sadasivan.
+
+
+
+Other specimens studied in the field (not collected)
+
+
+2 ♂♂
+, and
+
+2 ♀♀
+, from
+Thanuppan Chola
+,
+Nadukani
+,
+Nilambur
+,
+Malappuram District
+,
+Kerala
+,
+India
+,
+
+
+30.v.
+2023
+
+
+, 700 m a.s.l., (
+K. Sadasivan
+and
+S. Pulikkal
+)
+
+.
+
+
+Description of male
+
+
+(
+Figs 2
+,
+4A–E, 4G–H
+,
+5E–F
+)
+
+Measurements (in mm) (n=4): TL 48–52, AL 32–37, FWL 35–38, HWL 32–33, HFL 5.
+
+Head (
+Figs 2A–D
+). Eyes greenish blue, anterodorsally darker, and inferolaterally pale bluish white. Genae black. Mandibles pale lemon-yellow. Labium yellowish white posteriorly, and anteriorly including the teeth black. Labrum black, bearing two large triangular yellowish blue patches on each half, its entire free edge thickly bordered with black. Anteclypeus pale lemon-yellow. Postclypeus shiny black. Antefrons and postfrons shiny black throughout, with a large pale lemonyellowish band in the upper area of the antefrons and expanding to the anterior area of the postfrons. The transverse band slightly concave in its middle. Vertex shiny black. Occipital bar slightly concave, matte black. Postocular lobe shiny black. Ocelli waxy white. Antennal flagellum and pedicel black, its scape ringed with yellowish white. Postgenae shiny black. Long pale amber-brown setae along the inferior border of the labrum and on the labium. Setae on the rest of the face black.
+
+
+Prothorax (
+Figs 2A, B, D
+). The general colour is black, and marked with lemon-yellow spots. In dorsal view, anterior lobe centrally broadly marked with yellow and laterally black; middle lobe black with a pair of small round paradorsal yellow spots; posterior lobe entirely black with its mid-dorsal aspect bearing a large yellow triangular spot, whole medial margin sinuous. In lateral view, the lateral aspect of the middle lobe with a large yellow triangular spot as mentioned above. Proepisternum and proepimeron black with a brownish tinge. Forelegs generally black, but lateral aspect of coxae dirty yellow, and medial aspect of femur with a large oval yellowish white patch, rest of the leg including the spines and claws black.
+
+
+Synthorax (
+Figs 2A–D
+). General colour black, marked with lemon-yellow stripes. In dorsal view,the mid-dorsal carina black, marked with yellow. Mesothoracic collar stripe yellow, well developed, passing over it and continuing to the other side; antehumeral stripes well developed, widely separated from the mesothoracic collar, minimally tapering towards the dorsum, L-shaped, almost reaching the antealar sinus dorsally, but turning laterally at a right angle as a continuous streak for a distance for almost one third of its length. In lateral view, the mesepisternum black, bearing the yellow mesothoracic collar and the antehumeral stripes. Mesokatepisternum dorsally black and inferolaterally marked with a bold yellow oblique stripe. Mesepimeron black, bearing a large anterosuperior yellow stripe extending dorsally and almost reaching the wing base. Metepisternum black and marked with a thin L-shaped yellow stripe that may be reduced to two small yellow spots on the posterodorsal aspect in well-marked specimens (
+Fig. 2D
+). Metinfraepisternum mostly yellow, bordered with black. Metepimeron yellowish throughout sace for a thin black circumferential border. Poststernum yellow. Antealar sinus black, the intervening acrotergite region yellow. Scutum, scutellum, and postscutellum mostly yellow bordered with black. All sutures black. Metathoracic spiracle brown. Mid- and hindleg coxae dirty yellowish white; trochanter, femur, and tibia and claws black. Hind femur long, reaching the junction of abdominal sternites S1 and S2.
+
+
+
+Figure 2.
+
+Davidioides martini
+Fraser, 1924
+
+, male. A – Lateral view; B – dorsal view of head, prothorax, and synthorax; C – closeup of head in frontal view; D – lateral close-up view of head, prothorax and synthorax; E – venation; F – dorsal view of terminal abdominal segments; G – lateral view of terminal abdominal segments.
+
+
+
+
+Figure 3.
+
+Davidioides martini
+Fraser, 1924
+
+, female. A – Dorsolateral view of the whole insect; B – dorsal view of head, prothorax and synthorax; C – lateral close-up view of head, prothorax and synthorax; D – dorsal view of terminal abdominal segments; E – close-up of head from the front.
+
+
+
+Wings (
+Figs 2E
+,
+5E–F
+). Hyaline; Pt of both wings black, parallelogram-shaped, occupying almost four cells; borders slanting laterally; inferior border curvilinear. Pt length four times its breadth in its middle. Trigones (triangles) of forewing entire (
+Fig. 5E
+), that of hindwing traversed by one vertical nervure (
+Fig. 5F
+). Anal triangle in HW 4-celled. Nodal Range in FW: Ax 14–16 & Px 10–12; HW: Ax 10–12 & Px 11.
+
+
+Abdomen (
+Figs 2A, F, G
+). General colour shiny black, with pale lemon-yellow markings as follows: S1 dorsally on its distal border with a large triangular spot, the apex of which extends mid-dorsally towards the synthorax, and inferolaterally yellow. S2 bears a mid-dorsal spindle-shaped spot, two lateral yellow vertical streaks, a rounded triangular one enclosing the auricle, and another C-shaped, caudally convex one towards the posterolateral border. Another small spot antero-inferior to the yellow spot enclosing the auricle. Auricle yellow, its medial cranial border and the entire caudal border bearing the spine bordered with black. S3–6 marked with basal rings that end just short of the lateral carinae, ring with a width less than one eighth the length of the segments with posterior border excavated mid-dorsally by the black carina, ofen giving an appearance of paired spots in dorsal view. Dorsum of S7 marked with two yellow rings occupying just less than its basal half, these rings separated by a very narrow black streak dorsolaterally (
+Fig. 2F
+). The yellow rings are interrupted laterally and terminate well short of the lateral carina of S7. A pair of small triangular spots on the posterior paradorsal aspect of S7 (
+Fig. 2G
+). S8–10 unmarked.
+
+
+Anal appendages (
+Figs 2F–G
+,
+4C–E
+). General colour of cerci white in life (yellow in preserved specimens) with black basally and epiprocts entirely black; a little less than the basal fifh of the cerci and with five to six, small, short, black teeth on its ventral side. Length of cerci a little longer than that of S
+10 in
+dorsal view. Cerci conical, divaricate and its lateral border slightly convex, medial border concave, and its tip pointed, directed posterolaterally. The whole surface bears short, bristlelike, brown setae. Lateral arms of the epiproct divaricate as the cerci, slightly shorter than the cerci, curved dorsolaterally, tips finely hooked. The whole surface bears blackish brown setae.
+
+
+Secondary genitalia (
+Figs 4A–B, G–H
+). Colour black, setae brown. Clef of anterior lamina (CAL) deep. Anterior hamule (AH) shorter than the posterior hamule in lateral view, long and narrow, flattened, with the tip rounded. Posterior hamule (
+PH
+) with body broader than AH, tapering and curved uniformly towards its tip and directed anteromedially. Genital lobe (GL) slightly broader, but shorter than the
+PH
+, truncated, and its tip slightly curved anteriorly. The structure of the VS is illustrated in
+Figures 4G, H
+. The median segment (S3) of the vesica spermalis in lateral view has a long digitiform extension directed ventroposteriorly, glans (S4) trumpet-like, with its tip expanded in the shape of a water lily leaf (
+Fig. 4H
+).
+
+
+Variation in males
+
+
+The metepisternum is black and marked usually with a thin yellow stripe, but this may be reduced to two serial small yellow spots on the posterodorsal aspect in well-marked specimens (one in four). The L-shaped extension of the antehumeral stripe may occasionally be discontinuous in some individuals, forming a separate spot, but is never absent. The numbers of black teeth under the cerci vary from four to eight and may even vary between sides in the same specimen. The usual pair of small triangular spots on the posterior paradorsal aspect of S7 (
+Fig. 2G
+) may be absent in heavily marked individuals. Venation is consistent in males with no variation in triangles observed, the FW is entire, and the HW triangle is always traversed.
+
+
+Description of female
+
+
+(
+Figs 3
+,
+4F, I
+,
+5A–D
+)
+
+The female morphology is very similar to that of the males, the major differences are discussed below.
+Measurements (in mm) (n=4). TL 52–55, AL 39–42, FWL 38, HWL 35–36, HFL 5–6.
+
+Head (
+Figs 3A–C, E
+). Colour and structure of eyes and head as in males. Occipital bar more concave than in males.
+
+
+Prothorax (
+Figs 3A–C
+). Colour and structure similar to those in males.
+
+
+Synthorax (
+Figs 3A–C, E
+). General colour black, with pale lemon-yellow markings. Colour and pattern as in the males. Mesothoracic collar stripe yellow, well developed, interrupted by the dorsal black carina. The extreme crest of the dorsal carina marked with yellow. Antehumeral stripes well developed, L–shaped, almost reaching the antealar sinus dorsally, but turning laterally at a right angle as a continuous streak for almost one third of its length. Metepisternum black and marked with a thin L–shaped yellow stripe that occupies its posterior part. Metathoracic spiracle dark brown, bordered with black. The mid- and hindleg coxae, trochanter, femur, and tibia are all black. Hind femur moderately long, reaching the junction of abdominal sternites S1 and S2.
+
+
+
+Figure 4.
+
+Davidioides martini
+Fraser, 1924
+
+, reproductive structures. A– Ventral view of male genital fossa; B – lateral view of male genital fossa; C – lateral close-up view of S9, S10 and anal appendages of the male; D – dorsal close-up view of S9, S10 and anal appendages of the male; E – ventral close-up view of S9, S10 and anal appendages of the male; F – ventral close-up view of S9, S10 and subgenital plate (vulvar scale) of the female; G – lateral view of the vesica spermalis of the male; H – ventral view of terminal segment of the vesica spermalis of the male; I – subgenital plate (vulvar scale) of the female.
+
+
+
+Wings (
+Figs 5A–D
+). Hyaline; Pt as in males. Nodal range in FW: Ax 14–17 & Px 10–13; HW: Ax 9–11 & Px 10–12. Venation as in males, but sometimes the superior triangle on the FW may be traversed even if only on one side (
+Fig. 5B
+), and HW triangle not traversed (
+Fig. 5D
+).
+
+
+Abdomen (
+Figs 3A, B, D
+,
+4F, I
+). General colour shiny black, marked with pale lemon-yellow as in the males. Abdomen slightly stouter than that of males. Auricle less conspicuous. Segmental markings on S1–6 as in males. Basal ring in S7 as in males, but the continuous yellow ring greatly reduced to a mid-dorsal streak. Distal parts of S7, S8 and S9 broader than in males. Hind femora extending to just short of junction of S1 and S2 only. S9 slightly shorter than S8. Abdomen only slightly longer than HW. Ninth abdominal sternite not differentiated into sclerotised plates. Subgenital plate (vulvar scale/vulvar lamina) is a pair of long triangular processes that almost reach the ventral half of the length of S8 (
+Figs 4F, I
+).
+
+
+Anal appendages (
+Figs 3D
+,
+4F
+). General colour of cerci white and supra-anal plate black; cerci as long as S10, directed posteriorly, conical, tip with a small black tooth, the whole surface bearing white setae.
+
+
+Variation in females
+
+
+In females, the L-shaped extension of the antehumeral stripe may occasionally be disjunctive in some individuals but is never absent. The distal extension of the basal yellow annulus on S7 is sometimes reduced to a small triangular spot, but is always continuous with the basal annulus. The normal state of venation is non-traversed triangles in FW and traversed ones on HW (
+Figs 5A, C
+), but occasionally the FW triangle may be traversed, too (
+1 in
+4 females
+, unilaterally) (
+Fig. 5B
+) and the HW triangle may not be traversed (
+1 in
+4 females
+, unilaterally) (
+Fig. 5D
+). Two of the
+three females
+caught had this abnormal venation in their triangles. In preservative, the cerci may take on a yellow colour, which is otherwise white in life in both sexes.
+
+
+
+
+Distribution
+
+
+The species is a mid-altitude one at between 400 and
+900 m
+a.s.l. (
+Fig. 1
+).
+Kerala
+: Nilgiri–Silent Valley region: Silent Valley NP (
+Babu et al., 2013
+,
+Nair et al., 2021
+;
+Subramanian, 2007
+;
+Subramanian et al., 2018
+), Nadukani in Nilambur (Kalesh Sadasivan & Sabari Janaki), Kakkadampoyil in Nilambur (Kalesh Sadasivan & Subash Pulikkal); Coorg: Kanichar (Vibhu Vijayakumaran), Kunnoth (
+Fraser, 1924
+), and Aaralam (
+Subramanian, 2009
+) in
+Kannur
+District. The visual records from the Lower Periyar area: Thattaekkad (
+Varghese et al., 2014
+), Edamalayar and Agasthyamalai in Agasthyamalais (
+Subramanian, 2009
+), and Nelliampathies-Anamalais, Cardamom Hills, and Pandalam Hills in
+Nair et al. (2021)
+need confirmation (
+Fig. 1
+).
+
+
+
+Figure 5.
+
+Davidioides martini
+Fraser, 1924
+
+, venation. A – Forewing of female; B – forewing of female in traversed state; C – hindwing of female in traversed state; D – hindwing of female in non-traversed state; E – forewing of male; F – hindwing of the male in traversed state.
+
+
+
+Ecological notes
+
+
+Males were spotted perching on rocks on the edges of hill streams in wet evergreen forests, basking in the morning sun. Some males were also seen inside shady jungle, sitting close to the ground on twigs and dead branches next to hill streams, with females perched on small twigs and rocks in the stream bed, busy ovipositing nearby. Egg-laying takes place in the clear water of small pools fed by seepages in these stream beds during the pre-monsoon season, in May and early June. Sympatric species observed were
+
+Protosticta gravelyi
+Laidlaw, 1915
+
+,
+
+P. hearseyi
+Fraser, 1922
+
+,
+
+Asiagomphus
+nilgiri- cus
+
+Laidlaw, 1922,
+
+Idionyx saffronata
+Fraser, 1924
+
+,
+
+Idionyx corona
+Fraser, 1921
+
+,
+
+Heliocypha bisignata
+
+(Hagen in Selys, 1853),
+
+Heliogomphus promelas
+(Selys, 1873)
+
+,
+
+Heliogomphus kalarensis
+Fraser, 1934
+
+,
+
+Chlorogomphus campioni
+(
+Fraser, 1924
+)
+
+, and
+
+Phylloneura westermanni
+
+(Hagen in Selys, 1860).
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/21/5A/5C/215A5CA1992156F5AC91EA04224D1800.xml b/data/21/5A/5C/215A5CA1992156F5AC91EA04224D1800.xml
index 748ad95d065..00664986e07 100644
--- a/data/21/5A/5C/215A5CA1992156F5AC91EA04224D1800.xml
+++ b/data/21/5A/5C/215A5CA1992156F5AC91EA04224D1800.xml
@@ -1,65 +1,67 @@
-
-
-
-Traccatichthys punctulatus sp. nov., a new species of stone loach (Pisces, Nemacheilidae) from Guangxi, southern China
+
+
+
+Traccatichthys punctulatus sp. nov., a new species of stone loach (Pisces, Nemacheilidae) from Guangxi, southern China
-
-
-Author
+
+
+Author
-Qin, Zhi-Xian
-https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7271-813X
-Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection, Guangxi Normal University, Ministry of Education, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China
+Qin, Zhi-Xian
+https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7271-813X
+Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection, Guangxi Normal University, Ministry of Education, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China
-
-
-Author
+
+
+Author
-Zhou, Jia-Jun
-0000-0003-1038-1540
-Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rare and Endangered Animal Ecology, College of Life Science, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China & Zhejiang Forest Resource Monitoring Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310020, China
+Zhou, Jia-Jun
+0000-0003-1038-1540
+Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rare and Endangered Animal Ecology, College of Life Science, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China & Zhejiang Forest Resource Monitoring Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310020, China
-
-
-Author
+
+
+Author
-Du, Li-Na
-0000-0002-2246-643X
-Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection, Guangxi Normal University, Ministry of Education, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China
+Du, Li-Na
+0000-0002-2246-643X
+Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection, Guangxi Normal University, Ministry of Education, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China
-
-
-Author
+
+
+Author
-Lin, Feng
-0000-0001-7240-9233
-Zhejiang Forestry Survey Planning and Design Company Limited, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310020, China & Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
+Lin, Feng
+0000-0001-7240-9233
+Zhejiang Forestry Survey Planning and Design Company Limited, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310020, China & Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
-text
-
-
-Zoosystematics and Evolution
+text
+
+
+Zoosystematics and Evolution
-
-2025
-
-2025-06-02
+
+2025
+
+2025-06-02
-
-101
+
+101
-
-3
+
+3
-
-1013
-1021
+
+1013
+1021
-journal article
-10.3897/zse.101.146077
-99656EF0-6D97-4D1A-9E76-A36C5B19E834
+journal article
+310149
+10.3897/zse.101.146077
+fe416336-4dce-47b7-8484-bade377a690e
+99656EF0-6D97-4D1A-9E76-A36C5B19E834
@@ -80,7 +82,7 @@
Type material.
-
+
Holotype
.
@@ -90,12 +92,12 @@
KIZ
2005013850
-, male,
+,
+male
+,
47.4 mm
standard length (SL);
-Dazhang River
-at
-Dazhang Township
+Dazhang River at Dazhang Township
(
23.8686 ° N
@@ -105,29 +107,26 @@ at
),
Jinxiu Yao Autonomous County
,
-Laibin City
+Laibin City
,
Guangxi
-, P.
-R
-.
-China
+,
+P. R. China
; collected by
-
-J.
-Yang, Y. F
-
-. Huang, and
+J. Yang
+,
+Y. F. Huang
+, and
D. P. Kong
on
October 23, 2005
-.
+.
-
+
Paratypes
.
@@ -137,9 +136,7 @@ on
Guangxi
:
Jinxiu Yao Autonomous County
-
•
-
KIZ
2005013849
@@ -150,11 +147,10 @@ on
five specimens
,
40.1–63.7 mm
-SL, same as
-holotype
+SL, same as holotype
•
-
+
KIZ
2005009271–75
@@ -163,10 +159,8 @@ SL, same as
five specimens
,
49.7–62.5 mm
-SL, from
-Gufan River
-at
-Toupai Town
+SL,
+from Gufan River at Toupai Town
(
24.3435 ° N
@@ -183,7 +177,7 @@ on
•
-
+
KIZ
2005013245–46
@@ -220,12 +214,12 @@ on
•
-
-DLN 20240034–36, preserved in 99 % ethanol for molecular study, collected by
-
-J. H.
-Luo in Tongmu Town
-
+
+DLN 20240034
+–36, preserved in 99 % ethanol for molecular study, collected by
+J. H. Luo
+in
+Tongmu Town
(
24.1708 ° N
@@ -534,9 +528,7 @@ formed a separate lineage clustered within a well-supported clade (posterior pro
, in phylogenetic analyses using
BI
and
-
-ML
-
+ML
based on the combined dataset of
COI
and Cyt
diff --git a/data/34/39/11/34391125C934FFACFF9CDB83F3EAF9A2.xml b/data/34/39/11/34391125C934FFACFF9CDB83F3EAF9A2.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..12433978240
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/34/39/11/34391125C934FFACFF9CDB83F3EAF9A2.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,463 @@
+
+
+
+Philogenia realpei sp. nov. (Zygoptera: Philogeniidae), a new damselfly species from Colombia
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Cano-Cobos, Yiselle
+Laboratorio de Biodiversidad y Genética Ambiental (BioGeA), Universidad Nacional de Avellaneda, Piñeyro 1870, Avellaneda, Buenos Aires, Argentina & Laboratorio de Zoología y Ecología Acuática (LAZOEA), Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
+yisellecanoc@gmail.com
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Montes-Fontalvo, Jenilee
+Universidad del Atlántico, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Puerto Colombia, Atlántico, Colombia & Museo del Instituto de Zoología Agrícola Francisco Fernández Yepes, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Maracay, Venezuela
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A.
+Alabama Museum of Natural History & UA Museums Department of Research and Collections, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA & Grupo de Entomología Universidad de Antioquia (GEUA), Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín 50010, Colombia
+
+text
+
+
+International Journal of Odonatology
+
+
+2023
+
+2023-07-26
+
+
+26
+
+
+74
+81
+
+
+
+
+https://doi.org/10.48156/1388.2023.1917034
+
+journal article
+10.48156/1388.2023.1917034
+2159-6719
+15578246
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Philogenia realpei
+
+sp. nov.
+Cano-Cobos & Bota-Sierra
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Etymology
+
+
+Named
+
+realpei
+
+(genitive noun) afer Dr. Emilio Realpe, a passionate and kind teacher, curator of the entomology collection ANDES-E, and pioneer of the studies of
+Odonata
+in
+Colombia
+, who contributed to the understanding of the diversity of its dragonflies and damselflies.
+
+
+Material examined
+
+
+Five males
+,
+two females
+
+
+
+Holotype
+
+
+
+
+Male,
+Colombia
+,
+Cauca Department
+, Santa Rosa Municipality,
+El Dorado Township
+,
+El Pato
+stream,
+
+
+
+
+1.4122670° N
+,
+76.491950° W
+,
+
+1,130 m
+a.s.l.
+
+,
+
+09-09- 2021
+
+,
+Y. Cano
+leg. (
+ANDES-E 27993
+).
+Allotype
+:
+Female
+, same as
+holotype
+(
+ANDES-E 27994
+).
+
+
+
+
+Paratypes
+
+
+
+Four males
+,
+one female
+:
+three males
+,
+
+Colombia
+,
+Putumayo Department
+,
+Mocoa Municipality
+,
+Sangoyaco Stream
+,
+1.151389° N
+,
+76.651111° W
+,
+
+650 m
+a.s.l.
+
+,
+
+17- 01-2010
+
+,
+L. Perez
+,
+J. Montes
+,
+J. Villamil
+leg. (SAIA_0342, 0345, 0346)
+
+;
+one female
+,
+same data (SAIA_0335)
+;
+one male
+,
+
+same data, but
+
+16-01-2010
+
+(SAIA_0331)
+
+.
+
+
+
+Male
+holotype
+
+
+
+Head. Labium, labrum, base of mandibles and basal half of genae yellow, antennal socket yellow. Clypeus, frons, and upper part of head dark brown with poorly defined lighter brown area between vertex and antennae (
+Fig. 2b
+). Postocular area brown, rear of head yellow. Frons slightly rounded. Postocular lobes reaching the level of hind margin of the compound eye.
+
+
+Thorax. Prothorax (
+Fig. 2a
+) brown with a dorsal band and propleuron dark brown; posterior prothoracic lobe rounded and convex. Pterothorax light brown, dark brown antehumeral and mesepimeral stripes, black metepisternal stripe. Coxae and legs yellowish, external carina, armature, apex of femur, and base of tibia brown. Spurs gradually increasing in size towards the apex of femora and towards the base of tibia except for the protibia in which the apical half bears tibial combs on the external sides. Tarsal claws with developed supplementary tooth.
+
+
+Wings. Hyaline (
+Fig. 2a
+). Pt dark brown surmounting four and a half cells in Fw, four cells in lef Hw and four and half cells in right Hw. Px
+25 in
+lef,
+24 in
+right Fw,
+22 in
+lef,
+21 in
+right Hw.
+
+
+
+Figure 2.
+Male holotype: a – habitus; b – head in dorsal view; c – ligula in ventral view; d – Cerci in dorsal view; e – paraprocts in ventral view; f – cercus and paraproct in lateral view.
+
+
+
+
+Figure 3.
+Female allotype: a – habitus; b – head and thorax in dorsal and lateral views. Detail of middle and hind lobes of prothorax in dorsal (c) and lateral (d) views. e – S8–10 lateral view.
+
+
+
+Abdomen. S1–2 brown with a pale lateral stripe; S3 brown with a pale lateral stripe until 3/4. S4–6 dark brown with a yellow basal ring; S7 black with a yellow basal ring; S8 black; S9–10 black with dorsal white pruinosity (
+Fig. 2a
+). Genital ligula bifurcated in two long flagella (
+Fig. 2c
+).
+
+
+Cerci in lateral view directed downwards at approximately 2/3 for slightly less than the width of the appendage (
+Fig. 2f
+); in dorsal view, curved medially and of uniform width but expanding at apex, covered with strong teeth gradually increasing in size from base to apical portion (
+Fig. 2d
+). Paraprocts as long as cerci (
+Fig. 2e, f
+), with a medial sharp preapical process directed laterodorsally and with pointed tips.
+
+Measurements (length in mm): Fw 33; Hw 34; abdomen 40; total 50.
+
+
+Allotype
+
+
+
+Similar to the
+holotype
+, except for the following:
+
+Head. Labrum and base of mandibles dark brown
+
+(
+Fig. 3a, b
+).
+
+
+Thorax. Anterior and posterior lobes of prothorax paler brown (
+Fig. 3b–d
+). Intersternite with a blunt point; setifer with tuf of hairs decreasing in size ventrally.
+
+
+Wings. Pt surmounting four and a half cells in lef and three and a half cells in right Fw, four and a half cells in lef and five and a half cells in right Hw (
+Fig. 3a
+). Px
+26 in
+right,
+27 in
+lef Fw,
+25 in
+both Hw.
+
+
+Abdomen. Paler without white pruinosity on S9–10 (
+Fig. 3a
+); 2/3 of S9 dorsum yellow. Genital valves black (
+Fig. 3e
+); with a pointed process above the base of styli. Cerci black and conical. Paraprocts black and rounded.
+
+Measurements (length in mm): Fw 33; Hw 34; abdomen 34; total 43.
+
+
+
+
+Variation among
+paratypes
+
+
+
+Males. Antehumeral stripe coppery red in all
+paratypes
+, some males with a paler yellow basal ring on S4–7. The amount of pruinosity in S9–10 varies among the specimens. The variation in coloration between the specimens is probably related to preservation methods and postmortem differences. Pt surmounting four to five cells in Fw and four to four and a half cells in Hw. Px in Fw 24–27, Px in Hw 22–25.
+
+Measurements (length in mm): Fw 32–33; Hw 33–35; abdomen 40–44; total 50–54.
+
+Female. Pt surmounting four and a half cells in Fw and four in lef and four and a half cells in right Hw. Px
+26 in
+lef,
+27 in
+right Fw,
+24 in
+lef,
+25 in
+right Hw.
+
+Measurements (length in mm): Fw 34; Hw 34; abdomen 35; total 45.
+
+
+
+Diagnosis
+
+
+This species belongs to the
+
+Philogenia helena
+
+group
+sensu
+Bick & Bick (1988)
+due to the meso-ventral process of cerci projecting ventrad in lateral view less than its width. Ten species have been included in this group (
+Fig. 1
+):
+
+Philogenia berenice
+Higgins, 1901
+
+,
+
+P. compressa
+Dunkle, 1990
+
+,
+
+P. gaiae
+Vilela & Cordero-Rivera, 2019
+
+,
+
+P. helena
+Hagen, 1869
+
+,
+
+P. iquita
+Dunkle, 1990
+
+,
+
+P. macuma
+Dunkle, 1986
+
+,
+
+P. minteri
+Dunkle, 1986
+
+,
+
+P. peacocki
+Brooks, 1989
+
+,
+
+P. raphaella
+Selys, 1886
+
+, and
+
+P. zeteki
+Westfall & Cumming, 1956
+
+(
+Bick & Bick, 1988
+;
+Brooks, 1989
+;
+Dunkle, 1990a
+,
+1990b
+;
+Vilela et al., 2019
+).
+
+Philogenia realpei
+
+sp. nov.
+can be easily differentiated from all these species by the unique morphology of its paraprocts (
+Fig. 2c, d
+) which are almost as long as the cerci, bear a sharp preapical middorsal process and directed laterodorsally, ending in a pointed tip, which is unique not only in the
+
+P. helena
+
+group, but also in the whole genus
+
+Philogenia
+.
+
+
+
+
+
+Distribution
+
+
+This species is known from two localities in
+Colombia
+(
+Fig. 1
+), one in the eastern part of the
+Cauca department
+, which is known as “Bota Caucana”, and another located in the department of
+Putumayo
+. Both localities are found in the western slope of the Eastern Cordillera of
+Colombia
+towards the Colombian massif. The Colombian massif divides the Andean mountain range into branches that give rise to multiple tributaries, which are the sources of the rivers that define the Colombian landscape ecologically and culturally (
+Guhl, 2016
+).
+
+
+
+
+Biology
+
+
+
+Philogenia realpei
+
+sp. nov.
+was found on a fast-flowing, well preserved little stream, with sand and gravel substrates surrounded by a mix of boulders and exposed bedrocks (
+Fig. 4
+). It coexisted with other damselflies of the genera
+
+Polythore
+Calvert, 1917
+
+,
+
+Palaemnema
+Selys, 1860
+
+, and
+
+Heteragrion
+Selys, 1862
+
+.
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/E2/50/67/E2506715230AFF81FF5304D3FB9C8F89.xml b/data/E2/50/67/E2506715230AFF81FF5304D3FB9C8F89.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..1a178633411
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/E2/50/67/E2506715230AFF81FF5304D3FB9C8F89.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,401 @@
+
+
+
+A New Termitophilous Genus of Paederinae Rove Beetles (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae) from the Neotropics and Its Phylogenetic Position
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Żyła, Dagmara
+Museum and Institute of Zoology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland & Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change, Zoological Museum, Hamburg, Germany
+zyladagmara@gmail.com
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Bogri, Amalia
+Natural History Museum of Denmark, Univ of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Hansen, Aslak Kappel
+Natural History Museum of Denmark, Univ of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
+
+
+
+Author
+
+ShaW, Josh Jenkins
+Natural History Museum of Denmark, Univ of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark & Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Kypke, Janina
+Natural History Museum of Denmark, Univ of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Solodovnikov, AleXey
+Natural History Museum of Denmark, Univ of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
+asolodovnikov@snm.ku.dk
+
+text
+
+
+Neotropical Entomology
+
+
+2022
+
+2022-02-17
+
+
+51
+
+
+2
+
+
+282
+291
+
+
+
+
+https://doi.org/10.1007/s13744-022-00946-x
+
+journal article
+10.1007/s13744-022-00946-x
+1678-8052
+PMC8967768
+35175510
+15557341
+
+
+
+
+
+Genus
+
+Ruptor
+
+gen. nov.
+
+
+
+
+
+Type
+species:
+
+Ruptor cordatus
+
+sp. nov.
+
+
+
+Diagnosis.
+
+
+Ruptor
+
+gen. nov.
+(
+Figs. 3
+and
+4a
+) can be recognised among all
+Paederinae
+by the following combination of characters: compact, dorso-ventrally flattened body with dense even cover of setiferous punctures with short pale setae; trapezoid-shaped head with broad frontal area, pronounced posterior angles and small notch on straight posterior margin of head above moderately narrow (ca. 1/3 of head width) neck; in maxillary palps penultimate (third) palpomere slightly longer and wider than second, apical (fourth) palpomere small and acicular; strongly transverse pronotum and notably shortened antennae and legs; protarsi wide, protarsomere 4 simple, not bilobed; protibial combs placed longitudinally (Supplementary
+Fig. 1a
+); ctenidium present only on posterior side of hind tibia (Supplementary
+Fig. 1b
+); aedeagus without parameres.
+
+
+
+Description.
+
+Medium size beetle (total body length ca.
+5 mm
+); body robust and compact, somewhat flattened; body surface with dense but fine irregular punctation. Appendages shortened and robust.
+
+
+Head trapezoidal, wider than long, widest in posterior part, with distinct posterior angles, tapering towards smooth anterior angles. Antennal insertions and labrum concealed under bulging frons, not visible from above (
+Fig. 3a, b
+). Antennae inserted near anterior margin of eye (
+Fig. 4a
+), short, slightly pectinate, reaching anterior margin of pronotum. All antennomeres slightly widened apically, without tomentose pubescence, with smaller pale setae all over surface and few longer and bigger setae around apex of antennomere; stem between antennomeres not visible (
+Fig. 4a–c
+). Strongly transverse labrum almost covering closed mandibles from above, its anterior margin straight, not notched or dentate (
+Fig. 4a
+), highly sclerotised, with multiple, evenly distributed setae. Mandibles short and stout, without ridges, with prostheca extending from base of mandible to first tooth. Left mandible with two teeth; right mandible with three teeth, first one distinctly smaller than next two (
+Fig. 4d
+). Maxillae (
+Fig. 4a
+): palpomere 1 short, approximately half of length of maxillary palpomere 2, bearing single seta; maxillary palpomere 2 short, expanded towards apex, with few strong and long setae; maxillary palpomere 3 expanded towards apex with denser setation; palpomere 4 (apical) glabrous and acicular, around 1/4 of palpomere 3 length, thin, 1/3 of width of palpomere 3. Labium (
+Fig. 4a
+): palpomere 1 widest apically, slightly thinner than palpomere 2; palpomere 2 elongate, widest at middle, slightly longer than palpomere 1, bearing three setae; palpomere 3 (apical) acicular, with few setae, slightly more than half of length of palpomere 2; mentum transverse, slightly concave along anterior margin; submentum with pair of setae; ligula bilobed. Gular sutures widely separated, gula wider in apical and basal portion (
+Fig. 4a
+). Eyes of moderate size, without setae between ommatidia, temples 1.5 × longer than eyes. Neck distinct; slightly more than 1/3 of head width.
+
+
+Prothorax (
+Fig. 4b
+) distinctly transverse, widest just anteriad of middle; superior marginal line of pronotum deflexed under its anterior angles, reaching prosternum, not meeting with inferior marginal line; pronotal hypomera broad forming weak postcoxal process; prosternal suture well developed; basisternum with one pair of large macrosetae; furcasternum long (exceeding tip of postcoxal process), narrowly pointed posteriad, with sharp longitudinal carina in its posterior part; thoracic spiracles without distinct perithremes. Elytra without epipleural ridge. Mesoscutellum glabrous with apical third punctate and setose; obtusely pointed apically, with one transversal scutellar ridge before middle of scutellum length. Hind wings fully developed. Mesosternum (mesoventrite) (
+Fig. 4c
+) without longitudinal carina; mesocoxal cavities contiguous, mesosternal (mesoventrital) process acutely pointed. Metathorax (
+Fig. 4c
+) well developed. All legs relatively short, with broad, enlarged femora; protibia with two large spines at apical margin and two longitudinal combs of setae. Protarsi (
+Fig. 3c
+) enlarged in both sexes, protarsomeres 1 to 4 transverse, with adhesive spatulate setae ventrally, protarsomere 3 slightly bilobed. Mesoand metatarsi (
+Fig. 4c
+) same in shape, without adhesive setae ventrally; their tarsomeres 1 and 2 equal in length, tarsomere 5 about as long as tarsomeres 2 to 4 combined. One pair of empodial setae on each tarsus, equal or slightly shorter than claws. Hind tibia with ctenidium on posterior side.
+
+
+
+Fig. 4
+Details of morphology of
+
+Ruptor cordatus
+
+gen. et sp. nov.
+a
+Head in ventral view;
+b
+prothorax in ventral view;
+c
+meso- and metathorax in ventral view;
+d
+right mandible in ventral view;
+e
+male sternite VIII;
+f
+male tergite VIII;
+g
+male sternite IX surrounded by visible parts of tergite IX;
+h
+male tergites IX and X;
+i
+female sternite IX (divided into basal and apical gonocoxites) and visible parts of tergite IX.
+a
+,
+b
+and
+c
+Scale= 5 mm;
+d
+,
+e
+,
+f
+,
+g
+and
+i
+scale=2 mm. Abbrevia - tions: agcx, apical gonocoxite; bgcx, basal gonocoxite; bstr, basisternum; fcstr, furcasternum; gs, gular suture; lgl, ligula; msstp, mesosternal process; mt, mentum; prst, prostheca; psts, prosternal suture; sbmt, submentum; sp, spiracle; sIX, sternite IX; sX, sternite X; tIX, tergite IX; tX, tergite X
+
+
+
+Abdomen widest at segment
+V
+; segments III to VII with one pair of paratergites on each side; posterior margin of tergites II to
+VI
+with fringe of setae; apical margin of tergite VII with palisade fringe. Sternite III with transverse suture acutely pointed medially. Male: sternite VIII with slight medial emargination (
+Fig. 4e
+), tergite VIII truncate (
+Fig. 4f
+), with usual setation; sternite IX symmetrical (
+
+Fig.
+4g
+
+); lateral tergal sclerites IX fused in one piece without any sutures apically embracing small tergite X (
+Fig. 4h
+); aedeagus symmetrical, without parameres (
+Fig. 3d, e
+). Female: sternite VIII apically without emargination; lateral tergal sclerites IX and tergite X as in male (
+Fig. 4h
+); sternite IX consisting of pair of weakly sclerotised basal and pair of stronger sclerotised apical gonocoxites (
+Fig. 4i
+).
+
+For distribution and bionomics see below species description.
+
+
+Comparison.
+
+
+Ruptor
+
+gen. nov.
+is rather distinct among all known genera of
+Paederinae
+, including specialised termitophilous and myrmecophilous forms (
+Fig. 5
+), by its habitus alone. Its compact dorso-ventrally flattened body with short appendages, lack of tuberculose sculpture or carinae on forebody, and head with sharp posterior angles (in dorsal view) combined with transverse pronotum easily tell it apart from other, often poorly known, inquiline (or presumably so)
+Lathrobiini
+incertae sedis
+genera, namely
+
+Bolbophites
+Fauvel, 1904
+
+,
+
+Ecitobium
+Wasmann, 1923
+
+,
+
+Ecitonides
+Wasmann, 1894
+
+(
+Fig. 5a
+),
+
+Ecitosaurus
+Fischer, 1943
+
+, (
+Fig. 5b
+)
+
+Ecitotropis
+Borgmeier, 1936
+
+,
+
+Labidophites
+Borgmeier, 1956
+
+,
+
+Mimophites
+Fauvel, 1904
+
+(
+Fig. 5c
+),
+
+Synecitonides
+Reichensperger, 1936
+
+(
+Fig. 5d
+) and
+
+Monista
+Sharp, 1876
+
+(
+Fig. 5e
+). The new genus superficially resembles some species of the Neotropical
+Lathrobiini
+genera
+
+Attaxenus
+Wasmann, 1925
+
+,
+
+Paederopsis
+Wasmann, 1912
+
+or especially
+
+Dacnochilus
+LeConte, 1861
+
+, which presumably belong to the recently discovered
+
+Pseudolathra
+
+-
+Cylindroxystina
+lineage (
+Żyła et al. 2021
+). Within
+
+Dacnochilus
+
+, a widespread Neotropical genus that occasionally occurs in nests of termites and ants,
+
+Ruptor
+
+especially resembles
+
+D. atrus
+Jiménez-Sánchez & Galián, 2013
+
+[correct masculine form of the species name should be
+ater
+],
+
+D. compactus
+(Casey, 1905)
+
+,
+
+D. horridulus
+(Casey, 1905)
+
+,
+
+D. nahuiollinae
+Jiménez-Sánchez & Galián, 2013
+
+,
+
+D. newtoni
+Jiménez-Sánchez & Galián, 2013
+
+, or
+
+D. zaragozae
+Jiménez-Sánchez & Galián, 2013
+
+. However, it readily differs from them by a somewhat rugose (not glabrous) disc of head and pronotum, by the presence of ctenidium only on the posterior side of hind tibia, as well as by the longitudinal placement of the protibial combs. Also,
+
+Ruptor
+
+may distantly resemble members of the subgenus
+
+Eurysunius
+Reitter, 1909
+
+of the genus
+
+Astenus
+
+(
+Astenina
+). It differs from all
+Astenina
+at least by its simple not bilobed protarsomere 4, by its prosternum not being expanded under the front coxae and not fused with the pronotal hypomera, and by its short and stout mandibles. The new genus differs from all myrmecoand termitophilous
+Pinophilini
+and
+Paederini
+by having the typical for
+Lathrobiini
+small and unmodified apical (fourth) maxillary palpomere; it differs from the myrmecophilous members of
+Scopaeina
+by its larger labrum and lack of trichobothrium on the head; it differs from myrmecophilous
+Stilicina
+by the wider neck and the prosternum not being expanded under the front coxae and not being fused with the pronotal hypomera.
+
+
+
+Etymology: The genus name is a Latin noun of masculine gender meaning burglar or housebreaker. It refers to the social parasitism biology of this taxon which was found in the termite’s ‘house’.
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/E2/50/67/E2506715230CFF83FCBA02C6FD9C88A2.xml b/data/E2/50/67/E2506715230CFF83FCBA02C6FD9C88A2.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..82e30eab1b8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/E2/50/67/E2506715230CFF83FCBA02C6FD9C88A2.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,622 @@
+
+
+
+A New Termitophilous Genus of Paederinae Rove Beetles (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae) from the Neotropics and Its Phylogenetic Position
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Żyła, Dagmara
+Museum and Institute of Zoology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland & Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change, Zoological Museum, Hamburg, Germany
+zyladagmara@gmail.com
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Bogri, Amalia
+Natural History Museum of Denmark, Univ of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Hansen, Aslak Kappel
+Natural History Museum of Denmark, Univ of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
+
+
+
+Author
+
+ShaW, Josh Jenkins
+Natural History Museum of Denmark, Univ of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark & Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Kypke, Janina
+Natural History Museum of Denmark, Univ of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
+
+
+
+Author
+
+Solodovnikov, AleXey
+Natural History Museum of Denmark, Univ of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
+asolodovnikov@snm.ku.dk
+
+text
+
+
+Neotropical Entomology
+
+
+2022
+
+2022-02-17
+
+
+51
+
+
+2
+
+
+282
+291
+
+
+
+
+https://doi.org/10.1007/s13744-022-00946-x
+
+journal article
+10.1007/s13744-022-00946-x
+1678-8052
+PMC8967768
+35175510
+15557341
+
+
+
+
+
+Ruptor cordatus
+
+sp. nov.
+
+
+
+
+
+Type material,
+Holotype
+: [card mounted, DNA extraction voucher]:
+♂
+, ‘
+PER17-19a
+,
+PERU
+:
+Amazonia
+,
+Loreto
+region,
+Maynas province
+,
+Allpahuayo-Mishana NP
+,
+
+20 km
+S
+
+of
+Iquitos
+,
+
+3.IX.2017
+
+/
+
+100–200 m
+
+,
+3°57.812′S
+73°25.142′W
+, rainforest, in termite nest, leg.
+A. Hansen
+,
+J. Kypke
+,
+A. Solodovnikov
+/HOLOTYPE
+
+Ruptor cordatus
+
+gen. et sp. n.
+Żyła
+et al. des. 2021 [red label]’ (
+MHN-UNMSM
+)
+
+.
+
+Paratypes
+: [card mounted]:
+1♀
+‘
+PER17-19a
+PERU
+:
+Amazonia
+,
+Loreto
+region,
+Maynas province
+,
+Allpahuayo-Mishana NP
+,
+
+20 km
+S
+
+of
+Iquitos
+,
+
+3.IX.2017
+
+/
+
+100–200 m
+
+,
+3°57.812′S
+73°25.142′W
+, rainforest, in termite nest, leg.
+A. Hansen
+,
+J. Kypke
+,
+A. Solodovnikov
+/ collected with the holotype/PARATYPE
+
+Ruptor cordatus
+
+gen. et sp. n.
+Żyła
+et al. des. 2021 [yellow label]’ (
+NHMD
+)
+
+;
+
+[disarticulated, in glycerin]:
+1♀
+,
+‘PER17-20a
+,
+PERU
+:
+Amazonia
+,
+Loreto
+region,
+Maynas Province
+,
+Allpahuayo-Mishana NP
+,
+
+20 km
+S
+
+of
+Iquitos
+,
+
+4.IX.2017
+
+/
+
+100–200 m
+
+,
+3°58.725′S
+73°25.497′W
+, rainforest, in termite nest, leg.
+A. Hansen
+,
+J. Kypke
+,
+A. Solodovnikov
+/
+PARATYPE
+
+Ruptor cordatus
+
+gen. et sp. n.
+Żyła
+et al. des. 2021 [yellow label]’ (
+MHN-UNMSM
+)
+
+;
+
+[in cryovial]:
+1♀
+, ‘
+PER17-21b
+,
+PERU
+:
+Amazonia
+,
+Loreto
+region,
+Requena
+province,
+
+3 km
+E
+
+of
+Jenaro Herrera
+,
+
+6.IX.2017
+
+,
+
+100–200 m
+
+/
+4°54.022′S
+73°39.104′W
+, secondary forest/plantation, in termite nest, leg.
+A. Hansen
+,
+J. Kypke
+,
+A. Solodovnikov
+/
+PARATYPE
+
+Ruptor cordatus
+
+gen. et sp. n.
+Żyła
+et al. des. 2021 [yellow label]’ (
+NHMD
+)
+
+.
+
+
+
+
+Fig. 5
+Some little-known Neotropical inquiline
+Paederinae
+.
+a
+
+Ecitonides tuberculosus
+Wasmann, 1894
+
+(credit Andrea Schomann);
+b
+
+Ecitosaurus
+sp.
+
+(credit Munetoshi Maruyama);
+c
+
+Mimophites bouvieri
+Fauvel, 1904
+
+(credit Andrea Schomann);
+d
+
+Synecitonides phasma
+Reichensperger, 1936
+
+(credit Andrea Schomann);
+e
+
+Monista darlingtoni
+Blackwelder, 1943
+
+(copyright of Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University (©President and Fellows of Harvard College))
+
+
+
+
+Measurements of
+holotype
+(in millimetres). Length = 4.9; front body length (HL+
+PL
++ EL) = 2.27; HW (head width at widest point) = 1.0; HL (head length medially) = 0.6;
+PW
+(pronotum width at widest point) = 1.1;
+PL
+(pronotum length medially) = 0.78; EW (elytra width at widest point) = 1.18; EL (elytra length from shoulder to hind margin) = 0.89.
+
+
+
+Description
+
+
+Body colouration varies from pale brown to dark brown; head and elytra always darker; pro- and mesotibia darker than metatibia. Anterior and posterior margins of head, pronotum and elytra evenly covered with short golden setae; rest of head and abdomen mainly with grey setae; disc of head appearing dull due to microsculpture between fine punctation. Antennae: antennomere 1 as long as two following antennomeres; 2 and 3 elongate; 4 to 8 clearly transverse, 9 and 10 slightly transverse, 11 elongate, 1.5 × longer than antennomere 10. Antennomeres 3 to 7 appearing bicoloured, apical third of each antennomere distinctly darkened. Pronotum slightly longer than head. Elytra slightly longer than, and about as wide as pronotum; punctation with punctures larger and more densely positioned than those on pronotum. Aedeagus with narrowly pointed median lobe and characteristically elongate, bifurcate sclerite of internal sac.
+
+
+
+
+Distribution and bionomics
+
+
+
+
+Ruptor cordatus
+
+sp. nov.
+was found inside the chambers of arboreal termite nests (
+Fig. 1
+) in the lowland forest of the North-Eastern
+Peru
+(
+Fig. 2
+). The termite host was confidently identified as a widespread
+
+Labiotermes labralis
+
+(
+Figs. 1
+and
+2
+), the only species in the genus that builds an arboreal nest (
+Constantino et al. 2006
+). Based on our sampling, we were able to find
+
+Ruptor cordatus
+
+sp. nov.
+in roughly every fourth termite nest that was searched. All nests where
+
+Ruptor cordatus
+
+sp. nov.
+was found were with winged termites, where also a number of other inquiline staphylinids (mostly
+Aleocharinae
+) were always encountered.
+
+
+
+
+
+Etymology
+
+
+The scientific name of the new species is a Latin adjective that refers to the cordate shape of the head of the new species due to its characteristic notch in the middle of the hind margin of the head.
+
+
+
+Phylogenetic analyses
+
+
+PartitionFinder found the following four partitions: (1) 28S + COI2 + ArgK2 + Wg2 + TP2 + CADC2 + CADA2 + COI1 + ArgK1 + CADC1 + CADA1 + Wg1 + TP1; (2) Wg3 + TP3 + ArgK3; (3) CADA3 + CADC3; (4) COI3. For partition 1, SYM + I + G was found to be the best-supported model, for partitions 2 and 3—GTR + I + G, and for partition 4—HKY + G. We moved 28S to a separate partition as this is the only non-protein-coding gene in our dataset and analysed it under the SYM + I + G model. The third codon positions of COI were excluded as it has been suggested that they suffer saturation for deep divergences, which can potentially bias phylogenetic analyses (e.g.
+Swofford et al. 1996
+;
+Lin and Danforth 2004
+). Since COI3 was excluded, no partition was analysed under the HKY + G model.
+
+The BI analysis reached convergence, with a standard deviation of split frequencies well below 0.01 after 10 million generations. Mixing of the Markov chain Monte Carlo chains was good, effective sample size (ESS) values were greater than 200 for all parameters indicating good mixing of the chains and the observed PSRF was 1.00. Convergence was also visualised in Tracer v1.7.
+
+The tree topology presented in
+Fig. 6
+is the 50% majority rule consensus tree. The subfamily
+Paederinae
+was recovered as monophyletic with strong support (posterior probability PP=1) as well as
+Paederini
+,
+Pinophilini
+and
+Lathrobiini
+, its three currently recognised tribes (PP=
+1 in
+all cases). Within
+Lathrobiini
+, the first clade (
+
+Dysanabatium
+Bernhauer, 1915
+
++ (
+
+Notobium
+Solsky, 1864
+
++
+
+Phanophilus
+Sharp, 1886
+
+)), all three genera currently classified in
+Lathrobiina
+, was well-supported (PP=1). The next clade (
+
+Pseudolathra
+Casey, 1905
+
++(
+
+Neolindus
+Scheerpeltz, 1933
+
++
+
+Cylindroxystus
+Bierig, 1943
+
+)) was the
+
+Pseudolathra
+
+-
+Cylindroxystina
+lineage recently discovered in
+Żyła et al. (2021)
+, which was well-supported here too (PP=0.99). The next resolved clade (
+
+Tetartopeus
+Czwalina, 1888
+
++(
+
+Lathrobium
+Gravenhorst, 1802
+
++ (
+
+Domene
+Fauvel, 1873
+
++ (
+
+Lobrathium
+Mulsant & Rey, 1878
+
++
+
+Platydomene
+Ganglbauer, 1895
+
+)))) was the so-called ‘true’
+Lathrobiina
+(PP=1), recovered as sister to the ‘
+Medonina
+and allied taxa’ clade (sensu
+Żyła et al. 2019
+) with weak support (PP = 0.84). Within the ‘
+Medonina
+and allied taxa’ clade, the clade (
+
+Enallagium
+Bernhauer, 1915
+
+[
+Lathrobiina
+] + (
+
+Scopaeus
+Erichson, 1839
+
+[
+Scopaeina
+] + unidentified specimen of a
+Medonina
+from the Far East
+Russia
+)) branched off first with strong support (PP= 1). The subtribe
+Medonina
+was recovered as non-monophyletic, where its bigger fraction formed a group largely paraphyletic with respect to other subtribes in this clade, i.e.
+Scopaeina
+,
+Stilicina
+,
+Astenina
+,
+Stilicopsina
+and
+Echiasterina
+.
+
+Rugilus
+Leach, 1819
+
++
+
+Stilicoderus
+Sharp, 1889
+
+(both
+Stilicina
+) and
+
+Eustilicus
+Sharp, 1886
+
+(
+Stilicina
+)+
+
+Thinocharis
+Kraatz, 1859
+
+(
+Medonina
+) were altogether recovered as a strongly supported clade (PP=1).
+
+Dibelonetes
+Sahlberg, 1847
+
+and
+
+Stilicopsis
+Sachse, 1852
+
+(both
+Stilicopsina
+), as well as
+
+Echiaster
+Erichson, 1839
+
+and
+
+Ronetus
+Blackwelder, 1943
+
+(both
+Echiasterina
+) were resolved as monophyletic clades (PP=
+1 in
+both cases), with
+Stilicopsina
+sister to
+
+Astenus
+Dejean, 1833
+
+(
+Astenina
+) (PP=0.85). Our new genus was recovered as deeply nested within the ‘
+Medonina
+and allied taxa’ clade. There, it was resolved as sister to a heterogeneous clade formed by the majority of sampled members of
+Medonina
+(all, except for
+Medonina
+from Far East
+Russia
+and
+
+Pseudomedon
+Mulsant & Rey, 1878
+
+) and all sampled
+Scopaeina
+,
+Stilicina
+,
+Astenina
+,
+Stilicopsina
+and
+Echiasterina
+.
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file