plazi/treatments-xml
2
0
Fork 0
Code Issues Releases Activity

added F5

Browse source
This commit is contained in:
maintenance 2024-06-21 12:57:59 +02:00
parent a367d1c1c6
commit 5887976897
1819 changed files with 359607 additions and 0 deletions
Download patch file Download diff file Expand all files Collapse all files

323
data/F5/2B/87/F52B87F65E106166FF5EDE7FFE531B99.xml Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,323 @@
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4725636" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b9f36fb1-1c9d-4af8-96ca-d57973b94862" ID-GBIF-Taxon="189107714" ID-ISSN="1997-3500" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4725636" approvalRequired="1" checkinTime="1619623649741" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Seifert, Bernhard" docDate="2021" docId="F52B87F65E106166FF5EDE7FFE531B99" docLanguage="en" docName="myrmecNews.31_133-179_printable.pdf" docOrigin="Myrmecological News 31" docSource="http://zoobank.org/0e55c0d7-531a-48d7-a078-148b96bd461d" docTitle="Formica frontalis SANTSCHI 1919" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageId="39" lastPageNumber="172" masterDocId="0912FF8E5E366141FFC9DA41FF91193E" masterDocTitle="A taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic members of the Formica rufa group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) - the famous mound-building red wood ants" masterLastPageNumber="179" masterPageNumber="133" pageId="38" pageNumber="171" updateTime="1643400285664" updateUser="diego">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>A taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic members of the Formica rufa group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) - the famous mound-building red wood ants</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Seifert, Bernhard</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Myrmecological News</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2021-04-28</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>31</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>133</mods:start>
<mods:end>179</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://zoobank.org/0e55c0d7-531a-48d7-a078-148b96bd461d</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.25849/myrmecol.news_031:133</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">b9f36fb1-1c9d-4af8-96ca-d57973b94862</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1997-3500</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">5582216</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">0E55C0D7-531A-48D7-A078-148B96BD461D</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4725636" ID-GBIF-Taxon="189107714" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4725636" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F52B87F65E106166FF5EDE7FFE531B99" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F52B87F65E106166FF5EDE7FFE531B99" lastPageId="39" lastPageNumber="172" pageId="38" pageNumber="171">
<subSubSection box="[151,663,1086,1114]" pageId="38" pageNumber="171" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="38.[151,663,1086,1114]" box="[151,663,1086,1114]" pageId="38" pageNumber="171">
<heading bold="true" box="[151,663,1086,1114]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="38" pageNumber="171" reason="0">
<treatmentCitation box="[151,663,1086,1114]" pageId="38" pageNumber="171">
<taxonomicName authority="SANTSCHI, 1919" authorityName="SANTSCHI" authorityYear="1919" box="[151,663,1086,1114]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frontalis">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,663,1086,1114]" pageId="38" pageNumber="171">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,424,1086,1114]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="171">Formica frontalis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation box="[431,663,1087,1114]" pageId="38" pageNumber="171">SANTSCHI, 1919</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="38" pageNumber="171" type="reference_group">
<paragraph blockId="38.[151,773,1137,2024]" pageId="38" pageNumber="171">
<treatmentCitation box="[151,708,1137,1158]" pageId="38" pageNumber="171">
<taxonomicName authority="SANTSCHI, 1919" authorityName="SANTSCHI" authorityYear="1919" box="[151,708,1137,1158]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="truncorum" variety="frontalis">
<emphasis box="[151,376,1137,1158]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="171">Formica truncorum</emphasis>
var.
<emphasis box="[431,527,1137,1158]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="171">frontalis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation box="[535,708,1137,1158]" pageId="38" pageNumber="171">SANTSCHI, 1919</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
[
<typeStatus box="[721,772,1137,1158]" pageId="38" pageNumber="171">type</typeStatus>
investigation]
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="38" pageNumber="171" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph blockId="38.[151,773,1137,2024]" pageId="38" pageNumber="171">
Investigated was the
<typeStatus box="[437,543,1201,1223]" pageId="38" pageNumber="171">lectotype</typeStatus>
worker (by present designation), labelled in Santschi’s handwriting “
<taxonomicName authorityName="FABRICIUS" authorityYear="1804" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="truncorum">Formica truncorum</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName authorityName="SANTSCHI" authorityYear="1919" box="[280,427,1265,1287]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="truncorum" variety="frontalis">F. v. frontalis</taxonomicName>
type Sants”, “
<collectingCountry box="[585,678,1265,1286]" name="Spain" pageId="38" pageNumber="171">Espagne</collectingCountry>
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F52B87F65E106166FF5EDE7FFE531B99:785D603B5E106167FD67DEB0FEB11C19" country="Spain" county="De la Fuente" municipality="Pozuelo de Calatrava" name="Pozuelo de Calatrava" pageId="38" pageNumber="171">Pozuelo de Calatrava</location>
(de la Fuente)”; depository NHM Basel. The original description reports as type locality nothing but “
<collectingMunicipality box="[161,405,1361,1383]" pageId="38" pageNumber="171">Pozuelo de Calatrava</collectingMunicipality>
(
<collectingCounty box="[422,575,1361,1383]" pageId="38" pageNumber="171">De la Fuente</collectingCounty>
)”. Accordingly, a worker specimen depicted in AntWeb (
<bibRefCitation accessDate="2021-01-15" author="ANTWEB" box="[600,764,1393,1415]" firstAuthor="ANTWEB" pageId="38" pageNumber="171" publicationUrl="https://www.antweb.org&gt;" refId="ref44610" refString="ANTWEB 2021: AntWeb Version 8.54. 4. - &lt;https: // www. antweb. org&gt;, retrieved on 15 January 2021." title="AntWeb Version 8.54. 4." type="url" year="2021">
<specimenCode box="[600,764,1393,1415]" collectionCode="ANTWEB" pageId="38" pageNumber="171">ANTWEB 2021</specimenCode>
</bibRefCitation>
) under CASENT0912253, labelled “SIERRA DE QUADAR-
<collectionCode box="[151,228,1457,1478]" pageId="38" pageNumber="171">RAMA</collectionCode>
Dusmet” and “type” has no type status.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="38.[151,773,1137,2024]" pageId="38" pageNumber="171">
All material examined. Numeric phenotypical data were recorded in 11 samples with
<specimenCount box="[570,689,1521,1543]" pageId="38" pageNumber="171" type="worker">26 workers</specimenCount>
and six gynes from
<collectingCountry box="[280,346,1553,1575]" name="Spain" pageId="38" pageNumber="171">Spain</collectingCountry>
.
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F52B87F65E106166FF5EDE7FFE531B99:785D603B5E106167FEADDC50FE181F18" box="[356,393,1553,1574]" country="Spain" name="For" pageId="38" pageNumber="171">For</location>
details, see SI1, SI2, and SI3.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="38" pageNumber="171" type="distribution">
<paragraph blockId="38.[151,773,1137,2024]" pageId="38" pageNumber="171">
Geographical range. According to
<bibRefCitation author="TINAUT &amp; MARTINEZ-IBANEZ" firstAuthor="TINAUT" journalOrPublisher="Graellsia" pageId="38" pageNumber="171" pagination="31 - 41" part="54" refId="ref47472" refString="TINAUT, A. &amp; MARTINEZ-IBANEZ, D. 1998: Taxonomy and distribution of Formica dusmeti EMERY, 1909 and of F. frontalis SANTSCHI, 1919 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). - Graellsia 54: 31 - 41." title="Taxonomy and distribution of Formica dusmeti EMERY, 1909 and of F. frontalis SANTSCHI, 1919 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)" type="journal article" year="1998">TINAUT &amp; MARTINEZ-IBANEZ (1998)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation author="ESPADALER &amp; GOMEZ" box="[473,770,1617,1639]" firstAuthor="ESPADALER" journalOrPublisher="Annales Zoologici" pageId="38" pageNumber="171" pagination="39 - 41" part="50" refId="ref45434" refString="ESPADALER, X. &amp; GOMEZ, C. 2000: Formica dusmeti EMERY, 1909, an Iberian endemic ant species: description of the male and distribution (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). - Annales Zoologici 50: 39 - 41." title="Formica dusmeti EMERY, 1909, an Iberian endemic ant species: description of the male and distribution (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)" type="journal article" year="2000">ESPADALER &amp; GOMEZ (2000)</bibRefCitation>
rather homogenously distributed over entire
<collectingCountry box="[648,714,1649,1671]" name="Georgia" pageId="38" pageNumber="171">Iberia</collectingCountry>
with the altitude of 15 sites being 1160 ±
<quantity box="[539,605,1680,1702]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="38" pageNumber="171" unit="m" value="450.0">450 m</quantity>
, which is lower than in
<taxonomicName authorityName="EMERY" authorityYear="1909" box="[236,426,1713,1734]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dusmeti">
<emphasis box="[236,426,1713,1734]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="171">Formica dusmeti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="38" pageNumber="171" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph blockId="38.[151,773,1137,2024]" lastBlockId="38.[816,1437,177,1287]" pageId="38" pageNumber="171">
Diagnosis of worker (
<tableCitation box="[515,600,1744,1767]" captionStart="Tab" captionStartId="15.[151,191,177,199]" captionTargetBox="[157,1428,288,1993]" captionTargetId="graphics-48@15.[150,1436,281,2018]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Tab.5: Workers of the Formica truncorum species complex; head size and RAV-corrected data for the assumption of each individual having a head size of 1750 µm; data given as arithmetic mean ± standard deviation (lower extreme, upper extreme) number of individuals." pageId="38" pageNumber="171">Tab. 5</tableCitation>
, key). Medium-sized, mean and maximum
<collectionCode box="[494,524,1777,1798]" country="France" name="Musee des Dinosaures d'Esperaza (Aude)" pageId="38" pageNumber="171">CS</collectionCode>
over all morphological and social phenotypes 1792 and
<quantity box="[516,614,1809,1831]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.045" pageId="38" pageNumber="171" unit="mm" value="2045.0">2045 µm</quantity>
. Head moderately elongated,
<collectionCode box="[331,362,1841,1862]" country="Romania" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15579" name="Babes-Bolyai University" pageId="38" pageNumber="171" type="Herbarium">CL</collectionCode>
/ CW
<subScript attach="left" box="[429,467,1850,1864]" fontSize="6" pageId="38" pageNumber="171">1750</subScript>
1.102. Clypeal morphology as in
<taxonomicName authorityName="FABRICIUS" authorityYear="1804" box="[213,438,1873,1894]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="truncorum">
<emphasis box="[213,438,1873,1894]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="171">Formica truncorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Scape long and slender,
<collectionCode box="[723,751,1873,1894]" country="Sierra Leone" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14608" name="University of Sierra Leone, Njala University College" pageId="38" pageNumber="171" type="Herbarium">SL</collectionCode>
/
<collectionCode box="[151,180,1905,1926]" country="France" name="Musee des Dinosaures d'Esperaza (Aude)" pageId="38" pageNumber="171">CS</collectionCode>
<subScript attach="left" box="[181,219,1914,1928]" fontSize="6" pageId="38" pageNumber="171">1750</subScript>
0.993,
<collectionCode box="[302,330,1905,1926]" country="Sierra Leone" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14608" name="University of Sierra Leone, Njala University College" pageId="38" pageNumber="171" type="Herbarium">SL</collectionCode>
/ Smax
<subScript attach="left" box="[419,457,1914,1928]" fontSize="6" pageId="38" pageNumber="171">1750</subScript>
10.60. Petiole scale narrow, PeW /
<collectionCode box="[220,249,1937,1958]" country="France" name="Musee des Dinosaures d'Esperaza (Aude)" pageId="38" pageNumber="171">CS</collectionCode>
<subScript attach="left" box="[249,287,1946,1960]" fontSize="6" pageId="38" pageNumber="171">1750</subScript>
0.450. Eyes without or with short microsetae, EyeHL
<subScript attach="left" box="[226,264,1978,1992]" fontSize="6" pageId="38" pageNumber="171">1750</subScript>
<quantity box="[271,341,1969,1991]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="38" pageNumber="171" unit="mm" value="16.0">16 µm</quantity>
. Dorsal plane of scape without or with only single setae, nSc
<subScript attach="left" box="[382,420,2010,2024]" fontSize="6" pageId="38" pageNumber="171">1750</subScript>
0.7. Setae number on each place of the body smaller than in
<taxonomicName authorityName="FABRICIUS" authorityYear="1804" box="[1112,1260,177,198]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="truncorum">
<emphasis box="[1112,1260,177,198]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="171">F. truncorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but setae length equal or even larger, nCH
<subScript attach="left" box="[1099,1137,218,232]" fontSize="6" pageId="38" pageNumber="171">1750</subScript>
14.5, nGu
<subScript attach="left" box="[1250,1288,218,232]" fontSize="6" pageId="38" pageNumber="171">1750</subScript>
19.5, nPn
<subScript attach="left" box="[1398,1436,218,232]" fontSize="6" pageId="38" pageNumber="171">1750</subScript>
59.5, nMes
<subScript attach="left" box="[931,969,250,264]" fontSize="6" pageId="38" pageNumber="171">1750</subScript>
26.1, nPr
<subScript attach="left" box="[1068,1106,250,264]" fontSize="6" pageId="38" pageNumber="171">1750</subScript>
29.2, nMet
<subScript attach="left" box="[1224,1262,250,264]" fontSize="6" pageId="38" pageNumber="171">1750</subScript>
10.2, OccHL
<subScript attach="left" box="[1399,1437,250,264]" fontSize="6" pageId="38" pageNumber="171">1750</subScript>
<quantity box="[816,897,273,294]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.14" pageId="38" pageNumber="171" unit="mm" value="114.0">114 µm</quantity>
, GuHL
<subScript attach="left" box="[973,1011,282,296]" fontSize="6" pageId="38" pageNumber="171">1750</subScript>
<quantity box="[1017,1101,273,294]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.04" pageId="38" pageNumber="171" unit="mm" value="204.0">204 µm</quantity>
, mPnHL
<subScript attach="left" box="[1197,1235,282,296]" fontSize="6" pageId="38" pageNumber="171">1750</subScript>
<quantity box="[1241,1310,273,294]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.7" pageId="38" pageNumber="171" unit="mm" value="97.0">97µm</quantity>
, MetHL
<subScript attach="left" box="[1398,1436,282,296]" fontSize="6" pageId="38" pageNumber="171">1750</subScript>
<quantity box="[816,897,305,327]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.61" pageId="38" pageNumber="171" unit="mm" value="161.0">161 µm</quantity>
. Dorsal surface of head usually without the deep and broad microfoveolae characteristic for
<taxonomicName authorityName="FABRICIUS" authorityYear="1804" box="[1282,1430,337,358]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="truncorum">
<emphasis box="[1282,1430,337,358]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="171">F. truncorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Pigmentation as in the latter.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="38.[816,1437,177,1287]" pageId="38" pageNumber="171">
Diagnosis of gyne (
<tableCitation box="[1145,1231,401,423]" captionStart="Tab" captionStartId="18.[151,191,177,199]" captionTargetBox="[159,1322,261,1996]" captionTargetId="graphics-27@18.[151,1437,249,2018]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Tab.8: Gynes of the Formica truncorum species complex; data given as arithmetic mean ± standard deviation (lower extreme, upper extreme) number of individuals." pageId="38" pageNumber="171">Tab. 8</tableCitation>
). Only specimens from a single supercolony were available. These were much larger than
<taxonomicName authorityName="FABRICIUS" authorityYear="1804" box="[944,1167,465,486]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="truncorum">
<emphasis box="[944,1167,465,486]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="171">Formica truncorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
gynes of the polygynous to supercolonial social form,
<collectionCode box="[1142,1172,497,518]" country="France" name="Musee des Dinosaures d'Esperaza (Aude)" pageId="38" pageNumber="171">CS</collectionCode>
<quantity box="[1180,1276,497,519]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.106" pageId="38" pageNumber="171" unit="mm" value="2106.0">2106 µm</quantity>
. Head capsule in dorsal view less trapezoidal than in
<taxonomicName authorityName="FABRICIUS" authorityYear="1804" box="[1272,1429,529,550]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="truncorum">
<emphasis box="[1272,1429,529,550]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="171">F. truncorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, clypeal shape as in that species. Scape rather long and slender,
<collectionCode box="[914,943,593,614]" country="Sierra Leone" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14608" name="University of Sierra Leone, Njala University College" pageId="38" pageNumber="171" type="Herbarium">SL</collectionCode>
/
<collectionCode box="[972,1003,593,614]" country="France" name="Musee des Dinosaures d'Esperaza (Aude)" pageId="38" pageNumber="171">CS</collectionCode>
0.872,
<collectionCode box="[1092,1121,593,614]" country="Sierra Leone" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14608" name="University of Sierra Leone, Njala University College" pageId="38" pageNumber="171" type="Herbarium">SL</collectionCode>
/ Smax 9.30. Petiole wider than in
<taxonomicName authorityName="FABRICIUS" authorityYear="1804" box="[909,1066,625,646]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="truncorum">
<emphasis box="[909,1066,625,646]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="171">F. truncorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, PeW /
<collectionCode box="[1161,1192,625,646]" country="France" name="Musee des Dinosaures d'Esperaza (Aude)" pageId="38" pageNumber="171">CS</collectionCode>
0.686. Setae on eyes short, EyeHL
<quantity box="[974,1045,657,678]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1" pageId="38" pageNumber="171" unit="mm" value="31.0">31 µm</quantity>
. Setae on dorsum of scape usually absent, nSc 0.2. Setae on remaining parts of body present, less numerous than in
<taxonomicName authorityName="FABRICIUS" authorityYear="1804" box="[1124,1275,721,742]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="truncorum">
<emphasis box="[1124,1275,721,742]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="171">F. truncorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but of similar length, nCH 23.4, OccHL
<quantity box="[1084,1164,753,774]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.02" pageId="38" pageNumber="171" unit="mm" value="202.0">202µm</quantity>
, nGu 34.8, GuHL
<quantity box="[1351,1432,753,774]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.87" pageId="38" pageNumber="171" unit="mm" value="287.0">287µm</quantity>
, PnHL
<quantity box="[887,970,784,806]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.55" pageId="38" pageNumber="171" unit="mm" value="255.0">255 µm</quantity>
, nMet 26.3, MetHL
<quantity box="[1187,1269,784,806]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.52" pageId="38" pageNumber="171" unit="mm" value="252.0">252µm</quantity>
, nPe 10.8. Dorsum of first gaster tergite moderately shiny, with dense transverse microripples and dilute pubescence (sqPDG
<quantity box="[816,919,880,902]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.225" pageId="38" pageNumber="171" unit="mm" value="12.25">12.25µm</quantity>
), microfoveolae often absent. Pigmentation as in
<taxonomicName authorityName="FABRICIUS" authorityYear="1804" box="[816,965,913,934]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="truncorum">
<emphasis box="[816,965,913,934]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="171">F. truncorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="39" lastPageNumber="172" pageId="38" pageNumber="171" type="discussion">
<paragraph blockId="38.[816,1437,177,1287]" lastBlockId="39.[151,771,177,679]" lastPageId="39" lastPageNumber="172" pageId="38" pageNumber="171">
Taxonomic comments and clustering results. The geographic ranges of
<taxonomicName authorityName="SANTSCHI" authorityYear="1919" box="[1191,1388,977,998]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frontalis">
<emphasis box="[1191,1388,977,998]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="171">Formica frontalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName authorityName="FABRICIUS" authorityYear="1804" box="[816,1040,1009,1030]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="truncorum">
<emphasis box="[816,1040,1009,1030]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="171">Formica truncorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are disjunct, and the morphological distinctness of the two species is strong enough to consider them as heterospecific. The eleven Iberian nest samples of
<taxonomicName authorityName="SANTSCHI" authorityYear="1919" box="[846,970,1105,1126]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frontalis">
<emphasis box="[846,970,1105,1126]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="171">F. frontalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be separated from 37 Panpalaearctic nest samples of
<taxonomicName authorityName="FABRICIUS" authorityYear="1804" box="[996,1147,1137,1158]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="truncorum">
<emphasis box="[996,1147,1137,1158]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="171">F. truncorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
using the characters
<collectionCode box="[1388,1416,1137,1158]" country="Sierra Leone" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14608" name="University of Sierra Leone, Njala University College" pageId="38" pageNumber="171" type="Herbarium">SL</collectionCode>
/
<collectionCode box="[816,845,1169,1190]" country="France" name="Musee des Dinosaures d'Esperaza (Aude)" pageId="38" pageNumber="171">CS</collectionCode>
<subScript attach="right" box="[846,884,1178,1192]" fontSize="6" pageId="38" pageNumber="171">1750</subScript>
, PeW /
<collectionCode box="[974,1003,1169,1190]" country="France" name="Musee des Dinosaures d'Esperaza (Aude)" pageId="38" pageNumber="171">CS</collectionCode>
<subScript attach="left" box="[1003,1041,1178,1192]" fontSize="6" pageId="38" pageNumber="171">1750</subScript>
, EyeHL
<subScript attach="left" box="[1130,1168,1178,1192]" fontSize="6" pageId="38" pageNumber="171">1750</subScript>
, nCH
<subScript attach="left" box="[1232,1270,1178,1192]" fontSize="6" pageId="38" pageNumber="171">1750</subScript>
, nMet
<subScript attach="left" box="[1343,1381,1178,1192]" fontSize="6" pageId="38" pageNumber="171">1750</subScript>
, and MetHL
<subScript attach="left" box="[895,933,1210,1224]" fontSize="6" pageId="38" pageNumber="171">1750</subScript>
(
<figureCitation box="[950,1028,1201,1223]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="38.[816,851,1905,1927]" captionTargetBox="[820,1435,1350,1875]" captionTargetId="graphics-1008@38.[583,1461,1341,1909]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="Fig.34: Nest-sample means of a linear discriminant analysis and principal component analysis of workers of Formica frontalis (black rhombs) and Formica truncorum (white dots).Six phenotypic characters were considered." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5582287" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5582287/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="171">Fig. 34</figureCitation>
). The classification error by an LDA was 4.2% in
<specimenCount box="[955,1078,1233,1255]" pageId="38" pageNumber="171" type="worker">118 worker</specimenCount>
specimens. It is worth mentioning that gynes from highly polygynous or supercolonial
<taxonomicName authorityName="FABRICIUS" authorityYear="1804" box="[151,300,177,198]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="172" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="truncorum">
<emphasis box="[151,300,177,198]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="172">F. truncorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
populations have a much smaller size than the investigated gynes from the
<taxonomicName authorityName="SANTSCHI" authorityYear="1919" box="[508,631,209,230]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="172" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frontalis">
<emphasis box="[508,631,209,230]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="172">F. frontalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
supercolony at Puerto de Navacerrado (SaNo. 149 and 150), which provides additional support for heterospecificity.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5582287" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5582287" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5582287/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="171" startId="38.[816,851,1905,1927]" targetBox="[820,1435,1350,1875]" targetPageId="38">
<paragraph blockId="38.[816,1437,1905,2023]" pageId="38" pageNumber="171">
Fig. 34: Nest-sample means of a linear discriminant analysis and principal component analysis of workers of
<taxonomicName authorityName="SANTSCHI" authorityYear="1919" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frontalis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="171">Formica frontalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(black rhombs) and
<taxonomicName authorityName="FABRICIUS" authorityYear="1804" box="[1065,1271,1969,1990]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="truncorum">
<emphasis box="[1065,1271,1969,1990]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="171">Formica truncorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(white dots). Six phenotypic characters were considered.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection pageId="39" pageNumber="172" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph blockId="39.[151,771,177,679]" pageId="39" pageNumber="172">
Biology. Compared with
<taxonomicName authority=", TINAUT &amp; MARTINEZ-IBANEZ (1998)" authorityName="TINAUT &amp; MARTINEZ-IBANEZ" authorityYear="1998" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="172" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dusmeti">
<emphasis box="[489,678,305,326]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="172">Formica dusmeti</emphasis>
,
<bibRefCitation author="TINAUT &amp; MARTINEZ-IBANEZ" firstAuthor="TINAUT" journalOrPublisher="Graellsia" pageId="39" pageNumber="172" pagination="31 - 41" part="54" refId="ref47472" refString="TINAUT, A. &amp; MARTINEZ-IBANEZ, D. 1998: Taxonomy and distribution of Formica dusmeti EMERY, 1909 and of F. frontalis SANTSCHI, 1919 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). - Graellsia 54: 31 - 41." title="Taxonomy and distribution of Formica dusmeti EMERY, 1909 and of F. frontalis SANTSCHI, 1919 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)" type="journal article" year="1998">TINAUT &amp; MARTINEZ-IBANEZ (1998)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
reported a more frequent occurrence in
<taxonomicName box="[312,406,369,390]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="39" pageNumber="172" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[312,406,369,390]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="172">Quercus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
than in conifer forests, which is probably not due to a preference of broad-leafed woodland but rather a consequence of the lower altitudinal range. The species is also found in open treeless habitats with low shrubs. Nest construction is similar to
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="172">
<taxonomicName authorityName="FABRICIUS" authorityYear="1804" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="172" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="truncorum">Formica truncorum</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
not showing the large regular mounds seen in the
<taxonomicName authorityName="LINNAEUS" authorityYear="1761" box="[190,336,561,582]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="172" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufa">
<emphasis box="[190,336,561,582]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="172">Formica rufa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species complex. The above-ground part is usually a rather flat accumulation of plant material, or the nests are completely under stones around which some plant material is deposited.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

126
data/F5/2B/87/F52B87F65E116166FF5ED8FFFEFD1CF9.xml Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5587870" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b9f36fb1-1c9d-4af8-96ca-d57973b94862" ID-GBIF-Taxon="192711009" ID-ISSN="1997-3500" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5587870" approvalRequired="1" checkinTime="1619623649741" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Seifert, Bernhard" docDate="2021" docId="F52B87F65E116166FF5ED8FFFEFD1CF9" docLanguage="en" docName="myrmecNews.31_133-179_printable.pdf" docOrigin="Myrmecological News 31" docSource="http://zoobank.org/0e55c0d7-531a-48d7-a078-148b96bd461d" docTitle="Formica sinensis WHEELER 1913" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="172" masterDocId="0912FF8E5E366141FFC9DA41FF91193E" masterDocTitle="A taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic members of the Formica rufa group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) - the famous mound-building red wood ants" masterLastPageNumber="179" masterPageNumber="133" pageId="39" pageNumber="172" updateTime="1643410080396" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>A taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic members of the Formica rufa group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) - the famous mound-building red wood ants</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Seifert, Bernhard</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Myrmecological News</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2021-04-28</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>31</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>133</mods:start>
<mods:end>179</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://zoobank.org/0e55c0d7-531a-48d7-a078-148b96bd461d</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.25849/myrmecol.news_031:133</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">b9f36fb1-1c9d-4af8-96ca-d57973b94862</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1997-3500</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">5582216</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">0E55C0D7-531A-48D7-A078-148B96BD461D</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5587870" ID-GBIF-Taxon="192711009" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5587870" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F52B87F65E116166FF5ED8FFFEFD1CF9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F52B87F65E116166FF5ED8FFFEFD1CF9" lastPageNumber="172" pageId="39" pageNumber="172">
<subSubSection box="[151,656,702,730]" pageId="39" pageNumber="172" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="39.[151,656,702,730]" box="[151,656,702,730]" pageId="39" pageNumber="172">
<heading bold="true" box="[151,656,702,730]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="39" pageNumber="172" reason="0">
<treatmentCitation box="[151,656,702,730]" pageId="39" pageNumber="172">
<taxonomicName authority="WHEELER, 1913" authorityName="WHEELER" authorityYear="1913" box="[151,656,702,730]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="172" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinensis">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,656,702,730]" pageId="39" pageNumber="172">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,415,702,730]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="172">Formica sinensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="WHEELER" box="[423,656,704,730]" firstAuthor="WHEELER" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology" pageId="39" pageNumber="172" pagination="379 - 565" part="53" refId="ref47626" refString="WHEELER, W. M. 1913: A revision of the ants of the genus Formica (LINNE) MAYR. - Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 53: 379 - 565." title="A revision of the ants of the genus Formica (LINNE) MAYR" type="journal article" year="1913">WHEELER, 1913</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="39" pageNumber="172" type="reference_group">
<paragraph blockId="39.[151,772,753,2023]" pageId="39" pageNumber="172">
<treatmentCitation box="[151,707,753,774]" pageId="39" pageNumber="172">
<taxonomicName authority="WHEELER, 1913" authorityName="WHEELER" authorityYear="1913" box="[151,707,753,774]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="172" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="truncicola" variety="sinensis">
<emphasis box="[151,372,753,774]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="172">Formica truncicola</emphasis>
var.
<emphasis box="[430,520,753,774]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="172">sinensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="WHEELER" box="[529,707,753,774]" firstAuthor="WHEELER" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology" pageId="39" pageNumber="172" pagination="379 - 565" part="53" refId="ref47626" refString="WHEELER, W. M. 1913: A revision of the ants of the genus Formica (LINNE) MAYR. - Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 53: 379 - 565." title="A revision of the ants of the genus Formica (LINNE) MAYR" type="journal article" year="1913">WHEELER, 1913</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
[
<typeStatus box="[720,772,753,774]" pageId="39" pageNumber="172">type</typeStatus>
investigation]
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="39" pageNumber="172" type="discussion">
<paragraph blockId="39.[151,772,753,2023]" pageId="39" pageNumber="172">
This taxon was described from the vicinity of Chongging (W
<collectingCountry box="[242,310,849,871]" name="China" pageId="39" pageNumber="172">China</collectingCountry>
,
<geoCoordinate box="[318,414,849,871]" degrees="29.53" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="39" pageNumber="172" precision="555" value="29.53">29.53° N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate box="[423,532,849,871]" degrees="106.52" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="39" pageNumber="172" precision="555" value="106.52">106.52° E</geoCoordinate>
). Investigated were
<specimenCount pageId="39" pageNumber="172" type="worker" typeStatus="syntype">32 syntype workers</specimenCount>
on 10 pins which were probably from the same sample as concluded from the consistent morphology. A
<typeStatus box="[228,330,945,967]" pageId="39" pageNumber="172">lectotype</typeStatus>
plus
<specimenCount box="[393,691,945,967]" pageId="39" pageNumber="172" type="worker" typeStatus="paralectotype">two paralectotype workers</specimenCount>
on the same pin are labelled “
<typeStatus box="[396,505,977,998]" pageId="39" pageNumber="172">Lectotype</typeStatus>
(top specimen)
<taxonomicName authority="Wheeler 1913" authorityName="WHEELER" authorityYear="1913" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="172" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="truncicola" variety="sinensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="172">Formica truncicola</emphasis>
var.
<emphasis box="[330,423,1009,1030]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="172">sinensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Wheeler" box="[432,589,1009,1031]" firstAuthor="Wheeler" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology" pageId="39" pageNumber="172" pagination="379 - 565" part="53" refId="ref47626" refString="WHEELER, W. M. 1913: A revision of the ants of the genus Formica (LINNE) MAYR. - Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 53: 379 - 565." title="A revision of the ants of the genus Formica (LINNE) MAYR" type="journal article" year="1913">Wheeler 1913</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
desig. B.
<bibRefCitation author="Seifert" firstAuthor="Seifert" journalOrPublisher="Abhandlungen und Berichte des Naturkundemuseums Gorlitz" pageId="39" pageNumber="172" pagination="251 - 276" part="77" refId="ref46708" refString="SEIFERT, B. 2006: Social cleptogamy in the ant subgenus Chthonolasius - survival as a minority. - Abhandlungen und Berichte des Naturkundemuseums Gorlitz 77: 251 - 276." title="Social cleptogamy in the ant subgenus Chthonolasius - survival as a minority" type="journal article" year="2006">Seifert 2006</bibRefCitation>
”, “Chun King,
<collectingCountry box="[376,445,1041,1063]" name="China" pageId="39" pageNumber="172">China</collectingCountry>
, 1909”, “Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. Dept. Invert. Zool. No. 22594” and “
<taxonomicName authority="Whlr." authorityName="WHEELER" authorityYear="1913" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="172" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="truncicola" variety="sinensis">Formica truncicola var. sinensis Whlr.</taxonomicName>
”; depository
<collectionCode box="[525,607,1105,1126]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="39" pageNumber="172">AMNH</collectionCode>
New York.
<specimenCount pageId="39" pageNumber="172" type="worker" typeStatus="paralectotype">26 paralectotype workers</specimenCount>
on eight pins in
<collectionCode box="[579,659,1137,1158]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="39" pageNumber="172">AMNH</collectionCode>
New York and
<specimenCount box="[197,501,1169,1191]" pageId="39" pageNumber="172" type="worker" typeStatus="paralectotype">three paralectotype workers</specimenCount>
in SMN Görlitz are all labelled “Chun King,
<collectingCountry box="[359,427,1201,1223]" name="China" pageId="39" pageNumber="172">China</collectingCountry>
, 1909” and “Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. Dept. Invert. Zool. No. 22594”. In the key of the original description (p. 391) and on the
<typeStatus box="[494,581,1265,1286]" pageId="39" pageNumber="172">syntype</typeStatus>
labels,
<bibRefCitation author="WHEELER" firstAuthor="WHEELER" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology" pageId="39" pageNumber="172" pagination="379 - 565" part="53" refId="ref47626" refString="WHEELER, W. M. 1913: A revision of the ants of the genus Formica (LINNE) MAYR. - Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 53: 379 - 565." title="A revision of the ants of the genus Formica (LINNE) MAYR" type="journal article" year="1913">WHEELER (1913)</bibRefCitation>
used
<taxonomicName authorityName="WHEELER" authorityYear="1913" box="[283,398,1297,1318]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="172" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinensis">
<emphasis box="[283,398,1297,1318]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="172">F. sinensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as trinomen but later in the heading of the main text (p. 437) as quadrinomen. Herewith, by majority indication, I suppose that
<bibRefCitation author="WHEELER" box="[585,772,1361,1383]" firstAuthor="WHEELER" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology" pageId="39" pageNumber="172" pagination="379 - 565" part="53" refId="ref47626" refString="WHEELER, W. M. 1913: A revision of the ants of the genus Formica (LINNE) MAYR. - Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 53: 379 - 565." title="A revision of the ants of the genus Formica (LINNE) MAYR" type="journal article" year="1913">WHEELER (1913)</bibRefCitation>
did not intend to introduce this taxon in infrasubspecific rank. Otherwise,
<bibRefCitation author="WU" box="[343,459,1425,1447]" firstAuthor="WU" journalOrPublisher="Forest Research" pageId="39" pageNumber="172" pagination="1 - 8" part="3" refId="ref47662" refString="WU, J. 1990: Taxonomic studies on the genus Formica L. of China (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). - Forest Research 3: 1 - 8. (in Chinese)" title="Taxonomic studies on the genus Formica L. of China (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)" type="journal article" year="1990">WU (1990)</bibRefCitation>
would be the first who made the name available.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

108
data/F5/2B/87/F52B87F65E116166FF74DF8EFF781ED9.xml Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5587870" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b9f36fb1-1c9d-4af8-96ca-d57973b94862" ID-GBIF-Taxon="192711008" ID-ISSN="1997-3500" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5587870" approvalRequired="1" checkinTime="1619623649741" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Seifert, Bernhard" docDate="2021" docId="F52B87F65E116166FF74DF8EFF781ED9" docLanguage="en" docName="myrmecNews.31_133-179_printable.pdf" docOrigin="Myrmecological News 31" docSource="http://zoobank.org/0e55c0d7-531a-48d7-a078-148b96bd461d" docTitle="Formica wongi Wu 1990" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="172" masterDocId="0912FF8E5E366141FFC9DA41FF91193E" masterDocTitle="A taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic members of the Formica rufa group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) - the famous mound-building red wood ants" masterLastPageNumber="179" masterPageNumber="133" pageId="39" pageNumber="172" updateTime="1643410080396" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>A taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic members of the Formica rufa group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) - the famous mound-building red wood ants</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Seifert, Bernhard</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Myrmecological News</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2021-04-28</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>31</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>133</mods:start>
<mods:end>179</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://zoobank.org/0e55c0d7-531a-48d7-a078-148b96bd461d</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.25849/myrmecol.news_031:133</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">b9f36fb1-1c9d-4af8-96ca-d57973b94862</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1997-3500</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">5582216</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">0E55C0D7-531A-48D7-A078-148B96BD461D</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5587870" ID-GBIF-Taxon="192711008" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5587870" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F52B87F65E116166FF74DF8EFF781ED9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F52B87F65E116166FF74DF8EFF781ED9" lastPageNumber="172" pageId="39" pageNumber="172">
<subSubSection box="[189,513,1487,1510]" pageId="39" pageNumber="172" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="39.[151,772,753,2023]" box="[189,513,1487,1510]" pageId="39" pageNumber="172">
<treatmentCitation box="[189,513,1487,1510]" pageId="39" pageNumber="172">
<taxonomicName authority="WU, 1990" authorityName="Wu" authorityYear="1990" box="[189,513,1487,1510]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="172" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wongi">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[189,513,1487,1510]" pageId="39" pageNumber="172">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[189,387,1487,1510]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="172">Formica wongi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="WU" box="[393,513,1488,1510]" firstAuthor="WU" journalOrPublisher="Forest Research" pageId="39" pageNumber="172" pagination="1 - 8" part="3" refId="ref47662" refString="WU, J. 1990: Taxonomic studies on the genus Formica L. of China (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). - Forest Research 3: 1 - 8. (in Chinese)" title="Taxonomic studies on the genus Formica L. of China (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)" type="journal article" year="1990">WU, 1990</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection box="[151,649,1520,1542]" pageId="39" pageNumber="172" type="reference_group">
<paragraph blockId="39.[151,772,753,2023]" box="[151,649,1520,1542]" pageId="39" pageNumber="172">
<treatmentCitation box="[151,433,1521,1542]" pageId="39" pageNumber="172">
<taxonomicName authority="WU, 1990" authorityName="Wu" authorityYear="1990" box="[151,433,1521,1542]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="172" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wongi">
<emphasis box="[151,320,1521,1542]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="172">Formica wongi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="WU" box="[326,433,1521,1542]" firstAuthor="WU" journalOrPublisher="Forest Research" pageId="39" pageNumber="172" pagination="1 - 8" part="3" refId="ref47662" refString="WU, J. 1990: Taxonomic studies on the genus Formica L. of China (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). - Forest Research 3: 1 - 8. (in Chinese)" title="Taxonomic studies on the genus Formica L. of China (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)" type="journal article" year="1990">WU, 1990</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
[
<typeStatus box="[444,495,1521,1542]" pageId="39" pageNumber="172">type</typeStatus>
investigation]
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="39" pageNumber="172" type="discussion">
<paragraph blockId="39.[151,772,753,2023]" pageId="39" pageNumber="172">
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F52B87F65E116166FF74DF8EFF781ED9:785D603B5E116166FF74DC50FF7C1F19" box="[189,237,1553,1575]" country="China" county="Investigated" latitude="43.7" longLatPrecision="685" longitude="126.34" municipality="Yongji" name="This" pageId="39" pageNumber="172" stateProvince="Jilin">This</location>
taxon was described from near
<collectingMunicipality box="[592,664,1553,1575]" pageId="39" pageNumber="172">Yongji</collectingMunicipality>
, province
<collectingRegion box="[151,200,1585,1607]" country="China" name="Jilin" pageId="39" pageNumber="172">Jilin</collectingRegion>
(NE
<collectingCountry box="[254,321,1585,1607]" name="China" pageId="39" pageNumber="172">China</collectingCountry>
,
<geoCoordinate box="[330,426,1585,1606]" degrees="43.70" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="39" pageNumber="172" precision="555" value="43.7">43.70° N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate box="[434,540,1585,1607]" degrees="126.34" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="39" pageNumber="172" precision="555" value="126.34">126.34° E</geoCoordinate>
) in material collected
<date box="[151,323,1617,1639]" pageId="39" pageNumber="172" value="1983-10-06">
<collectingDate box="[151,323,1617,1639]" pageId="39" pageNumber="172" value="1983-10-06">6 October 1983</collectingDate>
</date>
.
<collectingCounty box="[333,468,1617,1639]" pageId="39" pageNumber="172">Investigated</collectingCounty>
were
<specimenCount box="[534,771,1617,1639]" pageId="39" pageNumber="172" type="worker" typeStatus="paratype">five paratype workers</specimenCount>
from the
<typeStatus box="[255,351,1649,1671]" pageId="39" pageNumber="172">holotype</typeStatus>
sample from RIFCAF
<collectingRegion box="[604,681,1649,1671]" country="China" name="Beijing" pageId="39" pageNumber="172">Beijing</collectingRegion>
(now in SMN Görlitz) labelled in handwritten Chinese. The label was confirmed by different native Chinese speakers to name the type locality and it contained the sequence “
<date box="[163,263,1776,1798]" pageId="39" pageNumber="172" value="1983-10-06">
<collectingDate box="[163,263,1776,1798]" pageId="39" pageNumber="172" value="1983-10-06">1983.X.6</collectingDate>
</date>
” and “
<taxonomicName authority="Wu" authorityName="Wu" authorityYear="1990" box="[346,569,1777,1799]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="172" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wongi">Formica wongi Wu</taxonomicName>
”. The type series consists of unusually small workers of apparently a colony in foundation and its higher SL /
<collectionCode box="[585,615,1841,1862]" country="France" name="Musee des Dinosaures d'Esperaza (Aude)" pageId="39" pageNumber="172">CS</collectionCode>
of 1.018, and reduction of reddish pigment is explained by the normal allometric trends we observe in all
<taxonomicName authorityName="LINNAEUS" authorityYear="1761" box="[616,771,1905,1926]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="172" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufa">
<emphasis box="[616,771,1905,1926]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="172">Formica rufa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group ants. For investigation results of the type series, see below under taxonomic comments and clustering results.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

448
data/F5/2B/87/F52B87F65E116169FC9FDAF1FAA41DB8.xml Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,448 @@
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5587870" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b9f36fb1-1c9d-4af8-96ca-d57973b94862" ID-GBIF-Taxon="192711007" ID-ISSN="1997-3500" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5587870" approvalRequired="1" checkinTime="1619623649741" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Seifert, Bernhard" docDate="2021" docId="F52B87F65E116169FC9FDAF1FAA41DB8" docLanguage="en" docName="myrmecNews.31_133-179_printable.pdf" docOrigin="Myrmecological News 31" docSource="http://zoobank.org/0e55c0d7-531a-48d7-a078-148b96bd461d" docTitle="Formica delinghaensi CHANG &amp; HE 2002" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageId="40" lastPageNumber="173" masterDocId="0912FF8E5E366141FFC9DA41FF91193E" masterDocTitle="A taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic members of the Formica rufa group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) - the famous mound-building red wood ants" masterLastPageNumber="179" masterPageNumber="133" pageId="39" pageNumber="172" updateTime="1643410080396" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>A taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic members of the Formica rufa group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) - the famous mound-building red wood ants</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Seifert, Bernhard</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Myrmecological News</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2021-04-28</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>31</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>133</mods:start>
<mods:end>179</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://zoobank.org/0e55c0d7-531a-48d7-a078-148b96bd461d</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.25849/myrmecol.news_031:133</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">b9f36fb1-1c9d-4af8-96ca-d57973b94862</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1997-3500</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">5582216</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">0E55C0D7-531A-48D7-A078-148B96BD461D</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5587870" ID-GBIF-Taxon="192711007" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5587870" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F52B87F65E116169FC9FDAF1FAA41DB8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F52B87F65E116169FC9FDAF1FAA41DB8" lastPageId="40" lastPageNumber="173" pageId="39" pageNumber="172">
<subSubSection box="[854,1393,176,199]" pageId="39" pageNumber="172" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="39.[816,1439,176,2023]" box="[854,1393,176,199]" pageId="39" pageNumber="172">
<treatmentCitation box="[854,1393,176,199]" pageId="39" pageNumber="172">
<taxonomicName authority="CHANG &amp; HE, 2002" authorityName="CHANG &amp; HE" authorityYear="2002" box="[854,1393,176,199]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="172" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="delinghaensi">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[854,1393,176,199]" pageId="39" pageNumber="172">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[854,1152,176,199]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="172">Formica delinghaensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="CHANG &amp; HE" box="[1158,1393,176,198]" firstAuthor="CHANG" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Research" pageId="39" pageNumber="172" pagination="49 - 60" part="23" refId="ref44982" refString="CHANG, Y. D. &amp; HE, D. H. 2002: Taxonomic study of genus Formica L. from Northwest China with descriptions of nine new species and four new records (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Formicinae). - Zoological Research 23: 49 - 60. (in Chinese)" title="Taxonomic study of genus Formica L. from Northwest China with descriptions of nine new species and four new records (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Formicinae)" type="journal article" year="2002">CHANG &amp; HE, 2002</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="39" pageNumber="172" type="reference_group">
<paragraph blockId="39.[816,1439,176,2023]" pageId="39" pageNumber="172">
<treatmentCitation box="[816,1273,209,230]" pageId="39" pageNumber="172">
<taxonomicName authority="CHANG &amp; HE, 2002" authorityName="CHANG &amp; HE" authorityYear="2002" box="[816,1273,209,230]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="172" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="delinghaensis">
<emphasis box="[816,1066,209,230]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="172">Formica delinghaensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="CHANG &amp; HE" box="[1071,1273,209,230]" firstAuthor="CHANG" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Research" pageId="39" pageNumber="172" pagination="49 - 60" part="23" refId="ref44982" refString="CHANG, Y. D. &amp; HE, D. H. 2002: Taxonomic study of genus Formica L. from Northwest China with descriptions of nine new species and four new records (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Formicinae). - Zoological Research 23: 49 - 60. (in Chinese)" title="Taxonomic study of genus Formica L. from Northwest China with descriptions of nine new species and four new records (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Formicinae)" type="journal article" year="2002">CHANG &amp; HE, 2002</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
[zoogeography and description]
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="39" pageNumber="172" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph blockId="39.[816,1439,176,2023]" pageId="39" pageNumber="172">
This taxon was described from Delingha,
<collectingRegion country="China" name="Qinghai" pageId="39" pageNumber="172">Qinghai Province</collectingRegion>
/
<collectingCountry box="[939,1004,305,327]" name="China" pageId="39" pageNumber="172">China</collectingCountry>
(
<geoCoordinate box="[1018,1116,305,326]" degrees="37.32" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="39" pageNumber="172" precision="555" value="37.32">37.32° N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate box="[1127,1223,305,326]" degrees="97.22" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="39" pageNumber="172" precision="555" value="97.22">
97.22°
<bibRefCitation box="[1204,1289,304,326]" pageId="39" pageNumber="172">
E,
<quantity box="[1234,1313,304,326]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.75" pageId="39" pageNumber="172" unit="m" value="2750.0">2750 m</quantity>
</bibRefCitation>
</geoCoordinate>
).
<bibRefCitation author="CHANG &amp; HE" firstAuthor="CHANG" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Research" pageId="39" pageNumber="172" pagination="49 - 60" part="23" refId="ref44982" refString="CHANG, Y. D. &amp; HE, D. H. 2002: Taxonomic study of genus Formica L. from Northwest China with descriptions of nine new species and four new records (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Formicinae). - Zoological Research 23: 49 - 60. (in Chinese)" title="Taxonomic study of genus Formica L. from Northwest China with descriptions of nine new species and four new records (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Formicinae)" type="journal article" year="2002">CHANG &amp; HE (2002)</bibRefCitation>
separated
<taxonomicName authorityName="CHANG &amp; HE" authorityYear="2002" box="[1037,1211,337,358]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="172" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="delinghaensis">
<emphasis box="[1037,1211,337,358]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="172">F. delinghaensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<taxonomicName authorityName="Wu" authorityYear="1990" box="[1272,1436,337,358]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="172" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wongi">
<emphasis box="[1272,1436,337,358]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="172">Formica wongi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by a brighter colour and a shorter scape (SL / CL 0.89 - 1.00). This scape length ratio is just the typical situation in
<taxonomicName authorityName="WHEELER" authorityYear="1913" box="[847,1042,433,454]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="172" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinensis">
<emphasis box="[847,1042,433,454]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="172">Formica sinensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(SL / CL in
<specimenCount box="[1187,1341,433,455]" pageId="39" pageNumber="172" type="generic">70 specimens</specimenCount>
0.944 ± 0.027). Furthermore, only a single
<taxonomicName authorityName="LINNAEUS" authorityYear="1761" box="[1212,1364,465,486]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="172" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufa">
<emphasis box="[1212,1364,465,486]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="172">Formica rufa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group species was discovered in E
<collectingRegion box="[1137,1198,497,519]" country="China" name="Xizang" pageId="39" pageNumber="172">Tibet</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion box="[1211,1303,497,519]" country="China" name="Sichuan" pageId="39" pageNumber="172">Sichuan</collectingRegion>
, and
<collectingRegion box="[1365,1436,497,518]" country="China" name="Gansu" pageId="39" pageNumber="172">Gansu</collectingRegion>
during seven collecting trips performed by A. Gebauer, D. Wrase, M. Schülke, I. Kabak, B. Seifert,
<collectionCode box="[1313,1334,561,582]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="39" pageNumber="172">R</collectionCode>
. Schultz,
<collectionCode box="[816,834,593,614]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="39" pageNumber="172" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
. Assing, and A. Pütz in the years 1990 - 2012, and this species was
<taxonomicName authorityName="WHEELER" authorityYear="1913" box="[949,1063,625,646]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="172" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinensis">
<emphasis box="[949,1063,625,646]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="172">F. sinensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="39.[816,1439,176,2023]" pageId="39" pageNumber="172">
All material examined. Numeric phenotypical data were recorded in 29 samples with
<specimenCount box="[1263,1386,688,710]" pageId="39" pageNumber="172" type="worker">70 workers</specimenCount>
and seven gynes from
<collectingCountry box="[1009,1078,720,742]" name="China" pageId="39" pageNumber="172">China</collectingCountry>
.
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F52B87F65E116169FC9FDAF1FAA41DB8:785D603B5E116166FBF4D890FBF31BD8" box="[1085,1122,721,742]" country="China" name="For" pageId="39" pageNumber="172">For</location>
details, see SI1, SI2, and SI3.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="39" pageNumber="172" type="distribution">
<paragraph blockId="39.[816,1439,176,2023]" pageId="39" pageNumber="172">
Geographical range.
<taxonomicName authorityName="WHEELER" authorityYear="1913" box="[1160,1346,753,774]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="172" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinensis">
<emphasis box="[1160,1346,753,774]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="172">Formica sinensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is found in the
<collectingCounty box="[882,968,784,806]" pageId="39" pageNumber="172">Chinese</collectingCounty>
provinces
<collectingRegion box="[1082,1350,784,806]" isEnumeration="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="172">Qinghai, Gansu, Sichuan</collectingRegion>
, Chong- ging, and, as a seemingly disjunct population, in the province
<collectingRegion box="[865,918,849,871]" country="China" name="Jilin" pageId="39" pageNumber="172">Jilin</collectingRegion>
.
<collectingMunicipality box="[925,999,849,871]" pageId="39" pageNumber="172">Eleven</collectingMunicipality>
samples from
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F52B87F65E116169FC9FDAF1FAA41DB8:785D603B5E116166FB49D910FB761A59" box="[1152,1255,849,871]" county="Chinese" latitude="38.0" municipality="Eleven" name="Quinghai" pageId="39" pageNumber="172" stateProvince="Qinghai, Gansu, Sichuan">Quinghai</location>
and
<collectingRegion box="[1303,1376,849,870]" country="China" name="Gansu" pageId="39" pageNumber="172">Gansu</collectingRegion>
, from latitudes of 33 -
<geoCoordinate box="[991,1056,881,902]" degrees="38" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="39" pageNumber="172" precision="55555" value="38.0">38° N</geoCoordinate>
, were found at elevations of 2480 ± 276 [2080, 2862] m and 11 samples from
<collectingRegion box="[1281,1372,913,935]" country="China" name="Sichuan" pageId="39" pageNumber="172">Sichuan</collectingRegion>
, from latitudes between 28 -
<geoCoordinate box="[1066,1131,945,966]" degrees="32" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="39" pageNumber="172" precision="55555" value="32.0">32° N</geoCoordinate>
, at elevations of 3334 ± 542 [2700, 4130] m.
<collectingMunicipality box="[1004,1053,977,999]" pageId="39" pageNumber="172">This</collectingMunicipality>
indication of high-altitude distribution may be partially misleading as the entomologists were not much motivated to sample in anthropogenically affected landscapes at lower elevations. A much lower alti- tudinal limit is indicated by the findings from
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F52B87F65E116169FC9FDAF1FAA41DB8:785D603B5E116166FAEFDE10FA0D1D59" box="[1318,1436,1105,1127]" latitude="43.7" longLatPrecision="6855" longitude="126.3" municipality="This" name="Chongging" pageId="39" pageNumber="172" stateProvince="Sichuan">Chongging</location>
(
<geoCoordinate box="[825,921,1137,1159]" degrees="29.53" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="39" pageNumber="172" precision="555" value="29.53">29.53° N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate box="[930,1038,1137,1159]" degrees="106.52" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="39" pageNumber="172" precision="555" value="106.52">
106.52°
<bibRefCitation box="[1019,1102,1137,1159]" pageId="39" pageNumber="172">
E,
<quantity box="[1047,1126,1137,1159]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="39" pageNumber="172" unit="m" value="1500.0">
<elevation box="[1047,1126,1137,1159]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="39" pageNumber="172" unit="m" value="1500.0">1500m</elevation>
</quantity>
</bibRefCitation>
</geoCoordinate>
), Chincheng Shan (
<geoCoordinate box="[1334,1432,1137,1158]" degrees="30.90" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="39" pageNumber="172" precision="555" value="30.9">30.90° N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate box="[816,926,1168,1190]" degrees="103.55" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="39" pageNumber="172" precision="555" value="103.55">103.55° E</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity box="[936,1000,1168,1190]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.75" pageId="39" pageNumber="172" unit="m" value="975.0">
<elevation box="[936,1000,1168,1190]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.75" pageId="39" pageNumber="172" unit="m" value="975.0">975 m</elevation>
</quantity>
), and Yongij (
<geoCoordinate box="[1151,1236,1169,1190]" degrees="43.7" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="39" pageNumber="172" precision="5555" value="43.7">43.7° N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate box="[1246,1342,1169,1191]" degrees="126.3" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="39" pageNumber="172" precision="5555" value="126.3">126.3° E</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity box="[1353,1417,1168,1190]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.6" pageId="39" pageNumber="172" unit="m" value="560.0">
<elevation box="[1353,1417,1168,1190]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.6" pageId="39" pageNumber="172" unit="m" value="560.0">560m</elevation>
</quantity>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="40" lastPageNumber="173" pageId="39" pageNumber="172" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph blockId="39.[816,1439,176,2023]" pageId="39" pageNumber="172">
Diagnosis of worker (
<tableCitation box="[1203,1292,1200,1223]" captionStart="Tab" captionStartId="15.[151,191,177,199]" captionTargetBox="[157,1428,288,1993]" captionTargetId="graphics-48@15.[150,1436,281,2018]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Tab.5: Workers of the Formica truncorum species complex; head size and RAV-corrected data for the assumption of each individual having a head size of 1750 µm; data given as arithmetic mean ± standard deviation (lower extreme, upper extreme) number of individuals." pageId="39" pageNumber="172">Tab. 5</tableCitation>
,
<figureCitation box="[1322,1425,1201,1223]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="10.[151,197,1442,1464]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,170,1418]" captionTargetId="figure-13@10.[151,1003,540,877]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figs.14-20: (14-lugu) Formica lugubris, worker, normal morph, head; central vertex suggestedly shiny due to weaker transverse microsculpture. (15-lugu) Formica lugubris, worker, Hippie morph, head; central vertex suggestedly shiny due to weaker transverse microsculpture. (16-helv) Formica helvetica sp.n., worker, holotype, head. (17-helv) Formica helvetica sp.n., worker, holotype, lateral. (18-trun) Formica truncorum, worker, head. (19-trun) Formica truncorum, gyne, head. (20-sine) Formica sinensis, worker, lateral; note the contrast between weak pronotal and strong gular pilosity." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5582239" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5582239/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="172">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
, key). Medium-sized, mean and maximum
<collectionCode box="[1314,1344,1233,1254]" country="France" name="Musee des Dinosaures d'Esperaza (Aude)" pageId="39" pageNumber="172">CS</collectionCode>
over all morphological and social phenotypes 1783 and
<quantity box="[1336,1432,1265,1286]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.134" pageId="39" pageNumber="172" unit="mm" value="2134.0">2134 µm</quantity>
. Head elongated CL / CW
<subScript attach="left" box="[1095,1133,1306,1320]" fontSize="6" pageId="39" pageNumber="172">1750</subScript>
1.113. Clypeal morphology as in
<taxonomicName authorityName="FABRICIUS" authorityYear="1804" box="[878,1103,1329,1350]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="172" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="truncorum">
<emphasis box="[878,1103,1329,1350]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="172">Formica truncorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Scape very long and slender, SL /
<collectionCode box="[870,899,1361,1382]" country="France" name="Musee des Dinosaures d'Esperaza (Aude)" pageId="39" pageNumber="172">CS</collectionCode>
<subScript attach="left" box="[899,937,1370,1384]" fontSize="6" pageId="39" pageNumber="172">1750</subScript>
0.997, SL / Smax
<subScript attach="left" box="[1130,1168,1370,1384]" fontSize="6" pageId="39" pageNumber="172">1750</subScript>
11.18. Petiole scale very narrow, PeW /
<collectionCode box="[987,1016,1393,1414]" country="France" name="Musee des Dinosaures d'Esperaza (Aude)" pageId="39" pageNumber="172">CS</collectionCode>
<subScript attach="left" box="[1017,1055,1402,1416]" fontSize="6" pageId="39" pageNumber="172">1750</subScript>
0.430. Eyes with no or only short microsetae, EyeHL
<subScript attach="left" box="[1022,1060,1434,1448]" fontSize="6" pageId="39" pageNumber="172">1750</subScript>
<quantity box="[1065,1120,1425,1447]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="39" pageNumber="172" unit="mm" value="5.0">5µm</quantity>
. Dorsal plane of scape always without setae, nSc
<subScript attach="left" box="[1015,1053,1466,1480]" fontSize="6" pageId="39" pageNumber="172">1750</subScript>
0.0. Setae number on each place of the body smaller than in
<taxonomicName authorityName="FABRICIUS" authorityYear="1804" box="[1082,1229,1489,1510]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="172" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="truncorum">
<emphasis box="[1082,1229,1489,1510]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="172">F. truncorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but setae length on underside of head and metapleuron comparable: nCH
<subScript attach="left" box="[1398,1436,1530,1544]" fontSize="6" pageId="39" pageNumber="172">1750</subScript>
8.2, nGu
<subScript attach="left" box="[915,954,1562,1576]" fontSize="6" pageId="39" pageNumber="172">1750</subScript>
26.1, nPn
<subScript attach="left" box="[1072,1111,1562,1576]" fontSize="6" pageId="39" pageNumber="172">1750</subScript>
26.6, nMes
<subScript attach="left" box="[1245,1284,1562,1576]" fontSize="6" pageId="39" pageNumber="172">1750</subScript>
24.2, nPr
<subScript attach="left" box="[1397,1436,1562,1576]" fontSize="6" pageId="39" pageNumber="172">1750</subScript>
20.5, nMet
<subScript attach="left" box="[936,974,1594,1608]" fontSize="6" pageId="39" pageNumber="172">1750</subScript>
7.7, OccHL
<subScript attach="left" box="[1100,1138,1594,1608]" fontSize="6" pageId="39" pageNumber="172">1750</subScript>
<quantity box="[1145,1225,1585,1606]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.14" pageId="39" pageNumber="172" unit="mm" value="114.0">114 µm</quantity>
, GuHL
<subScript attach="left" box="[1304,1342,1594,1608]" fontSize="6" pageId="39" pageNumber="172">1750</subScript>
<quantity box="[1349,1430,1585,1606]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8399999999999999" pageId="39" pageNumber="172" unit="mm" value="184.0">184µm</quantity>
, mPnHL
<subScript attach="left" box="[903,941,1626,1640]" fontSize="6" pageId="39" pageNumber="172">1750</subScript>
<quantity box="[949,1018,1617,1638]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="39" pageNumber="172" unit="mm" value="70.0">70 µm</quantity>
, MetHL
<subScript attach="left" box="[1108,1146,1626,1640]" fontSize="6" pageId="39" pageNumber="172">1750</subScript>
<quantity box="[1153,1236,1617,1638]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="39" pageNumber="172" unit="mm" value="140.0">140 µm</quantity>
. Dorsal surface of head without the deep and broad microfoveolae characteristic for
<taxonomicName authorityName="FABRICIUS" authorityYear="1804" box="[936,1085,1681,1702]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="172" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="truncorum">
<emphasis box="[936,1085,1681,1702]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="172">F. truncorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Pigmentation as in the latter.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="39.[816,1439,176,2023]" lastBlockId="40.[151,772,177,1223]" lastPageId="40" lastPageNumber="173" pageId="39" pageNumber="172">
Diagnosis of gyne (
<tableCitation box="[1162,1249,1713,1735]" captionStart="Tab" captionStartId="18.[151,191,177,199]" captionTargetBox="[159,1322,261,1996]" captionTargetId="graphics-27@18.[151,1437,249,2018]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Tab.8: Gynes of the Formica truncorum species complex; data given as arithmetic mean ± standard deviation (lower extreme, upper extreme) number of individuals." pageId="39" pageNumber="172">Tab. 8</tableCitation>
). Rather large, mean
<collectionCode box="[883,913,1745,1766]" country="France" name="Musee des Dinosaures d'Esperaza (Aude)" pageId="39" pageNumber="172">CS</collectionCode>
<quantity box="[919,1014,1745,1766]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1919999999999997" pageId="39" pageNumber="172" unit="mm" value="2192.0">2192 µm</quantity>
. Head capsule in dorsal view less trapezoidal than in
<taxonomicName authorityName="FABRICIUS" authorityYear="1804" box="[989,1214,1777,1798]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="172" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="truncorum">
<emphasis box="[989,1214,1777,1798]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="172">Formica truncorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, clypeal shape as in that species. Scape length and slenderness largest in all species considered here, SL /
<collectionCode box="[1140,1170,1841,1862]" country="France" name="Musee des Dinosaures d'Esperaza (Aude)" pageId="39" pageNumber="172">CS</collectionCode>
0.921, SL / Smax 10.30. Petiole width as in
<taxonomicName authorityName="FABRICIUS" authorityYear="1804" box="[1015,1160,1873,1894]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="172" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="truncorum">
<emphasis box="[1015,1160,1873,1894]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="172">F. truncorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, PeW /
<collectionCode box="[1241,1271,1873,1894]" country="France" name="Musee des Dinosaures d'Esperaza (Aude)" pageId="39" pageNumber="172">CS</collectionCode>
0.589. Setae on eyes fully absent, EyeHL 0 µm. Setae on dorsum of scape always absent, nSc 0.0. Setae on hind margin of head much less numerous and shorter than in
<taxonomicName authorityName="FABRICIUS" authorityYear="1804" box="[1217,1370,1969,1990]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="172" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="truncorum">
<emphasis box="[1217,1370,1969,1990]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="172">F. truncorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, nCH 11.4, OccHL
<quantity box="[954,1036,2001,2023]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.63" pageId="39" pageNumber="172" unit="mm" value="163.0">163µm</quantity>
. Gular setae less numerous than in
<taxonomicName authorityName="FABRICIUS" authorityYear="1804" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" lastPageId="40" lastPageNumber="173" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="172" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="truncorum">
<emphasis italics="true" lastPageId="40" lastPageNumber="173" pageId="39" pageNumber="172">F. truncorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but of similar length, nGu 33.0, GuHL
<quantity box="[684,767,177,199]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="40" pageNumber="173" unit="mm" value="250.0">250µm</quantity>
. Setae on pronotum, metapleuron and petiole scale less numerous and shorter than in
<taxonomicName authority=", PnHL" authorityName="PnHL" box="[454,679,241,262]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="173" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="truncorum">
<emphasis box="[454,602,241,262]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="173">F. truncorum</emphasis>
, PnHL
</taxonomicName>
<quantity box="[685,767,241,262]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.94" pageId="40" pageNumber="173" unit="mm" value="194.0">194 µm</quantity>
, nMet 22.3, MetHL
<quantity box="[359,441,273,295]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.15" pageId="40" pageNumber="173" unit="mm" value="215.0">215 µm</quantity>
, nPe 11.2. Cuticular surface of head very homogenous, without pits or foveolae. Dorsum of first gaster tergite weakly shiny, with dense transverse microripples and dilute pubescence (sqPDG
<quantity box="[626,722,369,390]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.014" pageId="40" pageNumber="173" unit="mm" value="10.14">10.14µm</quantity>
) but very homogenous microsculpture, microfoveolae often absent. Pigmentation as in
<taxonomicName box="[447,596,433,454]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="173" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="truncorum">
<emphasis box="[447,596,433,454]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="173">F. truncorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="40" pageNumber="173" type="discussion">
<paragraph blockId="40.[151,772,177,1223]" pageId="40" pageNumber="173">
Taxonomic comments and clustering results.
<bibRefCitation author="WU" box="[275,393,497,519]" firstAuthor="WU" journalOrPublisher="Forest Research" pageId="40" pageNumber="173" pagination="1 - 8" part="3" refId="ref47662" refString="WU, J. 1990: Taxonomic studies on the genus Formica L. of China (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). - Forest Research 3: 1 - 8. (in Chinese)" title="Taxonomic studies on the genus Formica L. of China (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)" type="journal article" year="1990">WU (1990)</bibRefCitation>
separated his new taxon
<taxonomicName authorityName="Wu" authorityYear="1990" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="173" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wongi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="173">Formica wongi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<taxonomicName authorityName="WHEELER" authorityYear="1913" box="[285,473,529,550]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="173" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinensis">
<emphasis box="[285,473,529,550]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="173">Formica sinensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
because of absence of setae from pronotum and from the first three gaster tergites and the “rather dull body”. As there are always setae on the first three gaster tergites even in the least hairy species of the Palaearctic
<taxonomicName authorityName="LINNAEUS" authorityYear="1761" box="[322,471,657,678]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="173" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufa">
<emphasis box="[322,471,657,678]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="173">Formica rufa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group, it appeared unclear if WU’ s material really belonged to this species group. The investigation of
<specimenCount box="[326,468,721,743]" pageId="40" pageNumber="173" type="generic" typeStatus="syntypes">five syntypes</specimenCount>
had the following results:
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="40.[151,772,177,1223]" lastBlockId="40.[816,1439,177,1159]" pageId="40" pageNumber="173">
Very small body size for a species of the
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="173" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="truncorum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="173">Formica truncorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species complex (
<collectionCode box="[434,466,785,806]" country="France" name="Musee des Dinosaures d'Esperaza (Aude)" pageId="40" pageNumber="173">CS</collectionCode>
= 1214, 1251, 1326, 1490,
<quantity box="[151,244,817,839]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.563" pageId="40" pageNumber="173" unit="mm" value="1563.0">1563µm</quantity>
) – this suggests a colony shortly after foundation. Ablation of pilosity on many areas of surface is confirmed by presence of numerous basal pits of setae. Anterior face of first tergite with numerous standing setae; most setae on exposed dorsal surfaces of first three tergites torn off, the few remaining are pasted flat to surface; in shel- tered surface dints numerous and long setae are present. Large parts of cuticular surface are polluted (“rather dull body”) and setae ablations are possibly due to attempts of mechanical cleaning prior preparation. Standard setae numbers and lengths were estimated in the three largest workers by scrutinizing the cuticular surface at magnifi- cations of 360 × for basal pits of setae and measuring the length of both standing setae and those glued flat to the surface. The sample means of the three largest workers are:
<collectionCode box="[865,895,241,262]" country="France" name="Musee des Dinosaures d'Esperaza (Aude)" pageId="40" pageNumber="173">CS</collectionCode>
<quantity box="[900,996,241,263]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.46" pageId="40" pageNumber="173" unit="mm" value="1460.0">1460 µm</quantity>
, CL / CW
<subScript attach="left" box="[1100,1138,250,264]" fontSize="6" pageId="40" pageNumber="173">1750</subScript>
1.119, SL /
<collectionCode box="[1264,1293,241,262]" country="France" name="Musee des Dinosaures d'Esperaza (Aude)" pageId="40" pageNumber="173">CS</collectionCode>
<subScript attach="left" box="[1294,1332,250,264]" fontSize="6" pageId="40" pageNumber="173">1750</subScript>
1.067, SL / Smax
<subScript attach="left" box="[897,935,282,296]" fontSize="6" pageId="40" pageNumber="173">1750</subScript>
11.67, PeW /
<collectionCode box="[1089,1118,273,294]" country="France" name="Musee des Dinosaures d'Esperaza (Aude)" pageId="40" pageNumber="173">CS</collectionCode>
<subScript attach="left" box="[1119,1157,282,296]" fontSize="6" pageId="40" pageNumber="173">1750</subScript>
0.397, EyeHL
<subScript attach="left" box="[1312,1350,282,296]" fontSize="6" pageId="40" pageNumber="173">1750</subScript>
<quantity box="[1358,1430,273,294]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.3" pageId="40" pageNumber="173" unit="mm" value="7.3">7.3µm</quantity>
, nSc
<subScript attach="left" box="[857,896,314,328]" fontSize="6" pageId="40" pageNumber="173">1750</subScript>
0.0, nCH
<subScript attach="left" box="[1007,1046,314,328]" fontSize="6" pageId="40" pageNumber="173">1750</subScript>
5.1, OccHL
<subScript attach="left" box="[1183,1222,314,328]" fontSize="6" pageId="40" pageNumber="173">1750</subScript>
<quantity box="[1231,1336,305,327]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0559999999999998" pageId="40" pageNumber="173" unit="mm" value="105.6">105.6 µm</quantity>
, nGu
<subScript attach="left" box="[1397,1436,314,328]" fontSize="6" pageId="40" pageNumber="173">1750</subScript>
31.1, GuHL
<subScript attach="left" box="[938,976,346,360]" fontSize="6" pageId="40" pageNumber="173">1750</subScript>
130.0µm, nPn
<subScript attach="left" box="[1134,1172,346,360]" fontSize="6" pageId="40" pageNumber="173">1750</subScript>
5.4, mPnHL
<subScript attach="left" box="[1305,1343,346,360]" fontSize="6" pageId="40" pageNumber="173">1750</subScript>
<quantity box="[1347,1435,337,359]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.71" pageId="40" pageNumber="173" unit="mm" value="57.1">57.1 µm</quantity>
, nMes
<subScript attach="left" box="[876,914,378,392]" fontSize="6" pageId="40" pageNumber="173">1750</subScript>
22.5, nPr
<subScript attach="left" box="[1017,1055,378,392]" fontSize="6" pageId="40" pageNumber="173">1750</subScript>
24.8, nMet
<subScript attach="left" box="[1175,1213,378,392]" fontSize="6" pageId="40" pageNumber="173">1750</subScript>
11.4, and MetHL
<subScript attach="left" box="[1398,1436,378,392]" fontSize="6" pageId="40" pageNumber="173">1750</subScript>
114.0 µm. All these data indicate a typical series of
<taxonomicName authorityName="WHEELER" authorityYear="1913" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="173" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="173">F. sinensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="40.[816,1439,177,1159]" pageId="40" pageNumber="173">
The separation of
<taxonomicName authorityName="WHEELER" authorityYear="1913" box="[1044,1230,465,486]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="173" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinensis">
<emphasis box="[1044,1230,465,486]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="173">Formica sinensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="173" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="truncorum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="173">Formica truncorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was very clear in any exploratory and hypothesis-driven data analysis considering the 17 characters mentioned above (
<figureCitation box="[1020,1096,561,583]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="40.[151,186,1713,1735]" captionTargetBox="[155,770,1269,1697]" captionTargetId="graphics-929@40.[191,765,1271,1661]" captionText="Fig.35: Nest-sample means of the discriminant score and the first factor of principal component analysis of workers of For- mica truncorum (white dots) and of Formica sinensis (black rhombs) considering seven phenotypic characters. The posi- tions of the single type specimens of F. truncorum FABRICIUS, 1804 (abbreviation TM), Formica truncicola NYLANDER,1846 (TA), and Formica yessensis WHEELER, 1913 (YE) and of the type series of Formica approximans WHEELER, 1933 (AP), F. sinensis WHEELER, 1913 (SI), and Formica wongi WU, 1990 (WO) are indicated by arrows." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5582293" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5582293/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="173">Fig.35</figureCitation>
). The classification error in an LDA was 0% in 70 and 92 individual workers of
<taxonomicName authorityName="WHEELER" authorityYear="1913" box="[1323,1437,593,614]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="173" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinensis">
<emphasis box="[1323,1437,593,614]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="173">F. sinensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<emphasis box="[863,1017,625,646]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="173">
<taxonomicName box="[863,1013,625,646]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="173" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="truncorum">F. truncorum</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
respectively. Wild-card runs allocated all
<typeStatus box="[850,899,657,678]" pageId="40" pageNumber="173">type</typeStatus>
specimens of
<taxonomicName box="[1053,1202,657,678]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="173" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="truncorum">
<emphasis box="[1053,1202,657,678]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="173">F. truncorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authorityName="NYLANDER" authorityYear="1846" box="[1214,1430,657,678]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="173" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="truncicola">
<emphasis box="[1214,1430,657,678]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="173">Formica truncicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authorityName="WHEELER" authorityYear="1933" box="[816,1067,689,710]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="173" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="approximans">
<emphasis box="[816,1067,689,710]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="173">Formica approximans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName authorityName="WHEELER" authorityYear="1913" box="[1130,1336,689,710]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="173" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yessensis">
<emphasis box="[1130,1336,689,710]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="173">Formica yessensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to the
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="173" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="truncorum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="173">F. truncorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
cluster and all
<typeStatus box="[1112,1161,721,742]" pageId="40" pageNumber="173">type</typeStatus>
specimens of
<taxonomicName authorityName="WHEELER" authorityYear="1913" box="[1319,1436,721,742]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="173" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinensis">
<emphasis box="[1319,1436,721,742]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="173">F. sinensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Wu" authorityYear="1990" box="[864,1034,753,774]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="173" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wongi">
<emphasis box="[864,1034,753,774]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="173">Formica wongi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to the
<taxonomicName authorityName="WHEELER" authorityYear="1913" box="[1111,1226,753,774]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="173" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinensis">
<emphasis box="[1111,1226,753,774]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="173">F. sinensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
cluster. The classification errors in NC-Ward and NC-part.hclust were 0% and 1.6% in NC-part.kmeans.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="40" pageNumber="173" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph blockId="40.[816,1439,177,1159]" pageId="40" pageNumber="173">
Biology. The data collected for this revision show the following aspects:
<taxonomicName authorityName="WHEELER" authorityYear="1913" box="[1022,1212,881,902]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="173" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinensis">
<emphasis box="[1022,1212,881,902]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="173">Formica sinensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the only
<taxonomicName authorityName="LINNAEUS" authorityYear="1761" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="173" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="173">Formica rufa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group species present in large areas of
<collectingCountry box="[1275,1339,913,935]" name="China" pageId="40" pageNumber="173">China</collectingCountry>
and thus without direct competitors in a rather broad niche space. It occurs in coniferous, mixed, and broad-leafed woodland of natural or anthropogenous origin – at higher elevations preferentially in woodland with low canopy closure or on clearings. Social
<typeStatus box="[996,1055,1073,1094]" pageId="40" pageNumber="173">types</typeStatus>
vary from monodomous colonies to true supercolonies with large mounds. Six observations of alates occurred between 26 June and 5 August.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

459
data/F5/2B/87/F52B87F65E126164FC9FD84EFBC41AD8.xml Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,459 @@
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5587868" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b9f36fb1-1c9d-4af8-96ca-d57973b94862" ID-GBIF-Taxon="192710764" ID-ISSN="1997-3500" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5587868" approvalRequired="1" checkinTime="1619623649741" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Seifert, Bernhard" docDate="2021" docId="F52B87F65E126164FC9FD84EFBC41AD8" docLanguage="en" docName="myrmecNews.31_133-179_printable.pdf" docOrigin="Myrmecological News 31" docSource="http://zoobank.org/0e55c0d7-531a-48d7-a078-148b96bd461d" docTitle="Formica stitzi STITZ 1939" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageId="37" lastPageNumber="170" masterDocId="0912FF8E5E366141FFC9DA41FF91193E" masterDocTitle="A taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic members of the Formica rufa group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) - the famous mound-building red wood ants" masterLastPageNumber="179" masterPageNumber="133" pageId="36" pageNumber="169" updateTime="1643400318318" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>A taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic members of the Formica rufa group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) - the famous mound-building red wood ants</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Seifert, Bernhard</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Myrmecological News</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2021-04-28</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>31</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>133</mods:start>
<mods:end>179</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://zoobank.org/0e55c0d7-531a-48d7-a078-148b96bd461d</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.25849/myrmecol.news_031:133</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">b9f36fb1-1c9d-4af8-96ca-d57973b94862</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1997-3500</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">5582216</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">0E55C0D7-531A-48D7-A078-148B96BD461D</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5587868" ID-GBIF-Taxon="192710764" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5587868" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F52B87F65E126164FC9FD84EFBC41AD8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F52B87F65E126164FC9FD84EFBC41AD8" lastPageId="37" lastPageNumber="170" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">
<subSubSection box="[854,1188,527,550]" pageId="36" pageNumber="169" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="36.[816,1438,177,2023]" box="[854,1188,527,550]" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">
<treatmentCitation box="[854,1188,527,550]" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">
<taxonomicName authority="STITZ, 1939" authorityName="STITZ" authorityYear="1939" box="[854,1188,527,550]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stitzi">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[854,1188,527,550]" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[854,1037,527,550]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">Formica stitzi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation box="[1043,1188,528,550]" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">STITZ, 1939</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="36" pageNumber="169" type="reference_group">
<paragraph blockId="36.[816,1438,177,2023]" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">
<treatmentCitation box="[816,1295,561,582]" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">
<taxonomicName authority="STITZ, 1939" authorityName="STITZ" authorityYear="1939" box="[816,1295,561,582]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="truncorum" variety="stitzi">
<emphasis box="[816,1043,561,582]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">Formica truncorum</emphasis>
var.
<emphasis box="[1100,1156,561,582]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">stitzi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation box="[1165,1295,561,582]" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">STITZ, 1939</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
[description and zoogeography]
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="36" pageNumber="169" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph blockId="36.[816,1438,177,2023]" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">
This taxon was described from near Eberswalde (
<collectingCountry name="Germany" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">Germany</collectingCountry>
) under the unavailable name
<treatmentCitation pageId="36" pageNumber="169">
<taxonomicName authority="KRAUSSE, 1926" authorityName="KRAUSSE" authorityYear="1926" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="rufa" subSpecies="truncicola" variety="stitzi">
<emphasis box="[1229,1384,657,678]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">Formica rufa</emphasis>
ssp.
<emphasis box="[816,931,689,710]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">truncicola</emphasis>
var.
<emphasis box="[982,1037,689,710]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">stitzi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation box="[1042,1209,689,711]" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">KRAUSSE, 1926</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
<typeStatus box="[1217,1281,689,710]" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">Types</typeStatus>
are unknown. Within the four species known to occur in the vicinity of Eberswalde, the description matches the situation in
<taxonomicName authorityName="FABRICIUS" authorityYear="1804" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="truncorum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">F. truncorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="36.[816,1438,177,2023]" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">
All material examined. Numeric phenotypical data were recorded in 50 samples with
<specimenCount box="[1241,1361,849,871]" pageId="36" pageNumber="169" type="worker">92 workers</specimenCount>
and in 22 gynes.
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F52B87F65E126164FC9FD84EFBC41AD8:785D603B5E126165FC6CD930FC771AB9" box="[933,998,881,903]" country="Belarus" county="The" municipality="For" name="These" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">These</location>
originated from
<collectingCountry box="[1193,1279,881,903]" name="Belarus" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">Belarus</collectingCountry>
(one sample),
<collectingCountry box="[816,883,913,935]" name="China" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">China</collectingCountry>
(seven), Czechia (one),
<collectingCountry box="[1159,1266,913,935]" name="Denmark" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">Denmark</collectingCountry>
(one),
<collectingCountry box="[1347,1436,913,935]" name="Finland" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">Finland</collectingCountry>
(two),
<collectingCountry box="[890,969,945,966]" name="France" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">France</collectingCountry>
(three),
<collectingCountry box="[1070,1175,945,966]" name="Germany" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">Germany</collectingCountry>
(12),
<collectingCountry box="[1245,1313,945,966]" name="Japan" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">Japan</collectingCountry>
(two),
<collectingCountry name="Kazakhstan" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">Kazakhstan</collectingCountry>
(seven),
<collectingCountry box="[1015,1139,977,998]" name="Kyrgyzstan" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">Kyrgyzstan</collectingCountry>
(11),
<collectingCountry box="[1202,1287,977,998]" name="Norway" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">Norway</collectingCountry>
(one),
<collectingCountry box="[1363,1436,977,999]" name="Russia" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">Russia</collectingCountry>
(two), and
<collectingCountry box="[939,1030,1009,1031]" name="Ukraine" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">Ukraine</collectingCountry>
(one).
<collectingMunicipality box="[1109,1147,1009,1030]" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">For</collectingMunicipality>
details, see SI1, SI2, and SI3.
<collectingCounty box="[866,907,1041,1063]" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">The</collectingCounty>
total of samples investigated either numerically or subjectively was 136.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="36" pageNumber="169" type="distribution">
<paragraph blockId="36.[816,1438,177,2023]" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">
Geographical range.
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F52B87F65E126164FC9FD84EFBC41AD8:785D603B5E126165FB59DE10FAB21D59" box="[1168,1315,1105,1127]" country="Netherlands" county="East Asian" latitude="42.0" longLatPrecision="22268" longitude="148.0" municipality="Western Kurils" name="Eurosiberian" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">Eurosiberian</location>
, temperate to boreal; from
<collectingCountry box="[979,1112,1137,1159]" name="Netherlands" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">Netherlands</collectingCountry>
and E
<collectingCountry box="[1181,1256,1137,1158]" name="France" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">France</collectingCountry>
(
<geoCoordinate box="[1269,1313,1136,1158]" degrees="5" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="36" pageNumber="169" precision="55555" value="5.0">5° E</geoCoordinate>
) to Yakutsk at least (
<geoCoordinate box="[910,976,1169,1191]" degrees="62" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="36" pageNumber="169" precision="55555" value="62.0">62° N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate box="[987,1065,1169,1190]" degrees="130" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="36" pageNumber="169" precision="55555" value="130.0">130° E</geoCoordinate>
).
<collectorName box="[1084,1151,1169,1190]" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">In NE</collectorName>
<collectingCountry box="[1158,1226,1169,1191]" name="China" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">China</collectingCountry>
, the
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F52B87F65E126164FC9FD84EFBC41AD8:785D603B5E126165FAC9DED0FA091D99" box="[1280,1432,1169,1191]" country="Netherlands" county="East Asian" latitude="42.0" longLatPrecision="22268" longitude="148.0" municipality="Western Kurils" name="Ussuri region" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">Ussuri region</location>
, Sakhalin, Hokkaido, the northern half of Honshu, and the
<collectingMunicipality box="[816,977,1233,1255]" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">Western Kurils</collectingMunicipality>
(
<geoCoordinate box="[989,1061,1233,1254]" degrees="148" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="36" pageNumber="169" precision="55555" value="148.0">148° E</geoCoordinate>
), it is replaced by the weakly deviating
<collectingCounty box="[855,969,1265,1287]" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">East Asian</collectingCounty>
population. The southern and northern distributional limits in Europe are
<geoCoordinate box="[1153,1214,1297,1318]" degrees="42" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="36" pageNumber="169" precision="55555" value="42.0">42° N</geoCoordinate>
(
<collectingCountry box="[1225,1320,1297,1319]" name="Bulgaria" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">Bulgaria</collectingCountry>
) and
<geoCoordinate box="[1377,1436,1297,1318]" degrees="71" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="36" pageNumber="169" precision="55555" value="71.0">71° N</geoCoordinate>
(
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F52B87F65E126164FC9FD84EFBC41AD8:785D603B5E126165FCF3DF70FC2B1C79" box="[826,954,1329,1351]" country="Netherlands" latitude="71.0" name="North Cape" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">North Cape</location>
).
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F52B87F65E126164FC9FD84EFBC41AD8:785D603B5E126165FC00DF70FB981C79" box="[969,1033,1329,1351]" country="Netherlands" latitude="67.0" municipality="Central Siberia" name="These" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">These</location>
are in
<collectingMunicipality box="[1103,1269,1329,1351]" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">Central Siberia</collectingMunicipality>
, along the 100
<superScript attach="none" box="[1422,1436,1328,1342]" fontSize="6" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">th</superScript>
degree of longitude,
<geoCoordinate box="[1034,1094,1361,1383]" degrees="46" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="36" pageNumber="169" precision="55555" value="46.0">46° N</geoCoordinate>
and
<geoCoordinate box="[1145,1209,1361,1383]" degrees="67" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="36" pageNumber="169" precision="55555" value="67.0">67° N</geoCoordinate>
.
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F52B87F65E126164FC9FD84EFBC41AD8:785D603B5E126165FB09DF10FABC1C58" box="[1216,1325,1361,1382]" country="Netherlands" county="Tian Shan" latitude="35.0" municipality="Dzungarian Alatau" name="In Europe" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">In Europe</location>
occurring from the planar to montane zone, in the
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F52B87F65E126164FC9FD84EFBC41AD8:785D603B5E126165FB17DF30FA9E1CB9" box="[1246,1295,1393,1415]" country="Netherlands" county="Tian Shan" latitude="35.0" municipality="Dzungarian Alatau" name="Alps" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">Alps</location>
ascending to
<quantity box="[816,894,1425,1446]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="36" pageNumber="169" unit="m" value="1800.0">
<elevation box="[816,894,1425,1446]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="36" pageNumber="169" unit="m" value="1800.0">1800m</elevation>
</quantity>
.
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F52B87F65E126164FC9FD84EFBC41AD8:785D603B5E126165FC43DFD0FC2F1C98" box="[906,958,1425,1446]" country="Netherlands" county="Tian Shan" latitude="35.0" municipality="Dzungarian Alatau" name="Rare" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">Rare</location>
in the
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F52B87F65E126164FC9FD84EFBC41AD8:785D603B5E126165FBCADFD0FBC31C99" box="[1027,1106,1425,1447]" country="Netherlands" county="Tian Shan" latitude="35.0" municipality="Dzungarian Alatau" name="Crimea" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">Crimea</location>
and
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F52B87F65E126164FC9FD84EFBC41AD8:785D603B5E126165FB4DDFD0FB781C98" box="[1156,1257,1425,1446]" country="Netherlands" county="Tian Shan" latitude="35.0" municipality="Dzungarian Alatau" name="Caucasus" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">Caucasus</location>
(
<bibRefCitation author="DLUSSKY" bookContentInfo="236 pp." box="[1270,1427,1425,1447]" firstAuthor="DLUSSKY" journalOrPublisher="Izdatel'stvo Nauka, Moscow" pageId="36" pageNumber="169" refId="ref45182" refString="DLUSSKY, G. M. 1967: Murav'i roda Formica. - Izdatel'stvo Nauka, Moscow, 236 pp." title="Murav'i roda Formica" type="book" year="1967">DLUSSKY 1967</bibRefCitation>
). A population isolated from the
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F52B87F65E126164FC9FD84EFBC41AD8:785D603B5E126165FB4BDFF0FA831CF9" box="[1154,1298,1457,1479]" country="Netherlands" county="Tian Shan" latitude="35.0" municipality="Dzungarian Alatau" name="Eurosiberian" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">Eurosiberian</location>
one is found in the
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F52B87F65E126164FC9FD84EFBC41AD8:785D603B5E126165FCBEDF90FB1A1CD9" box="[887,1163,1489,1511]" country="Netherlands" county="Tian Shan" latitude="35.0" municipality="Dzungarian Alatau" name="Central Asian mountains" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">Central Asian mountains</location>
– in
<collectingMunicipality box="[1221,1432,1489,1511]" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">Dzungarian Alatau</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingCounty box="[816,929,1521,1543]" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">Tian Shan</collectingCounty>
(here at
<geoCoordinate box="[1025,1088,1521,1542]" degrees="43" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="36" pageNumber="169" precision="55555" value="43.0">43° N</geoCoordinate>
up to
<quantity box="[1154,1233,1521,1542]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" pageId="36" pageNumber="169" unit="m" value="2700.0">
<elevation box="[1154,1233,1521,1542]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" pageId="36" pageNumber="169" unit="m" value="2700.0">2700 m</elevation>
</quantity>
), and Pamir south to Karakoram (
<geoCoordinate box="[983,1050,1552,1574]" degrees="35" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="36" pageNumber="169" precision="55555" value="35.0">35° N</geoCoordinate>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="37" lastPageNumber="170" pageId="36" pageNumber="169" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph blockId="36.[816,1438,177,2023]" lastBlockId="37.[151,773,177,2023]" lastPageId="37" lastPageNumber="170" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">
Diagnosis of worker (
<tableCitation box="[1203,1292,1584,1607]" captionStart="Tab" captionStartId="15.[151,191,177,199]" captionTargetBox="[157,1428,288,1993]" captionTargetId="graphics-48@15.[150,1436,281,2018]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Tab.5: Workers of the Formica truncorum species complex; head size and RAV-corrected data for the assumption of each individual having a head size of 1750 µm; data given as arithmetic mean ± standard deviation (lower extreme, upper extreme) number of individuals." pageId="36" pageNumber="169">Tab. 5</tableCitation>
,
<figureCitation box="[1322,1424,1585,1607]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="10.[151,197,1442,1464]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,170,1418]" captionTargetId="figure-13@10.[151,1003,540,877]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figs.14-20: (14-lugu) Formica lugubris, worker, normal morph, head; central vertex suggestedly shiny due to weaker transverse microsculpture. (15-lugu) Formica lugubris, worker, Hippie morph, head; central vertex suggestedly shiny due to weaker transverse microsculpture. (16-helv) Formica helvetica sp.n., worker, holotype, head. (17-helv) Formica helvetica sp.n., worker, holotype, lateral. (18-trun) Formica truncorum, worker, head. (19-trun) Formica truncorum, gyne, head. (20-sine) Formica sinensis, worker, lateral; note the contrast between weak pronotal and strong gular pilosity." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5582239" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5582239/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
, key). Polymorphic, with regional differences shown in
<tableCitation box="[816,898,1648,1671]" captionStart="Tab" captionStartId="15.[151,191,177,199]" captionTargetBox="[157,1428,288,1993]" captionTargetId="graphics-48@15.[150,1436,281,2018]" captionText="Tab.5: Workers of the Formica truncorum species complex; head size and RAV-corrected data for the assumption of each individual having a head size of 1750 µm; data given as arithmetic mean ± standard deviation (lower extreme, upper extreme) number of individuals." pageId="36" pageNumber="169">Table 5</tableCitation>
. Medium-sized, mean and maximum
<collectionCode box="[1317,1347,1649,1670]" country="France" name="Musee des Dinosaures d'Esperaza (Aude)" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">CS</collectionCode>
over all morphological and social phenotypes 1754 and
<quantity box="[1337,1432,1681,1702]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.177" pageId="36" pageNumber="169" unit="mm" value="2177.0">2177µm</quantity>
. Head moderately elongated,
<collectionCode box="[1137,1168,1713,1734]" country="Romania" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15579" name="Babes-Bolyai University" pageId="36" pageNumber="169" type="Herbarium">CL</collectionCode>
/ CW
<subScript attach="left" box="[1236,1274,1722,1736]" fontSize="6" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">1750</subScript>
1.099. Middle part of lateral clypeus more deeply depressed than in the
<taxonomicName authorityName="LINNAEUS" authorityYear="1761" box="[816,968,1777,1798]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufa">
<emphasis box="[816,968,1777,1798]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">Formica rufa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species complex, anterolateral clypeus as a result forming a bead; median clypeal carina blunt or absent. Scape long and very slender,
<collectionCode box="[1212,1240,1841,1862]" country="Sierra Leone" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14608" name="University of Sierra Leone, Njala University College" pageId="36" pageNumber="169" type="Herbarium">SL</collectionCode>
/
<collectionCode box="[1263,1292,1841,1862]" country="France" name="Musee des Dinosaures d'Esperaza (Aude)" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">CS</collectionCode>
<subScript attach="left" box="[1292,1330,1850,1864]" fontSize="6" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">1750</subScript>
0.985,
<collectionCode box="[1408,1436,1841,1862]" country="Sierra Leone" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14608" name="University of Sierra Leone, Njala University College" pageId="36" pageNumber="169" type="Herbarium">SL</collectionCode>
/ Smax
<subScript attach="left" box="[896,934,1882,1896]" fontSize="6" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">1750</subScript>
10.87. Second and third segment of antennal funiculus more slender than in the species treated above, IF2 2.15 ± 0.09 (n = 70). Petiole scale narrow, PeW /
<collectionCode box="[1370,1399,1937,1958]" country="France" name="Musee des Dinosaures d'Esperaza (Aude)" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">CS</collectionCode>
<subScript attach="left" box="[1399,1437,1946,1960]" fontSize="6" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">1750</subScript>
0.442. Eyes always with microsetae, EyeHL
<subScript attach="left" box="[1313,1352,1978,1992]" fontSize="6" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">1750</subScript>
<quantity box="[1361,1433,1969,1990]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="36" pageNumber="169" unit="mm" value="40.0">40 µm</quantity>
. Dorsal plane of scape usually with more setae than in other species, nSc
<subScript attach="left" box="[340,378,186,200]" fontSize="6" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">1750</subScript>
10.3. Except for the Hippie-morph of
<taxonomicName box="[151,342,209,230]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lugubris">
<emphasis box="[151,342,209,230]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">Formica lugubris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, setae number on each place of the body larger than in any species of the
<taxonomicName authorityName="LINNAEUS" authorityYear="1761" box="[520,596,241,262]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufa">
<emphasis box="[520,596,241,262]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">F. rufa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group, nCH
<subScript attach="left" box="[733,771,250,264]" fontSize="6" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">1750</subScript>
42.5, nGu
<subScript attach="left" box="[261,299,282,296]" fontSize="6" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">1750</subScript>
40.5, nPn
<subScript attach="left" box="[416,454,282,296]" fontSize="6" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">1750</subScript>
81.6, nMes
<subScript attach="left" box="[584,622,282,296]" fontSize="6" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">1750</subScript>
35.8, nPr
<subScript attach="left" box="[733,771,282,296]" fontSize="6" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">1750</subScript>
46.5, nMet
<subScript attach="left" box="[267,305,314,328]" fontSize="6" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">1750</subScript>
17.6. Hind margin of head usually with very long setae, but setae length on other body parts lower than in the most hairy morphs of
<taxonomicName authorityName="RETZIUS" authorityYear="1783" box="[459,663,369,390]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pratensis">
<emphasis box="[459,663,369,390]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">Formica pratensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName authority=", OccHL 1750" authorityName=", OccHL" authorityYear="1750" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lugubris">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">F. lugubris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, OccHL
<subScript attach="left" box="[311,349,410,424]" fontSize="6" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">1750</subScript>
<quantity box="[354,436,401,423]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3599999999999999" pageId="37" pageNumber="170" unit="mm" value="136.0">136µm</quantity>
, GuHL
<subScript attach="left" box="[512,550,410,424]" fontSize="6" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">1750</subScript>
<quantity box="[555,637,401,422]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8699999999999999" pageId="37" pageNumber="170" unit="mm" value="187.0">187µm</quantity>
, mPnHL
<subScript attach="left" box="[733,771,410,424]" fontSize="6" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">1750</subScript>
<quantity box="[151,220,433,454]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.1" pageId="37" pageNumber="170" unit="mm" value="91.0">91 µm</quantity>
, MetHL
<subScript attach="left" box="[312,350,442,456]" fontSize="6" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">1750</subScript>
<quantity box="[358,441,433,454]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.42" pageId="37" pageNumber="170" unit="mm" value="142.0">142 µm</quantity>
. Dorsum of head, in addition to the other elements of microsculpture, with deeper and broader microfoveolae which are usually the base of setae. Typical pigmentation in medium-sized to large workers: whole head, mesosoma, petiole, and frontal part of first gaster segment light orange brown; dark brown or blackish brown patches on vertex and dorsal mesosoma may occur in some samples.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="37.[151,773,177,2023]" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">
Diagnosis of gyne (
<tableCitation box="[475,560,689,711]" captionStart="Tab" captionStartId="18.[151,191,177,199]" captionTargetBox="[159,1322,261,1996]" captionTargetId="graphics-27@18.[151,1437,249,2018]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Tab.8: Gynes of the Formica truncorum species complex; data given as arithmetic mean ± standard deviation (lower extreme, upper extreme) number of individuals." pageId="37" pageNumber="170">Tab. 8</tableCitation>
,
<figureCitation box="[584,680,689,711]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="10.[151,197,1442,1464]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,170,1418]" captionTargetId="figure-13@10.[151,1003,540,877]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figs.14-20: (14-lugu) Formica lugubris, worker, normal morph, head; central vertex suggestedly shiny due to weaker transverse microsculpture. (15-lugu) Formica lugubris, worker, Hippie morph, head; central vertex suggestedly shiny due to weaker transverse microsculpture. (16-helv) Formica helvetica sp.n., worker, holotype, head. (17-helv) Formica helvetica sp.n., worker, holotype, lateral. (18-trun) Formica truncorum, worker, head. (19-trun) Formica truncorum, gyne, head. (20-sine) Formica sinensis, worker, lateral; note the contrast between weak pronotal and strong gular pilosity." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5582239" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5582239/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
, key). On average rather small but extremely size-polymorphic; minimum, mean, and maximum
<collectionCode box="[581,611,753,774]" country="France" name="Musee des Dinosaures d'Esperaza (Aude)" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">CS</collectionCode>
over all social phenotypes 1737, 2002, and
<quantity box="[478,578,785,807]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.256" pageId="37" pageNumber="170" unit="mm" value="2256.0">2256 µm</quantity>
. Head capsule in dorsal view appears trapezoidal, with more or less linear, frontad converging sides. Middle part of lateral clypeus more deeply depressed than in the
<taxonomicName authorityName="LINNAEUS" authorityYear="1761" box="[537,686,881,902]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufa">
<emphasis box="[537,686,881,902]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">Formica rufa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species complex, anterolateral clypeus as a result forming a bead; median clypeal carina absent. Scape long and slender,
<collectionCode box="[727,755,945,966]" country="Sierra Leone" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14608" name="University of Sierra Leone, Njala University College" pageId="37" pageNumber="170" type="Herbarium">SL</collectionCode>
/
<collectionCode box="[151,181,977,998]" country="France" name="Musee des Dinosaures d'Esperaza (Aude)" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">CS</collectionCode>
0.903,
<collectionCode box="[261,289,977,998]" country="Sierra Leone" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14608" name="University of Sierra Leone, Njala University College" pageId="37" pageNumber="170" type="Herbarium">SL</collectionCode>
/ Smax 9.63. Petiole scale relatively narrow, PeW /
<collectionCode box="[231,262,1009,1030]" country="France" name="Musee des Dinosaures d'Esperaza (Aude)" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">CS</collectionCode>
0.597. Setae on whole body very numerous, very thin, and usually very long. EyeHL
<quantity box="[590,659,1040,1062]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" pageId="37" pageNumber="170" unit="mm" value="95.0">95 µm</quantity>
, nSc 28.0, nCH 62.6, OccHL
<quantity box="[346,427,1072,1094]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.15" pageId="37" pageNumber="170" unit="mm" value="215.0">215µm</quantity>
, nGu 65.1, GuHL
<quantity box="[616,698,1073,1095]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.67" pageId="37" pageNumber="170" unit="mm" value="267.0">267µm</quantity>
, PnHL
<quantity box="[151,233,1105,1126]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.42" pageId="37" pageNumber="170" unit="mm" value="242.0">242 µm</quantity>
, nMet 38.0, MetHL
<quantity box="[454,536,1105,1126]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4899999999999998" pageId="37" pageNumber="170" unit="mm" value="249.0">249 µm</quantity>
, nPe 15.0. Dorsum of first gaster tergite moderately shiny, with dense transverse microripples, rather dilute pubescence (sqPDG
<quantity box="[673,759,1168,1190]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.76" pageId="37" pageNumber="170" unit="mm" value="9.76">9.76 µm</quantity>
), and rather large, deep, and widely spaced microfoveolae. The latter may be occasionally absent. Light reddish pigmentation component on all body surfaces more developed than in the
<taxonomicName authorityName="LINNAEUS" authorityYear="1761" box="[277,351,1297,1318]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufa">
<emphasis box="[277,351,1297,1318]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">F. rufa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species complex.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="37" pageNumber="170" type="discussion">
<paragraph blockId="37.[151,773,177,2023]" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">
Taxonomic comments and clustering results.
<taxonomicName authorityName="FABRICIUS" authorityYear="1804" box="[276,500,1361,1382]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="truncorum">
<emphasis box="[276,500,1361,1382]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">Formica truncorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, as any species of the
<taxonomicName authorityName="FABRICIUS" authorityYear="1804" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="truncorum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">F. truncorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species complex, is rarely confused with other species of the
<taxonomicName authorityName="LINNAEUS" authorityYear="1761" box="[305,453,1425,1446]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufa">
<emphasis box="[305,453,1425,1446]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">Formica rufa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group. Occasional confusion with
<taxonomicName authorityName="RETZIUS" authorityYear="1783" box="[207,410,1457,1478]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pratensis">
<emphasis box="[207,410,1457,1478]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">Formica pratensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is possible due to high similarity in pilosity data and most of the body shape data and due to variation in pigmentation in both species. However, the separation by exploratory and hypothesis-driven data analyses shows an error &lt;1% on the nest sample level in material from the whole Palaearctic range. Furthermore, the shape of clypeus and funiculus segments is usually diagnostic. In gynes, the separation from any species of the
<taxonomicName authorityName="LINNAEUS" authorityYear="1761" box="[190,261,1713,1734]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufa">
<emphasis box="[190,261,1713,1734]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">F. rufa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species complex is also clear in both exploratory and hypothesis-driven data analyses. Less hirsute specimens from
<collectingCountry box="[271,397,1777,1798]" name="Kyrgyzstan" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">Kyrgyzstan</collectingCountry>
, formerly identified as „
<taxonomicName authorityName="SANTSCHI" authorityYear="1919" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frontalis">
<emphasis box="[648,741,1777,1798]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">Formica</emphasis>
cf.
<emphasis box="[151,247,1809,1830]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">frontalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
“ (
<bibRefCitation author="SCHULTZ" box="[271,487,1809,1831]" etAl="&amp; al." firstAuthor="SCHULTZ" journalOrPublisher="Myrmecological News" pageId="37" pageNumber="170" pagination="201 - 207" part="8" refId="ref46449" refString="SCHULTZ, R., RADCHENKO, A. &amp; SEIFERT, B. 2006: A critical checklist of the ants of Kyrgyzstan (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). - Myrmecological News 8: 201 - 207." title="A critical checklist of the ants of Kyrgyzstan (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)" type="journal article" year="2006">SCHULTZ &amp; al. 2006</bibRefCitation>
), were re-classified in this study as
<taxonomicName authorityName="FABRICIUS" authorityYear="1804" box="[243,388,1841,1862]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="truncorum">
<emphasis box="[243,388,1841,1862]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">F. truncorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The current data give no indication that
<taxonomicName authorityName="SANTSCHI" authorityYear="1919" box="[201,323,1873,1894]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frontalis">
<emphasis box="[201,323,1873,1894]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">F. frontalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
does occur outside of
<collectingCountry box="[565,635,1873,1895]" name="Georgia" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">Iberia</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="37.[151,773,177,2023]" lastBlockId="37.[816,1437,177,999]" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">
The Panpalaearctic population of
<taxonomicName authorityName="FABRICIUS" authorityYear="1804" box="[550,771,1905,1926]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="truncorum">
<emphasis box="[550,771,1905,1926]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">Formica truncorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
cannot reasonably be subdivided into clusters of separate taxonomic identity based on the morphological data available at present. On worker individual level, the West and Central Palaearctic population differs from the East Palearctic one by smaller
<collectionCode box="[1082,1110,209,230]" country="Sierra Leone" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14608" name="University of Sierra Leone, Njala University College" pageId="37" pageNumber="170" type="Herbarium">SL</collectionCode>
/
<collectionCode box="[1130,1159,209,230]" country="France" name="Musee des Dinosaures d'Esperaza (Aude)" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">CS</collectionCode>
<subScript attach="left" box="[1159,1196,218,232]" fontSize="6" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">1750</subScript>
, nPn
<subScript attach="right" box="[1250,1287,218,232]" fontSize="6" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">1750</subScript>
, and nMet
<subScript attach="left" box="[1399,1437,218,232]" fontSize="6" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">1750</subScript>
(
<tableCitation box="[824,888,241,263]" captionStart="Tab" captionStartId="15.[151,191,177,199]" captionTargetBox="[157,1428,288,1993]" captionTargetId="graphics-48@15.[150,1436,281,2018]" captionText="Tab.5: Workers of the Formica truncorum species complex; head size and RAV-corrected data for the assumption of each individual having a head size of 1750 µm; data given as arithmetic mean ± standard deviation (lower extreme, upper extreme) number of individuals." pageId="37" pageNumber="170">Tab.5</tableCitation>
;
<collectionCode box="[902,987,241,262]" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">ANOVA</collectionCode>
F
<subScript attach="left" box="[1007,1041,250,264]" fontSize="6" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">1,90</subScript>
&gt; 15, p &lt;0.001). Yet, it was not possible by any tested exploratory data analysis to cluster the East Palaearctic population separately – neither on individual nor on nest sample level. As a consequence,
<treatmentCitation pageId="37" pageNumber="170">
<taxonomicName authority="WHEELER, 1913" authorityName="WHEELER" authorityYear="1913" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yessensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">Formica yessensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="WHEELER" box="[979,1146,369,390]" firstAuthor="WHEELER" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology" pageId="37" pageNumber="170" pagination="379 - 565" part="53" refId="ref47626" refString="WHEELER, W. M. 1913: A revision of the ants of the genus Formica (LINNE) MAYR. - Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 53: 379 - 565." title="A revision of the ants of the genus Formica (LINNE) MAYR" type="journal article" year="1913">WHEELER, 1913</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
and
<treatmentCitation pageId="37" pageNumber="170">
<taxonomicName authority="WHEELER, 1933" authorityName="WHEELER" authorityYear="1933" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="approximans">
<emphasis box="[1195,1437,369,390]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">Formica approximans</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation box="[816,987,401,422]" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">WHEELER, 1933</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
are synonymized here with
<emphasis box="[1285,1437,401,422]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">
<taxonomicName authorityName="FABRICIUS" authorityYear="1804" box="[1285,1433,401,422]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="truncorum">F. truncorum</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
A subdivision within the East Palearctic population is also not possible. Using nuDNA (microsatellites),
<bibRefCitation author="IMAI" etAl="&amp; al." firstAuthor="IMAI" journalOrPublisher="Scientific Reports" pageId="37" pageNumber="170" pagination="39451" part="6" refId="ref45889" refString="IMAI, S., KOBAYASHI, K., OHKUBO, Y., YAGI, N. &amp; HASEGAWA, E. 2016: Difference in evolutionary patterns of strongly or weakly selected characters among ant populations. - Scientific Reports 6: art. 39451." title="Difference in evolutionary patterns of strongly or weakly selected characters among ant populations" type="journal article" year="2016">IMAI &amp; al. (2016)</bibRefCitation>
investigated the Japanese-Korean population. They could not show genetic differences between populations they had pre-determined as “
<taxonomicName authorityName="WHEELER" authorityYear="1913" box="[1129,1258,561,582]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yessensis">
<emphasis box="[1129,1258,561,582]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">F. yessensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” and “
<taxonomicName authorityName="FABRICIUS" authorityYear="1804" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="truncorum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">F. truncorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” based on subjective assessment of setae numbers on hind tibia.
<bibRefCitation author="IMAI" box="[931,1109,625,647]" etAl="&amp; al." firstAuthor="IMAI" journalOrPublisher="Scientific Reports" pageId="37" pageNumber="170" pagination="39451" part="6" refId="ref45889" refString="IMAI, S., KOBAYASHI, K., OHKUBO, Y., YAGI, N. &amp; HASEGAWA, E. 2016: Difference in evolutionary patterns of strongly or weakly selected characters among ant populations. - Scientific Reports 6: art. 39451." title="Difference in evolutionary patterns of strongly or weakly selected characters among ant populations" type="journal article" year="2016">IMAI &amp; al. (2016)</bibRefCitation>
reported a “robust” genetic indication for the presence of only a single Japanese-Korean population and a “fragile” morphological classification. For separation from
<taxonomicName authorityName="SANTSCHI" authorityYear="1919" box="[996,1190,721,742]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frontalis">
<emphasis box="[996,1190,721,742]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">Formica frontalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName authorityName="WHEELER" authorityYear="1913" box="[1241,1429,721,742]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinensis">
<emphasis box="[1241,1429,721,742]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">Formica sinensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, see section “
<treatmentCitation box="[956,1338,753,774]" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">
<taxonomicName authority="SANTSCHI, 1919" authorityName="SANTSCHI" authorityYear="1919" box="[956,1338,753,774]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frontalis">
<emphasis box="[956,1155,753,774]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">Formica frontalis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation box="[1163,1338,753,774]" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">SANTSCHI, 1919</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
” (p. 171) and “
<treatmentCitation box="[873,1240,785,806]" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">
<taxonomicName authority="WHEELER, 1913" authorityName="WHEELER" authorityYear="1913" box="[873,1240,785,806]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinensis">
<emphasis box="[873,1062,785,806]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">Formica sinensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="WHEELER" box="[1068,1240,785,806]" firstAuthor="WHEELER" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology" pageId="37" pageNumber="170" pagination="379 - 565" part="53" refId="ref47626" refString="WHEELER, W. M. 1913: A revision of the ants of the genus Formica (LINNE) MAYR. - Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 53: 379 - 565." title="A revision of the ants of the genus Formica (LINNE) MAYR" type="journal article" year="1913">WHEELER, 1913</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
” (p. 172).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="37" pageNumber="170" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph blockId="37.[816,1437,177,999]" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">
Biology. See the species profile given by
<bibRefCitation author="SEIFERT" bookContentInfo="408 pp." firstAuthor="SEIFERT" journalOrPublisher="Lutra Verlags- und Vertriebsgesellschaft, Tauer" pageId="37" pageNumber="170" refId="ref46930" refString="SEIFERT, B. 2018: The ants of Central and North Europe. - Lutra Verlags- und Vertriebsgesellschaft, Tauer, 408 pp." title="The ants of Central and North Europe" type="book" year="2018">SEIFERT (2018)</bibRefCitation>
. Gyne size polymorphism with large disperser gynes having more fat and glycogen and larger flight muscles than smaller inbreeding gynes is more strongly expressed in
<taxonomicName authorityName="FABRICIUS" authorityYear="1804" box="[954,1170,945,966]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="truncorum">
<emphasis box="[954,1170,945,966]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">Formica truncorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
than in any other species of the
<taxonomicName authorityName="LINNAEUS" authorityYear="1761" box="[884,1032,977,998]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufa">
<emphasis box="[884,1032,977,998]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">Formica rufa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

92
data/F5/2B/87/F52B87F65E126165FC9FDAAEFC231B38.xml Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5587868" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b9f36fb1-1c9d-4af8-96ca-d57973b94862" ID-GBIF-Taxon="192710763" ID-ISSN="1997-3500" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5587868" approvalRequired="1" checkinTime="1619623649741" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Seifert, Bernhard" docDate="2021" docId="F52B87F65E126165FC9FDAAEFC231B38" docLanguage="en" docName="myrmecNews.31_133-179_printable.pdf" docOrigin="Myrmecological News 31" docSource="http://zoobank.org/0e55c0d7-531a-48d7-a078-148b96bd461d" docTitle="Formica staegeri STITZ 1939" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="169" masterDocId="0912FF8E5E366141FFC9DA41FF91193E" masterDocTitle="A taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic members of the Formica rufa group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) - the famous mound-building red wood ants" masterLastPageNumber="179" masterPageNumber="133" pageId="36" pageNumber="169" updateTime="1643400318318" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>A taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic members of the Formica rufa group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) - the famous mound-building red wood ants</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Seifert, Bernhard</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Myrmecological News</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2021-04-28</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>31</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>133</mods:start>
<mods:end>179</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://zoobank.org/0e55c0d7-531a-48d7-a078-148b96bd461d</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.25849/myrmecol.news_031:133</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">b9f36fb1-1c9d-4af8-96ca-d57973b94862</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1997-3500</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">5582216</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">0E55C0D7-531A-48D7-A078-148B96BD461D</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5587868" ID-GBIF-Taxon="192710763" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5587868" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F52B87F65E126165FC9FDAAEFC231B38" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F52B87F65E126165FC9FDAAEFC231B38" lastPageNumber="169" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">
<subSubSection box="[854,1229,239,262]" pageId="36" pageNumber="169" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="36.[816,1438,177,2023]" box="[854,1229,239,262]" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">
<treatmentCitation box="[854,1229,239,262]" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">
<taxonomicName authority="STITZ, 1939" authorityName="STITZ" authorityYear="1939" box="[854,1229,239,262]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="staegeri">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[854,1229,239,262]" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[854,1077,239,262]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">Formica staegeri</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation box="[1083,1229,240,262]" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">STITZ, 1939</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="36" pageNumber="169" type="reference_group">
<paragraph blockId="36.[816,1438,177,2023]" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">
<treatmentCitation box="[816,1302,273,294]" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">
<taxonomicName authority="STITZ, 1939" authorityName="STITZ" authorityYear="1939" box="[816,1302,273,294]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="truncorum" variety="staegeri">
<emphasis box="[816,1035,273,294]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">Formica truncorum</emphasis>
var.
<emphasis box="[1084,1173,273,294]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">staegeri</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation box="[1178,1302,273,294]" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">STITZ, 1939</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
[description and zoogeography]
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="36" pageNumber="169" type="discussion">
<paragraph blockId="36.[816,1438,177,2023]" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">
This taxon was described from near Eberswalde (
<collectingCountry name="Germany" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">Germany</collectingCountry>
) under the unavailable name
<treatmentCitation pageId="36" pageNumber="169">
<taxonomicName authority="KRAUSSE, 1926" authorityName="KRAUSSE" authorityYear="1926" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="rufa" subSpecies="truncicola" variety="staegeri">
<emphasis box="[1186,1329,369,390]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">Formica rufa</emphasis>
ssp.
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">truncicola</emphasis>
var.
<emphasis box="[936,1026,401,422]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">staegeri</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation box="[1033,1202,401,423]" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">KRAUSSE, 1926</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
<typeStatus box="[1212,1276,401,422]" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">Types</typeStatus>
are unknown. Within the four species known to occur in the vicinity of Eberswalde, the description matches the situation in
<taxonomicName authorityName="FABRICIUS" authorityYear="1804" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="truncorum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">F. truncorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

114
data/F5/2B/87/F52B87F65E126165FF74D86EFE811D78.xml Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5587868" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b9f36fb1-1c9d-4af8-96ca-d57973b94862" ID-GBIF-Taxon="192710762" ID-ISSN="1997-3500" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5587868" approvalRequired="1" checkinTime="1619623649741" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Seifert, Bernhard" docDate="2021" docId="F52B87F65E126165FF74D86EFE811D78" docLanguage="en" docName="myrmecNews.31_133-179_printable.pdf" docOrigin="Myrmecological News 31" docSource="http://zoobank.org/0e55c0d7-531a-48d7-a078-148b96bd461d" docTitle="Formica yessensis WHEELER 1913" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="169" masterDocId="0912FF8E5E366141FFC9DA41FF91193E" masterDocTitle="A taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic members of the Formica rufa group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) - the famous mound-building red wood ants" masterLastPageNumber="179" masterPageNumber="133" pageId="36" pageNumber="169" updateTime="1643400318318" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>A taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic members of the Formica rufa group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) - the famous mound-building red wood ants</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Seifert, Bernhard</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Myrmecological News</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2021-04-28</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>31</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>133</mods:start>
<mods:end>179</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://zoobank.org/0e55c0d7-531a-48d7-a078-148b96bd461d</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.25849/myrmecol.news_031:133</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">b9f36fb1-1c9d-4af8-96ca-d57973b94862</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1997-3500</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">5582216</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">0E55C0D7-531A-48D7-A078-148B96BD461D</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5587868" ID-GBIF-Taxon="192710762" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5587868" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F52B87F65E126165FF74D86EFE811D78" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F52B87F65E126165FF74D86EFE811D78" lastPageNumber="169" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">
<subSubSection box="[189,632,559,582]" pageId="36" pageNumber="169" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="36.[151,773,177,2023]" box="[189,632,559,582]" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">
<treatmentCitation box="[189,632,559,582]" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">
<taxonomicName authority="WHEELER, 1913" authorityName="WHEELER" authorityYear="1913" box="[189,632,559,582]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yessensis">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[189,632,559,582]" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[189,429,559,582]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">Formica yessensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="WHEELER" box="[435,632,560,582]" firstAuthor="WHEELER" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology" pageId="36" pageNumber="169" pagination="379 - 565" part="53" refId="ref47626" refString="WHEELER, W. M. 1913: A revision of the ants of the genus Formica (LINNE) MAYR. - Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 53: 379 - 565." title="A revision of the ants of the genus Formica (LINNE) MAYR" type="journal article" year="1913">WHEELER, 1913</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="36" pageNumber="169" type="reference_group">
<paragraph blockId="36.[151,773,177,2023]" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">
<treatmentCitation box="[151,710,593,614]" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">
<taxonomicName authority="WHEELER, 1913" authorityName="WHEELER" authorityYear="1913" box="[151,710,593,614]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="truncorum" variety="yessensis">
<emphasis box="[151,374,593,614]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">Formica truncorum</emphasis>
var.
<emphasis box="[426,530,593,614]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">yessensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="WHEELER" box="[536,710,593,614]" firstAuthor="WHEELER" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology" pageId="36" pageNumber="169" pagination="379 - 565" part="53" refId="ref47626" refString="WHEELER, W. M. 1913: A revision of the ants of the genus Formica (LINNE) MAYR. - Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 53: 379 - 565." title="A revision of the ants of the genus Formica (LINNE) MAYR" type="journal article" year="1913">WHEELER, 1913</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
[
<typeStatus box="[721,772,593,614]" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">type</typeStatus>
investigation]
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="36" pageNumber="169" type="discussion">
<paragraph blockId="36.[151,773,177,2023]" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">
The taxon was described by
<bibRefCitation author="FOREL" box="[508,655,657,679]" firstAuthor="FOREL" journalOrPublisher="Mitteilungen aus dem Naturhistorischen Museum in Hamburg" pageId="36" pageNumber="169" pagination="43 - 82" part="18" refId="ref45569" refString="FOREL, A. 1901: Formiciden des Naturhistorischen Museums zu Hamburg. Neue Calyptomyrmex -, Dacryon -, Podomyrma - und Echinopla - Arten. - Mitteilungen aus dem Naturhistorischen Museum in Hamburg 18: 43 - 82." title="Formiciden des Naturhistorischen Museums zu Hamburg. Neue Calyptomyrmex -, Dacryon -, Podomyrma - und Echinopla - Arten" type="journal article" year="1901">FOREL (1901)</bibRefCitation>
under the infrasubspecific name
<treatmentCitation pageId="36" pageNumber="169">
<taxonomicName authority="FOREL, 1901" authorityName="FOREL" authorityYear="1901" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="rufa" subSpecies="truncorum" variety="yessensis">
<emphasis box="[409,563,689,710]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">Formica rufa</emphasis>
r.
<emphasis box="[596,721,689,710]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">truncorum</emphasis>
var.
<emphasis box="[151,255,721,742]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">yessensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="FOREL" box="[263,400,721,742]" firstAuthor="FOREL" journalOrPublisher="Mitteilungen aus dem Naturhistorischen Museum in Hamburg" pageId="36" pageNumber="169" pagination="43 - 82" part="18" refId="ref45569" refString="FOREL, A. 1901: Formiciden des Naturhistorischen Museums zu Hamburg. Neue Calyptomyrmex -, Dacryon -, Podomyrma - und Echinopla - Arten. - Mitteilungen aus dem Naturhistorischen Museum in Hamburg 18: 43 - 82." title="Formiciden des Naturhistorischen Museums zu Hamburg. Neue Calyptomyrmex -, Dacryon -, Podomyrma - und Echinopla - Arten" type="journal article" year="1901">FOREL, 1901</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
from Sorachi, some
<quantity box="[632,712,721,743]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="36" pageNumber="169" unit="km" value="100.0">100 km</quantity>
ENE of Sapporo,
<collectingRegion box="[286,383,752,774]" country="Japan" name="Hokkaido" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">Hokaido</collectingRegion>
. Investigated was
<specimenCount box="[590,686,753,774]" pageId="36" pageNumber="169" type="generic" typeStatus="type">one type</specimenCount>
worker from MHN
<collectingRegion box="[279,360,785,807]" country="Switzerland" name="Geneve" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">Genève</collectingRegion>
labelled by A. Forel “
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">
<taxonomicName authority="For" authorityName="For" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="truncicola" variety="yessensis">Formica truncicola v. yessensis For</taxonomicName>
<typeStatus box="[389,442,817,838]" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">Type</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
” and carrying a printed label “Sorachi Prov. Ishikari Yesso
<date box="[458,538,849,870]" pageId="36" pageNumber="169" value="1899-05">
<collectionCode box="[458,476,849,870]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="36" pageNumber="169" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
. 1899
</date>
.
<collectingRegion box="[546,596,849,870]" country="Turkey" name="Mus" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">Mus</collectingRegion>
.em.
<date box="[638,757,849,870]" pageId="36" pageNumber="169" value="1899-11-24">24.XI.1899</date>
”. The specimen shows below average setae length on eyes and no setae on dorsum of scape, and extensor profile of hind tibia but is in any character within the range of variation known from the Palaearctic population of
<taxonomicName authorityName="FABRICIUS" authorityYear="1804" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="truncorum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">F. truncorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. For a more detailed argumentation in favor of this synonymization, see below under taxonomic comments.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

92
data/F5/2B/87/F52B87F65E126165FF74DD4EFC2319D8.xml Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5587868" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b9f36fb1-1c9d-4af8-96ca-d57973b94862" ID-GBIF-Taxon="192710761" ID-ISSN="1997-3500" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5587868" approvalRequired="1" checkinTime="1619623649741" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Seifert, Bernhard" docDate="2021" docId="F52B87F65E126165FF74DD4EFC2319D8" docLanguage="en" docName="myrmecNews.31_133-179_printable.pdf" docOrigin="Myrmecological News 31" docSource="http://zoobank.org/0e55c0d7-531a-48d7-a078-148b96bd461d" docTitle="Formica menozzii STITZ 1939" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="169" masterDocId="0912FF8E5E366141FFC9DA41FF91193E" masterDocTitle="A taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic members of the Formica rufa group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) - the famous mound-building red wood ants" masterLastPageNumber="179" masterPageNumber="133" pageId="36" pageNumber="169" updateTime="1643400318318" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>A taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic members of the Formica rufa group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) - the famous mound-building red wood ants</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Seifert, Bernhard</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Myrmecological News</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2021-04-28</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>31</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>133</mods:start>
<mods:end>179</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://zoobank.org/0e55c0d7-531a-48d7-a078-148b96bd461d</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.25849/myrmecol.news_031:133</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">b9f36fb1-1c9d-4af8-96ca-d57973b94862</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1997-3500</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">5582216</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">0E55C0D7-531A-48D7-A078-148B96BD461D</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5587868" ID-GBIF-Taxon="192710761" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5587868" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F52B87F65E126165FF74DD4EFC2319D8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F52B87F65E126165FF74DD4EFC2319D8" lastPageNumber="169" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">
<subSubSection box="[189,573,1807,1831]" pageId="36" pageNumber="169" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="36.[151,773,177,2023]" box="[189,573,1807,1831]" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">
<treatmentCitation box="[189,573,1807,1831]" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">
<taxonomicName authority="STITZ, 1939" authorityName="STITZ" authorityYear="1939" box="[189,573,1807,1831]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="menozzii">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[189,573,1807,1831]" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[189,422,1807,1831]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">Formica menozzii</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation box="[428,573,1808,1830]" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">STITZ, 1939</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="36" pageNumber="169" type="reference_group">
<paragraph blockId="36.[151,773,177,2023]" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">
<treatmentCitation box="[151,640,1841,1862]" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">
<taxonomicName authority="STITZ, 1939" authorityName="STITZ" authorityYear="1939" box="[151,640,1841,1862]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="truncorum" variety="menozzii">
<emphasis box="[151,367,1841,1862]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">Formica truncorum</emphasis>
var.
<emphasis box="[415,512,1841,1862]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">menozzii</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation box="[516,640,1841,1862]" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">STITZ, 1939</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
[description and zoogeography]
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="36" pageNumber="169" type="discussion">
<paragraph blockId="36.[151,773,177,2023]" lastBlockId="36.[816,1438,177,2023]" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">
This taxon was described from near Eberswalde (
<collectingCountry name="Germany" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">Germany</collectingCountry>
) under the unavailable name
<treatmentCitation pageId="36" pageNumber="169">
<taxonomicName authority="KRAUSSE, 1926" authorityName="KRAUSSE" authorityYear="1926" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="rufa" subSpecies="truncicola" variety="menozzii">
<emphasis box="[521,664,1937,1958]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">Formica rufa</emphasis>
ssp.
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">truncicola</emphasis>
var.
<emphasis box="[269,368,1969,1990]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">menozzii</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation box="[373,541,1969,1991]" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">KRAUSSE, 1926</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
<typeStatus box="[550,614,1969,1990]" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">Types</typeStatus>
are unknown. Within the four species known to occur in the vicinity of Eberswalde, the description matches the situation in
<taxonomicName authorityName="FABRICIUS" authorityYear="1804" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="truncorum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">F. truncorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

104
data/F5/2B/87/F52B87F65E126165FF74DE0EFE811CD8.xml Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5587868" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b9f36fb1-1c9d-4af8-96ca-d57973b94862" ID-GBIF-Taxon="192710760" ID-ISSN="1997-3500" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5587868" approvalRequired="1" checkinTime="1619623649741" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Seifert, Bernhard" docDate="2021" docId="F52B87F65E126165FF74DE0EFE811CD8" docLanguage="en" docName="myrmecNews.31_133-179_printable.pdf" docOrigin="Myrmecological News 31" docSource="http://zoobank.org/0e55c0d7-531a-48d7-a078-148b96bd461d" docTitle="Formica approximans WHEELER 1933" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="169" masterDocId="0912FF8E5E366141FFC9DA41FF91193E" masterDocTitle="A taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic members of the Formica rufa group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) - the famous mound-building red wood ants" masterLastPageNumber="179" masterPageNumber="133" pageId="36" pageNumber="169" updateTime="1643400318318" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>A taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic members of the Formica rufa group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) - the famous mound-building red wood ants</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Seifert, Bernhard</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Myrmecological News</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2021-04-28</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>31</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>133</mods:start>
<mods:end>179</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://zoobank.org/0e55c0d7-531a-48d7-a078-148b96bd461d</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.25849/myrmecol.news_031:133</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">b9f36fb1-1c9d-4af8-96ca-d57973b94862</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1997-3500</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">5582216</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">0E55C0D7-531A-48D7-A078-148B96BD461D</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5587868" ID-GBIF-Taxon="192710760" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5587868" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F52B87F65E126165FF74DE0EFE811CD8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F52B87F65E126165FF74DE0EFE811CD8" lastPageNumber="169" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">
<subSubSection box="[189,685,1103,1127]" pageId="36" pageNumber="169" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="36.[151,773,177,2023]" box="[189,685,1103,1127]" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">
<treatmentCitation box="[189,685,1103,1127]" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">
<taxonomicName authority="WHEELER, 1933" authorityName="WHEELER" authorityYear="1933" box="[189,685,1103,1127]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="approximans">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[189,685,1103,1127]" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[189,480,1103,1127]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">Formica approximans</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation box="[486,685,1105,1126]" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">WHEELER, 1933</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="36" pageNumber="169" type="reference_group">
<paragraph blockId="36.[151,773,177,2023]" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">
<treatmentCitation box="[151,772,1137,1158]" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">
<taxonomicName authority="WHEELER, 1933" authorityName="Wheeler" authorityYear="1933" box="[151,772,1137,1158]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="truncorum" variety="approximans">
<emphasis box="[151,378,1137,1158]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">Formica truncorum</emphasis>
var.
<emphasis box="[435,585,1137,1158]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">approximans</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation box="[594,772,1137,1158]" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">WHEELER, 1933</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
[
<typeStatus box="[158,208,1169,1190]" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">type</typeStatus>
investigation]
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="36" pageNumber="169" type="discussion">
<paragraph blockId="36.[151,773,177,2023]" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F52B87F65E126165FF74DE0EFE811CD8:785D603B5E126165FF74DEF0FF771DF9" box="[189,230,1201,1223]" country="China" county="East Palaearctic" municipality="Investigated" name="The" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">The</location>
taxon was described from
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F52B87F65E126165FF74DE0EFE811CD8:785D603B5E126165FDC2DEF0FD351DF9" box="[523,676,1201,1223]" country="China" county="East Palaearctic" municipality="Investigated" name="Eastern Tomb" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">Eastern Tomb</location>
/
<collectingCountry box="[699,768,1201,1223]" name="China" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">China</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingMunicipality box="[151,289,1233,1255]" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">Investigated</collectingMunicipality>
were
<specimenCount box="[359,476,1233,1255]" pageId="36" pageNumber="169" type="worker">six worker</specimenCount>
<typeStatus box="[485,585,1233,1254]" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">syntypes</typeStatus>
from
<collectionCode box="[656,710,1233,1254]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33791" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33791" name="Museum of Comparative Zoology" pageId="36" pageNumber="169" type="Museum">MCZ</collectionCode>
Harvard, labelled “Eastern Tomb July 16, 30 Chi Ho”, “Gift of
<collectorName box="[151,297,1297,1319]" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">W.M.Wheeler</collectorName>
”, “
<collectorName box="[327,481,1297,1318]" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">M.C.Z. CoType</collectorName>
1.-6 21720”, and “
<typeStatus box="[672,771,1297,1318]" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">Syntypes</typeStatus>
<taxonomicName authority="Wheeler" authorityName="Wheeler" authorityYear="1933" box="[151,680,1329,1351]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="truncorum" variety="approximans">Formica truncorum var. approximans Wheeler</taxonomicName>
” (upper side) “S P Cover
<date box="[344,438,1361,1383]" pageId="36" pageNumber="169" value="2006-09">
<collectingDate box="[344,438,1361,1383]" pageId="36" pageNumber="169" value="2006-09">IX-2006</collectingDate>
</date>
” (underside). The specimens fully correspond to the
<collectingCounty box="[425,609,1393,1415]" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">East Palaearctic</collectingCounty>
population of
<taxonomicName authorityName="FABRICIUS" authorityYear="1804" box="[151,302,1425,1446]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="truncorum">
<emphasis box="[151,302,1425,1446]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">F. truncorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. For a more detailed argumentation in favor of this synonymization, see below under taxonomic comments.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

92
data/F5/2B/87/F52B87F65E126165FF74DFAEFE1D1E38.xml Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5587868" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b9f36fb1-1c9d-4af8-96ca-d57973b94862" ID-GBIF-Taxon="192710759" ID-ISSN="1997-3500" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5587868" approvalRequired="1" checkinTime="1619623649741" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Seifert, Bernhard" docDate="2021" docId="F52B87F65E126165FF74DFAEFE1D1E38" docLanguage="en" docName="myrmecNews.31_133-179_printable.pdf" docOrigin="Myrmecological News 31" docSource="http://zoobank.org/0e55c0d7-531a-48d7-a078-148b96bd461d" docTitle="Formica finzii STITZ 1939" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="169" masterDocId="0912FF8E5E366141FFC9DA41FF91193E" masterDocTitle="A taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic members of the Formica rufa group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) - the famous mound-building red wood ants" masterLastPageNumber="179" masterPageNumber="133" pageId="36" pageNumber="169" updateTime="1643400318318" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>A taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic members of the Formica rufa group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) - the famous mound-building red wood ants</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Seifert, Bernhard</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Myrmecological News</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2021-04-28</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>31</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>133</mods:start>
<mods:end>179</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://zoobank.org/0e55c0d7-531a-48d7-a078-148b96bd461d</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.25849/myrmecol.news_031:133</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">b9f36fb1-1c9d-4af8-96ca-d57973b94862</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1997-3500</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">5582216</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">0E55C0D7-531A-48D7-A078-148B96BD461D</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5587868" ID-GBIF-Taxon="192710759" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5587868" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F52B87F65E126165FF74DFAEFE1D1E38" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F52B87F65E126165FF74DFAEFE1D1E38" lastPageNumber="169" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">
<subSubSection box="[189,523,1519,1543]" pageId="36" pageNumber="169" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="36.[151,773,177,2023]" box="[189,523,1519,1543]" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">
<treatmentCitation box="[189,523,1519,1543]" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">
<taxonomicName authority="STITZ, 1939" authorityName="STITZ" authorityYear="1939" box="[189,523,1519,1543]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="finzii">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[189,523,1519,1543]" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[189,372,1519,1543]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">Formica finzii</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation box="[378,523,1520,1542]" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">STITZ, 1939</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="36" pageNumber="169" type="reference_group">
<paragraph blockId="36.[151,773,177,2023]" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">
<treatmentCitation box="[151,630,1552,1574]" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">
<taxonomicName authority="STITZ, 1939" authorityName="FABRICIUS" authorityYear="1804" box="[151,630,1552,1574]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="truncorum" variety="finzii">
<emphasis box="[151,378,1553,1574]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">Formica truncorum</emphasis>
var.
<emphasis bold="true" box="[435,491,1552,1574]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">finzii</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation box="[499,630,1553,1574]" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">STITZ, 1939</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
[description and zoogeography]
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="36" pageNumber="169" type="discussion">
<paragraph blockId="36.[151,773,177,2023]" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">
This taxon was described in a gyne from near Eberswalde (
<collectingCountry box="[232,337,1649,1671]" name="Germany" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">Germany</collectingCountry>
) under the unavailable name
<treatmentCitation pageId="36" pageNumber="169">
<taxonomicName authority="KRAUSSE, 1926" authorityName="Nylander" authorityYear="1846" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="rufa" subSpecies="truncicola" variety="finzii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">Formica rufa</emphasis>
ssp.
<emphasis box="[255,370,1681,1702]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">truncicola</emphasis>
var.
<emphasis bold="true" box="[425,481,1680,1702]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">finzii</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation box="[487,656,1681,1703]" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">KRAUSSE, 1926</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
<typeStatus box="[665,729,1681,1702]" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">Types</typeStatus>
are unknown. Within the four species known to occur in the vicinity of Eberswalde, the description matches the situation in
<taxonomicName authorityName="FABRICIUS" authorityYear="1804" box="[241,390,1777,1798]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="truncorum">
<emphasis box="[241,390,1777,1798]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">F. truncorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

249
data/F5/2B/87/F52B87F65E136167FCF9D9BFFF5C1D18.xml Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,249 @@
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4725634" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b9f36fb1-1c9d-4af8-96ca-d57973b94862" ID-GBIF-Taxon="189107712" ID-ISSN="1997-3500" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4725634" approvalRequired="1" checkinTime="1619623649741" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Seifert, Bernhard" docDate="2021" docId="F52B87F65E136167FCF9D9BFFF5C1D18" docLanguage="en" docName="myrmecNews.31_133-179_printable.pdf" docOrigin="Myrmecological News 31" docSource="http://zoobank.org/0e55c0d7-531a-48d7-a078-148b96bd461d" docTitle="Formica dusmeti EMERY 1909" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageId="38" lastPageNumber="171" masterDocId="0912FF8E5E366141FFC9DA41FF91193E" masterDocTitle="A taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic members of the Formica rufa group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) - the famous mound-building red wood ants" masterLastPageNumber="179" masterPageNumber="133" pageId="37" pageNumber="170" updateTime="1643400285664" updateUser="diego">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>A taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic members of the Formica rufa group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) - the famous mound-building red wood ants</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Seifert, Bernhard</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Myrmecological News</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2021-04-28</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>31</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>133</mods:start>
<mods:end>179</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://zoobank.org/0e55c0d7-531a-48d7-a078-148b96bd461d</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.25849/myrmecol.news_031:133</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">b9f36fb1-1c9d-4af8-96ca-d57973b94862</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1997-3500</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">5582216</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">0E55C0D7-531A-48D7-A078-148B96BD461D</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4725634" ID-GBIF-Taxon="189107712" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4725634" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F52B87F65E136167FCF9D9BFFF5C1D18" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F52B87F65E136167FCF9D9BFFF5C1D18" lastPageId="38" lastPageNumber="171" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">
<subSubSection box="[816,1278,1022,1050]" pageId="37" pageNumber="170" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="37.[816,1278,1022,1050]" box="[816,1278,1022,1050]" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">
<heading bold="true" box="[816,1278,1022,1050]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="37" pageNumber="170" reason="0">
<treatmentCitation box="[816,1278,1022,1050]" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">
<taxonomicName authority="EMERY, 1909" authorityName="EMERY" authorityYear="1909" box="[816,1278,1022,1050]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dusmeti">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[816,1278,1022,1050]" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[816,1080,1022,1050]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">Formica dusmeti</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="EMERY" box="[1087,1278,1024,1050]" firstAuthor="EMERY" journalOrPublisher="Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift" pageId="37" pageNumber="170" pagination="179 - 204" part="1909" refId="ref45407" refString="EMERY, C. 1909: Beitrage zur Monographie der Formiciden des Palaarktischen Faunengebietes. 7. - Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 1909: 179 - 204." title="Beitrage zur Monographie der Formiciden des Palaarktischen Faunengebietes" type="journal article" year="1909">EMERY, 1909</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="37" pageNumber="170" type="reference_group">
<paragraph blockId="37.[816,1437,1073,2024]" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">
<treatmentCitation box="[816,1270,1073,1094]" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">
<taxonomicName authority="EMERY, 1909" authorityName="EMERY" authorityYear="1909" box="[816,1270,1073,1094]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="rufa" subSpecies="dusmeti">
<emphasis box="[816,968,1073,1094]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">Formica rufa</emphasis>
ssp.
<emphasis box="[1026,1117,1073,1094]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">dusmeti</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="EMERY" box="[1125,1270,1073,1094]" firstAuthor="EMERY" journalOrPublisher="Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift" pageId="37" pageNumber="170" pagination="179 - 204" part="1909" refId="ref45407" refString="EMERY, C. 1909: Beitrage zur Monographie der Formiciden des Palaarktischen Faunengebietes. 7. - Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 1909: 179 - 204." title="Beitrage zur Monographie der Formiciden des Palaarktischen Faunengebietes" type="journal article" year="1909">EMERY, 1909</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
[conception of
<bibRefCitation author="TINAUT &amp; MARTINEZ-IBANEZ" box="[816,1210,1104,1127]" firstAuthor="TINAUT" journalOrPublisher="Graellsia" pageId="37" pageNumber="170" pagination="31 - 41" part="54" refId="ref47472" refString="TINAUT, A. &amp; MARTINEZ-IBANEZ, D. 1998: Taxonomy and distribution of Formica dusmeti EMERY, 1909 and of F. frontalis SANTSCHI, 1919 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). - Graellsia 54: 31 - 41." title="Taxonomy and distribution of Formica dusmeti EMERY, 1909 and of F. frontalis SANTSCHI, 1919 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)" type="journal article" year="1998">TINAUT &amp; MARTINEZ-IBANEZ (1998)</bibRefCitation>
]
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="37" pageNumber="170" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph blockId="37.[816,1437,1073,2024]" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">
The original description reports as
<typeStatus box="[1249,1298,1137,1158]" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">type</typeStatus>
locality and collector: “Peñalosa in
<collectingCountry box="[1063,1156,1169,1191]" name="Spain" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">Spanien</collectingCountry>
;
<specimenCount box="[1165,1302,1169,1191]" pageId="37" pageNumber="170" type="generic">3 Exemplare</specimenCount>
wurden mir von Herrn Dusmet mitgeteilt.”
<collectorName box="[1172,1287,1201,1223]" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">According</collectorName>
to
<bibRefCitation author="TINAUT &amp; MARTINEZ-IBANEZ" firstAuthor="TINAUT" journalOrPublisher="Graellsia" pageId="37" pageNumber="170" pagination="31 - 41" part="54" refId="ref47472" refString="TINAUT, A. &amp; MARTINEZ-IBANEZ, D. 1998: Taxonomy and distribution of Formica dusmeti EMERY, 1909 and of F. frontalis SANTSCHI, 1919 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). - Graellsia 54: 31 - 41." title="Taxonomy and distribution of Formica dusmeti EMERY, 1909 and of F. frontalis SANTSCHI, 1919 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)" type="journal article" year="1998">TINAUT &amp; MARTINEZ-IBANEZ (1998)</bibRefCitation>
, there is obviously a misspelling of the site as the
<specimenCount box="[992,1114,1265,1287]" pageId="37" pageNumber="170" type="worker">two worker</specimenCount>
specimens in the
<collectorName box="[1305,1391,1265,1286]" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">Dusmet</collectorName>
collection in
<collectionCode box="[921,997,1297,1318]" country="Spain" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35275" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35275" name="Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales" pageId="37" pageNumber="170" type="Museum">MNCN</collectionCode>
<collectingRegion box="[1002,1083,1297,1319]" country="Spain" name="Madrid" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">Madrid</collectingRegion>
bear labels indicating “Peñalara” as the collecting site.
<collectingCounty box="[1061,1208,1329,1351]" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">Furthermore</collectingCounty>
, TINAUT &amp; MARTIN- EZ-IBANEZ (1998) quoted
<taxonomicName authorityName="EMERY" authorityYear="1909" box="[1112,1234,1361,1382]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dusmeti">
<emphasis box="[1112,1234,1361,1382]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">F. dusmeti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to be frequent at
<collectingMunicipality box="[816,913,1393,1415]" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">Peñalara</collectingMunicipality>
(
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F52B87F65E136167FCF9D9BFFF5C1D18:785D603B5E136164FC57DF30FBF61CB9" box="[926,1127,1393,1415]" country="Spain" county="Furthermore" municipality="Penalara" name="Sierra de Penalara" pageId="37" pageNumber="170" stateProvince="Madrid">
Sierra
<collectorName box="[998,1127,1393,1415]" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">de Peñalara</collectorName>
</location>
) but to be absent from
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F52B87F65E136167FCF9D9BFFF5C1D18:785D603B5E136164FA97DF30FCCD1C99" country="Spain" county="Furthermore" municipality="Penalara" name="Penalosa" pageId="37" pageNumber="170" stateProvince="Madrid">Peñalosa</location>
and surrounding areas in the province of
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F52B87F65E136167FCF9D9BFFF5C1D18:785D603B5E136164FAEEDFD0FA191C99" box="[1319,1416,1425,1447]" country="Spain" county="Furthermore" municipality="Penalara" name="Cordoba" pageId="37" pageNumber="170" stateProvince="Madrid">Cordoba</location>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="37.[816,1437,1073,2024]" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">
All material examined. Numeric phenotypical data were recorded in three samples with
<specimenCount box="[1281,1436,1489,1511]" pageId="37" pageNumber="170" type="worker">seven workers</specimenCount>
from
<collectingCountry box="[876,942,1521,1543]" name="Spain" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">Spain</collectingCountry>
.
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F52B87F65E136167FCF9D9BFFF5C1D18:785D603B5E136164FC71DFB0FC4C1F38" box="[952,989,1521,1542]" country="Spain" name="For" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">For</location>
details, see SI1, SI2, and SI3.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="37" pageNumber="170" type="distribution">
<paragraph blockId="37.[816,1437,1073,2024]" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">
Geographical range. According to
<bibRefCitation author="TINAUT &amp; MARTINEZ-IBANEZ" firstAuthor="TINAUT" journalOrPublisher="Graellsia" pageId="37" pageNumber="170" pagination="31 - 41" part="54" refId="ref47472" refString="TINAUT, A. &amp; MARTINEZ-IBANEZ, D. 1998: Taxonomy and distribution of Formica dusmeti EMERY, 1909 and of F. frontalis SANTSCHI, 1919 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). - Graellsia 54: 31 - 41." title="Taxonomy and distribution of Formica dusmeti EMERY, 1909 and of F. frontalis SANTSCHI, 1919 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)" type="journal article" year="1998">TINAUT &amp; MARTINEZ-IBANEZ (1998)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation author="ESPADALER &amp; GOMEZ" box="[1139,1435,1585,1607]" firstAuthor="ESPADALER" journalOrPublisher="Annales Zoologici" pageId="37" pageNumber="170" pagination="39 - 41" part="50" refId="ref45434" refString="ESPADALER, X. &amp; GOMEZ, C. 2000: Formica dusmeti EMERY, 1909, an Iberian endemic ant species: description of the male and distribution (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). - Annales Zoologici 50: 39 - 41." title="Formica dusmeti EMERY, 1909, an Iberian endemic ant species: description of the male and distribution (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)" type="journal article" year="2000">ESPADALER &amp; GOMEZ (2000)</bibRefCitation>
restricted to
<collectingCountry box="[955,1021,1617,1639]" name="Georgia" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">Iberia</collectingCountry>
with main occurrence in the northern part of the Peninsula. The altitude of seven sites was 1573 ±
<quantity box="[838,903,1681,1703]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.61" pageId="37" pageNumber="170" unit="m" value="261.0">261 m</quantity>
, which is higher than in
<taxonomicName authorityName="SANTSCHI" authorityYear="1919" box="[1173,1368,1681,1702]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frontalis">
<emphasis box="[1173,1368,1681,1702]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">Formica frontalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="38" lastPageNumber="171" pageId="37" pageNumber="170" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph blockId="37.[816,1437,1073,2024]" lastBlockId="38.[151,773,177,1062]" lastPageId="38" lastPageNumber="171" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">
Diagnosis of worker (
<tableCitation box="[1193,1280,1712,1735]" captionStart="Tab" captionStartId="15.[151,191,177,199]" captionTargetBox="[157,1428,288,1993]" captionTargetId="graphics-48@15.[150,1436,281,2018]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Tab.5: Workers of the Formica truncorum species complex; head size and RAV-corrected data for the assumption of each individual having a head size of 1750 µm; data given as arithmetic mean ± standard deviation (lower extreme, upper extreme) number of individuals." pageId="37" pageNumber="170">Tab. 5</tableCitation>
, key). Medium-sized, mean and maximum
<collectionCode box="[1190,1220,1745,1766]" country="France" name="Musee des Dinosaures d'Esperaza (Aude)" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">CS</collectionCode>
1706 and
<quantity box="[1336,1433,1745,1766]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.074" pageId="37" pageNumber="170" unit="mm" value="2074.0">2074 µm</quantity>
. Head elongated,
<collectionCode box="[1001,1032,1777,1798]" country="Romania" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15579" name="Babes-Bolyai University" pageId="37" pageNumber="170" type="Herbarium">CL</collectionCode>
/ CW
<subScript attach="left" box="[1097,1135,1786,1800]" fontSize="6" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">1750</subScript>
1.113. Clypeal structure as in
<taxonomicName authorityName="FABRICIUS" authorityYear="1804" box="[846,1071,1809,1830]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="truncorum">
<emphasis box="[846,1071,1809,1830]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">Formica truncorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Scape very long and slender,
<collectionCode box="[1408,1436,1809,1830]" country="Sierra Leone" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14608" name="University of Sierra Leone, Njala University College" pageId="37" pageNumber="170" type="Herbarium">SL</collectionCode>
/
<collectionCode box="[834,863,1841,1862]" country="France" name="Musee des Dinosaures d'Esperaza (Aude)" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">CS</collectionCode>
<subScript attach="left" box="[863,901,1850,1864]" fontSize="6" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">1750</subScript>
1.001,
<collectionCode box="[980,1008,1841,1862]" country="Sierra Leone" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14608" name="University of Sierra Leone, Njala University College" pageId="37" pageNumber="170" type="Herbarium">SL</collectionCode>
/ Smax
<subScript attach="left" box="[1093,1131,1850,1864]" fontSize="6" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">1750</subScript>
11.08. Petiole scale narrow, PeW /
<collectionCode box="[892,921,1873,1894]" country="France" name="Musee des Dinosaures d'Esperaza (Aude)" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">CS</collectionCode>
<subScript attach="left" box="[921,959,1882,1896]" fontSize="6" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">1750</subScript>
0.438. Eyes without or with only short microsetae, EyeHL
<subScript attach="left" box="[1000,1039,1914,1928]" fontSize="6" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">1750</subScript>
<quantity box="[1047,1117,1905,1926]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="37" pageNumber="170" unit="mm" value="14.0">14 µm</quantity>
. Dorsal plane of scape completely without setae, nSc
<subScript attach="left" box="[1098,1136,1946,1960]" fontSize="6" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">1750</subScript>
0.0. Setae number on each place of the body strongly reduced, clearly smaller than in
<taxonomicName authorityName="SANTSCHI" authorityYear="1919" box="[847,1048,2001,2022]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frontalis">
<emphasis box="[847,1048,2001,2022]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">Formica frontalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, nCH
<subScript attach="left" box="[1114,1152,2010,2024]" fontSize="6" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">1750</subScript>
0.0, nGu
<subScript attach="left" box="[1257,1295,2010,2024]" fontSize="6" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">1750</subScript>
0.0, nPn
<subScript attach="left" box="[1398,1436,2010,2024]" fontSize="6" pageId="37" pageNumber="170">1750</subScript>
0.3, nMes
<subScript attach="left" box="[257,295,186,200]" fontSize="6" pageId="38" pageNumber="171">1750</subScript>
2.4, nPr
<subScript attach="left" box="[383,421,186,200]" fontSize="6" pageId="38" pageNumber="171">1750</subScript>
0.8, nMet
<subScript attach="left" box="[530,568,186,200]" fontSize="6" pageId="38" pageNumber="171">1750</subScript>
0.4; when present, setae are short or of medium length, GuHL
<subScript attach="left" box="[638,676,218,232]" fontSize="6" pageId="38" pageNumber="171">1750</subScript>
<quantity box="[684,767,209,231]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.56" pageId="38" pageNumber="171" unit="mm" value="156.0">156 µm</quantity>
, mPnHL
<subScript attach="left" box="[236,273,250,264]" fontSize="6" pageId="38" pageNumber="171">1750</subScript>
<quantity box="[278,344,241,262]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="38" pageNumber="171" unit="mm" value="18.0">18µm</quantity>
, MetHL
<subScript attach="left" box="[430,467,250,264]" fontSize="6" pageId="38" pageNumber="171">1750</subScript>
<quantity box="[471,539,241,262]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" pageId="38" pageNumber="171" unit="mm" value="28.0">28µm</quantity>
. Typical pigmentation in medium-sized to large workers: whole head, mesosoma, petiole, and frontal part of first gaster segment light or- ange brown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="38.[151,773,177,1062]" box="[189,657,369,391]" pageId="38" pageNumber="171">Diagnosis of gyne. Unknown to me.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="38" pageNumber="171" type="discussion">
<paragraph blockId="38.[151,773,177,1062]" pageId="38" pageNumber="171">
Taxonomic comments and clustering results. I maintain here the concept of TINAUT &amp; MAR- TINEZ-IBANEZ (1998), who separated
<taxonomicName authorityName="EMERY" authorityYear="1909" box="[541,726,465,486]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dusmeti">
<emphasis box="[541,726,465,486]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="171">Formica dusmeti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName authorityName="SANTSCHI" authorityYear="1919" box="[151,347,497,518]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frontalis">
<emphasis box="[151,347,497,518]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="171">Formica frontalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
workers based on strong differences in setae numbers on pronotum, hind margin, and underside of head. This is basically confirmed by the data given in
<tableCitation box="[151,234,592,615]" captionStart="Tab" captionStartId="15.[151,191,177,199]" captionTargetBox="[157,1428,288,1993]" captionTargetId="graphics-48@15.[150,1436,281,2018]" captionText="Tab.5: Workers of the Formica truncorum species complex; head size and RAV-corrected data for the assumption of each individual having a head size of 1750 µm; data given as arithmetic mean ± standard deviation (lower extreme, upper extreme) number of individuals." pageId="38" pageNumber="171">Table 5</tableCitation>
. Using these data, the first principal component provided a clear separation of
<specimenCount box="[481,571,625,646]" pageId="38" pageNumber="171" type="generic">
seven
<taxonomicName authorityName="EMERY" authorityYear="1909" box="[549,664,625,646]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dusmeti">
<emphasis box="[549,664,625,646]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="171">F. dusmeti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</specimenCount>
and
<specimenCount box="[717,773,624,646]" pageId="38" pageNumber="171" type="generic">
25
<taxonomicName authorityName="SANTSCHI" authorityYear="1919" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frontalis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="171">F. frontalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</specimenCount>
workers. However, the sample size is low, and considering the extreme intraspecific variation of pilosity data known in several species of the
<taxonomicName authorityName="LINNAEUS" authorityYear="1761" box="[547,695,721,742]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufa">
<emphasis box="[547,695,721,742]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="171">Formica rufa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group, a thorough morphometric and genetic study is desired. Xavier Espadaler (pers. comm.
<date box="[512,624,785,807]" pageId="38" pageNumber="171" value="2020-07">July 2020</date>
) commented that some Portuguese and West Spanish populations of
<taxonomicName authorityName="EMERY" authorityYear="1909" box="[151,269,849,870]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dusmeti">
<emphasis box="[151,269,849,870]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="171">F. dusmeti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName authorityName="SANTSCHI" authorityYear="1919" box="[326,449,849,870]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frontalis">
<emphasis box="[326,449,849,870]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="171">F. frontalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
appeared to be intermediate in pilosity data.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="38" pageNumber="171" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph blockId="38.[151,773,177,1062]" pageId="38" pageNumber="171">
Biology.
<bibRefCitation author="TINAUT &amp; MARTINEZ-IBANEZ" box="[315,699,913,935]" firstAuthor="TINAUT" journalOrPublisher="Graellsia" pageId="38" pageNumber="171" pagination="31 - 41" part="54" refId="ref47472" refString="TINAUT, A. &amp; MARTINEZ-IBANEZ, D. 1998: Taxonomy and distribution of Formica dusmeti EMERY, 1909 and of F. frontalis SANTSCHI, 1919 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). - Graellsia 54: 31 - 41." title="Taxonomy and distribution of Formica dusmeti EMERY, 1909 and of F. frontalis SANTSCHI, 1919 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)" type="journal article" year="1998">TINAUT &amp; MARTINEZ-IBANEZ (1998)</bibRefCitation>
report as main habitat conifer woodland, but it has also been found in open situations under large rocks and stone plates. Alates were observed between 14 June and 4 August.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

422
data/F5/2B/87/F52B87F65E146162FF5EDC5FFCEC1A39.xml Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,422 @@
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5587866" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b9f36fb1-1c9d-4af8-96ca-d57973b94862" ID-GBIF-Taxon="189107711" ID-ISSN="1997-3500" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5587866" approvalRequired="1" checkinTime="1619623649741" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Seifert, Bernhard" docDate="2021" docId="F52B87F65E146162FF5EDC5FFCEC1A39" docLanguage="en" docName="myrmecNews.31_133-179_printable.pdf" docOrigin="Myrmecological News 31" docSource="http://zoobank.org/0e55c0d7-531a-48d7-a078-148b96bd461d" docTitle="Formica paralugubris SEIFERT 1996" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageId="35" lastPageNumber="168" masterDocId="0912FF8E5E366141FFC9DA41FF91193E" masterDocTitle="A taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic members of the Formica rufa group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) - the famous mound-building red wood ants" masterLastPageNumber="179" masterPageNumber="133" pageId="34" pageNumber="167" updateTime="1643400285664" updateUser="diego">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>A taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic members of the Formica rufa group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) - the famous mound-building red wood ants</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Seifert, Bernhard</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Myrmecological News</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2021-04-28</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>31</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>133</mods:start>
<mods:end>179</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://zoobank.org/0e55c0d7-531a-48d7-a078-148b96bd461d</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.25849/myrmecol.news_031:133</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">b9f36fb1-1c9d-4af8-96ca-d57973b94862</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1997-3500</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">5582216</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">0E55C0D7-531A-48D7-A078-148B96BD461D</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5587866" ID-GBIF-Taxon="189107711" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5587866" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F52B87F65E146162FF5EDC5FFCEC1A39" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F52B87F65E146162FF5EDC5FFCEC1A39" lastPageId="35" lastPageNumber="168" pageId="34" pageNumber="167">
<subSubSection box="[151,710,1566,1594]" pageId="34" pageNumber="167" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="34.[151,710,1566,1594]" box="[151,710,1566,1594]" pageId="34" pageNumber="167">
<heading bold="true" box="[151,710,1566,1594]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="34" pageNumber="167" reason="0">
<treatmentCitation box="[151,710,1566,1594]" pageId="34" pageNumber="167">
<taxonomicName authority="SEIFERT, 1996" authorityName="SEIFERT" authorityYear="1996" box="[151,710,1566,1594]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paralugubris">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,710,1566,1594]" pageId="34" pageNumber="167">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,495,1566,1594]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="167">Formica paralugubris</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation box="[502,710,1567,1594]" pageId="34" pageNumber="167">SEIFERT, 1996</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection box="[151,771,1616,1639]" pageId="34" pageNumber="167" type="reference_group">
<paragraph blockId="34.[151,772,1616,2023]" box="[151,771,1616,1639]" pageId="34" pageNumber="167">
<treatmentCitation box="[151,556,1617,1639]" pageId="34" pageNumber="167">
<taxonomicName authority="SEIFERT, 1996" authorityName="SEIFERT" authorityYear="1996" box="[151,556,1617,1639]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paralugubris">
<emphasis box="[151,398,1617,1638]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="167">Formica paralugubris</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation box="[403,556,1617,1639]" pageId="34" pageNumber="167">SEIFERT, 1996</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
[
<typeStatus box="[567,618,1617,1638]" pageId="34" pageNumber="167">type</typeStatus>
investigation]
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="34" pageNumber="167" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph blockId="34.[151,772,1616,2023]" pageId="34" pageNumber="167">
<collectingCounty box="[189,237,1649,1671]" pageId="34" pageNumber="167">This</collectingCounty>
taxon was described from the
<collectingMunicipality box="[573,635,1649,1671]" pageId="34" pageNumber="167">Swiss</collectingMunicipality>
<collectingRegion box="[642,691,1649,1670]" country="Switzerland" name="Jura" pageId="34" pageNumber="167">Jura</collectingRegion>
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F52B87F65E146162FF5EDC5FFCEC1A39:785D603B5E146163FD70DC30FF5F1F99" county="This" latitude="46.537" longLatPrecision="67" longitude="6.192" municipality="Swiss" name="Mountains" pageId="34" pageNumber="167" stateProvince="Jura">Mountains</location>
(
<geoCoordinate box="[222,339,1680,1702]" degrees="46.537" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="34" pageNumber="167" precision="55" value="46.537">46.537° N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate box="[351,449,1681,1703]" degrees="6.192" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="34" pageNumber="167" precision="55" value="6.192">
6.192°
<bibRefCitation box="[430,516,1680,1702]" pageId="34" pageNumber="167">
E,
<quantity box="[462,540,1680,1702]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.45" pageId="34" pageNumber="167" unit="m" value="1450.0">
<elevation box="[462,540,1680,1702]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.45" pageId="34" pageNumber="167" unit="m" value="1450.0">1450 m</elevation>
</quantity>
</bibRefCitation>
</geoCoordinate>
).
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F52B87F65E146162FF5EDC5FFCEC1A39:785D603B5E146163FDFADCD0FDCC1F99" box="[563,605,1681,1703]" county="This" latitude="46.537" longLatPrecision="67" longitude="6.192" municipality="Swiss" name="The" pageId="34" pageNumber="167" stateProvince="Jura">The</location>
<typeStatus box="[613,710,1681,1703]" pageId="34" pageNumber="167">holotype</typeStatus>
gyne is labelled “SWI:
<collectingRegion box="[344,397,1713,1734]" country="Switzerland" name="Jura" pageId="34" pageNumber="167">Jura</collectingRegion>
: 1994.06, Le Brassus-5SSW, Chalet a Roch Field Stat., nest G5” and depicted in
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F52B87F65E146162FF5EDC5FFCEC1A39:785D603B5E146163FD62DC90FC921FD9" box="[683,771,1745,1767]" county="This" latitude="46.537" longLatPrecision="67" longitude="6.192" municipality="Swiss" name="AntWeb" pageId="34" pageNumber="167" stateProvince="Jura">AntWeb</location>
(
<bibRefCitation accessDate="2021-01-15" author="ANTWEB" box="[160,324,1777,1799]" firstAuthor="ANTWEB" pageId="34" pageNumber="167" publicationUrl="https://www.antweb.org&gt;" refId="ref44610" refString="ANTWEB 2021: AntWeb Version 8.54. 4. - &lt;https: // www. antweb. org&gt;, retrieved on 15 January 2021." title="AntWeb Version 8.54. 4." type="url" year="2021">
<specimenCode box="[160,324,1777,1799]" collectionCode="ANTWEB" pageId="34" pageNumber="167">ANTWEB 2021</specimenCode>
</bibRefCitation>
) under the unique specimen identifier
<specimenCode box="[151,292,1809,1831]" collectionCode="FOCOL" pageId="34" pageNumber="167">FOCOL0762</specimenCode>
. Investigated was all type material, consisting of five gynes and
<specimenCount box="[381,502,1841,1863]" pageId="34" pageNumber="167" type="worker">34 workers</specimenCount>
from the nests G1-G5 of the
<typeStatus box="[192,288,1873,1895]" pageId="34" pageNumber="167">holotype</typeStatus>
supercolony, collected in the years 1993 and 1994. Depository SMN Görlitz.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="34.[151,772,1616,2023]" lastBlockId="34.[816,1438,177,2023]" pageId="34" pageNumber="167">
All material examined. Numeric phenotypical data were recorded in 73 nest samples with
<specimenCount box="[636,771,1968,1991]" pageId="34" pageNumber="167" type="worker">355 workers</specimenCount>
and in 53 gynes.
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F52B87F65E146162FF5EDC5FFCEC1A39:785D603B5E146163FE99DD90FE011ED9" box="[336,400,2001,2023]" country="Austria" name="These" pageId="34" pageNumber="167">These</location>
originated from
<collectingCountry box="[584,666,2001,2023]" name="Austria" pageId="34" pageNumber="167">Austria</collectingCountry>
(six samples),
<collectingCountry box="[882,965,177,199]" name="Canada" pageId="34" pageNumber="167">Canada</collectingCountry>
(two),
<collectingCountry box="[1044,1120,177,198]" name="France" pageId="34" pageNumber="167">France</collectingCountry>
(two),
<collectingCountry box="[1199,1302,177,198]" name="Germany" pageId="34" pageNumber="167">Germany</collectingCountry>
(four),
<collectingCountry box="[1386,1436,177,199]" name="Italy" pageId="34" pageNumber="167">Italy</collectingCountry>
(three), and
<collectingCountry box="[949,1080,209,231]" name="Switzerland" pageId="34" pageNumber="167">Switzerland</collectingCountry>
(58).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="34" pageNumber="167" type="distribution">
<paragraph blockId="34.[816,1438,177,2023]" pageId="34" pageNumber="167">
Geographical range. Its natural range is rather small and extends over the montane-subalpine zone of the Jura Mountains and western Alps between
<geoCoordinate box="[1341,1387,305,327]" degrees="6" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="34" pageNumber="167" precision="55555" value="6.0">6° E</geoCoordinate>
and
<geoCoordinate box="[816,894,336,358]" degrees="11.5" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="34" pageNumber="167" precision="5555" value="11.5">11.5° E</geoCoordinate>
with a small exclave in the southern Schwarzwald /
<collectingCountry box="[836,941,369,390]" name="Germany" pageId="34" pageNumber="167">Germany</collectingCountry>
. In the Alps, it ascends to
<quantity box="[1243,1325,369,390]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="34" pageNumber="167" unit="m" value="2300.0">2300 m</quantity>
. A colony artificially introduced to
<collectingRegion box="[1082,1163,401,423]" country="Canada" name="Quebec" pageId="34" pageNumber="167">Quebec</collectingRegion>
/
<collectingCountry box="[1184,1266,401,423]" name="Canada" pageId="34" pageNumber="167">Canada</collectingCountry>
in 1971 showed continuous growth to supercolonial size over 34 years (
<bibRefCitation author="SEIFERT" box="[825,988,465,487]" firstAuthor="SEIFERT" journalOrPublisher="Myrmecological News" pageId="34" pageNumber="167" pagination="11 - 20" part="22" refId="ref46851" refString="SEIFERT, B. 2016 a: The supercolonial European wood ant Formica paralugubris SEIFERT, 1996 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) introduced to Canada and its predicted role in Nearctic forests. - Myrmecological News 22: 11 - 20." title="The supercolonial European wood ant Formica paralugubris SEIFERT, 1996 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) introduced to Canada and its predicted role in Nearctic forests" type="journal article" year="2016" yearSuffix="a">SEIFERT 2016a</bibRefCitation>
). Artificial introductions of wood ants to at least 42 localities over entire
<collectingCountry box="[1172,1222,497,519]" name="Italy" pageId="34" pageNumber="167">Italy</collectingCountry>
south to
<collectingRegion box="[1328,1387,497,519]" country="Italy" name="Sicilia" pageId="34" pageNumber="167">Sicily</collectingRegion>
and west to
<collectingRegion box="[899,993,529,551]" country="Italy" name="Sardegna" pageId="34" pageNumber="167">Sardinia</collectingRegion>
were performed in the years 1959 - 1967 (e.g.,
<bibRefCitation author="PAVAN" box="[873,1002,560,582]" firstAuthor="PAVAN" journalOrPublisher="Collana Verde" pageId="34" pageNumber="167" pagination="1 - 78" part="4" refId="ref46259" refString="PAVAN, M. 1959: Attivita' Italiana per la lotta biologica con formiche del gruppo Formica rufa contro gli insetti dannosi alle foreste. - Collana Verde 4: 1 - 78." title="Attivita' Italiana per la lotta biologica con formiche del gruppo Formica rufa contro gli insetti dannosi alle foreste" type="journal article" year="1959">PAVAN 1959</bibRefCitation>
). In that time, the transferred ants were classified as
<taxonomicName box="[956,1151,593,614]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lugubris">
<emphasis box="[956,1151,593,614]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="167">Formica lugubris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. However, it is very likely that the vast majority of these introductions really involved
<taxonomicName authorityName="SEIFERT" authorityYear="1996" box="[816,1063,657,678]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paralugubris">
<emphasis box="[816,1063,657,678]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="167">Formica paralugubris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as it was confirmed for five sites in the North Apennine (
<bibRefCitation author="MASONI" box="[1051,1256,688,711]" etAl="&amp; al." firstAuthor="MASONI" journalOrPublisher="Conservation Genetics Resources" pageId="34" pageNumber="167" pagination="231 - 236" part="11" refId="ref46151" refString="MASONI, A., FRIZZI, F., NATALI, C., BERNASCONI, C., CIOFI, C. &amp; SANTINI, G. 2019: Molecular identification of imported red wood ant populations in the Foreste Casentinesi National Park (Italy). - Conservation Genetics Resources 11: 231 - 236." title="Molecular identification of imported red wood ant populations in the Foreste Casentinesi National Park (Italy)" type="journal article" year="2019">
<collectionCode box="[1051,1139,689,710]" pageId="34" pageNumber="167">MASONI</collectionCode>
&amp; al. 2019
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="34" pageNumber="167" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph blockId="34.[816,1438,177,2023]" pageId="34" pageNumber="167">
Diagnosis of worker (
<tableCitation box="[1182,1268,720,742]" captionStart="Tab" captionStartId="14.[151,192,177,199]" captionTargetBox="[157,1428,288,1993]" captionTargetId="graphics-61@14.[151,1437,281,2018]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Tab.4: Workers of Formica aquilonia, Formica paralugubris, Formica aquilonia × paralugubris, and collected data of all Palaearctic phenotypes of Formica lugubris; head size and RAV-corrected data for the assumption of each individual having a head size of 1750µm; data given as arithmetic mean ± standard deviation (lower extreme, upper extreme) number of individuals." pageId="34" pageNumber="167">Tab. 4</tableCitation>
, key). Minimum size, mean and maximum
<collectionCode box="[1146,1176,753,774]" country="France" name="Musee des Dinosaures d'Esperaza (Aude)" pageId="34" pageNumber="167">CS</collectionCode>
1680 and
<quantity box="[1279,1346,753,774]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.02" pageId="34" pageNumber="167" unit="m" value="2020.0">2020µ</quantity>
m.Head rather short, CL / CW
<subScript attach="left" box="[1062,1100,794,808]" fontSize="6" pageId="34" pageNumber="167">1750</subScript>
1.091. Scape rather short and thickset, SL /
<collectionCode box="[961,990,817,838]" country="France" name="Musee des Dinosaures d'Esperaza (Aude)" pageId="34" pageNumber="167">CS</collectionCode>
<subScript attach="left" box="[990,1027,826,840]" fontSize="6" pageId="34" pageNumber="167">1750</subScript>
0.902, SL / Smax
<subScript attach="left" box="[1210,1247,826,840]" fontSize="6" pageId="34" pageNumber="167">1750</subScript>
9.22. Eyes always with long microsetae, EyeHL
<subScript attach="left" box="[1130,1168,858,872]" fontSize="6" pageId="34" pageNumber="167">1750</subScript>
<quantity box="[1174,1244,849,870]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4" pageId="34" pageNumber="167" unit="mm" value="34.0">34µm</quantity>
. Setae number on dorsal plane of scape variable but on average higher than in Alpine
<taxonomicName box="[920,1111,913,934]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lugubris">
<emphasis box="[920,1111,913,934]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="167">Formica lugubris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, nSc
<subScript attach="left" box="[1163,1201,922,936]" fontSize="6" pageId="34" pageNumber="167">1750</subScript>
5.2. Posterior margin and underside of head always with conspicuous setae, nCH
<subScript attach="left" box="[866,904,986,1000]" fontSize="6" pageId="34" pageNumber="167">1750</subScript>
24.9, OccHL
<subScript attach="left" box="[1044,1082,986,1000]" fontSize="6" pageId="34" pageNumber="167">1750</subScript>
<quantity box="[1089,1171,977,998]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.08" pageId="34" pageNumber="167" unit="mm" value="108.0">108 µm</quantity>
, nGu
<subScript attach="left" box="[1227,1265,986,1000]" fontSize="6" pageId="34" pageNumber="167">1750</subScript>
14.2, GuHL
<subScript attach="left" box="[1398,1436,986,1000]" fontSize="6" pageId="34" pageNumber="167">1750</subScript>
<quantity box="[816,898,1009,1031]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.64" pageId="34" pageNumber="167" unit="mm" value="164.0">164µm</quantity>
. Mean length of pronotal setae, number and length of metapleural setae on average lower than in morph A1 of Alpine
<taxonomicName box="[930,1056,1073,1094]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lugubris">
<emphasis box="[930,1056,1073,1094]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="167">F. lugubris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, mPnHL
<subScript attach="left" box="[1161,1200,1082,1096]" fontSize="6" pageId="34" pageNumber="167">1750</subScript>
<quantity box="[1208,1279,1073,1094]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.8" pageId="34" pageNumber="167" unit="mm" value="78.0">78 µm</quantity>
, nMet
<subScript attach="left" box="[1352,1391,1082,1096]" fontSize="6" pageId="34" pageNumber="167">1750</subScript>
7.7, MetHL
<subScript attach="left" box="[895,933,1114,1128]" fontSize="6" pageId="34" pageNumber="167">1750</subScript>
<quantity box="[939,1022,1105,1127]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.54" pageId="34" pageNumber="167" unit="mm" value="154.0">154 µm</quantity>
. Workers of morph A3 of Alpine
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lugubris">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="167">F. lugubris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are similar in the pilosity condition but have a much larger size, a larger head length index, and a shorter scape.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="34.[816,1438,177,2023]" pageId="34" pageNumber="167">
Diagnosis of gyne (
<tableCitation box="[1173,1262,1201,1223]" captionStart="Tab" captionStartId="17.[151,191,177,199]" captionTargetBox="[158,1429,261,1991]" captionTargetId="graphics-26@17.[151,1436,249,2017]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Tab.7: Gynes of species with richer pilosity; data given as arithmetic mean ± standard deviation (lower extreme, upper extreme) number of individuals." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/29FD66685E276150FF5EDAF0FEEE19D9" pageId="34" pageNumber="167">Tab. 7</tableCitation>
). On average smaller than morph A1 and A3 of Alpine
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lugubris">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="167">Formica lugubris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, mean and maximum
<collectionCode box="[1113,1143,1265,1286]" country="France" name="Musee des Dinosaures d'Esperaza (Aude)" pageId="34" pageNumber="167">CS</collectionCode>
2095 and
<quantity box="[1263,1361,1265,1286]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.238" pageId="34" pageNumber="167" unit="mm" value="2238.0">2238 µm</quantity>
. Scape longer than in morph A3 of Alpine
<taxonomicName box="[1211,1332,1297,1318]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lugubris">
<emphasis box="[1211,1332,1297,1318]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="167">F. lugubris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and very thickset, SL /
<collectionCode box="[968,998,1329,1350]" country="France" name="Musee des Dinosaures d'Esperaza (Aude)" pageId="34" pageNumber="167">CS</collectionCode>
0.805, SL / Smax 7.97. Eyes always with conspicuous microsetae, EyeHL
<quantity box="[1172,1241,1361,1382]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.1" pageId="34" pageNumber="167" unit="mm" value="41.0">41 µm</quantity>
. Setae number on dorsal plane of scape variable but on average higher than in morph A1 and A3 of Alpine
<taxonomicName box="[1116,1235,1425,1446]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lugubris">
<emphasis box="[1116,1235,1425,1446]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="167">F. lugubris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, nSc 6.4. Posterior margin and underside of head always with conspicuous setae, the length of which is lower than in morph A1 but larger than in morph A3 of Alpine
<taxonomicName box="[1193,1313,1521,1542]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lugubris">
<emphasis box="[1193,1313,1521,1542]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="167">F. lugubris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, nCH 23.8, OccHL
<quantity box="[901,982,1553,1574]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.17" pageId="34" pageNumber="167" unit="mm" value="117.0">117 µm</quantity>
, nGu 16.7, GuHL
<quantity box="[1181,1266,1553,1574]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.28" pageId="34" pageNumber="167" unit="mm" value="128.0">128 µm</quantity>
. Pronotal setae shorter than in morph A1 of Alpine
<taxonomicName box="[1215,1336,1585,1606]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lugubris">
<emphasis box="[1215,1336,1585,1606]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="167">F. lugubris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, mPnHL
<quantity box="[816,887,1617,1638]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.8" pageId="34" pageNumber="167" unit="mm" value="88.0">88 µm</quantity>
. Petiole setae fewer and metapleural setae shorter than in morph A1 of Alpine
<taxonomicName box="[1108,1224,1649,1670]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lugubris">
<emphasis box="[1108,1224,1649,1670]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="167">F. lugubris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but more numerous and longer than in morph A3 of Alpine
<taxonomicName box="[1259,1381,1681,1702]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lugubris">
<emphasis box="[1259,1381,1681,1702]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="167">F. lugubris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, nPe 9.2, MetHL
<quantity box="[952,1033,1713,1734]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="34" pageNumber="167" unit="mm" value="110.0">110 µm</quantity>
. Dorsal surface of gaster appears at lower magnification more or less shiny. Dorsum of first gaster tergite usually with weak transverse microripples and with foveolae and pubescence on average more densely packed than in
<taxonomicName authorityName="LINNAEUS" authorityYear="1761" box="[980,1127,1841,1862]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufa">
<emphasis box="[980,1127,1841,1862]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="167">Formica rufa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or
<taxonomicName authorityName="FOERSTER" authorityYear="1850" box="[1159,1365,1840,1862]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polyctena">
<emphasis box="[1159,1365,1840,1862]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="167">Formica polyctena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, FodG
<quantity box="[816,905,1873,1894]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.11" pageId="34" pageNumber="167" unit="mm" value="21.1">21.1 µm</quantity>
, sqPDG
<quantity box="[995,1085,1872,1894]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.62" pageId="34" pageNumber="167" unit="mm" value="4.62">4.62 µm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="35" lastPageNumber="168" pageId="34" pageNumber="167" type="discussion">
<paragraph blockId="34.[816,1438,177,2023]" lastBlockId="35.[816,1438,177,775]" lastPageId="35" lastPageNumber="168" pageId="34" pageNumber="167">
Taxonomic comments and clustering results. Considering the extreme polymorphism in Alpine
<taxonomicName box="[816,1017,1969,1990]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lugubris">
<emphasis box="[816,1017,1969,1990]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="167">Formica lugubris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and the presence of another similar sympatric species
<taxonomicName authority="Seifert, 2021" authorityName="Seifert" authorityYear="2021" box="[1014,1213,2001,2022]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="helvetica" status="sp.n.">
<emphasis box="[1014,1213,2001,2022]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="167">Formica helvetica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1217,1271,2001,2022]" pageId="34" pageNumber="167" rank="species">sp.n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, the separation of
<taxonomicName authorityName="SEIFERT" authorityYear="1996" box="[176,416,1681,1702]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="168" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paralugubris">
<emphasis box="[176,416,1681,1702]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="168">Formica paralugubris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in both workers and gynes should be problematic. I combined 98 nest samples with
<specimenCount pageId="35" pageNumber="168" type="worker">409 workers</specimenCount>
of Alpine
<taxonomicName box="[354,476,1745,1766]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="168" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lugubris">
<emphasis box="[354,476,1745,1766]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="168">F. lugubris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
morphs A1 and A3 and of
<taxonomicName authority="Seifert, 2021" authorityName="Seifert" authorityYear="2021" box="[151,276,1777,1798]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="168" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="helvetica" status="sp.n.">
<emphasis box="[151,276,1777,1798]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="168">F. helvetica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[282,334,1777,1798]" pageId="35" pageNumber="168" rank="species">sp.n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
in class 1, and 70 nest samples with
<specimenCount pageId="35" pageNumber="168" type="worker">323 workers</specimenCount>
of
<taxonomicName authorityName="SEIFERT" authorityYear="1996" box="[277,454,1809,1830]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="168" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paralugubris">
<emphasis box="[277,454,1809,1830]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="168">F. paralugubris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in class 2. A two-class LDA considering the characters
<collectionCode box="[450,483,1841,1862]" country="France" name="Musee des Dinosaures d'Esperaza (Aude)" pageId="35" pageNumber="168">CS</collectionCode>
, CL / CW
<subScript attach="left" box="[591,629,1850,1864]" fontSize="6" pageId="35" pageNumber="168">1750</subScript>
, SL /
<collectionCode box="[697,726,1841,1862]" country="France" name="Musee des Dinosaures d'Esperaza (Aude)" pageId="35" pageNumber="168">CS</collectionCode>
<subScript attach="left" box="[726,764,1850,1864]" fontSize="6" pageId="35" pageNumber="168">1750</subScript>
, SL / Smax
<subScript attach="left" box="[262,300,1882,1896]" fontSize="6" pageId="35" pageNumber="168">1750</subScript>
, PeW /
<collectionCode box="[382,411,1873,1894]" country="France" name="Musee des Dinosaures d'Esperaza (Aude)" pageId="35" pageNumber="168">CS</collectionCode>
<subScript attach="right" box="[412,450,1882,1896]" fontSize="6" pageId="35" pageNumber="168">1750</subScript>
, nSc
<subScript attach="right" box="[501,539,1882,1896]" fontSize="6" pageId="35" pageNumber="168">1750</subScript>
, nCH
<subScript attach="left" box="[600,638,1882,1896]" fontSize="6" pageId="35" pageNumber="168">1750</subScript>
, OccHL
<subScript attach="left" box="[726,764,1882,1896]" fontSize="6" pageId="35" pageNumber="168">1750</subScript>
, mPnHL
<subScript attach="right" box="[237,274,1914,1928]" fontSize="6" pageId="35" pageNumber="168">1750</subScript>
, nMet
<subScript attach="left" box="[341,378,1914,1928]" fontSize="6" pageId="35" pageNumber="168">1750</subScript>
, and MetHL
<subScript attach="left" box="[510,548,1914,1928]" fontSize="6" pageId="35" pageNumber="168">1750</subScript>
classified all samples of
<taxonomicName authorityName="SEIFERT" authorityYear="1996" box="[177,348,1937,1958]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="168" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paralugubris">
<emphasis box="[177,348,1937,1958]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="168">F. paralugubris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 96 samples of the collective cluster correctly. This means a classification error of 1.2% within a total of 168 nest samples. A plot of the first and second factors of a PCA supported the existence of two main clusters class 1 and class 2, and disagreed in 3.0% of the samples with the LDA (
<figureCitation box="[1021,1096,241,263]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="35.[151,186,689,711]" captionTargetBox="[168,756,173,678]" captionTargetId="graphics-662@35.[212,749,177,630]" captionText="Fig.32: Nest-sample means of the first and second principal component of workers of Formica paralugubris (black dots), Formica lugubris morph A1 (squares), F. lugubris morph A3 (triangles), and Formica helvetica sp.n. (rhombs). Eleven phenotypic characters were considered." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5582281" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5582281/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="168">Fig.32</figureCitation>
). The exploratory data analyses NC-part.kmeans, NC-Ward, and NC-NMDS.kmeans suggested two clusters and disagreed with the final species hy- pothesis by 3.6, 4.1, and 3.0%. The clustering by NC-part. hclust was ignored as it splitted into seven clusters and exposed 8.9% indeterminate samples (outliers). As result, we have a sufficiently good separation of
<taxonomicName authorityName="SEIFERT" authorityYear="1996" box="[1263,1437,433,454]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="168" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paralugubris">
<emphasis box="[1263,1437,433,454]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="168">F. paralugubris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
workers by morphology. The distinction of
<taxonomicName authorityName="SEIFERT" authorityYear="1996" box="[1267,1438,465,486]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="168" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paralugubris">
<emphasis box="[1267,1438,465,486]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="168">F.paralugubris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
gynes from those of Alpine
<taxonomicName box="[1107,1225,497,518]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="168" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lugubris">
<emphasis box="[1107,1225,497,518]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="168">F.lugubris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
morphs A1 and A3, and of
<taxonomicName authority="Seifert, 2021" authorityName="Seifert" authorityYear="2021" box="[888,1011,529,550]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="168" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="helvetica" status="sp.n.">
<emphasis box="[888,1011,529,550]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="168">F. helvetica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1016,1068,529,550]" pageId="35" pageNumber="168" rank="species">sp.n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
by a principal component analysis appears also rather clear when the eight characters
<collectionCode box="[1399,1432,561,582]" country="France" name="Musee des Dinosaures d'Esperaza (Aude)" pageId="35" pageNumber="168">CS</collectionCode>
, SL /
<collectionCode box="[871,904,593,614]" country="France" name="Musee des Dinosaures d'Esperaza (Aude)" pageId="35" pageNumber="168">CS</collectionCode>
, SL / Smax, PeW /
<collectionCode box="[1123,1156,593,614]" country="France" name="Musee des Dinosaures d'Esperaza (Aude)" pageId="35" pageNumber="168">CS</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode box="[1167,1205,593,614]" country="France" name="Musee de Lectoure" pageId="35" pageNumber="168">ML</collectionCode>
/
<collectionCode box="[1231,1264,593,614]" country="France" name="Musee des Dinosaures d'Esperaza (Aude)" pageId="35" pageNumber="168">CS</collectionCode>
, nSc, nCH, and OccHL are considered (
<figureCitation box="[1066,1139,625,647]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="35.[151,185,1425,1447]" captionTargetBox="[162,762,903,1407]" captionTargetId="graphics-1075@35.[207,756,912,1364]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="Fig.33: Principalcomponentanalysis of gynesof Formica paralugubris (black dots), Formica lugubris morph A1 (squares), F.lugubris morph A3 (triangles), and Formica helvetica sp.n. (rhombs). Eight phenotypic characters were considered. The placement of the four entities within the plot is similar to that in workers (Fig.32)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5582283" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5582283/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="168">Fig.33</figureCitation>
). Section “Hybrids
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="168" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aquilonia">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="168">Formica aquilonia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
×
<emphasis box="[947,1102,657,678]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="168">
<taxonomicName authorityName="SEIFERT" authorityYear="1996" box="[947,1096,657,678]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="168" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paralugubris">paralugubris</taxonomicName>
”
</emphasis>
(p.175) discusses the situation in hybrids
<taxonomicName box="[933,1065,689,710]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="168" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aquilonia">
<emphasis box="[933,1065,689,710]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="168">F. aquilonia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
×
<taxonomicName authorityName="SEIFERT" authorityYear="1996" box="[1093,1241,689,710]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="168" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paralugubris">
<emphasis box="[1093,1241,689,710]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="168">paralugubris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5582281" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5582281" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5582281/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="168" startId="35.[151,186,689,711]" targetBox="[168,756,173,678]" targetPageId="35">
<paragraph pageId="35" pageNumber="168">
Fig.32: Nest-sample means of the first and second principal component of workers of
<taxonomicName authorityName="SEIFERT" authorityYear="1996" box="[409,639,721,742]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="168" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paralugubris">
<emphasis box="[409,639,721,742]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="168">Formica paralugubris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(black dots),
<taxonomicName box="[151,339,753,774]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="168" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lugubris">
<emphasis box="[151,339,753,774]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="168">Formica lugubris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
morph A1 (squares),
<taxonomicName box="[575,692,753,774]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="168" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lugubris">
<emphasis box="[575,692,753,774]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="168">F. lugubris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
morph A3 (triangles), and
<taxonomicName authority="Seifert, 2021" authorityName="Seifert" authorityYear="2021" box="[349,536,785,806]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="168" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="helvetica" status="sp.n.">
<emphasis box="[349,536,785,806]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="168">Formica helvetica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[543,592,785,806]" pageId="35" pageNumber="168" rank="species">sp.n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(rhombs). Eleven phenotypic characters were considered.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection pageId="35" pageNumber="168" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph blockId="35.[816,1438,177,775]" pageId="35" pageNumber="168">
Biology. See the species profile given by
<bibRefCitation author="SEIFERT" bookContentInfo="408 pp." firstAuthor="SEIFERT" journalOrPublisher="Lutra Verlags- und Vertriebsgesellschaft, Tauer" pageId="35" pageNumber="168" refId="ref46930" refString="SEIFERT, B. 2018: The ants of Central and North Europe. - Lutra Verlags- und Vertriebsgesellschaft, Tauer, 408 pp." title="The ants of Central and North Europe" type="book" year="2018">SEIFERT (2018)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

96
data/F5/2B/87/F52B87F65E156162FC9FDFAEFAAE1E78.xml Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5587868" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b9f36fb1-1c9d-4af8-96ca-d57973b94862" ID-GBIF-Taxon="192710758" ID-ISSN="1997-3500" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5587868" approvalRequired="1" checkinTime="1619623649741" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Seifert, Bernhard" docDate="2021" docId="F52B87F65E156162FC9FDFAEFAAE1E78" docLanguage="en" docName="myrmecNews.31_133-179_printable.pdf" docOrigin="Myrmecological News 31" docSource="http://zoobank.org/0e55c0d7-531a-48d7-a078-148b96bd461d" docTitle="Formica truncicola NYLANDER 1846" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="168" masterDocId="0912FF8E5E366141FFC9DA41FF91193E" masterDocTitle="A taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic members of the Formica rufa group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) - the famous mound-building red wood ants" masterLastPageNumber="179" masterPageNumber="133" pageId="35" pageNumber="168" updateTime="1643400318318" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>A taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic members of the Formica rufa group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) - the famous mound-building red wood ants</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Seifert, Bernhard</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Myrmecological News</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2021-04-28</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>31</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>133</mods:start>
<mods:end>179</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://zoobank.org/0e55c0d7-531a-48d7-a078-148b96bd461d</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.25849/myrmecol.news_031:133</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">b9f36fb1-1c9d-4af8-96ca-d57973b94862</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1997-3500</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">5582216</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">0E55C0D7-531A-48D7-A078-148B96BD461D</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5587868" ID-GBIF-Taxon="192710758" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5587868" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F52B87F65E156162FC9FDFAEFAAE1E78" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F52B87F65E156162FC9FDFAEFAAE1E78" lastPageNumber="168" pageId="35" pageNumber="168">
<subSubSection box="[854,1325,1519,1542]" pageId="35" pageNumber="168" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="35.[816,1437,848,2023]" box="[854,1325,1519,1542]" pageId="35" pageNumber="168">
<treatmentCitation box="[854,1325,1519,1542]" pageId="35" pageNumber="168">
<taxonomicName authority="NYLANDER, 1846" authorityName="NYLANDER" authorityYear="1846" box="[854,1325,1519,1542]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="168" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="truncicola">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[854,1325,1519,1542]" pageId="35" pageNumber="168">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[854,1107,1519,1542]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="168">Formica truncicola</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="NYLANDER" box="[1113,1325,1520,1541]" firstAuthor="NYLANDER" journalOrPublisher="Acta Societatis Scientiarum Fennicae" pageId="35" pageNumber="168" pagination="875 - 944" part="2" refId="ref46210" refString="NYLANDER, W. 1846: Adnotationes in monographiam formicarum borealium Europae. - Acta Societatis Scientiarum Fennicae 2: 875 - 944." title="Adnotationes in monographiam formicarum borealium Europae" type="journal article" year="1846">NYLANDER, 1846</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection box="[816,1436,1552,1575]" pageId="35" pageNumber="168" type="reference_group">
<paragraph blockId="35.[816,1437,848,2023]" box="[816,1436,1552,1575]" pageId="35" pageNumber="168">
<treatmentCitation box="[816,1220,1553,1575]" pageId="35" pageNumber="168">
<taxonomicName authority="NYLANDER, 1846" authorityName="NYLANDER" authorityYear="1846" box="[816,1220,1553,1575]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="168" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="truncicola">
<emphasis box="[816,1030,1553,1574]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="168">Formica truncicola</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="NYLANDER" box="[1035,1220,1553,1575]" firstAuthor="NYLANDER" journalOrPublisher="Acta Societatis Scientiarum Fennicae" pageId="35" pageNumber="168" pagination="875 - 944" part="2" refId="ref46210" refString="NYLANDER, W. 1846: Adnotationes in monographiam formicarum borealium Europae. - Acta Societatis Scientiarum Fennicae 2: 875 - 944." title="Adnotationes in monographiam formicarum borealium Europae" type="journal article" year="1846">NYLANDER, 1846</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
[
<typeStatus box="[1232,1282,1553,1574]" pageId="35" pageNumber="168">type</typeStatus>
investigation]
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="35" pageNumber="168" type="discussion">
<paragraph blockId="35.[816,1437,848,2023]" pageId="35" pageNumber="168">
Investigated were
<specimenCount box="[1055,1156,1585,1607]" pageId="35" pageNumber="168" type="generic">four type</specimenCount>
specimens from
<collectorName pageId="35" pageNumber="168">ZM Helsinki</collectorName>
:
<specimenCount box="[885,1008,1617,1639]" pageId="35" pageNumber="168" type="worker">one worker</specimenCount>
<typeStatus box="[1015,1102,1617,1638]" pageId="35" pageNumber="168">syntype</typeStatus>
pinned together with an alate gyne, both with detached heads glued on a separate cardboard, labelled “Kuusamo \ W.
<collectingRegion box="[1166,1249,1681,1703]" country="Finland" name="Uusimaa" pageId="35" pageNumber="168">Nyland</collectingRegion>
. \ Coll.
<collectingRegion box="[1338,1417,1681,1703]" country="Finland" name="Uusimaa" pageId="35" pageNumber="168">Nyland</collectingRegion>
\
<collectingRegion box="[816,867,1713,1734]" country="Turkey" name="Mus" pageId="35" pageNumber="168">Mus</collectingRegion>
. Zool. H:fors Spec. typ. No 5026
<taxonomicName authority="Nyl." authorityName="NYLANDER" authorityYear="1846" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="168" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="truncicola">Formica truncicola Nyl.</taxonomicName>
”; one alate gyne on another pin with same labels but “...Spec. typ. No 5024”;
<specimenCount box="[1069,1167,1777,1799]" pageId="35" pageNumber="168" type="male">one male</specimenCount>
on a third pin with same labels but “...Spec. typ. No 5025”.
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F52B87F65E156162FC9FDFAEFAAE1E78:785D603B5E156162FB45DD50FB3D1E19" box="[1164,1196,1809,1831]" name="All" pageId="35" pageNumber="168" stateProvince="Uusimaa">All</location>
specimens fully match the established conception
<taxonomicName authorityName="FABRICIUS" authorityYear="1804" box="[1113,1336,1841,1862]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="168" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="truncorum">
<emphasis box="[1113,1336,1841,1862]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="168">Formica truncorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

125
data/F5/2B/87/F52B87F65E156162FCF9D95FFAEC1CD9.xml Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5587868" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b9f36fb1-1c9d-4af8-96ca-d57973b94862" ID-GBIF-Taxon="192710757" ID-ISSN="1997-3500" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5587868" approvalRequired="1" checkinTime="1619623649741" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Seifert, Bernhard" docDate="2021" docId="F52B87F65E156162FCF9D95FFAEC1CD9" docLanguage="en" docName="myrmecNews.31_133-179_printable.pdf" docOrigin="Myrmecological News 31" docSource="http://zoobank.org/0e55c0d7-531a-48d7-a078-148b96bd461d" docTitle="Formica truncorum FABRICIUS 1804" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="168" masterDocId="0912FF8E5E366141FFC9DA41FF91193E" masterDocTitle="A taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic members of the Formica rufa group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) - the famous mound-building red wood ants" masterLastPageNumber="179" masterPageNumber="133" pageId="35" pageNumber="168" updateTime="1643400318318" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>A taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic members of the Formica rufa group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) - the famous mound-building red wood ants</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Seifert, Bernhard</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Myrmecological News</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2021-04-28</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>31</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>133</mods:start>
<mods:end>179</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://zoobank.org/0e55c0d7-531a-48d7-a078-148b96bd461d</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.25849/myrmecol.news_031:133</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">b9f36fb1-1c9d-4af8-96ca-d57973b94862</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1997-3500</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">5582216</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">0E55C0D7-531A-48D7-A078-148B96BD461D</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5587868" ID-GBIF-Taxon="192710757" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5587868" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F52B87F65E156162FCF9D95FFAEC1CD9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F52B87F65E156162FCF9D95FFAEC1CD9" lastPageNumber="168" pageId="35" pageNumber="168">
<subSubSection box="[816,1379,798,826]" pageId="35" pageNumber="168" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="35.[816,1379,798,826]" box="[816,1379,798,826]" pageId="35" pageNumber="168">
<heading bold="true" box="[816,1379,798,826]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="35" pageNumber="168" reason="0">
<treatmentCitation box="[816,1379,798,826]" pageId="35" pageNumber="168">
<taxonomicName authority="FABRICIUS, 1804" authorityName="FABRICIUS" authorityYear="1804" box="[816,1379,798,826]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="168" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="truncorum">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[816,1379,798,826]" pageId="35" pageNumber="168">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[816,1125,798,826]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="168">Formica truncorum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation box="[1132,1379,799,826]" pageId="35" pageNumber="168">FABRICIUS, 1804</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection box="[816,1436,848,870]" pageId="35" pageNumber="168" type="reference_group">
<paragraph blockId="35.[816,1437,848,2023]" box="[816,1436,848,870]" pageId="35" pageNumber="168">
<treatmentCitation box="[816,1220,849,870]" pageId="35" pageNumber="168">
<taxonomicName authority="FABRICIUS, 1804" authorityName="FABRICIUS" authorityYear="1804" box="[816,1220,849,870]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="168" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="truncorum">
<emphasis box="[816,1038,849,870]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="168">Formica truncorum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation box="[1043,1220,849,870]" pageId="35" pageNumber="168">FABRICIUS, 1804</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
[
<typeStatus box="[1232,1282,849,870]" pageId="35" pageNumber="168">type</typeStatus>
investigation]
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="35" pageNumber="168" type="discussion">
<paragraph blockId="35.[816,1437,848,2023]" pageId="35" pageNumber="168">
The taxon was described from
<collectingRegion box="[1172,1261,881,903]" country="Czech Republic" name="Jihomoravsky" pageId="35" pageNumber="168">Moravia</collectingRegion>
/
<collectingCountry box="[1281,1364,881,903]" name="Czech Republic" pageId="35" pageNumber="168">Czechia</collectingCountry>
from a nestinadeadtreetrunk.Investigatedweretwotypespecimens from ZM Copenhagen:
<specimenCount box="[1089,1218,945,967]" pageId="35" pageNumber="168" type="worker">one worker</specimenCount>
labelled “
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="168">
<taxonomicName authorityName="FABRICIUS" authorityYear="1804" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="168" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="truncorum">Formica truncorum</taxonomicName>
403.31 Kiel
</emphasis>
” (a permanent loan from ZM Kiel) and with a handwritten fragmentary label “
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="168">trunca fusca</emphasis>
”, and a strongly damaged alate gyne labelled “
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="168">
<taxonomicName authorityName="FABRICIUS" authorityYear="1804" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="168" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="truncorum">Formica truncorum</taxonomicName>
403.31 Kiel
</emphasis>
” but without a second label. Both specimens are fully consistent with the established conception of
<emphasis box="[974,1132,1137,1158]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="168">
<taxonomicName authorityName="FABRICIUS" authorityYear="1804" box="[974,1128,1137,1158]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="168" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="truncorum">F. truncorum</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
A synonymy with
<taxonomicName authorityName="SANTSCHI" authorityYear="1919" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="168" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frontalis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="168">Formica frontalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is excluded by zoogeography and the higher setae numbers on scape and metapleuron. Data of the worker are:
<collectionCode box="[864,894,1233,1254]" country="France" name="Musee des Dinosaures d'Esperaza (Aude)" pageId="35" pageNumber="168">CS</collectionCode>
<quantity box="[899,994,1232,1254]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.957" pageId="35" pageNumber="168" unit="mm" value="1957.0">1957 µm</quantity>
,
<collectionCode box="[1004,1035,1233,1254]" country="Romania" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15579" name="Babes-Bolyai University" pageId="35" pageNumber="168" type="Herbarium">CL</collectionCode>
/ CW 1.046,
<collectionCode box="[1176,1204,1233,1254]" country="Sierra Leone" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14608" name="University of Sierra Leone, Njala University College" pageId="35" pageNumber="168" type="Herbarium">SL</collectionCode>
/
<collectionCode box="[1227,1257,1233,1254]" country="France" name="Musee des Dinosaures d'Esperaza (Aude)" pageId="35" pageNumber="168">CS</collectionCode>
0.978, PeW /
<collectionCode box="[1406,1436,1233,1254]" country="France" name="Musee des Dinosaures d'Esperaza (Aude)" pageId="35" pageNumber="168">CS</collectionCode>
0.483; nGu 29, OccHL
<quantity box="[1078,1162,1265,1286]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.24" pageId="35" pageNumber="168" unit="mm" value="124.0">124 µm</quantity>
, GuHL
<quantity box="[1251,1335,1265,1286]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="35" pageNumber="168" unit="mm" value="220.0">220 µm</quantity>
, mPnHL
<quantity box="[816,904,1297,1319]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.16" pageId="35" pageNumber="168" unit="mm" value="81.6">81.6 µm</quantity>
, nPr 44.5, nMet 24.5, MetHL
<quantity box="[1233,1312,1297,1318]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="35" pageNumber="168" unit="mm" value="170.0">170 µm</quantity>
(setae data of damaged body parts were estimated and are not given here). The gyne fragment, consisting of the dorsal mesosoma with wings, petiole, both hindlegs, and one foreleg, is a typical reddish
<taxonomicName authorityName="FABRICIUS" authorityYear="1804" box="[1022,1167,1425,1446]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="168" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="truncorum">
<emphasis box="[1022,1167,1425,1446]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="168">F. truncorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with all surfaces covered by a profuse, thin, and very long pilosity. The wings are notably infuscated, matching the original description.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

98
data/F5/2B/87/F52B87F65E156165FC9FDD0EFC951B19.xml Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5587868" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b9f36fb1-1c9d-4af8-96ca-d57973b94862" ID-GBIF-Taxon="192710756" ID-ISSN="1997-3500" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5587868" approvalRequired="1" checkinTime="1619623649741" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Seifert, Bernhard" docDate="2021" docId="F52B87F65E156165FC9FDD0EFC951B19" docLanguage="en" docName="myrmecNews.31_133-179_printable.pdf" docOrigin="Myrmecological News 31" docSource="http://zoobank.org/0e55c0d7-531a-48d7-a078-148b96bd461d" docTitle="Formica truncicolopratensis FOREL 1874" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageId="36" lastPageNumber="168" masterDocId="0912FF8E5E366141FFC9DA41FF91193E" masterDocTitle="A taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic members of the Formica rufa group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) - the famous mound-building red wood ants" masterLastPageNumber="179" masterPageNumber="133" pageId="35" pageNumber="168" updateTime="1643400318318" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>A taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic members of the Formica rufa group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) - the famous mound-building red wood ants</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Seifert, Bernhard</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Myrmecological News</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2021-04-28</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>31</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>133</mods:start>
<mods:end>179</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://zoobank.org/0e55c0d7-531a-48d7-a078-148b96bd461d</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.25849/myrmecol.news_031:133</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">b9f36fb1-1c9d-4af8-96ca-d57973b94862</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1997-3500</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">5582216</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">0E55C0D7-531A-48D7-A078-148B96BD461D</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5587868" ID-GBIF-Taxon="192710756" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5587868" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F52B87F65E156165FC9FDD0EFC951B19" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F52B87F65E156165FC9FDD0EFC951B19" lastPageId="36" lastPageNumber="168" pageId="35" pageNumber="168">
<subSubSection box="[854,1392,1871,1894]" pageId="35" pageNumber="168" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="35.[816,1437,848,2023]" box="[854,1392,1871,1894]" pageId="35" pageNumber="168">
<treatmentCitation box="[854,1392,1871,1894]" pageId="35" pageNumber="168">
<taxonomicName authority="FOREL, 1874" authorityName="FOREL" authorityYear="1874" box="[854,1392,1871,1894]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="168" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="truncicolopratensis">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[854,1392,1871,1894]" pageId="35" pageNumber="168">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[854,1231,1871,1894]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="168">Formica truncicolopratensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="FOREL" box="[1237,1392,1872,1894]" firstAuthor="FOREL" journalOrPublisher="Neue Denkschriften der Allgemeinen Schweizerischen Gesellschaft fur die Gesammten Naturwissenschaften" pageId="35" pageNumber="168" pagination="1 - 452" part="26" refId="ref45478" refString="FOREL, A. 1874: Les fourmis de la Suisse. Systematique, notices anatomiques et physiologiques, architecture, distribution geographique, nouvelles experiences et observations de moeurs. - Neue Denkschriften der Allgemeinen Schweizerischen Gesellschaft fur die Gesammten Naturwissenschaften 26: 1 - 452." title="Les fourmis de la Suisse. Systematique, notices anatomiques et physiologiques, architecture, distribution geographique, nouvelles experiences et observations de moeurs" type="journal article" year="1874">FOREL, 1874</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="35" pageNumber="168" type="reference_group">
<paragraph blockId="35.[816,1437,848,2023]" pageId="35" pageNumber="168">
<treatmentCitation box="[816,1361,1905,1926]" pageId="35" pageNumber="168">
<taxonomicName authority="FOREL, 1874" authorityName="FOREL" authorityYear="1874" box="[816,1361,1905,1926]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="168" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="rufa" variety="truncicolopratensis">
<emphasis box="[816,1226,1905,1926]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="168">Formica rufa var. truncicolopratensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="FOREL" box="[1230,1361,1905,1926]" firstAuthor="FOREL" journalOrPublisher="Neue Denkschriften der Allgemeinen Schweizerischen Gesellschaft fur die Gesammten Naturwissenschaften" pageId="35" pageNumber="168" pagination="1 - 452" part="26" refId="ref45478" refString="FOREL, A. 1874: Les fourmis de la Suisse. Systematique, notices anatomiques et physiologiques, architecture, distribution geographique, nouvelles experiences et observations de moeurs. - Neue Denkschriften der Allgemeinen Schweizerischen Gesellschaft fur die Gesammten Naturwissenschaften 26: 1 - 452." title="Les fourmis de la Suisse. Systematique, notices anatomiques et physiologiques, architecture, distribution geographique, nouvelles experiences et observations de moeurs" type="journal article" year="1874">FOREL, 1874</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
[photo of
<typeStatus box="[843,893,1936,1958]" pageId="35" pageNumber="168">type</typeStatus>
]
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="36" lastPageNumber="169" pageId="35" pageNumber="168" type="discussion">
<paragraph blockId="35.[816,1437,848,2023]" lastBlockId="36.[151,773,177,2023]" lastPageId="36" lastPageNumber="169" pageId="35" pageNumber="168">
Forel described the worker and gyne but did not mention a
<typeStatus box="[890,939,2001,2022]" pageId="35" pageNumber="168">type</typeStatus>
locality. The taxon was synonymized by all previous authors with
<taxonomicName authorityName="FABRICIUS" authorityYear="1804" box="[406,633,177,198]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="truncorum">
<emphasis box="[406,633,177,198]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">Formica truncorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. If a worker specimen in MHN
<collectingRegion box="[371,457,209,231]" country="Switzerland" name="Geneve" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">Genève</collectingRegion>
, labelled “
<typeStatus box="[579,648,209,230]" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">Typus</typeStatus>
”, “F. truncicolo-pratensis Mt Ce..ere” and “ANTWEB CASENT 0911086” can be recognized as true
<typeStatus box="[553,604,273,294]" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">type</typeStatus>
, the synonymy with
<taxonomicName authorityName="FABRICIUS" authorityYear="1804" box="[211,366,305,326]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="truncorum">
<emphasis box="[211,366,305,326]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">F. truncorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
appears likely after inspecting the z-stack photos shown in AntWeb (
<bibRefCitation accessDate="2021-01-15" author="ANTWEB" box="[505,657,337,359]" firstAuthor="ANTWEB" pageId="36" pageNumber="169" publicationUrl="https://www.antweb.org&gt;" refId="ref44610" refString="ANTWEB 2021: AntWeb Version 8.54. 4. - &lt;https: // www. antweb. org&gt;, retrieved on 15 January 2021." title="AntWeb Version 8.54. 4." type="url" year="2021">
<collectionCode box="[505,600,337,358]" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">ANTWEB</collectionCode>
2021
</bibRefCitation>
) under the specimen identifier CASENT0911086.The photos suggest shiny circular lateral clypeal depressions and the length of the second funiculus segment to be more than twice its width as it is typical for
<taxonomicName authorityName="FABRICIUS" authorityYear="1804" box="[401,546,465,486]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="truncorum">
<emphasis box="[401,546,465,486]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="169">F. truncorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The more developed dark pigmentation is not contradictory as such specimens do occasionally occur over the whole range of the species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

378
data/F5/2B/87/F52B87F65E166160FF74DECEFF751D59.xml Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,378 @@
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5584838" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b9f36fb1-1c9d-4af8-96ca-d57973b94862" ID-GBIF-Taxon="192710755" ID-ISSN="1997-3500" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5584838" approvalRequired="1" checkinTime="1619623649741" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Seifert, Bernhard" docDate="2021" docId="F52B87F65E166160FF74DECEFF751D59" docLanguage="en" docName="myrmecNews.31_133-179_printable.pdf" docOrigin="Myrmecological News 31" docSource="http://zoobank.org/0e55c0d7-531a-48d7-a078-148b96bd461d" docTitle="Formica unicolor RUZSKY 1926" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageId="33" lastPageNumber="166" masterDocId="0912FF8E5E366141FFC9DA41FF91193E" masterDocTitle="A taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic members of the Formica rufa group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) - the famous mound-building red wood ants" masterLastPageNumber="179" masterPageNumber="133" pageId="32" pageNumber="165" updateTime="1643400318318" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>A taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic members of the Formica rufa group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) - the famous mound-building red wood ants</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Seifert, Bernhard</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Myrmecological News</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2021-04-28</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>31</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>133</mods:start>
<mods:end>179</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://zoobank.org/0e55c0d7-531a-48d7-a078-148b96bd461d</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.25849/myrmecol.news_031:133</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">b9f36fb1-1c9d-4af8-96ca-d57973b94862</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1997-3500</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">5582216</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">0E55C0D7-531A-48D7-A078-148B96BD461D</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5584838" ID-GBIF-Taxon="192710755" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5584838" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F52B87F65E166160FF74DECEFF751D59" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F52B87F65E166160FF74DECEFF751D59" lastPageId="33" lastPageNumber="166" pageId="32" pageNumber="165">
<subSubSection box="[189,594,1167,1190]" pageId="32" pageNumber="165" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="32.[151,772,176,2023]" box="[189,594,1167,1190]" pageId="32" pageNumber="165">
<treatmentCitation box="[189,594,1167,1190]" pageId="32" pageNumber="165">
<taxonomicName authority="RUZSKY, 1926" authorityName="RUZSKY" authorityYear="1926" box="[189,594,1167,1190]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="unicolor">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[189,594,1167,1190]" pageId="32" pageNumber="165">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[189,415,1167,1190]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="165">Formica unicolor</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation box="[421,594,1168,1190]" pageId="32" pageNumber="165">RUZSKY, 1926</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="32" pageNumber="165" type="reference_group">
<paragraph blockId="32.[151,772,176,2023]" pageId="32" pageNumber="165">
<treatmentCitation box="[151,665,1201,1223]" pageId="32" pageNumber="165">
<taxonomicName authority="RUZSKY, 1926" authorityName="RUZSKY" authorityYear="1926" box="[151,665,1201,1223]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="pratensis" subSpecies="unicolor">
<emphasis box="[151,357,1201,1222]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="165">Formica pratensis</emphasis>
ssp.
<emphasis box="[415,507,1201,1222]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="165">unicolor</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation box="[514,665,1201,1223]" pageId="32" pageNumber="165">RUZSKY, 1926</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
[description, diagnosis of
<bibRefCitation author="DLUSSKY" bookContentInfo="236 pp." box="[345,519,1232,1255]" firstAuthor="DLUSSKY" journalOrPublisher="Izdatel'stvo Nauka, Moscow" pageId="32" pageNumber="165" refId="ref45182" refString="DLUSSKY, G. M. 1967: Murav'i roda Formica. - Izdatel'stvo Nauka, Moscow, 236 pp." title="Murav'i roda Formica" type="book" year="1967">DLUSSKY (1967)</bibRefCitation>
]
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="32" pageNumber="165" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph blockId="32.[151,772,176,2023]" pageId="32" pageNumber="165">
This taxon was described on the basis of a single worker collected at Surgut (West Siberia,
<geoCoordinate box="[525,624,1296,1318]" degrees="62.25" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="32" pageNumber="165" precision="555" value="62.25">62.25° N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate box="[635,729,1297,1318]" degrees="73.42" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="32" pageNumber="165" precision="555" value="73.42">73.42° E</geoCoordinate>
) on
<date box="[151,294,1329,1350]" pageId="32" pageNumber="165" value="1913-06-21">21 June 1913</date>
. A synonymy with
<taxonomicName authorityName="ZETTERSTEDT" authorityYear="1838" box="[492,681,1329,1350]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lugubris">
<emphasis box="[492,681,1329,1350]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="165">Formica lugubris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
appears possible from description.
<bibRefCitation author="DLUSSKY" bookContentInfo="236 pp." box="[456,637,1361,1383]" firstAuthor="DLUSSKY" journalOrPublisher="Izdatel'stvo Nauka, Moscow" pageId="32" pageNumber="165" refId="ref45182" refString="DLUSSKY, G. M. 1967: Murav'i roda Formica. - Izdatel'stvo Nauka, Moscow, 236 pp." title="Murav'i roda Formica" type="book" year="1967">DLUSSKY (1967)</bibRefCitation>
, who might have seen the
<typeStatus box="[307,356,1393,1414]" pageId="32" pageNumber="165">type</typeStatus>
specimen, interpreted this taxon as a light coloured
<taxonomicName authorityName="ZETTERSTEDT" authorityYear="1838" box="[309,430,1425,1446]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lugubris">
<emphasis box="[309,430,1425,1446]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="165">F. lugubris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
without a dark patch on dorsal mesosoma. Such specimens are more frequent in Siberia than in Europe.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="32.[151,772,176,2023]" pageId="32" pageNumber="165">
All material examined. Numeric phenotypical data were recorded in 224 nest samples with 1108 workers and 109 gynes. These originated from
<collectingCountry box="[558,639,1585,1607]" name="Austria" pageId="32" pageNumber="165">Austria</collectingCountry>
(seven samples),
<collectingCountry box="[212,304,1617,1639]" name="Bulgaria" pageId="32" pageNumber="165">Bulgaria</collectingCountry>
(seven),
<collectingCountry box="[395,479,1617,1639]" name="Czech Republic" pageId="32" pageNumber="165">Czechia</collectingCountry>
(four),
<collectingCountry box="[554,639,1617,1639]" name="Finland" pageId="32" pageNumber="165">Finland</collectingCountry>
(42),
<collectingCountry box="[696,771,1617,1638]" name="France" pageId="32" pageNumber="165">France</collectingCountry>
(28),
<collectingCountry box="[210,303,1649,1671]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="32" pageNumber="165">England</collectingCountry>
(two),
<collectingCountry box="[382,485,1649,1670]" name="Germany" pageId="32" pageNumber="165">Germany</collectingCountry>
(18),
<collectingCountry box="[551,602,1649,1671]" name="Italy" pageId="32" pageNumber="165">Italy</collectingCountry>
(15),
<collectingCountry box="[668,771,1649,1671]" name="Mongolia" pageId="32" pageNumber="165">Mongolia</collectingCountry>
(two),
<collectingCountry box="[219,304,1681,1702]" name="Norway" pageId="32" pageNumber="165">Norway</collectingCountry>
(10), Russian West Siberia (seven) Russian East Siberia (15),
<collectingCountry box="[346,431,1713,1735]" name="Sweden" pageId="32" pageNumber="165">Sweden</collectingCountry>
(24), and
<collectingCountry box="[540,671,1713,1735]" name="Switzerland" pageId="32" pageNumber="165">Switzerland</collectingCountry>
(44). For details, see SI1, SI2, and SI3.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="32" pageNumber="165" type="distribution">
<paragraph blockId="32.[151,772,176,2023]" lastBlockId="32.[816,1437,177,2023]" pageId="32" pageNumber="165">
Geographical range. Eurosiberian, boreo-montane. The huge boreal range extends from the British Isles east to
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F52B87F65E166160FF74DECEFF751D59:785D603B5E166161FF28DD70FD8B1E79" box="[225,538,1841,1863]" country="Sweden" latitude="55.5" name="Kamchatka. In Fennoscandia" pageId="32" pageNumber="165">Kamchatka. In Fennoscandia</location>
from S
<collectingCountry box="[618,702,1841,1863]" name="Sweden" pageId="32" pageNumber="165">Sweden</collectingCountry>
(
<geoCoordinate degrees="55.5" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="32" pageNumber="165" precision="5555" value="55.5">55.5° N</geoCoordinate>
) to
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F52B87F65E166160FF74DECEFF751D59:785D603B5E166161FF10DD10FECA1E58" box="[217,347,1873,1895]" country="France" county="West Pacific. The" latitude="43.17" longLatPrecision="687" longitude="132.79" municipality="Ussuri region" name="North Cape" pageId="32" pageNumber="165">North Cape</location>
(
<geoCoordinate box="[363,431,1873,1894]" degrees="71" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="32" pageNumber="165" precision="55555" value="71.0">71° N</geoCoordinate>
).
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F52B87F65E166160FF74DECEFF751D59:785D603B5E166161FE0ADD10FE7C1E59" box="[451,493,1873,1895]" country="France" county="West Pacific. The" latitude="43.17" longLatPrecision="687" longitude="132.79" municipality="Ussuri region" name="The" pageId="32" pageNumber="165">The</location>
northern distribution in
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F52B87F65E166160FF74DECEFF751D59:785D603B5E166161FF5EDD30FF721EB9" box="[151,227,1905,1927]" country="France" county="West Pacific. The" latitude="43.17" longLatPrecision="687" longitude="132.79" municipality="Ussuri region" name="Siberia" pageId="32" pageNumber="165">Siberia</location>
is limited by
<geoCoordinate box="[366,428,1904,1926]" degrees="65" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="32" pageNumber="165" precision="55555" value="65.0">65° N</geoCoordinate>
.
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F52B87F65E166160FF74DECEFF751D59:785D603B5E166161FE7DDD30FDA01EB8" box="[436,561,1905,1926]" country="France" county="West Pacific. The" latitude="43.17" longLatPrecision="687" longitude="132.79" municipality="Ussuri region" name="Occurrence" pageId="32" pageNumber="165">Occurrence</location>
at low latitudes and altitudes in the
<collectingMunicipality box="[318,465,1937,1959]" pageId="32" pageNumber="165">Ussuri region</collectingMunicipality>
(
<geoCoordinate box="[476,572,1937,1958]" degrees="43.17" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="32" pageNumber="165" precision="555" value="43.17">43.17° N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate box="[581,688,1937,1958]" degrees="132.79" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="32" pageNumber="165" precision="555" value="132.79">132.79° E</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity box="[697,762,1936,1958]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="32" pageNumber="165" unit="m" value="350.0">
<elevation box="[697,762,1936,1958]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="32" pageNumber="165" unit="m" value="350.0">350m</elevation>
</quantity>
) is explained by influence of cold water of the
<collectingCounty pageId="32" pageNumber="165">West Pacific. The</collectingCounty>
montane-subalpine population in Europe extends over the Pyrenees, Massif Central, Alps, Vosges, Schwarzwald, Bayrischer Wald, the whole Carpathians, Stara Planina, Vitosha, Rila, Pirin, and Rhodopes. In the Alps occurring at altitudes between 550 and
<quantity box="[1142,1220,272,294]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.51" pageId="32" pageNumber="165" unit="m" value="2510.0">
<elevation box="[1142,1220,272,294]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.51" pageId="32" pageNumber="165" unit="m" value="2510.0">2510 m</elevation>
</quantity>
. Under influence of Atlantic climate descending to
<quantity box="[1144,1209,304,326]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="32" pageNumber="165" unit="m" value="250.0">
<elevation box="[1144,1209,304,326]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="32" pageNumber="165" unit="m" value="250.0">250m</elevation>
</quantity>
(Vosges,
<collectingCountry box="[1308,1384,305,326]" name="France" pageId="32" pageNumber="165">France</collectingCountry>
) and
<quantity box="[816,869,336,358]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="32" pageNumber="165" unit="m" value="50.0">
<elevation box="[816,869,336,358]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="32" pageNumber="165" unit="m" value="50.0">50 m</elevation>
</quantity>
(
<collectingCountry box="[882,968,337,359]" name="Ireland" pageId="32" pageNumber="165">Ireland</collectingCountry>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="33" lastPageNumber="166" pageId="32" pageNumber="165" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph blockId="32.[816,1437,177,2023]" pageId="32" pageNumber="165">
Diagnosis of worker (
<tableCitation box="[1222,1388,369,391]" captionStart="Tab" captionStartId="13.[151,192,177,199]" captionTargetBox="[157,1429,288,1995]" captionTargetId="graphics-50@13.[150,1436,281,2018]" captionText="Tab.3: Workers of species similar to Formica pratensis and Formica lugubris; head size and RAV-corrected data for the assumption of each individual having a head size of 1750µm; data given as arithmetic mean ± standard deviation (lower extreme, upper extreme) number of individuals." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/29FD66685E3B614CFF5EDAF0FDB11839" pageId="32" pageNumber="165" tableUuid="29FD66685E3B614CFF5EDAF0FDB11839">
<tableCitation box="[1222,1314,369,391]" captionStart="Tab" captionStartId="13.[151,192,177,199]" captionTargetBox="[157,1429,288,1995]" captionTargetId="graphics-50@13.[150,1436,281,2018]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Tab.3: Workers of species similar to Formica pratensis and Formica lugubris; head size and RAV-corrected data for the assumption of each individual having a head size of 1750µm; data given as arithmetic mean ± standard deviation (lower extreme, upper extreme) number of individuals." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/29FD66685E3B614CFF5EDAF0FDB11839" pageId="32" pageNumber="165">Tab. 3</tableCitation>
and
</tableCitation>
<tableCitation captionStart-0="Tab" captionStart-1="Tab" captionStart-2="Tab" captionStart-3="Tab" captionStart-4="Tab" captionStartId-0="14.[151,192,177,199]" captionStartId-1="11.[151,191,177,199]" captionStartId-2="12.[151,191,177,199]" captionStartId-3="13.[151,192,177,199]" captionStartId-4="15.[151,191,177,199]" captionTargetBox-0="[157,1428,288,1993]" captionTargetBox-1="[157,1429,282,1993]" captionTargetBox-2="[158,1430,288,1992]" captionTargetBox-3="[157,1429,288,1995]" captionTargetBox-4="[157,1428,288,1993]" captionTargetId-0="graphics-61@14.[151,1437,281,2018]" captionTargetId-1="graphics-49@11.[151,1436,275,2018]" captionTargetId-2="graphics-52@12.[151,1437,281,2018]" captionTargetId-3="graphics-50@13.[150,1436,281,2018]" captionTargetId-4="graphics-48@15.[150,1436,281,2018]" captionTargetPageId-0="14" captionTargetPageId-1="11" captionTargetPageId-2="12" captionTargetPageId-3="13" captionText-0="Tab.4: Workers of Formica aquilonia, Formica paralugubris, Formica aquilonia × paralugubris, and collected data of all Palaearctic phenotypes of Formica lugubris; head size and RAV-corrected data for the assumption of each individual having a head size of 1750µm; data given as arithmetic mean ± standard deviation (lower extreme, upper extreme) number of individuals." captionText-1="Tab.1: Workers of species and hybrids close to Formica rufa; head size and RAV-corrected data for the assumption of each individual having a head size of 1750 µm; data given as arithmetic mean ± standard deviation (lower extreme, upper extreme number of individuals." captionText-2="Tab.2: Workers of species and hybrids similar to Formica rufa and Formica aquilonia; head size and RAV-corrected data for the assumption of each individual having a head size of 1750µm; data given as arithmetic mean ± standard deviation (lower extreme, upper extreme) number of individuals." captionText-3="Tab.3: Workers of species similar to Formica pratensis and Formica lugubris; head size and RAV-corrected data for the assumption of each individual having a head size of 1750µm; data given as arithmetic mean ± standard deviation (lower extreme, upper extreme) number of individuals." captionText-4="Tab.5: Workers of the Formica truncorum species complex; head size and RAV-corrected data for the assumption of each individual having a head size of 1750 µm; data given as arithmetic mean ± standard deviation (lower extreme, upper extreme) number of individuals." httpUri-1="http://table.plazi.org/id/29FD66685E3D614AFF5EDAF0FEEE1839" httpUri-2="http://table.plazi.org/id/29FD66685E3A614DFF5EDAF0FDB11839" httpUri-3="http://table.plazi.org/id/29FD66685E3B614CFF5EDAF0FDB11839" pageId="32" pageNumber="165" tableUuid-1="29FD66685E3D614AFF5EDAF0FEEE1839" tableUuid-2="29FD66685E3A614DFF5EDAF0FDB11839" tableUuid-3="29FD66685E3B614CFF5EDAF0FDB11839">4, Figs. 14 and 15</tableCitation>
, key). Extremely polymorphic, with regional differences shown in
<tableCitation box="[1202,1283,433,455]" captionStart="Tab" captionStartId="13.[151,192,177,199]" captionTargetBox="[157,1429,288,1995]" captionTargetId="graphics-50@13.[150,1436,281,2018]" captionText="Tab.3: Workers of species similar to Formica pratensis and Formica lugubris; head size and RAV-corrected data for the assumption of each individual having a head size of 1750µm; data given as arithmetic mean ± standard deviation (lower extreme, upper extreme) number of individuals." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/29FD66685E3B614CFF5EDAF0FDB11839" pageId="32" pageNumber="165" tableUuid="29FD66685E3B614CFF5EDAF0FDB11839">Table 3</tableCitation>
. Rather large, mean and maximum
<collectionCode box="[1046,1076,465,486]" country="France" name="Musee des Dinosaures d'Esperaza (Aude)" pageId="32" pageNumber="165">CS</collectionCode>
over all morphological and social
<typeStatus box="[816,877,497,518]" pageId="32" pageNumber="165">types</typeStatus>
1805 and
<quantity box="[1000,1099,497,518]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.184" pageId="32" pageNumber="165" unit="mm" value="2184.0">2184 µm</quantity>
. Scape shorter and much less slender than in
<taxonomicName authority=", SL" authorityName="SL" box="[988,1234,529,550]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pratensis">
<emphasis box="[988,1193,529,550]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="165">Formica pratensis</emphasis>
, SL
</taxonomicName>
/
<collectionCode box="[1259,1288,529,550]" country="France" name="Musee des Dinosaures d'Esperaza (Aude)" pageId="32" pageNumber="165">CS</collectionCode>
<subScript attach="left" box="[1288,1326,538,552]" fontSize="6" pageId="32" pageNumber="165">1750</subScript>
0.894, SL / Smax
<subScript attach="left" box="[894,932,570,584]" fontSize="6" pageId="32" pageNumber="165">1750</subScript>
9.30. Petiole wider than in
<taxonomicName box="[1228,1358,561,582]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pratensis">
<emphasis box="[1228,1358,561,582]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="165">F. pratensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, PeW /
<collectionCode box="[816,845,593,614]" country="France" name="Musee des Dinosaures d'Esperaza (Aude)" pageId="32" pageNumber="165">CS</collectionCode>
<subScript attach="left" box="[846,884,602,616]" fontSize="6" pageId="32" pageNumber="165">1750</subScript>
0.489. Setae on eyes long, EyeHL
<subScript attach="left" box="[1254,1292,602,616]" fontSize="6" pageId="32" pageNumber="165">1750</subScript>
<quantity box="[1299,1369,593,614]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3" pageId="32" pageNumber="165" unit="mm" value="33.0">33 µm</quantity>
; setae condition on dorsal plane of scape most variable, nSc
<subScript attach="left" box="[1398,1437,634,648]" fontSize="6" pageId="32" pageNumber="165">1750</subScript>
usually 0 - 5 but in Fennoscandian Hippie-morph (
<bibRefCitation author="SEIFERT" firstAuthor="SEIFERT" journalOrPublisher="Sociobiology" pageId="32" pageNumber="165" pagination="285 - 297" part="42" refId="ref46669" refString="SEIFERT, B. 2003: The &quot; Hippie Ant &quot; - a case of extreme intranidal polymorphism in Fennoscandian Formica lugubris ZETTERSTEDT, 1838 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). - Sociobiology 42: 285 - 297." title="The &quot; Hippie Ant &quot; - a case of extreme intranidal polymorphism in Fennoscandian Formica lugubris ZETTERSTEDT, 1838 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)" type="journal article" year="2003">SEIFERT 2003</bibRefCitation>
) up to 40. Setae on head margin behind eyes always numerous but most variable in length, nCH
<subScript attach="left" box="[1296,1334,730,744]" fontSize="6" pageId="32" pageNumber="165">1750</subScript>
25.0; average OccHL
<subScript attach="left" box="[957,995,762,776]" fontSize="6" pageId="32" pageNumber="165">1750</subScript>
usually
<quantity box="[1086,1164,753,775]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" pageId="32" pageNumber="165" unit="mm" value="115.0">115µm</quantity>
but up to
<quantity box="[1272,1353,753,775]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.35" pageId="32" pageNumber="165" unit="mm" value="235.0">235 µm</quantity>
in Fennoscandian Hippie-morph. Gular setae always numerous and long, nGu
<subScript attach="left" box="[971,1009,826,840]" fontSize="6" pageId="32" pageNumber="165">1750</subScript>
15.1, GuHL
<subScript attach="left" box="[1142,1181,826,840]" fontSize="6" pageId="32" pageNumber="165">1750</subScript>
<quantity box="[1185,1268,817,838]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.88" pageId="32" pageNumber="165" unit="mm" value="188.0">188 µm</quantity>
. Pronotal setae numerous but most variable in length, average mPnHL
<subScript attach="left" box="[1399,1437,858,872]" fontSize="6" pageId="32" pageNumber="165">1750</subScript>
usually
<quantity box="[897,994,881,902]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.8" metricValueMax="11.2" metricValueMin="8.4" pageId="32" pageNumber="165" unit="m" value="98.0" valueMax="112.0" valueMin="84.0">84 - 112µ</quantity>
m but in Fennoscandian Hippie-morph up to
<quantity box="[843,923,913,935]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.76" pageId="32" pageNumber="165" unit="mm" value="176.0">176µm</quantity>
. Number and length of mesopleural, propodeal, and metanotal setae usually large, nMes
<subScript attach="left" box="[1256,1294,954,968]" fontSize="6" pageId="32" pageNumber="165">1750</subScript>
28.1, nPr
<subScript attach="left" box="[1398,1436,954,968]" fontSize="6" pageId="32" pageNumber="165">1750</subScript>
21.7; mMet
<subScript attach="left" box="[946,985,986,1000]" fontSize="6" pageId="32" pageNumber="165">1750</subScript>
10.3, MetHL
<subScript attach="left" box="[1138,1177,986,1000]" fontSize="6" pageId="32" pageNumber="165">1750</subScript>
<quantity box="[1186,1271,977,998]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8199999999999998" pageId="32" pageNumber="165" unit="mm" value="182.0">182 µm</quantity>
. Pigmentation without specific characters. The dark patch on mesosoma is usually large with diffuse margins in European popu- lations but may also be reduced.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="32.[816,1437,177,2023]" lastBlockId="33.[151,773,177,1127]" lastPageId="33" lastPageNumber="166" pageId="32" pageNumber="165">
Diagnosis of gyne (
<tableCitation box="[1150,1236,1105,1127]" captionStart="Tab" captionStartId="17.[151,191,177,199]" captionTargetBox="[158,1429,261,1991]" captionTargetId="graphics-26@17.[151,1436,249,2017]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Tab.7: Gynes of species with richer pilosity; data given as arithmetic mean ± standard deviation (lower extreme, upper extreme) number of individuals." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/29FD66685E276150FF5EDAF0FEEE19D9" pageId="32" pageNumber="165">Tab. 7</tableCitation>
,
<figureCitation box="[1260,1340,1105,1127]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[816,852,689,711]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,170,662]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig.3: Formica lugubris, gyne; paramedian surface of the dorsum of first gaster tergite. The transverse microsculpture is as weak as in Formica rufa, but the density of pubescence and microfoveolae is much higher." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5582224" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5582224/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="165">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
, key). Extremely polymorphic. Mean number and length of setae is lowest in morph A3 from the Alps (
<bibRefCitation author="SEIFERT" bookContentInfo="408 pp." box="[1232,1381,1169,1191]" firstAuthor="SEIFERT" journalOrPublisher="Lutra Verlags- und Vertriebsgesellschaft, Tauer" pageId="32" pageNumber="165" refId="ref46930" refString="SEIFERT, B. 2018: The ants of Central and North Europe. - Lutra Verlags- und Vertriebsgesellschaft, Tauer, 408 pp." title="The ants of Central and North Europe" type="book" year="2018">SEIFERT 2018</bibRefCitation>
) and highest in the Fennoscandian Hippie-morph (
<bibRefCitation author="SEIFERT" firstAuthor="SEIFERT" journalOrPublisher="Sociobiology" pageId="32" pageNumber="165" pagination="285 - 297" part="42" refId="ref46669" refString="SEIFERT, B. 2003: The &quot; Hippie Ant &quot; - a case of extreme intranidal polymorphism in Fennoscandian Formica lugubris ZETTERSTEDT, 1838 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). - Sociobiology 42: 285 - 297." title="The &quot; Hippie Ant &quot; - a case of extreme intranidal polymorphism in Fennoscandian Formica lugubris ZETTERSTEDT, 1838 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)" type="journal article" year="2003">SEIFERT 2003</bibRefCitation>
). The remaining morphs, such as the most abundant morphs A1 from the Central European mountains or morph N1 from Fennoscandia, are intermediate. The numeric data given in the following summarize data of 109 gynes from the whole geographic range and of any social and morphological
<typeStatus box="[1104,1156,1393,1414]" pageId="32" pageNumber="165">type</typeStatus>
. Rather large,
<collectionCode box="[1320,1350,1393,1414]" country="France" name="Musee des Dinosaures d'Esperaza (Aude)" pageId="32" pageNumber="165">CS</collectionCode>
2213 ± 80 (1996, 2382) µm. Head short, CL / CW 0.998 ± 0.020 (
<geoCoordinate box="[824,888,1456,1478]" degrees="0.950" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="32" pageNumber="165" precision="55" value="0.95">0.950</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate box="[898,962,1456,1478]" degrees="1.052" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="32" pageNumber="165" precision="55" value="1.052">1.052</geoCoordinate>
). Scape short and thickset, SL /
<collectionCode box="[1317,1347,1457,1478]" country="France" name="Musee des Dinosaures d'Esperaza (Aude)" pageId="32" pageNumber="165">CS</collectionCode>
0.789 ± 0.026 (
<geoCoordinate box="[892,956,1489,1510]" degrees="0.708" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="32" pageNumber="165" precision="55" value="0.708">0.708</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate box="[968,1034,1488,1510]" degrees="0.857" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="32" pageNumber="165" precision="55" value="0.857">0.857</geoCoordinate>
), SL / Smax 8.13 ± 0.37 (7.12, 9.04). Eyes always with setae, the longest occur in the Fennoscandian Hippie-morph, EyeHL 48 ± 18 (30, 151) µm. Dorsal plane of scape with most variable setae numbers, which are highest in Fennoscandian Hippie-morph, nSc 2.1 ± 3.5 (0, 21). Posterior margin of head always with setae, but these are most variable in length and number, nCH 23.2 ± 8.8 (10.5, 65.0), OccHL 156 ± 91 (40, 320) µm. Underside of head, all surfaces of mesosoma, and petiole scale always with setae of most variable length and number, nGu 18.3 ± 6.7 (8, 36), GuHL 244 ± 111 (49, 425) µm, PnHL 208 ± 93 (34 - 411), MetHL 260 ±
<quantity box="[1107,1174,1841,1862]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.7" pageId="32" pageNumber="165" unit="mm" value="97.0">97µm</quantity>
(40, 375), nPe 15.5 ± 6.5 (2,33). Dorsalsurfaceofgasterappearsatlowermagnifica- tion more or less shiny. Transverse microripples on dorsum of first gaster tergite usually very weak or absent but occa- sionally more developed, then approaching the situation in
<taxonomicName box="[816,1021,2001,2022]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pratensis">
<emphasis box="[816,1021,2001,2022]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="165">Formica pratensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Foveolae and pubescence on dorsum of first gaster tergite on average more densely packed than in
<taxonomicName authorityName="LINNAEUS" authorityYear="1761" box="[240,390,209,230]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufa">
<emphasis box="[240,390,209,230]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">Formica rufa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or
<taxonomicName authorityName="FOERSTER" authorityYear="1850" box="[430,641,209,230]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polyctena">
<emphasis box="[430,641,209,230]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">Formica polyctena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, FodG 25.2 ± 5.7 (17.9, 50.8) µm, sqPDG 4.84 ± 1.14 (3.13, 8.06) µm.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="33" pageNumber="166" type="discussion">
<paragraph blockId="33.[151,773,177,1127]" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">
Taxonomic comments and clustering results. The European population is extremely polymorphic, being a mixture of (a) sympatrically occurring most different phenotypes, as for example observed in Fennoscandia (
<bibRefCitation author="SEIFERT" box="[327,485,401,423]" firstAuthor="SEIFERT" journalOrPublisher="Sociobiology" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" pagination="285 - 297" part="42" refId="ref46669" refString="SEIFERT, B. 2003: The &quot; Hippie Ant &quot; - a case of extreme intranidal polymorphism in Fennoscandian Formica lugubris ZETTERSTEDT, 1838 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). - Sociobiology 42: 285 - 297." title="The &quot; Hippie Ant &quot; - a case of extreme intranidal polymorphism in Fennoscandian Formica lugubris ZETTERSTEDT, 1838 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)" type="journal article" year="2003">SEIFERT 2003</bibRefCitation>
) or in the Alps (
<bibRefCitation author="SEIFERT" bookContentInfo="408 pp." firstAuthor="SEIFERT" journalOrPublisher="Lutra Verlags- und Vertriebsgesellschaft, Tauer" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" refId="ref46930" refString="SEIFERT, B. 2018: The ants of Central and North Europe. - Lutra Verlags- und Vertriebsgesellschaft, Tauer, 408 pp." title="The ants of Central and North Europe" type="book" year="2018">SEIFERT 2018</bibRefCitation>
), and (b) of deviating but rather monomorphous regional populations, such as found in the Pyrenees or the Balkan mountains. Clustering of morphological data by exploratory data analyses and assessment of putative clusters by discriminant analyses did not allow to give one of these entities a taxonomic significance (for the special case of
<taxonomicName authority="Seifert, 2021" authorityName="Seifert" authorityYear="2021" box="[230,429,625,646]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="helvetica" status="sp.n.">
<emphasis box="[230,429,625,646]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">Formica helvetica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[434,488,625,646]" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" rank="species">sp.n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, see section “
<taxonomicName authority="Seifert, 2021" authorityName="Seifert" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="helvetica" status="sp.n.">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">Formica helvetica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[227,277,657,678]" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" rank="species">sp.n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
”, p. 166). Considering this very complicated structure, it appears astonishing that the separation from
<taxonomicName box="[151,354,721,742]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pratensis">
<emphasis box="[151,354,721,742]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">Formica pratensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
all over the Palaearctic range was such clear in workers and gynes (see section “
<treatmentCitation pageId="33" pageNumber="166">
<taxonomicName authority="RETZIUS, 1783" authorityName="RETZIUS" authorityYear="1783" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pratensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">Formica pratensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="RETZIUS" bookContentInfo="220 pp." box="[189,352,785,806]" firstAuthor="RETZIUS" journalOrPublisher="Lipsiae" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" refId="ref46339" refString="RETZIUS, A. J. 1783: Caroli de Geer. Genera et species insectorum e generosissimi auctoris scriptis extraxit, digessit, Latine quoad partem reddidit, et terminologiam insectorum Linneanam addidit. - Cruse, Lipsiae [= Leipzig], 220 pp." title="Caroli de Geer. Genera et species insectorum e generosissimi auctoris scriptis extraxit, digessit, Latine quoad partem reddidit, et terminologiam insectorum Linneanam addidit. - Cruse" type="book" year="1783">RETZIUS, 1783</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
”, p. 159 or
<bibRefCitation author="SEIFERT &amp; GOROPASHNAYA" firstAuthor="SEIFERT" journalOrPublisher="Organisms, Diversity &amp; Evolution" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" pagination="29 - 305" part="4" refId="ref47151" refString="SEIFERT, B. &amp; GOROPASHNAYA, A. 2004: Ideal phenotypes and mismatching haplotypes errors of mtDNA treeing in ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) detected by standardized morphometry. - Organisms, Diversity &amp; Evolution 4: 29 - 305." title="Ideal phenotypes and mismatching haplotypes errors of mtDNA treeing in ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) detected by standardized morphometry" type="journal article" year="2004">SEIFERT &amp; GOROPASHNAYA 2004</bibRefCitation>
), and that also
<taxonomicName authorityName="SEIFERT" authorityYear="1996" box="[364,604,817,838]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paralugubris">
<emphasis box="[364,604,817,838]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">Formica paralugubris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was sufficiently separable in both castes (see section “
<treatmentCitation pageId="33" pageNumber="166">
<taxonomicName authority="SEIFERT, 1996" authorityName="SEIFERT" authorityYear="1996" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paralugubris">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">Formica paralugubris</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation box="[202,356,881,903]" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">SEIFERT, 1996</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
”, p. 167, and
<bibRefCitation author="SEIFERT" box="[498,661,881,903]" firstAuthor="SEIFERT" journalOrPublisher="Myrmecological News" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" pagination="11 - 20" part="22" refId="ref46851" refString="SEIFERT, B. 2016 a: The supercolonial European wood ant Formica paralugubris SEIFERT, 1996 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) introduced to Canada and its predicted role in Nearctic forests. - Myrmecological News 22: 11 - 20." title="The supercolonial European wood ant Formica paralugubris SEIFERT, 1996 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) introduced to Canada and its predicted role in Nearctic forests" type="journal article" year="2016" yearSuffix="a">SEIFERT 2016a</bibRefCitation>
). Sections “Hybrids
<emphasis box="[253,580,913,934]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">
<taxonomicName box="[253,454,913,934]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aquilonia">Formica aquilonia</taxonomicName>
×
<taxonomicName authorityName="ZETTERSTEDT" authorityYear="1838" box="[479,573,913,934]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lugubris">lugubris</taxonomicName>
”
</emphasis>
(p.173), “Hybrids
<emphasis box="[151,484,945,966]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">
<taxonomicName authorityName="RETZIUS" authorityYear="1783" box="[151,354,945,966]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pratensis">Formica pratensis</taxonomicName>
×
<taxonomicName authorityName="ZETTERSTEDT" authorityYear="1838" box="[381,476,945,966]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lugubris">lugubris</taxonomicName>
”
</emphasis>
(p.174) and “Hybrids
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">
<taxonomicName authorityName="ZETTERSTEDT" authorityYear="1838" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lugubris">Formica lugubris</taxonomicName>
×
<taxonomicName authorityName="LINNAEUS" authorityYear="1761" box="[327,376,977,998]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufa">rufa</taxonomicName>
”
</emphasis>
(p.174) report on hybridization of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aquilonia">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">F. aquilonia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
×
<taxonomicName authorityName="ZETTERSTEDT" authorityYear="1838" box="[279,370,1009,1030]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lugubris">
<emphasis box="[279,370,1009,1030]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">lugubris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authorityName="RETZIUS" authorityYear="1783" box="[381,507,1009,1030]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pratensis">
<emphasis box="[381,507,1009,1030]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">F. pratensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
×
<taxonomicName authorityName="ZETTERSTEDT" authorityYear="1838" box="[531,622,1009,1030]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lugubris">
<emphasis box="[531,622,1009,1030]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">lugubris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName authorityName="LINNAEUS" authorityYear="1761" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">Formica rufa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
×
<emphasis box="[227,328,1041,1062]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">
<taxonomicName authorityName="ZETTERSTEDT" authorityYear="1838" box="[227,324,1041,1062]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lugubris">lugubris</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="33" pageNumber="166" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph blockId="33.[151,773,177,1127]" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">
Biology. See the species profile given by
<bibRefCitation author="SEIFERT" bookContentInfo="408 pp." firstAuthor="SEIFERT" journalOrPublisher="Lutra Verlags- und Vertriebsgesellschaft, Tauer" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" refId="ref46930" refString="SEIFERT, B. 2018: The ants of Central and North Europe. - Lutra Verlags- und Vertriebsgesellschaft, Tauer, 408 pp." title="The ants of Central and North Europe" type="book" year="2018">SEIFERT (2018)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

183
data/F5/2B/87/F52B87F65E166161FF74DAF1FC951DB8.xml Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,183 @@
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5584838" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b9f36fb1-1c9d-4af8-96ca-d57973b94862" ID-GBIF-Taxon="192711759" ID-ISSN="1997-3500" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5584838" approvalRequired="1" checkinTime="1619623649741" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Seifert, Bernhard" docDate="2021" docId="F52B87F65E166161FF74DAF1FC951DB8" docLanguage="en" docName="myrmecNews.31_133-179_printable.pdf" docOrigin="Myrmecological News 31" docSource="http://zoobank.org/0e55c0d7-531a-48d7-a078-148b96bd461d" docTitle="Formica santschii WHEELER 1913" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="165" masterDocId="0912FF8E5E366141FFC9DA41FF91193E" masterDocTitle="A taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic members of the Formica rufa group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) - the famous mound-building red wood ants" masterLastPageNumber="179" masterPageNumber="133" pageId="32" pageNumber="165" updateTime="1643410080396" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>A taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic members of the Formica rufa group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) - the famous mound-building red wood ants</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Seifert, Bernhard</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Myrmecological News</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2021-04-28</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>31</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>133</mods:start>
<mods:end>179</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://zoobank.org/0e55c0d7-531a-48d7-a078-148b96bd461d</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.25849/myrmecol.news_031:133</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">b9f36fb1-1c9d-4af8-96ca-d57973b94862</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1997-3500</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">5582216</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">0E55C0D7-531A-48D7-A078-148B96BD461D</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5584838" ID-GBIF-Taxon="192711759" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5584838" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F52B87F65E166161FF74DAF1FC951DB8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F52B87F65E166161FF74DAF1FC951DB8" lastPageNumber="165" pageId="32" pageNumber="165">
<subSubSection box="[189,626,176,199]" pageId="32" pageNumber="165" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="32.[151,772,176,2023]" box="[189,626,176,199]" pageId="32" pageNumber="165">
<treatmentCitation box="[189,626,176,199]" pageId="32" pageNumber="165">
<taxonomicName authority="WHEELER, 1913" authorityName="WHEELER" authorityYear="1913" box="[189,626,176,199]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="santschii">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[189,626,176,199]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="165">
Formica santschii
<bibRefCitation author="WHEELER" box="[429,626,177,198]" firstAuthor="WHEELER" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology" pageId="32" pageNumber="165" pagination="379 - 565" part="53" refId="ref47626" refString="WHEELER, W. M. 1913: A revision of the ants of the genus Formica (LINNE) MAYR. - Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 53: 379 - 565." title="A revision of the ants of the genus Formica (LINNE) MAYR" type="journal article" year="1913">WHEELER, 1913</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="32" pageNumber="165" type="reference_group">
<paragraph blockId="32.[151,772,176,2023]" pageId="32" pageNumber="165">
<treatmentCitation box="[151,636,209,230]" pageId="32" pageNumber="165">
<taxonomicName authority="WHEELER, 1913" authorityName="WHEELER" authorityYear="1913" box="[151,636,209,230]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="rufa" variety="santschii">
<emphasis box="[151,300,209,230]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="165">Formica rufa</emphasis>
var.
<emphasis box="[355,454,209,230]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="165">santschii</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="WHEELER" box="[461,636,209,230]" firstAuthor="WHEELER" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology" pageId="32" pageNumber="165" pagination="379 - 565" part="53" refId="ref47626" refString="WHEELER, W. M. 1913: A revision of the ants of the genus Formica (LINNE) MAYR. - Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 53: 379 - 565." title="A revision of the ants of the genus Formica (LINNE) MAYR" type="journal article" year="1913">WHEELER, 1913</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
[
<typeStatus box="[648,699,209,230]" pageId="32" pageNumber="165">type</typeStatus>
investigation]
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="32" pageNumber="165" type="discussion">
<paragraph blockId="32.[151,772,176,2023]" pageId="32" pageNumber="165">
<taxonomicName authorityName="WHEELER" authorityYear="1913" box="[189,392,273,294]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="santschii">
<emphasis box="[189,392,273,294]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="165">Formica santschii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is
<bibRefCitation author="WHEELER" box="[426,614,273,295]" firstAuthor="WHEELER" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology" pageId="32" pageNumber="165" pagination="379 - 565" part="53" refId="ref47626" refString="WHEELER, W. M. 1913: A revision of the ants of the genus Formica (LINNE) MAYR. - Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 53: 379 - 565." title="A revision of the ants of the genus Formica (LINNE) MAYR" type="journal article" year="1913">WHEELER (1913)</bibRefCitation>
’s replacement name for
<treatmentCitation box="[259,647,305,326]" pageId="32" pageNumber="165">
<taxonomicName authority="SANTSCHI, 1911" authorityName="Santschi" authorityYear="1911" box="[259,647,305,326]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="rufa" variety="alpina">
<emphasis box="[259,335,305,326]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="165">F. rufa</emphasis>
var.
<emphasis box="[392,463,305,326]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="165">alpina</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="SANTSCHI" box="[471,647,305,326]" firstAuthor="SANTSCHI" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France" pageId="32" pageNumber="165" pagination="349 - 350" part="1911" refId="ref46386" refString="SANTSCHI, F. 1911: Une nouvelle variete de Formica rufa L. (Hym. Formicidae). - Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France 1911: 349 - 350." title="Une nouvelle variete de Formica rufa L. (Hym. Formicidae)" type="journal article" year="1911">SANTSCHI, 1911</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
, which is a junior primary homonym of
<treatmentCitation pageId="32" pageNumber="165">
<taxonomicName authority="WHEELER, 1909" authorityName="WHEELER" authorityYear="1909" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="adamsi" variety="alpina">
<emphasis box="[464,647,337,358]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="165">Formica adamsi</emphasis>
var.
<emphasis box="[700,771,337,358]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="165">alpina</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation box="[151,332,369,390]" pageId="32" pageNumber="165">WHEELER, 1909</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
<bibRefCitation author="SANTSCHI" box="[344,529,369,391]" firstAuthor="SANTSCHI" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France" pageId="32" pageNumber="165" pagination="349 - 350" part="1911" refId="ref46386" refString="SANTSCHI, F. 1911: Une nouvelle variete de Formica rufa L. (Hym. Formicidae). - Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France 1911: 349 - 350." title="Une nouvelle variete de Formica rufa L. (Hym. Formicidae)" type="journal article" year="1911">SANTSCHI (1911)</bibRefCitation>
described his
<taxonomicName authorityName="Santschi" authorityYear="1911" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="rufa" variety="alpina">
<emphasis box="[694,771,369,390]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="165">F. rufa</emphasis>
var.
<emphasis box="[199,270,401,422]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="165">alpina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the Alps north of Sondrio. Investigated were
<specimenCount box="[214,457,433,455]" pageId="32" pageNumber="165" type="worker" typeStatus="syntype">two syntype workers</specimenCount>
on separate pins stored in NHM Basel and labelled in F. Santschi´s handwriting. The larger specimen with CW
<quantity box="[433,526,496,518]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.754" pageId="32" pageNumber="165" unit="mm" value="1754.0">1754 µm</quantity>
is depicted in AntWeb (
<bibRefCitation accessDate="2021-01-15" author="ANTWEB" box="[160,319,529,551]" firstAuthor="ANTWEB" pageId="32" pageNumber="165" publicationUrl="https://www.antweb.org&gt;" refId="ref44610" refString="ANTWEB 2021: AntWeb Version 8.54. 4. - &lt;https: // www. antweb. org&gt;, retrieved on 15 January 2021." title="AntWeb Version 8.54. 4." type="url" year="2021">
<collectionCode box="[160,257,529,550]" pageId="32" pageNumber="165">ANTWEB</collectionCode>
2021
</bibRefCitation>
) under CASENT0912249 and is labelled “Valteline. Galli-Valerio”, “
<taxonomicName authority="Sant." authorityName="Santschi" authorityYear="1911" box="[436,599,561,583]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alpina">Formica alpina</taxonomicName>
€ Sant.”, “type”. The smaller, damaged specimen with CW =
<quantity box="[642,736,592,614]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.685" pageId="32" pageNumber="165" unit="mm" value="1685.0">1685 µm</quantity>
on the other pin is labelled “Valteline. Galli-Valerio”, “
<taxonomicName authority="Sant." authorityName="Santschi" authorityYear="1911" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alpina">Formica alpina</taxonomicName>
€ Sant.” By morphology and geography, the
<taxonomicName authorityName="WHEELER" authorityYear="1913" box="[151,279,689,710]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="santschii">
<emphasis box="[151,279,689,710]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="165">F. santschii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
types could either belong to
<taxonomicName authorityName="ZETTERSTEDT" authorityYear="1838" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lugubris">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="165">Formica lugubris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or
<taxonomicName authorityName="SEIFERT" authorityYear="1996" box="[236,484,721,742]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paralugubris">
<emphasis box="[236,484,721,742]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="165">Formica paralugubris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The specimens were run as wild-cards in an LDA collecting
<specimenCount box="[557,696,753,775]" pageId="32" pageNumber="165" type="worker">369 workers</specimenCount>
of the
<taxonomicName authorityName="ZETTERSTEDT" authorityYear="1838" box="[151,273,785,806]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lugubris">
<emphasis box="[151,273,785,806]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="165">F. lugubris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
morphs A1 and A3 from the Alps in class 1, and
<specimenCount box="[198,332,817,839]" pageId="32" pageNumber="165" type="worker">298 workers</specimenCount>
of
<taxonomicName authorityName="SEIFERT" authorityYear="1996" box="[364,537,817,838]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paralugubris">
<emphasis box="[364,537,817,838]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="165">F. paralugubris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in class 2. The eleven characters available in the
<taxonomicName authorityName="WHEELER" authorityYear="1913" box="[462,593,849,870]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="santschii">
<emphasis box="[462,593,849,870]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="165">F. santschii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
types were
<collectionCode box="[733,766,849,870]" country="France" name="Musee des Dinosaures d'Esperaza (Aude)" pageId="32" pageNumber="165">CS</collectionCode>
, CL / CW
<subScript attach="left" box="[251,289,890,904]" fontSize="6" pageId="32" pageNumber="165">1750</subScript>
, SL /
<collectionCode box="[362,392,881,902]" country="France" name="Musee des Dinosaures d'Esperaza (Aude)" pageId="32" pageNumber="165">CS</collectionCode>
<subScript attach="left" box="[392,430,890,904]" fontSize="6" pageId="32" pageNumber="165">1750</subScript>
, SL / Smax
<subScript attach="left" box="[564,602,890,904]" fontSize="6" pageId="32" pageNumber="165">1750</subScript>
, PeW /
<collectionCode box="[696,726,881,902]" country="France" name="Musee des Dinosaures d'Esperaza (Aude)" pageId="32" pageNumber="165">CS</collectionCode>
<subScript attach="left" box="[726,764,890,904]" fontSize="6" pageId="32" pageNumber="165">1750</subScript>
, nSc
<subScript attach="left" box="[191,229,922,936]" fontSize="6" pageId="32" pageNumber="165">1750</subScript>
, nCH
<subScript attach="left" box="[294,332,922,936]" fontSize="6" pageId="32" pageNumber="165">1750</subScript>
, OccHL
<subScript attach="left" box="[424,462,922,936]" fontSize="6" pageId="32" pageNumber="165">1750</subScript>
, mPnHL
<subScript attach="right" box="[565,603,922,936]" fontSize="6" pageId="32" pageNumber="165">1750</subScript>
, nMet
<subScript attach="left" box="[676,714,922,936]" fontSize="6" pageId="32" pageNumber="165">1750</subScript>
, and MetHL
<subScript attach="left" box="[230,268,954,968]" fontSize="6" pageId="32" pageNumber="165">1750</subScript>
. With these data, the larger
<typeStatus box="[597,685,945,966]" pageId="32" pageNumber="165">syntype</typeStatus>
worker was allocated to class 1 with p = 0.9674 but the smaller one with p = 0.9551 to class 2. It appears questionable if the
<specimenCount box="[193,328,1041,1063]" pageId="32" pageNumber="165" type="worker">two workers</specimenCount>
mounted on separate pins belong to the same nest sample. In order to save a stable nomenclature, a
<typeStatus box="[168,267,1105,1127]" pageId="32" pageNumber="165">lectotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName authorityName="WHEELER" authorityYear="1913" box="[297,418,1105,1126]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="santschii">
<emphasis box="[297,418,1105,1126]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="165">F. santschii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is fixed by present decision in the undamaged larger specimen labelled “CASENT0912249”.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

470
data/F5/2B/87/F52B87F65E176163FF5EDE3FFC951F38.xml Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,470 @@
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5587864" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b9f36fb1-1c9d-4af8-96ca-d57973b94862" ID-GBIF-Taxon="189107709" ID-ISSN="1997-3500" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5587864" approvalRequired="1" checkinTime="1619623649741" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Seifert, Bernhard" docDate="2021" docId="F52B87F65E176163FF5EDE3FFC951F38" docLanguage="en" docName="myrmecNews.31_133-179_printable.pdf" docOrigin="Myrmecological News 31" docSource="http://zoobank.org/0e55c0d7-531a-48d7-a078-148b96bd461d" docTitle="Formica helvetica Seifert 2021, sp.n." docType="treatment" docVersion="12" lastPageId="34" lastPageNumber="167" masterDocId="0912FF8E5E366141FFC9DA41FF91193E" masterDocTitle="A taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic members of the Formica rufa group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) - the famous mound-building red wood ants" masterLastPageNumber="179" masterPageNumber="133" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" updateTime="1643400519489" updateUser="diego">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>A taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic members of the Formica rufa group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) - the famous mound-building red wood ants</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Seifert, Bernhard</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Myrmecological News</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2021-04-28</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>31</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>133</mods:start>
<mods:end>179</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://zoobank.org/0e55c0d7-531a-48d7-a078-148b96bd461d</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.25849/myrmecol.news_031:133</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">b9f36fb1-1c9d-4af8-96ca-d57973b94862</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1997-3500</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">5582216</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">0E55C0D7-531A-48D7-A078-148B96BD461D</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5587864" ID-GBIF-Taxon="189107709" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5587864" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F52B87F65E176163FF5EDE3FFC951F38" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F52B87F65E176163FF5EDE3FFC951F38" lastPageId="34" lastPageNumber="167" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">
<subSubSection box="[151,509,1150,1178]" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="33.[151,509,1150,1178]" box="[151,509,1150,1178]" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">
<heading bold="true" box="[151,509,1150,1178]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" reason="0">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,509,1150,1178]" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">
<taxonomicName authority="Seifert, 2021" authorityName="Seifert" authorityYear="2021" box="[151,428,1150,1178]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="helvetica" status="sp.n.">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,428,1150,1178]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">Formica helvetica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[436,509,1152,1178]" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" rank="species">sp.n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="33" pageNumber="166" type="reference_group">
<paragraph blockId="33.[151,772,1201,2023]" box="[151,659,1201,1223]" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">
<taxonomicName authorityName="ZETTERSTEDT" authorityYear="1838" box="[151,385,1201,1222]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lugubris-A2">
<emphasis box="[151,345,1201,1222]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">Formica lugubris</emphasis>
-A2
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation author="BERNASCONI" box="[400,652,1201,1223]" etAl="&amp; al." firstAuthor="BERNASCONI" journalOrPublisher="Myrmecological News" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" pagination="37 - 47" part="14" refId="ref44774" refString="BERNASCONI, C., CHERIX, D., SEIFERT, B. &amp; PAMILO, P. 2011: Molecular taxonomy of the Formica rufa group (red wood ants) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): a new cryptic species in the Swiss Alps? - Myrmecological News 14: 37 - 47." title="Molecular taxonomy of the Formica rufa group (red wood ants) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): a new cryptic species in the Swiss Alps?" type="journal article" year="2011">BERNASCONI &amp; al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="33.[151,772,1201,2023]" box="[151,637,1233,1255]" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">
<taxonomicName authorityName="ZETTERSTEDT" authorityYear="1838" box="[151,468,1233,1255]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lugubrisMorphA2">
<emphasis box="[151,345,1233,1254]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">Formica lugubris</emphasis>
, morph A2
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation author="SEIFERT" bookContentInfo="408 pp." box="[482,630,1233,1255]" firstAuthor="SEIFERT" journalOrPublisher="Lutra Verlags- und Vertriebsgesellschaft, Tauer" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" refId="ref46930" refString="SEIFERT, B. 2018: The ants of Central and North Europe. - Lutra Verlags- und Vertriebsgesellschaft, Tauer, 408 pp." title="The ants of Central and North Europe" type="book" year="2018">SEIFERT 2018</bibRefCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="33" pageNumber="166" type="etymology">
<paragraph blockId="33.[151,772,1201,2023]" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">
Etymology. Referring to Helvetia, the Latin name of
<collectingCountry box="[178,313,1297,1319]" name="Switzerland" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">Switzerland</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="33" pageNumber="166" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph blockId="33.[151,772,1201,2023]" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">
<collectionCode box="[189,255,1329,1350]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">Type</collectionCode>
material.
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3387574303" collectedFrom="Pinus forest" collectingDate="2005-05-13" collectionCode="T" collectorName="Bernasconi" elevation="1767" latitude="46.7218" location="Scuol" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="10.2988" municipality="Scuol" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" specimenCode="MIN7" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-worker="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus box="[417,518,1329,1351]" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">Holotype</typeStatus>
<specimenCount box="[525,601,1329,1351]" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" type="worker">worker</specimenCount>
plus
<specimenCount box="[660,706,1329,1351]" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">four</specimenCount>
<typeStatus pageId="33" pageNumber="166">paratype</typeStatus>
workers labelled “SWI:
<geoCoordinate box="[449,570,1361,1383]" degrees="46.7218" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" precision="5" value="46.7218">46.7218° N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate box="[578,698,1361,1382]" degrees="10.2988" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" precision="5" value="10.2988">10.2988° E</geoCoordinate>
,
<collectingMunicipality box="[706,767,1361,1383]" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">Scuol</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectedFrom box="[151,281,1393,1415]" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">Pinus forest</collectedFrom>
,
<quantity box="[289,363,1393,1415]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.767" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" unit="m" value="1767.0">
<elevation box="[289,363,1393,1415]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.767" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" unit="m" value="1767.0">1767m</elevation>
</quantity>
, polydomous,
<collectorName box="[516,638,1393,1415]" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">Bernasconi</collectorName>
<date box="[642,765,1393,1415]" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" value="2005-05-13">
<collectingDate box="[642,765,1393,1415]" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" value="2005-05-13">2005.05.13</collectingDate>
</date>
-
<specimenCode box="[151,222,1425,1446]" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">MIN7</specimenCode>
”;
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3387574306" collectedFrom="Pinus forest" collectingDate="2005-05-13" collectionCode="SMN" collectorName="C. Bernasconi" elevation="1767" latitude="46.7218" location="Scuol" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="10.2988" municipality="Scuol" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" specimenCode="MIN8, MIN11, MIN13, MIN15, MIN17, MIN18, MIN20, MIN35, MIN36" specimenCount="77" specimenCount-queen="30" specimenCount-worker="47" typeStatus="paratype">
another nine nest samples from the same supercolony with
<specimenCount box="[333,360,1457,1478]" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" type="worker">47</specimenCount>
<typeStatus box="[369,471,1457,1478]" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">paratype</typeStatus>
workers and
<specimenCount box="[631,659,1457,1478]" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" type="queen">30</specimenCount>
<typeStatus box="[669,771,1457,1478]" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">paratype</typeStatus>
gynes collected by
<collectorName box="[351,501,1489,1511]" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">C. Bernasconi</collectorName>
in the years
<collectingDate box="[634,690,1489,1511]" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">2005</collectingDate>
- 2008, sample numbers
<specimenCode box="[338,406,1521,1542]" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">MIN8</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode box="[416,496,1521,1542]" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">MIN11</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode box="[507,587,1521,1542]" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">MIN13</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode box="[598,679,1520,1542]" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">MIN15</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode box="[689,767,1521,1542]" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">MIN17</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode box="[151,234,1553,1574]" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">MIN18</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode box="[247,331,1553,1574]" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">MIN20</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode box="[343,427,1552,1574]" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">MIN35</specimenCode>
, and
<specimenCode box="[490,574,1553,1575]" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">MIN36</specimenCode>
; depository
<collectionCode box="[714,770,1553,1574]" collectionName="SMN" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">SMN</collectionCode>
Görlitz.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="33.[151,772,1201,2023]" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">
All material examined. Numeric phenotypical data were recorded in nine nest samples with
<specimenCount box="[650,771,1649,1671]" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" type="worker">30 workers</specimenCount>
and 28 gynes. All originated from the supercolony of the
<typeStatus box="[151,200,1713,1734]" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">type</typeStatus>
locality. For details, see SI1, SI2, and SI3.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="33" pageNumber="166" type="distribution">
<paragraph blockId="33.[151,772,1201,2023]" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">
Geographic range. Only known from the
<typeStatus box="[722,771,1745,1766]" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">type</typeStatus>
locality in
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F52B87F65E176163FF5EDE3FFC951F38:785D603B5E176160FEC5DCB0FE341E39" box="[268,421,1777,1799]" municipality="Eastern Swiss Alps" name="Minger Valley" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">Mingèr Valley</location>
in the
<collectingMunicipality box="[497,708,1777,1799]" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">Eastern Swiss Alps</collectingMunicipality>
at altitudes between 1700 and
<quantity box="[438,520,1809,1830]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" unit="m" value="2000.0">
<elevation box="[438,520,1809,1830]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" unit="m" value="2000.0">2000 m</elevation>
</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="33" pageNumber="166" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph blockId="33.[151,772,1201,2023]" lastBlockId="33.[816,1439,177,2023]" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">
Diagnosis of worker (
<tableCitation box="[535,624,1841,1863]" captionStart="Tab" captionStartId="13.[151,192,177,199]" captionTargetBox="[157,1429,288,1995]" captionTargetId="graphics-50@13.[150,1436,281,2018]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Tab.3: Workers of species similar to Formica pratensis and Formica lugubris; head size and RAV-corrected data for the assumption of each individual having a head size of 1750µm; data given as arithmetic mean ± standard deviation (lower extreme, upper extreme) number of individuals." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/29FD66685E3B614CFF5EDAF0FDB11839" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">Tab. 3</tableCitation>
,
<figureCitation box="[654,766,1841,1863]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="10.[151,197,1442,1464]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,170,1418]" captionTargetId="figure-13@10.[151,1003,540,877]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figs.14-20: (14-lugu) Formica lugubris, worker, normal morph, head; central vertex suggestedly shiny due to weaker transverse microsculpture. (15-lugu) Formica lugubris, worker, Hippie morph, head; central vertex suggestedly shiny due to weaker transverse microsculpture. (16-helv) Formica helvetica sp.n., worker, holotype, head. (17-helv) Formica helvetica sp.n., worker, holotype, lateral. (18-trun) Formica truncorum, worker, head. (19-trun) Formica truncorum, gyne, head. (20-sine) Formica sinensis, worker, lateral; note the contrast between weak pronotal and strong gular pilosity." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5582239" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5582239/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">Figs. 16</figureCitation>
and
<figureCitation box="[215,246,1873,1894]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="10.[151,197,1442,1464]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,170,1418]" captionTargetId="figure-13@10.[151,1003,540,877]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figs.14-20: (14-lugu) Formica lugubris, worker, normal morph, head; central vertex suggestedly shiny due to weaker transverse microsculpture. (15-lugu) Formica lugubris, worker, Hippie morph, head; central vertex suggestedly shiny due to weaker transverse microsculpture. (16-helv) Formica helvetica sp.n., worker, holotype, head. (17-helv) Formica helvetica sp.n., worker, holotype, lateral. (18-trun) Formica truncorum, worker, head. (19-trun) Formica truncorum, gyne, head. (20-sine) Formica sinensis, worker, lateral; note the contrast between weak pronotal and strong gular pilosity." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5582239" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5582239/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">17</figureCitation>
). Small, as it is expected for a supercolonial social phenot ype, mean and maximum
<collectionCode box="[539,569,1905,1926]" country="France" name="Musee des Dinosaures d'Esperaza (Aude)" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">CS</collectionCode>
1663 and
<quantity box="[673,768,1905,1927]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.966" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" unit="mm" value="1966.0">1966µm</quantity>
. Scape as short as but on average less thickset than in Alpine
<taxonomicName authority=", SL" authorityName="SL" box="[206,442,1969,1990]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lugubris">
<emphasis box="[206,401,1969,1990]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">Formica lugubris</emphasis>
, SL
</taxonomicName>
/
<collectionCode box="[468,497,1969,1990]" country="France" name="Musee des Dinosaures d'Esperaza (Aude)" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">CS</collectionCode>
<subScript attach="left" box="[498,536,1978,1992]" fontSize="6" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">1750</subScript>
0.904,
<collectionCode box="[618,646,1969,1990]" country="Sierra Leone" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14608" name="University of Sierra Leone, Njala University College" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" type="Herbarium">SL</collectionCode>
/ Smax
<subScript attach="left" box="[733,771,1978,1992]" fontSize="6" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">1750</subScript>
9.47. Petiole width and setae number as in Alpine
<emphasis box="[687,860,177,2022]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">F. lugu- bris</emphasis>
but setae length on average larger, EyeHL
<subScript attach="left" box="[1319,1357,186,200]" fontSize="6" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">1750</subScript>
<quantity box="[1363,1430,177,198]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.7" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" unit="mm" value="37.0">37µm</quantity>
, OccHL
<subScript attach="left" box="[891,928,218,232]" fontSize="6" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">1750</subScript>
<quantity box="[932,1011,209,230]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3199999999999998" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" unit="mm" value="132.0">132µm</quantity>
, mPnHL
<subScript attach="left" box="[1105,1142,218,232]" fontSize="6" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">1750</subScript>
<quantity box="[1147,1226,209,230]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1099999999999999" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" unit="mm" value="111.0">111µm</quantity>
, MetHL
<subScript attach="left" box="[1310,1347,218,232]" fontSize="6" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">1750</subScript>
<quantity box="[1351,1433,209,230]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.88" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" unit="mm" value="188.0">188 µm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="33.[816,1439,177,2023]" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">
Diagnosis of gyne (
<tableCitation box="[1167,1256,241,263]" captionStart="Tab" captionStartId="17.[151,191,177,199]" captionTargetBox="[158,1429,261,1991]" captionTargetId="graphics-26@17.[151,1436,249,2017]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Tab.7: Gynes of species with richer pilosity; data given as arithmetic mean ± standard deviation (lower extreme, upper extreme) number of individuals." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/29FD66685E276150FF5EDAF0FEEE19D9" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">Tab. 7</tableCitation>
). Size slightly smaller than in Alpine
<taxonomicName box="[1063,1256,273,294]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lugubris">
<emphasis box="[1063,1256,273,294]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">Formica lugubris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, mean and maximum
<collectionCode box="[887,917,305,326]" country="France" name="Musee des Dinosaures d'Esperaza (Aude)" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">CS</collectionCode>
2126 and
<quantity box="[1029,1126,305,326]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.278" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" unit="mm" value="2278.0">2278 µm</quantity>
. Head short,
<collectionCode box="[1270,1301,305,326]" country="Romania" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15579" name="Babes-Bolyai University" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" type="Herbarium">CL</collectionCode>
/ CW 0.999. Scape on average longer and less thickset than in morph A3 of Alpine
<taxonomicName authority=", SL" authorityName="SL" box="[921,1040,369,390]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lugubris">
<emphasis box="[921,1040,369,390]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">F. lugubris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, SL /
<collectionCode box="[1103,1133,369,390]" country="France" name="Musee des Dinosaures d'Esperaza (Aude)" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">CS</collectionCode>
0.797,
<collectionCode box="[1209,1237,369,390]" country="Sierra Leone" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14608" name="University of Sierra Leone, Njala University College" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" type="Herbarium">SL</collectionCode>
/ Smax 8.41. Eyes always with rather long setae, EyeHL
<quantity box="[1220,1290,401,422]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.4" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" unit="mm" value="44.0">44µm</quantity>
. Dorsal plane of scape usually without or very few setae, nSc 0.4. Posterior margin of head always with setae, these on average longer than in morph A3 of Alpine
<taxonomicName box="[1195,1314,497,518]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lugubris">
<emphasis box="[1195,1314,497,518]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">F. lugubris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, nCH 18.5, OccHL
<quantity box="[897,979,529,550]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7899999999999998" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" unit="mm" value="179.0">179µm</quantity>
. Setae number comparable with morph A1 and A3 of Alpine
<taxonomicName box="[1001,1120,561,582]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lugubris">
<emphasis box="[1001,1120,561,582]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">F. lugubris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but seta length larger than in morph A3, nGu 17.2, GuHL
<quantity box="[1110,1191,593,614]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.03" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" unit="mm" value="303.0">303µm</quantity>
, PnHL
<quantity box="[1269,1350,593,615]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.36" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" unit="mm" value="236.0">236µm</quantity>
, MetHL
<quantity box="[816,898,625,646]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.87" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" unit="mm" value="287.0">287µm</quantity>
, nPe 13.7. Dorsal surface of gaster appears at lower magnification more or less shiny. Dorsum of first gaster tergite usually with weak transverse microripples and with foveolae and pubescence being on average more densely packed than in
<taxonomicName authorityName="LINNAEUS" authorityYear="1761" box="[980,1126,753,774]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufa">
<emphasis box="[980,1126,753,774]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">Formica rufa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or
<taxonomicName authorityName="FOERSTER" authorityYear="1850" box="[1159,1365,753,774]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polyctena">
<emphasis box="[1159,1365,753,774]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">Formica polyctena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, FodG
<quantity box="[816,905,785,807]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.61" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" unit="mm" value="26.1">26.1 µm</quantity>
, sqPDG
<quantity box="[996,1087,785,806]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.84" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" unit="mm" value="4.84">4.84 µm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="34" lastPageNumber="167" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" type="discussion">
<paragraph blockId="33.[816,1439,177,2023]" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">
Taxonomic comments and clustering results.
<taxonomicName authority="Seifert, 2021" authorityName="Seifert" authorityYear="2021" box="[939,1138,849,870]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="helvetica" status="sp.n.">
<emphasis box="[939,1138,849,870]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">Formica helvetica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1144,1196,849,870]" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" rank="species">sp.n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is the first ant species I describe as new without having a sufficiently clear mor- phological diagnosis. This decision is certainly a risk, considering the patchwork situation in Alpine
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lugubris">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">Formica lugubris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
populations. However, this taxonomic act is intended as a constructive, positively provocative hypothesis for future ant students to re-investigate the case with more advanced methods. The recognition as species here is largely based on an apparently clear clustering by nuclear DNA and moderate support by gyne morphology.
<bibRefCitation author="BERNASCONI" box="[816,1098,1169,1191]" etAl="&amp; al." firstAuthor="BERNASCONI" journalOrPublisher="Myrmecological News" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" pagination="37 - 47" part="14" refId="ref44774" refString="BERNASCONI, C., CHERIX, D., SEIFERT, B. &amp; PAMILO, P. 2011: Molecular taxonomy of the Formica rufa group (red wood ants) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): a new cryptic species in the Swiss Alps? - Myrmecological News 14: 37 - 47." title="Molecular taxonomy of the Formica rufa group (red wood ants) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): a new cryptic species in the Swiss Alps?" type="journal article" year="2011">BERNASCONI &amp; al. (2011)</bibRefCitation>
investigated nine microsatellite markers in seven
<taxonomicName authorityName="LINNAEUS" authorityYear="1761" box="[1053,1202,1201,1222]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufa">
<emphasis box="[1053,1202,1201,1222]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">Formica rufa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group species in and around the Swiss National Park in East
<collectingCountry box="[1240,1374,1233,1255]" name="Switzerland" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">Switzerland</collectingCountry>
. They showed a clear difference between
<taxonomicName authority="Seifert, 2021" authorityName="Seifert" authorityYear="2021" box="[1186,1310,1265,1286]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="helvetica" status="sp.n.">
<emphasis box="[1186,1310,1265,1286]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">F. helvetica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1315,1366,1265,1286]" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" rank="species">sp.n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
and
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lugubris">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">F. lugubris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(in Mingèr Valley represented by morph A1) and five other
<taxonomicName authorityName="LINNAEUS" authorityYear="1761" box="[922,994,1329,1350]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufa">
<emphasis box="[922,994,1329,1350]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">F.rufa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group species sympatrically occurring in the area. The genetic distance between
<taxonomicName authority="Seifert, 2021" authorityName="Seifert" authorityYear="2021" box="[1251,1377,1361,1382]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="helvetica" status="sp.n.">
<emphasis box="[1251,1377,1361,1382]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">F. helvetica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1384,1437,1361,1382]" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" rank="species">sp.n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
and
<taxonomicName box="[865,987,1393,1414]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lugubris">
<emphasis box="[865,987,1393,1414]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">F. lugubris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<subScript attach="left" box="[1017,1031,1402,1416]" fontSize="6" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">Fst</subScript>
= 0.101) was comparable with those between
<taxonomicName box="[917,1127,1425,1446]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aquilonia">
<emphasis box="[917,1127,1425,1446]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">Formica aquilonia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName authorityName="SEIFERT" authorityYear="1996" box="[1184,1436,1425,1446]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paralugubris">
<emphasis box="[1184,1436,1425,1446]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">Formica paralugubris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<subScript attach="left" box="[841,855,1466,1480]" fontSize="6" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">Fst</subScript>
= 0.117), or between
<taxonomicName box="[1111,1237,1457,1478]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lugubris">
<emphasis box="[1111,1237,1457,1478]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">F. lugubris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName box="[1297,1436,1457,1478]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aquilonia">
<emphasis box="[1297,1436,1457,1478]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">F. aquilonia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<subScript attach="left" box="[840,854,1498,1512]" fontSize="6" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">Fst</subScript>
= 0.130) but lower than between monodomous and polydomous populations of
<taxonomicName box="[1130,1253,1521,1542]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lugubris">
<emphasis box="[1130,1253,1521,1542]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">F. lugubris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in another area of the Swiss National Park (
<bibRefCitation author="BERNASCONI" box="[1146,1424,1552,1575]" etAl="&amp; al." firstAuthor="BERNASCONI" journalOrPublisher="Annales Zoologici Fennici" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" pagination="189 - 199" part="42" refId="ref44831" refString="BERNASCONI, C., MAEDER, A., CHERIX, D. &amp; PAMILO, P. 2005: Diversity and genetic structure of the wood ant Formica lugubris in unmanaged forests. - Annales Zoologici Fennici 42: 189 - 199." title="Diversity and genetic structure of the wood ant Formica lugubris in unmanaged forests" type="journal article" year="2005">BERNASCONI &amp; al. 2005</bibRefCitation>
). The mtDNA of
<taxonomicName authority="Seifert, 2021" authorityName="Seifert" authorityYear="2021" box="[982,1109,1585,1606]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="helvetica" status="sp.n.">
<emphasis box="[982,1109,1585,1606]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">F. helvetica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1116,1168,1585,1606]" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" rank="species">sp.n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
clustered with that of
<taxonomicName authorityName="SEIFERT" authorityYear="1996" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paralugubris">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">F. paralugubris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName box="[1020,1153,1617,1638]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aquilonia">
<emphasis box="[1020,1153,1617,1638]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">F. aquilonia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which may suggest a hybridogenous evolutionary history, but also that there was no influx of genes by immigration of
<taxonomicName box="[1217,1336,1681,1702]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lugubris">
<emphasis box="[1217,1336,1681,1702]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">F. lugubris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
gynes.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="33.[816,1439,177,2023]" lastBlockId="34.[151,772,913,1542]" lastPageId="34" lastPageNumber="167" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">
The morphological clustering of workers failed when the whole Alpine population from the French Jura to Eastern
<collectingCountry box="[905,985,1777,1799]" name="Austria" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">Austria</collectingCountry>
was considered. Running an LDA with the characters
<collectionCode box="[936,969,1809,1830]" country="France" name="Musee des Dinosaures d'Esperaza (Aude)" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">CS</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode box="[978,1009,1809,1830]" country="Romania" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15579" name="Babes-Bolyai University" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" type="Herbarium">CL</collectionCode>
/ CW
<subScript attach="right" box="[1072,1110,1818,1832]" fontSize="6" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">1750</subScript>
,
<collectionCode box="[1122,1150,1809,1830]" country="Sierra Leone" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14608" name="University of Sierra Leone, Njala University College" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" type="Herbarium">SL</collectionCode>
/
<collectionCode box="[1173,1202,1809,1830]" country="France" name="Musee des Dinosaures d'Esperaza (Aude)" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">CS</collectionCode>
<subScript attach="left" box="[1202,1240,1818,1832]" fontSize="6" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">1750</subScript>
, nSc
<subScript attach="left" box="[1291,1329,1818,1832]" fontSize="6" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">1750</subScript>
, nCH
<subScript attach="left" box="[1391,1429,1818,1832]" fontSize="6" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">1750</subScript>
, OccHL
<subScript attach="right" box="[892,930,1850,1864]" fontSize="6" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">1750</subScript>
, mPnHL
<subScript attach="right" box="[1027,1065,1850,1864]" fontSize="6" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">1750</subScript>
, and nMet
<subScript attach="left" box="[1178,1216,1850,1864]" fontSize="6" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">1750</subScript>
, all
<specimenCount box="[1258,1386,1841,1863]" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" type="worker">nine worker</specimenCount>
nest samples of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Seifert" authorityYear="2021" box="[939,1139,1873,1894]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="helvetica">
<emphasis box="[939,1139,1873,1894]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">Formica helvetica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were allocated to the same cluster, but this cluster was shared with nine
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lugubris">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">Formica lugubris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
samples of the morph A1 from nine different lo- calities. This meant a classification error of 9.3% in a total of
<specimenCount box="[843,952,2001,2023]" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" type="worker">97 worker</specimenCount>
samples. The misplaced
<taxonomicName box="[1223,1342,2001,2022]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lugubris">
<emphasis box="[1223,1342,2001,2022]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="166">F. lugubris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
samples came from all over the Alps and included a population from
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F52B87F65E176163FF5EDE3FFC951F38:785D603B5E146163FF5ED9F0FE001AF9" box="[151,401,945,967]" name="Grande Rolat in Swiss" pageId="34" pageNumber="167" stateProvince="Jura">Grande Rolat in Swiss</location>
<collectingRegion box="[409,459,945,966]" country="Switzerland" name="Jura" pageId="34" pageNumber="167">Jura</collectingRegion>
which had been intensively studied biologically, genetically and morphologically over many years.
</paragraph>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5582279" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5582279" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5582279/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="167" startId="34.[151,186,657,679]" targetBox="[161,762,173,641]" targetPageId="34">
<paragraph blockId="34.[151,772,593,839]" pageId="34" pageNumber="167">
Fig. 31: Nest-sample means of a linear discriminant analysis and principal component analysis of
<taxonomicName box="[510,684,689,710]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lugubris">
<emphasis box="[510,684,689,710]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="167">Formica lugubris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
complex gynes considering eight phenotypic characters;
<taxonomicName authority="Seifert, 2021" authorityName="Seifert" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="helvetica" status="sp.n.">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="167">Formica helvetica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[217,266,753,774]" pageId="34" pageNumber="167" rank="species">sp.n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(white dots),
<taxonomicName box="[397,505,753,774]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lugubris">
<emphasis box="[397,505,753,774]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="167">F.lugubris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
morph A1 (black squares),
<taxonomicName box="[151,262,785,806]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lugubris">
<emphasis box="[151,262,785,806]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="167">F. lugubris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
morph A3 (squares with white center). The means were calculated from 28, 38, and 18 individuals for each entity.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph blockId="34.[151,772,913,1542]" pageId="34" pageNumber="167">
The situation in gynes appears better, but the low sample size of only
<specimenCount box="[374,527,1073,1095]" pageId="34" pageNumber="167" type="generic">28 specimens</specimenCount>
in
<taxonomicName authority="Seifert, 2021" authorityName="Seifert" authorityYear="2021" box="[566,771,1073,1094]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="helvetica" status="sp.n.">
<emphasis box="[566,771,1073,1094]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="167">Formica helvetica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[151,204,1105,1126]" pageId="34" pageNumber="167" rank="species">sp.n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
required a strong character reduction, performed by a stepwise LDA. Using the eight characters
<collectionCode box="[678,707,1137,1158]" country="Sierra Leone" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14608" name="University of Sierra Leone, Njala University College" pageId="34" pageNumber="167" type="Herbarium">SL</collectionCode>
/
<collectionCode box="[734,767,1137,1158]" country="France" name="Musee des Dinosaures d'Esperaza (Aude)" pageId="34" pageNumber="167">CS</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode box="[151,179,1169,1190]" country="Sierra Leone" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14608" name="University of Sierra Leone, Njala University College" pageId="34" pageNumber="167" type="Herbarium">SL</collectionCode>
/ Smax, PeW /
<collectionCode box="[361,394,1169,1190]" country="France" name="Musee des Dinosaures d'Esperaza (Aude)" pageId="34" pageNumber="167">CS</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode box="[406,444,1169,1190]" country="France" name="Musee de Lectoure" pageId="34" pageNumber="167">ML</collectionCode>
/
<collectionCode box="[471,504,1169,1190]" country="France" name="Musee des Dinosaures d'Esperaza (Aude)" pageId="34" pageNumber="167">CS</collectionCode>
, nSc, nMes, GuHL, and nHT, the nest sample means of the LDA scores provide a rather good separation of
<taxonomicName authority="Seifert, 2021" authorityName="Seifert" authorityYear="2021" box="[439,567,1233,1254]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="helvetica" status="sp.n.">
<emphasis box="[439,567,1233,1254]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="167">F. helvetica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[574,626,1233,1254]" pageId="34" pageNumber="167" rank="species">sp.n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(
<figureCitation box="[642,715,1233,1255]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="34.[151,186,657,679]" captionTargetBox="[161,762,173,641]" captionTargetId="graphics-1001@34.[204,756,176,600]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="Fig. 31: Nest-sample means of a linear discriminant analysis and principal component analysis of Formicalugubris complex gynes considering eight phenotypic characters; Formica helvetica sp.n. (white dots), F.lugubris morph A1 (black squares), F.lugubris morph A3 (squares with white center). The means were calculated from 28, 38, and 18 individuals foreach entity." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5582279" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5582279/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="167">Fig. 31</figureCitation>
), but the figure also shows that the first component of the PCA (calculated from the same eight characters as the LDA) does not expose
<taxonomicName authorityName="Seifert" authorityYear="2021" box="[343,475,1329,1350]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="helvetica">
<emphasis box="[343,475,1329,1350]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="167">F. helvetica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but separates instead the
<taxonomicName box="[151,345,1361,1382]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lugubris">
<emphasis box="[151,345,1361,1382]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="167">Formica lugubris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
morphs A1 and A3.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="34" pageNumber="167" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph blockId="34.[151,772,913,1542]" pageId="34" pageNumber="167">
Habitat and biology. The supercolony stretched along a transect of about 1.6k m length within a
<taxonomicName box="[645,706,1425,1446]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="34" pageNumber="167" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[645,706,1425,1446]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="167">Pinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
forest on limestone ground. The social structure is comparable with that of
<taxonomicName box="[284,490,1488,1510]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aquilonia">
<emphasis box="[284,490,1488,1510]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="167">Formica aquilonia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, with mating intranidally or within the colony borders and high genetic viscosity.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

322
data/F5/2B/87/F52B87F65E206156FC9FD9AEFF751F39.xml Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,322 @@
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5587861" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b9f36fb1-1c9d-4af8-96ca-d57973b94862" ID-GBIF-Taxon="192710754" ID-ISSN="1997-3500" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5587861" approvalRequired="1" checkinTime="1619623649741" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Seifert, Bernhard" docDate="2021" docId="F52B87F65E206156FC9FD9AEFF751F39" docLanguage="en" docName="myrmecNews.31_133-179_printable.pdf" docOrigin="Myrmecological News 31" docSource="http://zoobank.org/0e55c0d7-531a-48d7-a078-148b96bd461d" docTitle="Formica minor GoSSWALD 1951" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="156" masterDocId="0912FF8E5E366141FFC9DA41FF91193E" masterDocTitle="A taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic members of the Formica rufa group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) - the famous mound-building red wood ants" masterLastPageNumber="179" masterPageNumber="133" pageId="22" pageNumber="155" updateTime="1643400318318" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>A taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic members of the Formica rufa group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) - the famous mound-building red wood ants</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Seifert, Bernhard</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Myrmecological News</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2021-04-28</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>31</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>133</mods:start>
<mods:end>179</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://zoobank.org/0e55c0d7-531a-48d7-a078-148b96bd461d</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.25849/myrmecol.news_031:133</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">b9f36fb1-1c9d-4af8-96ca-d57973b94862</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1997-3500</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">5582216</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">0E55C0D7-531A-48D7-A078-148B96BD461D</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5587861" ID-GBIF-Taxon="192710754" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5587861" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F52B87F65E206156FC9FD9AEFF751F39" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F52B87F65E206156FC9FD9AEFF751F39" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="156" pageId="22" pageNumber="155">
<subSubSection box="[854,1265,1007,1030]" pageId="22" pageNumber="155" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="22.[816,1437,465,2023]" box="[854,1265,1007,1030]" pageId="22" pageNumber="155">
<taxonomicName authority="GoSSWALD, 1951" authorityName="GoSSWALD" authorityYear="1951" box="[854,1265,1007,1030]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minor">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[854,1265,1007,1030]" pageId="22" pageNumber="155">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[854,1050,1007,1030]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="155">Formica minor</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="GoSSWALD" box="[1056,1265,1008,1030]" firstAuthor="GoSSWALD" journalOrPublisher="Zeitschrift fur Angewandte Entomologie" pageId="22" pageNumber="155" pagination="433 - 457" part="32" refId="ref45716" refString="GOSSWALD, K. 1951: Zur Biologie, Okologie und Morphologie einer neuen Varietat der Kleinen Roten Waldameise: Formica minor pratensoides. - Zeitschrift fur Angewandte Entomologie 32: 433 - 457." title="Zur Biologie, Okologie und Morphologie einer neuen Varietat der Kleinen Roten Waldameise: Formica minor pratensoides" type="journal article" year="1951">GÖSSWALD, 1951</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection box="[816,1317,1040,1064]" pageId="22" pageNumber="155" type="reference_group">
<paragraph blockId="22.[816,1437,465,2023]" box="[816,1317,1040,1064]" pageId="22" pageNumber="155">
<treatmentCitation box="[816,1172,1040,1064]" pageId="22" pageNumber="155">
<taxonomicName authority="GOSSWALD, 1951" authorityName="GoSSWALD" authorityYear="1951" box="[816,1172,1040,1064]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minor">
<emphasis box="[816,984,1041,1062]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="155">Formica minor</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="GOSSWALD" box="[990,1172,1040,1064]" firstAuthor="GOSSWALD" journalOrPublisher="Zeitschrift fur Angewandte Entomologie" pageId="22" pageNumber="155" pagination="433 - 457" part="32" refId="ref45716" refString="GOSSWALD, K. 1951: Zur Biologie, Okologie und Morphologie einer neuen Varietat der Kleinen Roten Waldameise: Formica minor pratensoides. - Zeitschrift fur Angewandte Entomologie 32: 433 - 457." title="Zur Biologie, Okologie und Morphologie einer neuen Varietat der Kleinen Roten Waldameise: Formica minor pratensoides" type="journal article" year="1951">GÖSSWALD, 1951</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
[description]
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="22" pageNumber="155" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph blockId="22.[816,1437,465,2023]" pageId="22" pageNumber="155">
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F52B87F65E206156FC9FD9AEFF751F39:785D603B5E206157FC9FDE70FC171D79" box="[854,902,1073,1095]" country="Germany" municipality="Wurzburg" name="This" pageId="22" pageNumber="155">This</location>
taxon was described from near
<collectingMunicipality box="[1252,1363,1073,1095]" pageId="22" pageNumber="155">Würzburg</collectingMunicipality>
/
<collectingCountry name="Germany" pageId="22" pageNumber="155">Germany</collectingCountry>
.
<bibRefCitation author="GOSSWALD" box="[892,1086,1104,1128]" firstAuthor="GOSSWALD" journalOrPublisher="Zeitschrift fur Angewandte Entomologie" pageId="22" pageNumber="155" pagination="433 - 457" part="32" refId="ref45716" refString="GOSSWALD, K. 1951: Zur Biologie, Okologie und Morphologie einer neuen Varietat der Kleinen Roten Waldameise: Formica minor pratensoides. - Zeitschrift fur Angewandte Entomologie 32: 433 - 457." title="Zur Biologie, Okologie und Morphologie einer neuen Varietat der Kleinen Roten Waldameise: Formica minor pratensoides" type="journal article" year="1951">GÖSSWALD (1951)</bibRefCitation>
apparently did not define
<typeStatus box="[1387,1434,1105,1126]" pageId="22" pageNumber="155">type</typeStatus>
specimens but everything he reported in his lengthy treatise makes clear that he meant
<taxonomicName authorityName="FOERSTER" authorityYear="1850" box="[1155,1364,1169,1190]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polyctena">
<emphasis box="[1155,1364,1169,1190]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="155">Formica polyctena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="22.[816,1437,465,2023]" pageId="22" pageNumber="155">
All material examined. The full set of numeric phenotypical data was recorded in 58 nest samples with
<specimenCount box="[816,950,1265,1287]" pageId="22" pageNumber="155" type="worker">314 workers</specimenCount>
and 33 gynes; for details, see SI1, SI2, and SI3. The total number of mounted samples stored in SMN Görlitz and investigated either subjectively or by partial or complete numeric recording of the phenotypical characters used here was 69. These included
<specimenCount box="[1255,1389,1393,1415]" pageId="22" pageNumber="155" type="worker">329 workers</specimenCount>
and 32 gynes and originated from
<collectingCountry box="[1137,1228,1425,1447]" name="Belgium" pageId="22" pageNumber="155">Belgium</collectingCountry>
(one),
<collectingCountry box="[1297,1383,1425,1447]" name="Finland" pageId="22" pageNumber="155">Finland</collectingCountry>
(10),
<collectingCountry box="[816,892,1457,1478]" name="France" pageId="22" pageNumber="155">France</collectingCountry>
(one),
<collectingCountry box="[968,1070,1457,1478]" name="Germany" pageId="22" pageNumber="155">Germany</collectingCountry>
(45),
<collectingCountry box="[1136,1212,1457,1479]" name="Poland" pageId="22" pageNumber="155">Poland</collectingCountry>
(one),
<collectingCountry box="[1288,1361,1457,1479]" name="Russia" pageId="22" pageNumber="155">Russia</collectingCountry>
(four), and
<collectingCountry box="[867,1002,1489,1511]" name="Switzerland" pageId="22" pageNumber="155">Switzerland</collectingCountry>
(seven).
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F52B87F65E206156FC9FD9AEFF751F39:785D603B5E206157FB9ADF90FB531CD9" box="[1107,1218,1489,1511]" country="Belgium" municipality="Moscow region" name="Character" pageId="22" pageNumber="155">Character</location>
recording in ethanol-stored material according to the former investigation protocol of
<bibRefCitation author="SEIFERT" box="[937,1099,1553,1575]" firstAuthor="SEIFERT" journalOrPublisher="Abhandlungen und Berichte des Naturkundemuseums Gorlitz" pageId="22" pageNumber="155" pagination="1 - 27" part="65" refId="ref46529" refString="SEIFERT, B. 1991: The phenotypes of the Formica rufa complex in East Germany. - Abhandlungen und Berichte des Naturkundemuseums Gorlitz 65: 1 - 27." title="The phenotypes of the Formica rufa complex in East Germany" type="journal article" year="1991">SEIFERT (1991)</bibRefCitation>
was done until the year
<quantity box="[1356,1436,1553,1575]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.06222" pageId="22" pageNumber="155" unit="in" value="1993.0">1993 in</quantity>
further 176 nest samples with about 1800 workers largely from
<collectingCountry box="[876,978,1617,1638]" name="Germany" pageId="22" pageNumber="155">Germany</collectingCountry>
and the
<collectingMunicipality box="[1072,1241,1617,1639]" pageId="22" pageNumber="155">Moscow region</collectingMunicipality>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="156" pageId="22" pageNumber="155" type="distribution">
<paragraph blockId="22.[816,1437,465,2023]" lastBlockId="23.[151,773,177,1543]" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="156" pageId="22" pageNumber="155">
Geographic range. Whole range apparently similar to that of
<taxonomicName authorityName="LINNAEUS" authorityYear="1761" box="[1000,1146,1681,1702]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufa">
<emphasis box="[1000,1146,1681,1702]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="155">Formica rufa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
:
<collectingCountry box="[1158,1224,1681,1703]" name="Georgia" pageId="22" pageNumber="155">Iberia</collectingCountry>
to Lake Baikal. The clearly confirmed occurrence in Europe extends between
<geoCoordinate box="[816,881,1745,1766]" degrees="42" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="22" pageNumber="155" precision="55555" value="42.0">42° N</geoCoordinate>
und
<geoCoordinate box="[941,1006,1745,1767]" degrees="61" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="22" pageNumber="155" precision="55555" value="61.0">61° N</geoCoordinate>
; absent from British Isles,
<collectingCountry box="[1311,1436,1745,1767]" name="Turkey" pageId="22" pageNumber="155">Asia Minor</collectingCountry>
and Caucasus. The northern distributional border in Fennoscandia and Siberia and the upper altitudinal limit in Central European mountains are not exactly known because of frequent confusion with
<taxonomicName authorityName="YARROW" authorityYear="1955" box="[1182,1389,1873,1894]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aquilonia">
<emphasis box="[1182,1389,1873,1894]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="155">Formica aquilonia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and occurrence of
<taxonomicName authorityName="YARROW" authorityYear="1955" box="[965,1093,1905,1926]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aquilonia">
<emphasis box="[965,1093,1905,1926]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="155">F. aquilonia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
×
<taxonomicName authorityName="FOERSTER" authorityYear="1850" box="[1117,1224,1905,1926]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polyctena">
<emphasis box="[1117,1224,1905,1926]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="155">polyctena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
hybrid populations. The putative northern limit in
<collectingCountry box="[1144,1230,1937,1959]" name="Finland" pageId="22" pageNumber="155">Finland</collectingCountry>
is at
<geoCoordinate box="[1282,1344,1937,1959]" degrees="63" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="22" pageNumber="155" precision="55555" value="63.0">63° N</geoCoordinate>
or along the -10 °C January isotherm. Natural distribution in the Giant Mountains (
<collectingCountry box="[1018,1105,2001,2023]" name="Czech Republic" pageId="22" pageNumber="155">Czechia</collectingCountry>
) up to
<quantity box="[1183,1251,2001,2022]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="22" pageNumber="155" unit="m" value="800.0">800 m</quantity>
(here artificially introduced at
<quantity box="[309,387,177,198]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.02" pageId="23" pageNumber="156" unit="m" value="1020.0">1020 m</quantity>
), in the Alps ascending to
<quantity box="[690,773,177,198]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="23" pageNumber="156" unit="m" value="1200.0">1200 m</quantity>
at least.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="23" pageNumber="156" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph blockId="23.[151,773,177,1543]" pageId="23" pageNumber="156">
Diagnosis of worker (
<tableCitation box="[509,594,241,263]" captionStart="Tab" captionStartId="11.[151,191,177,199]" captionTargetBox="[157,1429,282,1993]" captionTargetId="graphics-49@11.[151,1436,275,2018]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Tab.1: Workers of species and hybrids close to Formica rufa; head size and RAV-corrected data for the assumption of each individual having a head size of 1750 µm; data given as arithmetic mean ± standard deviation (lower extreme, upper extreme) number of individuals." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/29FD66685E3D614AFF5EDAF0FEEE1839" pageId="23" pageNumber="156">Tab. 1</tableCitation>
, key). Clearly smaller than
<taxonomicName authorityName="LINNAEUS" authorityYear="1761" box="[295,443,273,294]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="156" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufa">
<emphasis box="[295,443,273,294]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="156">Formica rufa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, mean and maximum
<collectionCode box="[688,718,273,294]" country="France" name="Musee des Dinosaures d'Esperaza (Aude)" pageId="23" pageNumber="156">CS</collectionCode>
over all social
<typeStatus box="[254,314,305,326]" pageId="23" pageNumber="156">types</typeStatus>
1669 and
<quantity box="[427,523,305,327]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0669999999999997" pageId="23" pageNumber="156" unit="mm" value="2067.0">2067µm</quantity>
. Scape rather long and slender, SL /
<collectionCode box="[302,331,337,358]" country="France" name="Musee des Dinosaures d'Esperaza (Aude)" pageId="23" pageNumber="156">CS</collectionCode>
<subScript attach="left" box="[331,369,346,360]" fontSize="6" pageId="23" pageNumber="156">1750</subScript>
0.932, SL / Smax
<subScript attach="left" box="[571,609,346,360]" fontSize="6" pageId="23" pageNumber="156">1750</subScript>
9.97. Setae on eyes short, EyeHL
<subScript attach="left" box="[347,385,378,392]" fontSize="6" pageId="23" pageNumber="156">1750</subScript>
<quantity box="[391,459,369,390]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="23" pageNumber="156" unit="mm" value="17.0">17µm</quantity>
; on posterior margin of head nearly always missing and, if present, usually of minute size; gular, pronotal, mesopleural and propodeal setae sparse and rather short, nGu
<subScript attach="left" box="[476,514,474,488]" fontSize="6" pageId="23" pageNumber="156">1750</subScript>
1.46, GuHL
<subScript attach="left" box="[652,690,474,488]" fontSize="6" pageId="23" pageNumber="156">1750</subScript>
<quantity box="[698,767,465,487]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.1" pageId="23" pageNumber="156" unit="mm" value="51.0">51 µm</quantity>
, nPn
<subScript attach="left" box="[196,234,506,520]" fontSize="6" pageId="23" pageNumber="156">1750</subScript>
2.5, mPnHL
<subScript attach="left" box="[374,412,506,520]" fontSize="6" pageId="23" pageNumber="156">1750</subScript>
<quantity box="[418,487,497,518]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="23" pageNumber="156" unit="mm" value="30.0">30 µm</quantity>
, nMes
<subScript attach="left" box="[557,595,506,520]" fontSize="6" pageId="23" pageNumber="156">1750</subScript>
5.9, nPr
<subScript attach="left" box="[685,723,506,520]" fontSize="6" pageId="23" pageNumber="156">1750</subScript>
2.3; setae on metapleuron usually absent. Pigmentation as in
<taxonomicName authorityName="LINNAEUS" authorityYear="1761" box="[151,224,561,582]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="156" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufa">
<emphasis box="[151,224,561,582]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="156">F. rufa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but percentage of dark pigmentation on mesosoma on average slightly higher due to smaller size and positive allometry of reddish pigmentation.
</paragraph>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5582255" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5582255" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5582255/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="156" startId="23.[816,852,625,647]" targetBox="[847,1414,173,604]" targetPageId="23">
<paragraph blockId="23.[816,1438,625,903]" pageId="23" pageNumber="156">
Fig. 24: Position of the type samples of
<taxonomicName authorityName="NYLANDER" authorityYear="1849" box="[1232,1391,625,646]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="156" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="major">
<emphasis box="[1232,1391,625,646]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="156">Formica major</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
NY-
<bibRefCitation box="[816,957,657,678]" pageId="23" pageNumber="156">LANDER, 1849</bibRefCitation>
(MA) and
<treatmentCitation box="[1062,1438,657,678]" pageId="23" pageNumber="156">
<taxonomicName authority="KARAVAJEV, 1929" authorityName="KARAVAJEV" authorityYear="1929" box="[1062,1438,657,678]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="156" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="constricta">
<emphasis box="[1062,1258,657,678]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="156">Formica constricta</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation box="[1263,1438,657,678]" pageId="23" pageNumber="156">KARAVAJEV, 1929</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
(CO) in a principal component analysis considering 58 nest samples of
<taxonomicName authorityName="FOERSTER" authorityYear="1850" box="[936,1136,721,742]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="156" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polyctena">
<emphasis box="[936,1136,721,742]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="156">Formica polyctena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(black squares) and 27 nest samples of
<taxonomicName authorityName="YARROW" authorityYear="1955" box="[938,1137,753,774]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="156" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aquilonia">
<emphasis box="[938,1137,753,774]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="156">Formica aquilonia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
×
<taxonomicName authorityName="FOERSTER" authorityYear="1850" box="[1168,1272,753,774]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="156" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polyctena">
<emphasis box="[1168,1272,753,774]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="156">polyctena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or backcrosses (white dots). The
<taxonomicName authorityName="FOERSTER" authorityYear="1850" box="[1001,1130,785,806]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="156" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polyctena">
<emphasis box="[1001,1130,785,806]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="156">F. polyctena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sample deeply placed within the hybrid cluster is aberrant and cannot be a hybrid for zoogeographical reasons. Seven phenotypic characters were considered.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph blockId="23.[151,773,177,1543]" pageId="23" pageNumber="156">
Diagnosis of gyne (
<tableCitation box="[476,561,657,679]" captionStart="Tab" captionStartId="16.[151,191,177,199]" captionTargetBox="[158,1429,256,2005]" captionTargetId="graphics-28@16.[151,1437,249,2018]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Tab.6: Gynes of species and hybrids with sparse pilosity; data given as arithmetic mean ± standard deviation (lower extreme, upper extreme) number of individuals." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/29FD66685E266151FF5EDAF0FDB119D9" pageId="23" pageNumber="156">Tab. 6</tableCitation>
,
<figureCitation box="[585,665,657,679]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[151,187,1329,1351]" captionTargetBox="[151,771,801,1301]" captionTargetId="figure-19@6.[151,771,801,1301]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig.2: Formica polyctena, gyne; paramedian surface of the dorsum of first gaster tergite. There is some trend to show stronger transverse microripples and a more dilute pubescence than Formica rufa." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5582228" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5582228/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="156">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
). Rather small; mean and maximum
<collectionCode box="[459,489,689,710]" country="France" name="Musee des Dinosaures d'Esperaza (Aude)" pageId="23" pageNumber="156">CS</collectionCode>
2037 and
<quantity box="[604,700,688,710]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.165" pageId="23" pageNumber="156" unit="mm" value="2165.0">2165 µm</quantity>
; scape rather long and slender, SL /
<collectionCode box="[481,511,721,742]" country="France" name="Musee des Dinosaures d'Esperaza (Aude)" pageId="23" pageNumber="156">CS</collectionCode>
0.864, SL / Smax 9.17. Setae on eyes short, EyeHL
<quantity box="[477,549,753,774]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" pageId="23" pageNumber="156" unit="mm" value="21.0">21 µm</quantity>
; setae on posterior margin of head and gula always missing; pronotum bare, exceptionally without single short setae of up to
<quantity box="[704,771,817,838]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.2" pageId="23" pageNumber="156" unit="mm" value="42.0">42 µm</quantity>
length; meso- and metapleuron and frontal face of first gaster tergite without setae, if single setae are present these may have
<quantity box="[324,440,912,934]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="23" pageNumber="156" unit="mm" value="70.0" valueMax="80.0" valueMin="60.0">60 - 80 µm</quantity>
length; ventral surface of first gaster sternite with fewer setae than in
<taxonomicName authorityName="LINNAEUS" authorityYear="1761" box="[610,764,945,966]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="156" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufa">
<emphasis box="[610,764,945,966]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="156">Formica rufa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, nSt 6.2, StHL
<quantity box="[306,389,977,998]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.22" pageId="23" pageNumber="156" unit="mm" value="122.0">122 µm</quantity>
. Pubescence distance and distance of foveolae on paramedian dorsum of first gaster tergite high, sqPDG 12.2, FodG
<quantity box="[412,482,1040,1062]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.8" pageId="23" pageNumber="156" unit="mm" value="58.0">58µm</quantity>
. Shiny surface of scutellum usually restricted to a small median stripe. Dorsum of gaster viewed at lower magnification shiny but usually less than in
<emphasis box="[239,321,1137,1158]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="156">
<taxonomicName authorityName="LINNAEUS" authorityYear="1761" box="[239,317,1137,1158]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="156" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufa">F. rufa</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
which is caused by very faint transverse microripples. In some specimens the microripples may be stronger developed somewhat reminiscent of the situation in
<taxonomicName authorityName="RETZIUS" authorityYear="1783" box="[179,383,1233,1254]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="156" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pratensis">
<emphasis box="[179,383,1233,1254]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="156">Formica pratensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Colouration as in
<taxonomicName authorityName="LINNAEUS" authorityYear="1761" box="[589,663,1233,1254]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="156" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufa">
<emphasis box="[589,663,1233,1254]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="156">F. rufa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="23" pageNumber="156" type="discussion">
<paragraph blockId="23.[151,773,177,1543]" pageId="23" pageNumber="156">
Taxonomic comments and clustering results. For separation from
<taxonomicName authorityName="LINNAEUS" authorityYear="1761" box="[492,638,1297,1318]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="156" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufa">
<emphasis box="[492,638,1297,1318]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="156">Formica rufa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and hybrids / backcrosses
<taxonomicName authorityName="FOERSTER" authorityYear="1850" box="[302,508,1328,1350]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="156" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polyctena">
<emphasis box="[302,508,1328,1350]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="156">Formica polyctena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
×
<taxonomicName authorityName="LINNAEUS" authorityYear="1761" box="[533,581,1328,1349]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="156" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufa">
<emphasis box="[533,581,1328,1349]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="156">rufa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, see section “
<treatmentCitation pageId="23" pageNumber="156">
<taxonomicName authority="LINNAEUS, 1761" authorityName="LINNAEUS" authorityYear="1761" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="156" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="156">Formica rufa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="LINNAEUS" bookContentInfo="578 pp." box="[273,451,1361,1383]" firstAuthor="LINNAEUS" journalOrPublisher="L. Salvii, Stockholmiae" pageId="23" pageNumber="156" refId="ref46105" refString="LINNAEUS, C. 1761: Fauna suecica sistens animalia Sueciae regni: Mammalia, Aves, Amphibia, Pisces, Insecta, Vermes. Editio altera, auctior. - L. Salvii, Stockholmiae [= Stockholm], 48 + 578 pp." title="Fauna suecica sistens animalia Sueciae regni: Mammalia, Aves, Amphibia, Pisces, Insecta, Vermes. Editio altera, auctior" type="book" year="1761">LINNAEUS, 1761</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
” (p. 152) and for separation from
<taxonomicName authorityName="YARROW" authorityYear="1955" box="[215,431,1393,1414]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="156" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aquilonia">
<emphasis box="[215,431,1393,1414]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="156">Formica aquilonia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and hybrids / backcrosses
<taxonomicName authorityName="YARROW" authorityYear="1955" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="156" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aquilonia">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="156">F. aquilonia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
×
<taxonomicName authorityName="FOERSTER" authorityYear="1850" box="[286,395,1425,1446]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="156" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polyctena">
<emphasis box="[286,395,1425,1446]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="156">polyctena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, see section “
<taxonomicName authorityName="YARROW" authorityYear="1955" box="[543,749,1425,1446]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="156" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aquilonia">
<emphasis box="[543,749,1425,1446]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="156">Formica aquilonia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
×
<taxonomicName authorityName="FOERSTER" authorityYear="1850" box="[151,260,1457,1478]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="156" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polyctena">
<emphasis box="[151,260,1457,1478]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="156">polyctena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
– hybrids and backcrosses” (p. 156).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="23" pageNumber="156" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph blockId="23.[151,773,177,1543]" pageId="23" pageNumber="156">
Biology. See the condensed information in
<bibRefCitation author="SEIFERT" bookContentInfo="408 pp." firstAuthor="SEIFERT" journalOrPublisher="Lutra Verlags- und Vertriebsgesellschaft, Tauer" pageId="23" pageNumber="156" refId="ref46930" refString="SEIFERT, B. 2018: The ants of Central and North Europe. - Lutra Verlags- und Vertriebsgesellschaft, Tauer, 408 pp." title="The ants of Central and North Europe" type="book" year="2018">SEIFERT (2018)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

111
data/F5/2B/87/F52B87F65E206157FC9FD8EEFB8F1AD8.xml Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5587861" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b9f36fb1-1c9d-4af8-96ca-d57973b94862" ID-GBIF-Taxon="192711758" ID-ISSN="1997-3500" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5587861" approvalRequired="1" checkinTime="1619623649741" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Seifert, Bernhard" docDate="2021" docId="F52B87F65E206157FC9FD8EEFB8F1AD8" docLanguage="en" docName="myrmecNews.31_133-179_printable.pdf" docOrigin="Myrmecological News 31" docSource="http://zoobank.org/0e55c0d7-531a-48d7-a078-148b96bd461d" docTitle="Formica gaullei BONDROIT 1917" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="155" masterDocId="0912FF8E5E366141FFC9DA41FF91193E" masterDocTitle="A taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic members of the Formica rufa group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) - the famous mound-building red wood ants" masterLastPageNumber="179" masterPageNumber="133" pageId="22" pageNumber="155" updateTime="1643410080396" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>A taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic members of the Formica rufa group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) - the famous mound-building red wood ants</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Seifert, Bernhard</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Myrmecological News</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2021-04-28</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>31</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>133</mods:start>
<mods:end>179</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://zoobank.org/0e55c0d7-531a-48d7-a078-148b96bd461d</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.25849/myrmecol.news_031:133</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">b9f36fb1-1c9d-4af8-96ca-d57973b94862</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1997-3500</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">5582216</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">0E55C0D7-531A-48D7-A078-148B96BD461D</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5587861" ID-GBIF-Taxon="192711758" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5587861" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F52B87F65E206157FC9FD8EEFB8F1AD8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F52B87F65E206157FC9FD8EEFB8F1AD8" lastPageNumber="155" pageId="22" pageNumber="155">
<subSubSection box="[854,1268,687,710]" pageId="22" pageNumber="155" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="22.[816,1437,465,2023]" box="[854,1268,687,710]" pageId="22" pageNumber="155">
<treatmentCitation box="[854,1268,687,710]" pageId="22" pageNumber="155">
<taxonomicName authority="BONDROIT, 1917" authorityName="BONDROIT" authorityYear="1917" box="[854,1268,687,710]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gaullei">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[854,1268,687,710]" pageId="22" pageNumber="155">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[854,1060,687,710]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="155">Formica gaullei</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="BONDROIT" box="[1067,1268,688,710]" firstAuthor="BONDROIT" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France" pageId="22" pageNumber="155" pagination="174 - 177" part="1917" refId="ref44955" refString="BONDROIT, J. 1917: Notes sur quelques Formicidae de France. - Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France 1917: 174 - 177." title="Notes sur quelques Formicidae de France" type="journal article" year="1917">BONDROIT, 1917</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection box="[816,1390,720,742]" pageId="22" pageNumber="155" type="reference_group">
<paragraph blockId="22.[816,1437,465,2023]" box="[816,1390,720,742]" pageId="22" pageNumber="155">
<treatmentCitation box="[816,1172,721,742]" pageId="22" pageNumber="155">
<taxonomicName authority="BONDROIT, 1917" authorityName="BONDROIT" authorityYear="1917" box="[816,1172,721,742]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gaullei">
<emphasis box="[816,992,721,742]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="155">Formica gaullei</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="BONDROIT" box="[998,1172,721,742]" firstAuthor="BONDROIT" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France" pageId="22" pageNumber="155" pagination="174 - 177" part="1917" refId="ref44955" refString="BONDROIT, J. 1917: Notes sur quelques Formicidae de France. - Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France 1917: 174 - 177." title="Notes sur quelques Formicidae de France" type="journal article" year="1917">BONDROIT, 1917</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
[
<typeStatus box="[1184,1234,721,742]" pageId="22" pageNumber="155">type</typeStatus>
investigation]
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="22" pageNumber="155" type="discussion">
<paragraph blockId="22.[816,1437,465,2023]" pageId="22" pageNumber="155">
This taxon was described using workers collected at
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3459466301" collectingDate="1889" collectionCode="MSNB" collectorName="Gaulle" elevation="65" latitude="48.925" location="Mesnil-le-Roi" longLatPrecision="66" longitude="2.112" municipality="St. Germain-en-Laye" pageId="22" pageNumber="155" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-worker="1" typeStatus="syntype">
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F52B87F65E206157FC9FD8EEFB8F1AD8:785D603B5E206157FC87D950FC771A19" box="[846,998,785,807]" latitude="48.925" longLatPrecision="66" longitude="2.112" municipality="St. Germain-en-Laye" name="Mesnil-le-Roi" pageId="22" pageNumber="155">Mesnil-le-Roi</location>
near
<collectingMunicipality box="[1065,1301,785,807]" pageId="22" pageNumber="155">St. Germain-en-Laye</collectingMunicipality>
(
<geoCoordinate box="[1316,1432,784,806]" degrees="48.925" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="22" pageNumber="155" precision="55" value="48.925">48.925° N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate box="[816,911,817,838]" degrees="2.112" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="22" pageNumber="155" precision="55" value="2.112">2.112° E</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity box="[921,973,816,838]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" pageId="22" pageNumber="155" unit="m" value="65.0">
<elevation box="[921,973,816,838]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" pageId="22" pageNumber="155" unit="m" value="65.0">65 m</elevation>
</quantity>
). Investigated were
<specimenCount box="[1192,1332,817,839]" pageId="22" pageNumber="155" type="worker">three worker</specimenCount>
<typeStatus box="[1338,1436,817,838]" pageId="22" pageNumber="155">syntypes</typeStatus>
collected in
<collectingDate box="[945,1000,849,870]" pageId="22" pageNumber="155">1889</collectingDate>
by de
<collectorName box="[1066,1137,849,871]" pageId="22" pageNumber="155">Gaulle</collectorName>
at Mesnil-le-Roi and stored in
<collectionCode box="[847,920,881,902]" pageId="22" pageNumber="155">MSNB</collectionCode>
Bruxelles
</materialsCitation>
. This sample showed the following posterior probabilities if run as wild-cards in an LDA:
<taxonomicName authorityName="FOERSTER" authorityYear="1850" box="[816,1029,945,966]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polyctena">
<emphasis box="[816,1029,945,966]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="155">Formica polyctena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
0.9976,
<taxonomicName box="[1127,1346,945,966]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polyctena">
<emphasis box="[1127,1265,945,966]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="155">F. polyctena</emphasis>
×
<emphasis box="[1297,1346,945,966]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="155">rufa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
0.0024,
<taxonomicName box="[816,963,977,998]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ruf">
<emphasis box="[816,963,977,998]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="155">Formica rufa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
0.0002.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

79
data/F5/2B/87/F52B87F65E206157FCF9DBDFFA0C1B99.xml Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5587861" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b9f36fb1-1c9d-4af8-96ca-d57973b94862" ID-GBIF-Taxon="192710753" ID-ISSN="1997-3500" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5587861" approvalRequired="1" checkinTime="1619623649741" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Seifert, Bernhard" docDate="2021" docId="F52B87F65E206157FCF9DBDFFA0C1B99" docLanguage="en" docName="myrmecNews.31_133-179_printable.pdf" docOrigin="Myrmecological News 31" docSource="http://zoobank.org/0e55c0d7-531a-48d7-a078-148b96bd461d" docTitle="Formica polyctena FOERSTER 1850" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="155" masterDocId="0912FF8E5E366141FFC9DA41FF91193E" masterDocTitle="A taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic members of the Formica rufa group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) - the famous mound-building red wood ants" masterLastPageNumber="179" masterPageNumber="133" pageId="22" pageNumber="155" updateTime="1643400318318" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>A taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic members of the Formica rufa group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) - the famous mound-building red wood ants</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Seifert, Bernhard</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Myrmecological News</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2021-04-28</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>31</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>133</mods:start>
<mods:end>179</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://zoobank.org/0e55c0d7-531a-48d7-a078-148b96bd461d</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.25849/myrmecol.news_031:133</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">b9f36fb1-1c9d-4af8-96ca-d57973b94862</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1997-3500</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">5582216</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">0E55C0D7-531A-48D7-A078-148B96BD461D</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5587861" ID-GBIF-Taxon="192710753" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5587861" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F52B87F65E206157FCF9DBDFFA0C1B99" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F52B87F65E206157FCF9DBDFFA0C1B99" lastPageNumber="155" pageId="22" pageNumber="155">
<subSubSection box="[816,1354,414,442]" pageId="22" pageNumber="155" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="22.[816,1354,414,442]" box="[816,1354,414,442]" pageId="22" pageNumber="155">
<heading bold="true" box="[816,1354,414,442]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="22" pageNumber="155" reason="0">
<treatmentCitation box="[816,1354,414,442]" pageId="22" pageNumber="155">
<taxonomicName authority="FOERSTER, 1850" authorityName="FOERSTER" authorityYear="1850" box="[816,1354,414,442]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polyctena">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[816,1354,414,442]" pageId="22" pageNumber="155">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[816,1106,414,442]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="155">Formica polyctena</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation box="[1113,1354,415,442]" pageId="22" pageNumber="155">FOERSTER, 1850</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="22" pageNumber="155" type="reference_group">
<paragraph blockId="22.[816,1437,465,2023]" pageId="22" pageNumber="155">
<treatmentCitation box="[816,1227,465,487]" pageId="22" pageNumber="155">
<taxonomicName authority="FOERSTER, 1850" authorityName="FOERSTER" authorityYear="1850" box="[816,1227,465,487]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polyctena">
<emphasis box="[816,1033,465,486]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="155">Formica polyctena</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation box="[1042,1227,465,487]" pageId="22" pageNumber="155">FOERSTER, 1850</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
[description, zoogeography]
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="22" pageNumber="155" type="discussion">
<paragraph blockId="22.[816,1437,465,2023]" pageId="22" pageNumber="155">
This ant was described from Stolberg near Aachen /
<collectingCountry box="[816,917,561,582]" name="Germany" pageId="22" pageNumber="155">Germany</collectingCountry>
where it formed a polydomous colony. FOERSTER (1850)’s description of setae condition and surface structures in the worker and gyne allows a clear differentiation from any
<taxonomicName authorityName="LINNAEUS" authorityYear="1761" box="[915,1058,657,678]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufa">
<emphasis box="[915,1058,657,678]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="155">Formica rufa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group species present in this region.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

148
data/F5/2B/87/F52B87F65E206157FF5ED83FFB7218B9.xml Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,148 @@
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4725626" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b9f36fb1-1c9d-4af8-96ca-d57973b94862" ID-GBIF-Taxon="189107707" ID-ISSN="1997-3500" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4725626" approvalRequired="1" checkinTime="1619623649741" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Seifert, Bernhard" docDate="2021" docId="F52B87F65E206157FF5ED83FFB7218B9" docLanguage="en" docName="myrmecNews.31_133-179_printable.pdf" docOrigin="Myrmecological News 31" docSource="http://zoobank.org/0e55c0d7-531a-48d7-a078-148b96bd461d" docTitle="Formica polyctenaxrufa" docType="treatment" docVersion="12" lastPageNumber="155" masterDocId="0912FF8E5E366141FFC9DA41FF91193E" masterDocTitle="A taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic members of the Formica rufa group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) - the famous mound-building red wood ants" masterLastPageNumber="179" masterPageNumber="133" pageId="22" pageNumber="155" updateTime="1643400285664" updateUser="diego">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>A taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic members of the Formica rufa group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) - the famous mound-building red wood ants</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Seifert, Bernhard</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Myrmecological News</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2021-04-28</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>31</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>133</mods:start>
<mods:end>179</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://zoobank.org/0e55c0d7-531a-48d7-a078-148b96bd461d</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.25849/myrmecol.news_031:133</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">b9f36fb1-1c9d-4af8-96ca-d57973b94862</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1997-3500</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">5582216</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">0E55C0D7-531A-48D7-A078-148B96BD461D</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4725626" ID-GBIF-Taxon="189107707" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4725626" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F52B87F65E206157FF5ED83FFB7218B9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F52B87F65E206157FF5ED83FFB7218B9" lastPageNumber="155" pageId="22" pageNumber="155">
<heading bold="true" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="22" pageNumber="155" reason="0">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="155">
<subSubSection box="[151,543,638,666]" pageId="22" pageNumber="155" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="22.[151,760,638,695]" box="[151,543,638,666]" pageId="22" pageNumber="155">
<taxonomicName box="[151,543,638,666]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polyctenaxrufa">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,440,638,666]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="155">Formica polyctena</emphasis>
×
<emphasis bold="true" box="[476,543,638,666]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="155">rufa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="22" pageNumber="155" type="multiple">
<paragraph blockId="22.[151,760,638,695]" pageId="22" pageNumber="155">– hybrids and backcrosses</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</emphasis>
</heading>
<subSubSection pageId="22" pageNumber="155" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph blockId="22.[151,772,721,2023]" pageId="22" pageNumber="155">
All material examined. The full set of numeric phenotypical data was recorded in 55 nest samples with
<specimenCount box="[151,288,784,807]" pageId="22" pageNumber="155" type="worker">345 workers</specimenCount>
and 16 gynes; for details, see SI1, SI2, and SI3. The total number of mounted samples stored in SMN Görlitz and investigated either subjectively or by partial or complete numeric recording of the phenotypical characters used here was 68. These included
<specimenCount box="[545,684,912,935]" pageId="22" pageNumber="155" type="worker">453 workers</specimenCount>
and 18 gynes and originated from
<collectingCountry box="[443,525,945,967]" name="Austria" pageId="22" pageNumber="155">Austria</collectingCountry>
(one sample),
<collectingCountry box="[677,771,945,967]" name="Bulgaria" pageId="22" pageNumber="155">Bulgaria</collectingCountry>
(three),
<collectingCountry box="[236,321,977,999]" name="Czech Republic" pageId="22" pageNumber="155">Czechia</collectingCountry>
(one),
<collectingCountry box="[391,477,977,999]" name="Finland" pageId="22" pageNumber="155">Finland</collectingCountry>
(two),
<collectingCountry box="[549,651,977,998]" name="Germany" pageId="22" pageNumber="155">Germany</collectingCountry>
(29),
<collectingCountry name="United Kingdom" pageId="22" pageNumber="155">Great Britain</collectingCountry>
(20),
<collectingCountry box="[287,363,1009,1031]" name="Poland" pageId="22" pageNumber="155">Poland</collectingCountry>
(two),
<collectingCountry box="[433,506,1009,1031]" name="Russia" pageId="22" pageNumber="155">Russia</collectingCountry>
(two),
<collectingCountry box="[576,660,1009,1031]" name="Sweden" pageId="22" pageNumber="155">Sweden</collectingCountry>
(one), and
<collectingCountry box="[151,282,1041,1063]" name="Switzerland" pageId="22" pageNumber="155">Switzerland</collectingCountry>
(six). Character recording in ethanol-stored material according to the former investigation protocol of
<bibRefCitation author="SEIFERT" box="[178,341,1105,1127]" firstAuthor="SEIFERT" journalOrPublisher="Abhandlungen und Berichte des Naturkundemuseums Gorlitz" pageId="22" pageNumber="155" pagination="1 - 27" part="65" refId="ref46529" refString="SEIFERT, B. 1991: The phenotypes of the Formica rufa complex in East Germany. - Abhandlungen und Berichte des Naturkundemuseums Gorlitz 65: 1 - 27." title="The phenotypes of the Formica rufa complex in East Germany" type="journal article" year="1991">SEIFERT (1991)</bibRefCitation>
was done until the year
<quantity box="[604,686,1105,1127]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.06222" pageId="22" pageNumber="155" unit="in" value="1993.0">1993 in</quantity>
further 98 nest samples with about 2700 workers largely from
<collectingCountry box="[151,253,1169,1190]" name="Germany" pageId="22" pageNumber="155">Germany</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry box="[307,384,1169,1191]" name="Russia" pageId="22" pageNumber="155">Russia</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="22" pageNumber="155" type="distribution">
<paragraph blockId="22.[151,772,721,2023]" pageId="22" pageNumber="155">
Geographic range. Hybrids are expected to occur wherever the parental species are in contact and hybrid frequency is estimated over the whole range as 6 - 8%. However, there are big regional differences in hybrid frequency. In Britain, where the typical
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polyctena">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="155">Formica polyctena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName authorityName="LINNAEUS" authorityYear="1761" box="[307,451,1361,1382]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufa">
<emphasis box="[307,451,1361,1382]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="155">Formica rufa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are absent, 95% of all samples are phenotypically intermediate and the whole population is supposed to consist of hybrids. The British hybrids are on average smaller and have longer gular setae than the continental hybrids (
<tableCitation box="[391,457,1488,1510]" captionStart="Tab" captionStartId="11.[151,191,177,199]" captionTargetBox="[157,1429,282,1993]" captionTargetId="graphics-49@11.[151,1436,275,2018]" captionText="Tab.1: Workers of species and hybrids close to Formica rufa; head size and RAV-corrected data for the assumption of each individual having a head size of 1750 µm; data given as arithmetic mean ± standard deviation (lower extreme, upper extreme number of individuals." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/29FD66685E3D614AFF5EDAF0FEEE1839" pageId="22" pageNumber="155" tableUuid="29FD66685E3D614AFF5EDAF0FEEE1839">Tab. 1</tableCitation>
). Yet, describing them as a separate hybridogenous species is not justified as they cannot be separated from continental hybrids by any form of exploratory or hypothesis-driven data analysis. Anyway, it would be interesting to study their nuclear genome for genetic divergence during the time after the formation of the English Channel 7500 b.p.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="22" pageNumber="155" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph blockId="22.[151,772,721,2023]" pageId="22" pageNumber="155">
Diagnosis of worker (
<tableCitation box="[523,609,1712,1734]" captionStart="Tab" captionStartId="11.[151,191,177,199]" captionTargetBox="[157,1429,282,1993]" captionTargetId="graphics-49@11.[151,1436,275,2018]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Tab.1: Workers of species and hybrids close to Formica rufa; head size and RAV-corrected data for the assumption of each individual having a head size of 1750 µm; data given as arithmetic mean ± standard deviation (lower extreme, upper extreme) number of individuals." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/29FD66685E3D614AFF5EDAF0FEEE1839" pageId="22" pageNumber="155">Tab. 1</tableCitation>
, key). Both the continental and the British population are in nearly all characters intermediate between the parental species (
<tableCitation box="[159,224,1808,1830]" captionStart="Tab" captionStartId="11.[151,191,177,199]" captionTargetBox="[157,1429,282,1993]" captionTargetId="graphics-49@11.[151,1436,275,2018]" captionText="Tab.1: Workers of species and hybrids close to Formica rufa; head size and RAV-corrected data for the assumption of each individual having a head size of 1750 µm; data given as arithmetic mean ± standard deviation (lower extreme, upper extreme number of individuals." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/29FD66685E3D614AFF5EDAF0FEEE1839" pageId="22" pageNumber="155" tableUuid="29FD66685E3D614AFF5EDAF0FEEE1839">Tab. 1</tableCitation>
). Identification is in most cases possible by dis- criminant functions if sufficiently large nest samples are considered.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="22.[151,772,721,2023]" pageId="22" pageNumber="155">
Diagnosis of gyne (
<tableCitation box="[500,588,1905,1927]" captionStart="Tab" captionStartId="16.[151,191,177,199]" captionTargetBox="[158,1429,256,2005]" captionTargetId="graphics-28@16.[151,1437,249,2018]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Tab.6: Gynes of species and hybrids with sparse pilosity; data given as arithmetic mean ± standard deviation (lower extreme, upper extreme) number of individuals." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/29FD66685E266151FF5EDAF0FDB119D9" pageId="22" pageNumber="155">Tab. 6</tableCitation>
). Number and length of setae on average lower than in
<taxonomicName authorityName="LINNAEUS" authorityYear="1761" box="[583,730,1937,1958]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufa">
<emphasis box="[583,730,1937,1958]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="155">Formica rufa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but on individual level often inseparable from either parental species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="22" pageNumber="155" type="discussion">
<paragraph blockId="22.[816,1436,177,391]" pageId="22" pageNumber="155">
Taxonomic comments and clustering results. This issue was thoroughly discussed in section “
<treatmentCitation box="[826,1152,241,263]" pageId="22" pageNumber="155">
<taxonomicName authority="LINNAEUS, 1761" authorityName="LINNAEUS" authorityYear="1761" box="[826,1152,241,263]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufa">
<emphasis box="[826,973,241,262]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="155">Formica rufa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="LINNAEUS" bookContentInfo="578 pp." box="[979,1152,241,263]" firstAuthor="LINNAEUS" journalOrPublisher="L. Salvii, Stockholmiae" pageId="22" pageNumber="155" refId="ref46105" refString="LINNAEUS, C. 1761: Fauna suecica sistens animalia Sueciae regni: Mammalia, Aves, Amphibia, Pisces, Insecta, Vermes. Editio altera, auctior. - L. Salvii, Stockholmiae [= Stockholm], 48 + 578 pp." title="Fauna suecica sistens animalia Sueciae regni: Mammalia, Aves, Amphibia, Pisces, Insecta, Vermes. Editio altera, auctior" type="book" year="1761">LINNAEUS, 1761</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
” (p. 152).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="22" pageNumber="155" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph blockId="22.[816,1436,177,391]" pageId="22" pageNumber="155">
Biology. A brief report on the relations between the hybrid and the parental genotypes as well as on the biological properties and the probable adaptive advantage of the hybrid is given in
<bibRefCitation author="SEIFERT" bookContentInfo="408 pp." box="[1079,1247,369,391]" firstAuthor="SEIFERT" journalOrPublisher="Lutra Verlags- und Vertriebsgesellschaft, Tauer" pageId="22" pageNumber="155" refId="ref46930" refString="SEIFERT, B. 2018: The ants of Central and North Europe. - Lutra Verlags- und Vertriebsgesellschaft, Tauer, 408 pp." title="The ants of Central and North Europe" type="book" year="2018">SEIFERT (2018)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

94
data/F5/2B/87/F52B87F65E216156FF5EDC5FFE3B1E58.xml Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5584834" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b9f36fb1-1c9d-4af8-96ca-d57973b94862" ID-GBIF-Taxon="192710752" ID-ISSN="1997-3500" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5584834" approvalRequired="1" checkinTime="1619623649741" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Seifert, Bernhard" docDate="2021" docId="F52B87F65E216156FF5EDC5FFE3B1E58" docLanguage="en" docName="myrmecNews.31_133-179_printable.pdf" docOrigin="Myrmecological News 31" docSource="http://zoobank.org/0e55c0d7-531a-48d7-a078-148b96bd461d" docTitle="Formica aquiloniaxpolyctena YARROW 1955" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="156" masterDocId="0912FF8E5E366141FFC9DA41FF91193E" masterDocTitle="A taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic members of the Formica rufa group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) - the famous mound-building red wood ants" masterLastPageNumber="179" masterPageNumber="133" pageId="23" pageNumber="156" updateTime="1643400318318" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>A taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic members of the Formica rufa group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) - the famous mound-building red wood ants</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Seifert, Bernhard</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Myrmecological News</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2021-04-28</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>31</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>133</mods:start>
<mods:end>179</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://zoobank.org/0e55c0d7-531a-48d7-a078-148b96bd461d</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.25849/myrmecol.news_031:133</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">b9f36fb1-1c9d-4af8-96ca-d57973b94862</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1997-3500</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">5582216</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">0E55C0D7-531A-48D7-A078-148B96BD461D</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5584834" ID-GBIF-Taxon="192710752" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5584834" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F52B87F65E216156FF5EDC5FFE3B1E58" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F52B87F65E216156FF5EDC5FFE3B1E58" lastPageNumber="156" pageId="23" pageNumber="156">
<heading bold="true" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="23" pageNumber="156" reason="0">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="156">
<subSubSection box="[151,625,1566,1594]" pageId="23" pageNumber="156" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="23.[151,654,1566,1623]" box="[151,625,1566,1594]" pageId="23" pageNumber="156">
<taxonomicName authorityName="YARROW" authorityYear="1955" box="[151,625,1566,1594]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="156" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aquiloniaxpolyctena">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,437,1566,1594]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="156">Formica aquilonia</emphasis>
×
<emphasis bold="true" box="[473,625,1566,1594]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="156">polyctena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="23" pageNumber="156" type="multiple">
<paragraph blockId="23.[151,654,1566,1623]" pageId="23" pageNumber="156">– hybrids and backcrosses</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</emphasis>
</heading>
<subSubSection pageId="23" pageNumber="156" type="discussion">
<paragraph blockId="23.[151,773,1649,2023]" pageId="23" pageNumber="156">
Article 23.8 of
<collectionCode box="[312,372,1649,1670]" pageId="23" pageNumber="156">ICZN</collectionCode>
regulates that a species-group name established for an animal later found to be a hybrid must not be used as the valid name for either of the parental species, even if it is older than all other available names for them. This excludes
<treatmentCitation box="[412,772,1777,1798]" pageId="23" pageNumber="156">
<taxonomicName authority="NYLANDER, 1849" authorityName="NYLANDER" authorityYear="1849" box="[412,772,1777,1798]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="156" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="major">
<emphasis box="[412,579,1777,1798]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="156">Formica major</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="NYLANDER" box="[585,772,1777,1798]" firstAuthor="NYLANDER" journalOrPublisher="Acta Societatis Scientiarum Fennicae" pageId="23" pageNumber="156" pagination="25 - 48" part="3" refId="ref46234" refString="NYLANDER, W. 1849: Additamentum alterum adnotationum in monographiam formicarum borealium. - Acta Societatis Scientiarum Fennicae 3: 25 - 48." title="Additamentum alterum adnotationum in monographiam formicarum borealium" type="journal article" year="1849">NYLANDER, 1849</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
and
<treatmentCitation box="[196,593,1809,1831]" pageId="23" pageNumber="156">
<taxonomicName authority="KARAVAJEV, 1926" authorityName="KARAVAJEV" authorityYear="1926" box="[196,593,1809,1831]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="156" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="constricta">
<emphasis box="[196,404,1809,1830]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="156">Formica constricta</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation box="[409,593,1809,1831]" pageId="23" pageNumber="156">KARAVAJEV, 1926</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
to be considered as synonyms of
<treatmentCitation box="[325,717,1840,1862]" pageId="23" pageNumber="156">
<taxonomicName authority="FOERSTER, 1850" authorityName="FOERSTER" authorityYear="1850" box="[325,717,1840,1862]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="156" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polyctena">
<emphasis box="[325,534,1841,1862]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="156">Formica polyctena</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation box="[539,717,1840,1862]" pageId="23" pageNumber="156">FOERSTER, 1850</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
or
<treatmentCitation pageId="23" pageNumber="156">
<taxonomicName authority="YARROW, 1955" authorityName="YARROW" authorityYear="1955" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="156" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aquilonia">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="156">F. aquilonia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="YARROW" box="[263,421,1872,1894]" firstAuthor="YARROW" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Society for British Entomology" pageId="23" pageNumber="156" pagination="1 - 48" part="12" refId="ref47744" refString="YARROW, I. H. H. 1955: The British ants allied to Formica rufa L. - Transactions of the Society for British Entomology 12: 1 - 48." title="The British ants allied to Formica rufa L" type="journal article" year="1955">YARROW, 1955</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

202
data/F5/2B/87/F52B87F65E216156FF74DD2EFC301E78.xml Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,202 @@
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5584834" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b9f36fb1-1c9d-4af8-96ca-d57973b94862" ID-GBIF-Taxon="192710751" ID-ISSN="1997-3500" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5584834" approvalRequired="1" checkinTime="1619623649741" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Seifert, Bernhard" docDate="2021" docId="F52B87F65E216156FF74DD2EFC301E78" docLanguage="en" docName="myrmecNews.31_133-179_printable.pdf" docOrigin="Myrmecological News 31" docSource="http://zoobank.org/0e55c0d7-531a-48d7-a078-148b96bd461d" docTitle="Formica major NYLANDER 1849" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="156" masterDocId="0912FF8E5E366141FFC9DA41FF91193E" masterDocTitle="A taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic members of the Formica rufa group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) - the famous mound-building red wood ants" masterLastPageNumber="179" masterPageNumber="133" pageId="23" pageNumber="156" updateTime="1643400318318" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>A taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic members of the Formica rufa group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) - the famous mound-building red wood ants</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Seifert, Bernhard</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Myrmecological News</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2021-04-28</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>31</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>133</mods:start>
<mods:end>179</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://zoobank.org/0e55c0d7-531a-48d7-a078-148b96bd461d</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.25849/myrmecol.news_031:133</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">b9f36fb1-1c9d-4af8-96ca-d57973b94862</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1997-3500</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">5582216</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">0E55C0D7-531A-48D7-A078-148B96BD461D</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5584834" ID-GBIF-Taxon="192710751" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5584834" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F52B87F65E216156FF74DD2EFC301E78" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F52B87F65E216156FF74DD2EFC301E78" lastPageNumber="156" pageId="23" pageNumber="156">
<subSubSection box="[189,602,1903,1926]" pageId="23" pageNumber="156" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="23.[151,773,1649,2023]" box="[189,602,1903,1926]" pageId="23" pageNumber="156">
<treatmentCitation box="[189,602,1903,1926]" pageId="23" pageNumber="156">
<taxonomicName authority="NYLANDER, 1849" authorityName="NYLANDER" authorityYear="1849" box="[189,602,1903,1926]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="156" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="major">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[189,602,1903,1926]" pageId="23" pageNumber="156">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[189,384,1903,1926]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="156">Formica major</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="NYLANDER" box="[390,602,1904,1925]" firstAuthor="NYLANDER" journalOrPublisher="Acta Societatis Scientiarum Fennicae" pageId="23" pageNumber="156" pagination="25 - 48" part="3" refId="ref46234" refString="NYLANDER, W. 1849: Additamentum alterum adnotationum in monographiam formicarum borealium. - Acta Societatis Scientiarum Fennicae 3: 25 - 48." title="Additamentum alterum adnotationum in monographiam formicarum borealium" type="journal article" year="1849">NYLANDER, 1849</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection box="[151,728,1936,1958]" pageId="23" pageNumber="156" type="reference_group">
<paragraph blockId="23.[151,773,1649,2023]" box="[151,728,1936,1958]" pageId="23" pageNumber="156">
<treatmentCitation box="[151,510,1937,1958]" pageId="23" pageNumber="156">
<taxonomicName authority="NYLANDER, 1849" authorityName="NYLANDER" authorityYear="1849" box="[151,510,1937,1958]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="156" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="major">
<emphasis box="[151,318,1937,1958]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="156">Formica major</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="NYLANDER" box="[324,510,1937,1958]" firstAuthor="NYLANDER" journalOrPublisher="Acta Societatis Scientiarum Fennicae" pageId="23" pageNumber="156" pagination="25 - 48" part="3" refId="ref46234" refString="NYLANDER, W. 1849: Additamentum alterum adnotationum in monographiam formicarum borealium. - Acta Societatis Scientiarum Fennicae 3: 25 - 48." title="Additamentum alterum adnotationum in monographiam formicarum borealium" type="journal article" year="1849">NYLANDER, 1849</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
[
<typeStatus box="[522,572,1937,1958]" pageId="23" pageNumber="156">type</typeStatus>
investigation]
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="23" pageNumber="156" type="discussion">
<paragraph blockId="23.[151,773,1649,2023]" lastBlockId="23.[815,1437,977,2023]" pageId="23" pageNumber="156">
This taxon was described from the environs of Helsingfors (Helsinki). Three
<typeStatus box="[387,473,2001,2022]" pageId="23" pageNumber="156">syntype</typeStatus>
workers on one pin labelled “Zool. Mus. H:fors Spec. typ. No 5423
<taxonomicName authority="Nyl." authorityName="NYLANDER" authorityYear="1849" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="156" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="major">Formica major Nyl.</taxonomicName>
“, “major Nyl piniphila Schenck rufa auctt nec Bondr.”, “Mus. Hels. N:o 2676” do not carry an information on the sampling locality but the specimens fully match the morphological description of
<bibRefCitation author="NYLANDER" box="[1094,1290,1105,1127]" firstAuthor="NYLANDER" journalOrPublisher="Acta Societatis Scientiarum Fennicae" pageId="23" pageNumber="156" pagination="25 - 48" part="3" refId="ref46234" refString="NYLANDER, W. 1849: Additamentum alterum adnotationum in monographiam formicarum borealium. - Acta Societatis Scientiarum Fennicae 3: 25 - 48." title="Additamentum alterum adnotationum in monographiam formicarum borealium" type="journal article" year="1849">NYLANDER (1849)</bibRefCitation>
. Considering their numeric data and by subjective impression, the type series of
<taxonomicName authorityName="NYLANDER" authorityYear="1849" box="[916,1011,1169,1190]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="156" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="major">
<emphasis box="[916,1011,1169,1190]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="156">F. major</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
cannot be hybrids
<taxonomicName authorityName="FOERSTER" authorityYear="1850" box="[1226,1437,1169,1190]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="156" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polyctena">
<emphasis box="[1226,1437,1169,1190]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="156">Formica polyctena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
×
<taxonomicName authorityName="LINNAEUS" authorityYear="1761" box="[839,887,1201,1222]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="156" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufa">
<emphasis box="[839,887,1201,1222]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="156">rufa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but represents either
<taxonomicName authorityName="FOERSTER" authorityYear="1850" box="[1129,1264,1201,1222]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="156" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polyctena">
<emphasis box="[1129,1264,1201,1222]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="156">F. polyctena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authorityName="YARROW" authorityYear="1955" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="156" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aquilonia">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="156">Formica aquilonia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
×
<taxonomicName authorityName="FOERSTER" authorityYear="1850" box="[901,1010,1233,1254]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="156" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polyctena">
<emphasis box="[901,1010,1233,1254]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="156">polyctena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
hybrids or backcrosses. This morphology-based idea is fully in line with the existence of large hybridization and introgression zone in southern
<collectingCountry box="[1350,1436,1297,1319]" name="Finland" pageId="23" pageNumber="156">Finland</collectingCountry>
shown by nuDNA data (
<bibRefCitation author="BERESFORD" box="[1086,1339,1329,1351]" etAl="&amp; al." firstAuthor="BERESFORD" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Ecology" pageId="23" pageNumber="156" pagination="4013 - 4026" part="26" refId="ref44707" refString="BERESFORD, J., ELIAS, M., PLUCKROSE, L., SUNDSTROM, L., BUTLIN, R. K., PAMILO, P. &amp; KULMUNI, J. 2017: Widespread hybridization within mound-building wood ants in Southern Finland results in cytonuclear mismatches and potential for sex-specific hybrid breakdown. - Molecular Ecology 26: 4013 - 4026." title="Widespread hybridization within mound-building wood ants in Southern Finland results in cytonuclear mismatches and potential for sex-specific hybrid breakdown" type="journal article" year="2017">BERESFORD &amp; al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
). Run as wild-cards in a two-class LDA considering the characters
<collectionCode box="[816,848,1393,1414]" country="France" name="Musee des Dinosaures d'Esperaza (Aude)" pageId="23" pageNumber="156">CS</collectionCode>
, CL / CW
<subScript attach="right" box="[949,987,1402,1416]" fontSize="6" pageId="23" pageNumber="156">1750</subScript>
, SL /
<collectionCode box="[1046,1075,1393,1414]" country="France" name="Musee des Dinosaures d'Esperaza (Aude)" pageId="23" pageNumber="156">CS</collectionCode>
<subScript attach="left" box="[1075,1113,1402,1416]" fontSize="6" pageId="23" pageNumber="156">1750</subScript>
, nCH
<subScript attach="left" box="[1173,1211,1402,1416]" fontSize="6" pageId="23" pageNumber="156">1750</subScript>
, OccHL
<subScript attach="left" box="[1297,1335,1402,1416]" fontSize="6" pageId="23" pageNumber="156">1750</subScript>
, nGu
<subScript attach="left" box="[1392,1430,1402,1416]" fontSize="6" pageId="23" pageNumber="156">1750</subScript>
, GuHL
<subScript attach="left" box="[887,927,1434,1448]" fontSize="6" pageId="23" pageNumber="156">1750</subScript>
, nPn
<subScript attach="left" box="[994,1034,1434,1448]" fontSize="6" pageId="23" pageNumber="156">1750</subScript>
, mPnHL
<subScript attach="left" box="[1145,1185,1434,1448]" fontSize="6" pageId="23" pageNumber="156">1750</subScript>
, nMes
<subScript attach="left" box="[1268,1308,1434,1448]" fontSize="6" pageId="23" pageNumber="156">1750</subScript>
, nMet
<subScript attach="left" box="[1389,1429,1434,1448]" fontSize="6" pageId="23" pageNumber="156">1750</subScript>
, MetHL
<subScript attach="right" box="[894,932,1466,1480]" fontSize="6" pageId="23" pageNumber="156">1750</subScript>
, nPr
<subScript attach="left" box="[980,1018,1466,1480]" fontSize="6" pageId="23" pageNumber="156">1750</subScript>
, SL / Smax
<subScript attach="left" box="[1137,1175,1466,1480]" fontSize="6" pageId="23" pageNumber="156">1750</subScript>
, EyeHL
<subScript attach="left" box="[1259,1297,1466,1480]" fontSize="6" pageId="23" pageNumber="156">1750</subScript>
, and nSc
<subScript attach="left" box="[1392,1430,1466,1480]" fontSize="6" pageId="23" pageNumber="156">1750</subScript>
, the type sample is allocated with p = 0.4867 to
<taxonomicName authorityName="FOERSTER" authorityYear="1850" box="[1306,1437,1489,1510]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="156" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polyctena">
<emphasis box="[1306,1437,1489,1510]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="156">F. polyctena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and with p = 0.5133 to the hybrid cluster. The marginal position in the hybrid cluster suggests
<taxonomicName authorityName="NYLANDER" authorityYear="1849" box="[1240,1334,1553,1574]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="156" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="major">
<emphasis box="[1240,1334,1553,1574]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="156">F. major</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to represent a backcross of a
<taxonomicName authorityName="YARROW" authorityYear="1955" box="[1040,1171,1585,1606]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="156" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aquilonia">
<emphasis box="[1040,1171,1585,1606]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="156">F. aquilonia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
×
<taxonomicName authorityName="FOERSTER" authorityYear="1850" box="[1196,1305,1585,1606]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="156" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polyctena">
<emphasis box="[1196,1305,1585,1606]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="156">polyctena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
hybrid with
<taxonomicName authorityName="FOERSTER" authorityYear="1850" box="[816,948,1617,1638]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="156" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polyctena">
<emphasis box="[816,948,1617,1638]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="156">F. polyctena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. A PCA plot considering the characters
<collectionCode box="[1367,1400,1617,1638]" country="France" name="Musee des Dinosaures d'Esperaza (Aude)" pageId="23" pageNumber="156">CS</collectionCode>
, SL /
<collectionCode box="[833,862,1649,1670]" country="France" name="Musee des Dinosaures d'Esperaza (Aude)" pageId="23" pageNumber="156">CS</collectionCode>
<subScript attach="left" box="[862,900,1658,1672]" fontSize="6" pageId="23" pageNumber="156">1750</subScript>
, OccHL
<subScript attach="left" box="[988,1026,1658,1672]" fontSize="6" pageId="23" pageNumber="156">1750</subScript>
, GuHL
<subScript attach="left" box="[1105,1143,1658,1672]" fontSize="6" pageId="23" pageNumber="156">1750</subScript>
, SL / Smax
<subScript attach="left" box="[1267,1305,1658,1672]" fontSize="6" pageId="23" pageNumber="156">1750</subScript>
, EyeHL
<subScript attach="left" box="[1391,1429,1658,1672]" fontSize="6" pageId="23" pageNumber="156">1750</subScript>
, and nSc
<subScript attach="left" box="[902,940,1690,1704]" fontSize="6" pageId="23" pageNumber="156">1750</subScript>
provides the same impression (
<figureCitation box="[1280,1355,1681,1703]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="23.[816,852,625,647]" captionTargetBox="[847,1414,173,604]" captionTargetId="graphics-932@23.[887,1409,177,564]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Fig.24: Position of the type samples of Formica major NY- LANDER, 1849 (MA) and Formica constricta KARAVAJEV, 1929 (CO) in a principal component analysis considering 58 nest samples of Formica polyctena (black squares) and 27 nest samples of Formica aquilonia × polyctena or backcrosses (white dots). The F. polyctena sample deeply placed within the hybrid cluster is aberrant and cannot be a hybrid for zoogeographical reasons. Seven phenotypic characters were considered." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5582255" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5582255/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="156">Fig.24</figureCitation>
). These investigations considered 27 nest samples and
<specimenCount box="[1307,1437,1713,1735]" pageId="23" pageNumber="156" type="worker">148 workers</specimenCount>
of
<taxonomicName authorityName="YARROW" authorityYear="1955" box="[842,973,1745,1766]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="156" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aquilonia">
<emphasis box="[842,973,1745,1766]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="156">F. aquilonia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
×
<taxonomicName authorityName="FOERSTER" authorityYear="1850" box="[998,1107,1745,1766]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="156" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polyctena">
<emphasis box="[998,1107,1745,1766]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="156">polyctena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
hybrids or backcrosses and 57 nest samples with
<specimenCount box="[1024,1158,1777,1799]" pageId="23" pageNumber="156" type="worker">217 workers</specimenCount>
of
<taxonomicName authorityName="FOERSTER" authorityYear="1850" box="[1195,1332,1777,1798]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="156" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polyctena">
<emphasis box="[1195,1332,1777,1798]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="156">F. polyctena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. See also section “
<treatmentCitation box="[912,1286,1808,1830]" pageId="23" pageNumber="156">
<taxonomicName authority="YARROW, 1955" authorityName="YARROW" authorityYear="1955" box="[912,1286,1808,1830]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="156" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aquilonia">
<emphasis box="[912,1120,1809,1830]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="156">Formica aquilonia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="YARROW" box="[1128,1286,1808,1830]" firstAuthor="YARROW" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Society for British Entomology" pageId="23" pageNumber="156" pagination="1 - 48" part="12" refId="ref47744" refString="YARROW, I. H. H. 1955: The British ants allied to Formica rufa L. - Transactions of the Society for British Entomology 12: 1 - 48." title="The British ants allied to Formica rufa L" type="journal article" year="1955">YARROW, 1955</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
” (p. 158) and
<figureCitation box="[816,924,1840,1863]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="24.[151,187,625,647]" captionTargetBox="[157,781,174,617]" captionTargetId="graphics-742@24.[201,763,176,582]" captionText="Fig.25: Position of the type samples of Formica major NY- LANDER, 1849 (MA) and Formica constricta KARAVAJEV,1929 (CO) in a linear discriminant analysis considering 58 nest samples of Formica polyctena (black squares), 27 nest samples of Formica aquilonia × polyctena or backcrosses (white dots), and 75 nest samples of F. aquilonia (black rhombs). The type samples were run aswild-cards.Sixteen phenotypiccharacters were considered." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5582257" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5582257/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="156">Figure 25</figureCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

363
data/F5/2B/87/F52B87F65E216158FC9FDD0EFE5B1B59.xml Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,363 @@
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5584834" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b9f36fb1-1c9d-4af8-96ca-d57973b94862" ID-GBIF-Taxon="192710750" ID-ISSN="1997-3500" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5584834" approvalRequired="1" checkinTime="1619623649741" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Seifert, Bernhard" docDate="2021" docId="F52B87F65E216158FC9FDD0EFE5B1B59" docLanguage="en" docName="myrmecNews.31_133-179_printable.pdf" docOrigin="Myrmecological News 31" docSource="http://zoobank.org/0e55c0d7-531a-48d7-a078-148b96bd461d" docTitle="Formica constricta KARAVAJEV 1926" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="158" masterDocId="0912FF8E5E366141FFC9DA41FF91193E" masterDocTitle="A taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic members of the Formica rufa group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) - the famous mound-building red wood ants" masterLastPageNumber="179" masterPageNumber="133" pageId="23" pageNumber="156" updateTime="1643400318318" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>A taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic members of the Formica rufa group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) - the famous mound-building red wood ants</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Seifert, Bernhard</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Myrmecological News</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2021-04-28</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>31</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>133</mods:start>
<mods:end>179</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://zoobank.org/0e55c0d7-531a-48d7-a078-148b96bd461d</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.25849/myrmecol.news_031:133</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">b9f36fb1-1c9d-4af8-96ca-d57973b94862</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1997-3500</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">5582216</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">0E55C0D7-531A-48D7-A078-148B96BD461D</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5584834" ID-GBIF-Taxon="192710750" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5584834" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F52B87F65E216158FC9FDD0EFE5B1B59" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F52B87F65E216158FC9FDD0EFE5B1B59" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="158" pageId="23" pageNumber="156">
<subSubSection box="[854,1328,1871,1895]" pageId="23" pageNumber="156" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="23.[815,1437,977,2023]" box="[854,1328,1871,1895]" pageId="23" pageNumber="156">
<treatmentCitation box="[854,1328,1871,1895]" pageId="23" pageNumber="156">
<taxonomicName authority="KARAVAJEV, 1926" authorityName="KARAVAJEV" authorityYear="1926" box="[854,1328,1871,1895]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="156" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="constricta">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[854,1328,1871,1895]" pageId="23" pageNumber="156">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[854,1104,1871,1895]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="156">Formica constricta</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation box="[1111,1328,1872,1894]" pageId="23" pageNumber="156">KARAVAJEV, 1926</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="23" pageNumber="156" type="reference_group">
<paragraph blockId="23.[815,1437,977,2023]" pageId="23" pageNumber="156">
<treatmentCitation box="[816,1334,1905,1927]" pageId="23" pageNumber="156">
<taxonomicName authority="KARAVAJEV, 1926" authorityName="KARAVAJEV" authorityYear="1926" box="[816,1334,1905,1927]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="156" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="rufa" variety="constricta">
<emphasis box="[816,1137,1905,1926]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="156">Formica rufa var. constricta</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation box="[1144,1334,1905,1927]" pageId="23" pageNumber="156">KARAVAJEV, 1926</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
[
<typeStatus box="[1348,1398,1905,1926]" pageId="23" pageNumber="156">type</typeStatus>
investigation]
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="157" pageId="23" pageNumber="156" type="discussion">
<paragraph blockId="23.[815,1437,977,2023]" lastBlockId="24.[151,773,945,2023]" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="157" pageId="23" pageNumber="156">
Investigated were
<specimenCount box="[1066,1305,1969,1991]" pageId="23" pageNumber="156" type="worker" typeStatus="syntype">two syntype workers</specimenCount>
on one pin labelled „ Akmolin. ob. Kokchetav. g. bl. Borovoye. Bej-Bijenko”, “3269. coll Karavaiev”, “Form. (Form.)
<taxonomicName authority="Karavaiev" authorityName="Karavaiev" authorityYear="1929" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="157" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="rufa" variety="constricta">rufa v. constricta Karavaiev</taxonomicName>
typ” (Karavajev’s handwriting), “
<typeStatus box="[162,265,1009,1030]" pageId="24" pageNumber="157">Syntypus</typeStatus>
<taxonomicName authorityName="LINNAEUS" authorityYear="1761" box="[270,412,1009,1031]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="157" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufa">Formica rufa</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName authority="Karaw." authorityName="Karaw." box="[417,609,1009,1031]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="157" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="constricta">constricta Karaw.</taxonomicName>
” (label of Radchenko) and
<specimenCount box="[285,523,1041,1063]" pageId="24" pageNumber="157" type="worker" typeStatus="syntype">three syntype workers</specimenCount>
on another pin labelled “3269. coll Karavaiev”, “
<typeStatus box="[409,511,1073,1094]" pageId="24" pageNumber="157">Syntypus</typeStatus>
<taxonomicName authorityName="LINNAEUS" authorityYear="1761" box="[516,657,1073,1095]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="157" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufa">Formica rufa</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName authority="Karaw." authorityName="Karaw." class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="157" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="constricta">constricta Karaw.</taxonomicName>
” (label of Radchenko); depository SIZ
<collectingRegion box="[666,718,1105,1127]" country="Ukraine" name="Kyiv" pageId="24" pageNumber="157">Kiev</collectingRegion>
. The type locality Borovoye is situated in the geographic zone (see below) where hybrids between
<taxonomicName authorityName="YARROW" authorityYear="1955" box="[525,726,1169,1190]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="157" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aquilonia">
<emphasis box="[525,726,1169,1190]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="157">Formica aquilonia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName authorityName="FOERSTER" authorityYear="1850" box="[151,362,1201,1222]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="157" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polyctena">
<emphasis box="[151,362,1201,1222]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="157">Formica polyctena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
do regularly occur. The status of the types was tested using the same 16 characters as in the analysis in the previous section. If run as wild-cards in a three-class LDA and comparing
<taxonomicName authorityName="YARROW" authorityYear="1955" box="[534,668,1297,1318]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="157" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aquilonia">
<emphasis box="[534,668,1297,1318]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="157">F. aquilonia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(class 1), hybrids and backcrosses
<taxonomicName authorityName="YARROW" authorityYear="1955" box="[429,563,1329,1350]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="157" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aquilonia">
<emphasis box="[429,563,1329,1350]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="157">F. aquilonia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
×
<taxonomicName authorityName="FOERSTER" authorityYear="1850" box="[594,703,1329,1350]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="157" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polyctena">
<emphasis box="[594,703,1329,1350]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="157">polyctena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(class 2) and
<taxonomicName authorityName="FOERSTER" authorityYear="1850" box="[224,358,1361,1382]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="157" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polyctena">
<emphasis box="[224,358,1361,1382]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="157">F. polyctena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(class 3), the type series is allocated to these classes with p = 0.0152, p = 0.8019, and p = 0.1829, respectively (
<figureCitation box="[296,372,1424,1447]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="24.[151,187,625,647]" captionTargetBox="[157,781,174,617]" captionTargetId="graphics-742@24.[201,763,176,582]" captionText="Fig.25: Position of the type samples of Formica major NY- LANDER, 1849 (MA) and Formica constricta KARAVAJEV,1929 (CO) in a linear discriminant analysis considering 58 nest samples of Formica polyctena (black squares), 27 nest samples of Formica aquilonia × polyctena or backcrosses (white dots), and 75 nest samples of F. aquilonia (black rhombs). The type samples were run aswild-cards.Sixteen phenotypiccharacters were considered." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5582257" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5582257/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="157">Fig.25</figureCitation>
). These investigations considered 75 nest samples with
<specimenCount box="[362,500,1456,1479]" pageId="24" pageNumber="157" type="worker">345 workers</specimenCount>
of
<taxonomicName authorityName="YARROW" authorityYear="1955" box="[538,674,1457,1478]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="157" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aquilonia">
<emphasis box="[538,674,1457,1478]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="157">F. aquilonia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 27 nest samples and
<specimenCount box="[304,445,1489,1511]" pageId="24" pageNumber="157" type="worker">148 workers</specimenCount>
of
<taxonomicName authorityName="YARROW" authorityYear="1955" box="[484,624,1489,1510]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="157" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aquilonia">
<emphasis box="[484,624,1489,1510]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="157">F. aquilonia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
×
<taxonomicName authorityName="FOERSTER" authorityYear="1850" box="[658,771,1489,1510]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="157" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polyctena">
<emphasis box="[658,771,1489,1510]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="157">polyctena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
hybrids or backcrosses, and 57 nest samples with
<specimenCount pageId="24" pageNumber="157" type="worker">217 workers</specimenCount>
of
<taxonomicName authorityName="FOERSTER" authorityYear="1850" box="[268,400,1552,1574]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="157" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polyctena">
<emphasis box="[268,400,1552,1574]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="157">F. polyctena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Under this setting, the type series of
<taxonomicName authorityName="NYLANDER" authorityYear="1849" box="[178,345,1585,1606]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="157" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="major">
<emphasis box="[178,345,1585,1606]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="157">Formica major</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was allocated in a wild-card run to the three classes with p = 0.0021, p = 0.5244, and p = 0.4735, respectively.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5582257" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5582257" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5582257/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="157" startId="24.[151,187,625,647]" targetBox="[157,781,174,617]" targetPageId="24">
<paragraph pageId="24" pageNumber="157">
Fig.25: Position of the type samples of
<taxonomicName authorityName="NYLANDER" authorityYear="1849" box="[566,726,625,646]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="157" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="major">
<emphasis box="[566,726,625,646]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="157">Formica major</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
NY-
<bibRefCitation box="[151,292,657,678]" pageId="24" pageNumber="157">LANDER, 1849</bibRefCitation>
(MA) and
<treatmentCitation box="[397,772,657,678]" pageId="24" pageNumber="157">
<taxonomicName authority="KARAVAJEV, 1929" authorityName="KARAVAJEV" authorityYear="1929" box="[397,772,657,678]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="157" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="constricta">
<emphasis box="[397,593,657,678]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="157">Formica constricta</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation box="[597,772,657,678]" pageId="24" pageNumber="157">KARAVAJEV, 1929</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
(CO) in a linear discriminant analysis considering 58 nest samples of
<taxonomicName authorityName="FOERSTER" authorityYear="1850" box="[260,450,721,742]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="157" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polyctena">
<emphasis box="[260,450,721,742]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="157">Formica polyctena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(black squares), 27 nest samples of
<taxonomicName authorityName="YARROW" authorityYear="1955" box="[175,365,753,774]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="157" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aquilonia">
<emphasis box="[175,365,753,774]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="157">Formica aquilonia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
×
<taxonomicName authorityName="FOERSTER" authorityYear="1850" box="[389,490,753,774]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="157" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polyctena">
<emphasis box="[389,490,753,774]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="157">polyctena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or backcrosses (white dots), and 75 nest samples of
<taxonomicName authorityName="YARROW" authorityYear="1955" box="[389,511,785,806]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="157" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aquilonia">
<emphasis box="[389,511,785,806]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="157">F. aquilonia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(black rhombs). The type samples were run as wild-cards. Sixteen phenotypic characters were considered.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5582261" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5582261" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5582261/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="157" startId="24.[816,850,625,647]" targetBox="[792,1427,173,610]" targetPageId="24">
<paragraph blockId="24.[816,1437,625,743]" pageId="24" pageNumber="157">
Fig.26: Principal component analysis of gynes of
<taxonomicName authorityName="FOERSTER" authorityYear="1850" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="157" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polyctena">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="157">Formica polyctena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(black squares, n = 33),
<taxonomicName authorityName="YARROW" authorityYear="1955" box="[1100,1287,657,678]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="157" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aquilonia">
<emphasis box="[1100,1287,657,678]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="157">Formica aquilonia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
×
<taxonomicName authorityName="FOERSTER" authorityYear="1850" box="[1311,1411,657,678]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="157" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polyctena">
<emphasis box="[1311,1411,657,678]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="157">polyctena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or backcrosses (white dots, n = 18), and
<taxonomicName authorityName="YARROW" authorityYear="1955" box="[1170,1287,689,710]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="157" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aquilonia">
<emphasis box="[1170,1287,689,710]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="157">F.aquilonia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(black rhombs, n = 29). Twenty-four phenotypic characters were considered.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection pageId="24" pageNumber="157" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph blockId="24.[151,773,945,2023]" pageId="24" pageNumber="157">
All material examined. The full set of numeric phenotypical data was recorded in 27 nest samples with
<specimenCount box="[151,283,1745,1767]" pageId="24" pageNumber="157" type="worker">148 workers</specimenCount>
and 18 gynes.
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F52B87F65E216158FC9FDD0EFE5B1B59:785D603B5E2E6159FE71DC90FE691FD9" box="[440,504,1745,1767]" country="Finland" municipality="For" name="These" pageId="24" pageNumber="157">These</location>
originated from
<collectingCountry box="[685,771,1745,1767]" name="Finland" pageId="24" pageNumber="157">Finland</collectingCountry>
(13),
<collectingCountry box="[208,339,1777,1799]" name="Kazakhstan" pageId="24" pageNumber="157">Kazakhstan</collectingCountry>
(one),
<collectingCountry box="[414,516,1777,1799]" name="Mongolia" pageId="24" pageNumber="157">Mongolia</collectingCountry>
(one), and
<collectingCountry box="[641,714,1777,1799]" name="Russia" pageId="24" pageNumber="157">Russia</collectingCountry>
(12).
<collectingMunicipality box="[151,188,1809,1830]" pageId="24" pageNumber="157">For</collectingMunicipality>
details, see SI1, SI2, and SI3.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="24" pageNumber="157" type="distribution">
<paragraph blockId="24.[151,773,945,2023]" pageId="24" pageNumber="157">
Geographic range. The geographic range where hybrids
<taxonomicName authorityName="YARROW" authorityYear="1955" box="[236,436,1873,1894]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="157" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aquilonia">
<emphasis box="[236,436,1873,1894]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="157">Formica aquilonia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
×
<taxonomicName authorityName="FOERSTER" authorityYear="1850" box="[460,566,1873,1894]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="157" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polyctena">
<emphasis box="[460,566,1873,1894]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="157">polyctena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are known to occur corresponds to the transition zone between temperate and boreal climate and ranges from
<geoCoordinate box="[544,622,1937,1958]" degrees="19.8" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="157" precision="5555" value="19.8">19.8° E</geoCoordinate>
(
<collectingRegion box="[635,715,1937,1959]" country="Finland" name="Aland" pageId="24" pageNumber="157">Aaland</collectingRegion>
Isles /
<collectingCountry box="[170,258,1969,1991]" name="Finland" pageId="24" pageNumber="157">Finland</collectingCountry>
) to
<geoCoordinate box="[300,374,1969,1990]" degrees="107" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="157" precision="55555" value="107.0">107° E</geoCoordinate>
(Baikal Region and Bogdkhan NP /
<collectingCountry box="[151,255,2001,2023]" name="Mongolia" pageId="24" pageNumber="157">Mongolia</collectingCountry>
). With increasing continentality, this zone moves
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="24.[816,1437,816,2022]" pageId="24" pageNumber="157">
south:
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F52B87F65E216158FC9FDD0EFE5B1B59:785D603B5E2E6159FCB2D970FC1C1A78" box="[891,909,817,838]" country="Finland" county="Central Siberia" latitude="53.2" longLatPrecision="33739" longitude="104.0" municipality="West Siberia" name="It" pageId="24" pageNumber="157">It</location>
extends in
<collectingCountry box="[1032,1118,817,839]" name="Finland" pageId="24" pageNumber="157">Finland</collectingCountry>
between 59.8 and
<geoCoordinate box="[1319,1405,816,838]" degrees="63.3" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="157" precision="5555" value="63.3">63.3° N</geoCoordinate>
, in
<collectingMunicipality box="[816,954,849,871]" pageId="24" pageNumber="157">West Siberia</collectingMunicipality>
(about
<geoCoordinate box="[1033,1093,848,870]" degrees="62" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="157" precision="55555" value="62.0">62° E</geoCoordinate>
) between 53.1 and
<geoCoordinate box="[1302,1386,848,870]" degrees="60.4" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="157" precision="5555" value="60.4">60.4° N</geoCoordinate>
, and in
<collectingCounty box="[842,1003,881,903]" pageId="24" pageNumber="157">Central Siberia</collectingCounty>
(about
<geoCoordinate box="[1079,1150,881,902]" degrees="104" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="157" precision="55555" value="104.0">104° E</geoCoordinate>
) between 47.8 and
<geoCoordinate box="[1350,1433,880,902]" degrees="53.2" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="157" precision="5555" value="53.2">53.2° N</geoCoordinate>
. Hybrid occurrence and introgression should also occur in the Alps somewhere in the submontane or montane zone.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="24" pageNumber="157" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph blockId="24.[816,1437,816,2022]" pageId="24" pageNumber="157">
Diagnosis of worker (
<tableCitation box="[1194,1281,976,998]" captionStart="Tab" captionStartId="12.[151,191,177,199]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,288,1992]" captionTargetId="graphics-52@12.[151,1437,281,2018]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Tab.2: Workers of species and hybrids similar to Formica rufa and Formica aquilonia; head size and RAV-corrected data for the assumption of each individual having a head size of 1750µm; data given as arithmetic mean ± standard deviation (lower extreme, upper extreme) number of individuals." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/29FD66685E3A614DFF5EDAF0FDB11839" pageId="24" pageNumber="157">Tab. 2</tableCitation>
, key). The hybrids are intermediate in all characters in which the parental species show notable differences (
<tableCitation box="[1282,1346,1040,1062]" captionStart="Tab" captionStartId="12.[151,191,177,199]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,288,1992]" captionTargetId="graphics-52@12.[151,1437,281,2018]" captionText="Tab.2: Workers of species and hybrids similar to Formica rufa and Formica aquilonia; head size and RAV-corrected data for the assumption of each individual having a head size of 1750µm; data given as arithmetic mean ± standard deviation (lower extreme, upper extreme) number of individuals." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/29FD66685E3A614DFF5EDAF0FDB11839" pageId="24" pageNumber="157" tableUuid="29FD66685E3A614DFF5EDAF0FDB11839">Tab.2</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="24.[816,1437,816,2022]" pageId="24" pageNumber="157">
Diagnosis of gyne (
<tableCitation box="[1154,1242,1072,1094]" captionStart="Tab" captionStartId="16.[151,191,177,199]" captionTargetBox="[158,1429,256,2005]" captionTargetId="graphics-28@16.[151,1437,249,2018]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Tab.6: Gynes of species and hybrids with sparse pilosity; data given as arithmetic mean ± standard deviation (lower extreme, upper extreme) number of individuals." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/29FD66685E266151FF5EDAF0FDB119D9" pageId="24" pageNumber="157">Tab. 6</tableCitation>
). Except for
<specimenCount pageId="24" pageNumber="157" type="generic">one specimen</specimenCount>
, all examined gynes are from a single supercolony near Tvärminne /
<collectingCountry box="[1108,1196,1137,1159]" name="Finland" pageId="24" pageNumber="157">Finland</collectingCountry>
in which the genetic structure was thoroughly investigated by
<bibRefCitation author="KULMUNI" etAl="&amp; al." firstAuthor="KULMUNI" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America" pageId="24" pageNumber="157" pagination="7371 - 7376" part="107" refId="ref45938" refString="KULMUNI, J., SEIFERT, B. &amp; PAMILO, P. 2010: Segregation distortion causes large-scale differences between male and female genomes in hybrid ants. - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 107: 7371 - 7376." title="Segregation distortion causes large-scale differences between male and female genomes in hybrid ants" type="journal article" year="2010">KULMUNI &amp; al. (2010)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation author="KULMUNI &amp; PAMILO" box="[940,1237,1201,1223]" firstAuthor="KULMUNI" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America" pageId="24" pageNumber="157" pagination="12805 - 12810" part="111" refId="ref45988" refString="KULMUNI, J. &amp; PAMILO, P. 2014: Introgression in hybrid ants is favored in females but selected against in males. - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 111: 12805 - 12810." title="Introgression in hybrid ants is favored in females but selected against in males" type="journal article" year="2014">KULMUNI &amp; PAMILO (2014)</bibRefCitation>
. The data in
<tableCitation captionStart="Tab" captionStartId="16.[151,191,177,199]" captionTargetBox="[158,1429,256,2005]" captionTargetId="graphics-28@16.[151,1437,249,2018]" captionText="Tab.6: Gynes of species and hybrids with sparse pilosity; data given as arithmetic mean ± standard deviation (lower extreme, upper extreme) number of individuals." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/29FD66685E266151FF5EDAF0FDB119D9" pageId="24" pageNumber="157" tableUuid="29FD66685E266151FF5EDAF0FDB119D9">Table 6</tableCitation>
are thus biased to a local situation and probably not representative for the Palaearctic hybrid population. Yet, the intermediate position of the hybrids becomes obvious in characters showing the most obvious differences of the parental species: SL /
<collectionCode box="[1058,1091,1361,1382]" country="France" name="Musee des Dinosaures d'Esperaza (Aude)" pageId="24" pageNumber="157">CS</collectionCode>
, SL / Smax, FodG, and GuHL.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="158" pageId="24" pageNumber="157" type="discussion">
<paragraph blockId="24.[816,1437,816,2022]" pageId="24" pageNumber="157">
Taxonomic comments and clustering results. The earliest indications of this hybridization came from a West Siberian sample (SaNo 156, Yekaterinburg-1998-U23) combining a clear
<taxonomicName authorityName="FOERSTER" authorityYear="1850" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="157" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polyctena">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="157">Formica polyctena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
phenotype with a mtDNA of
<taxonomicName authorityName="YARROW" authorityYear="1955" box="[1218,1436,1521,1542]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="157" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aquilonia">
<emphasis box="[1218,1436,1521,1542]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="157">Formica aquilonia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation author="GOROPASHNAYA" box="[825,1129,1553,1575]" etAl="&amp; al." firstAuthor="GOROPASHNAYA" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="24" pageNumber="157" pagination="198 - 206" part="32" refId="ref45751" refString="GOROPASHNAYA, A. V., FEDOROV, V. B. &amp; PAMILO, P. 2004: Recent speciation in the Formica rufa group ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae): inference from mitochondrial DNA phylogeny. - Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 32: 198 - 206." title="Recent speciation in the Formica rufa group ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae): inference from mitochondrial DNA phylogeny" type="journal article" year="2004">GOROPASHNAYA &amp; al. 2004</bibRefCitation>
) and observation of viable laboratory crosses (
<bibRefCitation author="SORVARI" box="[1026,1181,1585,1607]" firstAuthor="SORVARI" journalOrPublisher="Entomologica Fennica" pageId="24" pageNumber="157" pagination="1 - 7" part="17" refId="ref47331" refString="SORVARI, J. 2006: Two distinct morphs in the wood ant Formica polyctena in Finland: a result of hybridization? - Entomologica Fennica 17: 1 - 7." title="Two distinct morphs in the wood ant Formica polyctena in Finland: a result of hybridization?" type="journal article" year="2006">SORVARI 2006</bibRefCitation>
). In the time since then, hybridization of
<taxonomicName authorityName="YARROW" authorityYear="1955" box="[1001,1135,1617,1638]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="157" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aquilonia">
<emphasis box="[1001,1135,1617,1638]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="157">F. aquilonia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName authorityName="FOERSTER" authorityYear="1850" box="[1193,1329,1617,1638]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="157" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polyctena">
<emphasis box="[1193,1329,1617,1638]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="157">F. polyctena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been confirmed and thoroughly investigated by morphometric analyses and investigation of nuDNA (
<bibRefCitation author="KULMUNI" etAl="&amp; al." firstAuthor="KULMUNI" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America" pageId="24" pageNumber="157" pagination="7371 - 7376" part="107" refId="ref45938" refString="KULMUNI, J., SEIFERT, B. &amp; PAMILO, P. 2010: Segregation distortion causes large-scale differences between male and female genomes in hybrid ants. - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 107: 7371 - 7376." title="Segregation distortion causes large-scale differences between male and female genomes in hybrid ants" type="journal article" year="2010">KULMUNI &amp; al. 2010</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="BERESFORD" box="[881,1122,1713,1735]" etAl="&amp; al." firstAuthor="BERESFORD" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Ecology" pageId="24" pageNumber="157" pagination="4013 - 4026" part="26" refId="ref44707" refString="BERESFORD, J., ELIAS, M., PLUCKROSE, L., SUNDSTROM, L., BUTLIN, R. K., PAMILO, P. &amp; KULMUNI, J. 2017: Widespread hybridization within mound-building wood ants in Southern Finland results in cytonuclear mismatches and potential for sex-specific hybrid breakdown. - Molecular Ecology 26: 4013 - 4026." title="Widespread hybridization within mound-building wood ants in Southern Finland results in cytonuclear mismatches and potential for sex-specific hybrid breakdown" type="journal article" year="2017">BERESFORD &amp; al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
). A nuDNA study of the latter authors in 17 sites within an area of
<quantity box="[1227,1326,1744,1768]" metricMagnitude="6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="24" pageNumber="157" unit="km" value="3000.0">3000 km</quantity>
<quantity box="[1325,1364,1744,1768]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" pageId="24" pageNumber="157" unit="in" value="2.0">² in</quantity>
South
<collectingCountry box="[816,903,1777,1799]" name="Finland" pageId="24" pageNumber="157">Finland</collectingCountry>
revealed extremely frequent hybridization and introgression between
<taxonomicName authorityName="YARROW" authorityYear="1955" box="[1063,1193,1809,1830]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="157" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aquilonia">
<emphasis box="[1063,1193,1809,1830]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="157">F. aquilonia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName authorityName="FOERSTER" authorityYear="1850" box="[1244,1376,1809,1830]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="157" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polyctena">
<emphasis box="[1244,1376,1809,1830]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="157">F. polyctena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. This investigation showed that nest populations with a hybrid history but having developed their nuclear DNA close to the situation in the
<taxonomicName authorityName="YARROW" authorityYear="1955" box="[1028,1159,1905,1926]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="157" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aquilonia">
<emphasis box="[1028,1159,1905,1926]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="157">F. aquilonia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
parent preferentially had the mtDNA of
<taxonomicName authorityName="FOERSTER" authorityYear="1850" box="[979,1115,1937,1958]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="157" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polyctena">
<emphasis box="[979,1115,1937,1958]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="157">F. polyctena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, whereas a majority of those with a nuDNA approaching
<taxonomicName authorityName="FOERSTER" authorityYear="1850" box="[1110,1241,1969,1990]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="157" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polyctena">
<emphasis box="[1110,1241,1969,1990]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="157">F. polyctena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
had the mtDNA of
<taxonomicName authorityName="YARROW" authorityYear="1955" box="[816,948,2001,2022]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="157" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aquilonia">
<emphasis box="[816,948,2001,2022]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="157">F. aquilonia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="25.[151,772,177,615]" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">
Hybrids in the
<collectingRegion box="[355,519,177,199]" country="Russia" name="Irkutsk" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">Irkutsk Region</collectingRegion>
(Central Siberia) seem to form an own self-sustaining population – at least they are no result of a very recent hybridization because
<taxonomicName authorityName="FOERSTER" authorityYear="1850" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="158" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polyctena">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">Formica polyctena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is not confirmed so far to occur there and because its presence is unlikely for climatic reasons (mean January temperature -21°C).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="25.[151,772,177,615]" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">
Results of clustering worker samples are commented above (
<figureCitation box="[229,315,401,423]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="23.[816,852,625,647]" captionTargetBox="[847,1414,173,604]" captionTargetId="graphics-932@23.[887,1409,177,564]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Fig.24: Position of the type samples of Formica major NY- LANDER, 1849 (MA) and Formica constricta KARAVAJEV, 1929 (CO) in a principal component analysis considering 58 nest samples of Formica polyctena (black squares) and 27 nest samples of Formica aquilonia × polyctena or backcrosses (white dots). The F. polyctena sample deeply placed within the hybrid cluster is aberrant and cannot be a hybrid for zoogeographical reasons. Seven phenotypic characters were considered." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5582255" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5582255/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">Figs. 24</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation box="[326,356,400,422]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="24.[151,187,625,647]" captionTargetBox="[157,781,174,617]" captionTargetId="graphics-742@24.[201,763,176,582]" captionText="Fig.25: Position of the type samples of Formica major NY- LANDER, 1849 (MA) and Formica constricta KARAVAJEV,1929 (CO) in a linear discriminant analysis considering 58 nest samples of Formica polyctena (black squares), 27 nest samples of Formica aquilonia × polyctena or backcrosses (white dots), and 75 nest samples of F. aquilonia (black rhombs). The type samples were run aswild-cards.Sixteen phenotypiccharacters were considered." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5582257" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5582257/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">25</figureCitation>
). Due to introgression, it is not possible to demonstrate three separate clusters. A PCA of the gynes, considering all 24 characters presented in
<tableCitation box="[687,767,465,487]" captionStart="Tab" captionStartId="16.[151,191,177,199]" captionTargetBox="[158,1429,256,2005]" captionTargetId="graphics-28@16.[151,1437,249,2018]" captionText="Tab.6: Gynes of species and hybrids with sparse pilosity; data given as arithmetic mean ± standard deviation (lower extreme, upper extreme) number of individuals." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/29FD66685E266151FF5EDAF0FDB119D9" pageId="25" pageNumber="158" tableUuid="29FD66685E266151FF5EDAF0FDB119D9">Table 6</tableCitation>
, provided a rather good separation of the three entities (
<figureCitation box="[160,235,529,551]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="24.[816,850,625,647]" captionTargetBox="[792,1427,173,610]" captionTargetId="graphics-1174@24.[872,1421,177,570]" captionText="Fig.26:Principal componentanalysisof gynes ofFormicapolyctena (black squares, n = 33), Formicaaquilonia × polyctena or backcrosses (whitedots, n =18),andF.aquilonia (black rhombs, n = 29). Twenty-four phenotypic characters were considered." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5582261" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5582261/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">Fig. 26</figureCitation>
). However, there are no backcrosses in the gyne hybrid cluster in which 94% of specimens came from a single, isolated supercolony.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

96
data/F5/2B/87/F52B87F65E256152FC9FD94EFA0C1D19.xml Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5587859" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b9f36fb1-1c9d-4af8-96ca-d57973b94862" ID-GBIF-Taxon="192710749" ID-ISSN="1997-3500" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5587859" approvalRequired="1" checkinTime="1619623649741" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Seifert, Bernhard" docDate="2021" docId="F52B87F65E256152FC9FD94EFA0C1D19" docLanguage="en" docName="myrmecNews.31_133-179_printable.pdf" docOrigin="Myrmecological News 31" docSource="http://zoobank.org/0e55c0d7-531a-48d7-a078-148b96bd461d" docTitle="Formica meridionalis NASSONOV 1889" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="152" masterDocId="0912FF8E5E366141FFC9DA41FF91193E" masterDocTitle="A taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic members of the Formica rufa group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) - the famous mound-building red wood ants" masterLastPageNumber="179" masterPageNumber="133" pageId="19" pageNumber="152" updateTime="1643400318318" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>A taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic members of the Formica rufa group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) - the famous mound-building red wood ants</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Seifert, Bernhard</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Myrmecological News</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2021-04-28</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>31</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>133</mods:start>
<mods:end>179</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://zoobank.org/0e55c0d7-531a-48d7-a078-148b96bd461d</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.25849/myrmecol.news_031:133</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">b9f36fb1-1c9d-4af8-96ca-d57973b94862</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1997-3500</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">5582216</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">0E55C0D7-531A-48D7-A078-148B96BD461D</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5587859" ID-GBIF-Taxon="192710749" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5587859" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F52B87F65E256152FC9FD94EFA0C1D19" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F52B87F65E256152FC9FD94EFA0C1D19" lastPageNumber="152" pageId="19" pageNumber="152">
<subSubSection box="[854,1350,783,806]" pageId="19" pageNumber="152" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="19.[816,1438,176,2023]" box="[854,1350,783,806]" pageId="19" pageNumber="152">
<treatmentCitation box="[854,1350,783,806]" pageId="19" pageNumber="152">
<taxonomicName authority="NASSONOV, 1889" authorityName="NASSONOV" authorityYear="1889" box="[854,1350,783,806]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="meridionalis">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[854,1350,783,806]" pageId="19" pageNumber="152">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[854,1139,783,806]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="152">Formica meridionalis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation box="[1145,1350,784,806]" pageId="19" pageNumber="152">NASSONOV, 1889</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="19" pageNumber="152" type="reference_group">
<paragraph blockId="19.[816,1438,176,2023]" pageId="19" pageNumber="152">
<treatmentCitation box="[816,1348,817,838]" pageId="19" pageNumber="152">
<taxonomicName authority="NASSONOV, 1889" authorityName="NASSONOV" authorityYear="1889" box="[816,1348,817,838]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="rufa" variety="meridionalis">
<emphasis box="[816,965,817,838]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="152">Formica rufa</emphasis>
var.
<emphasis box="[1020,1162,817,838]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="152">meridionalis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation box="[1168,1348,817,838]" pageId="19" pageNumber="152">NASSONOV, 1889</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
[identification by
<bibRefCitation author="DLUSSKY" bookContentInfo="236 pp." box="[936,1111,848,871]" firstAuthor="DLUSSKY" journalOrPublisher="Izdatel'stvo Nauka, Moscow" pageId="19" pageNumber="152" refId="ref45182" refString="DLUSSKY, G. M. 1967: Murav'i roda Formica. - Izdatel'stvo Nauka, Moscow, 236 pp." title="Murav'i roda Formica" type="book" year="1967">DLUSSKY (1967)</bibRefCitation>
]
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="19" pageNumber="152" type="discussion">
<paragraph blockId="19.[816,1438,176,2023]" pageId="19" pageNumber="152">
This taxon was described from
<collectingRegion box="[1206,1295,881,903]" country="Ukraine" name="Kharkiv" pageId="19" pageNumber="152">Kharkiv</collectingRegion>
/ E
<collectingCountry box="[1346,1436,881,903]" name="Ukraine" pageId="19" pageNumber="152">Ukraine</collectingCountry>
and was synonymized by
<bibRefCitation author="DLUSSKY" bookContentInfo="236 pp." box="[1107,1286,913,935]" firstAuthor="DLUSSKY" journalOrPublisher="Izdatel'stvo Nauka, Moscow" pageId="19" pageNumber="152" refId="ref45182" refString="DLUSSKY, G. M. 1967: Murav'i roda Formica. - Izdatel'stvo Nauka, Moscow, 236 pp." title="Murav'i roda Formica" type="book" year="1967">DLUSSKY (1967)</bibRefCitation>
, who investigated
<typeStatus box="[881,941,945,966]" pageId="19" pageNumber="152">types</typeStatus>
in the collection of
<collectionCode box="[1155,1226,945,966]" country="Sweden" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/nzgn-b6sw" name="Lunds Universitet, Zoologiska Institutionen" pageId="19" pageNumber="152">ZMLU</collectionCode>
<collectorName box="[1232,1317,945,967]" pageId="19" pageNumber="152">Moskva</collectorName>
and stated these to be in all characters consistent with
<taxonomicName authorityName="LINNAEUS" authorityYear="1761" box="[1300,1375,977,998]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufa">
<emphasis box="[1300,1375,977,998]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="152">F. rufa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<collectorName box="[1388,1436,977,999]" pageId="19" pageNumber="152">This</collectorName>
is credible considering
<collectorName box="[1067,1229,1009,1031]" pageId="19" pageNumber="152">G.M. Dlussky’s</collectorName>
good knowledge of wood ants and the species spectrum present near
<collectingRegion box="[1343,1433,1041,1063]" country="Ukraine" name="Kharkiv" pageId="19" pageNumber="152">Kharkiv</collectingRegion>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

98
data/F5/2B/87/F52B87F65E256152FC9FDB2EFA101A39.xml Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5587859" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b9f36fb1-1c9d-4af8-96ca-d57973b94862" ID-GBIF-Taxon="192710748" ID-ISSN="1997-3500" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5587859" approvalRequired="1" checkinTime="1619623649741" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Seifert, Bernhard" docDate="2021" docId="F52B87F65E256152FC9FDB2EFA101A39" docLanguage="en" docName="myrmecNews.31_133-179_printable.pdf" docOrigin="Myrmecological News 31" docSource="http://zoobank.org/0e55c0d7-531a-48d7-a078-148b96bd461d" docTitle="Formica piniphila Schenck 1852" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="152" masterDocId="0912FF8E5E366141FFC9DA41FF91193E" masterDocTitle="A taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic members of the Formica rufa group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) - the famous mound-building red wood ants" masterLastPageNumber="179" masterPageNumber="133" pageId="19" pageNumber="152" updateTime="1643400318318" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>A taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic members of the Formica rufa group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) - the famous mound-building red wood ants</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Seifert, Bernhard</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Myrmecological News</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2021-04-28</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>31</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>133</mods:start>
<mods:end>179</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://zoobank.org/0e55c0d7-531a-48d7-a078-148b96bd461d</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.25849/myrmecol.news_031:133</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">b9f36fb1-1c9d-4af8-96ca-d57973b94862</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1997-3500</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">5582216</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">0E55C0D7-531A-48D7-A078-148B96BD461D</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5587859" ID-GBIF-Taxon="192710748" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5587859" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F52B87F65E256152FC9FDB2EFA101A39" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F52B87F65E256152FC9FDB2EFA101A39" lastPageNumber="152" pageId="19" pageNumber="152">
<subSubSection box="[854,1287,367,390]" pageId="19" pageNumber="152" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="19.[816,1438,176,2023]" box="[854,1287,367,390]" pageId="19" pageNumber="152">
<treatmentCitation box="[854,1287,367,390]" pageId="19" pageNumber="152">
<taxonomicName authority="SCHENCK, 1852" authorityName="Schenck" authorityYear="1852" box="[854,1287,367,390]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="piniphila">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[854,1287,367,390]" pageId="19" pageNumber="152">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[854,1089,367,390]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="152">Formica piniphila</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="SCHENCK" box="[1095,1287,368,390]" firstAuthor="SCHENCK" journalOrPublisher="Jahrbuch des Vereins fur Naturkunde im Herzogthum Nassau, Wiesbaden" pageId="19" pageNumber="152" pagination="1 - 149" part="8" refId="ref46420" refString="SCHENCK, C. F. 1852: Beschreibung nassauischer Ameisenarten. - Jahrbuch des Vereins fur Naturkunde im Herzogthum Nassau, Wiesbaden 8: 1 - 149." title="Beschreibung nassauischer Ameisenarten" type="journal article" year="1852">SCHENCK, 1852</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="19" pageNumber="152" type="reference_group">
<paragraph blockId="19.[816,1438,176,2023]" pageId="19" pageNumber="152">
<treatmentCitation box="[816,1193,400,422]" pageId="19" pageNumber="152">
<taxonomicName authority="SCHENCK, 1852" authorityName="Schenck" authorityYear="1852" box="[816,1193,400,422]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="piniphila">
<emphasis box="[816,1018,401,422]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="152">Formica piniphila</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="SCHENCK" box="[1025,1193,400,422]" firstAuthor="SCHENCK" journalOrPublisher="Jahrbuch des Vereins fur Naturkunde im Herzogthum Nassau, Wiesbaden" pageId="19" pageNumber="152" pagination="1 - 149" part="8" refId="ref46420" refString="SCHENCK, C. F. 1852: Beschreibung nassauischer Ameisenarten. - Jahrbuch des Vereins fur Naturkunde im Herzogthum Nassau, Wiesbaden 8: 1 - 149." title="Beschreibung nassauischer Ameisenarten" type="journal article" year="1852">SCHENCK, 1852</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
[description and zoogeography]
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="19" pageNumber="152" type="discussion">
<paragraph blockId="19.[816,1438,176,2023]" pageId="19" pageNumber="152">
This taxon was described from Hessen-Nassau.
<typeStatus box="[1372,1436,465,486]" pageId="19" pageNumber="152">Types</typeStatus>
were not available.
<bibRefCitation author="SCHENCK" box="[1016,1187,496,518]" firstAuthor="SCHENCK" journalOrPublisher="Jahrbuch des Vereins fur Naturkunde im Herzogthum Nassau, Wiesbaden" pageId="19" pageNumber="152" pagination="1 - 149" part="8" refId="ref46420" refString="SCHENCK, C. F. 1852: Beschreibung nassauischer Ameisenarten. - Jahrbuch des Vereins fur Naturkunde im Herzogthum Nassau, Wiesbaden 8: 1 - 149." title="Beschreibung nassauischer Ameisenarten" type="journal article" year="1852">SCHENCK (1852)</bibRefCitation>
reported for the worker “mesosoma always homogenously covered by setae, eyes bare, mesosoma with two small, pale blackish spots, the latter often missing” and for the gyne “scutellum and gaster brilliantly shiny.” As
<bibRefCitation author="SCHENCK" box="[1141,1326,624,646]" firstAuthor="SCHENCK" journalOrPublisher="Jahrbuch des Vereins fur Naturkunde im Herzogthum Nassau, Wiesbaden" pageId="19" pageNumber="152" pagination="1 - 149" part="8" refId="ref46420" refString="SCHENCK, C. F. 1852: Beschreibung nassauischer Ameisenarten. - Jahrbuch des Vereins fur Naturkunde im Herzogthum Nassau, Wiesbaden 8: 1 - 149." title="Beschreibung nassauischer Ameisenarten" type="journal article" year="1852">SCHENCK (1852)</bibRefCitation>
correctly described differential characters of
<taxonomicName box="[1217,1430,657,678]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polyctena">
<emphasis box="[1217,1430,657,678]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="152">Formica polyctena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis box="[816,1026,689,710]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="152">
<taxonomicName authorityName="RETZIUS" authorityYear="1783" box="[816,1022,689,710]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pratensis">Formica pratensis</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
and
<taxonomicName box="[1077,1299,689,710]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="truncorum">
<emphasis box="[1077,1299,689,710]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="152">Formica truncorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and because no other
<taxonomicName authorityName="LINNAEUS" authorityYear="1761" box="[919,1069,721,742]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufa">
<emphasis box="[919,1069,721,742]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="152">Formica rufa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group species are expectable for Hessen-Nassau, the synonymy with
<taxonomicName authorityName="LINNAEUS" authorityYear="1761" box="[1212,1286,753,774]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufa">
<emphasis box="[1212,1286,753,774]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="152">F. rufa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is obvious.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

100
data/F5/2B/87/F52B87F65E256152FC9FDE6EFAA61C98.xml Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5587859" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b9f36fb1-1c9d-4af8-96ca-d57973b94862" ID-GBIF-Taxon="192710747" ID-ISSN="1997-3500" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5587859" approvalRequired="1" checkinTime="1619623649741" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Seifert, Bernhard" docDate="2021" docId="F52B87F65E256152FC9FDE6EFAA61C98" docLanguage="en" docName="myrmecNews.31_133-179_printable.pdf" docOrigin="Myrmecological News 31" docSource="http://zoobank.org/0e55c0d7-531a-48d7-a078-148b96bd461d" docTitle="Formica rufotruncicola WASMANN 1891" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="152" masterDocId="0912FF8E5E366141FFC9DA41FF91193E" masterDocTitle="A taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic members of the Formica rufa group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) - the famous mound-building red wood ants" masterLastPageNumber="179" masterPageNumber="133" pageId="19" pageNumber="152" updateTime="1643400318318" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>A taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic members of the Formica rufa group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) - the famous mound-building red wood ants</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Seifert, Bernhard</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Myrmecological News</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2021-04-28</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>31</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>133</mods:start>
<mods:end>179</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://zoobank.org/0e55c0d7-531a-48d7-a078-148b96bd461d</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.25849/myrmecol.news_031:133</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">b9f36fb1-1c9d-4af8-96ca-d57973b94862</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1997-3500</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">5582216</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">0E55C0D7-531A-48D7-A078-148B96BD461D</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5587859" ID-GBIF-Taxon="192710747" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5587859" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F52B87F65E256152FC9FDE6EFAA61C98" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F52B87F65E256152FC9FDE6EFAA61C98" lastPageNumber="152" pageId="19" pageNumber="152">
<subSubSection box="[854,1373,1071,1094]" pageId="19" pageNumber="152" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="19.[816,1438,176,2023]" box="[854,1373,1071,1094]" pageId="19" pageNumber="152">
<treatmentCitation box="[854,1373,1071,1094]" pageId="19" pageNumber="152">
<taxonomicName authority="WASMANN, 1891" authorityName="WASMANN" authorityYear="1891" box="[854,1373,1071,1094]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufotruncicola">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[854,1373,1071,1094]" pageId="19" pageNumber="152">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[854,1163,1071,1094]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="152">Formica rufotruncicola</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="WASMANN" box="[1169,1373,1072,1094]" firstAuthor="WASMANN" journalOrPublisher="Tijdschrift voor Entomologie" pageId="19" pageNumber="152" pagination="39 - 64" part="34" refId="ref47576" refString="WASMANN, E. 1891 a: Verzeichnis der Ameisen und Ameisengaste von Hollandisch Limburg. - Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 34: 39 - 64." title="Verzeichnis der Ameisen und Ameisengaste von Hollandisch Limburg" type="journal article" year="1891">WASMANN, 1891</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="19" pageNumber="152" type="reference_group">
<paragraph blockId="19.[816,1438,176,2023]" pageId="19" pageNumber="152">
<treatmentCitation box="[816,1384,1105,1126]" pageId="19" pageNumber="152">
<taxonomicName authority="WASMANN, 1891" authorityName="WASMANN" authorityYear="1891" box="[816,1384,1105,1126]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="rufa" variety="rufotruncicola">
<emphasis box="[816,969,1105,1126]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="152">Formica rufa</emphasis>
var.
<emphasis box="[1027,1192,1105,1126]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="152">rufotruncicola</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="WASMANN" box="[1200,1384,1105,1126]" firstAuthor="WASMANN" journalOrPublisher="Tijdschrift voor Entomologie" pageId="19" pageNumber="152" pagination="39 - 64" part="34" refId="ref47576" refString="WASMANN, E. 1891 a: Verzeichnis der Ameisen und Ameisengaste von Hollandisch Limburg. - Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 34: 39 - 64." title="Verzeichnis der Ameisen und Ameisengaste von Hollandisch Limburg" type="journal article" year="1891">WASMANN, 1891</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
[description of
<typeStatus box="[947,1007,1137,1158]" pageId="19" pageNumber="152">types</typeStatus>
by
<bibRefCitation author="BETREM" box="[1044,1212,1136,1159]" firstAuthor="BETREM" journalOrPublisher="Entomologische Berichten" pageId="19" pageNumber="152" pagination="130 - 134" part="20" refId="ref44876" refString="BETREM, J. G. 1960: Formica truncorum F. niet inheems. - Entomologische Berichten 20: 130 - 134." title="Formica truncorum F. niet inheems" type="journal article" year="1960">BETREM (1960)</bibRefCitation>
]
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="19" pageNumber="152" type="discussion">
<paragraph blockId="19.[816,1438,176,2023]" pageId="19" pageNumber="152">
This taxon was described from Panheel near Roermond /
<collectingCountry box="[832,966,1201,1223]" name="Netherlands" pageId="19" pageNumber="152">Netherlands</collectingCountry>
on the basis of workers collected from a nest in
<date box="[846,968,1233,1255]" pageId="19" pageNumber="152" value="1889-04">April 1889</date>
.
<bibRefCitation author="WASMANN" box="[979,1183,1233,1255]" firstAuthor="WASMANN" journalOrPublisher="Tijdschrift voor Entomologie" pageId="19" pageNumber="152" pagination="39 - 64" part="34" refId="ref47576" refString="WASMANN, E. 1891 a: Verzeichnis der Ameisen und Ameisengaste von Hollandisch Limburg. - Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 34: 39 - 64." title="Verzeichnis der Ameisen und Ameisengaste von Hollandisch Limburg" type="journal article" year="1891" yearSuffix="a">WASMANN (1891a)</bibRefCitation>
gave no description of structural characters. However, as
<bibRefCitation author="WASMANN" bookContentInfo="278 pp." box="[1197,1400,1265,1287]" firstAuthor="WASMANN" journalOrPublisher="MUnster" pageId="19" pageNumber="152" refId="ref47602" refString="WASMANN, E. 1891 b: Die zusammengesetzten Nester und gemischten Kolonien der Ameisen. - Aschendorff, MUnster, 278 pp." title="Die zusammengesetzten Nester und gemischten Kolonien der Ameisen. - Aschendorff" type="book" year="1891" yearSuffix="b">WASMANN (1891b)</bibRefCitation>
reported on the mixed colouration of the worker population of exactly this nest,
<treatmentCitation box="[1036,1411,1329,1350]" pageId="19" pageNumber="152">
<taxonomicName authority="WASMANN, 1891" authorityName="WASMANN" authorityYear="1891" box="[1036,1411,1329,1350]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufotruncicola">
<emphasis box="[1036,1225,1329,1350]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="152">F. rufotruncicola</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="WASMANN" box="[1232,1411,1329,1350]" firstAuthor="WASMANN" journalOrPublisher="Tijdschrift voor Entomologie" pageId="19" pageNumber="152" pagination="39 - 64" part="34" refId="ref47576" refString="WASMANN, E. 1891 a: Verzeichnis der Ameisen und Ameisengaste von Hollandisch Limburg. - Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 34: 39 - 64." title="Verzeichnis der Ameisen und Ameisengaste von Hollandisch Limburg" type="journal article" year="1891">WASMANN, 1891</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
is no nomen nudum. The data reported by
<bibRefCitation author="BETREM" box="[1241,1406,1361,1383]" firstAuthor="BETREM" journalOrPublisher="Entomologische Berichten" pageId="19" pageNumber="152" pagination="130 - 134" part="20" refId="ref44876" refString="BETREM, J. G. 1960: Formica truncorum F. niet inheems. - Entomologische Berichten 20: 130 - 134." title="Formica truncorum F. niet inheems" type="journal article" year="1960">BETREM (1960)</bibRefCitation>
on seven investigated
<typeStatus box="[1015,1100,1393,1414]" pageId="19" pageNumber="152">syntype</typeStatus>
workers from NHM Maastricht indicate that it is a red colour variant of
<taxonomicName authorityName="LINNAEUS" authorityYear="1761" box="[1254,1327,1425,1446]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufa">
<emphasis box="[1254,1327,1425,1446]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="152">F. rufa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

118
data/F5/2B/87/F52B87F65E256152FC9FDFEEFA111E18.xml Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5587859" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b9f36fb1-1c9d-4af8-96ca-d57973b94862" ID-GBIF-Taxon="192710746" ID-ISSN="1997-3500" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5587859" approvalRequired="1" checkinTime="1619623649741" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Seifert, Bernhard" docDate="2021" docId="F52B87F65E256152FC9FDFEEFA111E18" docLanguage="en" docName="myrmecNews.31_133-179_printable.pdf" docOrigin="Myrmecological News 31" docSource="http://zoobank.org/0e55c0d7-531a-48d7-a078-148b96bd461d" docTitle="Formica obscurata SANTSCHI 1925" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="152" masterDocId="0912FF8E5E366141FFC9DA41FF91193E" masterDocTitle="A taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic members of the Formica rufa group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) - the famous mound-building red wood ants" masterLastPageNumber="179" masterPageNumber="133" pageId="19" pageNumber="152" updateTime="1643400318318" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>A taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic members of the Formica rufa group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) - the famous mound-building red wood ants</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Seifert, Bernhard</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Myrmecological News</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2021-04-28</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>31</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>133</mods:start>
<mods:end>179</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://zoobank.org/0e55c0d7-531a-48d7-a078-148b96bd461d</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.25849/myrmecol.news_031:133</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">b9f36fb1-1c9d-4af8-96ca-d57973b94862</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1997-3500</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">5582216</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">0E55C0D7-531A-48D7-A078-148B96BD461D</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5587859" ID-GBIF-Taxon="192710746" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5587859" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F52B87F65E256152FC9FDFEEFA111E18" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F52B87F65E256152FC9FDFEEFA111E18" lastPageNumber="152" pageId="19" pageNumber="152">
<subSubSection box="[854,1307,1455,1478]" pageId="19" pageNumber="152" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="19.[816,1438,176,2023]" box="[854,1307,1455,1478]" pageId="19" pageNumber="152">
<treatmentCitation box="[854,1307,1455,1478]" pageId="19" pageNumber="152">
<taxonomicName authority="SANTSCHI, 1925" authorityName="SANTSCHI" authorityYear="1925" box="[854,1307,1455,1478]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscurata">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[854,1307,1455,1478]" pageId="19" pageNumber="152">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[854,1102,1455,1478]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="152">Formica obscurata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation box="[1108,1307,1456,1478]" pageId="19" pageNumber="152">SANTSCHI, 1925</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="19" pageNumber="152" type="reference_group">
<paragraph blockId="19.[816,1438,176,2023]" pageId="19" pageNumber="152">
<treatmentCitation box="[816,1331,1488,1510]" pageId="19" pageNumber="152">
<taxonomicName authority="SANTSCHI, 1925" authorityName="SANTSCHI" authorityYear="1925" box="[816,1331,1488,1510]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="rufa" variety="obscurata">
<emphasis box="[816,970,1489,1510]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="152">Formica rufa</emphasis>
var.
<emphasis box="[1028,1142,1489,1510]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="152">obscurata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation box="[1151,1331,1488,1510]" pageId="19" pageNumber="152">SANTSCHI, 1925</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
[
<typeStatus box="[1345,1397,1489,1510]" pageId="19" pageNumber="152">type</typeStatus>
investigation]
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="19" pageNumber="152" type="discussion">
<paragraph blockId="19.[816,1438,176,2023]" pageId="19" pageNumber="152">
This taxon was described from
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3459464302" collectionCode="NHM" collectorName="G. d. Kerville" country="France" elevation="19" latitude="49.09" location="Vernon" longLatPrecision="663" longitude="1.49" pageId="19" pageNumber="152" specimenCode="CASENT 0912252" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Vernon">
<collectingRegion box="[1167,1243,1553,1574]" pageId="19" pageNumber="152">Vernon</collectingRegion>
/
<collectingCountry box="[1259,1332,1553,1574]" name="France" pageId="19" pageNumber="152">France</collectingCountry>
(
<geoCoordinate box="[1342,1433,1553,1574]" degrees="49.09" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="19" pageNumber="152" precision="555" value="49.09">49.09°N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate box="[816,899,1585,1606]" degrees="1.49" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="19" pageNumber="152" precision="555" value="1.49">1.49° E</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity box="[911,961,1585,1606]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="19" pageNumber="152" unit="m" value="19.0">
<elevation box="[911,961,1585,1606]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="19" pageNumber="152" unit="m" value="19.0">19 m</elevation>
</quantity>
). Investigated were
<specimenCount box="[1185,1226,1585,1606]" pageId="19" pageNumber="152">two</specimenCount>
type workers from
<collectionCode box="[816,879,1617,1638]" pageId="19" pageNumber="152">NHM</collectionCode>
Basel labelled “type”, “
<taxonomicName authority="Sant" authorityName="LINNAEUS" authorityYear="1761" box="[1148,1436,1617,1639]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufa" variety="obscura">F. rufa L. v. obscura Sant</taxonomicName>
type SANTSCHI det. 1925”, “France Vernon (Eure)
<collectorName pageId="19" pageNumber="152">G. d. Kerville</collectorName>
”; the specimen with CW = 1768 μm is addition- ally labelled with “ANTWEB
<specimenCode box="[1144,1349,1712,1734]" pageId="19" pageNumber="152">CASENT 0912252</specimenCode>
”
</materialsCitation>
. If run as wild-card in an LDA, the
<typeStatus box="[1121,1170,1745,1766]" pageId="19" pageNumber="152">type</typeStatus>
sample is allocated with p = 0.8677 to
<taxonomicName authorityName="LINNAEUS" authorityYear="1761" box="[971,1120,1777,1798]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufa">
<emphasis box="[971,1120,1777,1798]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="152">Formica rufa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, with p = 0.1321 to
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polyctena">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="152">Formica polyctena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
×
<taxonomicName authorityName="LINNAEUS" authorityYear="1761" box="[953,1001,1809,1830]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufa">
<emphasis box="[953,1001,1809,1830]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="152">rufa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and with p = 0.0001 to
<taxonomicName box="[1267,1402,1809,1830]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polyctena">
<emphasis box="[1267,1402,1809,1830]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="152">F. polyctena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

189
data/F5/2B/87/F52B87F65E256152FF5EDB7FFC4E1859.xml Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,189 @@
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5587859" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b9f36fb1-1c9d-4af8-96ca-d57973b94862" ID-GBIF-Taxon="192710745" ID-ISSN="1997-3500" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5587859" approvalRequired="1" checkinTime="1619623649741" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Seifert, Bernhard" docDate="2021" docId="F52B87F65E256152FF5EDB7FFC4E1859" docLanguage="en" docName="myrmecNews.31_133-179_printable.pdf" docOrigin="Myrmecological News 31" docSource="http://zoobank.org/0e55c0d7-531a-48d7-a078-148b96bd461d" docTitle="Formica rufa LINNAEUS 1761" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="152" masterDocId="0912FF8E5E366141FFC9DA41FF91193E" masterDocTitle="A taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic members of the Formica rufa group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) - the famous mound-building red wood ants" masterLastPageNumber="179" masterPageNumber="133" pageId="19" pageNumber="152" updateTime="1643400318318" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>A taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic members of the Formica rufa group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) - the famous mound-building red wood ants</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Seifert, Bernhard</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Myrmecological News</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2021-04-28</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>31</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>133</mods:start>
<mods:end>179</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://zoobank.org/0e55c0d7-531a-48d7-a078-148b96bd461d</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.25849/myrmecol.news_031:133</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">b9f36fb1-1c9d-4af8-96ca-d57973b94862</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1997-3500</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">5582216</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">0E55C0D7-531A-48D7-A078-148B96BD461D</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5587859" ID-GBIF-Taxon="192710745" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5587859" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F52B87F65E256152FF5EDB7FFC4E1859" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F52B87F65E256152FF5EDB7FFC4E1859" lastPageNumber="152" pageId="19" pageNumber="152">
<subSubSection box="[151,596,318,346]" pageId="19" pageNumber="152" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="19.[151,596,318,346]" box="[151,596,318,346]" pageId="19" pageNumber="152">
<heading bold="true" box="[151,596,318,346]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="19" pageNumber="152" reason="0">
<taxonomicName authority="LINNAEUS, 1761" authorityName="LINNAEUS" authorityYear="1761" box="[151,596,318,346]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufa">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,596,318,346]" pageId="19" pageNumber="152">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,355,318,346]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="152">Formica rufa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="LINNAEUS" bookContentInfo="578 pp." box="[363,596,319,346]" firstAuthor="LINNAEUS" journalOrPublisher="L. Salvii, Stockholmiae" pageId="19" pageNumber="152" refId="ref46105" refString="LINNAEUS, C. 1761: Fauna suecica sistens animalia Sueciae regni: Mammalia, Aves, Amphibia, Pisces, Insecta, Vermes. Editio altera, auctior. - L. Salvii, Stockholmiae [= Stockholm], 48 + 578 pp." title="Fauna suecica sistens animalia Sueciae regni: Mammalia, Aves, Amphibia, Pisces, Insecta, Vermes. Editio altera, auctior" type="book" year="1761">LINNAEUS, 1761</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="19" pageNumber="152" type="reference_group">
<paragraph blockId="19.[151,772,369,2023]" box="[151,477,369,391]" pageId="19" pageNumber="152">
<treatmentCitation box="[151,477,369,391]" pageId="19" pageNumber="152">
<taxonomicName authority="LINNAEUS, 1761" authorityName="LINNAEUS" authorityYear="1761" box="[151,477,369,391]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufa">
<emphasis box="[151,299,369,390]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="152">Formica rufa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="LINNAEUS" bookContentInfo="578 pp." box="[304,477,369,391]" firstAuthor="LINNAEUS" journalOrPublisher="L. Salvii, Stockholmiae" pageId="19" pageNumber="152" refId="ref46105" refString="LINNAEUS, C. 1761: Fauna suecica sistens animalia Sueciae regni: Mammalia, Aves, Amphibia, Pisces, Insecta, Vermes. Editio altera, auctior. - L. Salvii, Stockholmiae [= Stockholm], 48 + 578 pp." title="Fauna suecica sistens animalia Sueciae regni: Mammalia, Aves, Amphibia, Pisces, Insecta, Vermes. Editio altera, auctior" type="book" year="1761">LINNAEUS, 1761</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="19.[151,772,369,2023]" pageId="19" pageNumber="152">
[original description;
<treatmentCitation pageId="19" pageNumber="152">
<bibRefCitation author="YARROW, I. H. H." journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature" pageId="19" pageNumber="152" pagination="313 - 318" part="9" refId="ref47697" refString="YARROW, I. H. H. 1954: Application for re-examination and re-phrasing of the decision taken by the International Commission regarding the name of the type species of Formica LINNAEUS, 1758. - Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 9: 313 - 318." title="Application for re-examination and re-phrasing of the decision taken by the International Commission regarding the name of the type species of Formica LINNAEUS" type="journal article" year="1954">YARROW (1954</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="YARROW, I. H. H." box="[280,336,401,423]" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Society for British Entomology" pageId="19" pageNumber="152" pagination="1 - 48" part="12" refId="ref47744" refString="YARROW, I. H. H. 1955: The British ants allied to Formica rufa L. - Transactions of the Society for British Entomology 12: 1 - 48." title="The British ants allied to Formica rufa L" type="journal article" year="1955">1955</bibRefCitation>
)
</treatmentCitation>
, photo of
<typeStatus box="[449,498,401,422]" pageId="19" pageNumber="152">type</typeStatus>
specimen]
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="19" pageNumber="152" type="discussion">
<paragraph blockId="19.[151,772,369,2023]" lastBlockId="19.[816,1438,176,2023]" pageId="19" pageNumber="152">
Each of the two first descriptions of this ant(
<bibRefCitation author="LINNAEUS" bookContentInfo="824 pp." firstAuthor="LINNAEUS" journalOrPublisher="Holmiae" pageId="19" pageNumber="152" refId="ref46052" refString="LINNAEUS, C. 1758: Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. - L. Salvii, Holmiae [= Stockholm], 824 pp." title="Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. - L. Salvii" type="book" year="1758">LINNAEUS 1758</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="LINNAEUS" bookContentInfo="578 pp." box="[223,276,465,487]" firstAuthor="LINNAEUS" journalOrPublisher="L. Salvii, Stockholmiae" pageId="19" pageNumber="152" refId="ref46105" refString="LINNAEUS, C. 1761: Fauna suecica sistens animalia Sueciae regni: Mammalia, Aves, Amphibia, Pisces, Insecta, Vermes. Editio altera, auctior. - L. Salvii, Stockholmiae [= Stockholm], 48 + 578 pp." title="Fauna suecica sistens animalia Sueciae regni: Mammalia, Aves, Amphibia, Pisces, Insecta, Vermes. Editio altera, auctior" type="book" year="1761">1761</bibRefCitation>
) are contradictory within themselves. The morphological description of the worker states in 1758: “Thorace compresso toto ferrugineo, capite abdominique nigris.” In 1761, the same statements are repeated and a supplementation is added: “Corpus fuscum. Thorax ferrugineus, compressus, squama intergerina ferruginea, acuminata.” This agrees with the condition in
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Camponotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="herculeanus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="152">Camponotus herculeanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or
<emphasis box="[317,582,689,710]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="152">
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="SEIFERT" baseAuthorityYear="2019" box="[317,579,689,710]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Camponotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ligniperda">Camponotus ligniperda</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
which both occur in
<collectingCountry box="[178,266,721,743]" name="Sweden" pageId="19" pageNumber="152">Sweden</collectingCountry>
. In contradiction to the morphological description, LINNAEUS stated “habitat in Europae acervis-acerosis sylvaticis” (
<bibRefCitation author="LINNAEUS" bookContentInfo="824 pp." box="[270,438,785,807]" firstAuthor="LINNAEUS" journalOrPublisher="Holmiae" pageId="19" pageNumber="152" refId="ref46052" refString="LINNAEUS, C. 1758: Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. - L. Salvii, Holmiae [= Stockholm], 824 pp." title="Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. - L. Salvii" type="book" year="1758">LINNAEUS 1758</bibRefCitation>
) and “Piss Myror. SueciStackMyra...Habitat ubique in sylvis, acervos e foliolis acerosis exstruens.” (
<bibRefCitation author="LINNAEUS" bookContentInfo="578 pp." box="[283,454,849,871]" firstAuthor="LINNAEUS" journalOrPublisher="L. Salvii, Stockholmiae" pageId="19" pageNumber="152" refId="ref46105" refString="LINNAEUS, C. 1761: Fauna suecica sistens animalia Sueciae regni: Mammalia, Aves, Amphibia, Pisces, Insecta, Vermes. Editio altera, auctior. - L. Salvii, Stockholmiae [= Stockholm], 48 + 578 pp." title="Fauna suecica sistens animalia Sueciae regni: Mammalia, Aves, Amphibia, Pisces, Insecta, Vermes. Editio altera, auctior" type="book" year="1761">LINNAEUS 1761</bibRefCitation>
). It is obvious from these data that Linnaeus in both publications more likely intended to give the name
<taxonomicName authorityName="LINNAEUS" authorityYear="1761" box="[332,405,913,934]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufa">
<emphasis box="[332,405,913,934]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="152">F.rufa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to those most abundant (“Habitat ubique in sylvis”), needle-thatch building (“Stack-Myra... acervos e foliolis acerosis exstruens.”) and acid squirting (“Piss Myror”) woodland ants. The description of the gyne presented in 1761 reads as follows: “Corpus nigricans. Caput subtus ferrugineum. Thorax ferrugineus dorso fusco. Abdomen segmentis quatuor, primo antice ferrugineo.” This description does not tell much but “Caput subtus ferrugineum” speaks against the two Swedish
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Camponotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis box="[632,771,1169,1190]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="152">Camponotus</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
and is in agreement with the situation in ants of the
<taxonomicName authorityName="LINNAEUS" authorityYear="1761" box="[151,224,1233,1254]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufa">
<emphasis box="[151,224,1233,1254]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="152">F. rufa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group. According to
<bibRefCitation author="YARROW" box="[449,620,1233,1255]" firstAuthor="YARROW" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature" pageId="19" pageNumber="152" pagination="313 - 318" part="9" refId="ref47697" refString="YARROW, I. H. H. 1954: Application for re-examination and re-phrasing of the decision taken by the International Commission regarding the name of the type species of Formica LINNAEUS, 1758. - Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 9: 313 - 318." title="Application for re-examination and re-phrasing of the decision taken by the International Commission regarding the name of the type species of Formica LINNAEUS" type="journal article" year="1954">YARROW (1954)</bibRefCitation>
,
<taxonomicName authorityName="LINNAEUS" authorityYear="1761" box="[628,702,1233,1254]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufa">
<emphasis box="[628,702,1233,1254]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="152">F. rufa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group specimens were represented in the collection of the Linnaean Society London by a single worker bearing the label “rufa ex descr.”, two unlabelled winged females, and three unlabelled males.
<bibRefCitation author="YARROW" box="[355,526,1360,1382]" firstAuthor="YARROW" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature" pageId="19" pageNumber="152" pagination="313 - 318" part="9" refId="ref47697" refString="YARROW, I. H. H. 1954: Application for re-examination and re-phrasing of the decision taken by the International Commission regarding the name of the type species of Formica LINNAEUS, 1758. - Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 9: 313 - 318." title="Application for re-examination and re-phrasing of the decision taken by the International Commission regarding the name of the type species of Formica LINNAEUS" type="journal article" year="1954">YARROW (1954)</bibRefCitation>
published a
<typeStatus box="[670,771,1361,1383]" pageId="19" pageNumber="152">lectotype</typeStatus>
fixation in the better preserved of the two winged
<taxonomicName authorityName="LINNAEUS" authorityYear="1761" box="[697,771,1393,1414]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufa">
<emphasis box="[697,771,1393,1414]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="152">F. rufa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group gynes but he made no statements on its characters. The reasons why he did not fix a
<typeStatus box="[489,589,1457,1479]" pageId="19" pageNumber="152">lectotype</typeStatus>
in the only specimen labelled “rufa ex descr.” were not explained. I could not investigate the
<typeStatus box="[305,405,1521,1543]" pageId="19" pageNumber="152">lectotype</typeStatus>
.As
<bibRefCitation author="YARROW" box="[443,604,1521,1543]" firstAuthor="YARROW" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Society for British Entomology" pageId="19" pageNumber="152" pagination="1 - 48" part="12" refId="ref47744" refString="YARROW, I. H. H. 1955: The British ants allied to Formica rufa L. - Transactions of the Society for British Entomology 12: 1 - 48." title="The British ants allied to Formica rufa L" type="journal article" year="1955">YARROW (1955)</bibRefCitation>
showed a rather good knowledge on the separation of the gynes of
<taxonomicName authorityName="LINNAEUS" authorityYear="1761" box="[691,764,1553,1574]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufa">
<emphasis box="[691,764,1553,1574]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="152">F. rufa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authorityName="YARROW" authorityYear="1955" box="[151,374,1585,1606]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aquilonia">
<emphasis box="[151,374,1585,1606]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="152">Formica aquilonia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis box="[391,608,1585,1606]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="152">
<taxonomicName authorityName="ZETTERSTEDT" authorityYear="1838" box="[391,603,1585,1606]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lugubris">Formica lugubris</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
and
<taxonomicName authorityName="RETZIUS" authorityYear="1783" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pratensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="152">Formica pratensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, it appears most probable that he had a specimen at hand which indeed belonged to
<taxonomicName authorityName="LINNAEUS" authorityYear="1761" box="[512,585,1649,1670]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufa">
<emphasis box="[512,585,1649,1670]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="152">F. rufa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as it is characterized here. Yet, as
<bibRefCitation author="YARROW" box="[340,509,1681,1703]" firstAuthor="YARROW" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Society for British Entomology" pageId="19" pageNumber="152" pagination="1 - 48" part="12" refId="ref47744" refString="YARROW, I. H. H. 1955: The British ants allied to Formica rufa L. - Transactions of the Society for British Entomology 12: 1 - 48." title="The British ants allied to Formica rufa L" type="journal article" year="1955">YARROW (1955)</bibRefCitation>
did not separate
<taxonomicName authorityName="LINNAEUS" authorityYear="1761" box="[697,771,1681,1702]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufa">
<emphasis box="[697,771,1681,1702]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="152">F. rufa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName box="[196,398,1713,1734]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polyctena">
<emphasis box="[196,398,1713,1734]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="152">Formica polyctena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, I inspected the picture of the
<typeStatus pageId="19" pageNumber="152">lectotype</typeStatus>
(specimen number 2870) presented on the homepage of the Linnaean Society (http://linnean-online.org/16186/; retrieved on
<date box="[292,473,1809,1831]" pageId="19" pageNumber="152" value="2020-10-31">31 October 2020</date>
). It shows a brilliantly shiny first gaster tergite, a shiny scutellum, and a massive, thickset body. This overall impression corresponds to the gyne morph of monogynous
<taxonomicName authorityName="LINNAEUS" authorityYear="1761" box="[415,493,1905,1926]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufa">
<emphasis box="[415,493,1905,1926]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="152">F. rufa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and likely precludes the specimen representing
<taxonomicName box="[403,535,1937,1958]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polyctena">
<emphasis box="[403,535,1937,1958]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="152">F. polyctena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. In order to unambiguously dissolve the confusion with Linnaeus’ descriptions,
<bibRefCitation author="YARROW" box="[151,319,2001,2023]" firstAuthor="YARROW" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature" pageId="19" pageNumber="152" pagination="313 - 318" part="9" refId="ref47697" refString="YARROW, I. H. H. 1954: Application for re-examination and re-phrasing of the decision taken by the International Commission regarding the name of the type species of Formica LINNAEUS, 1758. - Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 9: 313 - 318." title="Application for re-examination and re-phrasing of the decision taken by the International Commission regarding the name of the type species of Formica LINNAEUS" type="journal article" year="1954">YARROW (1954)</bibRefCitation>
argued that “The Commission should use their plenary power to place
<taxonomicName authorityName="LINNAEUS" authorityYear="1761" box="[1127,1201,177,198]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufa">
<emphasis box="[1127,1201,177,198]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="152">F. rufa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L., 1758 on the list of permanently rejected names and to place instead
<taxonomicName authorityName="LINNAEUS" authorityYear="1761" box="[1362,1436,209,230]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufa">
<emphasis box="[1362,1436,209,230]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="152">F. rufa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L., 1761 on the Official List of Specific Names in Zoology”. This proposal was accepted by the International Commission of Zoological Nomenclature in an opinion published
<date box="[816,987,337,359]" pageId="19" pageNumber="152" value="1956-10-02">2 October 1956</date>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

507
data/F5/2B/87/F52B87F65E256157FC9FDD6EFF751B59.xml Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,507 @@
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5587859" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b9f36fb1-1c9d-4af8-96ca-d57973b94862" ID-GBIF-Taxon="192710744" ID-ISSN="1997-3500" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5587859" approvalRequired="1" checkinTime="1619623649741" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Seifert, Bernhard" docDate="2021" docId="F52B87F65E256157FC9FDD6EFF751B59" docLanguage="en" docName="myrmecNews.31_133-179_printable.pdf" docOrigin="Myrmecological News 31" docSource="http://zoobank.org/0e55c0d7-531a-48d7-a078-148b96bd461d" docTitle="Formica rufa subsp. emeryi STITZ 1939" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="155" masterDocId="0912FF8E5E366141FFC9DA41FF91193E" masterDocTitle="A taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic members of the Formica rufa group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) - the famous mound-building red wood ants" masterLastPageNumber="179" masterPageNumber="133" pageId="19" pageNumber="152" updateTime="1643400318318" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>A taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic members of the Formica rufa group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) - the famous mound-building red wood ants</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Seifert, Bernhard</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Myrmecological News</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2021-04-28</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>31</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>133</mods:start>
<mods:end>179</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://zoobank.org/0e55c0d7-531a-48d7-a078-148b96bd461d</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.25849/myrmecol.news_031:133</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">b9f36fb1-1c9d-4af8-96ca-d57973b94862</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1997-3500</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">5582216</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">0E55C0D7-531A-48D7-A078-148B96BD461D</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5587859" ID-GBIF-Taxon="192710744" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5587859" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F52B87F65E256157FC9FDD6EFF751B59" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F52B87F65E256157FC9FDD6EFF751B59" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="155" pageId="19" pageNumber="152">
<subSubSection box="[854,1278,1839,1862]" pageId="19" pageNumber="152" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="19.[816,1438,176,2023]" box="[854,1278,1839,1862]" pageId="19" pageNumber="152">
<treatmentCitation box="[854,1278,1839,1862]" pageId="19" pageNumber="152">
<taxonomicName authority="STITZ, 1939" authorityName="STITZ" authorityYear="1939" box="[854,1278,1839,1862]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="rufa" subSpecies="emeryi">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[854,1278,1839,1862]" pageId="19" pageNumber="152">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[854,1126,1839,1862]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="152">Formica rufa emeryi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation box="[1132,1278,1840,1862]" pageId="19" pageNumber="152">STITZ, 1939</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="153" pageId="19" pageNumber="152" type="reference_group">
<paragraph blockId="19.[816,1438,176,2023]" pageId="19" pageNumber="152">
<taxonomicName authorityName="LINNAEUS" authorityYear="1761" box="[816,1241,1873,1895]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufa">
<emphasis box="[816,970,1873,1894]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="152">Formica rufa</emphasis>
ab.
<emphasis box="[1020,1101,1873,1894]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="152">emeryi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation box="[1109,1241,1873,1894]" pageId="19" pageNumber="152">
<collectionCode box="[1109,1171,1873,1894]" pageId="19" pageNumber="152">STITZ</collectionCode>
, 1939
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
[description and zoogeography]
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="19.[816,1438,176,2023]" lastBlockId="20.[151,772,177,2023]" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="153" pageId="19" pageNumber="152">
<collectionCode box="[854,916,1937,1958]" pageId="19" pageNumber="152">STITZ</collectionCode>
(1939) made the first available use of
<taxonomicName authority="subsp. rufa" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="rufa" subSpecies="rufa">
<emphasis box="[1358,1436,1937,1958]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="152">F. rufa</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis box="[895,944,1969,1990]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="152">rufa</emphasis>
ab.
<emphasis box="[994,1074,1969,1990]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="152">emeryi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation box="[1082,1253,1969,1991]" pageId="19" pageNumber="152">KRAUSSE, 1926</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. This taxon was described from near Eberswalde /
<collectingCountry box="[1187,1289,2001,2022]" name="Germany" pageId="19" pageNumber="152">Germany</collectingCountry>
as specimens found within the nests of
<taxonomicName authorityName="LINNAEUS" authorityYear="1761" box="[425,498,177,198]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufa">
<emphasis box="[425,498,177,198]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="153">F.rufa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
showing a colouration as in
<taxonomicName authorityName="RETZIUS" authorityYear="1783" box="[180,384,209,230]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pratensis">
<emphasis box="[180,384,209,230]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="153">Formica pratensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but with missing setae on eyes and hind tibia. Considering the species spectrum occurring in the vicinity of Eberswalde, these statements make a synonymy with
<taxonomicName authorityName="LINNAEUS" authorityYear="1761" box="[325,399,305,326]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufa">
<emphasis box="[325,399,305,326]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="153">F. rufa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
most likely.
<typeStatus box="[535,599,305,326]" pageId="20" pageNumber="153">Types</typeStatus>
are unknown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="20" pageNumber="153" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph blockId="20.[151,772,177,2023]" pageId="20" pageNumber="153">
All material examined. Numeric phenotypical data were recorded in 61 nest samples with
<specimenCount box="[636,771,369,391]" pageId="20" pageNumber="153" type="worker">331 workers</specimenCount>
and 29 gynes; for details, see SI1, SI2, and SI3. The total number of mounted samples stored in SMN Görlitz and investigated either subjectively or by partial or complete numeric recording of the phenotypical characters used here was 103. These included
<specimenCount box="[482,617,528,551]" pageId="20" pageNumber="153" type="worker">547 workers</specimenCount>
and 98 gynes and originated from
<collectingCountry box="[369,449,561,583]" name="Austria" pageId="20" pageNumber="153">Austria</collectingCountry>
(two samples),
<collectingCountry box="[611,701,561,583]" name="Belgium" pageId="20" pageNumber="153">Belgium</collectingCountry>
(four),
<collectingCountry box="[151,245,593,615]" name="Bulgaria" pageId="20" pageNumber="153">Bulgaria</collectingCountry>
(six),
<collectingCountry box="[311,392,593,615]" name="Croatia" pageId="20" pageNumber="153">Croatia</collectingCountry>
(two),
<collectingCountry box="[467,553,593,615]" name="Finland" pageId="20" pageNumber="153">Finland</collectingCountry>
(five),
<collectingCountry box="[626,702,593,614]" name="France" pageId="20" pageNumber="153">France</collectingCountry>
(two),
<collectingCountry box="[151,253,625,646]" name="Germany" pageId="20" pageNumber="153">Germany</collectingCountry>
(61),
<collectingCountry box="[317,393,625,646]" name="Greece" pageId="20" pageNumber="153">Greece</collectingCountry>
(three),
<collectingCountry box="[489,539,625,647]" name="Italy" pageId="20" pageNumber="153">Italy</collectingCountry>
(one),
<collectingCountry box="[617,703,625,646]" name="Norway" pageId="20" pageNumber="153">Norway</collectingCountry>
(one),
<collectingCountry box="[151,229,657,679]" name="Poland" pageId="20" pageNumber="153">Poland</collectingCountry>
(one),
<collectingCountry box="[308,383,657,679]" name="Russia" pageId="20" pageNumber="153">Russia</collectingCountry>
(one),
<collectingCountry box="[462,557,657,679]" name="Slovenia" pageId="20" pageNumber="153">Slovenia</collectingCountry>
(one),
<collectingCountry box="[636,700,657,679]" name="Spain" pageId="20" pageNumber="153">Spain</collectingCountry>
(five),
<collectingCountry box="[151,234,688,710]" name="Sweden" pageId="20" pageNumber="153">Sweden</collectingCountry>
(four), and
<collectingCountry box="[354,482,688,710]" name="Switzerland" pageId="20" pageNumber="153">Switzerland</collectingCountry>
(four). Character recording in ethanol-stored material according to the former investigation protocol of
<bibRefCitation author="SEIFERT" box="[348,510,753,775]" firstAuthor="SEIFERT" journalOrPublisher="Abhandlungen und Berichte des Naturkundemuseums Gorlitz" pageId="20" pageNumber="153" pagination="1 - 27" part="65" refId="ref46529" refString="SEIFERT, B. 1991: The phenotypes of the Formica rufa complex in East Germany. - Abhandlungen und Berichte des Naturkundemuseums Gorlitz 65: 1 - 27." title="The phenotypes of the Formica rufa complex in East Germany" type="journal article" year="1991">SEIFERT (1991)</bibRefCitation>
had been done until the year
<quantity box="[207,291,785,807]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.06222" pageId="20" pageNumber="153" unit="in" value="1993.0">1993 in</quantity>
further 196 nest samples with about 1600 workers, largely from
<collectingCountry box="[390,492,817,838]" name="Germany" pageId="20" pageNumber="153">Germany</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry box="[546,623,817,839]" name="Russia" pageId="20" pageNumber="153">Russia</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="20" pageNumber="153" type="distribution">
<paragraph blockId="20.[151,772,177,2023]" pageId="20" pageNumber="153">
Geographic range. From
<collectingCountry box="[544,610,849,871]" name="Georgia" pageId="20" pageNumber="153">Iberia</collectingCountry>
east to Baikal region; probably a little more widely distributed than
<taxonomicName box="[151,354,913,934]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polyctena">
<emphasis box="[151,354,913,934]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="153">Formica polyctena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
due to the larger potency for long-range single-queen flight dispersal and socially parasitic colony foundation (
<bibRefCitation author="SEIFERT" box="[282,427,977,998]" firstAuthor="SEIFERT" journalOrPublisher="Abhandlungen und Berichte des Naturkundemuseums Gorlitz" pageId="20" pageNumber="153" pagination="1 - 27" part="65" refId="ref46529" refString="SEIFERT, B. 1991: The phenotypes of the Formica rufa complex in East Germany. - Abhandlungen und Berichte des Naturkundemuseums Gorlitz 65: 1 - 27." title="The phenotypes of the Formica rufa complex in East Germany" type="journal article" year="1991">SEIFERT 1991</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="SEIFERT" bookContentInfo="408 pp." box="[435,491,977,999]" firstAuthor="SEIFERT" journalOrPublisher="Lutra Verlags- und Vertriebsgesellschaft, Tauer" pageId="20" pageNumber="153" refId="ref46930" refString="SEIFERT, B. 2018: The ants of Central and North Europe. - Lutra Verlags- und Vertriebsgesellschaft, Tauer, 408 pp." title="The ants of Central and North Europe" type="book" year="2018">2018</bibRefCitation>
). In Europe between
<geoCoordinate degrees="40.5" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="20" pageNumber="153" precision="5555" value="40.5">40.5° N</geoCoordinate>
(
<collectingCountry box="[186,253,1009,1031]" name="Spain" pageId="20" pageNumber="153">Spain</collectingCountry>
),
<geoCoordinate box="[274,361,1008,1030]" degrees="63.5" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="20" pageNumber="153" precision="5555" value="63.5">63.5° N</geoCoordinate>
(
<collectingCountry box="[377,467,1009,1031]" name="Sweden" pageId="20" pageNumber="153">Sweden</collectingCountry>
), and
<geoCoordinate box="[537,625,1009,1031]" degrees="64.8" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="20" pageNumber="153" precision="5555" value="64.8">64.8° N</geoCoordinate>
(
<collectingCountry box="[641,734,1009,1031]" name="Finland" pageId="20" pageNumber="153">Finland</collectingCountry>
). A morphologically aberrant population exists in
<collectingCountry box="[651,771,1041,1063]" name="Turkey" pageId="20" pageNumber="153">Asia Minor</collectingCountry>
and Caucasus (here rare). The altitudinal distribution in European mountains is not well known. According to credible reports, it ascends in the Southern Alps (
<geoCoordinate box="[699,764,1136,1158]" degrees="46" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="20" pageNumber="153" precision="55555" value="46.0">46° N</geoCoordinate>
) to
<quantity box="[179,259,1168,1190]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="20" pageNumber="153" unit="m" value="1500.0">1500 m</quantity>
and in
<collectingCountry box="[340,461,1169,1191]" name="Turkey" pageId="20" pageNumber="153">Asia Minor</collectingCountry>
(
<geoCoordinate box="[475,541,1169,1190]" degrees="40" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="20" pageNumber="153" precision="55555" value="40.0">40° N</geoCoordinate>
) to
<quantity box="[581,661,1169,1190]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="20" pageNumber="153" unit="m" value="1900.0">1900 m</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="20" pageNumber="153" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph blockId="20.[151,772,177,2023]" pageId="20" pageNumber="153">
Diagnosis of worker (
<tableCitation box="[512,598,1201,1223]" captionStart="Tab" captionStartId="11.[151,191,177,199]" captionTargetBox="[157,1429,282,1993]" captionTargetId="graphics-49@11.[151,1436,275,2018]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Tab.1: Workers of species and hybrids close to Formica rufa; head size and RAV-corrected data for the assumption of each individual having a head size of 1750 µm; data given as arithmetic mean ± standard deviation (lower extreme, upper extreme) number of individuals." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/29FD66685E3D614AFF5EDAF0FEEE1839" pageId="20" pageNumber="153">Tab. 1</tableCitation>
, key). Large; mean and maximum
<collectionCode box="[394,424,1233,1254]" country="France" name="Musee des Dinosaures d'Esperaza (Aude)" pageId="20" pageNumber="153">CS</collectionCode>
over all social
<typeStatus box="[598,659,1233,1254]" pageId="20" pageNumber="153">types</typeStatus>
1891 and
<quantity box="[151,248,1265,1286]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.274" pageId="20" pageNumber="153" unit="mm" value="2274.0">2274µm</quantity>
: Scape rather long and slender, SL /
<collectionCode box="[634,663,1265,1286]" country="France" name="Musee des Dinosaures d'Esperaza (Aude)" pageId="20" pageNumber="153">CS</collectionCode>
<subScript attach="left" box="[663,701,1274,1288]" fontSize="6" pageId="20" pageNumber="153">1750</subScript>
0.939, SL / Smax 10.10. Setae on eyes short, EyeHL
<subScript attach="left" box="[652,690,1306,1320]" fontSize="6" pageId="20" pageNumber="153">1750</subScript>
<quantity box="[697,764,1297,1318]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="20" pageNumber="153" unit="mm" value="22.0">22µm</quantity>
. Setae on posterior margin of head usually missing and, if present, rather short, nCH
<subScript attach="left" box="[472,510,1370,1384]" fontSize="6" pageId="20" pageNumber="153">1750</subScript>
0.81, OccHL
<subScript attach="left" box="[657,695,1370,1384]" fontSize="6" pageId="20" pageNumber="153">1750</subScript>
<quantity box="[704,771,1361,1382]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="20" pageNumber="153" unit="mm" value="23.0">23 µm</quantity>
(a population in the montane region of Blanský Les, S
<collectingCountry box="[151,250,1425,1447]" name="Czech Republic" pageId="20" pageNumber="153">Bohemia</collectingCountry>
– labelled “
<emphasis box="[388,474,1425,1446]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="153">nespori</emphasis>
” in the collection of SMN Görlitz – has above-average values of nCH and OccHL but does not form a cluster sufficiently separate from
<taxonomicName authorityName="LINNAEUS" authorityYear="1761" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="153">Formica rufa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
when all characters are considered). Gular, pronotal, mesopleural and propodeal setae always present and rather long, nGu
<subScript attach="left" box="[331,369,1594,1608]" fontSize="6" pageId="20" pageNumber="153">1750</subScript>
6.3, GuHL
<subScript attach="left" box="[490,528,1594,1608]" fontSize="6" pageId="20" pageNumber="153">1750</subScript>
<quantity box="[534,617,1585,1606]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.88" pageId="20" pageNumber="153" unit="mm" value="188.0">188 µm</quantity>
, nPn
<subScript attach="left" box="[672,710,1594,1608]" fontSize="6" pageId="20" pageNumber="153">1750</subScript>
20.2, mPnHL
<subScript attach="left" box="[238,276,1626,1640]" fontSize="6" pageId="20" pageNumber="153">1750</subScript>
<quantity box="[284,353,1617,1638]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.1" pageId="20" pageNumber="153" unit="mm" value="81.0">81 µm</quantity>
, nMes
<subScript attach="left" box="[425,463,1626,1640]" fontSize="6" pageId="20" pageNumber="153">1750</subScript>
15.4, nPr
<subScript attach="left" box="[571,609,1626,1640]" fontSize="6" pageId="20" pageNumber="153">1750</subScript>
12.9; setae on metapleuron few or absent and of medium length, nMet
<subScript attach="left" box="[734,771,1658,1672]" fontSize="6" pageId="20" pageNumber="153">1750</subScript>
1.9, MetHL
<subScript attach="left" box="[276,314,1690,1704]" fontSize="6" pageId="20" pageNumber="153">1750</subScript>
<quantity box="[323,406,1681,1702]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.44" pageId="20" pageNumber="153" unit="mm" value="144.0">144 µm</quantity>
. Pigmentation: Head with genae and its ventral surfaces always light reddish, dorsal head caudad from about transverse level of eye centers, the area between frontal carinae and surface along the frontal carina usually blackish brown; mesosoma light reddish, often with a medium-sized dark brown patch on dorsal pronotum. Specimens with nearly all surfaces of head, the mesosoma, and frontal face of first gaster tergite reddish, reminiscent of the condition in
<taxonomicName box="[491,713,1937,1958]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="truncorum">
<emphasis box="[491,713,1937,1958]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="153">Formica truncorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, may occur, most frequently in large workers of the most hairy phenotypes.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="20.[816,1437,177,1223]" pageId="20" pageNumber="153">
Diagnosis of gyne (
<tableCitation box="[1147,1233,177,199]" captionStart="Tab" captionStartId="16.[151,191,177,199]" captionTargetBox="[158,1429,256,2005]" captionTargetId="graphics-28@16.[151,1437,249,2018]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Tab.6: Gynes of species and hybrids with sparse pilosity; data given as arithmetic mean ± standard deviation (lower extreme, upper extreme) number of individuals." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/29FD66685E266151FF5EDAF0FDB119D9" pageId="20" pageNumber="153">Tab. 6</tableCitation>
,
<figureCitation box="[1258,1338,177,199]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[151,186,689,711]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,170,662]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 1: Formica rufa, gyne; paramedian surface of the dorsum of first gaster tergite." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5582222" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5582222/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="153">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
). Medium-sized,
<collectionCode box="[931,961,209,230]" country="France" name="Musee des Dinosaures d'Esperaza (Aude)" pageId="20" pageNumber="153">CS</collectionCode>
<quantity box="[968,1063,209,230]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1399999999999997" pageId="20" pageNumber="153" unit="mm" value="2140.0">2140 µm</quantity>
; scape rather long and slender, SL /
<collectionCode box="[835,865,241,262]" country="France" name="Musee des Dinosaures d'Esperaza (Aude)" pageId="20" pageNumber="153">CS</collectionCode>
0.868, SL / Smax 9.13. Setae on eyes short, EyeHL
<quantity box="[816,886,272,294]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="20" pageNumber="153" unit="mm" value="25.0">25µm</quantity>
; setae on posterior margin of head always missing; gula without or with single setae of up to
<quantity box="[1271,1352,305,326]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" pageId="20" pageNumber="153" unit="mm" value="280.0">280 µm</quantity>
length; pronotum without or single short setae of up to
<quantity box="[1368,1436,337,358]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.4" pageId="20" pageNumber="153" unit="mm" value="44.0">44 µm</quantity>
length; meso- and metapleuron and frontal face of first gaster tergite without setae, if single setae are present these may have
<quantity box="[982,1120,433,454]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2199999999999998" metricValueMax="2.44" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="20" pageNumber="153" unit="mm" value="222.0" valueMax="244.0" valueMin="200.0">200 - 244µm</quantity>
length; ventral surface of first gaster sternite usually with numerous long setae, nSt 18.8, StHL
<quantity box="[877,958,496,518]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="20" pageNumber="153" unit="mm" value="350.0">350µm</quantity>
. Pubescence distance and distance of foveolae on paramedian dorsum of first gaster tergite rather high, sqPDG 9.00, FodG
<quantity box="[1016,1085,560,582]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.7" pageId="20" pageNumber="153" unit="mm" value="57.0">57µm</quantity>
. Large parts of median and paramedian scutellum perfectly smooth and brilliantly shiny. Dorsum of gaster viewed at lower magnification always shiny. Pigmentation of head similar to worker; mesonotum, scutellum, and metanotum blackish brown; gaster black.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="155" pageId="20" pageNumber="153" type="discussion">
<paragraph blockId="20.[816,1437,177,1223]" pageId="20" pageNumber="153">
Taxonomic comments and clustering results. The nomenclatoric separation of
<taxonomicName authorityName="LINNAEUS" authorityYear="1761" box="[1290,1436,753,774]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufa">
<emphasis box="[1290,1436,753,774]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="153">Formica rufa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName box="[864,1072,785,806]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polyctena">
<emphasis box="[864,1072,785,806]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="153">Formica polyctena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is maintained here for pragmatic reasons but this decision is problematic according to the data presented in the next paragraph. This pragmatism follows a functional argument: In their pure expression,
<taxonomicName authorityName="LINNAEUS" authorityYear="1761" box="[816,894,913,934]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufa">
<emphasis box="[816,894,913,934]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="153">F. rufa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName box="[952,1092,913,934]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polyctena">
<emphasis box="[952,1092,913,934]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="153">F. polyctena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
represent most different mor- phologies,
<typeStatus box="[935,995,945,966]" pageId="20" pageNumber="153">types</typeStatus>
of ecological adaptation, dispersal, and reproduction strategies, which call for a different naming. Several hundred papers have been published so far using the name
<taxonomicName box="[927,1062,1041,1062]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polyctena">
<emphasis box="[927,1062,1041,1062]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="153">F. polyctena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Giving up the name
<taxonomicName box="[1301,1437,1041,1062]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polyctena">
<emphasis box="[1301,1437,1041,1062]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="153">F. polyctena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
would mean a loss of information and would complicate communication about biological issues.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="20.[816,1437,177,1223]" pageId="20" pageNumber="153">A broad study considering 432 nest samples with 6100 worker ants and eight NUMOBAT characters and integrating intranidal phenotype composition as well as</paragraph>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5582245" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5582245" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5582245/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="153" startId="20.[816,856,1777,1799]" targetBox="[833,1413,1284,1760]" targetPageId="20">
<paragraph blockId="20.[816,1436,1777,2023]" pageId="20" pageNumber="153">
Fig. 21: Data of 49 samples from of E Saxony / Germany with
<taxonomicName authorityName="LINNAEUS" authorityYear="1761" box="[816,950,1809,1830]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufa">
<emphasis box="[816,950,1809,1830]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="153">Formica rufa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(white rhombs),
<taxonomicName box="[1114,1303,1809,1830]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polyctena">
<emphasis box="[1114,1303,1809,1830]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="153">Formica polyctena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
×
<taxonomicName authorityName="LINNAEUS" authorityYear="1761" box="[1326,1370,1809,1830]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufa">
<emphasis box="[1326,1370,1809,1830]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="153">rufa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(black squares), and
<taxonomicName box="[965,1094,1841,1862]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polyctena">
<emphasis box="[965,1094,1841,1862]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="153">F. polyctena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(white dots). The first canonical vector of a three-class LDA, separating the parental species and considering 12 morphological characters, is plotted against the percentage of
<taxonomicName box="[961,1088,1937,1958]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polyctena">
<emphasis box="[961,1088,1937,1958]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="153">F. polyctena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
alleles determined by BAPS clustering (with K = 5) of 19 microsatellite markers (from
<bibRefCitation author="SEIFERT" etAl="&amp; al." firstAuthor="SEIFERT" journalOrPublisher="Evolutionary Ecology" pageId="20" pageNumber="153" pagination="1219 - 1237" part="24" refId="ref47195" refString="SEIFERT, B., KULMUNI, J. &amp; PAMILO, P. 2010: Independent hybrid populations of Formica polyctena × rufa wood ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) abound under conditions of forest fragmentation. - Evolutionary Ecology 24: 1219 - 1237." title="Independent hybrid populations of Formica polyctena × rufa wood ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) abound under conditions of forest fragmentation" type="journal article" year="2010">SEIFERT &amp; al. 2010</bibRefCitation>
, changed).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5582249" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5582249" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5582249/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="154" startId="21.[816,851,625,647]" targetBox="[154,783,180,964]" targetPageId="21">
<paragraph blockId="21.[816,1437,625,871]" pageId="21" pageNumber="154">
Fig.23: Linear discriminant analysis of 169 samples of workers of
<taxonomicName authorityName="LINNAEUS" authorityYear="1761" box="[844,984,657,678]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="154" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufa">
<emphasis box="[844,984,657,678]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="154">Formica rufa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(white rhombs),
<taxonomicName box="[1163,1361,657,678]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="154" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polyctena">
<emphasis box="[1163,1361,657,678]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="154">Formica polyctena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
×
<taxonomicName authorityName="LINNAEUS" authorityYear="1761" box="[1391,1436,657,678]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="154" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufa">
<emphasis box="[1391,1436,657,678]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="154">rufa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and backcrosses (black squares), and
<taxonomicName box="[1190,1314,689,710]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="154" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polyctena">
<emphasis box="[1190,1314,689,710]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="154">F. polyctena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(white dots) considering 12 morphological characters. The missing gaps between the clusters indicate introgression and prevent a clear discrimination of hybrids from parental species. Note that the frequency of hybrids in the analysis is about fivefold larger than expected for random sampling all over Europe.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5582253" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5582253" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5582253/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="154" startId="21.[151,185,980,1002]" targetBox="[154,783,180,964]" targetPageId="21">
<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="154">
Fig.22: Classification by the exploratory data analyses NC-Ward (dendrogram shown), NC-part.hclust and NC-part.kmeans and final species hypothesis formed by a controlling linear discriminant function (for details, see Material and Methods). Shown are 169 samples of workers of
<taxonomicName authorityName="LINNAEUS" authorityYear="1761" box="[526,663,1097,1119]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="154" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufa">
<emphasis box="[526,663,1097,1119]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="154">Formica rufa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(red bars),
<taxonomicName box="[151,346,1127,1148]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="154" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polyctena">
<emphasis box="[151,346,1127,1148]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="154">Formica polyctena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
×
<taxonomicName authorityName="LINNAEUS" authorityYear="1761" box="[373,418,1127,1148]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="154" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufa">
<emphasis box="[373,418,1127,1148]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="154">rufa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and backcrosses (green bars), and
<taxonomicName box="[151,277,1156,1178]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="154" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polyctena">
<emphasis box="[151,277,1156,1178]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="154">F. polyctena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(black bars). White bars indicate outliers in NC- part.clust. The mean error of three analyses is 3.7% for K = 2 (presence of hybrids ignored) but 13.2% for K = 3 (presence of hybrids accepted), with 19% of the hybrid samples classified as either parental species. Accordingly, a hypothesis forma- tion based on NC-clustering alone, neglecting any accessory information, would suggest two sufficiently separable species. Twelve phenotypic characters were considered.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph blockId="21.[151,773,1457,2023]" pageId="21" pageNumber="154">
topographic, ecological, and biological information (
<bibRefCitation author="SEIFERT, B." journalOrPublisher="Abhandlungen und Berichte des Naturkundemuseums Gorlitz" pageId="21" pageNumber="154" pagination="1 - 27" part="65" refId="ref46529" refString="SEIFERT, B. 1991: The phenotypes of the Formica rufa complex in East Germany. - Abhandlungen und Berichte des Naturkundemuseums Gorlitz 65: 1 - 27." title="The phenotypes of the Formica rufa complex in East Germany" type="journal article" year="1991">
<collectionCode box="[151,203,1489,1510]" pageId="21" pageNumber="154">SEIFERT</collectionCode>
1991
</bibRefCitation>
) provided evidence for frequent hybridization of
<taxonomicName authorityName="LINNAEUS" authorityYear="1761" box="[181,335,1521,1542]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="154" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufa">
<emphasis box="[181,335,1521,1542]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="154">Formica rufa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName box="[394,609,1521,1542]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="154" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polyctena">
<emphasis box="[394,609,1521,1542]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="154">Formica polyctena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The adaptive advantage of the hybrid for conditions of fragmented forest systems hypothesized by the same author was made credible through mathematic modelling by
<bibRefCitation author="HOFENER" etAl="&amp; al." firstAuthor="HOFENER" journalOrPublisher="Insectes Sociaux" pageId="21" pageNumber="154" pagination="359 - 373" part="43" refId="ref45840" refString="HOFENER, C., SEIFERT, B. &amp; KRUGER, T. 1996: A genetic model for disruptive selection on colony social organization, reproduction, and ecotype distribution in wood ants inhabiting different woodland habitats. - Insectes Sociaux 43: 359 - 373." title="A genetic model for disruptive selection on colony social organization, reproduction, and ecotype distribution in wood ants inhabiting different woodland habitats" type="journal article" year="1996">HÖFENER &amp; al. (1996)</bibRefCitation>
. The presence of the supposed hybrid cluster in
<collectingCountry box="[151,305,1681,1702]" name="Germany" pageId="21" pageNumber="154">East Germany</collectingCountry>
was later convincingly confirmed by a study integrating NUMOBAT characters and nuclear DNA data (
<bibRefCitation author="SEIFERT" box="[159,366,1745,1767]" etAl="&amp; al." firstAuthor="SEIFERT" journalOrPublisher="Evolutionary Ecology" pageId="21" pageNumber="154" pagination="1219 - 1237" part="24" refId="ref47195" refString="SEIFERT, B., KULMUNI, J. &amp; PAMILO, P. 2010: Independent hybrid populations of Formica polyctena × rufa wood ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) abound under conditions of forest fragmentation. - Evolutionary Ecology 24: 1219 - 1237." title="Independent hybrid populations of Formica polyctena × rufa wood ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) abound under conditions of forest fragmentation" type="journal article" year="2010">SEIFERT &amp; al. 2010</bibRefCitation>
), with a high agreement of classifications provided by morphometrics and nuDNA (Fig. 21). Data on microsatellite DNA of
<bibRefCitation author="GYLLENSTRAND" box="[473,772,1809,1831]" etAl="&amp; al." firstAuthor="GYLLENSTRAND" journalOrPublisher="Insectes Sociaux" pageId="21" pageNumber="154" pagination="139 - 145" part="51" refId="ref45802" refString="GYLLENSTRAND, N., SEPPA, P. &amp; PAMILO, P. 2004: Genetic differentiation in sympatric wood ants Formica rufa and F. polyctena. - Insectes Sociaux 51: 139 - 145." title="Genetic differentiation in sympatric wood ants Formica rufa and F. polyctena" type="journal article" year="2004">GYLLENSTRAND &amp; al. (2004)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation author="SEIFERT" box="[198,417,1841,1863]" etAl="&amp; al." firstAuthor="SEIFERT" journalOrPublisher="Evolutionary Ecology" pageId="21" pageNumber="154" pagination="1219 - 1237" part="24" refId="ref47195" refString="SEIFERT, B., KULMUNI, J. &amp; PAMILO, P. 2010: Independent hybrid populations of Formica polyctena × rufa wood ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) abound under conditions of forest fragmentation. - Evolutionary Ecology 24: 1219 - 1237." title="Independent hybrid populations of Formica polyctena × rufa wood ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) abound under conditions of forest fragmentation" type="journal article" year="2010">SEIFERT &amp; al. (2010)</bibRefCitation>
suggest that backcrossing of the hybrid and introgression occur mainly with the
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="154" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polyctena">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="154">F. polyctena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
parent. This biased gene flow towards
<taxonomicName box="[635,771,1905,1926]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="154" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polyctena">
<emphasis box="[635,771,1905,1926]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="154">F. polyctena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was also to be expected on the basis of differential queen acceptance and mating behaviour of the species (GÖSS-
<collectionCode box="[151,211,2001,2022]" pageId="21" pageNumber="154">WALD</collectionCode>
1942,
<bibRefCitation author="SEIFERT" box="[284,433,2001,2023]" firstAuthor="SEIFERT" journalOrPublisher="Abhandlungen und Berichte des Naturkundemuseums Gorlitz" pageId="21" pageNumber="154" pagination="1 - 27" part="65" refId="ref46529" refString="SEIFERT, B. 1991: The phenotypes of the Formica rufa complex in East Germany. - Abhandlungen und Berichte des Naturkundemuseums Gorlitz 65: 1 - 27." title="The phenotypes of the Formica rufa complex in East Germany" type="journal article" year="1991">SEIFERT 1991</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="21.[816,1439,945,2023]" lastBlockId="22.[151,772,177,615]" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="155" pageId="21" pageNumber="154">
Hybrid frequencies of up to 28% for particular regions sum up to 6 - 8% over the whole European range and cause a dilemma in taxonomic decision making. A blind NC-clustering study of morphological data, ignoring any other source of information and the possibility of hybrid occurrence, provided misleading results (
<figureCitation box="[1294,1373,1105,1127]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="21.[151,185,980,1002]" captionTargetBox="[154,783,180,964]" captionTargetId="graphics-512@21.[316,739,270,962]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Fig.22:Classification bythe exploratorydata analysesNC-Ward (dendrogram shown), NC-part.hclust and NC-part.kmeans and final species hypothesis formed by a controlling linear discriminant function (for details, see Material and Methods). Shown are 169 samples of workers of Formica rufa (red bars), Formica polyctena × rufa and backcrosses (green bars), and F. polyctena (black bars). White bars indicate outliers in NC- part.clust. The mean error of three analyses is 3.7% for K = 2 (presence of hybrids ignored) but 13.2% for K = 3 (presence of hybrids accepted), with 19% of the hybrid samples classified as either parental species. Accordingly, a hypothesis forma- tion based on NC-clustering alone, neglecting any accessory information, would suggest two sufficiently separable species. Twelve phenotypic characters were considered." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5582253" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5582253/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="154">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
). The figure considers 169 nest samples with
<specimenCount box="[1242,1377,1137,1159]" pageId="21" pageNumber="154" type="worker">960 workers</specimenCount>
from entire Europe and the characters
<collectionCode box="[1192,1225,1169,1190]" country="France" name="Musee des Dinosaures d'Esperaza (Aude)" pageId="21" pageNumber="154">CS</collectionCode>
, CL / CW
<subScript attach="right" box="[1336,1374,1178,1192]" fontSize="6" pageId="21" pageNumber="154">1750</subScript>
, SL /
<collectionCode box="[816,845,1201,1222]" country="France" name="Musee des Dinosaures d'Esperaza (Aude)" pageId="21" pageNumber="154">CS</collectionCode>
<subScript attach="right" box="[846,884,1210,1224]" fontSize="6" pageId="21" pageNumber="154">1750</subScript>
, nCH
<subScript attach="left" box="[948,986,1210,1224]" fontSize="6" pageId="21" pageNumber="154">1750</subScript>
, OccHL
<subScript attach="right" box="[1077,1115,1210,1224]" fontSize="6" pageId="21" pageNumber="154">1750</subScript>
, nGu
<subScript attach="left" box="[1175,1213,1210,1224]" fontSize="6" pageId="21" pageNumber="154">1750</subScript>
, GuHL
<subScript attach="left" box="[1295,1333,1210,1224]" fontSize="6" pageId="21" pageNumber="154">1750</subScript>
, nPn
<subScript attach="left" box="[1391,1429,1210,1224]" fontSize="6" pageId="21" pageNumber="154">1750</subScript>
, mPnHL
<subScript attach="left" box="[903,941,1242,1256]" fontSize="6" pageId="21" pageNumber="154">1750</subScript>
, nMes
<subScript attach="left" box="[1014,1052,1242,1256]" fontSize="6" pageId="21" pageNumber="154">1750</subScript>
, nMet
<subScript attach="left" box="[1124,1162,1242,1256]" fontSize="6" pageId="21" pageNumber="154">1750</subScript>
, MetHL
<subScript attach="left" box="[1253,1291,1242,1256]" fontSize="6" pageId="21" pageNumber="154">1750</subScript>
, and nPr
<subScript attach="left" box="[1391,1429,1242,1256]" fontSize="6" pageId="21" pageNumber="154">1750</subScript>
. Assuming K = 2 (two species and no hybrids present), the disagreement of the exploratory data analyses with the controlling LDA was 4.1% in NC-Ward, 5.9% in NCpart.hclust, and 1.2% in NC-part.kmeans. This means an average error rate of 3.7% and suggests acceptance of heterospecificity of
<taxonomicName authorityName="LINNAEUS" authorityYear="1761" box="[992,1138,1425,1446]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="154" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufa">
<emphasis box="[992,1138,1425,1446]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="154">Formica rufa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName box="[1188,1395,1425,1446]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="154" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polyctena">
<emphasis box="[1188,1395,1425,1446]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="154">Formica polyctena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
following the &lt;4% threshold recommended for NC-clustering by
<bibRefCitation author="SEIFERT" box="[846,1025,1489,1511]" firstAuthor="SEIFERT" journalOrPublisher="Soil Organisms" pageId="21" pageNumber="154" pagination="15 - 94" part="92" refId="ref47079" refString="SEIFERT, B. 2020 a: A taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic members of the subgenus Lasius s. str. (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). - Soil Organisms 92: 15 - 94." title="A taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic members of the subgenus Lasius s. str. (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)" type="journal article" year="2020" yearSuffix="a">SEIFERT (2020a)</bibRefCitation>
.Explicitly, NC-clustering confirms the
<taxonomicName box="[816,952,1521,1542]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="154" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polyctena">
<emphasis box="[816,952,1521,1542]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="154">F. polyctena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
cluster and a collective cluster formed by
<taxonomicName authorityName="LINNAEUS" authorityYear="1761" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="154" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="154">F. rufa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and the hybrids. This clustering is largely explained by the high similarity of
<taxonomicName authorityName="LINNAEUS" authorityYear="1761" box="[1077,1149,1585,1606]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="154" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufa">
<emphasis box="[1077,1149,1585,1606]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="154">F.rufa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and the hybrids in nGu
<subScript attach="left" box="[1398,1436,1594,1608]" fontSize="6" pageId="21" pageNumber="154">1750</subScript>
and GuHL
<subScript attach="left" box="[932,970,1626,1640]" fontSize="6" pageId="21" pageNumber="154">1750</subScript>
and a strong dissimilarity of
<taxonomicName box="[1300,1436,1617,1638]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="154" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polyctena">
<emphasis box="[1300,1436,1617,1638]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="154">F. polyctena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
regarding these characters. Assuming K = 3 (two parental species and a hybrid cluster), the disagreement is 13.6% in NC-Ward, 15.4% in NC-part.hclust, and 10.6% in NC-part. kmeans. Out of 53 hybrid samples and as mean of the three methods, 16.4% were allocated to the
<taxonomicName authorityName="LINNAEUS" authorityYear="1761" box="[1228,1301,1777,1798]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="154" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufa">
<emphasis box="[1228,1301,1777,1798]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="154">F. rufa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 2.5% to the
<taxonomicName box="[856,988,1809,1830]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="154" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polyctena">
<emphasis box="[856,988,1809,1830]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="154">F. polyctena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
cluster. These data show that the different algorithms of NC clustering cannot clearly expose hybrid samples and are likely to suggest a stronger divergence of the parental clusters than really given. A clear demonstration of hybrids with gaps to the parental clusters may be achieved in a vectorial space, either by running a PCA of RAV-corrected data or checking suspicious samples as wild-cards in an LDA. Yet, this proves only true when no or very few backcrosses are in the material (
<bibRefCitation author="SEIFERT" box="[618,766,209,230]" firstAuthor="SEIFERT" journalOrPublisher="Abhandlungen und Berichte des Naturkundemuseums Gorlitz" pageId="22" pageNumber="155" pagination="1 - 8" part="58" refId="ref46488" refString="SEIFERT, B. 1984: Nachweis einer im Freiland aufgetretenen Bastardierung von Leptothorax nigriceps MAYR und Leptothorax unifasciatus (LATR.) mittels einer multiplen Diskriminanzanalyse. - Abhandlungen und Berichte des Naturkundemuseums Gorlitz 58: 1 - 8." title="Nachweis einer im Freiland aufgetretenen Bastardierung von Leptothorax nigriceps MAYR und Leptothorax unifasciatus (LATR.) mittels einer multiplen Diskriminanzanalyse" type="journal article" year="1984">SEIFERT 1984</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="SEIFERT" box="[151,208,241,262]" firstAuthor="SEIFERT" journalOrPublisher="Insectes Sociaux" pageId="22" pageNumber="155" pagination="45 - 52" part="46" refId="ref46594" refString="SEIFERT, B. 1999: Interspecific hybridisations in natural popu- lations of ants by example of a regional fauna (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). - Insectes Sociaux 46: 45 - 52." title="Interspecific hybridisations in natural popu- lations of ants by example of a regional fauna (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)" type="journal article" year="1999">1999</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="SEIFERT" box="[221,281,241,263]" firstAuthor="SEIFERT" journalOrPublisher="Myrmecological News" pageId="22" pageNumber="155" pagination="201 - 207" part="8" refId="ref46449" refString="SCHULTZ, R., RADCHENKO, A. &amp; SEIFERT, B. 2006: A critical checklist of the ants of Kyrgyzstan (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). - Myrmecological News 8: 201 - 207." title="A critical checklist of the ants of Kyrgyzstan (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)" type="journal article" year="2006">2006</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="KULMUNI" box="[294,528,241,263]" etAl="&amp; al." firstAuthor="KULMUNI" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America" pageId="22" pageNumber="155" pagination="7371 - 7376" part="107" refId="ref45938" refString="KULMUNI, J., SEIFERT, B. &amp; PAMILO, P. 2010: Segregation distortion causes large-scale differences between male and female genomes in hybrid ants. - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 107: 7371 - 7376." title="Segregation distortion causes large-scale differences between male and female genomes in hybrid ants" type="journal article" year="2010">KULMUNI &amp; al. 2010</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="BAGHERIAN YAZDI" etAl="&amp; al." firstAuthor="BAGHERIAN YAZDI" journalOrPublisher="Myrmecological News" pageId="22" pageNumber="155" pagination="121 - 131" part="17" refId="ref44637" refString="BAGHERIAN YAZDI, A., MUNCH, W. &amp; SEIFERT, B. 2012: A first demonstration of interspecific hybridization in Myrmica ants by geometric morphometrics (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). - Myrmecological News 17: 121 - 131." title="A first demonstration of interspecific hybridization in Myrmica ants by geometric morphometrics (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)" type="journal article" year="2012">BAGHERIAN YAZDI &amp; al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="SEIFERT" box="[251,414,273,294]" firstAuthor="SEIFERT" journalOrPublisher="Contributions to Entomology" pageId="22" pageNumber="155" pagination="291 - 300" part="69" refId="ref46955" refString="SEIFERT, B. 2019 a: Lasius nigroemarginatus FOREL, 1874 is a F 1 Hybrid between L. emarginatus (OLIVIER, 1792) and L. platythorax SEIFERT, 1991 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). - Contributions to Entomology 69: 291 - 300." title="Lasius nigroemarginatus FOREL, 1874 is a F 1 Hybrid between L. emarginatus (OLIVIER, 1792) and L. platythorax SEIFERT, 1991 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)" type="journal article" year="2019" yearSuffix="a">SEIFERT 2019a</bibRefCitation>
, b). In the present case, the LDA of the 169 samples (
<figureCitation box="[374,449,305,327]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="21.[816,851,625,647]" captionTargetBox="[154,783,180,964]" captionTargetId="graphics-512@21.[316,739,270,962]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Fig.23: Lineardiscriminant analysis of 169 samples of workers of Formica rufa (white rhombs), Formica polyctena × rufa and backcrosses (black squares), and F.polyctena (white dots) considering 12 morphological characters. The missing gaps between the clusters indicate introgression and preventa clear discrimination of hybrids from parental species. Note that the frequency of hybrids in the analysis is aboutfivefold largerthan expected for random sampling all over Europe." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5582249" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5582249/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="155">Fig. 23</figureCitation>
) does not show obvious gaps separating the hybrid from the parental clusters, which may be explained by numerous backcrosses. The reader should be aware that the frequency of hybrids in this data set is about fivefold larger than the average figure expected for random sampling all over the European range. For hybridization with
<taxonomicName authorityName="ZETTERSTEDT" authorityYear="1838" box="[354,543,497,518]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lugubris">
<emphasis box="[354,543,497,518]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="155">Formica lugubris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, see section “Hybrids
<taxonomicName box="[151,420,529,550]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lugubrisxrufa">
<emphasis box="[151,345,529,550]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="155">Formica lugubris</emphasis>
×
<emphasis box="[372,420,529,550]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="155">rufa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” (p. 174).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="22" pageNumber="155" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph blockId="22.[151,772,177,615]" pageId="22" pageNumber="155">
Biology. See the condensed information in
<bibRefCitation author="SEIFERT" bookContentInfo="408 pp." firstAuthor="SEIFERT" journalOrPublisher="Lutra Verlags- und Vertriebsgesellschaft, Tauer" pageId="22" pageNumber="155" refId="ref46930" refString="SEIFERT, B. 2018: The ants of Central and North Europe. - Lutra Verlags- und Vertriebsgesellschaft, Tauer, 408 pp." title="The ants of Central and North Europe" type="book" year="2018">SEIFERT (2018)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

338
data/F5/2B/87/F52B87F65E28615EFF5EDCDFFEFB1D58.xml Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,338 @@
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4725632" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b9f36fb1-1c9d-4af8-96ca-d57973b94862" ID-GBIF-Taxon="189107704" ID-ISSN="1997-3500" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4725632" approvalRequired="1" checkinTime="1619623649741" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Seifert, Bernhard" docDate="2021" docId="F52B87F65E28615EFF5EDCDFFEFB1D58" docLanguage="en" docName="myrmecNews.31_133-179_printable.pdf" docOrigin="Myrmecological News 31" docSource="http://zoobank.org/0e55c0d7-531a-48d7-a078-148b96bd461d" docTitle="Formica kupyanskayae Bolton 1995" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="164" masterDocId="0912FF8E5E366141FFC9DA41FF91193E" masterDocTitle="A taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic members of the Formica rufa group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) - the famous mound-building red wood ants" masterLastPageNumber="179" masterPageNumber="133" pageId="30" pageNumber="163" updateTime="1643400285664" updateUser="diego">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>A taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic members of the Formica rufa group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) - the famous mound-building red wood ants</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Seifert, Bernhard</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Myrmecological News</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2021-04-28</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>31</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>133</mods:start>
<mods:end>179</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://zoobank.org/0e55c0d7-531a-48d7-a078-148b96bd461d</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.25849/myrmecol.news_031:133</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">b9f36fb1-1c9d-4af8-96ca-d57973b94862</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1997-3500</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">5582216</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">0E55C0D7-531A-48D7-A078-148B96BD461D</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4725632" ID-GBIF-Taxon="189107704" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4725632" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F52B87F65E28615EFF5EDCDFFEFB1D58" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F52B87F65E28615EFF5EDCDFFEFB1D58" lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="164" pageId="30" pageNumber="163">
<subSubSection box="[151,729,1694,1722]" pageId="30" pageNumber="163" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="30.[151,729,1694,1722]" box="[151,729,1694,1722]" pageId="30" pageNumber="163">
<heading bold="true" box="[151,729,1694,1722]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="30" pageNumber="163" reason="0">
<treatmentCitation box="[151,729,1694,1722]" pageId="30" pageNumber="163">
<taxonomicName authority="Bolton, 1995" authorityName="Bolton" authorityYear="1995" box="[151,729,1694,1722]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="163" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kupyanskayae">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,729,1694,1722]" pageId="30" pageNumber="163">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,516,1694,1722]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="163">Formica kupyanskayae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="BOLTON" bookContentInfo="504 pp." box="[524,729,1695,1722]" firstAuthor="BOLTON" journalOrPublisher="Harvard University Press, Cambridge &amp; London, UK" pageId="30" pageNumber="163" refId="ref44924" refString="BOLTON, B. 1995: A new general catalogue of the ants of the world. - Harvard University Press, Cambridge &amp; London, UK, 504 pp." title="A new general catalogue of the ants of the world" type="book" year="1995">
<collectingRegion box="[524,643,1695,1721]" country="United Kingdom" name="Bolton" pageId="30" pageNumber="163">BOLTON</collectingRegion>
, 1995
</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="30" pageNumber="163" type="reference_group">
<paragraph blockId="30.[151,772,1745,2023]" pageId="30" pageNumber="163">
<treatmentCitation box="[151,586,1745,1767]" pageId="30" pageNumber="163">
<taxonomicName authority="Bolton, 1995" authorityName="Bolton" authorityYear="1995" box="[151,586,1745,1767]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="163" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kupyanskayae">
<emphasis box="[151,421,1745,1766]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="163">Formica kupyanskayae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="BOLTON" bookContentInfo="504 pp." box="[429,586,1745,1767]" firstAuthor="BOLTON" journalOrPublisher="Harvard University Press, Cambridge &amp; London, UK" pageId="30" pageNumber="163" refId="ref44924" refString="BOLTON, B. 1995: A new general catalogue of the ants of the world. - Harvard University Press, Cambridge &amp; London, UK, 504 pp." title="A new general catalogue of the ants of the world" type="book" year="1995">
<collectingRegion box="[429,519,1745,1766]" country="United Kingdom" name="Bolton" pageId="30" pageNumber="163">BOLTON</collectingRegion>
, 1995
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
[
<typeStatus box="[601,652,1745,1766]" pageId="30" pageNumber="163">type</typeStatus>
investigation]
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="30.[151,772,1745,2023]" pageId="30" pageNumber="163">
Replacement name for
<treatmentCitation pageId="30" pageNumber="163">
<taxonomicName authority="KUPYANSKAYA, 1980" authorityName="KUPYANSKAYA" authorityYear="1980" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="163" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="opacus">
<emphasis box="[415,599,1809,1830]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="163">Formica opacus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation pageId="30" pageNumber="163">KUPYANSKAYA, 1980</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
that is a junior primary homonym of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kupyanskaya" authorityYear="1980" box="[629,724,1841,1862]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="163" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="opaca">
<emphasis box="[629,724,1841,1862]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="163">F. opaca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
NY-
<bibRefCitation box="[151,305,1873,1895]" pageId="30" pageNumber="163">LANDER, 1856</bibRefCitation>
(now in
<treatmentCitation box="[398,680,1873,1895]" pageId="30" pageNumber="163">
<taxonomicName authority="MAYR, 1861" authorityName="MAYR" authorityYear="1861" box="[398,680,1873,1895]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Camponotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="163" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[398,540,1873,1894]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="163">Camponotus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation box="[546,680,1873,1895]" pageId="30" pageNumber="163">MAYR, 1861</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="30" pageNumber="163" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph blockId="30.[151,772,1745,2023]" pageId="30" pageNumber="163">
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3387574308" collectedFrom="lehmiger Hangschutt, Sandboden mit Pioniervegetation" collectingDate="1975-12-07" collectingDateMax="1999-09-14" collectingDateMin="1999-09-03" collectionCode="T, SMN" collectorName="L. Kanter" country="Russia" county="Mt. Lysaya Sopka" elevation="770" latitude="43.24" location="Primorye" longLatPrecision="686" longitude="133.39" pageId="30" pageNumber="163" specimenCount="4" specimenCount-queen="1" specimenCount-worker="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<collectionCode box="[189,256,1905,1926]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="30" pageNumber="163">Type</collectionCode>
material.
<specimenCount box="[422,469,1905,1927]" pageId="30" pageNumber="163">Five</specimenCount>
<typeStatus box="[477,576,1905,1926]" pageId="30" pageNumber="163">paratype</typeStatus>
<specimenCount box="[584,672,1905,1927]" pageId="30" pageNumber="163" type="worker">workers</specimenCount>
and
<specimenCount box="[730,771,1905,1926]" pageId="30" pageNumber="163">two</specimenCount>
<typeStatus box="[151,249,1937,1958]" pageId="30" pageNumber="163">paratype</typeStatus>
<specimenCount box="[258,322,1937,1958]" pageId="30" pageNumber="163" type="queen">gynes</specimenCount>
from the holotype sample labelled “
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F52B87F65E28615EFF5EDCDFFEFB1D58:785D603B5E28615FFD10DDD0FF4E1EF8" name="Primorye" pageId="30" pageNumber="163">Primorye</location>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F52B87F65E28615EFF5EDCDFFEFB1D58:785D603B5E28615FFF21DDF0FEFF1EF9" box="[232,366,1969,1991]" name="Anisimovka" pageId="30" pageNumber="163">Anisimovka</location>
,
<date box="[375,479,1969,1991]" pageId="30" pageNumber="163" value="1975-12-07">
<collectingDate box="[375,479,1969,1991]" pageId="30" pageNumber="163" value="1975-12-07">12.7.1975</collectingDate>
</date>
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F52B87F65E28615EFF5EDCDFFEFB1D58:785D603B5E28615FFE2DDDF0FDE61EF9" box="[484,631,1969,1991]" name="Kupyanskaya" pageId="30" pageNumber="163">Kupyanskaya</location>
”, “Paratypus
<taxonomicName authority="Kupyanskaya" authorityName="Kupyanskaya" authorityYear="1980" box="[151,466,2001,2023]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="163" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="opaca">Formica opaca Kupyanskaya</taxonomicName>
”; depository
<collectionCode box="[608,664,2001,2022]" collectionName="SMN" pageId="30" pageNumber="163">SMN</collectionCode>
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F52B87F65E28615EFF5EDCDFFEFB1D58:785D603B5E28615FFD57DD90FD7F1ED9" box="[670,750,2001,2023]" name="Gorlitz" pageId="30" pageNumber="163">Görlitz</location>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="30.[816,1438,177,2023]" pageId="30" pageNumber="163">
All material examined. Numeric phenotypical data were recorded in 10 nest samples with
<specimenCount box="[1314,1436,209,231]" pageId="30" pageNumber="163" type="worker">41 workers</specimenCount>
and two gynes plus one isolated gyne. All these originated from Russian Far East. For details, see SI1, SI2, and SI3.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="30" pageNumber="163" type="distribution">
<paragraph blockId="30.[816,1438,177,2023]" pageId="30" pageNumber="163">
Geographic range. Known are 10 sites in the Ussuri River / Sichote Alin region and one site in
<collectingRegion box="[1333,1433,337,359]" country="Russia" name="Sakhalin" pageId="30" pageNumber="163">Sakhalin</collectingRegion>
. These eleven sites are situated at altitudes of only 180 ± 150 [40, 530] m which is clearly lower than in sympatric
<taxonomicName authority="Seifert, 2021" authorityName="Seifert" authorityYear="2021" box="[816,1043,433,454]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="163" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ussuriensis" status="sp.n.">
<emphasis box="[816,1043,433,454]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="163">Formica ussuriensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1049,1101,433,454]" pageId="30" pageNumber="163" rank="species">sp.n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(
<collectionCode box="[1113,1200,433,454]" pageId="30" pageNumber="163">ANOVA</collectionCode>
F
<subScript attach="left" box="[1221,1254,442,456]" fontSize="6" pageId="30" pageNumber="163">1,19</subScript>
30.6, p &lt;0.001).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="30" pageNumber="163" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph blockId="30.[816,1438,177,2023]" pageId="30" pageNumber="163">
Diagnosis of worker (
<tableCitation box="[1177,1263,465,487]" captionStart="Tab" captionStartId="12.[151,191,177,199]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,288,1992]" captionTargetId="graphics-52@12.[151,1437,281,2018]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Tab.2: Workers of species and hybrids similar to Formica rufa and Formica aquilonia; head size and RAV-corrected data for the assumption of each individual having a head size of 1750µm; data given as arithmetic mean ± standard deviation (lower extreme, upper extreme) number of individuals." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/29FD66685E3A614DFF5EDAF0FDB11839" pageId="30" pageNumber="163">Tab. 2</tableCitation>
, key). Large, mean and maximum
<collectionCode box="[1060,1090,497,518]" country="France" name="Musee des Dinosaures d'Esperaza (Aude)" pageId="30" pageNumber="163">CS</collectionCode>
over all social
<typeStatus box="[1264,1325,497,518]" pageId="30" pageNumber="163">types</typeStatus>
1745 and
<quantity box="[816,914,529,551]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.068" pageId="30" pageNumber="163" unit="mm" value="2068.0">2068 µm</quantity>
. Scape rather long but less slender than in
<taxonomicName authority=", SL" authorityName="SL" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="163" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pratensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="163">Formica pratensis</emphasis>
, SL
</taxonomicName>
/
<collectionCode box="[1039,1068,561,582]" country="France" name="Musee des Dinosaures d'Esperaza (Aude)" pageId="30" pageNumber="163">CS</collectionCode>
<subScript attach="left" box="[1067,1105,570,584]" fontSize="6" pageId="30" pageNumber="163">1750</subScript>
0.917, SL / Smax
<subScript attach="left" box="[1286,1324,570,584]" fontSize="6" pageId="30" pageNumber="163">1750</subScript>
9.78. Petiole width medium, PeW /
<collectionCode box="[1093,1122,593,614]" country="France" name="Musee des Dinosaures d'Esperaza (Aude)" pageId="30" pageNumber="163">CS</collectionCode>
<subScript attach="left" box="[1122,1160,602,616]" fontSize="6" pageId="30" pageNumber="163">1750</subScript>
0.476. Setae on eyes long, EyeHL
<subScript attach="left" box="[891,929,634,648]" fontSize="6" pageId="30" pageNumber="163">1750</subScript>
<quantity box="[934,1003,625,647]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="30" pageNumber="163" unit="mm" value="35.0">35µm</quantity>
; setae on dorsal plane of scape absent or very few, nSc
<subScript attach="left" box="[959,997,666,680]" fontSize="6" pageId="30" pageNumber="163">1750</subScript>
0.68; setae on head margin behind eyes less numerous than in
<taxonomicName box="[1053,1179,689,710]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="163" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pratensis">
<emphasis box="[1053,1179,689,710]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="163">F. pratensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but rather long, nCH
<subScript attach="left" box="[1399,1436,698,712]" fontSize="6" pageId="30" pageNumber="163">1750</subScript>
5.8, OccHL
<subScript attach="left" box="[944,983,730,744]" fontSize="6" pageId="30" pageNumber="163">1750</subScript>
<quantity box="[991,1074,721,742]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.18" pageId="30" pageNumber="163" unit="mm" value="118.0">118 µm</quantity>
; gular setae always present and long, nGu
<subScript attach="left" box="[919,957,762,776]" fontSize="6" pageId="30" pageNumber="163">1750</subScript>
7.0, GuHL
<subScript attach="left" box="[1070,1109,762,776]" fontSize="6" pageId="30" pageNumber="163">1750</subScript>
<quantity box="[1111,1191,753,774]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.17" pageId="30" pageNumber="163" unit="mm" value="217.0">217µm</quantity>
; pronotal setae moderately numerous and rather long, nPn
<subScript attach="left" box="[1211,1249,794,808]" fontSize="6" pageId="30" pageNumber="163">1750</subScript>
18.9, mPnHL
<subScript attach="left" box="[1398,1436,794,808]" fontSize="6" pageId="30" pageNumber="163">1750</subScript>
<quantity box="[816,886,817,838]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.8" pageId="30" pageNumber="163" unit="mm" value="98.0">98µm</quantity>
, number of mesopleural, propodeal, and metanotal setae clearly smaller than in
<taxonomicName box="[1116,1241,849,870]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="163" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pratensis">
<emphasis box="[1116,1241,849,870]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="163">F. pratensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but of comparable length, nMes
<subScript attach="left" box="[958,996,890,904]" fontSize="6" pageId="30" pageNumber="163">1750</subScript>
6.6, nPr
<subScript attach="left" box="[1088,1126,890,904]" fontSize="6" pageId="30" pageNumber="163">1750</subScript>
9.0; mMet
<subScript attach="left" box="[1243,1281,890,904]" fontSize="6" pageId="30" pageNumber="163">1750</subScript>
3.4, Methl
<subScript attach="left" box="[1398,1436,890,904]" fontSize="6" pageId="30" pageNumber="163">1750</subScript>
<quantity box="[816,899,913,934]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.98" pageId="30" pageNumber="163" unit="mm" value="198.0">198 µm</quantity>
. Pigmentation without specific characters.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="30.[816,1438,177,2023]" pageId="30" pageNumber="163">
Diagnosis of gyne (
<tableCitation box="[1159,1247,945,967]" captionStart="Tab" captionStartId="16.[151,191,177,199]" captionTargetBox="[158,1429,256,2005]" captionTargetId="graphics-28@16.[151,1437,249,2018]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Tab.6: Gynes of species and hybrids with sparse pilosity; data given as arithmetic mean ± standard deviation (lower extreme, upper extreme) number of individuals." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/29FD66685E266151FF5EDAF0FDB119D9" pageId="30" pageNumber="163">Tab. 6</tableCitation>
,
<figureCitation box="[1275,1375,945,967]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="9.[151,197,1753,1775]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,170,1729]" captionTargetId="figure-11@9.[594,1146,882,1245]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figs.5-13: (5-ussu) Formica ussuriensis sp.n., worker, holotype, head. (6-ussu) Formica ussuriensis sp.n., worker, holotype, lateral.(7-ussu) Formica ussuriensis sp.n., gyne, head; note the more trapezoid headshape.(8-aqui) Formica aquilonia, gyne, head; note the more rounded head shape.(9-prat) Formica pratensis, worker, neotype, head; note the more reticulate microsculpture of central vertex compared with Formica lugubris (Figs.14, 15), producing a matt surface appearance.(10-prat) Formica pratensis, worker, neotype, lateral aspect. (11-prat) Formica pratensis, gyne, P morph, lateral; almost no setae on head, mesosoma, and first gaster tergite. (12-prat) Formica pratensis, gyne, N morph, lateral; many setae on head, mesosoma, and first gaster tergite. (13-kupy) Formica kupyanskayae, gyne, head." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5582236" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5582236/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="163">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
). In many characters similar to
<taxonomicName box="[1108,1309,977,998]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="163" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pratensis">
<emphasis box="[1108,1309,977,998]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="163">Formica pratensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Very large, mean and maximum
<collectionCode box="[1056,1086,1009,1030]" country="France" name="Musee des Dinosaures d'Esperaza (Aude)" pageId="30" pageNumber="163">CS</collectionCode>
2348 and
<quantity box="[1207,1305,1009,1031]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.386" pageId="30" pageNumber="163" unit="mm" value="2386.0">2386 µm</quantity>
. Scape very long and slender, SL /
<collectionCode box="[1058,1088,1041,1062]" country="France" name="Musee des Dinosaures d'Esperaza (Aude)" pageId="30" pageNumber="163">CS</collectionCode>
0.903, SL / Smax 9.66, absolute scape length&gt;
<quantity box="[981,1078,1073,1094]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.09" pageId="30" pageNumber="163" unit="mm" value="2090.0">2090 µm</quantity>
, exceeding data in other species. Setae on eyes long, EyeHL
<quantity box="[1115,1186,1105,1126]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.4" pageId="30" pageNumber="163" unit="mm" value="44.0">44 µm</quantity>
; setae on head margin behind eyes much fewer and shorter than in
<taxonomicName box="[1300,1429,1137,1158]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="163" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pratensis">
<emphasis box="[1300,1429,1137,1158]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="163">F. pratensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, nCH 4.8, OccHL
<subScript attach="left" box="[991,1029,1178,1192]" fontSize="6" pageId="30" pageNumber="163">1750</subScript>
<quantity box="[1033,1102,1169,1190]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.7" pageId="30" pageNumber="163" unit="mm" value="87.0">87µm</quantity>
; gular setae always present and long, nGu 9.3, GuHL
<quantity box="[1044,1128,1201,1223]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.58" pageId="30" pageNumber="163" unit="mm" value="258.0">258µm</quantity>
; setae on pronotum very few and short, PnHL
<quantity box="[1011,1082,1232,1254]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.6" pageId="30" pageNumber="163" unit="mm" value="56.0">56 µm</quantity>
; setae number on mesopleuron, metapleuron, petiole above spiracle, frontal face of first gaster tergite, and flexor profile of hind tibia lower than in
<taxonomicName box="[847,983,1329,1350]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="163" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pratensis">
<emphasis box="[847,983,1329,1350]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="163">F. pratensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, nMes 2.7, nMet 4.8, nPe 0.2, nGfr 2.3, nHT 2.5; setae length on metapleuron and frontal face of first gaster tergite shorter than in
<taxonomicName authority=", MetHL" authorityName="MetHL" box="[1215,1436,1393,1414]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="163" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pratensis">
<emphasis box="[1215,1345,1393,1414]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="163">F. pratensis</emphasis>
, MetHL
</taxonomicName>
<quantity box="[816,899,1424,1446]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" pageId="30" pageNumber="163" unit="mm" value="125.0">125 µm</quantity>
, GfrHL
<quantity box="[986,1056,1425,1446]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.4" pageId="30" pageNumber="163" unit="mm" value="44.0">44 µm</quantity>
. All body surfaces matt; dorsum of first gaster tergite with dense pubescence, well-developed transverse microripples, and narrowly spaced foveolae as bases of pubescence hairs, sqPDG 3.6, FodG
<quantity box="[1342,1433,1520,1542]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.05" pageId="30" pageNumber="163" unit="mm" value="20.5">20.5 µm</quantity>
. Most surfaces light reddish brown; posterior dorsum of head and mesonotum dark reddish brown; scutellum, metanotum, and gaster blackish brown, except for light reddish brown frontal face of first gaster tergite.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="164" pageId="30" pageNumber="163" type="discussion">
<paragraph blockId="30.[816,1438,177,2023]" lastBlockId="31.[151,771,849,1126]" lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="164" pageId="30" pageNumber="163">
Taxonomic comments and clustering results.
<taxonomicName box="[935,1192,1712,1734]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="163" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kupyanskayae">
<emphasis box="[935,1192,1712,1734]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="163">Formica kupyanskayae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is obviously the closest known relative of
<taxonomicName box="[1016,1222,1745,1766]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="163" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pratensis">
<emphasis box="[1016,1222,1745,1766]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="163">Formica pratensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but well separable. The 10 nest samples of
<taxonomicName box="[1082,1274,1776,1798]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="163" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kupyanskayae">
<emphasis box="[1082,1274,1776,1798]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="163">F. kupyanskayae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be clearly separated from 76 nest samples of
<taxonomicName box="[1196,1326,1809,1830]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="163" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pratensis">
<emphasis box="[1196,1326,1809,1830]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="163">F. pratensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by all five exploratory data analyses considering the characters
<collectionCode box="[1399,1432,1841,1862]" country="France" name="Musee des Dinosaures d'Esperaza (Aude)" pageId="30" pageNumber="163">CS</collectionCode>
, CL / CW
<subScript attach="right" box="[908,946,1882,1896]" fontSize="6" pageId="30" pageNumber="163">1750</subScript>
, SL /
<collectionCode box="[1005,1034,1873,1894]" country="France" name="Musee des Dinosaures d'Esperaza (Aude)" pageId="30" pageNumber="163">CS</collectionCode>
<subScript attach="left" box="[1034,1072,1882,1896]" fontSize="6" pageId="30" pageNumber="163">1750</subScript>
, nCH
<subScript attach="right" box="[1133,1171,1882,1896]" fontSize="6" pageId="30" pageNumber="163">1750</subScript>
, OccHL
<subScript attach="right" box="[1257,1295,1882,1896]" fontSize="6" pageId="30" pageNumber="163">1750</subScript>
, mPnHL
<subScript attach="left" box="[1392,1430,1882,1896]" fontSize="6" pageId="30" pageNumber="163">1750</subScript>
, nMet
<subScript attach="left" box="[875,913,1914,1928]" fontSize="6" pageId="30" pageNumber="163">1750</subScript>
, MetHL
<subScript attach="left" box="[1008,1046,1914,1928]" fontSize="6" pageId="30" pageNumber="163">1750</subScript>
, PeW /
<collectionCode box="[1139,1169,1905,1926]" country="France" name="Musee des Dinosaures d'Esperaza (Aude)" pageId="30" pageNumber="163">CS</collectionCode>
<subScript attach="left" box="[1169,1207,1914,1928]" fontSize="6" pageId="30" pageNumber="163">1750</subScript>
, SL / Smax
<subScript attach="left" box="[1341,1379,1914,1928]" fontSize="6" pageId="30" pageNumber="163">1750</subScript>
, and nSc
<subScript attach="left" box="[856,894,1946,1960]" fontSize="6" pageId="30" pageNumber="163">1750</subScript>
(
<figureCitation box="[907,983,1937,1959]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="31.[151,187,657,679]" captionTargetBox="[199,740,175,597]" captionTargetId="graphics-846@31.[199,740,175,597]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="Fig.30: Principal component analysis of 10 nest samples of Formica kupyanskayae (white rhombs) and of 76nest samples of Formica pratensis (black dots). Ten phenotypic characters were considered." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5582275" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5582275/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="163">Fig.30</figureCitation>
). The classification error by an LDA using the same character set was 0.7% in
<specimenCount box="[1216,1341,1969,1991]" pageId="30" pageNumber="163" type="worker">301 worker</specimenCount>
individuals. Gynes of the two species can be strongly separated by a PCA considering the characters SL /
<collectionCode box="[597,630,849,870]" country="France" name="Musee des Dinosaures d'Esperaza (Aude)" pageId="31" pageNumber="164">CS</collectionCode>
, GfrHL, nPe, nMet, and
<collectionCode box="[269,307,881,902]" country="France" name="Musee de Lectoure" pageId="31" pageNumber="164">ML</collectionCode>
/
<collectionCode box="[330,363,881,902]" country="France" name="Musee des Dinosaures d'Esperaza (Aude)" pageId="31" pageNumber="164">CS</collectionCode>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<paragraph box="[175,179,505,515]" pageId="31" pageNumber="164">-</paragraph>
<paragraph box="[175,179,547,557]" pageId="31" pageNumber="164">-</paragraph>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5582275" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5582275" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5582275/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="164" startId="31.[151,187,657,679]" targetBox="[199,740,175,597]" targetPageId="31">
<paragraph blockId="31.[151,772,657,775]" pageId="31" pageNumber="164">
Fig.30: Principal component analysis of 10 nest samples of
<taxonomicName box="[151,391,689,710]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kupyanskayae">
<emphasis box="[151,391,689,710]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="164">Formica kupyanskayae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(white rhombs) and of 76 nest samples of
<taxonomicName box="[176,366,721,742]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pratensis">
<emphasis box="[176,366,721,742]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="164">Formica pratensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(black dots). Ten phenotypic characters were considered.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection pageId="31" pageNumber="164" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph blockId="31.[151,771,849,1126]" pageId="31" pageNumber="164">
Habitat and biology. There are no data on habitat selection available except for one record reporting a probably monogynous nest found in a bushy grassland with groups of trees. This selection of an open habitat and distribution at low altitudes suggests that it is a rather thermophilous species – another character it shares with
<taxonomicName box="[151,355,1105,1126]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pratensis">
<emphasis box="[151,355,1105,1126]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="164">Formica pratensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

150
data/F5/2B/87/F52B87F65E29615EFC9FD94EFB261CD8.xml Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,150 @@
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5584838" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b9f36fb1-1c9d-4af8-96ca-d57973b94862" ID-GBIF-Taxon="192710734" ID-ISSN="1997-3500" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5584838" approvalRequired="1" checkinTime="1619623649741" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Seifert, Bernhard" docDate="2021" docId="F52B87F65E29615EFC9FD94EFB261CD8" docLanguage="en" docName="myrmecNews.31_133-179_printable.pdf" docOrigin="Myrmecological News 31" docSource="http://zoobank.org/0e55c0d7-531a-48d7-a078-148b96bd461d" docTitle="Formica nylanderi BONDROIT 1920" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="164" masterDocId="0912FF8E5E366141FFC9DA41FF91193E" masterDocTitle="A taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic members of the Formica rufa group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) - the famous mound-building red wood ants" masterLastPageNumber="179" masterPageNumber="133" pageId="31" pageNumber="164" updateTime="1643400318318" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>A taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic members of the Formica rufa group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) - the famous mound-building red wood ants</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Seifert, Bernhard</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Myrmecological News</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2021-04-28</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>31</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>133</mods:start>
<mods:end>179</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://zoobank.org/0e55c0d7-531a-48d7-a078-148b96bd461d</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.25849/myrmecol.news_031:133</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">b9f36fb1-1c9d-4af8-96ca-d57973b94862</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1997-3500</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">5582216</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">0E55C0D7-531A-48D7-A078-148B96BD461D</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5584838" ID-GBIF-Taxon="192710734" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5584838" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F52B87F65E29615EFC9FD94EFB261CD8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F52B87F65E29615EFC9FD94EFB261CD8" lastPageNumber="164" pageId="31" pageNumber="164">
<subSubSection box="[854,1310,783,806]" pageId="31" pageNumber="164" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="31.[816,1437,177,2023]" box="[854,1310,783,806]" pageId="31" pageNumber="164">
<treatmentCitation box="[854,1310,783,806]" pageId="31" pageNumber="164">
<taxonomicName authority="BONDROIT, 1920" authorityName="BONDROIT" authorityYear="1920" box="[854,1310,783,806]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nylanderi">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[854,1310,783,806]" pageId="31" pageNumber="164">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[854,1100,783,806]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="164">Formica nylanderi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation box="[1106,1310,784,806]" pageId="31" pageNumber="164">BONDROIT, 1920</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection box="[816,1426,816,838]" pageId="31" pageNumber="164" type="reference_group">
<paragraph blockId="31.[816,1437,177,2023]" box="[816,1426,816,838]" pageId="31" pageNumber="164">
<treatmentCitation box="[816,1208,817,838]" pageId="31" pageNumber="164">
<taxonomicName authority="BONDROIT, 1920" authorityName="BONDROIT" authorityYear="1920" box="[816,1208,817,838]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nylanderi">
<emphasis box="[816,1025,817,838]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="164">Formica nylanderi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation box="[1031,1208,817,838]" pageId="31" pageNumber="164">BONDROIT, 1920</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
[
<typeStatus box="[1220,1270,817,838]" pageId="31" pageNumber="164">type</typeStatus>
investigation]
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="31" pageNumber="164" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph blockId="31.[816,1437,177,2023]" pageId="31" pageNumber="164">
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3459464301" collectionCode="MSNB" collectorName="Chabanaud &amp; de Gaulle" country="Switzerland" location="Suisse" pageId="31" pageNumber="164" specimenCount="2" typeStatus="syntype">
Investigated were
<specimenCount box="[1051,1181,849,870]" pageId="31" pageNumber="164" type="generic" typeStatus="syntype">one syntype</specimenCount>
gyne labelled “Grindelwald
<collectingCountry box="[874,944,881,903]" name="Switzerland" pageId="31" pageNumber="164">Suisse</collectingCountry>
<collectorName box="[949,1073,881,903]" pageId="31" pageNumber="164">Chabanaud</collectorName>
coll.
<collectorName box="[1129,1232,881,903]" pageId="31" pageNumber="164">de Gaulle</collectorName>
”, “
<typeStatus box="[1261,1316,881,902]" pageId="31" pageNumber="164">Type</typeStatus>
”, “
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" variety="nylanderi">Formica v. nylanderi</taxonomicName>
<typeStatus box="[953,1006,913,934]" pageId="31" pageNumber="164">Type</typeStatus>
Bondr.”
</materialsCitation>
and
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3459464303" collectionCode="MSNB" collectorName="Chabanaud &amp; de Gaulle" country="Switzerland" location="Suisse" pageId="31" pageNumber="164" specimenCount="2" typeStatus="syntype">
<specimenCount box="[1150,1284,913,934]" pageId="31" pageNumber="164" type="generic" typeStatus="syntype">one syntype</specimenCount>
gyne labelled “Lautaret
<date box="[924,993,944,966]" pageId="31" pageNumber="164" value="2015-07">15 VII</date>
”, “
<typeStatus box="[1021,1075,945,966]" pageId="31" pageNumber="164">Type</typeStatus>
”, “
<taxonomicName authorityName="LINNAEUS" authorityYear="1761" box="[1104,1245,945,967]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufa">Formica rufa</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName box="[1249,1379,945,967]" pageId="31" pageNumber="164" rank="variety" variety="nylanderi">v. Nylanderi</taxonomicName>
<typeStatus box="[1384,1436,945,966]" pageId="31" pageNumber="164">Type</typeStatus>
Bondr.”; depository
<collectionCode box="[1033,1105,977,998]" collectionName="MSNB" pageId="31" pageNumber="164">MSNB</collectionCode>
Bruxelles
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="31" pageNumber="164" type="discussion">
<paragraph blockId="31.[816,1437,177,2023]" pageId="31" pageNumber="164">
Phenotypic variation in
<taxonomicName authorityName="ZETTERSTEDT" authorityYear="1838" box="[1122,1318,1009,1030]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lugubris">
<emphasis box="[1122,1318,1009,1030]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="164">Formica lugubris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
gynes can be classified into several morphs the data of which are given in
<tableCitation box="[917,1000,1073,1095]" captionStart="Tab" captionStartId="17.[151,191,177,199]" captionTargetBox="[158,1429,261,1991]" captionTargetId="graphics-26@17.[151,1436,249,2017]" captionText="Tab.7: Gynes of species with richer pilosity; data given as arithmetic mean ± standard deviation (lower extreme, upper extreme) number of individuals." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/29FD66685E276150FF5EDAF0FEEE19D9" pageId="31" pageNumber="164" tableUuid="29FD66685E276150FF5EDAF0FEEE19D9">Table 7</tableCitation>
(see also
<bibRefCitation author="SEIFERT" bookContentInfo="408 pp." box="[1115,1273,1073,1095]" firstAuthor="SEIFERT" journalOrPublisher="Lutra Verlags- und Vertriebsgesellschaft, Tauer" pageId="31" pageNumber="164" refId="ref46930" refString="SEIFERT, B. 2018: The ants of Central and North Europe. - Lutra Verlags- und Vertriebsgesellschaft, Tauer, 408 pp." title="The ants of Central and North Europe" type="book" year="2018">SEIFERT 2018</bibRefCitation>
). In both type gynes of
<taxonomicName authorityName="BONDROIT" authorityYear="1920" box="[914,1049,1105,1126]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nylanderi">
<emphasis box="[914,1049,1105,1126]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="164">F. nylanderi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, data of OccHL, GuHL, PnHL, and MetHL are clearly above the upper extremes known from
<taxonomicName authorityName="SEIFERT" authorityYear="1996" box="[816,1058,1169,1190]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paralugubris">
<emphasis box="[816,1058,1169,1190]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="164">Formica paralugubris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and morph A3 of Alpine
<taxonomicName authorityName="ZETTERSTEDT" authorityYear="1838" box="[1320,1436,1169,1190]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lugubris">
<emphasis box="[1320,1436,1169,1190]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="164">F.lugubris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but they may belong to
<taxonomicName authority="Seifert, 2021" authorityName="Seifert" authorityYear="2021" box="[1070,1270,1201,1222]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="helvetica" status="sp.n.">
<emphasis box="[1070,1270,1201,1222]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="164">Formica helvetica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1276,1328,1201,1222]" pageId="31" pageNumber="164" rank="species">sp.n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
or morph A1 of Alpine
<emphasis box="[955,1080,1233,1254]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="164">
<taxonomicName authorityName="ZETTERSTEDT" authorityYear="1838" box="[955,1076,1233,1254]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lugubris">F.lugubris</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
Running the types as wild-cards against a sample of 28 gynes of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Seifert" authorityYear="2021" box="[1160,1286,1265,1286]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="helvetica">
<emphasis box="[1160,1286,1265,1286]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="164">F. helvetica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 36 gynes of morph A1, and considering the five characters
<collectionCode box="[1341,1380,1297,1318]" country="France" name="Musee de Lectoure" pageId="31" pageNumber="164">ML</collectionCode>
/
<collectionCode box="[1399,1433,1297,1318]" country="France" name="Musee des Dinosaures d'Esperaza (Aude)" pageId="31" pageNumber="164">CS</collectionCode>
, PeW /
<collectionCode box="[885,917,1329,1350]" country="France" name="Musee des Dinosaures d'Esperaza (Aude)" pageId="31" pageNumber="164">CS</collectionCode>
, nCH, nMes, and nPe, the gyne from Grindelwald is allocated to morph A1 with p = 0.9928 and the gyne from Col de Lautaret with p = 0.9976. As the specimen from Grindelwald achieved a higher posterior probability in a wild-card run when all 20 characters were considered, it is designated herewith as
<typeStatus box="[1098,1202,1488,1510]" pageId="31" pageNumber="164">lectotype</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

126
data/F5/2B/87/F52B87F65E29615EFC9FDFAEFCFE1ED9.xml Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5584838" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b9f36fb1-1c9d-4af8-96ca-d57973b94862" ID-GBIF-Taxon="192710739" ID-ISSN="1997-3500" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5584838" approvalRequired="1" checkinTime="1619623649741" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Seifert, Bernhard" docDate="2021" docId="F52B87F65E29615EFC9FDFAEFCFE1ED9" docLanguage="en" docName="myrmecNews.31_133-179_printable.pdf" docOrigin="Myrmecological News 31" docSource="http://zoobank.org/0e55c0d7-531a-48d7-a078-148b96bd461d" docTitle="Formica rufopratensis FOREL 1874" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="164" masterDocId="0912FF8E5E366141FFC9DA41FF91193E" masterDocTitle="A taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic members of the Formica rufa group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) - the famous mound-building red wood ants" masterLastPageNumber="179" masterPageNumber="133" pageId="31" pageNumber="164" updateTime="1643400318318" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>A taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic members of the Formica rufa group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) - the famous mound-building red wood ants</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Seifert, Bernhard</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Myrmecological News</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2021-04-28</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>31</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>133</mods:start>
<mods:end>179</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://zoobank.org/0e55c0d7-531a-48d7-a078-148b96bd461d</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.25849/myrmecol.news_031:133</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">b9f36fb1-1c9d-4af8-96ca-d57973b94862</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1997-3500</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">5582216</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">0E55C0D7-531A-48D7-A078-148B96BD461D</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5584838" ID-GBIF-Taxon="192710739" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5584838" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F52B87F65E29615EFC9FDFAEFCFE1ED9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F52B87F65E29615EFC9FDFAEFCFE1ED9" lastPageNumber="164" pageId="31" pageNumber="164">
<subSubSection box="[854,1312,1519,1542]" pageId="31" pageNumber="164" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="31.[816,1437,177,2023]" box="[854,1312,1519,1542]" pageId="31" pageNumber="164">
<treatmentCitation box="[854,1312,1519,1542]" pageId="31" pageNumber="164">
<taxonomicName authority="FOREL, 1874" authorityName="FOREL" authorityYear="1874" box="[854,1312,1519,1542]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufopratensis">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[854,1312,1519,1542]" pageId="31" pageNumber="164">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[854,1150,1519,1542]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="164">Formica rufopratensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="FOREL" box="[1157,1312,1520,1542]" firstAuthor="FOREL" journalOrPublisher="Neue Denkschriften der Allgemeinen Schweizerischen Gesellschaft fur die Gesammten Naturwissenschaften" pageId="31" pageNumber="164" pagination="1 - 452" part="26" refId="ref45478" refString="FOREL, A. 1874: Les fourmis de la Suisse. Systematique, notices anatomiques et physiologiques, architecture, distribution geographique, nouvelles experiences et observations de moeurs. - Neue Denkschriften der Allgemeinen Schweizerischen Gesellschaft fur die Gesammten Naturwissenschaften 26: 1 - 452." title="Les fourmis de la Suisse. Systematique, notices anatomiques et physiologiques, architecture, distribution geographique, nouvelles experiences et observations de moeurs" type="journal article" year="1874">FOREL, 1874</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="31" pageNumber="164" type="reference_group">
<paragraph blockId="31.[816,1437,177,2023]" pageId="31" pageNumber="164">
<treatmentCitation box="[816,1304,1553,1574]" pageId="31" pageNumber="164">
<taxonomicName authority="FOREL, 1874" authorityName="FOREL" authorityYear="1874" box="[816,1304,1553,1574]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="rufa" variety="rufopratensis">
<emphasis box="[816,963,1553,1574]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="164">Formica rufa</emphasis>
var.
<emphasis box="[1013,1165,1553,1574]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="164">rufopratensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="FOREL" box="[1170,1304,1553,1574]" firstAuthor="FOREL" journalOrPublisher="Neue Denkschriften der Allgemeinen Schweizerischen Gesellschaft fur die Gesammten Naturwissenschaften" pageId="31" pageNumber="164" pagination="1 - 452" part="26" refId="ref45478" refString="FOREL, A. 1874: Les fourmis de la Suisse. Systematique, notices anatomiques et physiologiques, architecture, distribution geographique, nouvelles experiences et observations de moeurs. - Neue Denkschriften der Allgemeinen Schweizerischen Gesellschaft fur die Gesammten Naturwissenschaften 26: 1 - 452." title="Les fourmis de la Suisse. Systematique, notices anatomiques et physiologiques, architecture, distribution geographique, nouvelles experiences et observations de moeurs" type="journal article" year="1874">FOREL, 1874</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
[
<typeStatus box="[1315,1365,1553,1574]" pageId="31" pageNumber="164">type</typeStatus>
investigation and zoogeography]
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="31" pageNumber="164" type="discussion">
<paragraph blockId="31.[816,1437,177,2023]" pageId="31" pageNumber="164">
<bibRefCitation author="FOREL" box="[854,1000,1617,1639]" firstAuthor="FOREL" journalOrPublisher="Neue Denkschriften der Allgemeinen Schweizerischen Gesellschaft fur die Gesammten Naturwissenschaften" pageId="31" pageNumber="164" pagination="1 - 452" part="26" refId="ref45478" refString="FOREL, A. 1874: Les fourmis de la Suisse. Systematique, notices anatomiques et physiologiques, architecture, distribution geographique, nouvelles experiences et observations de moeurs. - Neue Denkschriften der Allgemeinen Schweizerischen Gesellschaft fur die Gesammten Naturwissenschaften 26: 1 - 452." title="Les fourmis de la Suisse. Systematique, notices anatomiques et physiologiques, architecture, distribution geographique, nouvelles experiences et observations de moeurs" type="journal article" year="1874">FOREL (1874)</bibRefCitation>
did not mention a
<typeStatus box="[1208,1257,1617,1638]" pageId="31" pageNumber="164">type</typeStatus>
locality, and his description of worker and gyne may refer to
<taxonomicName authorityName="ZETTERSTEDT" authorityYear="1838" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lugubris">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="164">Formica lugubris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authorityName="SEIFERT" authorityYear="1996" box="[924,1173,1681,1702]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paralugubris">
<emphasis box="[924,1173,1681,1702]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="164">Formica paralugubris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName authority="Seifert, 2021" authorityName="Seifert" authorityYear="2021" box="[1235,1436,1681,1702]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="helvetica" status="sp.n.">
<emphasis box="[1235,1436,1681,1702]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="164">Formica helvetica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[816,869,1713,1734]" pageId="31" pageNumber="164" rank="species">sp.n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
A smaller set of morphological data available for two supposed
<typeStatus box="[929,978,1745,1766]" pageId="31" pageNumber="164">type</typeStatus>
gynes in
<collectionCode box="[1088,1151,1745,1766]" country="Hungary" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/34nf-ps25" name="Musei Nacionalis Hungarici" pageId="31" pageNumber="164">MNH</collectionCode>
Genève from the locality Barberine (
<collectingCountry box="[940,1020,1777,1798]" name="France" pageId="31" pageNumber="164">France</collectingCountry>
,
<geoCoordinate box="[1030,1144,1776,1798]" degrees="46.050" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="31" pageNumber="164" precision="55" value="46.05">46.050° N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate box="[1154,1248,1777,1799]" degrees="6.943" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="31" pageNumber="164" precision="55" value="6.943">6.943° E</geoCoordinate>
) allow to exclude
<taxonomicName authorityName="SEIFERT" authorityYear="1996" box="[816,993,1809,1830]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paralugubris">
<emphasis box="[816,993,1809,1830]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="164">F. paralugubris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but cannot separate the other two species. As
<taxonomicName authority="Seifert, 2021" authorityName="Seifert" authorityYear="2021" box="[910,1039,1841,1862]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="helvetica" status="sp.n.">
<emphasis box="[910,1039,1841,1862]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="164">F. helvetica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1047,1100,1841,1862]" pageId="31" pageNumber="164" rank="species">sp.n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is considered to be restricted to East
<collectingCountry box="[900,1031,1873,1895]" name="Switzerland" pageId="31" pageNumber="164">Switzerland</collectingCountry>
and unlikely to occur farther west, I synonymize
<taxonomicName authorityName="FOREL" authorityYear="1874" box="[958,1139,1905,1926]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufopratensis">
<emphasis box="[958,1139,1905,1926]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="164">F. rufopratensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with
<taxonomicName authorityName="ZETTERSTEDT" authorityYear="1838" box="[1206,1329,1905,1926]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lugubris">
<emphasis box="[1206,1329,1905,1926]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="164">F. lugubris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Alternatively, if the Barberine specimens are not recognized as
<typeStatus box="[816,878,1969,1990]" pageId="31" pageNumber="164">types</typeStatus>
,
<taxonomicName authorityName="FOREL" authorityYear="1874" box="[889,1067,1969,1990]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufopratensis">
<emphasis box="[889,1067,1969,1990]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="164">F. rufopratensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has to be listed up under incertae sedis.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

124
data/F5/2B/87/F52B87F65E29615EFF5EDE3FFF7C1E59.xml Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5584838" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b9f36fb1-1c9d-4af8-96ca-d57973b94862" ID-GBIF-Taxon="192710735" ID-ISSN="1997-3500" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5584838" approvalRequired="1" checkinTime="1619623649741" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Seifert, Bernhard" docDate="2021" docId="F52B87F65E29615EFF5EDE3FFF7C1E59" docLanguage="en" docName="myrmecNews.31_133-179_printable.pdf" docOrigin="Myrmecological News 31" docSource="http://zoobank.org/0e55c0d7-531a-48d7-a078-148b96bd461d" docTitle="Formica lugubris ZETTERSTEDT 1838" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="164" masterDocId="0912FF8E5E366141FFC9DA41FF91193E" masterDocTitle="A taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic members of the Formica rufa group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) - the famous mound-building red wood ants" masterLastPageNumber="179" masterPageNumber="133" pageId="31" pageNumber="164" updateTime="1643400318318" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>A taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic members of the Formica rufa group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) - the famous mound-building red wood ants</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Seifert, Bernhard</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Myrmecological News</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2021-04-28</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>31</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>133</mods:start>
<mods:end>179</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://zoobank.org/0e55c0d7-531a-48d7-a078-148b96bd461d</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.25849/myrmecol.news_031:133</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">b9f36fb1-1c9d-4af8-96ca-d57973b94862</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1997-3500</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">5582216</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">0E55C0D7-531A-48D7-A078-148B96BD461D</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5584838" ID-GBIF-Taxon="192710735" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5584838" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F52B87F65E29615EFF5EDE3FFF7C1E59" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F52B87F65E29615EFF5EDE3FFF7C1E59" lastPageNumber="164" pageId="31" pageNumber="164">
<subSubSection box="[151,718,1150,1178]" pageId="31" pageNumber="164" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="31.[151,718,1150,1178]" box="[151,718,1150,1178]" pageId="31" pageNumber="164">
<heading bold="true" box="[151,718,1150,1178]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="31" pageNumber="164" reason="0">
<treatmentCitation box="[151,718,1150,1178]" pageId="31" pageNumber="164">
<taxonomicName authority="ZETTERSTEDT, 1838" authorityName="ZETTERSTEDT" authorityYear="1838" box="[151,718,1150,1178]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lugubris">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,718,1150,1178]" pageId="31" pageNumber="164">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,420,1150,1178]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="164">Formica lugubris</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="ZETTERSTEDT" box="[428,718,1151,1178]" firstAuthor="ZETTERSTEDT" pageId="31" pageNumber="164" pagination="317 - 475" refId="ref47777" refString="ZETTERSTEDT, J. W. 1838: Insecta Lapponica. Sectio secunda. Hymenoptera. - L. Voss, Lipsiae [= Leipzig], pp. 317 - 475." type="book chapter" year="1838">ZETTERSTEDT, 1838</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="31" pageNumber="164" type="reference_group">
<paragraph blockId="31.[151,773,1201,2023]" pageId="31" pageNumber="164">
<treatmentCitation box="[151,568,1201,1222]" pageId="31" pageNumber="164">
<taxonomicName authority="ZETTERSTEDT, 1838" authorityName="ZETTERSTEDT" authorityYear="1838" box="[151,568,1201,1222]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lugubris">
<emphasis box="[151,345,1201,1222]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="164">Formica lugubris</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="ZETTERSTEDT" box="[351,568,1201,1222]" firstAuthor="ZETTERSTEDT" pageId="31" pageNumber="164" pagination="317 - 475" refId="ref47777" refString="ZETTERSTEDT, J. W. 1838: Insecta Lapponica. Sectio secunda. Hymenoptera. - L. Voss, Lipsiae [= Leipzig], pp. 317 - 475." type="book chapter" year="1838">ZETTERSTEDT, 1838</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
[diagnosis of YAR- ROW (1955)]
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="31" pageNumber="164" type="discussion">
<paragraph blockId="31.[151,773,1201,2023]" pageId="31" pageNumber="164">
The taxon was described from a male from Ofotford (
<collectingCountry box="[158,247,1297,1318]" name="Norway" pageId="31" pageNumber="164">Norway</collectingCountry>
,
<geoCoordinate box="[259,359,1297,1319]" degrees="68.43" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="31" pageNumber="164" precision="555" value="68.43">68.43° N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate box="[371,465,1297,1318]" degrees="17.03" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="31" pageNumber="164" precision="555" value="17.03">17.03° E</geoCoordinate>
).
<bibRefCitation author="ZETTERSTEDT" box="[485,713,1297,1319]" firstAuthor="ZETTERSTEDT" pageId="31" pageNumber="164" pagination="317 - 475" refId="ref47777" refString="ZETTERSTEDT, J. W. 1838: Insecta Lapponica. Sectio secunda. Hymenoptera. - L. Voss, Lipsiae [= Leipzig], pp. 317 - 475." type="book chapter" year="1838">ZETTERSTEDT (1838)</bibRefCitation>
’s description matches all three species expected to occur at the Ofotford:
<taxonomicName authorityName="ZETTERSTEDT" authorityYear="1838" box="[268,390,1361,1382]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lugubris">
<emphasis box="[268,390,1361,1382]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="164">F. lugubris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis box="[404,619,1361,1382]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="164">
<taxonomicName box="[404,616,1361,1382]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aquilonia">Formica aquilonia</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
and
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="truncorum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="164">Formica truncorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation author="YARROW" box="[288,460,1392,1414]" firstAuthor="YARROW" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Society for British Entomology" pageId="31" pageNumber="164" pagination="1 - 48" part="12" refId="ref47744" refString="YARROW, I. H. H. 1955: The British ants allied to Formica rufa L. - Transactions of the Society for British Entomology 12: 1 - 48." title="The British ants allied to Formica rufa L" type="journal article" year="1955">YARROW (1955)</bibRefCitation>
, who was the first after 120 years to revive
<taxonomicName authorityName="ZETTERSTEDT" authorityYear="1838" box="[319,440,1425,1446]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lugubris">
<emphasis box="[319,440,1425,1446]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="164">F. lugubris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from synonymy and to give it a status of a good species, did not explain on which basis he identified J.W. Zetterstedt’s male. All later authors (including me) followed
<bibRefCitation author="YARROW" box="[412,579,1520,1542]" firstAuthor="YARROW" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Society for British Entomology" pageId="31" pageNumber="164" pagination="1 - 48" part="12" refId="ref47744" refString="YARROW, I. H. H. 1955: The British ants allied to Formica rufa L. - Transactions of the Society for British Entomology 12: 1 - 48." title="The British ants allied to Formica rufa L" type="journal article" year="1955">YARROW (1955)</bibRefCitation>
’s diagnosis based on workers and gynes and kept silent regarding the male problem. J.W. Zetterstedt’s
<typeStatus box="[470,520,1585,1606]" pageId="31" pageNumber="164">type</typeStatus>
male is, according to
<bibRefCitation author="YARROW" box="[151,328,1616,1638]" firstAuthor="YARROW" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Society for British Entomology" pageId="31" pageNumber="164" pagination="1 - 48" part="12" refId="ref47744" refString="YARROW, I. H. H. 1955: The British ants allied to Formica rufa L. - Transactions of the Society for British Entomology 12: 1 - 48." title="The British ants allied to Formica rufa L" type="journal article" year="1955">YARROW (1955)</bibRefCitation>
, stored in
<collectionCode box="[452,524,1617,1638]" country="Sweden" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/nzgn-b6sw" name="Lunds Universitet, Zoologiska Institutionen" pageId="31" pageNumber="164">ZMLU</collectionCode>
Lund. If still present there, its identity can only be determined after a thorough, broad-based study on male characters at least in the Fennoscandian population of
<taxonomicName authorityName="ZETTERSTEDT" authorityYear="1838" box="[435,555,1713,1734]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lugubris">
<emphasis box="[435,555,1713,1734]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="164">F. lugubris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName box="[567,699,1713,1734]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aquilonia">
<emphasis box="[567,699,1713,1734]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="164">F. aquilonia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="truncorum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="164">F. truncorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
– at least it remains to be investigated if the differential characters proposed in the keys of
<bibRefCitation author="KUTTER" firstAuthor="KUTTER" journalOrPublisher="Fauna Insecta Helvetica" pageId="31" pageNumber="164" pagination="1 - 298" part="6" refId="ref46033" refString="KUTTER, H. 1977: Hymenoptera Formicidae. - Fauna Insecta Helvetica 6: 1 - 298." title="Hymenoptera Formicidae" type="journal article" year="1977">KUTTER (1977)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation author="CZECHOWSKI" bookContentInfo="496 pp." box="[274,541,1809,1831]" etAl="&amp; al." firstAuthor="CZECHOWSKI" journalOrPublisher="Natura optima dux Foundation, Warszawa" pageId="31" pageNumber="164" refId="ref45078" refString="CZECHOWSKI, W., FOREL, A., CZECHOWSKA, W. &amp; VEPSALAINEN, K. 2012: The ants of Poland with reference to the myrmecofauna of Europe. - Natura optima dux Foundation, Warszawa, 496 pp." title="The ants of Poland with reference to the myrmecofauna of Europe" type="book" year="2012">CZECHOWSKI &amp; al. (2012)</bibRefCitation>
for the Central European population do apply to the boreal populations of these species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

136
data/F5/2B/87/F52B87F65E29615EFF74DD2EFA891A38.xml Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5584838" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b9f36fb1-1c9d-4af8-96ca-d57973b94862" ID-GBIF-Taxon="192710737" ID-ISSN="1997-3500" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5584838" approvalRequired="1" checkinTime="1619623649741" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Seifert, Bernhard" docDate="2021" docId="F52B87F65E29615EFF74DD2EFA891A38" docLanguage="en" docName="myrmecNews.31_133-179_printable.pdf" docOrigin="Myrmecological News 31" docSource="http://zoobank.org/0e55c0d7-531a-48d7-a078-148b96bd461d" docTitle="Formica congerens NYLANDER 1846" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="164" masterDocId="0912FF8E5E366141FFC9DA41FF91193E" masterDocTitle="A taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic members of the Formica rufa group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) - the famous mound-building red wood ants" masterLastPageNumber="179" masterPageNumber="133" pageId="31" pageNumber="164" updateTime="1643400318318" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>A taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic members of the Formica rufa group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) - the famous mound-building red wood ants</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Seifert, Bernhard</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Myrmecological News</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2021-04-28</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>31</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>133</mods:start>
<mods:end>179</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://zoobank.org/0e55c0d7-531a-48d7-a078-148b96bd461d</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.25849/myrmecol.news_031:133</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">b9f36fb1-1c9d-4af8-96ca-d57973b94862</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1997-3500</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">5582216</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">0E55C0D7-531A-48D7-A078-148B96BD461D</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5584838" ID-GBIF-Taxon="192710737" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5584838" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F52B87F65E29615EFF74DD2EFA891A38" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F52B87F65E29615EFF74DD2EFA891A38" lastPageNumber="164" pageId="31" pageNumber="164">
<subSubSection box="[189,658,1903,1927]" pageId="31" pageNumber="164" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="31.[151,773,1201,2023]" box="[189,658,1903,1927]" pageId="31" pageNumber="164">
<treatmentCitation box="[189,658,1903,1927]" pageId="31" pageNumber="164">
<taxonomicName authority="NYLANDER, 1846" authorityName="NYLANDER" authorityYear="1846" box="[189,658,1903,1927]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="congerens">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[189,658,1903,1927]" pageId="31" pageNumber="164">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[189,440,1903,1927]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="164">Formica congerens</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="NYLANDER" box="[446,658,1904,1926]" firstAuthor="NYLANDER" journalOrPublisher="Acta Societatis Scientiarum Fennicae" pageId="31" pageNumber="164" pagination="875 - 944" part="2" refId="ref46210" refString="NYLANDER, W. 1846: Adnotationes in monographiam formicarum borealium Europae. - Acta Societatis Scientiarum Fennicae 2: 875 - 944." title="Adnotationes in monographiam formicarum borealium Europae" type="journal article" year="1846">NYLANDER, 1846</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection box="[151,771,1936,1959]" pageId="31" pageNumber="164" type="reference_group">
<paragraph blockId="31.[151,773,1201,2023]" box="[151,771,1936,1959]" pageId="31" pageNumber="164">
<treatmentCitation box="[151,555,1937,1959]" pageId="31" pageNumber="164">
<taxonomicName authority="NYLANDER, 1846" authorityName="NYLANDER" authorityYear="1846" box="[151,555,1937,1959]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="congerens">
<emphasis box="[151,364,1937,1958]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="164">Formica congerens</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="NYLANDER" box="[369,555,1937,1959]" firstAuthor="NYLANDER" journalOrPublisher="Acta Societatis Scientiarum Fennicae" pageId="31" pageNumber="164" pagination="875 - 944" part="2" refId="ref46210" refString="NYLANDER, W. 1846: Adnotationes in monographiam formicarum borealium Europae. - Acta Societatis Scientiarum Fennicae 2: 875 - 944." title="Adnotationes in monographiam formicarum borealium Europae" type="journal article" year="1846">NYLANDER, 1846</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
[
<typeStatus box="[566,616,1937,1958]" pageId="31" pageNumber="164">type</typeStatus>
investigation]
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="31" pageNumber="164" type="discussion">
<paragraph blockId="31.[151,773,1201,2023]" lastBlockId="31.[816,1437,177,2023]" pageId="31" pageNumber="164">
<bibRefCitation author="NYLANDER" box="[189,396,1969,1991]" firstAuthor="NYLANDER" journalOrPublisher="Acta Societatis Scientiarum Fennicae" pageId="31" pageNumber="164" pagination="875 - 944" part="2" refId="ref46210" refString="NYLANDER, W. 1846: Adnotationes in monographiam formicarum borealium Europae. - Acta Societatis Scientiarum Fennicae 2: 875 - 944." title="Adnotationes in monographiam formicarum borealium Europae" type="journal article" year="1846">NYLANDER (1846)</bibRefCitation>
described this species from the island Mjölön near Helsinki. Five
<typeStatus box="[527,625,2001,2022]" pageId="31" pageNumber="164">syntypes</typeStatus>
from
<collectionCode box="[693,771,2001,2022]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34795" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34795" name="Field Museum of Natural History" pageId="31" pageNumber="164" type="Museum">FMNH</collectionCode>
Helsinki were investigated. These were
<specimenCount box="[1256,1381,177,199]" pageId="31" pageNumber="164" type="worker">two worker</specimenCount>
<typeStatus pageId="31" pageNumber="164">syntypes</typeStatus>
on the same pin labelled “H:Fors \ W.
<collectingRegion box="[1280,1362,209,231]" country="Finland" name="Uusimaa" pageId="31" pageNumber="164">Nyland</collectingRegion>
. \ Coll.
<collectingRegion box="[816,895,241,263]" country="Finland" name="Uusimaa" pageId="31" pageNumber="164">Nyland</collectingRegion>
\
<taxonomicName authority="Nyl." authorityName="NYLANDER" authorityYear="1846" box="[917,1078,241,263]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="congerens">congerens Nyl.</taxonomicName>
\
<collectingRegion box="[1099,1150,241,262]" country="Turkey" name="Mus" pageId="31" pageNumber="164">Mus</collectingRegion>
. Zool. H:fors Spec. typ. No 5023
<taxonomicName authority="Nyl." authorityName="NYLANDER" authorityYear="1846" box="[877,1134,273,295]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="congerens">Formica congerens Nyl.</taxonomicName>
”, ZM Helsinki. In the upper specimen, petiole and gaster are missing. The lower specimen with
<collectionCode box="[923,953,337,358]" country="France" name="Musee des Dinosaures d'Esperaza (Aude)" pageId="31" pageNumber="164">CS</collectionCode>
<quantity box="[958,1053,337,359]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.06" pageId="31" pageNumber="164" unit="mm" value="2060.0">2060µm</quantity>
is designated herewith as
<typeStatus box="[1335,1436,337,359]" pageId="31" pageNumber="164">lectotype</typeStatus>
and the upper one with
<collectionCode box="[1077,1107,369,390]" country="France" name="Musee des Dinosaures d'Esperaza (Aude)" pageId="31" pageNumber="164">CS</collectionCode>
<quantity box="[1113,1206,369,391]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.152" pageId="31" pageNumber="164" unit="mm" value="2152.0">2152 µm</quantity>
is the
<typeStatus box="[1278,1433,369,391]" pageId="31" pageNumber="164">paralectotype</typeStatus>
. When run as wild-cards in the two-class LDA described in section “
<treatmentCitation box="[947,1333,433,454]" pageId="31" pageNumber="164">
<taxonomicName authority="RETZIUS, 1783" authorityName="RETZIUS" authorityYear="1783" box="[947,1333,433,454]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pratensis">
<emphasis box="[947,1160,433,454]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="164">Formica pratensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="RETZIUS" bookContentInfo="220 pp." box="[1168,1333,433,454]" firstAuthor="RETZIUS" journalOrPublisher="Lipsiae" pageId="31" pageNumber="164" refId="ref46339" refString="RETZIUS, A. J. 1783: Caroli de Geer. Genera et species insectorum e generosissimi auctoris scriptis extraxit, digessit, Latine quoad partem reddidit, et terminologiam insectorum Linneanam addidit. - Cruse, Lipsiae [= Leipzig], 220 pp." title="Caroli de Geer. Genera et species insectorum e generosissimi auctoris scriptis extraxit, digessit, Latine quoad partem reddidit, et terminologiam insectorum Linneanam addidit. - Cruse" type="book" year="1783">RETZIUS, 1783</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
” (p. 159) and separating
<taxonomicName authorityName="ZETTERSTEDT" authorityYear="1838" box="[993,1192,465,486]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lugubris">
<emphasis box="[993,1192,465,486]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="164">Formica lugubris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName authorityName="RETZIUS" authorityYear="1783" box="[1251,1385,465,486]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pratensis">
<emphasis box="[1251,1385,465,486]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="164">F. pratensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the
<typeStatus box="[816,917,497,519]" pageId="31" pageNumber="164">lectotype</typeStatus>
and
<typeStatus box="[974,1125,497,519]" pageId="31" pageNumber="164">paralectotype</typeStatus>
are classified as
<taxonomicName authorityName="ZETTERSTEDT" authorityYear="1838" box="[1315,1437,497,518]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lugubris">
<emphasis box="[1315,1437,497,518]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="164">F. lugubris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with posterior probabilities of p = 0.9921 and p = 1.0000. Three designated
<typeStatus box="[1025,1127,561,582]" pageId="31" pageNumber="164">syntypes</typeStatus>
(now
<typeStatus box="[1200,1370,561,583]" pageId="31" pageNumber="164">paralectotypes</typeStatus>
) on a second pin, with the lower specimen broken in two parts and badly glued on a card board, are labelled “
<collectingRegion box="[1322,1372,625,646]" country="Turkey" name="Mus" pageId="31" pageNumber="164">Mus</collectingRegion>
. Zool. H:fors Spec. typ. No 5022
<taxonomicName authority="Nyl." authorityName="NYLANDER" authorityYear="1846" box="[1098,1355,657,679]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="congerens">Formica congerens Nyl.</taxonomicName>
”. There is no label indicating the sampling site. The two undamaged specimens were clearly classified as
<taxonomicName authorityName="RETZIUS" authorityYear="1783" box="[1255,1382,721,742]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pratensis">
<emphasis box="[1255,1382,721,742]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="164">F. pratensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with posterior probabilities of 0.9998 and 0.9944.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

436
data/F5/2B/87/F52B87F65E2A615FFF74DB4EFF751FB9.xml Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,436 @@
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5584836" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b9f36fb1-1c9d-4af8-96ca-d57973b94862" ID-GBIF-Taxon="192710742" ID-ISSN="1997-3500" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5584836" approvalRequired="1" checkinTime="1619623649741" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Seifert, Bernhard" docDate="2021" docId="F52B87F65E2A615FFF74DB4EFF751FB9" docLanguage="en" docName="myrmecNews.31_133-179_printable.pdf" docOrigin="Myrmecological News 31" docSource="http://zoobank.org/0e55c0d7-531a-48d7-a078-148b96bd461d" docTitle="Formica nigropratensis BETREM 1962" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="163" masterDocId="0912FF8E5E366141FFC9DA41FF91193E" masterDocTitle="A taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic members of the Formica rufa group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) - the famous mound-building red wood ants" masterLastPageNumber="179" masterPageNumber="133" pageId="28" pageNumber="161" updateTime="1643400318318" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>A taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic members of the Formica rufa group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) - the famous mound-building red wood ants</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Seifert, Bernhard</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Myrmecological News</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2021-04-28</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>31</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>133</mods:start>
<mods:end>179</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://zoobank.org/0e55c0d7-531a-48d7-a078-148b96bd461d</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.25849/myrmecol.news_031:133</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">b9f36fb1-1c9d-4af8-96ca-d57973b94862</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1997-3500</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">5582216</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">0E55C0D7-531A-48D7-A078-148B96BD461D</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5584836" ID-GBIF-Taxon="192710742" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5584836" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F52B87F65E2A615FFF74DB4EFF751FB9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F52B87F65E2A615FFF74DB4EFF751FB9" lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="163" pageId="28" pageNumber="161">
<subSubSection box="[189,685,271,295]" pageId="28" pageNumber="161" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="28.[151,773,177,2023]" box="[189,685,271,295]" pageId="28" pageNumber="161">
<treatmentCitation box="[189,685,271,295]" pageId="28" pageNumber="161">
<taxonomicName authority="BETREM, 1962" authorityName="BETREM" authorityYear="1962" box="[189,685,271,295]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigropratensis">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[189,685,271,295]" pageId="28" pageNumber="161">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[189,501,271,295]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="161">Formica nigropratensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="BETREM" box="[507,685,273,294]" firstAuthor="BETREM" journalOrPublisher="Entomologische Berichten" pageId="28" pageNumber="161" pagination="38" part="22" refId="ref44900" refString="BETREM, J. G. 1962: Quelques remarques sur l'identitE de la Formica nigricans. - Entomologische Berichten 22: 38." title="Quelques remarques sur l'identitE de la Formica nigricans" type="journal article" year="1962">BETREM, 1962</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="28" pageNumber="161" type="reference_group">
<paragraph blockId="28.[151,773,177,2023]" pageId="28" pageNumber="161">
<treatmentCitation box="[151,580,305,327]" pageId="28" pageNumber="161">
<taxonomicName authority="BETREM, 1962" authorityName="BETREM" authorityYear="1962" box="[151,580,305,327]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigropratensis">
<emphasis box="[151,417,305,326]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="161">Formica nigropratensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="BETREM" box="[423,580,305,327]" firstAuthor="BETREM" journalOrPublisher="Entomologische Berichten" pageId="28" pageNumber="161" pagination="38" part="22" refId="ref44900" refString="BETREM, J. G. 1962: Quelques remarques sur l'identitE de la Formica nigricans. - Entomologische Berichten 22: 38." title="Quelques remarques sur l'identitE de la Formica nigricans" type="journal article" year="1962">BETREM, 1962</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
[unnecessary replacement name]
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="28.[151,773,177,2023]" pageId="28" pageNumber="161">
This new name is an objective junior synonym as it was referred by
<bibRefCitation author="BETREM" box="[340,514,401,423]" firstAuthor="BETREM" journalOrPublisher="Entomologische Berichten" pageId="28" pageNumber="161" pagination="38" part="22" refId="ref44900" refString="BETREM, J. G. 1962: Quelques remarques sur l'identitE de la Formica nigricans. - Entomologische Berichten 22: 38." title="Quelques remarques sur l'identitE de la Formica nigricans" type="journal article" year="1962">BETREM (1962)</bibRefCitation>
simultaneously to the available names
<treatmentCitation box="[329,669,432,456]" pageId="28" pageNumber="161">
<taxonomicName authority="STARCKE, 1947" authorityName="STARCKE" authorityYear="1947" box="[329,669,432,456]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thyssei">
<emphasis box="[329,504,433,454]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="161">Formica thyssei</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="STARCKE" box="[508,669,432,456]" firstAuthor="STARCKE" journalOrPublisher="Entomologische Berichten" pageId="28" pageNumber="161" pagination="144 - 146" part="12" refId="ref47363" refString="STARCKE, A. 1947: De boreale form van de roode boschmier (Formica rufa rufa) op de Hooge Veluwe. - Entomologische Berichten 12: 144 - 146." title="De boreale form van de roode boschmier (Formica rufa rufa) op de Hooge Veluwe" type="journal article" year="1947">STÄRCKE, 1947</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
,
<treatmentCitation pageId="28" pageNumber="161">
<taxonomicName authority="GOSSWALD, 1951" authorityName="GOSSWALD" authorityYear="1951" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pratensoides">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="161">Formica pratensoides</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="GOSSWALD" box="[307,498,464,488]" firstAuthor="GOSSWALD" journalOrPublisher="Zeitschrift fur Angewandte Entomologie" pageId="28" pageNumber="161" pagination="433 - 457" part="32" refId="ref45716" refString="GOSSWALD, K. 1951: Zur Biologie, Okologie und Morphologie einer neuen Varietat der Kleinen Roten Waldameise: Formica minor pratensoides. - Zeitschrift fur Angewandte Entomologie 32: 433 - 457." title="Zur Biologie, Okologie und Morphologie einer neuen Varietat der Kleinen Roten Waldameise: Formica minor pratensoides" type="journal article" year="1951">GÖSSWALD, 1951</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
, and
<treatmentCitation pageId="28" pageNumber="161">
<taxonomicName authority="BETREM, 1960" authorityName="BETREM" authorityYear="1960" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="staerckei">
<emphasis box="[562,771,465,486]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="161">Formica staerckei</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="BETREM" box="[151,312,497,519]" firstAuthor="BETREM" journalOrPublisher="Entomologische Berichten" pageId="28" pageNumber="161" pagination="130 - 134" part="20" refId="ref44876" refString="BETREM, J. G. 1960: Formica truncorum F. niet inheems. - Entomologische Berichten 20: 130 - 134." title="Formica truncorum F. niet inheems" type="journal article" year="1960">BETREM, 1960</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="28" pageNumber="161" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph blockId="28.[151,773,177,2023]" pageId="28" pageNumber="161">
All material examined. Numeric phenotypical data were recorded in 96 nest samples with
<specimenCount box="[637,771,561,583]" pageId="28" pageNumber="161" type="worker">331 workers</specimenCount>
and 21 gynes.
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F52B87F65E2A615FFF74DB4EFF751FB9:785D603B5E2A615DFEE6D810FEFE1B59" box="[303,367,593,615]" country="Bulgaria" county="Europe" municipality="Character" name="These" pageId="28" pageNumber="161">These</location>
originated from
<collectingCountry box="[546,639,593,615]" name="Bulgaria" pageId="28" pageNumber="161">Bulgaria</collectingCountry>
(seven samples), Czechia (one),
<collectingCountry box="[374,461,625,647]" name="Georgia" pageId="28" pageNumber="161">Georgia</collectingCountry>
(one),
<collectingCountry box="[534,620,625,647]" name="Finland" pageId="28" pageNumber="161">Finland</collectingCountry>
(two),
<collectingCountry box="[695,771,625,646]" name="France" pageId="28" pageNumber="161">France</collectingCountry>
(six),
<collectingCountry box="[212,314,657,678]" name="Germany" pageId="28" pageNumber="161">Germany</collectingCountry>
(37),
<collectingCountry box="[380,477,657,678]" name="Hungary" pageId="28" pageNumber="161">Hungary</collectingCountry>
(two),
<collectingCountry box="[553,603,657,679]" name="Italy" pageId="28" pageNumber="161">Italy</collectingCountry>
(one),
<collectingCountry name="Kazakhstan" pageId="28" pageNumber="161">Kazakhstan</collectingCountry>
(four),
<collectingCountry box="[286,413,689,710]" name="Kyrgyzstan" pageId="28" pageNumber="161">Kyrgyzstan</collectingCountry>
(three),
<collectingCountry box="[512,590,689,711]" name="Poland" pageId="28" pageNumber="161">Poland</collectingCountry>
(one),
<collectingCountry box="[669,770,689,711]" name="Romania" pageId="28" pageNumber="161">Romania</collectingCountry>
(two),
<collectingCountry box="[218,291,721,743]" name="Russia" pageId="28" pageNumber="161">Russia</collectingCountry>
(21),
<collectingCountry box="[350,435,721,743]" name="Sweden" pageId="28" pageNumber="161">Sweden</collectingCountry>
(seven), and
<collectingCountry box="[574,705,721,743]" name="Switzerland" pageId="28" pageNumber="161">Switzerland</collectingCountry>
(one).
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F52B87F65E2A615FFF74DB4EFF751FB9:785D603B5E2A615DFF5ED8B0FF2D1A38" box="[151,188,753,774]" country="Bulgaria" county="Europe" municipality="Character" name="For" pageId="28" pageNumber="161">For</location>
details, see SI1, SI2, and SI3.
<collectingMunicipality box="[521,629,753,775]" pageId="28" pageNumber="161">Character</collectingMunicipality>
recording in ethanol-stored material according to the former investigation protocol of
<bibRefCitation author="SEIFERT" box="[347,511,817,839]" firstAuthor="SEIFERT" journalOrPublisher="Entomologica Fennica" pageId="28" pageNumber="161" pagination="217 - 226" part="2" refId="ref46559" refString="SEIFERT, B. 1992: Formica nigricans EMERY, 1909 - an ecomorph of Formica pratensis RETZIUS, 1783 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). - Entomologica Fennica 2: 217 - 226." title="Formica nigricans EMERY, 1909 - an ecomorph of Formica pratensis RETZIUS, 1783 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)" type="journal article" year="1992">SEIFERT (1992)</bibRefCitation>
had been done until the year
<quantity box="[203,283,849,871]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.05714" pageId="28" pageNumber="161" unit="in" value="1991.0">1991 in</quantity>
224 nest samples with 1756 workers and 295 gynes originating from
<collectingCounty box="[408,492,881,902]" pageId="28" pageNumber="161">Europe</collectingCounty>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="28" pageNumber="161" type="distribution">
<paragraph blockId="28.[151,773,177,2023]" pageId="28" pageNumber="161">
Geographic range.
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F52B87F65E2A615FFF74DB4EFF751FB9:785D603B5E2A615DFE2DD9D0FDEA1A99" box="[484,635,913,935]" country="Spain" county="Alps" latitude="42.2" longLatPrecision="41528" longitude="104.0" municipality="In" name="Continuously" pageId="28" pageNumber="161">Continuously</location>
distributed through the temperate and submeridional zones of the
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F52B87F65E2A615FFF74DB4EFF751FB9:785D603B5E2A615DFF5ED990FE821AD9" box="[151,275,977,999]" country="Spain" county="Alps" latitude="42.2" longLatPrecision="41528" longitude="104.0" municipality="In" name="Palaearctic" pageId="28" pageNumber="161">Palaearctic</location>
, from
<collectingCountry box="[342,405,977,999]" name="Spain" pageId="28" pageNumber="161">Spain</collectingCountry>
(
<geoCoordinate box="[418,472,977,998]" degrees="9" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="28" pageNumber="161" precision="55555" value="-9.0">9° W</geoCoordinate>
) to
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F52B87F65E2A615FFF74DB4EFF751FB9:785D603B5E2A615DFE36D990FDDE1AD9" box="[511,591,977,999]" country="Spain" county="Alps" latitude="42.2" longLatPrecision="41528" longitude="104.0" municipality="In" name="Irkutsk" pageId="28" pageNumber="161">Irkutsk</location>
(
<geoCoordinate box="[603,676,977,998]" degrees="104" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="28" pageNumber="161" precision="55555" value="104.0">104° E</geoCoordinate>
) at least.
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F52B87F65E2A615FFF74DB4EFF751FB9:785D603B5E2A615DFF5ED9B0FE961D38" box="[151,263,1009,1030]" country="Spain" county="Alps" latitude="42.2" longLatPrecision="41528" longitude="104.0" municipality="In" name="In Europe" pageId="28" pageNumber="161">In Europe</location>
from
<geoCoordinate box="[332,397,1009,1030]" degrees="37" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="28" pageNumber="161" precision="55555" value="37.0">37° N</geoCoordinate>
(S
<collectingCountry box="[434,498,1009,1031]" name="Spain" pageId="28" pageNumber="161">Spain</collectingCountry>
) to
<geoCoordinate box="[542,627,1009,1031]" degrees="63.9" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="28" pageNumber="161" precision="5555" value="63.9">63.9° N</geoCoordinate>
(
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F52B87F65E2A615FFF74DB4EFF751FB9:785D603B5E2A615DFD48D9B0FF2C1D19" country="Spain" county="Alps" latitude="42.2" longLatPrecision="41528" longitude="104.0" municipality="In" name="Fennoscandia" pageId="28" pageNumber="161">Fennoscandia</location>
).
<collectingMunicipality box="[209,234,1041,1062]" pageId="28" pageNumber="161">In</collectingMunicipality>
the
<collectingCounty box="[286,336,1041,1063]" pageId="28" pageNumber="161">Alps</collectingCounty>
ascending to
<quantity box="[496,577,1040,1062]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="28" pageNumber="161" unit="m" value="1500.0">
<elevation box="[496,577,1040,1062]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="28" pageNumber="161" unit="m" value="1500.0">1500 m</elevation>
</quantity>
(
<geoCoordinate box="[593,683,1041,1063]" degrees="46.0" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="28" pageNumber="161" precision="5555" value="46.0">46.0° N</geoCoordinate>
), in the Pyrenees and
<collectingCountry box="[304,398,1073,1095]" name="Bulgaria" pageId="28" pageNumber="161">Bulgaria</collectingCountry>
to
<quantity box="[430,510,1073,1094]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="28" pageNumber="161" unit="m" value="1800.0">
<elevation box="[430,510,1073,1094]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="28" pageNumber="161" unit="m" value="1800.0">1800 m</elevation>
</quantity>
(
<geoCoordinate box="[523,588,1073,1094]" degrees="42" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="28" pageNumber="161" precision="55555" value="42.0">42° N</geoCoordinate>
), and in the Tian Shan to
<quantity box="[239,317,1105,1126]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" pageId="28" pageNumber="161" unit="m" value="2100.0">
<elevation box="[239,317,1105,1126]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" pageId="28" pageNumber="161" unit="m" value="2100.0">2100m</elevation>
</quantity>
(
<geoCoordinate box="[330,417,1105,1126]" degrees="42.2" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="28" pageNumber="161" precision="5555" value="42.2">42.2° N</geoCoordinate>
). Reports from higher elevations in Europe should be checked for confusion with
<taxonomicName authorityName="ZETTERSTEDT" authorityYear="1838" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lugubris">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="161">Formica lugubris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="28" pageNumber="161" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph blockId="28.[151,773,177,2023]" pageId="28" pageNumber="161">
Diagnosis of worker (
<tableCitation box="[542,655,1201,1223]" captionStart="Tab" captionStartId="13.[151,192,177,199]" captionTargetBox="[157,1429,288,1995]" captionTargetId="graphics-50@13.[150,1436,281,2018]" captionText="Tab.3: Workers of species similar to Formica pratensis and Formica lugubris; head size and RAV-corrected data for the assumption of each individual having a head size of 1750µm; data given as arithmetic mean ± standard deviation (lower extreme, upper extreme) number of individuals." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/29FD66685E3B614CFF5EDAF0FDB11839" pageId="28" pageNumber="161" tableUuid="29FD66685E3B614CFF5EDAF0FDB11839">Tabs. 3</tableCitation>
and
<tableCitation box="[745,759,1201,1222]" captionStart="Tab" captionStartId="14.[151,192,177,199]" captionTargetBox="[157,1428,288,1993]" captionTargetId="graphics-61@14.[151,1437,281,2018]" captionText="Tab.4: Workers of Formica aquilonia, Formica paralugubris, Formica aquilonia × paralugubris, and collected data of all Palaearctic phenotypes of Formica lugubris; head size and RAV-corrected data for the assumption of each individual having a head size of 1750µm; data given as arithmetic mean ± standard deviation (lower extreme, upper extreme) number of individuals." pageId="28" pageNumber="161">4</tableCitation>
,
<figureCitation box="[151,250,1233,1255]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="9.[151,197,1753,1775]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,170,1729]" captionTargetId="figure-11@9.[594,1146,882,1245]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figs.5-13: (5-ussu) Formica ussuriensis sp.n., worker, holotype, head. (6-ussu) Formica ussuriensis sp.n., worker, holotype, lateral.(7-ussu) Formica ussuriensis sp.n., gyne, head; note the more trapezoid headshape.(8-aqui) Formica aquilonia, gyne, head; note the more rounded head shape.(9-prat) Formica pratensis, worker, neotype, head; note the more reticulate microsculpture of central vertex compared with Formica lugubris (Figs.14, 15), producing a matt surface appearance.(10-prat) Formica pratensis, worker, neotype, lateral aspect. (11-prat) Formica pratensis, gyne, P morph, lateral; almost no setae on head, mesosoma, and first gaster tergite. (12-prat) Formica pratensis, gyne, N morph, lateral; many setae on head, mesosoma, and first gaster tergite. (13-kupy) Formica kupyanskayae, gyne, head." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5582236" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5582236/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="161">Figs. 9</figureCitation>
and
<figureCitation box="[336,367,1233,1254]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="9.[151,197,1753,1775]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,170,1729]" captionTargetId="figure-11@9.[594,1146,882,1245]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figs.5-13: (5-ussu) Formica ussuriensis sp.n., worker, holotype, head. (6-ussu) Formica ussuriensis sp.n., worker, holotype, lateral.(7-ussu) Formica ussuriensis sp.n., gyne, head; note the more trapezoid headshape.(8-aqui) Formica aquilonia, gyne, head; note the more rounded head shape.(9-prat) Formica pratensis, worker, neotype, head; note the more reticulate microsculpture of central vertex compared with Formica lugubris (Figs.14, 15), producing a matt surface appearance.(10-prat) Formica pratensis, worker, neotype, lateral aspect. (11-prat) Formica pratensis, gyne, P morph, lateral; almost no setae on head, mesosoma, and first gaster tergite. (12-prat) Formica pratensis, gyne, N morph, lateral; many setae on head, mesosoma, and first gaster tergite. (13-kupy) Formica kupyanskayae, gyne, head." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5582236" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5582236/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="161">10</figureCitation>
, key). Dimorphic, with P and N morphs frequently occurring within the same nest. According to the data of
<bibRefCitation author="SEIFERT" box="[397,565,1297,1319]" firstAuthor="SEIFERT" journalOrPublisher="Entomologica Fennica" pageId="28" pageNumber="161" pagination="217 - 226" part="2" refId="ref46559" refString="SEIFERT, B. 1992: Formica nigricans EMERY, 1909 - an ecomorph of Formica pratensis RETZIUS, 1783 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). - Entomologica Fennica 2: 217 - 226." title="Formica nigricans EMERY, 1909 - an ecomorph of Formica pratensis RETZIUS, 1783 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)" type="journal article" year="1992">SEIFERT (1992)</bibRefCitation>
, then measured in ethanol-stored specimens, the less hairy P-morph had nCH 17.9 ± 5.7, OccHL 103 ±
<quantity box="[476,545,1360,1382]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="28" pageNumber="161" unit="mm" value="25.0">25 µm</quantity>
, nHT 17.8 ± 5.7, and
<collectionCode box="[151,181,1393,1414]" country="France" name="Musee des Dinosaures d'Esperaza (Aude)" pageId="28" pageNumber="161">CS</collectionCode>
1820 ± 220 (1050, 2250) µm in
<specimenCount box="[539,677,1393,1415]" pageId="28" pageNumber="161" type="worker">962 workers</specimenCount>
, and the hairier N-morph nCH 28.2 ± 6.4, OccHL 132 ±
<quantity box="[696,767,1425,1446]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="28" pageNumber="161" unit="mm" value="20.0">20 µm</quantity>
, nHT 25.1 ± 5.1 and
<collectionCode box="[388,419,1457,1478]" country="France" name="Musee des Dinosaures d'Esperaza (Aude)" pageId="28" pageNumber="161">CS</collectionCode>
1770 ± 220 (1040 - 2180) µm in
<specimenCount box="[181,322,1489,1511]" pageId="28" pageNumber="161" type="worker">794 workers</specimenCount>
. Large species; mean and maximum
<collectionCode box="[741,771,1489,1510]" country="France" name="Musee des Dinosaures d'Esperaza (Aude)" pageId="28" pageNumber="161">CS</collectionCode>
over all social
<typeStatus box="[318,379,1521,1542]" pageId="28" pageNumber="161">types</typeStatus>
and both morphs in dry mounted specimens (with slight bias to selecting larger specimens) 1819 and
<quantity box="[262,360,1585,1606]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.239" pageId="28" pageNumber="161" unit="mm" value="2239.0">2239 µm</quantity>
. Head elongated, CL / CW
<subScript attach="left" box="[660,698,1594,1608]" fontSize="6" pageId="28" pageNumber="161">1750</subScript>
1.111. Scape much longer and slender than in
<taxonomicName authority=", SL" authorityName="SL" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lugubris">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="161">Formica lugubris</emphasis>
, SL
</taxonomicName>
/
<collectionCode box="[260,289,1649,1670]" country="France" name="Musee des Dinosaures d'Esperaza (Aude)" pageId="28" pageNumber="161">CS</collectionCode>
<subScript attach="left" box="[290,328,1658,1672]" fontSize="6" pageId="28" pageNumber="161">1750</subScript>
0.927, SL / Smax
<subScript attach="left" box="[518,556,1658,1672]" fontSize="6" pageId="28" pageNumber="161">1750</subScript>
10.66. Petiole scale clearly narrower than in
<taxonomicName box="[424,544,1681,1702]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lugubris">
<emphasis box="[424,544,1681,1702]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="161">F. lugubris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, PeW /
<collectionCode box="[630,659,1681,1702]" country="France" name="Musee des Dinosaures d'Esperaza (Aude)" pageId="28" pageNumber="161">CS</collectionCode>
<subScript attach="left" box="[659,697,1690,1704]" fontSize="6" pageId="28" pageNumber="161">1750</subScript>
0.453. Setae number and length extremely variable but even in the least hairy phenotypes larger than in
<taxonomicName authorityName="LINNAEUS" authorityYear="1761" box="[614,763,1745,1766]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufa">
<emphasis box="[614,763,1745,1766]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="161">Formica rufa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; separation from
<taxonomicName box="[343,468,1777,1798]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lugubris">
<emphasis box="[343,468,1777,1798]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="161">F. lugubris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by seta characters impossible due to extreme setae polymorphism also in this species; for variance of setae data, see
<tableCitation box="[598,692,1841,1863]" captionStart="Tab" captionStartId="13.[151,192,177,199]" captionTargetBox="[157,1429,288,1995]" captionTargetId="graphics-50@13.[150,1436,281,2018]" captionText="Tab.3: Workers of species similar to Formica pratensis and Formica lugubris; head size and RAV-corrected data for the assumption of each individual having a head size of 1750µm; data given as arithmetic mean ± standard deviation (lower extreme, upper extreme) number of individuals." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/29FD66685E3B614CFF5EDAF0FDB11839" pageId="28" pageNumber="161" tableUuid="29FD66685E3B614CFF5EDAF0FDB11839">Tables 3</tableCitation>
and
<tableCitation box="[750,766,1841,1862]" captionStart="Tab" captionStartId="14.[151,192,177,199]" captionTargetBox="[157,1428,288,1993]" captionTargetId="graphics-61@14.[151,1437,281,2018]" captionText="Tab.4: Workers of Formica aquilonia, Formica paralugubris, Formica aquilonia × paralugubris, and collected data of all Palaearctic phenotypes of Formica lugubris; head size and RAV-corrected data for the assumption of each individual having a head size of 1750µm; data given as arithmetic mean ± standard deviation (lower extreme, upper extreme) number of individuals." pageId="28" pageNumber="161">4</tableCitation>
. All body surfaces except the frontal triangle matt due to developed microsculpture. The blackish patch on promesonotum is often larger than on average seen in other species and is often sharply demarcated from the reddish surface.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="28.[816,1437,177,2023]" pageId="28" pageNumber="161">
Diagnosis of gyne (
<tableCitation box="[1156,1242,177,199]" captionStart="Tab" captionStartId="16.[151,191,177,199]" captionTargetBox="[158,1429,256,2005]" captionTargetId="graphics-28@16.[151,1437,249,2018]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Tab.6: Gynes of species and hybrids with sparse pilosity; data given as arithmetic mean ± standard deviation (lower extreme, upper extreme) number of individuals." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/29FD66685E266151FF5EDAF0FDB119D9" pageId="28" pageNumber="161">Tab. 6</tableCitation>
;
<figureCitation box="[1270,1367,177,199]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[816,852,1361,1383]" captionTargetBox="[816,1436,865,1341]" captionTargetId="figure-2@6.[816,1436,865,1341]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig.4: Formica pratensis, gyne; paramedian surface of the dorsum of first gaster tergite. The strength of transverse mi- croripples is at maximum within the Formica rufa group and pubescence density comparable with Formica lugubris." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5582230" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5582230/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="161">Figs. 4</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation box="[1395,1426,177,198]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="9.[151,197,1753,1775]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,170,1729]" captionTargetId="figure-11@9.[594,1146,882,1245]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figs.5-13: (5-ussu) Formica ussuriensis sp.n., worker, holotype, head. (6-ussu) Formica ussuriensis sp.n., worker, holotype, lateral.(7-ussu) Formica ussuriensis sp.n., gyne, head; note the more trapezoid headshape.(8-aqui) Formica aquilonia, gyne, head; note the more rounded head shape.(9-prat) Formica pratensis, worker, neotype, head; note the more reticulate microsculpture of central vertex compared with Formica lugubris (Figs.14, 15), producing a matt surface appearance.(10-prat) Formica pratensis, worker, neotype, lateral aspect. (11-prat) Formica pratensis, gyne, P morph, lateral; almost no setae on head, mesosoma, and first gaster tergite. (12-prat) Formica pratensis, gyne, N morph, lateral; many setae on head, mesosoma, and first gaster tergite. (13-kupy) Formica kupyanskayae, gyne, head." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5582236" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5582236/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="161">11</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation box="[816,848,209,230]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="9.[151,197,1753,1775]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,170,1729]" captionTargetId="figure-11@9.[594,1146,882,1245]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figs.5-13: (5-ussu) Formica ussuriensis sp.n., worker, holotype, head. (6-ussu) Formica ussuriensis sp.n., worker, holotype, lateral.(7-ussu) Formica ussuriensis sp.n., gyne, head; note the more trapezoid headshape.(8-aqui) Formica aquilonia, gyne, head; note the more rounded head shape.(9-prat) Formica pratensis, worker, neotype, head; note the more reticulate microsculpture of central vertex compared with Formica lugubris (Figs.14, 15), producing a matt surface appearance.(10-prat) Formica pratensis, worker, neotype, lateral aspect. (11-prat) Formica pratensis, gyne, P morph, lateral; almost no setae on head, mesosoma, and first gaster tergite. (12-prat) Formica pratensis, gyne, N morph, lateral; many setae on head, mesosoma, and first gaster tergite. (13-kupy) Formica kupyanskayae, gyne, head." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5582236" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5582236/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="161">12</figureCitation>
). Dimorphic, P- and N-morphs frequently occurring within the same nest, and more clearly separable than workers. According to the data of
<bibRefCitation author="SEIFERT" box="[1203,1375,273,295]" firstAuthor="SEIFERT" journalOrPublisher="Entomologica Fennica" pageId="28" pageNumber="161" pagination="217 - 226" part="2" refId="ref46559" refString="SEIFERT, B. 1992: Formica nigricans EMERY, 1909 - an ecomorph of Formica pratensis RETZIUS, 1783 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). - Entomologica Fennica 2: 217 - 226." title="Formica nigricans EMERY, 1909 - an ecomorph of Formica pratensis RETZIUS, 1783 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)" type="journal article" year="1992">SEIFERT (1992)</bibRefCitation>
, then measured in ethanol-stored specimens, the less hairy P-morph had nCH 0.2 ± 0.8, OccHL 30 ±
<quantity box="[1267,1336,337,358]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="28" pageNumber="161" unit="mm" value="20.0">20µm</quantity>
, nHT 0.6 ± 1.0, and
<collectionCode box="[937,967,369,390]" country="France" name="Musee des Dinosaures d'Esperaza (Aude)" pageId="28" pageNumber="161">CS</collectionCode>
2290 ± 80 (2090, 2511) µm in 172 gynes, and the hairier N-morph nCH 16.2 ± 14.1, OccHL 218 ±
<quantity box="[816,886,433,454]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.2" pageId="28" pageNumber="161" unit="mm" value="82.0">82 µm</quantity>
, nHT 8.4 ± 4.3, and
<collectionCode box="[1121,1151,433,454]" country="France" name="Musee des Dinosaures d'Esperaza (Aude)" pageId="28" pageNumber="161">CS</collectionCode>
2250 ± 70 (2040 - 2400) µm in 123 gynes. Large; mean and maximum
<collectionCode box="[1319,1349,465,486]" country="France" name="Musee des Dinosaures d'Esperaza (Aude)" pageId="28" pageNumber="161">CS</collectionCode>
over all social
<typeStatus box="[887,947,497,518]" pageId="28" pageNumber="161">types</typeStatus>
and both morphs in 21 mounted specimens 2296 and
<quantity box="[925,1021,529,550]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.432" pageId="28" pageNumber="161" unit="mm" value="2432.0">2432 µm</quantity>
. Head moderately elongated, CL / CW 1.024. Scape much longer and more slender than in species related to
<taxonomicName authorityName="LINNAEUS" authorityYear="1761" box="[929,1078,593,614]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufa">
<emphasis box="[929,1078,593,614]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="161">Formica rufa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName box="[1092,1299,593,614]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aquilonia">
<emphasis box="[1092,1299,593,614]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="161">Formica aquilonia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, or
<taxonomicName authority=", SL" authorityName="SL" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lugubris">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="161">Formica lugubris</emphasis>
, SL
</taxonomicName>
/
<collectionCode box="[986,1016,625,646]" country="France" name="Musee des Dinosaures d'Esperaza (Aude)" pageId="28" pageNumber="161">CS</collectionCode>
0.853, SL / Smax 9.75. Petiole scale relatively narrow, PeW /
<collectionCode box="[1085,1115,657,678]" country="France" name="Musee des Dinosaures d'Esperaza (Aude)" pageId="28" pageNumber="161">CS</collectionCode>
0.628. Strong pilosity dimorphism: setae number, distribution, and length extremely variable (
<bibRefCitation author="SEIFERT" box="[917,1067,721,743]" firstAuthor="SEIFERT" journalOrPublisher="Entomologica Fennica" pageId="28" pageNumber="161" pagination="217 - 226" part="2" refId="ref46559" refString="SEIFERT, B. 1992: Formica nigricans EMERY, 1909 - an ecomorph of Formica pratensis RETZIUS, 1783 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). - Entomologica Fennica 2: 217 - 226." title="Formica nigricans EMERY, 1909 - an ecomorph of Formica pratensis RETZIUS, 1783 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)" type="journal article" year="1992">SEIFERT 1992</bibRefCitation>
). Setae on eyes always present and rather long to very long, EyeHL
<quantity box="[1153,1269,753,775]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.6" metricValueMax="8.6" metricValueMin="4.6" pageId="28" pageNumber="161" unit="mm" value="66.0" valueMax="86.0" valueMin="46.0">46 - 86µm</quantity>
. The least hairy gynes of the P-morph have no setae on posterior margin of head, scape, scutellum, propodeum, petiole scale above spiracle, frontal face of first gaster tergite, and extensor profile of hind tibiae. The hairiest gynes of the N-morph have an extremely rich pilosity on nearly all body surfaces with seta length reaching
<quantity box="[1088,1167,944,966]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.529999999999999" pageId="28" pageNumber="161" unit="mm" value="453.0">453µm</quantity>
on scutellum and
<quantity box="[1357,1437,945,966]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.32" pageId="28" pageNumber="161" unit="mm" value="432.0">432µm</quantity>
on frontal face of first gaster tergite.All body surfaces, with exception of the frontal triangle, matt due to developed microsculpture. At magnifications&gt; 100x, the dorsum of gaster tergites shows strong transverse microripples and a dense pubescence; sqPDG 4.0 ± 0.5.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="28" pageNumber="161" type="discussion">
<paragraph blockId="28.[816,1437,177,2023]" pageId="28" pageNumber="161">
<collectionCode box="[854,1007,1137,1159]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="28" pageNumber="161">Taxonomic</collectionCode>
comments and clustering results. Combining big size, a long and slender scape, hairy eyes, and dense transverse microripples on gaster tergites, gynes are easily separable from any species except for the East Palaearctic sister species
<taxonomicName box="[1166,1437,1265,1286]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kupyanskayae">
<emphasis box="[1166,1437,1265,1286]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="161">Formica kupyanskayae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(for identification, see section “
<taxonomicName box="[1168,1436,1297,1318]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kupyanskayae">
<emphasis box="[1168,1436,1297,1318]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="161">Formica kupyanskayae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation author="BOLTON" bookContentInfo="504 pp." box="[816,968,1328,1350]" firstAuthor="BOLTON" journalOrPublisher="Harvard University Press, Cambridge &amp; London, UK" pageId="28" pageNumber="161" refId="ref44924" refString="BOLTON, B. 1995: A new general catalogue of the ants of the world. - Harvard University Press, Cambridge &amp; London, UK, 504 pp." title="A new general catalogue of the ants of the world" type="book" year="1995">
<collectingRegion box="[816,905,1329,1350]" country="United Kingdom" name="Bolton" pageId="28" pageNumber="161">BOLTON</collectingRegion>
, 1995
</bibRefCitation>
”, p. 163). Separation of
<taxonomicName authorityName="RETZIUS" authorityYear="1783" box="[1231,1436,1329,1350]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pratensis">
<emphasis box="[1231,1436,1329,1350]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="161">Formica pratensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
workers from those of
<taxonomicName box="[1058,1251,1361,1382]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lugubris">
<emphasis box="[1058,1251,1361,1382]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="161">Formica lugubris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is safely possible throughout the Palaearctic range using the characters
<collectionCode box="[816,849,1425,1446]" country="France" name="Musee des Dinosaures d'Esperaza (Aude)" pageId="28" pageNumber="161">CS</collectionCode>
, CL / CW
<subScript attach="left" box="[951,989,1434,1448]" fontSize="6" pageId="28" pageNumber="161">1750</subScript>
, SL /
<collectionCode box="[1051,1080,1425,1446]" country="France" name="Musee des Dinosaures d'Esperaza (Aude)" pageId="28" pageNumber="161">CS</collectionCode>
<subScript attach="left" box="[1080,1118,1434,1448]" fontSize="6" pageId="28" pageNumber="161">1750</subScript>
, SL / Smax
<subScript attach="left" box="[1241,1279,1434,1448]" fontSize="6" pageId="28" pageNumber="161">1750</subScript>
, PeW /
<collectionCode box="[1362,1391,1425,1446]" country="France" name="Musee des Dinosaures d'Esperaza (Aude)" pageId="28" pageNumber="161">CS</collectionCode>
<subScript attach="left" box="[1391,1429,1434,1448]" fontSize="6" pageId="28" pageNumber="161">1750</subScript>
, nSc
<subScript attach="left" box="[856,894,1466,1480]" fontSize="6" pageId="28" pageNumber="161">1750</subScript>
, nCH
<subScript attach="right" box="[960,998,1466,1480]" fontSize="6" pageId="28" pageNumber="161">1750</subScript>
, OccHL
<subScript attach="left" box="[1089,1127,1466,1480]" fontSize="6" pageId="28" pageNumber="161">1750</subScript>
, mPnHL
<subScript attach="left" box="[1230,1268,1466,1480]" fontSize="6" pageId="28" pageNumber="161">1750</subScript>
, nMet
<subScript attach="left" box="[1341,1379,1466,1480]" fontSize="6" pageId="28" pageNumber="161">1750</subScript>
, and MetHL
<subScript attach="right" box="[895,933,1498,1512]" fontSize="6" pageId="28" pageNumber="161">1750</subScript>
. Exploratory data analyses considering these characters could clearly distinguish 225 nest samples with 1059 workers of
<taxonomicName box="[1062,1186,1553,1574]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lugubris">
<emphasis box="[1062,1186,1553,1574]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="161">F. lugubris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from 77 nest samples with
<specimenCount box="[876,1017,1585,1607]" pageId="28" pageNumber="161" type="worker">266 workers</specimenCount>
of
<taxonomicName authorityName="RETZIUS" authorityYear="1783" box="[1055,1191,1585,1606]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pratensis">
<emphasis box="[1055,1191,1585,1606]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="161">F. pratensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Classification errors were 0.6% in NC-part.hclust, 0% in both NC-part.kmeans and NC-Ward (
<figureCitation box="[984,1059,1649,1671]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="29.[151,186,1905,1927]" captionTargetBox="[156,1337,220,1870]" captionTargetId="graphics-5@29.[379,1338,435,1869]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="Fig.28: Classification by three variants of NC-clustering of 225 nest samples of workers of Formica lugubris (black bars) and 76 nest samples of Formica pratensis (grey bars). The mean error of three analyses is 0.2%. Ten phenotypic characters were considered. The small, well separated sub-branch in the F. lugubris cluster represents Fennoscandian nest samples containing exclusively Hippie morph workers." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5582269" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5582269/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="161">Fig. 28</figureCitation>
), and 2% in a PCA. Separation on individual level by an LDA was also very strong with only 1.6% misclassification in 1325 worker individuals.Yet, the separation of the two clusters in two-dimensional plots of LDA and PCA was not strong enough to allow conclusions on recent hybrid samples. For repeated hybridization of the two species in the past, see section “Hybrids
<taxonomicName authorityName="RETZIUS" authorityYear="1783" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pratensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="161">Formica pratensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
×
<emphasis box="[948,1052,1873,1894]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="161">
<taxonomicName box="[948,1043,1873,1894]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lugubris">lugubris</taxonomicName>
”
</emphasis>
(p. 174).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="163" pageId="28" pageNumber="161" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="28.[816,1437,177,2023]" pageId="28" pageNumber="161">
The strong dimorphism in
<taxonomicName authorityName="RETZIUS" authorityYear="1783" box="[1148,1351,1905,1926]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pratensis">
<emphasis box="[1148,1351,1905,1926]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="161">Formica pratensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is most apparent in gynes. A re-analysis of the data of
<bibRefCitation author="SEIFERT" firstAuthor="SEIFERT" journalOrPublisher="Entomologica Fennica" pageId="28" pageNumber="161" pagination="217 - 226" part="2" refId="ref46559" refString="SEIFERT, B. 1992: Formica nigricans EMERY, 1909 - an ecomorph of Formica pratensis RETZIUS, 1783 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). - Entomologica Fennica 2: 217 - 226." title="Formica nigricans EMERY, 1909 - an ecomorph of Formica pratensis RETZIUS, 1783 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)" type="journal article" year="1992">SEIFERT (1992)</bibRefCitation>
consisting of the 11 characters head width and number and maximum length of setae on posterior
</paragraph>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5582269" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5582269" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5582269/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="162" startId="29.[151,186,1905,1927]" targetBox="[156,1337,220,1870]" targetPageId="29">
<paragraph blockId="29.[151,1436,1905,2023]" pageId="29" pageNumber="162">
Fig.28: Classification by three variants of NC-clustering of 225 nest samples of workers of
<taxonomicName box="[1083,1263,1905,1926]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="162" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lugubris">
<emphasis box="[1083,1263,1905,1926]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="162">Formica lugubris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(black bars) and 76 nest samples of
<taxonomicName authorityName="RETZIUS" authorityYear="1783" box="[349,540,1937,1958]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="162" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pratensis">
<emphasis box="[349,540,1937,1958]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="162">Formica pratensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(grey bars). The mean error of three analyses is 0.2%. Ten phenotypic characters were considered. The small, well separated sub-branch in the
<taxonomicName box="[725,836,1969,1990]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="162" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lugubris">
<emphasis box="[725,836,1969,1990]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="162">F. lugubris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
cluster represents Fennoscandian nest samples containing exclusively Hippie morph workers.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5582273" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5582273" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5582273/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="163" startId="30.[151,187,657,679]" targetBox="[158,764,176,649]" targetPageId="30">
<paragraph blockId="30.[151,771,657,807]" pageId="30" pageNumber="163">
Fig.29: Principal component analysis of polymorphism in 295 gynes of
<taxonomicName authorityName="RETZIUS" authorityYear="1783" box="[289,480,689,710]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="163" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pratensis">
<emphasis box="[289,480,689,710]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="163">Formica pratensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The P-morph with reduced setae (white dots) is clearly separated from the strongly haired N-morph (black rhombs). Eleven phenotypic characters were considered.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph blockId="30.[151,771,849,1671]" pageId="30" pageNumber="163">
margin of head, scutellum, extensor part of hind tibia, propodeum, and frontal face of first gaster tergite was performed here. As result, the setae-reduced P-morph and the hairy N-morph can be clearly clustered in a PCA after logarithmic transformation of the raw data (
<figureCitation box="[636,712,977,999]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="30.[151,187,657,679]" captionTargetBox="[158,764,176,649]" captionTargetId="graphics-1012@30.[198,764,176,606]" captionText="Fig.29: Principal component analysis of polymorphism in 295 gynes of Formica pratensis. The P-morph with reduced setae (white dots) is clearly separated from the strongly haired N-morph (black rhombs). Eleven phenotypic characters were considered." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5582273" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5582273/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="163">Fig. 29</figureCitation>
). The low percentage of doubtful (or intermediate) specimens is also indicated by the LDA that classified only 2.4% of 295 gynes with posterior probabilities &lt;0.95. Clear arguments against considering the P-and N-morph as separate species are provided by the presence of both morphs in 21.6% of 37 nest samples and simultaneous observation of sexuals of both morphs at the same mating places (
<bibRefCitation author="SEIFERT" box="[241,402,1233,1255]" firstAuthor="SEIFERT" journalOrPublisher="Entomologica Fennica" pageId="30" pageNumber="163" pagination="217 - 226" part="2" refId="ref46559" refString="SEIFERT, B. 1992: Formica nigricans EMERY, 1909 - an ecomorph of Formica pratensis RETZIUS, 1783 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). - Entomologica Fennica 2: 217 - 226." title="Formica nigricans EMERY, 1909 - an ecomorph of Formica pratensis RETZIUS, 1783 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)" type="journal article" year="1992">SEIFERT 1992</bibRefCitation>
). The same author also showed that phenotype dimorphism is correlated with ecological adaptations. He explained the demonstrated statistical differences in geographical distribution along a thermal gradient by selection of genotypes with differing climatic adaptations. According to
<bibRefCitation author="SEIFERT" box="[426,587,1393,1415]" firstAuthor="SEIFERT" journalOrPublisher="Entomologica Fennica" pageId="30" pageNumber="163" pagination="217 - 226" part="2" refId="ref46559" refString="SEIFERT, B. 1992: Formica nigricans EMERY, 1909 - an ecomorph of Formica pratensis RETZIUS, 1783 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). - Entomologica Fennica 2: 217 - 226." title="Formica nigricans EMERY, 1909 - an ecomorph of Formica pratensis RETZIUS, 1783 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)" type="journal article" year="1992">SEIFERT (1992)</bibRefCitation>
, the P-morph differs from the N-morph by the following traits: It constructs clearly flatter mounds for equal insolation conditions and goes to higher altitudes and latitudes. In
<collectingCountry box="[619,724,1489,1510]" name="Germany" pageId="30" pageNumber="163">Germany</collectingCountry>
, the P-morph is rarer than the N-morph in dry habitats with typical Mediterranean elements but is more frequent than the N-morph on loamy soils.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="30" pageNumber="163" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph blockId="30.[151,771,849,1671]" pageId="30" pageNumber="163">
Biology. See the species profile given by
<bibRefCitation author="SEIFERT" bookContentInfo="408 pp." firstAuthor="SEIFERT" journalOrPublisher="Lutra Verlags- und Vertriebsgesellschaft, Tauer" pageId="30" pageNumber="163" refId="ref46930" refString="SEIFERT, B. 2018: The ants of Central and North Europe. - Lutra Verlags- und Vertriebsgesellschaft, Tauer, 408 pp." title="The ants of Central and North Europe" type="book" year="2018">SEIFERT (2018)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

117
data/F5/2B/87/F52B87F65E2C615AFCF9DC1FFD5818D9.xml Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5584836" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b9f36fb1-1c9d-4af8-96ca-d57973b94862" ID-GBIF-Taxon="192710738" ID-ISSN="1997-3500" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5584836" approvalRequired="1" checkinTime="1619623649741" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Seifert, Bernhard" docDate="2021" docId="F52B87F65E2C615AFCF9DC1FFD5818D9" docLanguage="en" docName="myrmecNews.31_133-179_printable.pdf" docOrigin="Myrmecological News 31" docSource="http://zoobank.org/0e55c0d7-531a-48d7-a078-148b96bd461d" docTitle="Formica pratensis RETZIUS 1783" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="159" masterDocId="0912FF8E5E366141FFC9DA41FF91193E" masterDocTitle="A taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic members of the Formica rufa group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) - the famous mound-building red wood ants" masterLastPageNumber="179" masterPageNumber="133" pageId="26" pageNumber="159" updateTime="1643400318318" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>A taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic members of the Formica rufa group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) - the famous mound-building red wood ants</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Seifert, Bernhard</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Myrmecological News</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2021-04-28</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>31</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>133</mods:start>
<mods:end>179</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://zoobank.org/0e55c0d7-531a-48d7-a078-148b96bd461d</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.25849/myrmecol.news_031:133</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">b9f36fb1-1c9d-4af8-96ca-d57973b94862</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1997-3500</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">5582216</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">0E55C0D7-531A-48D7-A078-148B96BD461D</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5584836" ID-GBIF-Taxon="192710738" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5584836" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F52B87F65E2C615AFCF9DC1FFD5818D9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F52B87F65E2C615AFCF9DC1FFD5818D9" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="159" pageId="26" pageNumber="159">
<subSubSection box="[816,1322,1630,1658]" pageId="26" pageNumber="159" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="26.[816,1322,1630,1658]" box="[816,1322,1630,1658]" pageId="26" pageNumber="159">
<heading bold="true" box="[816,1322,1630,1658]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="26" pageNumber="159" reason="0">
<treatmentCitation box="[816,1322,1630,1658]" pageId="26" pageNumber="159">
<taxonomicName authority="RETZIUS, 1783" authorityName="RETZIUS" authorityYear="1783" box="[816,1322,1630,1658]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pratensis">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[816,1322,1630,1658]" pageId="26" pageNumber="159">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[816,1101,1630,1658]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="159">Formica pratensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="RETZIUS" bookContentInfo="220 pp." box="[1108,1322,1631,1658]" firstAuthor="RETZIUS" journalOrPublisher="Lipsiae" pageId="26" pageNumber="159" refId="ref46339" refString="RETZIUS, A. J. 1783: Caroli de Geer. Genera et species insectorum e generosissimi auctoris scriptis extraxit, digessit, Latine quoad partem reddidit, et terminologiam insectorum Linneanam addidit. - Cruse, Lipsiae [= Leipzig], 220 pp." title="Caroli de Geer. Genera et species insectorum e generosissimi auctoris scriptis extraxit, digessit, Latine quoad partem reddidit, et terminologiam insectorum Linneanam addidit. - Cruse" type="book" year="1783">RETZIUS, 1783</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="26" pageNumber="159" type="reference_group">
<paragraph blockId="26.[816,1438,1681,2023]" pageId="26" pageNumber="159">
<treatmentCitation pageId="26" pageNumber="159">
<taxonomicName authority="RETZIUS, 1783" authorityName="RETZIUS" authorityYear="1783" box="[816,1215,1681,1702]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pratensis">
<emphasis box="[816,1035,1681,1702]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="159">Formica pratensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="RETZIUS" bookContentInfo="220 pp." box="[1045,1215,1681,1702]" firstAuthor="RETZIUS" journalOrPublisher="Lipsiae" pageId="26" pageNumber="159" refId="ref46339" refString="RETZIUS, A. J. 1783: Caroli de Geer. Genera et species insectorum e generosissimi auctoris scriptis extraxit, digessit, Latine quoad partem reddidit, et terminologiam insectorum Linneanam addidit. - Cruse, Lipsiae [= Leipzig], 220 pp." title="Caroli de Geer. Genera et species insectorum e generosissimi auctoris scriptis extraxit, digessit, Latine quoad partem reddidit, et terminologiam insectorum Linneanam addidit. - Cruse" type="book" year="1783">RETZIUS, 1783</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
[concept of
<bibRefCitation author="FOREL" firstAuthor="FOREL" journalOrPublisher="Neue Denkschriften der Allgemeinen Schweizerischen Gesellschaft fur die Gesammten Naturwissenschaften" pageId="26" pageNumber="159" pagination="1 - 452" part="26" refId="ref45478" refString="FOREL, A. 1874: Les fourmis de la Suisse. Systematique, notices anatomiques et physiologiques, architecture, distribution geographique, nouvelles experiences et observations de moeurs. - Neue Denkschriften der Allgemeinen Schweizerischen Gesellschaft fur die Gesammten Naturwissenschaften 26: 1 - 452." title="Les fourmis de la Suisse. Systematique, notices anatomiques et physiologiques, architecture, distribution geographique, nouvelles experiences et observations de moeurs" type="journal article" year="1874">FOREL (1874)</bibRefCitation>
, present
<typeStatus box="[986,1075,1713,1734]" pageId="26" pageNumber="159">neotype</typeStatus>
designation]
</treatmentCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="160" pageId="26" pageNumber="159" type="discussion">
<paragraph blockId="26.[816,1438,1681,2023]" lastBlockId="27.[151,773,177,2023]" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="160" pageId="26" pageNumber="159">
Type specimens are unknown and the original description of
<bibRefCitation author="RETZIUS" bookContentInfo="220 pp." box="[950,1120,1777,1799]" firstAuthor="RETZIUS" journalOrPublisher="Lipsiae" pageId="26" pageNumber="159" refId="ref46339" refString="RETZIUS, A. J. 1783: Caroli de Geer. Genera et species insectorum e generosissimi auctoris scriptis extraxit, digessit, Latine quoad partem reddidit, et terminologiam insectorum Linneanam addidit. - Cruse, Lipsiae [= Leipzig], 220 pp." title="Caroli de Geer. Genera et species insectorum e generosissimi auctoris scriptis extraxit, digessit, Latine quoad partem reddidit, et terminologiam insectorum Linneanam addidit. - Cruse" type="book" year="1783">RETZIUS (1783)</bibRefCitation>
, reporting only “rufa, capite abdomineque nigris, petiolo abdominis squamifero”, does not allow an identification even of the genus. The tradition which ant has to be named as
<taxonomicName authorityName="RETZIUS" authorityYear="1783" box="[1135,1264,1873,1894]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pratensis">
<emphasis box="[1135,1264,1873,1894]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="159">F. pratensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was founded by
<bibRefCitation author="FOREL" box="[816,956,1905,1927]" firstAuthor="FOREL" journalOrPublisher="Neue Denkschriften der Allgemeinen Schweizerischen Gesellschaft fur die Gesammten Naturwissenschaften" pageId="26" pageNumber="159" pagination="1 - 452" part="26" refId="ref45478" refString="FOREL, A. 1874: Les fourmis de la Suisse. Systematique, notices anatomiques et physiologiques, architecture, distribution geographique, nouvelles experiences et observations de moeurs. - Neue Denkschriften der Allgemeinen Schweizerischen Gesellschaft fur die Gesammten Naturwissenschaften 26: 1 - 452." title="Les fourmis de la Suisse. Systematique, notices anatomiques et physiologiques, architecture, distribution geographique, nouvelles experiences et observations de moeurs" type="journal article" year="1874">FOREL (1874)</bibRefCitation>
who reported for the worker a large extension of the dark patch on dorsal mesosoma, a longer pilosity compared with
<taxonomicName box="[986,1186,1969,1990]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="truncoru">
<emphasis box="[986,1186,1969,1990]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="159">Formica truncoru</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
m, presence of setae on legs and eyes, and, for the gyne, a completely matt, densely pubescent gaster. This character combination excludes any of the other seven species occurring in
<collectingCountry box="[633,768,209,231]" name="Switzerland" pageId="27" pageNumber="160">Switzerland</collectingCountry>
.
<bibRefCitation author="FOREL" box="[151,295,241,263]" firstAuthor="FOREL" journalOrPublisher="Neue Denkschriften der Allgemeinen Schweizerischen Gesellschaft fur die Gesammten Naturwissenschaften" pageId="27" pageNumber="160" pagination="1 - 452" part="26" refId="ref45478" refString="FOREL, A. 1874: Les fourmis de la Suisse. Systematique, notices anatomiques et physiologiques, architecture, distribution geographique, nouvelles experiences et observations de moeurs. - Neue Denkschriften der Allgemeinen Schweizerischen Gesellschaft fur die Gesammten Naturwissenschaften 26: 1 - 452." title="Les fourmis de la Suisse. Systematique, notices anatomiques et physiologiques, architecture, distribution geographique, nouvelles experiences et observations de moeurs" type="journal article" year="1874">FOREL (1874)</bibRefCitation>
also reported as main habitat grassland and wood margins, which probably prompted him to assign A.J. Retzius’ name to this ant. In order to stabilize the nomenclature, a
<typeStatus box="[327,415,337,358]" pageId="27" pageNumber="160">neotype</typeStatus>
was fixed from a nest sample con- taining
<specimenCount box="[238,362,369,391]" pageId="27" pageNumber="160" type="worker">18 workers</specimenCount>
, labelled “GER:
<geoCoordinate box="[536,663,369,391]" degrees="51.4048" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="27" pageNumber="160" precision="5" value="51.4048">51.4048° N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="14.8746" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="27" pageNumber="160" precision="5" value="14.8746">14.8746° E</geoCoordinate>
, Daubitz-
<quantity box="[279,350,401,423]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3" pageId="27" pageNumber="160" unit="km" value="3.3">3.3 km</quantity>
ENE,
<quantity box="[425,490,401,423]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6199999999999999" pageId="27" pageNumber="160" unit="m" value="162.0">162 m</quantity>
, flacher HÜgel,
<collectionCode box="[665,684,401,423]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="27" pageNumber="160">R</collectionCode>
.Schultz
<date box="[151,276,432,454]" pageId="27" pageNumber="160" value="1999-06-30">1999.06.30</date>
-050” and “
<typeStatus box="[395,487,433,454]" pageId="27" pageNumber="160">Neotype</typeStatus>
<taxonomicName authority="Retzius 1783" authorityName="RETZIUS" authorityYear="1783" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pratensis">
Formica pratensis
<bibRefCitation author="Retzius" bookContentInfo="220 pp." firstAuthor="Retzius" journalOrPublisher="Lipsiae" pageId="27" pageNumber="160" refId="ref46339" refString="RETZIUS, A. J. 1783: Caroli de Geer. Genera et species insectorum e generosissimi auctoris scriptis extraxit, digessit, Latine quoad partem reddidit, et terminologiam insectorum Linneanam addidit. - Cruse, Lipsiae [= Leipzig], 220 pp." title="Caroli de Geer. Genera et species insectorum e generosissimi auctoris scriptis extraxit, digessit, Latine quoad partem reddidit, et terminologiam insectorum Linneanam addidit. - Cruse" type="book" year="1783">Retzius 1783</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
des. B.
<bibRefCitation author="Seifert" box="[289,425,465,487]" firstAuthor="Seifert" journalOrPublisher="Soil Organisms" pageId="27" pageNumber="160" pagination="15 - 94" part="92" refId="ref47079" refString="SEIFERT, B. 2020 a: A taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic members of the subgenus Lasius s. str. (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). - Soil Organisms 92: 15 - 94." title="A taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic members of the subgenus Lasius s. str. (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)" type="journal article" year="2020">Seifert 2020</bibRefCitation>
”; depository SMN Görlitz.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

180
data/F5/2B/87/F52B87F65E2D615AFC9FDAAEFC261C39.xml Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,180 @@
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5584836" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b9f36fb1-1c9d-4af8-96ca-d57973b94862" ID-GBIF-Taxon="192710730" ID-ISSN="1997-3500" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5584836" approvalRequired="1" checkinTime="1619623649741" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Seifert, Bernhard" docDate="2021" docId="F52B87F65E2D615AFC9FDAAEFC261C39" docLanguage="en" docName="myrmecNews.31_133-179_printable.pdf" docOrigin="Myrmecological News 31" docSource="http://zoobank.org/0e55c0d7-531a-48d7-a078-148b96bd461d" docTitle="Formica angusticeps STARCKE 1947" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="160" masterDocId="0912FF8E5E366141FFC9DA41FF91193E" masterDocTitle="A taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic members of the Formica rufa group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) - the famous mound-building red wood ants" masterLastPageNumber="179" masterPageNumber="133" pageId="27" pageNumber="160" updateTime="1643400318318" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>A taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic members of the Formica rufa group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) - the famous mound-building red wood ants</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Seifert, Bernhard</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Myrmecological News</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2021-04-28</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>31</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>133</mods:start>
<mods:end>179</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://zoobank.org/0e55c0d7-531a-48d7-a078-148b96bd461d</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.25849/myrmecol.news_031:133</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">b9f36fb1-1c9d-4af8-96ca-d57973b94862</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1997-3500</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">5582216</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">0E55C0D7-531A-48D7-A078-148B96BD461D</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5584836" ID-GBIF-Taxon="192710730" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5584836" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F52B87F65E2D615AFC9FDAAEFC261C39" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F52B87F65E2D615AFC9FDAAEFC261C39" lastPageNumber="160" pageId="27" pageNumber="160">
<subSubSection box="[854,1322,239,264]" pageId="27" pageNumber="160" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="27.[816,1438,177,2023]" box="[854,1322,239,264]" pageId="27" pageNumber="160">
<treatmentCitation box="[854,1322,239,264]" pageId="27" pageNumber="160">
<taxonomicName authority="STARCKE, 1947" authorityName="STARCKE" authorityYear="1947" box="[854,1322,239,264]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="angusticeps">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[854,1322,239,264]" pageId="27" pageNumber="160">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[854,1128,239,262]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="160">Formica angusticeps</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="STARCKE" box="[1134,1322,240,264]" firstAuthor="STARCKE" journalOrPublisher="Entomologische Berichten" pageId="27" pageNumber="160" pagination="144 - 146" part="12" refId="ref47363" refString="STARCKE, A. 1947: De boreale form van de roode boschmier (Formica rufa rufa) op de Hooge Veluwe. - Entomologische Berichten 12: 144 - 146." title="De boreale form van de roode boschmier (Formica rufa rufa) op de Hooge Veluwe" type="journal article" year="1947">STÄRCKE, 1947</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="27" pageNumber="160" type="reference_group">
<paragraph blockId="27.[816,1438,177,2023]" pageId="27" pageNumber="160">
<treatmentCitation pageId="27" pageNumber="160">
<taxonomicName authority="STARCKE, 1947" authorityName="STARCKE" authorityYear="1947" box="[816,1330,272,296]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="rufa" variety="angusticeps">
<emphasis box="[816,967,273,294]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="160">Formica rufa</emphasis>
var.
<emphasis box="[1024,1158,273,294]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="160">angusticeps</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="STARCKE" box="[1166,1330,272,296]" firstAuthor="STARCKE" journalOrPublisher="Entomologische Berichten" pageId="27" pageNumber="160" pagination="144 - 146" part="12" refId="ref47363" refString="STARCKE, A. 1947: De boreale form van de roode boschmier (Formica rufa rufa) op de Hooge Veluwe. - Entomologische Berichten 12: 144 - 146." title="De boreale form van de roode boschmier (Formica rufa rufa) op de Hooge Veluwe" type="journal article" year="1947">STÄRCKE, 1947</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
[description, zoogeography]
</treatmentCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="27" pageNumber="160" type="discussion">
<paragraph blockId="27.[816,1438,177,2023]" pageId="27" pageNumber="160">
The taxon was described from
<collectingCountry box="[1193,1374,337,359]" name="Netherlands" pageId="27" pageNumber="160">the Netherlands</collectingCountry>
.
<collectionCode box="[1384,1436,337,358]" pageId="27" pageNumber="160">BOL-</collectionCode>
TON (1995) considered the name as available. The title of the paper “De boreale form van de roode boschmier (
<taxonomicName authority="rufa" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="rufa" subSpecies="rufa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="160">Formica rufa rufa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
)” suggests that
<bibRefCitation author="STARCKE" box="[1158,1332,432,456]" firstAuthor="STARCKE" journalOrPublisher="Entomologische Berichten" pageId="27" pageNumber="160" pagination="144 - 146" part="12" refId="ref47363" refString="STARCKE, A. 1947: De boreale form van de roode boschmier (Formica rufa rufa) op de Hooge Veluwe. - Entomologische Berichten 12: 144 - 146." title="De boreale form van de roode boschmier (Formica rufa rufa) op de Hooge Veluwe" type="journal article" year="1947">STÄRCKE (1947)</bibRefCitation>
intended to introduce the new name at infrasubspecific rank. Yet, the main text did not make it clear what his intention was. If the name is available, we can assume a synonymy with
<taxonomicName authorityName="RETZIUS" authorityYear="1783" box="[816,1018,561,582]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pratensis">
<emphasis box="[816,1018,561,582]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="160">Formica pratensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
based on the following argumentation. The
<typeStatus box="[866,915,593,614]" pageId="27" pageNumber="160">type</typeStatus>
locality is in Hoge Veluwe (
<geoCoordinate box="[1231,1333,592,614]" degrees="51.08" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="27" pageNumber="160" precision="555" value="51.08">51.08° N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate box="[1345,1432,592,614]" degrees="5.83" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="27" pageNumber="160" precision="555" value="5.83">5.83° E</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity box="[816,868,625,646]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8" pageId="27" pageNumber="160" unit="m" value="38.0">38m</quantity>
) – a sand dune area with interspersed moister parts. We have only four species of the
<taxonomicName authorityName="LINNAEUS" authorityYear="1761" box="[1169,1242,657,678]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufa">
<emphasis box="[1169,1242,657,678]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="160">F. rufa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group potentially occurring in that region:
<taxonomicName authorityName="LINNAEUS" authorityYear="1761" box="[1100,1176,689,710]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufa">
<emphasis box="[1100,1176,689,710]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="160">F. rufa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authorityName="FOERSTER" authorityYear="1850" box="[1191,1402,689,710]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polyctena">
<emphasis box="[1191,1402,689,710]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="160">Formica polyctena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authorityName="RETZIUS" authorityYear="1783" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pratensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="160">F. pratensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName box="[980,1202,721,742]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="truncorum">
<emphasis box="[980,1202,721,742]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="160">Formica truncorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName box="[1214,1437,721,742]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="truncorum">
<emphasis box="[1214,1437,721,742]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="160">Formica truncorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is extremely rare in
<collectingCountry box="[1034,1210,753,775]" name="Netherlands" pageId="27" pageNumber="160">the Netherlands</collectingCountry>
and
<bibRefCitation author="STARCKE" box="[1264,1438,752,776]" firstAuthor="STARCKE" journalOrPublisher="Entomologische Berichten" pageId="27" pageNumber="160" pagination="144 - 146" part="12" refId="ref47363" refString="STARCKE, A. 1947: De boreale form van de roode boschmier (Formica rufa rufa) op de Hooge Veluwe. - Entomologische Berichten 12: 144 - 146." title="De boreale form van de roode boschmier (Formica rufa rufa) op de Hooge Veluwe" type="journal article" year="1947">STÄRCKE (1947)</bibRefCitation>
would have noted the diagnostic pigmentation. Therefore, he would have referred to one of the other three species. The reported presence on extensor profile of tibiae of 5 - 11 setae which are erected by 30 - 45° clearly speaks against
<taxonomicName authorityName="LINNAEUS" authorityYear="1761" box="[816,894,913,934]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufa">
<emphasis box="[816,894,913,934]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="160">F. rufa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authorityName="FOERSTER" authorityYear="1850" box="[910,1051,913,934]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polyctena">
<emphasis box="[910,1051,913,934]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="160">F. polyctena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, or
<taxonomicName authorityName="FOERSTER" authorityYear="1850" box="[1099,1240,913,934]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polyctena">
<emphasis box="[1099,1240,913,934]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="160">F. polyctena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
×
<taxonomicName authorityName="LINNAEUS" authorityYear="1761" box="[1273,1322,913,934]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufa">
<emphasis box="[1273,1322,913,934]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="160">rufa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation author="STARCKE" firstAuthor="STARCKE" journalOrPublisher="Entomologische Berichten" pageId="27" pageNumber="160" pagination="144 - 146" part="12" refId="ref47363" refString="STARCKE, A. 1947: De boreale form van de roode boschmier (Formica rufa rufa) op de Hooge Veluwe. - Entomologische Berichten 12: 144 - 146." title="De boreale form van de roode boschmier (Formica rufa rufa) op de Hooge Veluwe" type="journal article" year="1947">STÄRCKE (1947)</bibRefCitation>
gave no data on pilosity on back of head but he compared his
<taxonomicName authorityName="STARCKE" authorityYear="1947" box="[974,1135,977,998]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="angusticeps">
<emphasis box="[974,1135,977,998]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="160">F. angusticeps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with specimens of “
<taxonomicName authority="rufa" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="rufa" subSpecies="rufa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="160">F. rufa rufa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” from the Norwegian coast near the Lofoten (
<geoCoordinate box="[1364,1429,1008,1030]" degrees="68" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="27" pageNumber="160" precision="55555" value="68.0">68° N</geoCoordinate>
) and of “
<taxonomicName authority="Santschi" authorityName="Santschi" authorityYear="1911" box="[903,1158,1040,1062]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="rufa" subSpecies="alpina">
<emphasis box="[903,1057,1040,1062]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="160">F. rufa alpina</emphasis>
Santschi
</taxonomicName>
” from the high Alps. For zoogeographical and morphological reasons, his specimens from the Lofoten obviously belonged to
<taxonomicName authorityName="ZETTERSTEDT" authorityYear="1838" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lugubris">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="160">Formica lugubris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and those from the high Alps to either
<taxonomicName authorityName="ZETTERSTEDT" authorityYear="1838" box="[1319,1436,1137,1158]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lugubris">
<emphasis box="[1319,1436,1137,1158]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="160">F. lugubris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or
<taxonomicName authorityName="SEIFERT" authorityYear="1996" box="[845,1092,1169,1190]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paralugubris">
<emphasis box="[845,1092,1169,1190]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="160">Formica paralugubris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. These data implicate
<taxonomicName authorityName="STARCKE" authorityYear="1947" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="angusticeps">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="160">F. angusticeps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to have a rich overall pilosity as it is typical for
<taxonomicName authorityName="RETZIUS" authorityYear="1783" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pratensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="160">F. pratensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and to be hairier than in the hairiest
<taxonomicName authorityName="LINNAEUS" authorityYear="1761" box="[1359,1436,1233,1254]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufa">
<emphasis box="[1359,1436,1233,1254]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="160">F. rufa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
phenotypes.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

93
data/F5/2B/87/F52B87F65E2D615AFC9FDF4EFB4C1FF9.xml Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5584836" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b9f36fb1-1c9d-4af8-96ca-d57973b94862" ID-GBIF-Taxon="192710740" ID-ISSN="1997-3500" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5584836" approvalRequired="1" checkinTime="1619623649741" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Seifert, Bernhard" docDate="2021" docId="F52B87F65E2D615AFC9FDF4EFB4C1FF9" docLanguage="en" docName="myrmecNews.31_133-179_printable.pdf" docOrigin="Myrmecological News 31" docSource="http://zoobank.org/0e55c0d7-531a-48d7-a078-148b96bd461d" docTitle="Formica pratensoide GOSSWALD 1951" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="160" masterDocId="0912FF8E5E366141FFC9DA41FF91193E" masterDocTitle="A taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic members of the Formica rufa group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) - the famous mound-building red wood ants" masterLastPageNumber="179" masterPageNumber="133" pageId="27" pageNumber="160" updateTime="1643400318318" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>A taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic members of the Formica rufa group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) - the famous mound-building red wood ants</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Seifert, Bernhard</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Myrmecological News</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2021-04-28</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>31</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>133</mods:start>
<mods:end>179</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://zoobank.org/0e55c0d7-531a-48d7-a078-148b96bd461d</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.25849/myrmecol.news_031:133</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">b9f36fb1-1c9d-4af8-96ca-d57973b94862</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1997-3500</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">5582216</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">0E55C0D7-531A-48D7-A078-148B96BD461D</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5584836" ID-GBIF-Taxon="192710740" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5584836" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F52B87F65E2D615AFC9FDF4EFB4C1FF9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F52B87F65E2D615AFC9FDF4EFB4C1FF9" lastPageNumber="160" pageId="27" pageNumber="160">
<subSubSection box="[854,1357,1295,1319]" pageId="27" pageNumber="160" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="27.[816,1438,177,2023]" box="[854,1357,1295,1319]" pageId="27" pageNumber="160">
<taxonomicName authority="Gösswald, 1951" authorityName="GOSSWALD" authorityYear="1951" box="[854,1357,1295,1319]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pratensoide">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[854,1357,1295,1319]" pageId="27" pageNumber="160">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[854,1140,1295,1319]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="160">Formica pratensoides</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="GoSSWALD" box="[1146,1357,1296,1318]" firstAuthor="GoSSWALD" journalOrPublisher="Zeitschrift fur Angewandte Entomologie" pageId="27" pageNumber="160" pagination="433 - 457" part="32" refId="ref45716" refString="GOSSWALD, K. 1951: Zur Biologie, Okologie und Morphologie einer neuen Varietat der Kleinen Roten Waldameise: Formica minor pratensoides. - Zeitschrift fur Angewandte Entomologie 32: 433 - 457." title="Zur Biologie, Okologie und Morphologie einer neuen Varietat der Kleinen Roten Waldameise: Formica minor pratensoides" type="journal article" year="1951">GÖSSWALD, 1951</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="27" pageNumber="160" type="reference_group">
<paragraph blockId="27.[816,1438,177,2023]" pageId="27" pageNumber="160">
<treatmentCitation box="[816,1386,1328,1352]" pageId="27" pageNumber="160">
<taxonomicName authority="GOSSWALD, 1951" authorityName="GOSSWALD" authorityYear="1951" box="[816,1386,1328,1352]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="minor" subSpecies="pratensoides">
<emphasis box="[816,987,1329,1350]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="160">Formica minor</emphasis>
ssp.
<emphasis box="[1046,1190,1329,1350]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="160">pratensoides</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="GOSSWALD" box="[1199,1386,1328,1352]" firstAuthor="GOSSWALD" journalOrPublisher="Zeitschrift fur Angewandte Entomologie" pageId="27" pageNumber="160" pagination="433 - 457" part="32" refId="ref45716" refString="GOSSWALD, K. 1951: Zur Biologie, Okologie und Morphologie einer neuen Varietat der Kleinen Roten Waldameise: Formica minor pratensoides. - Zeitschrift fur Angewandte Entomologie 32: 433 - 457." title="Zur Biologie, Okologie und Morphologie einer neuen Varietat der Kleinen Roten Waldameise: Formica minor pratensoides" type="journal article" year="1951">GÖSSWALD, 1951</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
[description, zoogeography]
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="27" pageNumber="160" type="discussion">
<paragraph blockId="27.[816,1438,177,2023]" pageId="27" pageNumber="160">
This taxon was described from near Würzburg (
<collectingCountry name="Germany" pageId="27" pageNumber="160">Germany</collectingCountry>
): “Revierförsterei Irtenberg, Forstamt Waldbrunn”.
<bibRefCitation author="GOSSWALD" box="[816,1014,1456,1480]" firstAuthor="GOSSWALD" journalOrPublisher="Zeitschrift fur Angewandte Entomologie" pageId="27" pageNumber="160" pagination="433 - 457" part="32" refId="ref45716" refString="GOSSWALD, K. 1951: Zur Biologie, Okologie und Morphologie einer neuen Varietat der Kleinen Roten Waldameise: Formica minor pratensoides. - Zeitschrift fur Angewandte Entomologie 32: 433 - 457." title="Zur Biologie, Okologie und Morphologie einer neuen Varietat der Kleinen Roten Waldameise: Formica minor pratensoides" type="journal article" year="1951">GÖSSWALD (1951)</bibRefCitation>
reported a large, clearly demarcated black patch on promesonotum of the workers and gynes having 110 - 115% of the size of
<taxonomicName authorityName="LINNAEUS" authorityYear="1761" box="[1162,1310,1521,1542]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufa">
<emphasis box="[1162,1310,1521,1542]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="160">Formica rufa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and a completely matt gaster surface. It becomes obvious from his lengthy treatise that
<bibRefCitation author="GOSSWALD" box="[1047,1240,1584,1608]" firstAuthor="GOSSWALD" journalOrPublisher="Zeitschrift fur Angewandte Entomologie" pageId="27" pageNumber="160" pagination="433 - 457" part="32" refId="ref45716" refString="GOSSWALD, K. 1951: Zur Biologie, Okologie und Morphologie einer neuen Varietat der Kleinen Roten Waldameise: Formica minor pratensoides. - Zeitschrift fur Angewandte Entomologie 32: 433 - 457." title="Zur Biologie, Okologie und Morphologie einer neuen Varietat der Kleinen Roten Waldameise: Formica minor pratensoides" type="journal article" year="1951">GÖSSWALD (1951)</bibRefCitation>
studied a polygynous-polydomous colony of
<taxonomicName authorityName="RETZIUS" authorityYear="1783" box="[1120,1324,1617,1638]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pratensis">
<emphasis box="[1120,1324,1617,1638]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="160">Formica pratensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Such colony
<typeStatus box="[863,923,1649,1670]" pageId="27" pageNumber="160">types</typeStatus>
up to true supercolonial conditions have been repeatedly observed in forests of the planar and colline zone of
<collectingCountry box="[900,1002,1713,1734]" name="Germany" pageId="27" pageNumber="160">Germany</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation author="SEIFERT" box="[1016,1167,1713,1734]" firstAuthor="SEIFERT" journalOrPublisher="Entomologica Fennica" pageId="27" pageNumber="160" pagination="217 - 226" part="2" refId="ref46559" refString="SEIFERT, B. 1992: Formica nigricans EMERY, 1909 - an ecomorph of Formica pratensis RETZIUS, 1783 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). - Entomologica Fennica 2: 217 - 226." title="Formica nigricans EMERY, 1909 - an ecomorph of Formica pratensis RETZIUS, 1783 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)" type="journal article" year="1992">SEIFERT 1992</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="SEIFERT" bookContentInfo="408 pp." box="[1177,1234,1713,1735]" firstAuthor="SEIFERT" journalOrPublisher="Lutra Verlags- und Vertriebsgesellschaft, Tauer" pageId="27" pageNumber="160" refId="ref46930" refString="SEIFERT, B. 2018: The ants of Central and North Europe. - Lutra Verlags- und Vertriebsgesellschaft, Tauer, 408 pp." title="The ants of Central and North Europe" type="book" year="2018">2018</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

129
data/F5/2B/87/F52B87F65E2D615AFF74DBAEFEB51DF9.xml Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5584836" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b9f36fb1-1c9d-4af8-96ca-d57973b94862" ID-GBIF-Taxon="192710732" ID-ISSN="1997-3500" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5584836" approvalRequired="1" checkinTime="1619623649741" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Seifert, Bernhard" docDate="2021" docId="F52B87F65E2D615AFF74DBAEFEB51DF9" docLanguage="en" docName="myrmecNews.31_133-179_printable.pdf" docOrigin="Myrmecological News 31" docSource="http://zoobank.org/0e55c0d7-531a-48d7-a078-148b96bd461d" docTitle="Formica nigricans BONDROIT 1912" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="160" masterDocId="0912FF8E5E366141FFC9DA41FF91193E" masterDocTitle="A taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic members of the Formica rufa group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) - the famous mound-building red wood ants" masterLastPageNumber="179" masterPageNumber="133" pageId="27" pageNumber="160" updateTime="1643400318318" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>A taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic members of the Formica rufa group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) - the famous mound-building red wood ants</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Seifert, Bernhard</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Myrmecological News</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2021-04-28</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>31</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>133</mods:start>
<mods:end>179</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://zoobank.org/0e55c0d7-531a-48d7-a078-148b96bd461d</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.25849/myrmecol.news_031:133</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">b9f36fb1-1c9d-4af8-96ca-d57973b94862</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1997-3500</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">5582216</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">0E55C0D7-531A-48D7-A078-148B96BD461D</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5584836" ID-GBIF-Taxon="192710732" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5584836" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F52B87F65E2D615AFF74DBAEFEB51DF9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F52B87F65E2D615AFF74DBAEFEB51DF9" lastPageNumber="160" pageId="27" pageNumber="160">
<subSubSection box="[189,639,495,518]" pageId="27" pageNumber="160" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="27.[151,773,177,2023]" box="[189,639,495,518]" pageId="27" pageNumber="160">
<treatmentCitation box="[189,639,495,518]" pageId="27" pageNumber="160">
<taxonomicName authority="BONDROIT, 1912" authorityName="BONDROIT" authorityYear="1912" box="[189,639,495,518]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigricans">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[189,639,495,518]" pageId="27" pageNumber="160">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[189,431,495,518]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="160">Formica nigricans</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="BONDROIT, J." box="[437,639,496,518]" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France" pageId="27" pageNumber="160" pagination="174 - 177" part="1917" refId="ref44955" refString="BONDROIT, J. 1917: Notes sur quelques Formicidae de France. - Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France 1917: 174 - 177." title="Notes sur quelques Formicidae de France" type="journal article" year="1917">BONDROIT, 1912</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="27" pageNumber="160" type="reference_group">
<paragraph blockId="27.[151,773,177,2023]" pageId="27" pageNumber="160">
<treatmentCitation pageId="27" pageNumber="160">
<taxonomicName authority="BONDROIT, 1912" authorityName="BONDROIT" authorityYear="1912" box="[151,685,529,550]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="pratensis" variety="nigricans">
<emphasis box="[151,352,529,550]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="160">Formica pratensis</emphasis>
var.
<emphasis box="[402,508,529,550]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="160">nigricans</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="BONDROIT, J." box="[512,685,529,550]" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France" pageId="27" pageNumber="160" pagination="174 - 177" part="1917" refId="ref44955" refString="BONDROIT, J. 1917: Notes sur quelques Formicidae de France. - Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France 1917: 174 - 177." title="Notes sur quelques Formicidae de France" type="journal article" year="1917">BONDROIT, 1912</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
[photos of
<typeStatus box="[178,282,561,583]" pageId="27" pageNumber="160">lectotype</typeStatus>
, zoogeography]
</treatmentCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="27" pageNumber="160" type="discussion">
<paragraph blockId="27.[151,773,177,2023]" pageId="27" pageNumber="160">
This is the first available use of
<treatmentCitation pageId="27" pageNumber="160">
<taxonomicName authority="EMERY, 1909" authorityName="EMERY" authorityYear="1909" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="rufa" subSpecies="pratensis" variety="nigricans">
<emphasis box="[518,771,593,614]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="160">Formica rufa pratensis</emphasis>
var.
<emphasis box="[196,301,625,646]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="160">nigricans</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="EMERY" box="[305,446,625,646]" firstAuthor="EMERY" journalOrPublisher="Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift" pageId="27" pageNumber="160" pagination="179 - 204" part="1909" refId="ref45407" refString="EMERY, C. 1909: Beitrage zur Monographie der Formiciden des Palaarktischen Faunengebietes. 7. - Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 1909: 179 - 204." title="Beitrage zur Monographie der Formiciden des Palaarktischen Faunengebietes" type="journal article" year="1909">EMERY, 1909</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
<bibRefCitation author="EMERY" box="[452,602,625,647]" firstAuthor="EMERY" journalOrPublisher="Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift" pageId="27" pageNumber="160" pagination="179 - 204" part="1909" refId="ref45407" refString="EMERY, C. 1909: Beitrage zur Monographie der Formiciden des Palaarktischen Faunengebietes. 7. - Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 1909: 179 - 204." title="Beitrage zur Monographie der Formiciden des Palaarktischen Faunengebietes" type="journal article" year="1909">EMERY (1909)</bibRefCitation>
reported as collecting sites “eine südliche Form; aus den Seealpen und aus
<collectingCountry box="[151,241,689,711]" name="Spain" pageId="27" pageNumber="160">Spanien</collectingCountry>
, auch im Apennin (Vallombrosa)”. A
<typeStatus box="[627,726,689,711]" pageId="27" pageNumber="160">lectotype</typeStatus>
was fixed in worker specimen stored in MHN Genève labelled “Cotypus”, “
<taxonomicName authority="Em Vallombrosa" authorityName="Em Vallombrosa" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="rufa" subSpecies="pratensis" variety="nigricans">Formica rufa pratensis var. nigricans Em Vallombrosa</taxonomicName>
” (C. Emery’s handwriting), “
<taxonomicName authority="Em" authorityName="Em" box="[595,761,785,807]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="pratensis" variety="nigricans">v. nigricans Em</taxonomicName>
” (A. Forel’s handwriting), and “
<collectionCode box="[484,564,817,838]" country="Switzerland" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2jyg-xmd2" name="Museum d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="27" pageNumber="160" type="Museum">MHNG</collectionCode>
<collectionCode box="[570,640,817,838]" pageId="27" pageNumber="160">ENTO</collectionCode>
00085011”. The characters revealed in the photos in combination with zoogeography clearly indicate that
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="pratensis" variety="nigricans">
<emphasis box="[592,723,881,902]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="160">F. pratensis</emphasis>
var.
<emphasis box="[151,257,913,934]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="160">nigricans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a junior synonym of
<taxonomicName authorityName="RETZIUS" authorityYear="1783" box="[520,651,913,934]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pratensis">
<emphasis box="[520,651,913,934]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="160">F. pratensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and not of
<taxonomicName authorityName="ZETTERSTEDT" authorityYear="1838" box="[151,346,945,966]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lugubris">
<emphasis box="[151,346,945,966]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="160">Formica lugubris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The type locality Vallombrosa (
<geoCoordinate degrees="43.73" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="27" pageNumber="160" precision="555" value="43.73">43.73° N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate box="[185,284,976,998]" degrees="11.56" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="27" pageNumber="160" precision="555" value="11.56">11.56° E</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity box="[298,364,976,998]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" pageId="27" pageNumber="160" unit="m" value="950.0">950 m</quantity>
) is situated in a geographic region, as it is with the whole Apennine, where boreomontane species of the
<taxonomicName authorityName="ZETTERSTEDT" authorityYear="1838" box="[309,430,1041,1062]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lugubris">
<emphasis box="[309,430,1041,1062]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="160">F. lugubris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species complex did not occur in the times of C. Emery (
<bibRefCitation author="BARONI URBANI" box="[429,665,1073,1095]" firstAuthor="BARONI URBANI" journalOrPublisher="Memorie della Societa Entomologica Italiana" pageId="27" pageNumber="160" pagination="5 - 287" part="50" refId="ref44681" refString="BARONI URBANI, C. 1971: Catalogo delle specie di formicidae d'Italia. - Memorie della Societa Entomologica Italiana 50: 5 - 287." title="Catalogo delle specie di formicidae d'Italia" type="journal article" year="1971">
<collectionCode box="[429,511,1073,1094]" pageId="27" pageNumber="160">BARONI</collectionCode>
<collectionCode box="[518,603,1073,1094]" pageId="27" pageNumber="160">URBANI</collectionCode>
1971
</bibRefCitation>
). All populations of boreomontane wood ants from the Apennine mountains known today go back to a massive artificial introduction performed during the years 1959 - 67 (e.g.,
<bibRefCitation author="PAVAN" box="[151,280,1201,1223]" firstAuthor="PAVAN" journalOrPublisher="Collana Verde" pageId="27" pageNumber="160" pagination="1 - 78" part="4" refId="ref46259" refString="PAVAN, M. 1959: Attivita' Italiana per la lotta biologica con formiche del gruppo Formica rufa contro gli insetti dannosi alle foreste. - Collana Verde 4: 1 - 78." title="Attivita' Italiana per la lotta biologica con formiche del gruppo Formica rufa contro gli insetti dannosi alle foreste" type="journal article" year="1959">PAVAN 1959</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

86
data/F5/2B/87/F52B87F65E2D615AFF74DC2EFEF21E19.xml Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5584836" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b9f36fb1-1c9d-4af8-96ca-d57973b94862" ID-GBIF-Taxon="192710731" ID-ISSN="1997-3500" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5584836" approvalRequired="1" checkinTime="1619623649741" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Seifert, Bernhard" docDate="2021" docId="F52B87F65E2D615AFF74DC2EFEF21E19" docLanguage="en" docName="myrmecNews.31_133-179_printable.pdf" docOrigin="Myrmecological News 31" docSource="http://zoobank.org/0e55c0d7-531a-48d7-a078-148b96bd461d" docTitle="Formica grouvellei BONDROIT 1918" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="160" masterDocId="0912FF8E5E366141FFC9DA41FF91193E" masterDocTitle="A taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic members of the Formica rufa group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) - the famous mound-building red wood ants" masterLastPageNumber="179" masterPageNumber="133" pageId="27" pageNumber="160" updateTime="1643400318318" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>A taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic members of the Formica rufa group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) - the famous mound-building red wood ants</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Seifert, Bernhard</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Myrmecological News</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2021-04-28</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>31</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>133</mods:start>
<mods:end>179</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://zoobank.org/0e55c0d7-531a-48d7-a078-148b96bd461d</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.25849/myrmecol.news_031:133</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">b9f36fb1-1c9d-4af8-96ca-d57973b94862</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1997-3500</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">5582216</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">0E55C0D7-531A-48D7-A078-148B96BD461D</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5584836" ID-GBIF-Taxon="192710731" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5584836" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F52B87F65E2D615AFF74DC2EFEF21E19" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F52B87F65E2D615AFF74DC2EFEF21E19" lastPageNumber="160" pageId="27" pageNumber="160">
<subSubSection box="[189,646,1647,1670]" pageId="27" pageNumber="160" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="27.[151,773,177,2023]" box="[189,646,1647,1670]" pageId="27" pageNumber="160">
<treatmentCitation box="[189,646,1647,1670]" pageId="27" pageNumber="160">
<taxonomicName authority="BONDROIT, 1918" authorityName="BONDROIT" authorityYear="1918" box="[189,646,1647,1670]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grouvellei">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[189,646,1647,1670]" pageId="27" pageNumber="160">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[189,438,1647,1670]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="160">Formica grouvellei</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation box="[444,646,1648,1670]" pageId="27" pageNumber="160">BONDROIT, 1918</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection box="[151,761,1680,1702]" pageId="27" pageNumber="160" type="reference_group">
<paragraph blockId="27.[151,773,177,2023]" box="[151,761,1680,1702]" pageId="27" pageNumber="160">
<treatmentCitation box="[151,544,1681,1702]" pageId="27" pageNumber="160">
<taxonomicName authority="BONDROIT, 1918" authorityName="BONDROIT" authorityYear="1918" box="[151,544,1681,1702]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grouvellei">
<emphasis box="[151,362,1681,1702]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="160">Formica grouvellei</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation box="[368,544,1681,1702]" pageId="27" pageNumber="160">BONDROIT, 1918</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
[
<typeStatus box="[556,607,1681,1702]" pageId="27" pageNumber="160">type</typeStatus>
investigation]
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="27" pageNumber="160" type="discussion">
<paragraph blockId="27.[151,773,177,2023]" pageId="27" pageNumber="160">
Investigated was the
<typeStatus box="[418,467,1713,1734]" pageId="27" pageNumber="160">type</typeStatus>
gyne from
<collectionCode box="[590,662,1713,1734]" pageId="27" pageNumber="160">MSNB</collectionCode>
<collectingRegion box="[668,771,1712,1734]" country="Belgium" name="Region de Bruxelles-Capitale" pageId="27" pageNumber="160">Bruxelles</collectingRegion>
labelled “Digne Grouvelle”, “
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bondroit" authorityYear="1918" box="[474,709,1744,1766]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="rufa" variety="grouvellei">F.rufa var. grouvellei</taxonomicName>
<typeStatus box="[718,771,1745,1766]" pageId="27" pageNumber="160">Type</typeStatus>
Bondr.”.
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F52B87F65E2D615AFF74DC2EFEF21E19:785D603B5E2D615AFF3ADCB1FE8C1E38" box="[243,285,1776,1798]" name="The" pageId="27" pageNumber="160" stateProvince="Region de Bruxelles-Capitale">The</location>
<typeStatus box="[288,338,1777,1798]" pageId="27" pageNumber="160">type</typeStatus>
belongs to the hairy N-morph as defined by
<bibRefCitation author="SEIFERT" box="[183,351,1809,1831]" firstAuthor="SEIFERT" journalOrPublisher="Entomologica Fennica" pageId="27" pageNumber="160" pagination="217 - 226" part="2" refId="ref46559" refString="SEIFERT, B. 1992: Formica nigricans EMERY, 1909 - an ecomorph of Formica pratensis RETZIUS, 1783 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). - Entomologica Fennica 2: 217 - 226." title="Formica nigricans EMERY, 1909 - an ecomorph of Formica pratensis RETZIUS, 1783 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)" type="journal article" year="1992">SEIFERT (1992)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

89
data/F5/2B/87/F52B87F65E2D615AFF74DD6EFC6D19D9.xml Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5584836" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b9f36fb1-1c9d-4af8-96ca-d57973b94862" ID-GBIF-Taxon="192710741" ID-ISSN="1997-3500" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5584836" approvalRequired="1" checkinTime="1619623649741" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Seifert, Bernhard" docDate="2021" docId="F52B87F65E2D615AFF74DD6EFC6D19D9" docLanguage="en" docName="myrmecNews.31_133-179_printable.pdf" docOrigin="Myrmecological News 31" docSource="http://zoobank.org/0e55c0d7-531a-48d7-a078-148b96bd461d" docTitle="Formica thyssei STARCKE 1942" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="160" masterDocId="0912FF8E5E366141FFC9DA41FF91193E" masterDocTitle="A taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic members of the Formica rufa group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) - the famous mound-building red wood ants" masterLastPageNumber="179" masterPageNumber="133" pageId="27" pageNumber="160" updateTime="1643400318318" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>A taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic members of the Formica rufa group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) - the famous mound-building red wood ants</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Seifert, Bernhard</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Myrmecological News</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2021-04-28</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>31</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>133</mods:start>
<mods:end>179</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://zoobank.org/0e55c0d7-531a-48d7-a078-148b96bd461d</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.25849/myrmecol.news_031:133</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">b9f36fb1-1c9d-4af8-96ca-d57973b94862</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1997-3500</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">5582216</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">0E55C0D7-531A-48D7-A078-148B96BD461D</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5584836" ID-GBIF-Taxon="192710741" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5584836" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F52B87F65E2D615AFF74DD6EFC6D19D9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F52B87F65E2D615AFF74DD6EFC6D19D9" lastPageNumber="160" pageId="27" pageNumber="160">
<subSubSection box="[189,592,1839,1864]" pageId="27" pageNumber="160" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="27.[151,773,177,2023]" box="[189,592,1839,1864]" pageId="27" pageNumber="160">
<treatmentCitation box="[189,592,1839,1864]" pageId="27" pageNumber="160">
<taxonomicName authority="STARCKE, 1942" authorityName="STARCKE" authorityYear="1942" box="[189,592,1839,1864]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thyssei">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[189,592,1839,1864]" pageId="27" pageNumber="160">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[189,398,1839,1862]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="160">Formica thyssei</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation box="[404,592,1840,1864]" pageId="27" pageNumber="160">STÄRCKE, 1942</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="27" pageNumber="160" type="reference_group">
<paragraph blockId="27.[151,773,177,2023]" pageId="27" pageNumber="160">
<treatmentCitation box="[151,665,1872,1896]" pageId="27" pageNumber="160">
<taxonomicName authority="STARCKE, 1942" authorityName="RETZIUS" authorityYear="1783" box="[151,665,1872,1896]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pratensis">
<emphasis box="[151,361,1873,1894]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="160">Formica pratensis</emphasis>
ab.
<emphasis box="[411,489,1872,1893]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="160">thyssei</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation box="[498,665,1872,1896]" pageId="27" pageNumber="160">STÄRCKE, 1942</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
[
<typeStatus box="[680,731,1873,1894]" pageId="27" pageNumber="160">type</typeStatus>
investigation]
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="27" pageNumber="160" type="discussion">
<paragraph blockId="27.[151,773,177,2023]" lastBlockId="27.[816,1438,177,2023]" pageId="27" pageNumber="160">
This taxon was described from
<collectingCountry box="[542,721,1937,1959]" name="Netherlands" pageId="27" pageNumber="160">the Netherlands</collectingCountry>
in a gyne collected at
<collectorName box="[346,594,1969,1991]" pageId="27" pageNumber="160">Eerbeek op de Veluwe</collectorName>
,
<date box="[606,721,1969,1991]" pageId="27" pageNumber="160" value="1916-06">
<collectingDate box="[606,721,1969,1991]" pageId="27" pageNumber="160" value="1916-06">June 1916</collectingDate>
</date>
, leg. F.
<collectionCode box="[170,187,2001,2022]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="27" pageNumber="160">T</collectionCode>
. Valck Lucassen. This
<typeStatus box="[434,483,2001,2022]" pageId="27" pageNumber="160">type</typeStatus>
from NBC Leiden was in- vestigated and belongs to the less hairy P-morph as defined by
<bibRefCitation author="SEIFERT" box="[848,1016,209,231]" firstAuthor="SEIFERT" journalOrPublisher="Entomologica Fennica" pageId="27" pageNumber="160" pagination="217 - 226" part="2" refId="ref46559" refString="SEIFERT, B. 1992: Formica nigricans EMERY, 1909 - an ecomorph of Formica pratensis RETZIUS, 1783 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). - Entomologica Fennica 2: 217 - 226." title="Formica nigricans EMERY, 1909 - an ecomorph of Formica pratensis RETZIUS, 1783 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)" type="journal article" year="1992">SEIFERT (1992)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

99
data/F5/2B/87/F52B87F65E2D615AFF74DE91FD301F58.xml Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5584836" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b9f36fb1-1c9d-4af8-96ca-d57973b94862" ID-GBIF-Taxon="192710743" ID-ISSN="1997-3500" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5584836" approvalRequired="1" checkinTime="1619623649741" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Seifert, Bernhard" docDate="2021" docId="F52B87F65E2D615AFF74DE91FD301F58" docLanguage="en" docName="myrmecNews.31_133-179_printable.pdf" docOrigin="Myrmecological News 31" docSource="http://zoobank.org/0e55c0d7-531a-48d7-a078-148b96bd461d" docTitle="Formica cordieri BONDROIT 1917" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="160" masterDocId="0912FF8E5E366141FFC9DA41FF91193E" masterDocTitle="A taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic members of the Formica rufa group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) - the famous mound-building red wood ants" masterLastPageNumber="179" masterPageNumber="133" pageId="27" pageNumber="160" updateTime="1643400318318" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>A taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic members of the Formica rufa group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) - the famous mound-building red wood ants</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Seifert, Bernhard</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Myrmecological News</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2021-04-28</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>31</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>133</mods:start>
<mods:end>179</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://zoobank.org/0e55c0d7-531a-48d7-a078-148b96bd461d</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.25849/myrmecol.news_031:133</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">b9f36fb1-1c9d-4af8-96ca-d57973b94862</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1997-3500</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">5582216</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">0E55C0D7-531A-48D7-A078-148B96BD461D</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5584836" ID-GBIF-Taxon="192710743" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5584836" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F52B87F65E2D615AFF74DE91FD301F58" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F52B87F65E2D615AFF74DE91FD301F58" lastPageNumber="160" pageId="27" pageNumber="160">
<subSubSection box="[189,618,1232,1255]" pageId="27" pageNumber="160" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="27.[151,773,177,2023]" box="[189,618,1232,1255]" pageId="27" pageNumber="160">
<treatmentCitation box="[189,618,1232,1255]" pageId="27" pageNumber="160">
<taxonomicName authority="BONDROIT, 1917" authorityName="BONDROIT" authorityYear="1917" box="[189,618,1232,1255]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cordieri">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[189,618,1232,1255]" pageId="27" pageNumber="160">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[189,411,1232,1255]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="160">Formica cordieri</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="BONDROIT" box="[417,618,1232,1254]" firstAuthor="BONDROIT" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France" pageId="27" pageNumber="160" pagination="174 - 177" part="1917" refId="ref44955" refString="BONDROIT, J. 1917: Notes sur quelques Formicidae de France. - Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France 1917: 174 - 177." title="Notes sur quelques Formicidae de France" type="journal article" year="1917">BONDROIT, 1917</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection box="[151,738,1264,1286]" pageId="27" pageNumber="160" type="reference_group">
<paragraph blockId="27.[151,773,177,2023]" box="[151,738,1264,1286]" pageId="27" pageNumber="160">
<treatmentCitation box="[151,522,1265,1286]" pageId="27" pageNumber="160">
<taxonomicName authority="BONDROIT, 1917" authorityName="BONDROIT" authorityYear="1917" box="[151,522,1265,1286]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cordieri">
<emphasis box="[151,340,1265,1286]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="160">Formica cordieri</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="BONDROIT" box="[346,522,1265,1286]" firstAuthor="BONDROIT" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France" pageId="27" pageNumber="160" pagination="174 - 177" part="1917" refId="ref44955" refString="BONDROIT, J. 1917: Notes sur quelques Formicidae de France. - Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France 1917: 174 - 177." title="Notes sur quelques Formicidae de France" type="journal article" year="1917">BONDROIT, 1917</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
[
<typeStatus box="[532,583,1265,1286]" pageId="27" pageNumber="160">type</typeStatus>
investigation]
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="27" pageNumber="160" type="discussion">
<paragraph blockId="27.[151,773,177,2023]" pageId="27" pageNumber="160">
This taxon was described by
<bibRefCitation author="BONDROIT" box="[537,738,1297,1319]" firstAuthor="BONDROIT" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France" pageId="27" pageNumber="160" pagination="174 - 177" part="1917" refId="ref44955" refString="BONDROIT, J. 1917: Notes sur quelques Formicidae de France. - Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France 1917: 174 - 177." title="Notes sur quelques Formicidae de France" type="journal article" year="1917">BONDROIT (1917)</bibRefCitation>
as gyne in the key. No
<typeStatus box="[373,422,1329,1350]" pageId="27" pageNumber="160">type</typeStatus>
locality, collector, nor date was given. Examined were
<specimenCount box="[399,513,1361,1383]" pageId="27" pageNumber="160" type="generic" typeStatus="type">three type</specimenCount>
specimens from
<collectionCode box="[699,771,1361,1382]" pageId="27" pageNumber="160">MSNB</collectionCode>
<collectingRegion box="[151,258,1393,1415]" country="Belgium" name="Region de Bruxelles-Capitale" pageId="27" pageNumber="160">Bruxelles</collectingRegion>
: one gyne labelled “Orne-6-Longny Collection E.Cordier”, “
<taxonomicName authorityName="BONDROIT" authorityYear="1917" box="[298,493,1425,1447]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cordieri">Formica cordieri</taxonomicName>
<typeStatus box="[502,557,1425,1446]" pageId="27" pageNumber="160">Type</typeStatus>
Bondr.”; one gyne labelled “Hte Savoie de Gaulle”, “
<taxonomicName box="[507,713,1457,1479]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" variety="cordieri">Formica v. cordieri</taxonomicName>
<typeStatus box="[718,771,1457,1478]" pageId="27" pageNumber="160">Type</typeStatus>
Bondr.”, and one gyne labelled “Sayat P. de D.”, “
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" variety="cordieri">Formica v. cordieri</taxonomicName>
<typeStatus box="[276,330,1521,1542]" pageId="27" pageNumber="160">Type</typeStatus>
Bondr.”. The synonymy with
<taxonomicName authorityName="RETZIUS" authorityYear="1783" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pratensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="160">Formica pratensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is obvious: All three gynes belong to the hairy N-morph as defined by
<bibRefCitation author="SEIFERT" box="[408,575,1585,1607]" firstAuthor="SEIFERT" journalOrPublisher="Entomologica Fennica" pageId="27" pageNumber="160" pagination="217 - 226" part="2" refId="ref46559" refString="SEIFERT, B. 1992: Formica nigricans EMERY, 1909 - an ecomorph of Formica pratensis RETZIUS, 1783 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). - Entomologica Fennica 2: 217 - 226." title="Formica nigricans EMERY, 1909 - an ecomorph of Formica pratensis RETZIUS, 1783 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)" type="journal article" year="1992">SEIFERT (1992)</bibRefCitation>
. For separation of N- and P-morphs, see also below and
<figureCitation box="[561,668,1617,1639]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="30.[151,187,657,679]" captionTargetBox="[158,764,176,649]" captionTargetId="graphics-1012@30.[198,764,176,606]" captionText="Fig.29: Principal component analysis of polymorphism in 295 gynes of Formica pratensis. The P-morph with reduced setae (white dots) is clearly separated from the strongly haired N-morph (black rhombs). Eleven phenotypic characters were considered." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5582273" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5582273/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="160">Figure 29</figureCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

97
data/F5/2B/87/F52B87F65E2D615DFC9FDC8EFEBD1839.xml Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5584836" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b9f36fb1-1c9d-4af8-96ca-d57973b94862" ID-GBIF-Taxon="192710736" ID-ISSN="1997-3500" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5584836" approvalRequired="1" checkinTime="1619623649741" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Seifert, Bernhard" docDate="2021" docId="F52B87F65E2D615DFC9FDC8EFEBD1839" docLanguage="en" docName="myrmecNews.31_133-179_printable.pdf" docOrigin="Myrmecological News 31" docSource="http://zoobank.org/0e55c0d7-531a-48d7-a078-148b96bd461d" docTitle="Formica staerckei BETREM 1960" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="160" masterDocId="0912FF8E5E366141FFC9DA41FF91193E" masterDocTitle="A taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic members of the Formica rufa group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) - the famous mound-building red wood ants" masterLastPageNumber="179" masterPageNumber="133" pageId="27" pageNumber="160" updateTime="1643400318318" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>A taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic members of the Formica rufa group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) - the famous mound-building red wood ants</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Seifert, Bernhard</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Myrmecological News</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2021-04-28</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>31</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>133</mods:start>
<mods:end>179</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://zoobank.org/0e55c0d7-531a-48d7-a078-148b96bd461d</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.25849/myrmecol.news_031:133</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">b9f36fb1-1c9d-4af8-96ca-d57973b94862</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1997-3500</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">5582216</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">0E55C0D7-531A-48D7-A078-148B96BD461D</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5584836" ID-GBIF-Taxon="192710736" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5584836" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F52B87F65E2D615DFC9FDC8EFEBD1839" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F52B87F65E2D615DFC9FDC8EFEBD1839" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="160" pageId="27" pageNumber="160">
<subSubSection box="[854,1274,1743,1766]" pageId="27" pageNumber="160" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="27.[816,1438,177,2023]" box="[854,1274,1743,1766]" pageId="27" pageNumber="160">
<treatmentCitation box="[854,1274,1743,1766]" pageId="27" pageNumber="160">
<taxonomicName authority="BETREM, 1960" authorityName="BETREM" authorityYear="1960" box="[854,1274,1743,1766]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="staerckei">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[854,1274,1743,1766]" pageId="27" pageNumber="160">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[854,1090,1743,1766]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="160">Formica staerckei</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="BETREM" box="[1096,1274,1744,1766]" firstAuthor="BETREM" journalOrPublisher="Entomologische Berichten" pageId="27" pageNumber="160" pagination="130 - 134" part="20" refId="ref44876" refString="BETREM, J. G. 1960: Formica truncorum F. niet inheems. - Entomologische Berichten 20: 130 - 134." title="Formica truncorum F. niet inheems" type="journal article" year="1960">BETREM, 1960</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="27" pageNumber="160" type="reference_group">
<paragraph blockId="27.[816,1438,177,2023]" pageId="27" pageNumber="160">
<treatmentCitation box="[816,1333,1777,1799]" pageId="27" pageNumber="160">
<taxonomicName authority="BETREM, 1960" authorityName="BETREM" authorityYear="1960" box="[816,1333,1777,1799]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="nigricans" variety="staerckei">
<emphasis box="[816,1021,1777,1798]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="160">Formica nigricans</emphasis>
var.
<emphasis box="[1073,1174,1777,1798]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="160">staerckei</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="BETREM" box="[1178,1333,1777,1799]" firstAuthor="BETREM" journalOrPublisher="Entomologische Berichten" pageId="27" pageNumber="160" pagination="130 - 134" part="20" refId="ref44876" refString="BETREM, J. G. 1960: Formica truncorum F. niet inheems. - Entomologische Berichten 20: 130 - 134." title="Formica truncorum F. niet inheems" type="journal article" year="1960">BETREM, 1960</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
[description, zoogeography]
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="161" pageId="27" pageNumber="160" type="discussion">
<paragraph blockId="27.[816,1438,177,2023]" lastBlockId="28.[151,773,177,2023]" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="161" pageId="27" pageNumber="160">
<collectorName box="[854,872,1841,1862]" pageId="27" pageNumber="160">It</collectorName>
was described from a gyne collected by
<collectorName box="[1311,1437,1841,1862]" pageId="27" pageNumber="160">E. Wasman</collectorName>
on
<date box="[853,1002,1872,1894]" pageId="27" pageNumber="160" value="1885-05-30">
<collectingDate box="[853,1002,1872,1894]" pageId="27" pageNumber="160" value="1885-05-30">30 May 1885</collectingDate>
</date>
near
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F52B87F65E2D615DFC9FDC8EFEBD1839:785D603B5E2D615AFBE7DD10FB5B1E58" box="[1070,1226,1873,1895]" country="Netherlands" county="The" municipality="This" name="Castle Exaten" pageId="27" pageNumber="160">Castle Exaten</location>
at
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F52B87F65E2D615DFC9FDC8EFEBD1839:785D603B5E2D615AFB38DD10FAD81E58" box="[1265,1353,1873,1894]" country="Netherlands" county="The" municipality="This" name="Baexem" pageId="27" pageNumber="160">Baexem</location>
(
<collectingCountry name="Netherlands" pageId="27" pageNumber="160">Netherlands</collectingCountry>
).
<bibRefCitation author="BETREM" box="[925,1100,1905,1927]" firstAuthor="BETREM" journalOrPublisher="Entomologische Berichten" pageId="27" pageNumber="160" pagination="130 - 134" part="20" refId="ref44876" refString="BETREM, J. G. 1960: Formica truncorum F. niet inheems. - Entomologische Berichten 20: 130 - 134." title="Formica truncorum F. niet inheems" type="journal article" year="1960">BETREM (1960)</bibRefCitation>
, using low-resolution microscopes, mentioned hairy eyes, absence of long hairs on head, a “practically hairless” mesosoma, and a matt surface of scutellum and gaster.
<collectingMunicipality box="[1202,1252,2001,2023]" pageId="27" pageNumber="160">This</collectingMunicipality>
corresponds to the P-morph of
<taxonomicName authorityName="RETZIUS" authorityYear="1783" box="[332,542,177,198]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pratensis">
<emphasis box="[332,542,177,198]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="161">Formica pratensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<collectingCounty box="[557,599,177,199]" pageId="28" pageNumber="161">The</collectingCounty>
<typeStatus box="[607,656,177,198]" pageId="28" pageNumber="161">type</typeStatus>
specimen should exist in NHM Maastricht but was not available for investigation.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

332
data/F5/2B/87/F52B87F65E2F6158FF5ED83FFC4A1C99.xml Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,332 @@
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4725628" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b9f36fb1-1c9d-4af8-96ca-d57973b94862" ID-GBIF-Taxon="189107700" ID-ISSN="1997-3500" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4725628" approvalRequired="1" checkinTime="1619623649741" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Seifert, Bernhard" docDate="2021" docId="F52B87F65E2F6158FF5ED83FFC4A1C99" docLanguage="en" docName="myrmecNews.31_133-179_printable.pdf" docOrigin="Myrmecological News 31" docSource="http://zoobank.org/0e55c0d7-531a-48d7-a078-148b96bd461d" docTitle="Formica aquilonia YARROW 1955" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="158" masterDocId="0912FF8E5E366141FFC9DA41FF91193E" masterDocTitle="A taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic members of the Formica rufa group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) - the famous mound-building red wood ants" masterLastPageNumber="179" masterPageNumber="133" pageId="25" pageNumber="158" updateTime="1643400285664" updateUser="diego">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>A taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic members of the Formica rufa group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) - the famous mound-building red wood ants</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Seifert, Bernhard</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Myrmecological News</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2021-04-28</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>31</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>133</mods:start>
<mods:end>179</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://zoobank.org/0e55c0d7-531a-48d7-a078-148b96bd461d</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.25849/myrmecol.news_031:133</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">b9f36fb1-1c9d-4af8-96ca-d57973b94862</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1997-3500</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">5582216</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">0E55C0D7-531A-48D7-A078-148B96BD461D</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4725628" ID-GBIF-Taxon="189107700" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4725628" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F52B87F65E2F6158FF5ED83FFC4A1C99" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F52B87F65E2F6158FF5ED83FFC4A1C99" lastPageNumber="158" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">
<subSubSection box="[151,661,638,666]" pageId="25" pageNumber="158" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="25.[151,661,638,666]" box="[151,661,638,666]" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">
<heading bold="true" box="[151,661,638,666]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="158" reason="0">
<treatmentCitation box="[151,661,638,666]" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">
<taxonomicName authority="YARROW, 1955" authorityName="YARROW" authorityYear="1955" box="[151,661,638,666]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="158" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aquilonia">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,661,638,666]" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,437,638,666]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">Formica aquilonia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="YARROW" box="[445,661,639,666]" firstAuthor="YARROW" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Society for British Entomology" pageId="25" pageNumber="158" pagination="1 - 48" part="12" refId="ref47744" refString="YARROW, I. H. H. 1955: The British ants allied to Formica rufa L. - Transactions of the Society for British Entomology 12: 1 - 48." title="The British ants allied to Formica rufa L" type="journal article" year="1955">YARROW, 1955</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="25" pageNumber="158" type="reference_group">
<paragraph blockId="25.[151,773,689,2023]" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">
<treatmentCitation box="[151,525,689,711]" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">
<taxonomicName authority="YARROW, 1955" authorityName="YARROW" authorityYear="1955" box="[151,525,689,711]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="158" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aquilonia">
<emphasis box="[151,359,689,710]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">Formica aquilonia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="YARROW" box="[367,525,689,711]" firstAuthor="YARROW" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Society for British Entomology" pageId="25" pageNumber="158" pagination="1 - 48" part="12" refId="ref47744" refString="YARROW, I. H. H. 1955: The British ants allied to Formica rufa L. - Transactions of the Society for British Entomology 12: 1 - 48." title="The British ants allied to Formica rufa L" type="journal article" year="1955">YARROW, 1955</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
[description, photo of
<typeStatus box="[151,250,721,743]" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">holotype</typeStatus>
, zoogeography]
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="25" pageNumber="158" type="discussion">
<paragraph blockId="25.[151,773,689,2023]" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F52B87F65E2F6158FF5ED83FFC4A1C99:785D603B5E2F6158FF74D8B0FF7F1A39" box="[189,238,753,775]" country="United Kingdom" county="Pertshire" latitude="56.667" longLatPrecision="63" longitude="-4.347" municipality="Black Wood of Rannoch" name="This" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">This</location>
taxon was described from
<collectingMunicipality pageId="25" pageNumber="158">Black Wood of Rannoch</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingCounty box="[221,328,785,807]" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">Pertshire</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingCountry box="[341,440,785,807]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">Scotland</collectingCountry>
(
<geoCoordinate box="[456,574,785,807]" degrees="56.667" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="25" pageNumber="158" precision="55" value="56.667">56.667° N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate box="[587,698,785,806]" degrees="4.347" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="25" pageNumber="158" precision="55" value="-4.347">4.347° W</geoCoordinate>
). YAR- ROW (1955)’s description of gynes and workers, the pictures of the
<typeStatus box="[293,391,849,871]" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">holotype</typeStatus>
gyne in AntWeb (
<bibRefCitation accessDate="2021-01-15" author="ANTWEB" box="[601,764,849,871]" firstAuthor="ANTWEB" pageId="25" pageNumber="158" publicationUrl="https://www.antweb.org&gt;" refId="ref44610" refString="ANTWEB 2021: AntWeb Version 8.54. 4. - &lt;https: // www. antweb. org&gt;, retrieved on 15 January 2021." title="AntWeb Version 8.54. 4." type="url" year="2021">
<specimenCode box="[601,764,849,871]" collectionCode="ANTWEB" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">ANTWEB 2021</specimenCode>
</bibRefCitation>
) (
<specimenCode box="[158,363,881,903]" collectionCode="CASENT" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">CASENT0903277</specimenCode>
), and the geographic position of the type locality unquestionably indicate the identity of this taxon.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="25" pageNumber="158" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph blockId="25.[151,773,689,2023]" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">
All material examined. Numeric phenotypical data were recorded in 81 nest samples with
<specimenCount box="[636,771,1009,1031]" pageId="25" pageNumber="158" type="worker">381 workers</specimenCount>
and 30 gynes.
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F52B87F65E2F6158FF5ED83FFC4A1C99:785D603B5E2F6158FEE6DE50FEFE1D19" box="[303,367,1041,1063]" country="Austria" county="The" municipality="For" name="These" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">These</location>
originated from
<collectingCountry box="[546,627,1041,1063]" name="Austria" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">Austria</collectingCountry>
(17 samples), Czechia (three),
<collectingCountry box="[336,423,1073,1095]" name="Finland" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">Finland</collectingCountry>
(24), Scotland (one),
<collectingCountry box="[667,771,1073,1095]" name="Mongolia" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">Mongolia</collectingCountry>
(five),
<collectingCountry box="[225,313,1105,1126]" name="Norway" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">Norway</collectingCountry>
(three),
<collectingCountry box="[415,491,1105,1127]" name="Russia" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">Russia</collectingCountry>
(19),
<collectingCountry box="[560,647,1105,1127]" name="Sweden" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">Sweden</collectingCountry>
(one), and
<collectingCountry box="[151,287,1137,1159]" name="Switzerland" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">Switzerland</collectingCountry>
(eight).
<collectingMunicipality box="[384,422,1137,1158]" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">For</collectingMunicipality>
details, see SI1, SI2, and SI3.
<collectingCounty box="[151,192,1169,1191]" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">The</collectingCounty>
total number of samples numerically or subjectively investigated was 130.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="25" pageNumber="158" type="distribution">
<paragraph blockId="25.[151,773,689,2023]" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">
Geographic range. Eurosiberian-boreomontane. Continuous range from
<collectingCountry box="[421,771,1265,1287]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">Northern Ireland and Scotland</collectingCountry>
to
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F52B87F65E2F6158FF5ED83FFC4A1C99:785D603B5E2F6158FF7CDF50FEAD1C19" box="[181,316,1297,1319]" country="United Kingdom" county="Eastern Alps" latitude="63.0" longLatPrecision="0" longitude="9.0" municipality="Bohemian Forest" name="East Siberia" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">East Siberia</location>
(
<geoCoordinate box="[332,409,1297,1318]" degrees="131" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="25" pageNumber="158" precision="55555" value="131.0">131° E</geoCoordinate>
), in Fennoscandia between 56.3 and
<geoCoordinate box="[201,267,1329,1350]" degrees="71" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="25" pageNumber="158" precision="55555" value="71.0">71° N</geoCoordinate>
, and in Siberia between 47.5 and
<geoCoordinate box="[650,718,1328,1350]" degrees="63" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="25" pageNumber="158" precision="55555" value="63.0">63° N</geoCoordinate>
. The montane range in Europe extends from SE to NW over the
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F52B87F65E2F6158FF5ED83FFC4A1C99:785D603B5E2F6158FF5EDF31FED51CB8" box="[151,324,1392,1414]" country="United Kingdom" county="Eastern Alps" latitude="63.0" longLatPrecision="0" longitude="9.0" municipality="Bohemian Forest" name="Rila Mountains" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">
Rila
<collectorName box="[202,377,1392,1414]" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">Mountains, NW</collectorName>
</location>
Carpathians,
<collectingMunicipality box="[531,720,1392,1414]" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">Bohemian Forest</collectingMunicipality>
, and the
<collectingCounty box="[194,337,1424,1446]" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">Eastern Alps</collectingCounty>
westward to
<geoCoordinate box="[489,542,1425,1446]" degrees="9" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="25" pageNumber="158" precision="55555" value="9.0">9° E</geoCoordinate>
.
<collectorName box="[553,577,1425,1446]" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">In</collectorName>
the
<collectorName box="[629,678,1424,1446]" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">Alps</collectorName>
ascending to
<quantity box="[223,304,1457,1478]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" pageId="25" pageNumber="158" unit="m" value="2400.0">
<elevation box="[223,304,1457,1478]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" pageId="25" pageNumber="158" unit="m" value="2400.0">2400 m</elevation>
</quantity>
. Main distribution in the Alps within the autochthonous distributional area of
<taxonomicName authority="(EICHHORN 1964)" baseAuthorityName="EICHHORN" baseAuthorityYear="1964" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Larix" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="25" pageNumber="158" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[574,637,1489,1510]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">Larix</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation author="EICHHORN" firstAuthor="EICHHORN" journalOrPublisher="Zeitschrift fur Angewandte Entomologie" pageId="25" pageNumber="158" pagination="253 - 289" part="43" refId="ref45382" refString="EICHHORN, O. 1964: Zur Verbreitung und Okologie der hugelbauenden Waldameisen. - Zeitschrift fur Angewandte Entomologie 43: 253 - 289." title="Zur Verbreitung und Okologie der hugelbauenden Waldameisen" type="journal article" year="1964">EICHHORN 1964</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="25" pageNumber="158" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph blockId="25.[151,773,689,2023]" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">
Diagnosis of worker (
<tableCitation box="[511,597,1553,1575]" captionStart="Tab" captionStartId="12.[151,191,177,199]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,288,1992]" captionTargetId="graphics-52@12.[151,1437,281,2018]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Tab.2: Workers of species and hybrids similar to Formica rufa and Formica aquilonia; head size and RAV-corrected data for the assumption of each individual having a head size of 1750µm; data given as arithmetic mean ± standard deviation (lower extreme, upper extreme) number of individuals." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/29FD66685E3A614DFF5EDAF0FDB11839" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">Tab. 2</tableCitation>
, key). Small; mean and maximum
<collectionCode box="[394,424,1585,1606]" country="France" name="Musee des Dinosaures d'Esperaza (Aude)" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">CS</collectionCode>
over all social
<typeStatus box="[598,659,1585,1606]" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">types</typeStatus>
1575 and
<quantity box="[151,251,1617,1638]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.902" pageId="25" pageNumber="158" unit="mm" value="1902.0">1902 µm</quantity>
. Scape short and rather thickset,
<collectionCode box="[644,673,1617,1638]" country="Sierra Leone" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14608" name="University of Sierra Leone, Njala University College" pageId="25" pageNumber="158" type="Herbarium">SL</collectionCode>
/ CS
<subScript attach="left" box="[732,771,1626,1640]" fontSize="6" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">1750</subScript>
0.908,
<collectionCode box="[230,259,1649,1670]" country="Sierra Leone" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14608" name="University of Sierra Leone, Njala University College" pageId="25" pageNumber="158" type="Herbarium">SL</collectionCode>
/ Smax
<subScript attach="left" box="[351,390,1658,1672]" fontSize="6" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">1750</subScript>
9.25. Setae on eyes rather short, EyeHL
<subScript attach="left" box="[226,264,1690,1704]" fontSize="6" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">1750</subScript>
<quantity box="[271,341,1681,1702]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" pageId="25" pageNumber="158" unit="mm" value="24.0">24 µm</quantity>
; setae on dorsal plane of scape usually absent or few, nSc
<subScript attach="left" box="[350,388,1722,1736]" fontSize="6" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">1750</subScript>
usually 0 - 2; head margin behind eyes with few short setae which usually concentrate at the occipital corners, nCH
<subScript attach="left" box="[404,442,1786,1800]" fontSize="6" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">1750</subScript>
5.1, OccHL
<subScript attach="left" box="[576,614,1786,1800]" fontSize="6" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">1750</subScript>
<quantity box="[623,694,1777,1799]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.4" pageId="25" pageNumber="158" unit="mm" value="64.0">64 µm</quantity>
; gular, pronotal, and propodeal setae sparse and rather short, nPn
<subScript attach="left" box="[196,234,1850,1864]" fontSize="6" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">1750</subScript>
7.9,mPnHL
<subScript attach="left" box="[367,405,1850,1864]" fontSize="6" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">1750</subScript>
<quantity box="[411,479,1841,1862]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.2" pageId="25" pageNumber="158" unit="mm" value="42.0">42µm</quantity>
, nPr
<subScript attach="left" box="[528,566,1850,1864]" fontSize="6" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">1750</subScript>
5.8; seta on lateral mesopleuron more numerous but on lateral metapleuron absent or very few and of moderate length, nMes
<subScript attach="left" box="[678,716,1914,1928]" fontSize="6" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">1750</subScript>
14.7, nMet
<subScript attach="left" box="[209,247,1946,1960]" fontSize="6" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">1750</subScript>
1.8, MetHL
<subScript attach="left" box="[378,416,1946,1960]" fontSize="6" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">1750</subScript>
<quantity box="[422,489,1937,1959]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.6" pageId="25" pageNumber="158" unit="mm" value="86.0">86µm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="25.[151,773,689,2023]" lastBlockId="25.[816,1438,177,1447]" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">
Diagnosis of gyne (
<tableCitation box="[478,564,1969,1991]" captionStart="Tab" captionStartId="16.[151,191,177,199]" captionTargetBox="[158,1429,256,2005]" captionTargetId="graphics-28@16.[151,1437,249,2018]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Tab.6: Gynes of species and hybrids with sparse pilosity; data given as arithmetic mean ± standard deviation (lower extreme, upper extreme) number of individuals." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/29FD66685E266151FF5EDAF0FDB119D9" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">Tab. 6</tableCitation>
,
<figureCitation box="[588,668,1969,1991]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="9.[151,197,1753,1775]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,170,1729]" captionTargetId="figure-11@9.[594,1146,882,1245]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figs.5-13: (5-ussu) Formica ussuriensis sp.n., worker, holotype, head. (6-ussu) Formica ussuriensis sp.n., worker, holotype, lateral.(7-ussu) Formica ussuriensis sp.n., gyne, head; note the more trapezoid headshape.(8-aqui) Formica aquilonia, gyne, head; note the more rounded head shape.(9-prat) Formica pratensis, worker, neotype, head; note the more reticulate microsculpture of central vertex compared with Formica lugubris (Figs.14, 15), producing a matt surface appearance.(10-prat) Formica pratensis, worker, neotype, lateral aspect. (11-prat) Formica pratensis, gyne, P morph, lateral; almost no setae on head, mesosoma, and first gaster tergite. (12-prat) Formica pratensis, gyne, N morph, lateral; many setae on head, mesosoma, and first gaster tergite. (13-kupy) Formica kupyanskayae, gyne, head." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5582236" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5582236/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
). Small; mean and maximum
<collectionCode box="[389,419,2001,2022]" country="France" name="Musee des Dinosaures d'Esperaza (Aude)" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">CS</collectionCode>
2015 and
<quantity box="[536,631,2001,2022]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.173" pageId="25" pageNumber="158" unit="mm" value="2173.0">2173 µm</quantity>
. Scape short and thickset,
<collectionCode box="[973,1002,177,198]" country="Sierra Leone" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14608" name="University of Sierra Leone, Njala University College" pageId="25" pageNumber="158" type="Herbarium">SL</collectionCode>
/
<collectionCode box="[1030,1060,177,198]" country="France" name="Musee des Dinosaures d'Esperaza (Aude)" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">CS</collectionCode>
0.810,
<collectionCode box="[1146,1175,177,198]" country="Sierra Leone" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14608" name="University of Sierra Leone, Njala University College" pageId="25" pageNumber="158" type="Herbarium">SL</collectionCode>
/ Smax 8.32. Setae on eyes rather short, EyeHL
<quantity box="[1115,1188,209,230]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" pageId="25" pageNumber="158" unit="mm" value="29.0">29 µm</quantity>
; head margin behind eyes with very few short setae which usually concentrate at the occipital corners, nCH 2.1, OccHL
<quantity box="[1287,1359,273,294]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="25" pageNumber="158" unit="mm" value="30.0">30 µm</quantity>
; gular, pronotal, mesopleural, and metapleural setae and those on frontal face of first gaster tergite few and rather short, nGu 3.1, GuHL
<quantity box="[988,1056,368,390]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.1" pageId="25" pageNumber="158" unit="mm" value="51.0">51 µm</quantity>
, PnHL
<quantity box="[1138,1208,369,390]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.3" pageId="25" pageNumber="158" unit="mm" value="43.0">43 µm</quantity>
, nMes 2.5, nMet 1.4, MetHL
<quantity box="[902,972,401,422]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="25" pageNumber="158" unit="mm" value="30.0">30 µm</quantity>
, nGfr 8.1, GfrHL
<quantity box="[1165,1235,401,423]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.4" pageId="25" pageNumber="158" unit="mm" value="64.0">64 µm</quantity>
. Margin of petiole scale above spiracle with few short setae. Pigmentation without peculiarities. Dorsum of gaster shiny but less than in
<taxonomicName authorityName="LINNAEUS" authorityYear="1761" box="[899,1045,497,518]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="158" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufa">
<emphasis box="[899,1045,497,518]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">Formica rufa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; foveolae on first gaster tergite more dense, FodG
<quantity box="[958,1044,529,550]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.77" pageId="25" pageNumber="158" unit="mm" value="27.7">27.7 µm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="25" pageNumber="158" type="discussion">
<paragraph blockId="25.[816,1438,177,1447]" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">
<collectionCode box="[854,1007,561,583]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">Taxonomic</collectionCode>
comments and clustering re-sults. Results of clustering are shown and commented in section “
<taxonomicName authorityName="YARROW" authorityYear="1955" box="[937,1143,625,646]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="158" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aquilonia">
<emphasis box="[937,1143,625,646]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">Formica aquilonia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
×
<taxonomicName authorityName="FOERSTER" authorityYear="1850" box="[1170,1279,625,646]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="158" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polyctena">
<emphasis box="[1170,1279,625,646]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">polyctena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
– hybrids and backcrosses” (p. 156). Frequent hybridization and introgression raise the question if
<taxonomicName authorityName="YARROW" authorityYear="1955" box="[1149,1283,689,710]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="158" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aquilonia">
<emphasis box="[1149,1283,689,710]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">F. aquilonia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName authorityName="FOERSTER" authorityYear="1850" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="158" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polyctena">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">Formica polyctena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be considered as separate species. One option would be to reduce them to subspecies with differing climatic adaptations – boreo-montane and frost-hardy in
<taxonomicName authorityName="YARROW" authorityYear="1955" box="[816,947,817,838]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="158" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aquilonia">
<emphasis box="[816,947,817,838]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">F. aquilonia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and temperate-planar-colline and less frosthardy in
<taxonomicName authorityName="FOERSTER" authorityYear="1850" box="[921,1061,849,870]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="158" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polyctena">
<emphasis box="[921,1061,849,870]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">F. polyctena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. I advocate here, for operational and pragmatic reasons, to stay with a nomenclatorial treatment as different species. Reticulate evolution in the
<taxonomicName authorityName="LINNAEUS" authorityYear="1761" box="[816,966,945,966]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="158" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufa">
<emphasis box="[816,966,945,966]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">Formica rufa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group as a whole already produces a diffi- cult taxonomic situation which would be further complicated if we abandon the parsimonious binary naming. A third, radical solution, synonymizing
<taxonomicName authorityName="YARROW" authorityYear="1955" box="[1226,1357,1041,1062]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="158" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aquilonia">
<emphasis box="[1226,1357,1041,1062]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">F. aquilonia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with
<taxonomicName authorityName="FOERSTER" authorityYear="1850" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="158" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polyctena">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">F. polyctena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and then, as a logical consequence (see section “
<treatmentCitation box="[826,1167,1105,1127]" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">
<taxonomicName authority="LINNAEUS, 1761" authorityName="LINNAEUS" authorityYear="1761" box="[826,1167,1105,1127]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="158" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufa">
<emphasis box="[826,979,1105,1126]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">Formica rufa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="LINNAEUS" bookContentInfo="578 pp." box="[988,1167,1105,1127]" firstAuthor="LINNAEUS" journalOrPublisher="L. Salvii, Stockholmiae" pageId="25" pageNumber="158" refId="ref46105" refString="LINNAEUS, C. 1761: Fauna suecica sistens animalia Sueciae regni: Mammalia, Aves, Amphibia, Pisces, Insecta, Vermes. Editio altera, auctior. - L. Salvii, Stockholmiae [= Stockholm], 48 + 578 pp." title="Fauna suecica sistens animalia Sueciae regni: Mammalia, Aves, Amphibia, Pisces, Insecta, Vermes. Editio altera, auctior" type="book" year="1761">LINNAEUS, 1761</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
”, p. 152), synonymizing these two taxa also with
<taxonomicName authorityName="LINNAEUS" authorityYear="1761" box="[1098,1173,1137,1158]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="158" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufa">
<emphasis box="[1098,1173,1137,1158]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">F. rufa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, causes more problems than it solves. Speaking only of
<taxonomicName authorityName="LINNAEUS" authorityYear="1761" box="[1188,1266,1169,1190]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="158" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufa">
<emphasis box="[1188,1266,1169,1190]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">F. rufa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
would cause a loss of information on the structure of biodiversity and on the natural history of its elements. For hybridization with
<taxonomicName authorityName="ZETTERSTEDT" authorityYear="1838" box="[926,1122,1265,1286]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="158" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lugubris">
<emphasis box="[926,1122,1265,1286]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">Formica lugubris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName authorityName="SEIFERT" authorityYear="1996" box="[1179,1429,1265,1286]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="158" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paralugubris">
<emphasis box="[1179,1429,1265,1286]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">Formica paralugubris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, see sections “Hybrids
<taxonomicName authorityName="YARROW" authorityYear="1955" box="[1077,1295,1297,1318]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="158" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aquilonia">
<emphasis box="[1077,1295,1297,1318]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">Formica aquilonia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
×
<emphasis box="[1328,1436,1297,1318]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">
<taxonomicName authorityName="ZETTERSTEDT" authorityYear="1838" box="[1328,1428,1297,1318]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="158" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lugubris">lugubris</taxonomicName>
”
</emphasis>
(p.152) and “Hybrids
<taxonomicName authorityName="YARROW" authorityYear="1955" box="[1051,1254,1329,1350]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="158" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aquilonia">
<emphasis box="[1051,1254,1329,1350]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">Formica aquilonia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
×
<emphasis box="[1280,1436,1329,1350]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">
<taxonomicName authorityName="SEIFERT" authorityYear="1996" box="[1280,1429,1329,1350]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="158" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paralugubris">paralugubris</taxonomicName>
”
</emphasis>
(p.156).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="25" pageNumber="158" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph blockId="25.[816,1438,177,1447]" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">
Habitat and biology. See the species profile in
<bibRefCitation author="SEIFERT" bookContentInfo="408 pp." box="[816,984,1425,1447]" firstAuthor="SEIFERT" journalOrPublisher="Lutra Verlags- und Vertriebsgesellschaft, Tauer" pageId="25" pageNumber="158" refId="ref46930" refString="SEIFERT, B. 2018: The ants of Central and North Europe. - Lutra Verlags- und Vertriebsgesellschaft, Tauer, 408 pp." title="The ants of Central and North Europe" type="book" year="2018">SEIFERT (2018)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

393
data/F5/2B/87/F52B87F65E2F615BFCF9DFFFFA0C1F78.xml Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,393 @@
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4725630" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b9f36fb1-1c9d-4af8-96ca-d57973b94862" ID-GBIF-Taxon="189107701" ID-ISSN="1997-3500" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4725630" approvalRequired="1" checkinTime="1619623649741" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Seifert, Bernhard" docDate="2021" docId="F52B87F65E2F615BFCF9DFFFFA0C1F78" docLanguage="en" docName="myrmecNews.31_133-179_printable.pdf" docOrigin="Myrmecological News 31" docSource="http://zoobank.org/0e55c0d7-531a-48d7-a078-148b96bd461d" docTitle="Formica ussuriensis Seifert 2021, sp.n." docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="159" masterDocId="0912FF8E5E366141FFC9DA41FF91193E" masterDocTitle="A taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic members of the Formica rufa group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) - the famous mound-building red wood ants" masterLastPageNumber="179" masterPageNumber="133" pageId="25" pageNumber="158" updateTime="1643400285664" updateUser="diego">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>A taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic members of the Formica rufa group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) - the famous mound-building red wood ants</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Seifert, Bernhard</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Myrmecological News</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2021-04-28</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>31</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>133</mods:start>
<mods:end>179</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://zoobank.org/0e55c0d7-531a-48d7-a078-148b96bd461d</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.25849/myrmecol.news_031:133</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">b9f36fb1-1c9d-4af8-96ca-d57973b94862</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1997-3500</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">5582216</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">0E55C0D7-531A-48D7-A078-148B96BD461D</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4725630" ID-GBIF-Taxon="189107701" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4725630" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F52B87F65E2F615BFCF9DFFFFA0C1F78" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F52B87F65E2F615BFCF9DFFFFA0C1F78" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="159" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">
<subSubSection box="[816,1214,1470,1498]" pageId="25" pageNumber="158" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="25.[816,1214,1470,1498]" box="[816,1214,1470,1498]" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">
<heading bold="true" box="[816,1214,1470,1498]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="158" reason="0">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[816,1214,1470,1498]" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">
<taxonomicName authority="Seifert, 2021" authorityName="Seifert" authorityYear="2021" box="[816,1134,1470,1498]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="158" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ussuriensis" status="sp.n.">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[816,1134,1470,1498]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">Formica ussuriensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1141,1214,1472,1498]" pageId="25" pageNumber="158" rank="species">sp.n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="25" pageNumber="158" type="etymology">
<paragraph blockId="25.[816,1437,1521,2023]" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">Etymology. Referring to the region of the river Ussuri in which the species occurs.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="25" pageNumber="158" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph blockId="25.[816,1437,1521,2023]" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">
<collectionCode box="[854,920,1585,1606]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">Type</collectionCode>
material.
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1999-09-14" collectorName="L. Kanter" country="Russia" elevation="770" latitude="43.24" location="Ussuri" longLatPrecision="686" longitude="133.39" municipality="Ussuri" pageId="25" pageNumber="158" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-worker="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus box="[1085,1186,1585,1607]" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">Holotype</typeStatus>
<specimenCount box="[1192,1268,1585,1607]" pageId="25" pageNumber="158" type="worker">worker</specimenCount>
plus four paratype workers labelled “
<collectingCountry box="[1085,1139,1617,1638]" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">RUS</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingMunicipality box="[1152,1232,1617,1639]" country="Russia" county="Mt. Lysaya Sopka" latitude="43.24" longLatPrecision="686" longitude="133.39" municipality="Pioniervegetation" name="Ussuri" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">Ussuri</collectingMunicipality>
:
<geoCoordinate box="[1244,1329,1617,1638]" degrees="43.24" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="25" pageNumber="158" precision="555" value="43.24">43.24N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate box="[1342,1436,1617,1638]" degrees="133.39" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="25" pageNumber="158" precision="555" value="133.39">133.39E</geoCoordinate>
<quantity box="[816,881,1649,1670]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.7" pageId="25" pageNumber="158" unit="m" value="770.0">
<elevation box="[816,881,1649,1670]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.7" pageId="25" pageNumber="158" unit="m" value="770.0">770m</elevation>
</quantity>
, ober. Povarotnaja-Tal, lehmiger Hangschutt, Sandboden mit Pioniervegetation,
<date box="[1132,1248,1681,1702]" pageId="25" pageNumber="158" value="1999-09-14">
<collectingDate box="[1132,1248,1681,1702]" pageId="25" pageNumber="158" value="1999-09-14">1999.09.14</collectingDate>
</date>
-050 (
<collectorName box="[1315,1415,1681,1703]" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">L.Kanter</collectorName>
)”;
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1999-09-03" collectorName="L. Kanter" country="Russia" elevation="850" latitude="43.01" location="Ussuri" longLatPrecision="688" longitude="133.21" pageId="25" pageNumber="158" specimenCount="5" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount box="[816,830,1712,1734]" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">5</specimenCount>
<typeStatus box="[841,946,1713,1734]" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">paratype</typeStatus>
<specimenType box="[958,1051,1713,1735]" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">workers</specimenType>
labelled “
<collectingCountry box="[1177,1233,1713,1734]" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">RUS</collectingCountry>
:
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F52B87F65E2F615BFCF9DFFFFA0C1F78:785D603B5E2F6158FB16DCF0FAA01FF9" box="[1247,1329,1713,1735]" country="Russia" county="Mt. Lysaya Sopka" latitude="43.01" longLatPrecision="688" longitude="133.21" name="Ussuri" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">Ussuri</location>
:
<geoCoordinate box="[1345,1431,1713,1734]" degrees="43.01" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="25" pageNumber="158" precision="555" value="43.01">43.01N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate box="[816,908,1745,1766]" degrees="133.21" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="25" pageNumber="158" precision="555" value="133.21">133.21E</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity box="[917,982,1744,1766]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" pageId="25" pageNumber="158" unit="m" value="850.0">
<elevation box="[917,982,1744,1766]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" pageId="25" pageNumber="158" unit="m" value="850.0">850m</elevation>
</quantity>
; S- Mt. Lysaya Sopka, dunkle Fichten-Tannen-Taiga,
<date box="[935,1056,1777,1798]" pageId="25" pageNumber="158" value="1999-09-03">
<collectingDate box="[935,1056,1777,1798]" pageId="25" pageNumber="158" value="1999-09-03">1999.09.03</collectingDate>
</date>
-037 (
<collectorName box="[1124,1225,1777,1799]" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">L.Kanter</collectorName>
)”;
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1999-09-14" collectionCode="SMN" collectorName="L. Kanter" country="Russia" elevation="555" latitude="43.24" location="Ussuri" longLatPrecision="686" longitude="133.39" municipality="Ussuri" pageId="25" pageNumber="158" specimenCount="5" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount box="[1252,1266,1777,1799]" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">5</specimenCount>
<typeStatus box="[1271,1369,1777,1798]" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">paratype</typeStatus>
<specimenType pageId="25" pageNumber="158">workers</specimenType>
labelled “
<collectingCountry box="[958,1011,1809,1830]" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">RUS</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingMunicipality box="[1020,1097,1809,1831]" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">Ussuri</collectingMunicipality>
:
<geoCoordinate box="[1106,1188,1809,1830]" degrees="43.24" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="25" pageNumber="158" precision="555" value="43.24">43.24N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate box="[1198,1292,1809,1830]" degrees="133.39" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="25" pageNumber="158" precision="555" value="133.39">133.39E</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity box="[1302,1367,1809,1831]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.55" pageId="25" pageNumber="158" unit="m" value="555.0">
<elevation box="[1302,1367,1809,1831]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.55" pageId="25" pageNumber="158" unit="m" value="555.0">555 m</elevation>
</quantity>
; ober. Povaratnaya-Tal; sandige Flussterrasse,
<date box="[1260,1378,1841,1862]" pageId="25" pageNumber="158" value="1999-09-14">
<collectingDate box="[1260,1378,1841,1862]" pageId="25" pageNumber="158" value="1999-09-14">1999.09.14</collectingDate>
</date>
-051 (
<collectorName box="[824,925,1873,1895]" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">L.Kanter</collectorName>
)”; depository
<collectionCode box="[1075,1131,1873,1894]" collectionName="SMN" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">SMN</collectionCode>
Görlitz.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="25.[816,1437,1521,2023]" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">
All material examined. Numeric phenotypical data were recorded in 10 nest samples with
<specimenCount box="[1275,1391,1937,1959]" pageId="25" pageNumber="158" type="worker">41 workers</specimenCount>
and three gynes. All these originated from Russian Far East. For details, see SI1, SI2, and SI3.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="26" pageNumber="159" type="distribution">
<paragraph blockId="26.[151,773,177,2023]" pageId="26" pageNumber="159">
Geographic range. Known are eight sites in the Ussuri River / Sichote Alin region situated at altitudes between 270 and
<quantity box="[346,413,240,262]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" pageId="26" pageNumber="159" unit="m" value="850.0">850 m</quantity>
, and latitudes between 43.0 and
<geoCoordinate box="[151,238,273,294]" degrees="48.3" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="26" pageNumber="159" precision="5555" value="48.3">48.3° N</geoCoordinate>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="26" pageNumber="159" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph blockId="26.[151,773,177,2023]" pageId="26" pageNumber="159">
Diagnosis of worker (
<tableCitation box="[546,637,305,327]" captionStart="Tab" captionStartId="12.[151,191,177,199]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,288,1992]" captionTargetId="graphics-52@12.[151,1437,281,2018]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Tab.2: Workers of species and hybrids similar to Formica rufa and Formica aquilonia; head size and RAV-corrected data for the assumption of each individual having a head size of 1750µm; data given as arithmetic mean ± standard deviation (lower extreme, upper extreme) number of individuals." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/29FD66685E3A614DFF5EDAF0FDB11839" pageId="26" pageNumber="159">Tab. 2</tableCitation>
,
<figureCitation box="[669,771,304,327]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="9.[151,197,1753,1775]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,170,1729]" captionTargetId="figure-11@9.[594,1146,882,1245]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figs.5-13: (5-ussu) Formica ussuriensis sp.n., worker, holotype, head. (6-ussu) Formica ussuriensis sp.n., worker, holotype, lateral.(7-ussu) Formica ussuriensis sp.n., gyne, head; note the more trapezoid headshape.(8-aqui) Formica aquilonia, gyne, head; note the more rounded head shape.(9-prat) Formica pratensis, worker, neotype, head; note the more reticulate microsculpture of central vertex compared with Formica lugubris (Figs.14, 15), producing a matt surface appearance.(10-prat) Formica pratensis, worker, neotype, lateral aspect. (11-prat) Formica pratensis, gyne, P morph, lateral; almost no setae on head, mesosoma, and first gaster tergite. (12-prat) Formica pratensis, gyne, N morph, lateral; many setae on head, mesosoma, and first gaster tergite. (13-kupy) Formica kupyanskayae, gyne, head." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5582236" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5582236/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="159">Figs. 5</figureCitation>
and
<figureCitation box="[218,232,337,359]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="9.[151,197,1753,1775]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,170,1729]" captionTargetId="figure-11@9.[594,1146,882,1245]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figs.5-13: (5-ussu) Formica ussuriensis sp.n., worker, holotype, head. (6-ussu) Formica ussuriensis sp.n., worker, holotype, lateral.(7-ussu) Formica ussuriensis sp.n., gyne, head; note the more trapezoid headshape.(8-aqui) Formica aquilonia, gyne, head; note the more rounded head shape.(9-prat) Formica pratensis, worker, neotype, head; note the more reticulate microsculpture of central vertex compared with Formica lugubris (Figs.14, 15), producing a matt surface appearance.(10-prat) Formica pratensis, worker, neotype, lateral aspect. (11-prat) Formica pratensis, gyne, P morph, lateral; almost no setae on head, mesosoma, and first gaster tergite. (12-prat) Formica pratensis, gyne, N morph, lateral; many setae on head, mesosoma, and first gaster tergite. (13-kupy) Formica kupyanskayae, gyne, head." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5582236" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5582236/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="159">6</figureCitation>
, key). S imilar to
<taxonomicName authorityName="YARROW" authorityYear="1955" box="[468,675,337,358]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aquilonia">
<emphasis box="[468,675,337,358]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="159">Formica aquilonia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; slightly smaller, mean and maximum
<collectionCode box="[469,499,369,390]" country="France" name="Musee des Dinosaures d'Esperaza (Aude)" pageId="26" pageNumber="159">CS</collectionCode>
over all social
<typeStatus box="[654,713,369,390]" pageId="26" pageNumber="159">types</typeStatus>
1537 and
<quantity box="[200,298,401,422]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.808" pageId="26" pageNumber="159" unit="mm" value="1808.0">1808 µm</quantity>
. Scape as short but less thickset than in
<taxonomicName authority=", SL" authorityName="SL" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aquilonia">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="159">F. aquilonia</emphasis>
, SL
</taxonomicName>
/
<collectionCode box="[326,355,433,454]" country="France" name="Musee des Dinosaures d'Esperaza (Aude)" pageId="26" pageNumber="159">CS</collectionCode>
<subScript attach="left" box="[355,393,442,456]" fontSize="6" pageId="26" pageNumber="159">1750</subScript>
0.903,
<collectionCode box="[476,504,433,454]" country="Sierra Leone" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14608" name="University of Sierra Leone, Njala University College" pageId="26" pageNumber="159" type="Herbarium">SL</collectionCode>
/ Smax
<subScript attach="left" box="[592,630,442,456]" fontSize="6" pageId="26" pageNumber="159">1750</subScript>
9.51. Petiole on average wider than in any other species, PeW /
<collectionCode box="[704,733,465,486]" country="France" name="Musee des Dinosaures d'Esperaza (Aude)" pageId="26" pageNumber="159">CS</collectionCode>
<subScript attach="left" box="[733,771,474,488]" fontSize="6" pageId="26" pageNumber="159">1750</subScript>
0.519. Setae on eyes rather short, EyeHL
<subScript attach="left" box="[591,629,506,520]" fontSize="6" pageId="26" pageNumber="159">1750</subScript>
<quantity box="[635,705,497,519]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="26" pageNumber="159" unit="mm" value="26.0">26 µm</quantity>
; setae on dorsal plane of scape much more numerous than in
<taxonomicName box="[151,285,561,582]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aquilonia">
<emphasis box="[151,285,561,582]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="159">F. aquilonia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, nSc
<subScript attach="left" box="[338,376,570,584]" fontSize="6" pageId="26" pageNumber="159">1750</subScript>
10.8; setae on head margin behind eyes more numerous than in
<taxonomicName box="[490,628,593,614]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aquilonia">
<emphasis box="[490,628,593,614]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="159">F. aquilonia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and slightly longer, nCH
<subScript attach="left" box="[284,322,634,648]" fontSize="6" pageId="26" pageNumber="159">1750</subScript>
10.9, OccHL
<subScript attach="left" box="[467,505,634,648]" fontSize="6" pageId="26" pageNumber="159">1750</subScript>
<quantity box="[514,584,625,646]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="26" pageNumber="159" unit="mm" value="80.0">80 µm</quantity>
; gular, pronotal, propodeal, and metanotal setae sparse and short as in
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aquilonia">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="159">F. aquilonia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with exception of clearly longer metanotal setae, nGu
<subScript attach="left" box="[198,237,730,744]" fontSize="6" pageId="26" pageNumber="159">1750</subScript>
5.6, GuHL
<subScript attach="left" box="[364,404,730,744]" fontSize="6" pageId="26" pageNumber="159">1750</subScript>
<quantity box="[409,464,721,742]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.17" pageId="26" pageNumber="159" unit="m" value="117.0">117µ</quantity>
m, nPn
<subScript attach="left" box="[550,589,730,744]" fontSize="6" pageId="26" pageNumber="159">1750</subScript>
7.1, mPnHL
<subScript attach="left" box="[732,771,730,744]" fontSize="6" pageId="26" pageNumber="159">1750</subScript>
<quantity box="[151,192,753,774]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.7" pageId="26" pageNumber="159" unit="m" value="47.0">47µ</quantity>
m, nPr
<subScript attach="left" box="[266,304,762,776]" fontSize="6" pageId="26" pageNumber="159">1750</subScript>
3.5; mMet
<subScript attach="left" box="[419,457,762,776]" fontSize="6" pageId="26" pageNumber="159">1750</subScript>
3.8, MetHL
<subScript attach="left" box="[584,622,762,776]" fontSize="6" pageId="26" pageNumber="159">1750</subScript>
<quantity box="[627,706,753,774]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.41" pageId="26" pageNumber="159" unit="mm" value="141.0">141µm</quantity>
; setae on lateral mesopleuron as numerous as in
<taxonomicName box="[630,764,785,806]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aquilonia">
<emphasis box="[630,764,785,806]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="159">F. aquilonia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, nMes
<subScript attach="left" box="[211,249,826,840]" fontSize="6" pageId="26" pageNumber="159">1750</subScript>
15.4. Pigmentation without specific characters.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="26.[151,773,177,2023]" pageId="26" pageNumber="159">
Diagnosis of gyne (
<tableCitation box="[473,557,849,871]" captionStart="Tab" captionStartId="16.[151,191,177,199]" captionTargetBox="[158,1429,256,2005]" captionTargetId="graphics-28@16.[151,1437,249,2018]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Tab.6: Gynes of species and hybrids with sparse pilosity; data given as arithmetic mean ± standard deviation (lower extreme, upper extreme) number of individuals." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/29FD66685E266151FF5EDAF0FDB119D9" pageId="26" pageNumber="159">Tab. 6</tableCitation>
,
<figureCitation box="[580,659,849,871]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="9.[151,197,1753,1775]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,170,1729]" captionTargetId="figure-11@9.[594,1146,882,1245]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figs.5-13: (5-ussu) Formica ussuriensis sp.n., worker, holotype, head. (6-ussu) Formica ussuriensis sp.n., worker, holotype, lateral.(7-ussu) Formica ussuriensis sp.n., gyne, head; note the more trapezoid headshape.(8-aqui) Formica aquilonia, gyne, head; note the more rounded head shape.(9-prat) Formica pratensis, worker, neotype, head; note the more reticulate microsculpture of central vertex compared with Formica lugubris (Figs.14, 15), producing a matt surface appearance.(10-prat) Formica pratensis, worker, neotype, lateral aspect. (11-prat) Formica pratensis, gyne, P morph, lateral; almost no setae on head, mesosoma, and first gaster tergite. (12-prat) Formica pratensis, gyne, N morph, lateral; many setae on head, mesosoma, and first gaster tergite. (13-kupy) Formica kupyanskayae, gyne, head." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5582236" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5582236/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="159">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
). Clearly larger than
<taxonomicName box="[282,489,881,902]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aquilonia">
<emphasis box="[282,489,881,902]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="159">Formica aquilonia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, mean and maximum
<collectionCode box="[741,771,881,902]" country="France" name="Musee des Dinosaures d'Esperaza (Aude)" pageId="26" pageNumber="159">CS</collectionCode>
2225 and
<quantity box="[261,359,912,934]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.357" pageId="26" pageNumber="159" unit="mm" value="2357.0">2357 µm</quantity>
. Hind margin and sides of head more linear, as result head shape more trapezoid. Scape short and thickset,
<collectionCode box="[296,324,977,998]" country="Sierra Leone" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14608" name="University of Sierra Leone, Njala University College" pageId="26" pageNumber="159" type="Herbarium">SL</collectionCode>
/
<collectionCode box="[346,376,977,998]" country="France" name="Musee des Dinosaures d'Esperaza (Aude)" pageId="26" pageNumber="159">CS</collectionCode>
0.806,
<collectionCode box="[455,483,977,998]" country="Sierra Leone" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14608" name="University of Sierra Leone, Njala University College" pageId="26" pageNumber="159" type="Herbarium">SL</collectionCode>
/ Smax 8.27. Setae on eyes rather short, EyeHL
<quantity box="[375,444,1009,1030]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3" pageId="26" pageNumber="159" unit="mm" value="33.0">33µm</quantity>
; setae on head margin behind eyes much more numerous than in
<taxonomicName box="[517,644,1041,1062]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aquilonia">
<emphasis box="[517,644,1041,1062]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="159">F. aquilonia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and slightly longer, nCH 15.0, OccHL
<subScript attach="left" box="[440,479,1082,1096]" fontSize="6" pageId="26" pageNumber="159">1750</subScript>
<quantity box="[488,560,1073,1095]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" pageId="26" pageNumber="159" unit="mm" value="65.0">65 µm</quantity>
; gular setae much more numerous and longer than in
<taxonomicName box="[526,656,1105,1126]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aquilonia">
<emphasis box="[526,656,1105,1126]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="159">F. aquilonia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, nGu 10.8, GuHL
<quantity box="[226,309,1137,1158]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0699999999999998" pageId="26" pageNumber="159" unit="mm" value="107.0">107 µm</quantity>
; setae on metapleuron and frontal face of first gaster tergite much more numerous and much longer than in
<taxonomicName box="[232,360,1201,1222]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aquilonia">
<emphasis box="[232,360,1201,1222]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="159">F. aquilonia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, nMet 12.2, MetHL
<quantity box="[574,653,1201,1223]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.67" pageId="26" pageNumber="159" unit="mm" value="167.0">167µm</quantity>
, nGfr 26.3, GfrHL
<quantity box="[227,310,1232,1254]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.57" pageId="26" pageNumber="159" unit="mm" value="257.0">257µm</quantity>
. Distance of pubescence and of foveolae on paramedian surface of first gaster tergite as in
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aquilonia">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="159">F. aquilonia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, sqPDG 10.12, FodG
<quantity box="[427,518,1297,1319]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.53" pageId="26" pageNumber="159" unit="mm" value="25.3">25.3 µm</quantity>
. Pigmentation without diagnostic characters.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5582265" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5582265" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5582265/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="159" startId="26.[816,851,977,999]" targetBox="[822,1410,177,955]" targetPageId="26">
<paragraph blockId="26.[816,1436,977,1127]" pageId="26" pageNumber="159">
Fig.27: Classification by four variants of NC-clustering of 75 nest samples of workers of
<taxonomicName box="[1087,1278,1009,1030]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aquilonia">
<emphasis box="[1087,1278,1009,1030]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="159">Formica aquilonia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(grey bars) and 10 nest samples of
<taxonomicName authority="Seifert, 2021" authorityName="Seifert" authorityYear="2021" box="[1003,1212,1041,1062]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ussuriensis" status="sp.n.">
<emphasis box="[1003,1212,1041,1062]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="159">Formica ussuriensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1216,1265,1041,1062]" pageId="26" pageNumber="159" rank="species">sp.n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(black bars). The mean error of four exploratory data analyses is 0.6%. Eight phenotypic characters were considered.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection pageId="26" pageNumber="159" type="discussion">
<paragraph blockId="26.[151,773,177,2023]" lastBlockId="26.[816,1439,1201,1607]" pageId="26" pageNumber="159">
Taxonomic comments and clustering results. The species is similar to
<taxonomicName box="[562,771,1393,1414]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aquilonia">
<emphasis box="[562,771,1393,1414]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="159">Formica aquilonia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and probably closely related. The geographically closest finding of
<taxonomicName box="[259,388,1457,1478]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aquilonia">
<emphasis box="[259,388,1457,1478]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="159">F. aquilonia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the south of
<collectingRegion box="[549,612,1457,1478]" country="Russia" name="Amur" pageId="26" pageNumber="159">Amur</collectingRegion>
Oblast’ (
<geoCoordinate degrees="49.16" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="26" pageNumber="159" precision="555" value="49.16">49.16° N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate box="[184,295,1489,1511]" degrees="130.67" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="26" pageNumber="159" precision="555" value="130.67">130.67° E</geoCoordinate>
) is situated about
<quantity box="[503,585,1489,1511]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4" pageId="26" pageNumber="159" unit="km" value="340.0">340 km</quantity>
west of the next known site of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Seifert" authorityYear="2021" box="[298,523,1521,1542]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ussuriensis">
<emphasis box="[298,523,1521,1542]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="159">Formica ussuriensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
at
<geoCoordinate box="[552,651,1521,1542]" degrees="48.22" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="26" pageNumber="159" precision="555" value="48.22">48.22° N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate box="[660,768,1520,1542]" degrees="135.06" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="26" pageNumber="159" precision="555" value="135.06">135.06° E</geoCoordinate>
. Accordingly, occurrence of hybridization and introgression has to be checked in the region of the lower course of river
<collectingRegion box="[151,218,1617,1638]" country="Russia" name="Amur" pageId="26" pageNumber="159">Amur</collectingRegion>
. Yet, the data currently available provide clearly separate clusters in exploratory data analyses. Considering the characters
<collectionCode box="[376,407,1681,1702]" country="Romania" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15579" name="Babes-Bolyai University" pageId="26" pageNumber="159" type="Herbarium">CL</collectionCode>
/ CW
<subScript attach="right" box="[472,510,1690,1704]" fontSize="6" pageId="26" pageNumber="159">1750</subScript>
,
<collectionCode box="[522,550,1681,1702]" country="Sierra Leone" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14608" name="University of Sierra Leone, Njala University College" pageId="26" pageNumber="159" type="Herbarium">SL</collectionCode>
/ Smax
<subScript attach="left" box="[636,674,1690,1704]" fontSize="6" pageId="26" pageNumber="159">1750</subScript>
, nSc
<subScript attach="left" box="[726,764,1690,1704]" fontSize="6" pageId="26" pageNumber="159">1750</subScript>
, nCH
<subScript attach="left" box="[201,239,1722,1736]" fontSize="6" pageId="26" pageNumber="159">1750</subScript>
, OccHL
<subScript attach="left" box="[326,364,1722,1736]" fontSize="6" pageId="26" pageNumber="159">1750</subScript>
, nMet
<subScript attach="left" box="[434,472,1722,1736]" fontSize="6" pageId="26" pageNumber="159">1750</subScript>
, MetHL
<subScript attach="left" box="[561,599,1722,1736]" fontSize="6" pageId="26" pageNumber="159">1750</subScript>
, and nPr
<subScript attach="left" box="[695,733,1722,1736]" fontSize="6" pageId="26" pageNumber="159">1750</subScript>
,
<specimenCount pageId="26" pageNumber="159" type="worker">10 worker</specimenCount>
nest samples of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Seifert" authorityYear="2021" box="[398,547,1745,1766]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ussuriensis">
<emphasis box="[398,547,1745,1766]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="159">F. ussuriensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were separated from 75 Panpalaearctic samples of
<taxonomicName box="[484,618,1777,1798]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aquilonia">
<emphasis box="[484,618,1777,1798]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="159">F. aquilonia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by NC-Ward, NC-part.kmeans, NC-NMDS-kmeans, and a PCA with an error rate of 0%, whereas NC-part.hclust misclassified 2.4% of the samples (
<figureCitation box="[390,468,1873,1895]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="26.[816,851,977,999]" captionTargetBox="[822,1410,177,955]" captionTargetId="graphics-931@26.[1026,1401,280,951]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Fig.27: Classification by four variants of NC-clustering of 75 nest samples of workers of Formica aquilonia (grey bars) and 10 nest samples of Formica ussuriensis sp.n. (black bars). The mean error of four exploratory data analyses is 0.6%. Eight phenotypic characters were considered." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5582265" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5582265/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="159">Fig. 27</figureCitation>
). Using the same character system, an LDA classified 98.7% of
<specimenCount box="[524,644,1905,1927]" pageId="26" pageNumber="159" type="worker">386 worker</specimenCount>
individuals in agreement with the classification provided by four ex- ploratory data analyses. Regarding gynes, the first factor of PCA considering the characters
<collectionCode box="[518,551,2001,2022]" country="France" name="Musee des Dinosaures d'Esperaza (Aude)" pageId="26" pageNumber="159">CS</collectionCode>
, EyeHL, nCH, nMet, and MetHL scored 2.663 ± 0.221 (
<geoCoordinate box="[1197,1260,1201,1222]" degrees="2.413" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="26" pageNumber="159" precision="55" value="2.413">2.413</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate box="[1271,1334,1201,1223]" degrees="2.832" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="26" pageNumber="159" precision="55" value="2.832">2.832</geoCoordinate>
) in three gynes of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Seifert" authorityYear="2021" box="[912,1065,1233,1254]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ussuriensis">
<emphasis box="[912,1065,1233,1254]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="159">F. ussuriensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but -0.275 ± 0.515 (
<geoCoordinate box="[1285,1356,1233,1254]" degrees="0.913" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="26" pageNumber="159" precision="55" value="-0.913">-0.913</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate box="[1367,1429,1233,1255]" degrees="0.784" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="26" pageNumber="159" precision="55" value="0.784">0.784</geoCoordinate>
) in 29 gynes of
<taxonomicName box="[978,1110,1265,1286]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aquilonia">
<emphasis box="[978,1110,1265,1286]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="159">F. aquilonia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. A full separation by the PCA was also given when all 24 characters shown in
<tableCitation box="[1356,1436,1297,1319]" captionStart="Tab" captionStartId="16.[151,191,177,199]" captionTargetBox="[158,1429,256,2005]" captionTargetId="graphics-28@16.[151,1437,249,2018]" captionText="Tab.6: Gynes of species and hybrids with sparse pilosity; data given as arithmetic mean ± standard deviation (lower extreme, upper extreme) number of individuals." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/29FD66685E266151FF5EDAF0FDB119D9" pageId="26" pageNumber="159" tableUuid="29FD66685E266151FF5EDAF0FDB119D9">Table 6</tableCitation>
were considered unselectively.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="26" pageNumber="159" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph blockId="26.[816,1439,1201,1607]" pageId="26" pageNumber="159">
Habitat and biology. It formed monodomous and polydomous colonies and was found in often very dark spruce (
<taxonomicName box="[902,961,1425,1446]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Picea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="26" pageNumber="159" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[902,961,1425,1446]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="159">Picea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), fir (
<taxonomicName box="[1020,1078,1425,1446]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Abies" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="26" pageNumber="159" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1020,1078,1425,1446]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="159">Abies</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), and broadleaf forests. These biomes have a boreal to subboreal character due to the influ- enceofcoldwatersofthePacificOcean.Thisleadstoashiftof biomes to more southern latitudes and lower altitudes than observed in comparable biomes in Europe. The 10 known sites are situated at altitudes of 622 ± 213 (270, 850) m.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

407
data/F5/2B/87/F52B87F65E316149FF74D870FA0D1DD9.xml Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,407 @@
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5914874" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b9f36fb1-1c9d-4af8-96ca-d57973b94862" ID-GBIF-Taxon="192710733" ID-ISSN="1997-3500" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5914874" approvalRequired="1" checkinTime="1619623649741" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Seifert, Bernhard" docDate="2021" docId="F52B87F65E316149FF74D870FA0D1DD9" docLanguage="en" docName="myrmecNews.31_133-179_printable.pdf" docOrigin="Myrmecological News 31" docSource="http://zoobank.org/0e55c0d7-531a-48d7-a078-148b96bd461d" docTitle="Formica rufa LINNAEUS 1761" docType="key" docVersion="4" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="141" masterDocId="0912FF8E5E366141FFC9DA41FF91193E" masterDocTitle="A taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic members of the Formica rufa group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) - the famous mound-building red wood ants" masterLastPageNumber="179" masterPageNumber="133" pageId="7" pageNumber="140" updateTime="1643410080396" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>A taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic members of the Formica rufa group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) - the famous mound-building red wood ants</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Seifert, Bernhard</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Myrmecological News</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2021-04-28</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>31</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>133</mods:start>
<mods:end>179</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://zoobank.org/0e55c0d7-531a-48d7-a078-148b96bd461d</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.25849/myrmecol.news_031:133</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">b9f36fb1-1c9d-4af8-96ca-d57973b94862</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1997-3500</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">5582216</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">0E55C0D7-531A-48D7-A078-148B96BD461D</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5914874" ID-GBIF-Taxon="192710733" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5914874" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F52B87F65E316149FF74D870FA0D1DD9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F52B87F65E316149FF74D870FA0D1DD9" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="141" pageId="7" pageNumber="140">
<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="140" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="7.[151,771,559,2023]" pageId="7" pageNumber="140">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="140">
Key to the workers of the Palaearctic
<taxonomicName authorityName="LINNAEUS" authorityYear="1761" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufa">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="140">Formica rufa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group:
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="140" type="discussion">
<paragraph blockId="7.[151,771,559,2023]" pageId="7" pageNumber="140">
This key can certainly solve a good number of determinations in a rather simple way but the best results are achieved when own discriminant functions are run using the data of SI1 as reference. In contrast to
<tableCitation box="[151,279,720,743]" captionStart-0="Tab" captionStart-1="Tab" captionStart-2="Tab" captionStart-3="Tab" captionStart-4="Tab" captionStartId-0="11.[151,191,177,199]" captionStartId-1="12.[151,191,177,199]" captionStartId-2="13.[151,192,177,199]" captionStartId-3="14.[151,192,177,199]" captionStartId-4="15.[151,191,177,199]" captionTargetBox-0="[157,1429,282,1993]" captionTargetBox-1="[158,1430,288,1992]" captionTargetBox-2="[157,1429,288,1995]" captionTargetBox-3="[157,1428,288,1993]" captionTargetBox-4="[157,1428,288,1993]" captionTargetId-0="graphics-49@11.[151,1436,275,2018]" captionTargetId-1="graphics-52@12.[151,1437,281,2018]" captionTargetId-2="graphics-50@13.[150,1436,281,2018]" captionTargetId-3="graphics-61@14.[151,1437,281,2018]" captionTargetId-4="graphics-48@15.[150,1436,281,2018]" captionTargetPageId-0="11" captionTargetPageId-1="12" captionTargetPageId-2="13" captionTargetPageId-3="14" captionText-0="Tab.1: Workers of species and hybrids close to Formica rufa; head size and RAV-corrected data for the assumption of each individual having a head size of 1750 µm; data given as arithmetic mean ± standard deviation (lower extreme, upper extreme number of individuals." captionText-1="Tab.2: Workers of species and hybrids similar to Formica rufa and Formica aquilonia; head size and RAV-corrected data for the assumption of each individual having a head size of 1750µm; data given as arithmetic mean ± standard deviation (lower extreme, upper extreme) number of individuals." captionText-2="Tab.3: Workers of species similar to Formica pratensis and Formica lugubris; head size and RAV-corrected data for the assumption of each individual having a head size of 1750µm; data given as arithmetic mean ± standard deviation (lower extreme, upper extreme) number of individuals." captionText-3="Tab.4: Workers of Formica aquilonia, Formica paralugubris, Formica aquilonia × paralugubris, and collected data of all Palaearctic phenotypes of Formica lugubris; head size and RAV-corrected data for the assumption of each individual having a head size of 1750µm; data given as arithmetic mean ± standard deviation (lower extreme, upper extreme) number of individuals." captionText-4="Tab.5: Workers of the Formica truncorum species complex; head size and RAV-corrected data for the assumption of each individual having a head size of 1750 µm; data given as arithmetic mean ± standard deviation (lower extreme, upper extreme) number of individuals." httpUri-0="http://table.plazi.org/id/29FD66685E3D614AFF5EDAF0FEEE1839" httpUri-1="http://table.plazi.org/id/29FD66685E3A614DFF5EDAF0FDB11839" httpUri-2="http://table.plazi.org/id/29FD66685E3B614CFF5EDAF0FDB11839" pageId="7" pageNumber="140" tableUuid-0="29FD66685E3D614AFF5EDAF0FEEE1839" tableUuid-1="29FD66685E3A614DFF5EDAF0FDB11839" tableUuid-2="29FD66685E3B614CFF5EDAF0FDB11839">Tables 1 - 5</tableCitation>
and for more simplicity, this key works with primary, not allometrically corrected data, and all linear measurements are given in mm. Because of the enormous intraspecific and intranidal variation, nest sample means should be considered in critical cases. The percentage of reddish pigmentation follows a positive allometric trend and is of rather little indicative value.
<figureCitation box="[574,714,912,935]" captionStart-0="Figs" captionStart-1="Figs" captionStartId-0="9.[151,197,1753,1775]" captionStartId-1="10.[151,197,1442,1464]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1437,170,1729]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1437,170,1418]" captionTargetId-0="figure-11@9.[594,1146,882,1245]" captionTargetId-1="figure-13@10.[151,1003,540,877]" captionTargetPageId-0="9" captionTargetPageId-1="10" captionText-0="Figs.5-13: (5-ussu) Formica ussuriensis sp.n., worker, holotype, head. (6-ussu) Formica ussuriensis sp.n., worker, holotype, lateral.(7-ussu) Formica ussuriensis sp.n., gyne, head; note the more trapezoid headshape.(8-aqui) Formica aquilonia, gyne, head; note the more rounded head shape.(9-prat) Formica pratensis, worker, neotype, head; note the more reticulate microsculpture of central vertex compared with Formica lugubris (Figs.14, 15), producing a matt surface appearance.(10-prat) Formica pratensis, worker, neotype, lateral aspect. (11-prat) Formica pratensis, gyne, P morph, lateral; almost no setae on head, mesosoma, and first gaster tergite. (12-prat) Formica pratensis, gyne, N morph, lateral; many setae on head, mesosoma, and first gaster tergite. (13-kupy) Formica kupyanskayae, gyne, head." captionText-1="Figs.14-20: (14-lugu) Formica lugubris, worker, normal morph, head; central vertex suggestedly shiny due to weaker transverse microsculpture. (15-lugu) Formica lugubris, worker, Hippie morph, head; central vertex suggestedly shiny due to weaker transverse microsculpture. (16-helv) Formica helvetica sp.n., worker, holotype, head. (17-helv) Formica helvetica sp.n., worker, holotype, lateral. (18-trun) Formica truncorum, worker, head. (19-trun) Formica truncorum, gyne, head. (20-sine) Formica sinensis, worker, lateral; note the contrast between weak pronotal and strong gular pilosity." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5582236" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5582239" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/5582236/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/5582239/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="140">Figures 5-20</figureCitation>
with z-stacking photos of the species from different viewing positions are presented after the key.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="141" pageId="7" pageNumber="140" type="key">
<key lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="141" pageId="7" pageNumber="140">
<keyStep pageId="7" pageNumber="140">
<paragraph blockId="7.[151,771,559,2023]" pageId="7" pageNumber="140">
<keyLead pageId="7" pageNumber="140">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,182,1008,1029]" pageId="7" pageNumber="140">1a</emphasis>
With view on the swivelling plane of the first seg- ment of antennal funiculus, ratio of median length of second funiculus segment against its maximum width ≥ 2.0 (movement within only a swivelling plane is defined by the hinge joint of distal scape with the first funiculus segment). Lateral clypeus deeply depressed, as result anterior portion of lat- eral clypeus forming a bead. Medium to large-sized workers usually with whole surface of head, meso- soma and petiole light reddish brown.
<taxonomicName authorityName="FABRICIUS" authorityYear="1804" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="truncorum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="140">Formica truncorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group ......................................................
<emphasis bold="true" box="[755,771,1329,1350]" pageId="7" pageNumber="140">2</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="7.[151,771,559,2023]" pageId="7" pageNumber="140">
<keyLead pageId="7" pageNumber="140">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,183,1360,1381]" pageId="7" pageNumber="140">1b</emphasis>
Ratio of median length of second funiculus segment against its maximum width &lt;2.0. Lateral clypeus less deeply depressed and anterior portion of lateral clypeus not forming a bead. Percentage of surface with dark or blackish brown pigmentation usually larger ..........................................................................
<emphasis bold="true" box="[755,771,1521,1542]" pageId="7" pageNumber="140">5</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep pageId="7" pageNumber="140">
<paragraph blockId="7.[151,771,559,2023]" box="[151,771,1552,1575]" pageId="7" pageNumber="140">
<keyLead box="[151,771,1552,1575]" pageId="7" pageNumber="140">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,181,1552,1573]" pageId="7" pageNumber="140">2a</emphasis>
Iberian Peninsula and Pyrenees ...............................
<emphasis bold="true" box="[755,771,1552,1573]" pageId="7" pageNumber="140">3</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="7.[151,771,559,2023]" box="[151,771,1584,1607]" pageId="7" pageNumber="140">
<keyLead box="[151,771,1584,1607]" pageId="7" pageNumber="140">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,183,1584,1605]" pageId="7" pageNumber="140">2b</emphasis>
Outside Iberian Peninsula and Pyrenees .................
<emphasis bold="true" box="[755,771,1584,1605]" pageId="7" pageNumber="140">4</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep pageId="7" pageNumber="140">
<paragraph blockId="7.[151,771,559,2023]" pageId="7" pageNumber="140">
<keyLead pageId="7" pageNumber="140">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,181,1616,1637]" pageId="7" pageNumber="140">3a</emphasis>
Gula and dorsal mesosoma without or with very few setae; nGu + nPn + nPr + nMet &lt;30 .............. .....................................................
<taxonomicName authorityName="EMERY" authorityYear="1909" box="[549,771,1679,1702]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dusmeti">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[549,771,1679,1702]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="140">Formica dusmeti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="7.[151,771,559,2023]" pageId="7" pageNumber="140">
<keyLead pageId="7" pageNumber="140">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,183,1712,1733]" pageId="7" pageNumber="140">3b</emphasis>
Gula and dorsal mesosoma with more setae; nGu + nPn + nPr + nMet&gt; 30 ..........
<taxonomicName authorityName="SANTSCHI" authorityYear="1919" box="[541,771,1743,1766]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frontalis">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[541,771,1743,1766]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="140">Formica frontalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep pageId="7" pageNumber="140">
<paragraph blockId="7.[151,771,559,2023]" pageId="7" pageNumber="140">
<keyLead pageId="7" pageNumber="140">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,182,1776,1797]" pageId="7" pageNumber="140">4a</emphasis>
More hirsute on all body positions. Discriminant 76.03 * EyeHL + 0.073 * nCH-0.057 * nGu + 0.08 * nMet + 12.36 * mPnHL - 14.75 * MetHL - 1.33&gt; 0 (error 0% in 92 individuals,
<tableCitation box="[537,600,1873,1895]" captionStart="Tab" captionStartId="15.[151,191,177,199]" captionTargetBox="[157,1428,288,1993]" captionTargetId="graphics-48@15.[150,1436,281,2018]" captionText="Tab.5: Workers of the Formica truncorum species complex; head size and RAV-corrected data for the assumption of each individual having a head size of 1750 µm; data given as arithmetic mean ± standard deviation (lower extreme, upper extreme) number of individuals." pageId="7" pageNumber="140">Tab. 5</tableCitation>
) ................. ...............................................
<taxonomicName authorityName="FABRICIUS" authorityYear="1804" box="[511,771,1904,1927]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="truncorum">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[511,771,1904,1927]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="140">Formica truncorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="7.[151,771,559,2023]" lastBlockId="7.[816,1437,177,2023]" pageId="7" pageNumber="140">
<keyLead pageId="7" pageNumber="140">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,183,1936,1957]" pageId="7" pageNumber="140">4b</emphasis>
Less hirsute on all body positions. Often a disparity between rather few setae on dorsal mesosoma and rather many setae on gula is visible. Discriminant &lt;0 (error 0% in 70 individuals,
<tableCitation box="[1185,1246,177,199]" captionStart="Tab" captionStartId="15.[151,191,177,199]" captionTargetBox="[157,1428,288,1993]" captionTargetId="graphics-48@15.[150,1436,281,2018]" captionText="Tab.5: Workers of the Formica truncorum species complex; head size and RAV-corrected data for the assumption of each individual having a head size of 1750 µm; data given as arithmetic mean ± standard deviation (lower extreme, upper extreme) number of individuals." pageId="7" pageNumber="140">Tab.5</tableCitation>
). Only E
<collectingRegion box="[1342,1399,177,199]" country="China" name="Xizang" pageId="7" pageNumber="140">Tibet</collectingRegion>
and
<collectingCountry box="[901,970,209,231]" name="China" pageId="7" pageNumber="140">China</collectingCountry>
. ..................................
<taxonomicName authorityName="WHEELER" authorityYear="1913" box="[1213,1436,208,231]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinensis">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1213,1436,208,231]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="140">Formica sinensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep pageId="7" pageNumber="140">
<paragraph blockId="7.[816,1437,177,2023]" pageId="7" pageNumber="140">
<keyLead pageId="7" pageNumber="140">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[816,846,241,262]" pageId="7" pageNumber="140">5a</emphasis>
Palaearctic with exception of Russian Far East, NE
<collectingCountry box="[854,922,273,295]" name="China" pageId="7" pageNumber="140">China</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry box="[932,1000,273,294]" name="South Korea" pageId="7" pageNumber="140">Korea</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry box="[1010,1076,273,294]" name="Japan" pageId="7" pageNumber="140">Japan</collectingCountry>
..................................................
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1420,1436,272,293]" pageId="7" pageNumber="140">6</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="7.[816,1437,177,2023]" box="[816,1436,304,327]" pageId="7" pageNumber="140">
<keyLead box="[816,1436,304,327]" pageId="7" pageNumber="140">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[816,848,305,326]" pageId="7" pageNumber="140">5b</emphasis>
Russian Far East, NE
<collectingCountry box="[1093,1161,305,327]" name="China" pageId="7" pageNumber="140">China</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry box="[1172,1240,305,326]" name="South Korea" pageId="7" pageNumber="140">Korea</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry box="[1250,1316,305,326]" name="Japan" pageId="7" pageNumber="140">Japan</collectingCountry>
...........
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1405,1436,304,325]" pageId="7" pageNumber="140">12</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep pageId="7" pageNumber="140">
<paragraph blockId="7.[816,1437,177,2023]" pageId="7" pageNumber="140">
<keyLead pageId="7" pageNumber="140">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[816,848,336,357]" pageId="7" pageNumber="140">6a</emphasis>
Hind margin of head without or only occasional small setae, nCH 0 - 1; if nCH is slightly larger, then scape slender with SL / Smax 10.08 ± 0.39. Eyes with only short microsetae, EyeHL 0.020 ± 0.004. Mesopleuron with rather few setae, nMes 10.5 ± 7.4. Discriminant 0.024 * nCH + 0.08 * nMes - 0.046 * nPr - 11.451 * SL + 72.20 * Smax + 62.96 * EyeHL + 3.879 &lt;0 (error 0% in 114 nest sample means) ........................................................................
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1420,1436,593,614]" pageId="7" pageNumber="140">7</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="7.[816,1437,177,2023]" pageId="7" pageNumber="140">
<keyLead pageId="7" pageNumber="140">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[816,848,625,646]" pageId="7" pageNumber="140">6b</emphasis>
Hind margin of head usually with many setae, nCH&gt; 1; if nCH is near zero (occasional in
<taxonomicName authorityName="YARROW" authorityYear="1955" box="[1255,1384,657,678]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aquilonia">
<emphasis box="[1255,1384,657,678]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="140">F. aquilonia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), then scape thickset with SL / Smax 9.27 ± 0.34. Eyes with longer microsetae, EyeHL 0.030 ± 0.008. Mesopleuron with rather many setae, nMes 21.6 ± 10.4. Discriminant&gt; 0 (error 1.7% in 180 nest sample means) ...........................................................
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1420,1436,816,837]" pageId="7" pageNumber="140">8</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep pageId="7" pageNumber="140">
<paragraph blockId="7.[816,1437,177,2023]" pageId="7" pageNumber="140">
<keyLead pageId="7" pageNumber="140">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[816,847,849,870]" pageId="7" pageNumber="140">7a</emphasis>
Weakly haired; nest means: nGu 0.1 - 3.0, GuHL
<geoCoordinate box="[854,916,881,902]" degrees="0.007" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="140" precision="55" value="0.007">0.007</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate box="[922,998,881,902]" degrees="0.097" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="140" precision="55" value="-0.097">- 0.097</geoCoordinate>
, nPn 0.1 - 5.6, mPnHL
<geoCoordinate box="[1248,1311,881,903]" degrees="0.006" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="140" precision="55" value="0.006">0.006</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate box="[1316,1394,880,902]" degrees="0.055" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="140" precision="55" value="-0.055">- 0.055</geoCoordinate>
, nPr 0 - 5.2, nCH 0 - 0.9 (microsetae) ..................... .................................................
<taxonomicName authorityName="FOERSTER" authorityYear="1850" box="[1192,1437,943,966]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polyctena">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1192,1437,943,966]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="140">Formica polyctena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="7.[816,1437,177,2023]" pageId="7" pageNumber="140">
<keyLead pageId="7" pageNumber="140">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[816,849,977,998]" pageId="7" pageNumber="140">7b</emphasis>
Moderately hairy; nest means: nGu 1.9 - 6.6, GuHL
<geoCoordinate box="[854,915,1008,1030]" degrees="0.096" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="140" precision="55" value="0.096">0.096</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate box="[920,993,1009,1030]" degrees="0.197" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="140" precision="55" value="-0.197">- 0.197</geoCoordinate>
, nPn 5.8 - 16.0, mPnHL
<geoCoordinate box="[1251,1312,1009,1030]" degrees="0.047" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="140" precision="55" value="0.047">0.047</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate box="[1316,1394,1009,1030]" degrees="0.083" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="140" precision="55" value="-0.083">- 0.083</geoCoordinate>
, nPr 4.4 - 11.2, nCH 0 - 1.2 (microsetae) ................ ....................................
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1106,1437,1071,1094]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="140">
<taxonomicName authorityName="FOERSTER" authorityYear="1850" box="[1106,1350,1071,1094]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polyctena">Formica polyctena</taxonomicName>
×
<taxonomicName authorityName="LINNAEUS" authorityYear="1761" box="[1380,1437,1071,1094]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufa">rufa</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="7.[816,1437,177,2023]" pageId="7" pageNumber="140">
<keyLead pageId="7" pageNumber="140">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[816,846,1105,1126]" pageId="7" pageNumber="140">7c</emphasis>
More strongly haired; nest means: nGu 5.1 - 11.0, GuHL
<geoCoordinate box="[925,985,1136,1158]" degrees="0.155" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="140" precision="55" value="0.155">0.155</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate box="[989,1066,1137,1158]" degrees="0.224" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="140" precision="55" value="-0.224">- 0.224</geoCoordinate>
, nPn 12.5 - 45.0, mPnHL
<geoCoordinate box="[1338,1398,1136,1158]" degrees="0.061" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="140" precision="55" value="0.061">0.061</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate box="[854,932,1169,1190]" degrees="0.102" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="140" precision="55" value="-0.102">- 0.102</geoCoordinate>
, nPr 8.5 - 25.1, nCH 0 - 3.6 (setae small)... ...........................................................
<taxonomicName authorityName="LINNAEUS" authorityYear="1761" box="[1264,1437,1199,1222]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufa">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1264,1437,1199,1222]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="140">Formica rufa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep pageId="7" pageNumber="140">
<paragraph blockId="7.[816,1437,177,2023]" pageId="7" pageNumber="140">
<keyLead pageId="7" pageNumber="140">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[816,847,1232,1253]" pageId="7" pageNumber="140">8a</emphasis>
Longest propodeo-metapleural hair below level of propodeal spiracle shorter: MetHL 0 - 0.142. With maximum CL in focal plane, contour of head from median occiput to anterior eye margin with fewer setae: nCH 1.3 - 12.3. In doubtful cases: discriminant 0.0503 * nCH + 22.213 * MetHL -3.481 &lt;0 (error 0% in 75 nest samples) .......................... ...................................................
<taxonomicName authorityName="YARROW" authorityYear="1955" box="[1195,1436,1456,1479]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aquilonia">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1195,1436,1456,1479]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="140">Formica aquilonia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="7.[816,1437,177,2023]" pageId="7" pageNumber="140">
<keyLead pageId="7" pageNumber="140">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[816,848,1488,1509]" pageId="7" pageNumber="140">8b</emphasis>
Longest propodeo-metapleural hair below level of propodeal spiracle longer: MetHL
<geoCoordinate box="[1244,1305,1521,1542]" degrees="0.134" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="140" precision="55" value="0.134">0.134</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate box="[1314,1395,1521,1542]" degrees="0.237" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="140" precision="55" value="-0.237">- 0.237</geoCoordinate>
. With maximum CL in focal plane, contour of head from median occiput to anterior eye margin with more setae: nCH 5.2 - 65.2. Discriminant&gt; 0 (error 0% in 305 nest samples) ............................................
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1420,1436,1648,1669]" pageId="7" pageNumber="140">9</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="141" pageId="7" pageNumber="140">
<paragraph blockId="7.[816,1437,177,2023]" pageId="7" pageNumber="140">
<keyLead pageId="7" pageNumber="140">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[816,847,1680,1701]" pageId="7" pageNumber="140">9a</emphasis>
Scape more compact: SL / Smax 8.45 - 10.07. Frons appears at low magnification not perfectly matt, with a mild silky shine. This overall impression is produced by a weaker microsculpture with more longitudinal and less reticulate elements, particularly along the frontal line and anteriolaterally from mid ocellus. With all measurements in mm, discriminant 2.524 - 3.89 * CW - 12.25 * SL + 5.889 * PeW + 117.36 * Smax&gt; 0 (error 0% in 291 nest samples for whole Palaearctic range). Boreo-montane species ............................................................. 10
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="8.[151,771,177,1254]" pageId="8" pageNumber="141">
<keyLead pageId="8" pageNumber="141">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,183,177,198]" pageId="8" pageNumber="141">9b</emphasis>
Scape slender: SL / Smax 9.94 - 11.74. Frons matt. This overall impression is produced by a stronger more reticulate microsculpture. Discriminant &lt;0 (error 0% in 94 nest samples for whole Palaearctic range). More xerothermous woodland and woodland-steppe habitats ................
<taxonomicName authorityName="RETZIUS" authorityYear="1783" box="[531,771,336,359]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pratensis">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[531,771,336,359]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="141">Formica pratensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep pageId="8" pageNumber="141">
<paragraph blockId="8.[151,771,177,1254]" pageId="8" pageNumber="141">
<keyLead pageId="8" pageNumber="141">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,198,369,390]" pageId="8" pageNumber="141">10a</emphasis>
Only W Alps, ranging east to approximately
<geoCoordinate degrees="11" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="141" precision="55555" value="11.0">11° E</geoCoordinate>
. Pronotal setae shorter: mPnHL
<geoCoordinate box="[579,640,401,423]" degrees="0.061" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="141" precision="55" value="0.061">0.061</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate box="[648,730,401,422]" degrees="0.093" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="141" precision="55" value="-0.093">- 0.093</geoCoordinate>
. Propodeo-metapleural area below level of propodeal spiracle with fewer and shorter setae: nMet 3.3 - 9.7, MetHL
<geoCoordinate box="[367,427,497,518]" degrees="0.130" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="141" precision="55" value="0.13">0.130</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate box="[432,508,497,518]" degrees="0.174" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="141" precision="55" value="-0.174">- 0.174</geoCoordinate>
. Discriminant 48.8 * mPnHL + 16.6 * MetHL - 0.100 *nCH + 0.087 * nMet - 0.072 * nSc - 5.535 &lt;0 (error 0% in 70 nest sample means of four individuals, function only valid for Central Europe) ...................................................... ..........................................
<taxonomicName authorityName="SEIFERT" authorityYear="1996" box="[481,771,655,678]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paralugubris">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[481,771,655,678]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="141">Formica paralugubris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="8.[151,771,177,1254]" pageId="8" pageNumber="141">
<keyLead pageId="8" pageNumber="141">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,199,688,709]" pageId="8" pageNumber="141">10b</emphasis>
Widely distributed. Pronotal setae longer: mPnHL
<geoCoordinate box="[189,250,721,742]" degrees="0.079" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="141" precision="55" value="0.079">0.079</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate box="[254,329,721,742]" degrees="0.127" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="141" precision="55" value="-0.127">- 0.127</geoCoordinate>
; nMet 6.5 - 14.8, MetHL
<geoCoordinate box="[589,648,720,742]" degrees="0.153" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="141" precision="55" value="0.153">0.153</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate box="[652,730,720,742]" degrees="0.225" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="141" precision="55" value="-0.225">- 0.225</geoCoordinate>
. Discriminant&gt; 0 (error 3.1% in 98 nest sample means of four individuals; function only valid for Central Europe........................................................
<emphasis bold="true" box="[740,771,816,837]" pageId="8" pageNumber="141">11</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep pageId="8" pageNumber="141">
<paragraph blockId="8.[151,771,177,1254]" pageId="8" pageNumber="141">
<keyLead pageId="8" pageNumber="141">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,197,848,869]" pageId="8" pageNumber="141">11a</emphasis>
Whole Palaearctic. Population from the Alps poorly separable from
<taxonomicName authority="Seifert, 2021" authorityName="Seifert" authorityYear="2021" box="[436,563,881,902]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="helvetica" status="sp.n.">
<emphasis box="[436,563,881,902]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="141">F. helvetica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[569,621,881,902]" pageId="8" pageNumber="141" rank="species">sp.n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Discriminant 36.64 * Smax + 0.128 * nMet + 0.110 * nSc + 0.068 * nCH - 53.54 * mPnHL - 3.224&gt; 0 (error 20.5% in 380 individuals and 14.6% in 89 nest samples) .....................................
<taxonomicName authorityName="ZETTERSTEDT" authorityYear="1838" box="[544,771,1007,1030]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lugubris">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[544,771,1007,1030]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="141">Formica lugubris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="8.[151,771,177,1254]" pageId="8" pageNumber="141">
<keyLead pageId="8" pageNumber="141">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,197,1040,1061]" pageId="8" pageNumber="141">11b</emphasis>
Only known from a local population in Mingèr Valley in the Eastern Swiss Alps. Separation from
<taxonomicName authorityName="ZETTERSTEDT" authorityYear="1838" box="[189,308,1105,1126]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lugubris">
<emphasis box="[189,308,1105,1126]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="141">F. lugubris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
very weak. Discriminant 36.64 * Smax + 0.128 * nMet + 0.110 * nSc + 0.068 * nCH - 53.54 * mPnHL - 3.224 &lt;0 (error 13.3% in 30 individuals and 11.1% in nine nest samples) ............................ .........................................
<taxonomicName authority="Seifert, 2021" authorityName="Seifert" authorityYear="2021" box="[469,703,1231,1254]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="helvetica" status="sp.n.">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[469,703,1231,1254]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="141">Formica helvetica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[709,771,1233,1254]" pageId="8" pageNumber="141" rank="species">sp.n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep pageId="8" pageNumber="141">
<paragraph blockId="8.[816,1436,176,1255]" pageId="8" pageNumber="141">
<keyLead pageId="8" pageNumber="141">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[816,862,176,197]" pageId="8" pageNumber="141">12a</emphasis>
Gula, mesopleuron, propodeum and metapleuron with many setae; nGu + nMes + nPr + nMet = 38 - 110. Discriminant 0.092 * nGu + 0.048 * nMes + 0.235 * nMet + 0.051 * nPr - 3.8554&gt; 0 (error 4.9% in 161 individuals and 0% in 44 nest samples) ..... ....................................................
<taxonomicName authorityName="ZETTERSTEDT" authorityYear="1838" box="[1209,1436,335,358]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lugubris">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1209,1436,335,358]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="141">Formica lugubris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="8.[816,1436,176,1255]" pageId="8" pageNumber="141">
<keyLead pageId="8" pageNumber="141">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[816,864,368,389]" pageId="8" pageNumber="141">12b</emphasis>
Gula, mesopleuron, propodeum and metapleuron with fewer setae; nGu + nMes + nPr + nMet = 3 - 46. Discriminant &lt;0 (error 0.9% in 424 individuals and 0% in 95 nest samples) ............................................
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1405,1436,464,485]" pageId="8" pageNumber="141">13</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep pageId="8" pageNumber="141">
<paragraph blockId="8.[816,1436,176,1255]" pageId="8" pageNumber="141">
<keyLead pageId="8" pageNumber="141">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[816,863,496,517]" pageId="8" pageNumber="141">13a</emphasis>
Gular setae much longer, GuHL 0.217 ± 0.021; setae in all other body positions longer. Mesopleuron with fewer setae, nMes 6.6 ± 2.1. Discriminant 20.041 * GuHL + 30.455 * mPnHL + 2.661 * MetHL - 0.147 * nMes - 4.466&gt; 0 (error 0% in 38 individuals). Ussuri region .......
<taxonomicName box="[1128,1436,656,679]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kupyanskayae">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1128,1436,656,679]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="141">Formica kupyanskayae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="8.[816,1436,176,1255]" pageId="8" pageNumber="141">
<keyLead pageId="8" pageNumber="141">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[816,864,689,710]" pageId="8" pageNumber="141">13b</emphasis>
Gular setae much shorter, GuHL 0.098 ± 0.033; setae in all other body positions shorter. Mesopleuron with more setae, nMes 13.3 ± 4.9. Discriminant &lt;0 (error 0% in 386 individuals) ...........................
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1406,1436,785,806]" pageId="8" pageNumber="141">14</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep pageId="8" pageNumber="141">
<paragraph blockId="8.[816,1436,176,1255]" pageId="8" pageNumber="141">
<keyLead pageId="8" pageNumber="141">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[816,861,816,837]" pageId="8" pageNumber="141">14a</emphasis>
Dorsal plane of scape and hind margin of head with rather many setae, nSc 10.5 ± 4.3, nCH 9.8 ± 4.2. Metapleuron with rather long setae, MetHL 0.133 ± 0.029. Discriminant 6.56 * PeW - 11.58 * Smax - 3.155 * CW + 0.013 * nCH + 0.357 * nSc + 3.505 * MetHL - 1.224&gt; 0 (error 9.8% in 41 individuals and 0% in 10 nest sample means). Ussuri and Sichote Alin range ..................
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1101,1436,1039,1062]" pageId="8" pageNumber="141">
<taxonomicName authority="Seifert, 2021" authorityName="Seifert" authorityYear="2021" box="[1101,1368,1039,1062]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ussuriensis" status="sp.n.">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1101,1368,1039,1062]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="141">Formica ussuriensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1374,1436,1041,1062]" pageId="8" pageNumber="141" rank="species">sp.n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="8.[816,1436,176,1255]" pageId="8" pageNumber="141">
<keyLead pageId="8" pageNumber="141">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[816,862,1072,1093]" pageId="8" pageNumber="141">14b</emphasis>
Dorsal plane of scape and hind margin of head with very few setae, nSc 0.3 ± 1.3, nCH 4.3 ± 3.8. Metapleuron with short setae, MetHL 0.074 ± 0.047. Discriminant &lt;0 (error 1.0% in 102 individuals and 0% in 31 nest sample means) ............. ..................................................
<taxonomicName authorityName="YARROW" authorityYear="1955" box="[1195,1436,1232,1255]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aquilonia">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1195,1436,1232,1255]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="141">Formica aquilonia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
</key>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>