diff --git a/data/03/DC/87/03DC87D19002FFDCFF77FE968A1FAFCD.xml b/data/03/DC/87/03DC87D19002FFDCFF77FE968A1FAFCD.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..a625dc1d128 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/DC/87/03DC87D19002FFDCFF77FE968A1FAFCD.xml @@ -0,0 +1,302 @@ + + + +Revision of the bathydemersal fish genus Pycnocraspedum (Ophidiidae; Teleostei), with description of two new species + + + +Author + +Schwarzhans, Werner W. +0009-0008-4026-3995 +Ahrensburger Weg 103, D- 22359 Hamburg, Germany +jgnielsen@snm.ku.dk + + + +Author + +Psomadakis, Peter N. +South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (NRF-SAIAB), Private Bag 1015, Makhanda, 6140, South Africa & South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Private Bag 1015, Makhanda, 6140, South Africa + + + +Author + +Nielsen, Jørgen G. +0009-0008-4026-3995 +jgnielsen@snm.ku.dk + +text + + +Zootaxa + + +2025 + +2025-05-19 + + +5636 + + +3 + + +443 +472 + + + + +https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5636.3.2 + +journal article +10.11646/zootaxa.5636.3.2 +1175-5326 +15561733 +ED905457-C12F-45D2-B3F4-77082279E26B + + + + + + + +Pycnocraspedum phyllosoma +( +Parr, 1933 +) + + + + + + + +Figures 1 +, +3 +, +4 +, +5 +, +9 +, +12 +; +Tables 1 +, +2 + + + + + + + +Neobythites phyllosoma +Parr, 1933: 44–46 + + +, fig. 20, off +Turks Island +, +Bahamas +, +21°30'N +, +71°11'W +, Pawnee St. 52. + +Pycnocraspedum phyllosoma +( +Parr, 1933 +) + +: + +Nielsen +et al. +(1999) + +, Evseenko & Okiyama (2006), +Prokofiev (2022) +. + + + + + +Material examined +( +4 specimens +, 130–355 mm SL): + +1 specimen +USNM +227413, 230 mm SL, +20.85°N +71.52°W +(off +Caicos Island +), +RV +Oregon +cr. 101, st. 5427, 40 ft shrimp trawl, 512–576 m, + +27 May 1965 + + +; + +1 specimen +USNM +421586, 355 mm SL, +12.0832°N +68.8991°W +(off +Curacao +), +RV +Curasub +, +Deep Reef Observation Project +( +DROP +), + +May 2013 + + +; + +1 specimen +USNM +412587, 295 mm SL, +12.0832°N +68.8991°W +(off +Curacao +), +RV +Curasub +, +Deep Reef Observation Project +( +DROP +), + +May 2013 + + +; + +1 specimen +USNM +470952, 130 mm SL, +25.97°N +78.48°W +, +RV +Gerda +cr. 6720, st. 925, 10 +Otter +trawl, 439–457 m, + +29 September 1967 + + +. + + + + +Diagnosis. +Precaudal vertebrae 12–13, total vertebrae 52–54; dorsal-fin rays 96–101; anal-fin rays 70–73; pectoral-fin rays 25–27; long gill rakers on first gill arch 4–5; pseudobranchial filaments 5–6; 3–4 dorsal-fin rays in front of first vertebra; HL 22.7–26.5% of SL; body depth at vent 21–23% of SL; predorsal length 18.8–23% of SL; rear margin of preopercle with 3 spines, 2 lower and 1 upper, with flashy flap between spines 2 and 3; transversal scale rows above origin of anal fin 72–78, and above lateral line 20–21; otolith ( +23.3 mm +in length) OL:OH = 2.15, dorsal rim smooth, ventral rim symmetrical to dorsal rim. + + + + +Description. +Relatively robust fish with stout tapering tail and rounded snout.Maximal size of fishes investigated +355 mm +SL. Preopercular rim with 3 spines, 2 spines positioned at bend and 1 further up, with fleshy flap in between spines 2 and 3. + + +Meristics ( +4 specimens +, not including juvenile +holotype +of + +P. phyllosoma + +): precaudal vertebrae (12–13); total vertebrae 52–54; dorsal-fin rays 96–101; anal-fin rays 70–73; pectoral-fin rays 25–27; caudal-fin rays 10; D/V = -3– -4; D/A = 29–30; V/A = 16–17; long gill rakers on first gill arch 4–5; pseudobranchial filaments 5–6; transversal scale rows above origin of anal fin 72–78, and above lateral line 20–21; pyloric coeca 18–21. + + +Morphometrics ( +4 specimens +) in % of SL: HL 22.7–26.5; body depth at vent 21–23; diameter of eye 4.4–5.0; upper jaw length 11.4–14.5; interorbital width 6.5–8.1; pelvic-fin base to anal-fin base 22.2–26; predorsal length 18.8–23; preanal length 41.7–51; prepelvic length 19.1–27; pectoral-fin length 14.5–17.2; pelvic-fin length 11.5– 13. + + +Otolith morphology ( +1 specimen +from specimen of +295 mm +SL). Size +23.3 mm +in length; OL:OH = 2.15; OH: OT = 2.4. Moderately thin, oval, elongated, anteriorly moderately rounded, posteriorly distinctly pointed, anterior and posterior tips positioned along median sulcus axis. Dorsal rim regularly curved, relatively high, smooth; ventral rim about as deep as dorsal rim high, smooth. Inner face distinctly bent/convex in horizontal and vertical directions, with long, undivided sulcus reaching relatively close to anterior and posterior rims of otolith. Sulcus with shallow, undivided, uniform colliculum with slightly concave dorsal rim and slightly convex ventral rim and rounded anterior and posterior tips. OL:CL = 1.25. Dorsal field smooth, without depression; ventral field smooth. Outer face nearly flat, rather smooth. + + +Coloration. Live coloration pale with small dark spots in small individuals ( + +Girard +et al. +2023 + +). Color of preserved large specimens medium to dark brown, with dusty dark brown coloration on scales. + + + + +Discussion. + +Pycnocraspedum phyllosoma + +resembles + +P. armatum + +in many traits and differs only in relatively subtle features such as the number of spines on the preopercle (3 vs. 4), 72–78 transversal scale rows (vs. 60–68), 18–21 pyloric coeca (vs. 12–16), and a relatively dark body coloration. Its otoliths show a symmetrical shape of dorsal and ventral rim while in other species the ventral rim is shallower than the dorsal rim or vice versa in + +P. squamipinne + +, where the ventral rim is deeper than the dorsal rim. + + + + +Distribution. + +Pycnocraspedum phyllosoma + +is the only species of the genus known from the tropical West Atlantic while all other extant species of + +Pycnocraspedum + +occur in the Indo-West Pacific. The +136 mm +SL +holotype +was caught pelagic in the +Turks Island +Passage, Pawnee St. 52. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/DC/87/03DC87D19004FFD9FF77FF6F8C17A9EB.xml b/data/03/DC/87/03DC87D19004FFD9FF77FF6F8C17A9EB.xml index 523c418b72b..4c6918ae499 100644 --- a/data/03/DC/87/03DC87D19004FFD9FF77FF6F8C17A9EB.xml +++ b/data/03/DC/87/03DC87D19004FFD9FF77FF6F8C17A9EB.xml @@ -1,62 +1,62 @@ - - - -Revision of the bathydemersal fish genus Pycnocraspedum (Ophidiidae; Teleostei), with description of two new species + + + +Revision of the bathydemersal fish genus Pycnocraspedum (Ophidiidae; Teleostei), with description of two new species - - -Author + + +Author -Schwarzhans, Werner W. -0009-0008-4026-3995 -Ahrensburger Weg 103, D- 22359 Hamburg, Germany -jgnielsen@snm.ku.dk +Schwarzhans, Werner W. +0009-0008-4026-3995 +Ahrensburger Weg 103, D- 22359 Hamburg, Germany +jgnielsen@snm.ku.dk - - -Author + + +Author -Psomadakis, Peter N. -South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (NRF-SAIAB), Private Bag 1015, Makhanda, 6140, South Africa & South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Private Bag 1015, Makhanda, 6140, South Africa +Psomadakis, Peter N. +South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (NRF-SAIAB), Private Bag 1015, Makhanda, 6140, South Africa & South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Private Bag 1015, Makhanda, 6140, South Africa - - -Author + + +Author -Nielsen, Jørgen G. -0009-0008-4026-3995 -jgnielsen@snm.ku.dk +Nielsen, Jørgen G. +0009-0008-4026-3995 +jgnielsen@snm.ku.dk -text - - -Zootaxa +text + + +Zootaxa - -2025 - -2025-05-19 + +2025 + +2025-05-19 - -5636 + +5636 - -3 + +3 - -443 -472 + +443 +472 - -https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5636.3.2 + +https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5636.3.2 -journal article -10.11646/zootaxa.5636.3.2 -1175-5326 -15561733 -ED905457-C12F-45D2-B3F4-77082279E26B +journal article +10.11646/zootaxa.5636.3.2 +1175-5326 +15561733 +ED905457-C12F-45D2-B3F4-77082279E26B @@ -76,34 +76,36 @@ Figures 3 , 5 -, 10, 12; -Tables 1 , -2 +10 +, 12; +Tables 1 +, +2 Material examined ( + holotype , 235 mm SL): - WAM P28058.021 , 18°05'S , 118°10'E -, -West +, West Australia , approximately + 80 km -southwest of -Rowley Shoals +southwest of Rowley Shoals + , 400 m @@ -120,13 +122,15 @@ and . - + Diagnosis. Precaudal vertebrae 12, total vertebrae 52; dorsal-fin rays 87; anal-fin rays 69; pectoral-fin rays 25; long gill rakers on first gill arch 4; pseudobranchial filaments 4–5; 2 dorsal-fin rays in front of first vertebra; HL 25.3% of SL; body depth at vent 18.9% of SL; predorsal length 23% of SL; transverse scale rows above origin of anal fin 70, and above lateral line 17; broad expansion on preopercular angle with two spines, concave section above spine 2 without fleshy flap on hind margin of preopercle; otolith ( 16.5 mm in length) OL:OH = 2.1, dorsal rim crenulated. + + FIGURE 10. @@ -151,7 +155,7 @@ in length) OL:OH = 2.1, dorsal rim crenulated. holotype . - + Description diff --git a/data/03/DC/87/03DC87D19007FFD7FF77FDED899EAE7D.xml b/data/03/DC/87/03DC87D19007FFD7FF77FDED899EAE7D.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..8107b4870ae --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/DC/87/03DC87D19007FFD7FF77FDED899EAE7D.xml @@ -0,0 +1,479 @@ + + + +Revision of the bathydemersal fish genus Pycnocraspedum (Ophidiidae; Teleostei), with description of two new species + + + +Author + +Schwarzhans, Werner W. +0009-0008-4026-3995 +Ahrensburger Weg 103, D- 22359 Hamburg, Germany +jgnielsen@snm.ku.dk + + + +Author + +Psomadakis, Peter N. +South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (NRF-SAIAB), Private Bag 1015, Makhanda, 6140, South Africa & South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Private Bag 1015, Makhanda, 6140, South Africa + + + +Author + +Nielsen, Jørgen G. +0009-0008-4026-3995 +jgnielsen@snm.ku.dk + +text + + +Zootaxa + + +2025 + +2025-05-19 + + +5636 + + +3 + + +443 +472 + + + + +https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5636.3.2 + +journal article +10.11646/zootaxa.5636.3.2 +1175-5326 +15561733 +ED905457-C12F-45D2-B3F4-77082279E26B + + + + + + + +Pycnocraspedum squamipinne +Alcock, 1889 + + + + + + + +Figures 1 +, +3 +, +5 +, +11 +, +12 +; +Tables 1 +, +2 + + + + + + + +Pycnocraspedum squamipinne +Alcock, 1889: 386 + + +; figured in +Alcock 1898 +: pl. 21, fig. 1 as + +Neobythites squamipinnis +, Bay + +of Bengal, +20°17'30"N +, +88°50'E +, RV Investigator, depth 193 fathoms ( +353 m +). + + + + +Pycnocraspedum squamipinne +Alcock, 1889 + +: +Menon & Yazdani (1968) +, +Menon & Rama-Rao (1970) +, +Menon & Rama-Rao (1975) +, + +Nielsen +et al. +(1999) + +, Evseenko & Okiyama (2006), + +Psomadakis +et al. +(2020) + +, + +Teena +et al. +(2021) + +, +Prokofiev (2022) +. + + + + +Material examined +( +6 specimens +, +122–243 mm +SL): + +1 specimen +lectotype +, +BMNH +1890.7.31.1 +, +20°17'30"N +88°50'E +( +Bay of Bengal +), +RV Investigator +, + +353 m + + +; + +1 specimen +ZMUC +P +771737, 226 mm +SL, off +Myanmar +, +Bay of Bengal +, +18°16'N +, +93°43'E +, +R +/ +V + +Dr. Fridtjof Nansen + +, survey 2015404, st.19, bottom trawl, + +127–130 m + +, + +3 May 2015 + + +; + +2 specimens +ZMUC +P 771736 +and P 771738, 120– +195 mm +SL, off +Myanmar +, +Bay of Bengal +, +18°14'N +, +93°38'E +, +R +/ +V + +Dr. Fridtjof Nansen + +, survey 2015404, +St. +18, bottom trawl, + +466–469 m + +, + +3 May 2015 + + +; + +1 specimen +ZMUC +P +771739, 225 mm +SL, off +Myanmar +, +Bay of Bengal +, +16°26'N +, +93°57'E +, +R +/ +V + +Dr. Fridtjof Nansen + +, survey 2015404, st. 42, bottom trawl, + +274–277 m + +, + +6 May 2015 + + +; + +1 specimen +ZMUC +P +771871, 196 mm +SL, off +Myanmar +, +Bay of Bengal +, +16°26'N +, +93°57'E +, +R +/ +V + +Dr. Fridtjof Nansen + +, survey 2018411, st. 26, bottom trawl, 241– + +229 m + +, + +29 Aug. 2018 + + +. + + + + +Diagnosis. +Precaudal vertebrae 12–13, total vertebrae 47–51; dorsal-fin rays 90–92; anal-fin rays 57–65; pectoral-fin rays 25–30; long gill rakers on first gill arch 4; pseudobranchials 1–2; 1–3 dorsal-fin rays in front of first vertebra; HL 29.6–31.5% of SL; body depth at vent 17.3–18% of SL; predorsal length 25–29% of SL; transversal scale rows above origin of anal fin 52–58 ( +58–60 in +paralectotypes +according to + +Teena +et al. +2021 + +), and above lateral line 13–17 ( +11–15 in +paralectotypes +according to + +Teena +et al. +2021 + +); pyloric coeca 12–13; preopercle with 1 weak spine above first lower preopercular pore and broad concave section above; otoliths relatively small, at> +10 mm +in length: OL:OH = 2.4–2.5, dorsal rim shallow, smooth. + + + + +Description. +Relatively robust fish with stout tapering tail and rounded snout.Maximal size of fishes investigated +243 mm +SL. Head stout, with straight, inclined dorsal profile. Preopercle with 1 weak spine above first lower preopercular pore, with broad concave section above and obtuse angle below second preopercular pore. + + +Meristics ( +6 specimens +): precaudal vertebrae 12 (12–13); total vertebrae 49 (47–51); dorsal-fin rays 92 (90–92); anal-fin rays 65 (57–65); pectoral-fin rays 28 (25–30); caudal-fin rays 10; D/V = -2 (-1– -3); D/A = 24–31; V/A = 16–17; long gill rakers on first gill arch 4; pseudobranchial filaments 1 (1–2); transversal scale rows above origin of anal fin 52–58, and above lateral line 13–17; pyloric coeca 12–13. + + +Morphometrics ( +5 specimens +) in % of SL: HL 29.6 (29.6–31.5); body depth at vent 17.3 (17–18); diameter of eye 4.9 (4.5–5.1); upper jaw length 15.4 (15.0–15.4); interorbital width 5.2 (5.2–6.2); pelvic-fin base to anal-fin base 26 (26–32.5); predorsal length 27 (25–29); preanal length 46–52; prepelvic length 20–21.5; pectoral-fin length 15.2 (15.2–18); pelvic-fin length 11.4–14. + + +Otolith morphology ( +3 specimens +). Size up to +12 mm +in length; OL:OH = +2.4–2.5 in +specimens larger than +10 mm +in length, +1.8 in +specimens smaller than +6 mm +in length; OH:OT = 2.6–2.8. Otolith relatively thin, elongated, anteriorly rounded, posteriorly rounded or slightly pointed; anterior and posterior tips along horizontal axis. Dorsal rim shallow, nearly flat or depressed at times, moderately lobed in small specimens; ventral rim shallow, regularly curved. All rims smooth. Inner face nearly flat, less bent than outer face. Sulcus moderately long, horizontal, with shallow, undivided, uniform colliculum with flat to straight dorsal rim and slightly convex ventral rim and rounded anterior and posterior tips. OL:CL = 1.5–1.6. Dorsal field without distinct depression; ventral field smooth. Outer face more convex than inner face, smooth. + +Coloration. Live coloration unknown. Color of preserved specimens light brown. + + + +Discussion. + +Teena +et al. +(2021) + +presented a re-description of + +P. squamipinne + +based on two of the +three syntypes +from the Bay of Bengal at ZSI (Kolkata) and 15 additional newly collected specimens off southern +India +. The values given for the +syntypes +(now +paralectotypes +) fall well into the range of the specimens studied by us, although they are larger at 270 and +277 mm +SL than our specimens. The detailed figures of Teena +et al. +including the otolith of a +200 mm +SL specimen match our descriptions reasonably well. However, the maximal range given by them for meristics and morphometrics in their table 1 exceeds all values that we recognized for + +P. squamipinne + +. Possibly, the maximum value refers to their largest specimen of +380 mm +SL, which is also of an unusual size for this relatively small species. The cause for this discrepancy is unknown, but one possible explanation could be that the specimen(s) in question represent another species of the genus, for instance + +P. africanum + +. However, to resolve such speculation requires the review of the original specimens. + + + +FIGURE 11. + +Pycnocraspedum squamipinne +Alcock, 1889 + +, lectotype, BMNH 1890.7.31.1, 20°17'30"N 88°50'E, 353 m. + + + + +FIGURE 12. +Geographic distribution of the species of + +Pycnocraspedum + +. One symbol can represent more than one location. + + + +As analyzed here, + +P. squamipinne + +shows a number of characters that distinguish it well from its congeners. These are the low number of vertebrae (47–51 vs. 51–59), the low number of anal-fin rays (57–65 vs. 68–79, except +63 in + +P. fulvum + +), the low number of pseudobranchial filaments (1–2 vs. 4–7), the low number of transversal scale rows (52–58) and scale rows above the lateral line (13–17), the large head (HL in % of SL = 29.6–31.5 vs. 22.7– 27.6), slender shape (body depth in % of SL = 17–18 vs. 18.9–23.3), and the predorsal length in % of SL (25–29 vs. 17–25). The rear margin of the preopercle is relatively thin and weak with only one distinct spine (the second from below as described in the chapter “Key characters”; +Fig. 3 +). Also, the otolith morphology is distinctly different from that of its congeners being characterized by a shallow, nearly flat dorsal rim, the inner face less bent than the outer face (vs. inner face strongly or more bent than outer face) and a relatively short sulcus (OL:CL = 1.5–1.6 vs. 1.3–1.45). Furthermore, + +P. squamipinne + +does not seem to grow to the sizes of its congeners (maximal verified size is SL +277 mm +SL vs. +345–420 mm +SL). + + + + +Distribution. + +Pycnocraspedum squamipinne + +has been mentioned across a wide distribution range in the Indo-West Pacific from East Africa to +New Caledonia +. However, in our study we found that all records from outside of the Bay of Bengal represent different species: + +P. africanum + +in East Africa and mostly + +P. armatum + +elsewhere outside of the Bay of Bengal. It thus appears that + +P. squamipinne + +is endemic to the Bay of Bengal. Subject to review of certain specimens mentioned by + +Teena +et al. +(2021) + +it is possible that a second species of + +Pycnocraspedum + +may occur off +India +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/DC/87/03DC87D19009FFD6FF77F9618A93A97B.xml b/data/03/DC/87/03DC87D19009FFD6FF77F9618A93A97B.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..f30221db3dd --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/DC/87/03DC87D19009FFD6FF77F9618A93A97B.xml @@ -0,0 +1,181 @@ + + + +Revision of the bathydemersal fish genus Pycnocraspedum (Ophidiidae; Teleostei), with description of two new species + + + +Author + +Schwarzhans, Werner W. +0009-0008-4026-3995 +Ahrensburger Weg 103, D- 22359 Hamburg, Germany +jgnielsen@snm.ku.dk + + + +Author + +Psomadakis, Peter N. +South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (NRF-SAIAB), Private Bag 1015, Makhanda, 6140, South Africa & South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Private Bag 1015, Makhanda, 6140, South Africa + + + +Author + +Nielsen, Jørgen G. +0009-0008-4026-3995 +jgnielsen@snm.ku.dk + +text + + +Zootaxa + + +2025 + +2025-05-19 + + +5636 + + +3 + + +443 +472 + + + + +https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5636.3.2 + +journal article +10.11646/zootaxa.5636.3.2 +1175-5326 +15561733 +ED905457-C12F-45D2-B3F4-77082279E26B + + + + + + +† + +Pycnocraspedum cetonaense +( +Schwarzhans, 1978 +) + + + + + + + +Fig. 5M + + + + + +Brotulidarum + + +cetonaensis +Schwarzhans, 1978: 37–38 + + +, pl. 10, fig. 115. + + + +‘ + +genus + +Neobythitinorum ’ +cetonaensis +( +Schwarzhans, 1978 +) + + +: +Nolf (1980) +. + + + +Paragenypterus cetonaensis +( +Schwarzhans, 1978 +) + +: +Schwarzhans (1981) +. + + + +Pycnocraspedum cetonaensis +( +Schwarzhans, 1978 +) + +: +Schwarzhans (1994) +; +Nolf (2013) +. + + + + +Material examined +( +1 specimen +): + +The unique +holotype +, +SMF +P.5694 +, +Cetona near Siena +, +Italy +, +Zanclean +, +Early Pliocene +, a fossil otolith + +. + + + + +Discussion. + +Pycnocraspedum cetonaense + +was recovered from the Early Pliocene (about 5 mya) of +Italy +and represents the only known fossil record of the genus, based on a single large otolith. The otolith resembles in shape and proportions those of the extant + +P. africanum + +but differs in the relatively wide sulcus and the presence of clearly separated ostial and caudal colliculi (vs. single, fused colliculum). This record also demonstrates that the genus + +Pycnocraspedum + +was even more widely distributed in the past than today. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/DC/87/03DC87D19016FFC7FF77F8838CDAAAA5.xml b/data/03/DC/87/03DC87D19016FFC7FF77F8838CDAAAA5.xml index be35672bbfb..127ad2d6771 100644 --- a/data/03/DC/87/03DC87D19016FFC7FF77F8838CDAAAA5.xml +++ b/data/03/DC/87/03DC87D19016FFC7FF77F8838CDAAAA5.xml @@ -1,70 +1,70 @@ - - - -Revision of the bathydemersal fish genus Pycnocraspedum (Ophidiidae; Teleostei), with description of two new species + + + +Revision of the bathydemersal fish genus Pycnocraspedum (Ophidiidae; Teleostei), with description of two new species - - -Author + + +Author -Schwarzhans, Werner W. -0009-0008-4026-3995 -Ahrensburger Weg 103, D- 22359 Hamburg, Germany -jgnielsen@snm.ku.dk +Schwarzhans, Werner W. +0009-0008-4026-3995 +Ahrensburger Weg 103, D- 22359 Hamburg, Germany +jgnielsen@snm.ku.dk - - -Author + + +Author -Psomadakis, Peter N. -South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (NRF-SAIAB), Private Bag 1015, Makhanda, 6140, South Africa & South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Private Bag 1015, Makhanda, 6140, South Africa +Psomadakis, Peter N. +South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (NRF-SAIAB), Private Bag 1015, Makhanda, 6140, South Africa & South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Private Bag 1015, Makhanda, 6140, South Africa - - -Author + + +Author -Nielsen, Jørgen G. -0009-0008-4026-3995 -jgnielsen@snm.ku.dk +Nielsen, Jørgen G. +0009-0008-4026-3995 +jgnielsen@snm.ku.dk -text - - -Zootaxa +text + + +Zootaxa - -2025 - -2025-05-19 + +2025 + +2025-05-19 - -5636 + +5636 - -3 + +3 - -443 -472 + +443 +472 - -https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5636.3.2 + +https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5636.3.2 -journal article -10.11646/zootaxa.5636.3.2 -1175-5326 -15561733 -ED905457-C12F-45D2-B3F4-77082279E26B +journal article +10.11646/zootaxa.5636.3.2 +1175-5326 +15561733 +ED905457-C12F-45D2-B3F4-77082279E26B - + Key to the species of - + Pycnocraspedum @@ -74,9 +74,9 @@ Key to the species of (see also -Table 2 +Table 2 for the complete set of measurements and -Table 3 +Table 3 for measurement and meristic ranges of selected traits; data for P. microlepis diff --git a/data/03/DC/87/03DC87D19017FFC8FF77F9A28C6EAF13.xml b/data/03/DC/87/03DC87D19017FFC8FF77F9A28C6EAF13.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..7c64c26c693 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/DC/87/03DC87D19017FFC8FF77F9A28C6EAF13.xml @@ -0,0 +1,446 @@ + + + +Revision of the bathydemersal fish genus Pycnocraspedum (Ophidiidae; Teleostei), with description of two new species + + + +Author + +Schwarzhans, Werner W. +0009-0008-4026-3995 +Ahrensburger Weg 103, D- 22359 Hamburg, Germany +jgnielsen@snm.ku.dk + + + +Author + +Psomadakis, Peter N. +South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (NRF-SAIAB), Private Bag 1015, Makhanda, 6140, South Africa & South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Private Bag 1015, Makhanda, 6140, South Africa + + + +Author + +Nielsen, Jørgen G. +0009-0008-4026-3995 +jgnielsen@snm.ku.dk + +text + + +Zootaxa + + +2025 + +2025-05-19 + + +5636 + + +3 + + +443 +472 + + + + +https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5636.3.2 + +journal article +10.11646/zootaxa.5636.3.2 +1175-5326 +15561733 +ED905457-C12F-45D2-B3F4-77082279E26B + + + + + + +Genus + +Pycnocraspedum +Alcock, 1889 + + + + + + + + +Pycnocraspedum +Alcock, 1889 + +: +type +species by monotypy + +Pycnocraspedum squamipinne +Alcock, 1889 + +. + + + +Itatius +Matsubara, 1943 + +: +type +species by monotypy + +Itatius microlepis +Matsubara, 1943 + +. + + + +Paragenypterus +Schwarzhans, 1981 + +: +type +species by monotypy +Brotulidarum centonaensis +Schwarzans, 1978, a fossil otolith-based taxon. + + + + +Diagnosis +(adopted and altered from + +Nielsen +et al. +1999 + +). A genus of the subfamily +Neobythitinae +characterized by the following combination of characters: Body short with large head; upper jaw ending behind eye; hind margin of preopercle with 1 to 4, spines; 2 median basibranchial tooth patches, sometimes accompanied by additional small single or pair of lateral patches; very small, closely packed teeth resembling sandpaper surface on dentary, premaxilla, vomer and palatines; 4 to 6 developed gill rakers on first gill arch; 2–3 lower preopercular pores; no upper preopercular pore; 1 to 7 small pseudobranchial filaments; pectoral-fin rays 24 to 28; precaudal vertebrae 11 to 14 (mostly 12 to 13); 0 to 5 dorsal-fin rays in front of first vertebra; otoliths slender with long, uniform sulcus. Head and body completely covered with small cycloid scales, including bases of dorsal, anal and pectoral fins. + + + + +General description +: A number of characters occur in all species of + +Pycnocraspedum + +in the same manner. In order to reduce redundancy, the following description summarizes those characters that are valid in all the species here studied. + +Head stout, with straight, inclined dorsal profile. Opercle with sharp, slightly extruding spine. Eye moderately small. Maxilla extending far behind eye, strongly widened posteriorly upward and downward from axis and with a vertical posterior end. Narrow, poorly defined supramaxilla. Pores: 1 anterior supraorbital, no posterior supraorbital, 3 anterior infraorbital, 3 posterior infraorbital, 3 anterior mandibular, 3 posterior mandibular, 2–3 lower preopercular. Head completely covered with scales, including opercle, preopercle, cheeks, and maxilla. Scales on head larger than scales on body and peduncle. +Dentition. Minute sandpaper-like granular teeth on broad dentary and premaxillary bands, narrow palatine bands, and a narrow, boomerang-shaped vomerine patch. Basibranchial tooth patches 2 long median and 1 small lateral patch on left or right side, rarely a symmetrical pair. + + + +Discussion: +Following the synonymization of the genera + +Tauredophidium +Alcock, 1890 + +and + +Xyelacyba +Cohen, 1961 + +with + +Acanthonus +Günther, 1878 + +by + +Girard +et al. +(2024) + +and the establishment of +Tenuicephalichthys +Schwarzhans & Møller 2024 +, the subfamily +Neobythitinae +now comprises 37 genera. The interrelationships of many of the neobythitine genera have remained elusive. +Matsubara (1943) +found + +Itatius + +(syn. + +Pycnocraspedum + +) resembling + +Neobythites + +, differing from + +Neobythites + +in: “1) bones of head soft; 2) pseudobranchiae absent; 3) developed gill-rakers on first gill-arch fewer than 5; 4) dorsal inserted above the upper angle of the gill-opening.” +Gosline (1954) +postulated the existence of a group of oviparous brotulid genera which he thought are intermediate between oviparous and viviparous genera and counted + +Pycnocraspedum + +and + +Volcanus + +(syn. + +Luciobrotula + +) to this group. +Cohen (1964) +added + +Petrotyx + +to this group and +Cohen & Nielsen (1978) +considered + +Pycnocraspedum + +belonging to a cluster with + +Luciobrotula +, +Petrotyx + +and + +Spottobrotula + +. +Machida (1984) +found + +Pycnocraspedum + +resembling + +Neobythites + +. Studies using molecular phylogenetic analysis of neobythitine taxa so far are few. + +Møller +et al. +(2016) + +did not include + +Pycnocraspedum + +. + +Girard +et al. +(2023) + +resolved + +Pycnocraspedum + +as sister taxon of + +Neobythites + +. +Wong & Chen (2024) +showed + +Pycnocraspedum + +in a clade with + +Brotulataenia + +and + +Lamprogrammus + +. + + +A comparison of the diagnostic key characters of + +Pycnocraspedum + +—developed gill rakers, number of precaudal vertebrae, origin of dorsal fin, presence/absence of preopercular spines, number of pectoral-fin rays, and otolith morphology—showed the highest degree of congruence with + +Neobythites + +(except origin of dorsal fin) and + +Monomitopus + +(except origin of dorsal fin and developed gill rakers) ( +Table 1 +). Particularly the origin of the dorsal fin in front of the first vertebra is an almost unique character within +Ophidiiformes +, shared only with + +Leptobrotula + +. The dorsal-fin commences above the first vertebra in some species of the genera + +Glyptophidium + +, + +Sirembo + +and + +Spottobrotula + +otherwise it commences above the third vertebra or posteriorly in other ophidiiforms. A low number of developed gill rakers on the first gill arch is shared with several other genera such as + +Barathrites + +, + +Dannevigia + +, + +Hoplobrotula +, +Luciobrotula + +, + +Petrotyx + +and + +Sirembo + +. Long, slender otoliths are also found in + +Bassogigas + +, + +Epetriodus + +, + +Luciobrotula + +, + +Monomitopus + +and + +Neobythites + +, but only in + +Bassogigas + +, + +Neobythites + +and in some species of + +Monomitopus + +the slender otolith shape is paired with a long sulcus. This comparison would indeed support a relationship of + +Pycnocraspedum + +with + +Neobythites + +as the most likely outcome. + + +Species: +We consider all previously described 5 extant species as valid for + +Pycnocraspedum + +and describe 2 new species: + +P. africanum + + +sp. nov. + +from the Western Indian Ocean, + +P. armatum +Gosline, 1954 + +, widely distributed in the Western and Central Pacific as far east as to Hawaii and south to +New Caledonia +, + +P. fulvum +Machida, 1984 + +from +Japan +, + +P. microlepis +( +Matsubara, 1943 +) + +from +Japan +is considered nominally valid but could not be reassessed due to the apparent loss of the unique +type +, + +P. phyllosoma +( +Parr, 1933 +) + +from the Caribbean, + +P. rowleyensis + + +sp. nov. + +from off northwestern +Australia +, and the +type +species + +P. squamipinne +Alcock, 1889 + +from the Bay of Bengal. In addition, there is one fossil otolith-based species from the Early Pliocene of +Italy +: + +P. centonaense +( +Schwarzhans, 1978 +) + +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/DC/87/03DC87D1901BFFC3FF77FF6F8C16AB03.xml b/data/03/DC/87/03DC87D1901BFFC3FF77FF6F8C16AB03.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..b5ab0f0ac08 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/DC/87/03DC87D1901BFFC3FF77FF6F8C16AB03.xml @@ -0,0 +1,551 @@ + + + +Revision of the bathydemersal fish genus Pycnocraspedum (Ophidiidae; Teleostei), with description of two new species + + + +Author + +Schwarzhans, Werner W. +0009-0008-4026-3995 +Ahrensburger Weg 103, D- 22359 Hamburg, Germany +jgnielsen@snm.ku.dk + + + +Author + +Psomadakis, Peter N. +South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (NRF-SAIAB), Private Bag 1015, Makhanda, 6140, South Africa & South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Private Bag 1015, Makhanda, 6140, South Africa + + + +Author + +Nielsen, Jørgen G. +0009-0008-4026-3995 +jgnielsen@snm.ku.dk + +text + + +Zootaxa + + +2025 + +2025-05-19 + + +5636 + + +3 + + +443 +472 + + + + +https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5636.3.2 + +journal article +10.11646/zootaxa.5636.3.2 +1175-5326 +15561733 +ED905457-C12F-45D2-B3F4-77082279E26B + + + + + + + +Pycnocraspedum africanum + +sp. nov. + + + + + + +Figures 3 +, +5 +, +6 +, +12 +; +Tables 1 +, +2 + + + + + +Pycnocraspedum squamipinne + +(non +Alcock, 1889 +): +Schwarzhans 1994 +(including +holotype +from MNHN), + +Fricke +et al. +2018 + +(same specimens from MNHN including +holotype +and +paratype +), Nielsen & Uiblein (2022). + + + + +Pycnocraspedum +sp. cf. +squamipinne + +? (non +Alcock, 1889 +): + +Prokofiev (2005) +: 118 + +, figs. 9–10 (same specimen from ZIN now +paratype +). + + + + + +Material examined +( +7 specimens +, +85–420 mm +SL): + +Holotype +: +MNHN + +2000–5691 +, 420 mm + +SL, +22°21'7.2''S +, +43°4'4.8''E +(off western +Madagascar +), +beam trawl + +450 m + +, +Crosnier st. ch095 +, + +27 November 1973 + +; + + +paratypes +: +MNHN + +2000–5692 +, 330 mm + +SL, +12°27'7.2''S +48°12'3.6''E +( +Madagascar +Channel +), +beam trawl + +600–605 m + +, +Crosnier st. ch021 +, + +19 January 1972 + +; + + +2 specimens +SAIAB +98892 +, +100–110 mm +SL, +12.6953°S +40.667°E +(off northern +Mozambique +), haul 135, +beam trawl + +292 m + +, + +23 November 2007 + +; + + +1 specimen +SAIAB +98894 +, +85 mm +SL, +12.6953°S +40.667°E +(off northern +Mozambique +), haul 136, +beam trawl + +391 m + +, + +23 November 2007 + +; + + +1 specimen +SAIAB +98897 +, +95 mm +SL, +11.1341°S +40.7696°E +(off northern +Mozambique +), + +24 November 2007 + +; + + +1 specimen +, +ZIN + +51521 +, 210 mm + +SL, Vityaz cruise 17, +st. 2522 +, +21°16'S +35°41'E +(off eastern +South Africa +), + +480–500 m + +, + +21 November 1988 + +. + + + + + +Diagnosis. +Precaudal vertebrae 12–13, total vertebrae 51–54; dorsal-fin rays 88–92; anal-fin rays 68–71; pectoral-fin rays 25; long gill rakers on first gill arch 4; pseudobranchials 4–5; 1–3 dorsal-fin rays in front of first vertebra; HL 27.1–27.6% of SL; body depth at vent 21–22.5% of SL; predorsal length 23–24.5% of SL; transversal scale rows above origin of anal fin 85–90, and above lateral line 22–23; broad expansion on preopercular angle with two spines, fleshy flap on hind margin of preopercle above spine 2; otoliths> +15 mm +in length: OL:OH = 2.5–2.7, dorsal rim with rounded obtuse middorsal angle. + + + + +Description. +Relatively robust fish with stout tapering tail and rounded snout.Maximal size of fishes investigated +420 mm +SL ( +holotype +). Preopercular rim with two blunt spines positioned at bend, fleshy flap above 2 +nd +spine and no spine further upward. + + +Meristics ( +6 specimens +): precaudal vertebrae 13 (12–13); total vertebrae 53 (51–54); dorsal-fin rays 91 (88– 92); anal-fin rays 69 (68–71); pectoral-fin rays 25; caudal-fin rays 10; D/V = -2 (-1– -3); D/A = 28 (23–28); V/A = 19 (15–19); long gill rakers on first gill arch 4; pseudobranchial filaments 4 (4–5); transversal scale rows above origin of anal fin 85–90, and above lateral line 22–23; pyloric coeca unable to count. + + +Morphometrics ( +3 specimens +) in % of SL: HL 27.1–27.6; body depth at vent 21 (21–22.5); diameter of eye 4.1 (4.1–4.8); upper jaw length 15 (12–15); interorbital width 7.1 (7.1–7.5); pelvic-fin base to anal-fin base 24 (24–26); predorsal length 24.5 (22.9–24.5); preanal length 52 (46.2–52); prepelvic length 27.5 (22.9–27.5); pectoral-fin length 13.5 (12–15.7); pelvic-fin length 12 (12–12.5). + + +Otolith morphology ( +4 specimens +). Size up to +22 mm +in length ( +holotype +); OL:OH = +2.5–2.7 in +specimens larger than +15 mm +in length, +1.6 in +specimens smaller than +7 mm +in length, and single intermediate form with 2.3 at about +12 mm +in length; OH:OT = 2.7–3.0. Thin, oval, elongated, anteriorly moderately projecting, posteriorly distinctly pointed, anterior and posterior tips inferior. Dorsal rim with broad, rounded, obtuse mediodorsal angle in large specimens and shallow ventral rim. All rims smooth in large specimens (> +15 mm +in length) intensely crenulated in smaller specimens (< +12 mm +in length). Inner face slightly bent in horizontal direction, nearly flat in vertical direction, with very long, undivided sulcus reaching close to anterior and posterior rims of otolith. Sulcus with shallow, undivided, uniform colliculum with flat to slightly concave dorsal rim and slightly convex ventral rim and rounded anterior and posterior tips. OL:CL = 1.3–1.35. Dorsal field with broad, indistinct depression; ventral field smooth, occasionally with faint central furrow. Outer face smooth in large specimens, with many radial furrows and central tubercles in small specimens. + +Coloration. Live coloration unknown. Color of preserved specimens light brown. + + + +Discussion. + +Pyconocraspedum +africanum + +is the largest species of the genus so far known, with the +holotype +of +420 mm +of SL. The species differs from the type species + +Pycnocraspedum squamipinne + +in the higher number of anal-fin rays (68–71 vs. 57–65), the higher number of pseudobranchial filaments (4–5 vs. 1–2), the more slender shape (depth at vent in % of SL 21–22 vs. 17–18) and the shorter head (27.1–27.6 vs. 29.6–31.5 % of SL). + +Pycnocraspedum africanum + +differs from + +P. fulvum + +in the higher number of dorsal-fin rays (88–92 vs. 78) and anal-fin rays (68–71 vs. 63). + +Pycnocraspedum africanum + +differs from + +P. armatum + +and + +P. phyllosoma + +in the lower number of dorsal-fin rays (88–92 vs. 95–103). + +Pycnocraspedum africanum + +resembles closest + +P. rowleyensis + + +sp. nov. + +from off northern +Western Australia +in the number of dorsal-fin rays and the presence of only 2 spines on the hind margin of the preopercle, but differs in the lower number of transversal scale rows (85–90 vs. 70), scale rows above the lateral line (22–23 vs. 17), the presence of a flashy flap above the lower preopercular spines (vs. concave section) and the more elongate otoliths (OL:OH = 2.5–2.7 vs. 2.1). + +Pycnocraspedum africanum + +differs from all other + +Pycnocraspedum +species + +in the high number of transversal scale rows above the origin of the anal fin of 85–90 (vs. 52–78). The otoliths of + +P. africanum + +are slenderer than those of + +P. armatum + +and + +P. phyllosoma + +(OL:OH = 2.5–2.7 vs. 2.0–2.3) and are less strongly bent; and they differ from those of + +P. squamipinne + +in the long sulcus (OL:CL = 1.3–1.35 vs. 1.5–1.6). The otoliths of + +P. africanum + +are similar to those of the fossil + +P. cetonanense +( +Schwarzhans, 1978 +) + +differing mainly in the narrower sulcus and the single, undivided colliculum (vs. two separate colliculi). + + + +FIGURE 3. +Detail figures and drawings of preopercular spines and lower preopercular pores in + +Pycnocraspedum + +; preopercular spines are numbered from 1 through 4 from the lower angle of the preoperculum upwards; abbreviation lpp = lower preopercular pore. +3A–3B +) + +Pycnocraspedum armatum +, USNM + +227412, 3A1-3A2 specimen 1 left side, 3A3 specimen 1 right side (mirror imaged), 3B specimen 2; +3C–3D +) + +Pycnocraspedum phyllosoma + +, 3C USNM 421587, 3D USNM 421586; +3E +) + +Pycnocraspedum fulvum + +(holotype), BSKU 27497; +3F–3G +) + +Pycnocraspedum africanum + + +sp. nov. + +, 3F holotype, MNHN 2000-5691, 3G paratype, MNHN 2000-5692; +3H +) + +Pycnocraspedum rowleyensis + + +sp. nov. + +, holotype, WAM I.28059.021; +3I–3K +) + +Pycnocraspedum squamipinne + +, 3I lectotype, BMNH 1890.7.31.1, 3J ZMUC P771871, 3K ZMUC P771737. + + + +The specimens here selected as +holotype +and one of the +paratypes +from MNHN have previously been listed by + +Fricke +et al. +(2018) + +as + +P. squamipinne + +. Another specimen here listed as +paratype +from ZIN has been tentatively attributed to + +P. squamipinne + +by +Prokofiev (2005) +. He noticed certain differences from typical + +P. squamipinne + +specimens such as the presence of 4 pseudobranchial filaments (vs. 1–2) and a more compressed, shorter head. It is possible that a large specimen recorded by + +Teena +et al. +(2021) + +from off Chennai coast, southern +India +, with a suspiciously high number of transversal scale rows could potentially represent + +P. africanum + +as well. + + + + +Distribution. + +Pycnocraspedum africanum + +is a relatively deep dwelling species at +450 to 605 mm +depth, while all other species mostly occur between 300 and +500 m +( + +Nielsen +et al. +1999 + +). + +Pycnocraspedum africanum + +occurs off the East African coast from +11°S +to +22°S +, but could be more widely spread in the Indian Ocean subject to review of previously recorded specimens. + + + + +Etymology. +Named after the continent of Africa from where the studied specimens have been obtained. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/03/DC/87/03DC87D1901DFFC0FF77FC728D63AFAF.xml b/data/03/DC/87/03DC87D1901DFFC0FF77FC728D63AFAF.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..51f69369f6c --- /dev/null +++ b/data/03/DC/87/03DC87D1901DFFC0FF77FC728D63AFAF.xml @@ -0,0 +1,711 @@ + + + +Revision of the bathydemersal fish genus Pycnocraspedum (Ophidiidae; Teleostei), with description of two new species + + + +Author + +Schwarzhans, Werner W. +0009-0008-4026-3995 +Ahrensburger Weg 103, D- 22359 Hamburg, Germany +jgnielsen@snm.ku.dk + + + +Author + +Psomadakis, Peter N. +South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (NRF-SAIAB), Private Bag 1015, Makhanda, 6140, South Africa & South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Private Bag 1015, Makhanda, 6140, South Africa + + + +Author + +Nielsen, Jørgen G. +0009-0008-4026-3995 +jgnielsen@snm.ku.dk + +text + + +Zootaxa + + +2025 + +2025-05-19 + + +5636 + + +3 + + +443 +472 + + + + +https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5636.3.2 + +journal article +10.11646/zootaxa.5636.3.2 +1175-5326 +15561733 +ED905457-C12F-45D2-B3F4-77082279E26B + + + + + + + +Pycnocraspedum armatum +Gosline, 1954 + + + + + + + +Figures 1 +, +2 +, +3 +, +5 +, +7 +, +12 +; +Tables 1 +, +2 + + + + + + + +Pycnocraspedum armatum +Gosline, 1954: 80–81 + + +, tables 1–2, figs. 2e, 3e, off the Mauna Loa lava flow, Kona coast, +Hawaii +. + + + + + +Pycnocraspedum armatum +Gosline, 1954 + +: +Gosline & Brock (1960) +, +Cohen & Nielsen (1978) +, Machida +in +Okamura & Kitajima (1984), +Chave & Mundy (1994) +, + +Nielsen +et al. +(1999) + +, +Mundy (2005) +, +Prokofiev (2005) +, Evseenko & Okyama (2006),? +Prokofiev (2022) +, + +Girard +et al. +(2023) + +. + + + + +Pycnocraspedum squamipinne + +(non +Alcock, 1889 +): +Nielsen (1997) +, + +Fricke +et al. +(2011) + +. + + + + +Material examined +( +14 specimens +, 77.5–334 mm SL): specimens originally identified as + +P. microlepis + +: + +1 specimen +BSKU +5055, 234 mm SL, +Mimase Fish Market +, Kochi +City +, +Kochi Prefecture +, +Shikoku Island +, +Japan +, bottom trawl, + +27 December 1955 + + +; + +1 specimen +BSKU +38643, 245 mm SL, +Mimase Fish Market +, Kochi +City +, +Kochi Prefecture +, +Shikoku Island +, +Japan +, bottom trawl, + +14 March 1983 + + +; specimens originally identified as + +P. armatum + +: + +2 specimens +LACM 44837-1 +, 213–334 mm SL, +RV +Townsend Cromwell +, st. 52–64 (off +Hawaii +), + +16 November 1989 + +; +holotype +of + +P. armatum +USNM 162717 + +, 310 mm SL, off +Kona Coast of Hawaii +, about 1/ +2 mile +off shore from point of entry into sea of the 1950 lava flow, + +2 June 1950 + + +; + +1 specimen +USNM 227389 +, 77.5 mm SL, +21.035°N +156.797°W +(off +Molokai +, +Hawaii +), +RV +Townsend Cromwell +, st. 40–67, 41 ft shrimp trawl, 199–233 m, + +19 November 1968 + + +; + +1 specimen +USNM 227390 +, 134 mm SL, +20.98°N +156.758°W +(off +Maui +, +Hawaii +), +RV +Townsend Cromwell +, st. 35-1, 41 ft shrimp trawl, 205–209 m, + +27 March 1968 + + +; + +1 specimen +USNM 227406 +, 243 mm SL, +21.0633°N +156.518°W +(off +Maui +, +Hawaii +), +RV +Townsend Cromwell +, st. 40–92, 41 ft shrimp trawl, 274–318 m, + +25 November 1968 + + +; + + +1 specimen +USNM 227408 +, 191 mm SL, +20.6617°N +156.684°W +(off +Lanai +, +Hawaii +), +RV +Townsend Cromwell +, st. 33– 38, 70 ft shrimp trawl, 289–296 m, + +9 November 1967 + + + +; + +2 specimens +USNM 227412 +, +225 +and 265+ mm SL, +21.53°N +158.38°W +(off +Hawaii +), +RV +Townsend Cromwell +, cruise 54, st. 8, 229–247 m, + +24 September 1972 + + +; + +1 specimen +USNM +455317, 165 mm SL, +21.0108°N +156.759°W +(off +Maui +, +Hawaii +), +RV +Townsend Cromwell +, st. 40–49, 41 ft shrimp trawl, 218 m, + +17 November 1968 + + +; + +1 specimen +USNM 455319 +, 276 mm SL, +20.99°N +156.751°W +(off +Maui +, +Hawaii +), +RV +Townsend Cromwell +, st. 35-2, 41 ft shrimp trawl, 201–216 m, + +28 March 1968 + + +; specimens identified as + +P. squamipinne + +: + +1 specimen +MNHN 1994-0762 +, 99 mm SL, +22°10'58.8''S +167°15'0''E +(off +New Caledonia +), +Biocal +, st. cp109, 495– + +515 m + +, + +9 September 1985 + + +. + + + + +Diagnosis. +Precaudal vertebrae 11–14, total vertebrae 52–59; dorsal-fin rays 95–103; anal-fin rays 71–79; pectoral-fin rays 25–26; long gill rakers on first gill arch 4–5; pseudobranchials 4–7; 2–5 dorsal-fin rays in front of first vertebra; HL 23.8–26.9% of SL; body depth at vent 19.4–23.3% of SL; predorsal length 17–22.4% of SL; rear margin of preopercle with 4 spines and fleshy flap between spines 2 and 3; transversal scale rows above origin of anal fin 60–68, and above lateral line 15–20; otoliths> +15 mm +in length: OL:OH = 1.95–2.2, dorsal rim crenulated or undulating. + + + + +Description. +Relatively robust fish with stout tapering tail and rounded snout. Maximal size of fishes investigated +334 mm +SL. Preopercular rim with 4 spines, 2 spines positioned at bend and 2 further up, with fleshy flap in between. + + + +FIGURE 4. +Head and body squamation details in + +Pycnocraspedum phyllosoma +, USNM + +421587; abbreviations used: aip-1–aip- 3 = anterior infraorbital pores 1–3, asp = anterior supraorbital pore, pip-1 = posterior infraorbital pore 1; preopercular spines numbered. +4A +) head squamation in lateral view; +4B +) trunk squamation and every 10 scale row count marked by white dot; +4C +) snout squamation and pores detail; +4D +) head squamation in ventral view. + + + + +FIGURE 5. +Otoliths, inner faces (if not noted otherwise) shown from right side. +5A–5C +) + +Pycnocraspedum africanum + + +sp. nov. + +, 5A holotype, MNHN 2000-5691 (5A2 dorsal view), 5B paratype MNHN 2000-5692, 5C tentatively assigned specimen, IRSNB (5C2 dorsal view, 5C3 anterior view); +5D–5E +) + +Pycnocraspedum armatum + +, 5D USNM 227412 (5D2 ventral view), 5E USNM 227390 (5E2 ventral view); +5F +) + +Pycnocraspedum fulvum + +(holotype), BSKU 27497 (5F2 ventral view, 5F3 anterior view); +5G +) + +Pycnocraspedum rowleyensis + + +sp. nov. + +, holotype, WAM I.28059.021 (5G2 ventral view); +5H +) + +Pycnocraspedum phyllosoma +, USNM + +421587 (5H2 ventral view, 5H3 anterior view); +5I–5K +) + +Pycnocraspedum squamipinne + +, 5I lectotype, BMNH 1890.7.31.1 (5I2 ventral view), 5J ZMUC P771871, 5L ZMUC P771739 (5L2 ventral view), 5K ZMUC P771738 (5K2 ventral view); +5M +) + +† +Pycnocraspedum cetonaense + +(holotype) SMF P.5694 (5M2 dorsal view, 5M3 anterior view). + + + +Meristics ( +14 specimens +, including +holotype +of + +P. armatum + +): precaudal vertebrae 13 (11–14); total vertebrae 56 (52–59); dorsal-fin rays 98 (95–103); anal-fin rays 71 (71–79); pectoral-fin rays 26 (25–26); caudal-fin rays 10; D/V = -3 (-2– -5); D/A = 29 (23–31); V/A = 17 (15–17); long gill rakers on first gill arch 5 (4–5); pseudobranchial filaments 5 (4–7); transversal scale rows above origin of anal fin 60–68, and above lateral line 20 (15–20); pyloric coeca 12 (12–16). + + +Morphometrics (4– +14 specimens +) in % of SL: HL 24.6 (23.8–26.9); body depth at vent 22.7 (19.4–23.3); diameter of eye 4.4 (3.9–4.8); upper jaw length 13.4 (11.8–15); interorbital width 7.7 (6.1–7.7); pelvic-fin base to anal-fin base 21.2 (21.1–28); predorsal length 18.4 (17–22.4); preanal length 46.3 (40–48); prepelvic length 21.2 (19.3–23.3); pectoral-fin length 16 (16–18.1); pelvic-fin length 17.5. + + +Otolith morphology ( +4 specimens +). Size up to +18 mm +in length; OL:OH = +1.95–2.2 in +specimens larger than +15 mm +in length, +1.6 in +specimens smaller than +7 mm +in length; OH:OT = 2.3–2.9. Moderately thin, oval, elongated, anteriorly moderately projecting, posteriorly distinctly pointed, anterior and posterior tips inferior. Dorsal rim regularly curved, more or less strongly crenulated, undulating in largest specimen; ventral rim shallower and smoother than dorsal rim. Ornamentation of rims decreasing with size. Inner face moderately bent in horizontal direction, and slightly bent in vertical direction, with long, undivided sulcus reaching moderately close to anterior and posterior rims of otolith. Sulcus with shallow, undivided, uniform colliculum with flat to slightly concave dorsal rim and slightly convex ventral rim and rounded anterior and posterior tips. OL:CL = 1.3–1.45. Dorsal field with narrow, indistinct depression; ventral field smooth. Outer face less convex than inner face, smooth in large specimens, with many radial furrows and central tubercles in small specimens. + + +Coloration. Live coloration dark brown, sometimes light, speckled ( +HURL 2019 +). Color of preserved specimens light brown. + + + + +Discussion. +Specimens studied from BSKU (5055 and 38643) originally identified as + +P. microlepis + +from the Mimase fish market in +Kochi +, were probably trawled in Tosa Bay, which is not far from the type locality of + +P. microlepis + +given as east of Kii Peninsula. The +two specimens +from BSKU match Matsubara’s description (1943) of the unique +holotype +reasonably well in many aspects except for the number of pseudobranchial filaments (absent in the +holotype +according to Matsubara vs. +5–6 in +the BSKU specimens) and pyloric coeca (20 vs. +13 in +the BSKU 38643 specimen). Matsubara’s description is very detailed, and therefore we consider the +two specimens +in question from BSKU to represent + +P. armatum + +rather than + +P. microlepis + +. The nature of + +P. microlepis + +thus remains elusive. + + +Gosline (1954) +described + +P. armatum + +from off Hawaii based on fishes killed by the eruption of Mauna Loa in 1950. He compared + +P. armatum + +to the type species + +P. squamipinne + +but not to + +P. microlepis + +, which was originally described as + +Itatius microlepis + +. The description of the unique +holotype +did not contain meristics and it is difficult to assess morphometric data based on the drawing. Pseudobranchial filaments were not mentioned for + +P. armatum + +but were mentioned in the description of the genus as ‘rudimentary’. A restudy of the +holotype +as well as multiple subsequently collected specimens of + +Pycnocraspedum + +from the Hawaiian Islands in the collections of LACM and USNM revealed a good match with the specimens from +Japan +(BSKU). +Machida (1984) +listed a difference of pyloric caeca of 12 for + +P. armatum + +and 20 for + +P. microlepis + +and 4 preopercular spines in + +P. armatum + +(vs. +2 in + +P. microlepis + +) based on the original descriptions. The specimens BSKU 5055 and 38643 from +Japan +have 5 to 6 pseudobranchial filaments and the specimen BSKU 38643 has 13 pyloric coeca (information provided by N. Nakayama). Therefore, we consider + +P. microlepis +( +Matsubara, 1943 +) + +as a nominally valid species distinct from + +P. armatum +Gosline, 1954 + +and place the +two specimens +from BSKU with + +P. armatum + +. + + + +Pycnocraspedum armatum + +is distinguished from its congeners by the higher number of dorsal-fin rays (95–103 vs. <93) except + +P. phyllosoma + +. Anal-fin rays also tend to be higher in number in + +P. armatum + +and + +P. phyllosoma + +(70–79 vs. 57–71). The dorsal-fin origin has a more anterior position in + +P. armatum + +compared to the other species with 2 to 5 fin rays before of the first vertebra (vs. +0 to 3 in +other species) and a predorsal length of 17–22.4, mostly <21. Otoliths> +15 mm +in length of + +P. armatum + +and + +P. phyllosoma + +are more compressed than in + +P. africanum + +and + +P. squamipinne + +(OL:OH = 1.95–2.2 vs. 2.4–2.7). The distinction of + +P. armatum + +from + +P. phyllosoma + +is relatively subtle despite their wide geographic separation (see below) and confined to differences in the number of transversal scale rows (60–68 vs. 72–75), scale rows above the lateral line (15–20 vs. 20–21) and spines on the preopercle (4 vs. 3). + + + + +Distribution. + +Pycnocraspedum armatum + +appears to be widely distributed from +Japan +to Hawaii and southward to +New Caledonia +, and possibly Central West Pacific according to +HURL (2019) +. + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/FB/22/87/FB2287EBBD17491048952E4CFC018981.xml b/data/FB/22/87/FB2287EBBD17491048952E4CFC018981.xml index 222d6326b8e..4b94c064f0f 100644 --- a/data/FB/22/87/FB2287EBBD17491048952E4CFC018981.xml +++ b/data/FB/22/87/FB2287EBBD17491048952E4CFC018981.xml @@ -1,56 +1,56 @@ - - - -The discovery of a new Niphargus species from the southern part of the Alborz Mountains, located at the eastern limit of the genus range + + + +The discovery of a new Niphargus species from the southern part of the Alborz Mountains, located at the eastern limit of the genus range - - -Author + + +Author -Mirghaffari, Seyyed Ahmad -Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Razi University, Baghabrisham 6714967346, Kermanshah, Iran. +Mirghaffari, Seyyed Ahmad +Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Razi University, Baghabrisham 6714967346, Kermanshah, Iran. - - -Author + + +Author -Esmaeili-Rineh, Somayeh -Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Razi University, Baghabrisham 6714967346, Kermanshah, Iran. +Esmaeili-Rineh, Somayeh +Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Razi University, Baghabrisham 6714967346, Kermanshah, Iran. -text - - -Zootaxa +text + + +Zootaxa - -2025 - -2025-05-19 + +2025 + +2025-05-19 - -5636 + +5636 - -3 + +3 - -473 -486 + +473 +486 - -https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5636.3.3 + +https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5636.3.3 -journal article -310111 -10.11646/zootaxa.5636.3.3 -c193e43c-712e-4246-9e93-cf6be2daa1c7 -1175-5326 -15561689 -F5C60D80-9EBB-483B-A593-347D69BBE092 +journal article +310111 +10.11646/zootaxa.5636.3.3 +c193e43c-712e-4246-9e93-cf6be2daa1c7 +1175-5326 +15561689 +F5C60D80-9EBB-483B-A593-347D69BBE092 - + @@ -71,12 +71,15 @@ Material examined. - + Holotype , ZCRU -Amph.1504, male specimen (8.0 mm) from -Samaq Abad Spring +Amph.1504 +, +male specimen +(8.0 mm) from +Samaq Abad Spring , Abyek City , @@ -95,11 +98,12 @@ on . - + Paratypes : ZCRU -Amph.1504, +Amph.1504 +, six specimens , data same as for holotype @@ -135,6 +139,720 @@ Antennae I. Antennae I 0.47 of body length. Peduncular articles 1–3 progressiv Figure 4B ). + + +TABLE 1. +Kimura 2-parameter-distances (%) between Iranian species and new collected populations of the genus +Niphargus +Schiödte, 1849 (based on 28S ribosomal DNA gene (below diagonal) and mtDNA (COI) gene (above diagonal). Symbol: +* +, indicates that the sequencing has failed and comparison cannot be made. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
123456789101112131415161718192021 +22 +
+1: +N. qazvinensis +sp.nov. +12.7910.2412.5120.1111.829.5714.6310.911.5911.1411.371310.913.9215.918.26 +14.22 +****
+2: +N. alisadri +2.211.0316.8820.9112.3512.1611.913.0812.3812.112.3615.4112.3615.7614.1512.15 +15.93 +****
+3: +N. bisitunicus +2.071.1514.721.6710.4910.7210.5111.1611.1612.0712.814.98.714.7113.69.8 +13.5 +****
+4: +N. borisi +3.522.172.723.2313.1914.1217.0715.3415.8214.8814.3710.0413.912.7617.8613.91 +7.38 +****
+5: +N. daniali +11.9111.211.6711.4917.1219.6222.1821.9619.8919.8717.0623.0517.8222.1821.718.59 +21.93 +****
+6: +N. darvishi +2.460.761.42.6911.519.5812.0810.279.8212.2710.0113.653.8214.8613.338.69 +11.8 +****
+7: +N. fiseri +1.82.572.964.2911.473.0912.5212.9811.3711.5911.3712.9810.0213.9513.787.62 +15.14 +****
+8: +N. hosseiniei +1.941.41.272.8212.281.42.8313.9912.113.2214.1813.4412.0915.659.6513.7 +14.16 +****
+9: +N. ilamensis +1.941.271.152.8311.841.272.830.898.9812.5211.8715.6110.0714.6713.3110.02 +14.42 +****
+10: +N. khwarizmi +2.071.021.152.5611.991.272.831.141.0211.6110.5213.438.9515.8515.539.13 +16.09 +****
+11: +N. +kurdistanensis +2.330.631.272.0411.051.142.961.661.661.49.7813.711.5814.715.4412.05 +14.42 +****
+12: +Niphargus +sp. (Lebanon) +2.340.631.532.0411.371.142.971.661.661.40.2515.829.5715.6116.169.82 +14.62 +****
+13: +N. nasrullahi +2.60.891.531.7811.361.43.231.791.661.41.271.2813.914.9916.9413.22 +8.98 +****
+14: +N. persicus +2.60.891.532.8211.670.253.231.531.41.41.271.271.5314.8714.338.9 +12.98 +****
+15: +N. sharifii +2.330.631.021.7811.051.142.961.531.41.150.760.760.761.2715.7113.7 +14.48 +****
+16: +N. +sohrevardensis +1.671.020.892.5612.11.012.560.380.510.761.41.41.41.141.1514.72 +16.42 +****
+17: +N. +urumiensis +1.152.332.23.7911.612.592.062.592.62.462.462.472.732.732.22.46 +13.47 +****
+18: +N. yasujensis +3.271.662.311.1411.212.184.032.572.442.181.791.791.272.311.272.18 +3.26 +****
+19: +N. hakani +1.542.432.563.8811.762.952.832.562.432.32.832.832.833.092.562.172.2 +3.35 +***
+20: +N. +hegmatanensis +2.20.251.151.9111.510.762.831.41.271.020.630.630.890.890.631.022.331.4 +2.43 +**
+21: +N. +kermanshahi +2.070.890.512.4311.671.142.961.010.890.631.021.281.271.271.020.632.462.052.3 +0.89 +*
+22: +N. +lorestanensis +2.330.381.272.5611.360.382.71.271.151.151.021.021.270.51.020.892.462.052.830.63 +1.02 +
+23: +N. sarii +2.331.41.272.9612.281.43.230.761.141.141.791.791.791.531.530.632.732.572.821.41.011.27
+ Antennae II. Length ratio antenna I: II as 1: 0.74. Peduncular article 4 longer than article 5, with six and seven groups of simple setae, respectively; flagellum with eight articles. Length of flagellum: length of peduncle article 4 + 5 as 0.59: 1 ( Figure 4C