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data/E6/9C/09/E69C0903781997194325F1A90810992E.xml
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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.4.e8151" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2828--8151" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2016" ModsDocID="1314-2828--e8151" ModsDocOrigin="Biodiversity Data Journal " ModsDocTitle="Checklist of British and Irish Hymenoptera - Braconidae" checkinTime="1553126227509" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Broad, Gavin R., Shaw, Mark R. & Godfray, H. Charles J." docDate="2016" docId="E69C0903781997194325F1A90810992E" docLanguage="en" docName="BiodivDatJour 4: e8151" docOrigin="Biodiversity Data Journal 4" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.4.e8151" docTitle="Therophilus tegularis Thomson 1895" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="8151" masterDocId="FF80FFE6F029FFE45721D6221629FFE3" masterDocTitle="Checklist of British and Irish Hymenoptera - Braconidae" masterLastPageNumber="8151" masterPageNumber="8151" pageNumber="8151" updateTime="1618528931417" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:title>Checklist of British and Irish Hymenoptera - Braconidae</mods:title>
|
||||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart>Broad, Gavin R.</mods:namePart>
|
||||
</mods:name>
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||||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart>Shaw, Mark R.</mods:namePart>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart>Godfray, H. Charles J.</mods:namePart>
|
||||
</mods:name>
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||||
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||||
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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||||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:title>Biodiversity Data Journal</mods:title>
|
||||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:part>
|
||||
<mods:date>2016</mods:date>
|
||||
<mods:detail type="volume">
|
||||
<mods:number>4</mods:number>
|
||||
</mods:detail>
|
||||
<mods:extent unit="page">
|
||||
<mods:start>8151</mods:start>
|
||||
<mods:end>8151</mods:end>
|
||||
</mods:extent>
|
||||
</mods:part>
|
||||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||||
<mods:location>
|
||||
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.4.e8151</mods:url>
|
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</mods:location>
|
||||
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
|
||||
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.4.e8151</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2828--8151</mods:identifier>
|
||||
</mods:mods>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E69C0903781997194325F1A90810992E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E69C0903781997194325F1A90810992E" lastPageNumber="8151" pageId="0" pageNumber="8151">
|
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="8151" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="8151">
|
||||
<taxonomicName authority="Thomson, 1895" authorityName="Thomson" authorityYear="1895" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Therophilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Therophilus tegularis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="8151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tegularis">Therophilus tegularis (Thomson, 1895)</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="8151" type="reference_group">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="8151">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Agathis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Agathis tegularis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="8151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tegularis">Agathis tegularis</taxonomicName>
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||||
Thomson, 1895
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="8151" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="8151">Distribution</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="8151">England</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="8151" type="notes">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="8151">Notes</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="8151">added by Simbolotti and Achterberg (1992)</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
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data/E6/9C/D1/E69CD164A1E60630E317B0C7C14BDD8B.xml
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data/E6/9C/D1/E69CD164A1E60630E317B0C7C14BDD8B.xml
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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.581.8044" ID-GBIF-Dataset="309a4f7c-b60d-4fdc-a7f5-0878b3dafbcf" ID-PMC="PMC4857043" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-581-127" ID-PubMed="27199583" ID-ZBK="15337CC00F00468297C0DAAE0D5CC2BE" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2016" ModsDocID="1313-2970-581-127" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 581" ModsDocTitle="A new species of Bothriembryon (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Bothriembryontidae) from south-eastern Western Australia" checkinTime="1460715472827" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Whisson, Corey S. & Breure, Abraham S. H." docDate="2016" docId="E69CD164A1E60630E317B0C7C14BDD8B" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 581: 127-140" docOrigin="ZooKeys 581" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.581.8044" docTitle="Bothriembryon (Bothriembryon) sophiarum Whisson & Breure, 2016, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="2EE13185-B302-42DC-9E55-DAFAB0B44899" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="134" masterDocId="FFC2FFEBFF9AC23EFFC55E48FFE4FFDD" masterDocTitle="A new species of Bothriembryon (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Bothriembryontidae) from south-eastern Western Australia" masterLastPageNumber="140" masterPageNumber="127" pageNumber="129" updateTime="1668162964980" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:title>A new species of Bothriembryon (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Bothriembryontidae) from south-eastern Western Australia</mods:title>
|
||||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:name type="personal">
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||||
<mods:role>
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||||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
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||||
<mods:namePart>Whisson, Corey S.</mods:namePart>
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||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:name type="personal">
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||||
<mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
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||||
<mods:namePart>Breure, Abraham S. H.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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||||
</mods:titleInfo>
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||||
<mods:part>
|
||||
<mods:date>2016</mods:date>
|
||||
<mods:detail type="volume">
|
||||
<mods:number>581</mods:number>
|
||||
</mods:detail>
|
||||
<mods:extent unit="page">
|
||||
<mods:start>127</mods:start>
|
||||
<mods:end>140</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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||||
</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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||||
<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.581.8044</mods:url>
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||||
</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
|
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.581.8044</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-581-127</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">15337CC00F00468297C0DAAE0D5CC2BE</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">15337CC00F00468297C0DAAE0D5CC2BE</mods:identifier>
|
||||
</mods:mods>
|
||||
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="127870750" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:2EE13185-B302-42DC-9E55-DAFAB0B44899" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E69CD164A1E60630E317B0C7C14BDD8B" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="134" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="129" type="multiple">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="129">Taxon classification Animalia Stylommatophora Bothriembryontidae</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="129" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="129">
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||||
<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/2EE13185-B302-42DC-9E55-DAFAB0B44899" class="Gastropoda" family="Bothriembryontidae" genus="Bothriembryon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bothriembryon (Bothriembryon) sophiarum" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="2" pageNumber="129" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="sophiarum" subGenus="Bothriembryon">Bothriembryon (Bothriembryon) sophiarum</taxonomicName>
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||||
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="2" pageNumber="129">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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||||
Figs 1and 3, 4, 5, Table 1
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="129" type="type material">
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||||
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="129">Type material.</paragraph>
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||||
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="129">
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||||
<typeStatus pageId="2" pageNumber="129">Holotype</typeStatus>
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||||
. Western Australia, Nullabor Plain, Baxter Cliffs near Burnabbie Ruins,
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-32.125">32°07'30"S</geoCoordinate>
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||||
,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="126.34583">126°20'45"E</geoCoordinate>
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, V. Kessner collector (ex J. Hemmen collection) 6 October 1989, dry, WAM S66478.
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||||
<typeStatus pageId="2" pageNumber="129">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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||||
(from type locality) WAM S66479 (2 dry specimens) and RMNH.334653 (2 dry specimens); Western Australia, Nullabor Plain, Baxter Cliffs near Burnabbie Ruins,
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-32.125">32°07'30"S</geoCoordinate>
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||||
,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="126.34583">126°20'45"E</geoCoordinate>
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, V. Kessner collector, 6 October 1989, WAM S30768 (6 dry specimens), AM C.477954 (3 dry specimens), RMNH.334654 (1 dry specimen).
|
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</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="130" pageId="2" pageNumber="129" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="129">Other material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="130" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">
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Western Australia: Israelite Bay, W.G. Buick Collection No. 13096, Pre June 1992, WAM S7972 (2 dry specimens); Israelite Bay area, start of cliffs at E end, Point Culver area, A. Longbottom, 21 October 1983, WAM S7977 (46 dry specimens); Nuytsland Nature Reserve, Toolina Cove, A. Cummings, 31 August.2010, WAM S64829 (4 preserved specimens); Top of Toolina Cliff, J. Lowry, 07 November 1966, WAM S7978 (8 dry specimens); Nuytsland Nature Reserve,
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<pageBreakToken pageId="3" pageNumber="130" start="start">Baxter</pageBreakToken>
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Cliffs, near Baxter Memorial, A. Cummings, 30 August 2010, WAM S64824 (6 preserved specimens); South of Baxter Memorial, 50 feet from edge of cliff, P. Bridge and B. Robinson, 19 December 1966, WAM S7968 (6 dry, 24 preserved specimens); 38 km S of Caiguna, sea cliff top, K.A. Lance, 07 January 1976, WAM S7966 (25 dry specimens); S of Caiguna, between the Baxter Memorial and coast, P. Bridge and B. Robinson, 19 December 1966, WAM S7971 (8 dry specimens); S of Caiguna; near coast, B. Robinson, April 1966, WAM S8006 (2 dry specimens); 6 km SE of Baxter Memorial, top of Baxter Cliffs, A. Saar and K. Lance, 07 January 1976, WAM S7970 (10 dry, 4 preserved specimens); Twilight Cove, on cliff slope east of the cave, J. Lowry, 05 November 1966, WAM S7973 (33 dry specimens); 13 miles SE of Cocklebiddy, 7 miles N of Eyre, K. Thies, 21 May 1971, WAM S7974 (12 dry specimens); Eyre Homestead, escarpment face, W. Humphreys, March 1985, WAM S7969 (1 dry specimen); 14 miles ESE of Cocklebiddy, on face of Hampton Escarpment, A. Baynes and W. Youngsen, 04 September 1969, WAM S8031 (25 dry, 2 preserved specimens); Eyre, foot of escarpment, E. Sedgwick, August 1977, WAM S8053 (8 dry specimens); Baxter Cliffs 1.3 km E of Burnabbie Ruins,
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-32.11848">32°07'6.54"S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="126.35125">126°21'4.50"E</geoCoordinate>
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, R. Phillips, 6 March 2015, WAM S67680 (1 wet specimen).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="130" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="130">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="130">A slender shell characterised by plicate teleoconch whorls, often with pillared sculpture formed from incised spiral lines which become less frequent on the body whorl, and a strongly crenulate suture.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||||
<subSubSection lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="132" pageId="3" pageNumber="130" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="130">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="131" pageId="3" pageNumber="130">
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Shell morphology. Shell slender, mostly turriform, diameter 4.7-6.7 mm (mean 5.5 mm, sd 0.45), height 12.7-24.4 mm (mean 16.2 mm, sd 2.39) with 6.20-8.50 whorls (mean 7.05, sd 0.63) and a H/D ratio of 2.4-3.8 (mean 2.9, sd 0.26), rimate (Table 1, Suppl. material 1). Protoconch of 1.80-2.45 whorls (mean 2.18, sd 0.14) with very short, separate oblique wrinkles extending from suture before reticulating into a dense pattern of uniform punctated thimbles (honeycomb pattern). Teleoconch consisting of slightly convex, but regularly rounded plicate whorls, sculptured with narrow, crowded (often bifurcate) flattened or slightly raised axial ribs that are smooth and often translucent. The axial ribs become irregularly spaced on the last whorl, fading away towards the lower part of the whorl. Axial ribs usually crossed by only a few (mean 5.0, sd 1.0 on penultimate whorl) faint incised spiral lines creating a pillared sculpture that becomes less obvious on the body whorl. Suture irregularly
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<pageBreakToken pageId="4" pageNumber="131" start="start">but</pageBreakToken>
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strongly crenulate formed from axial ribs terminating as large, rectangular nodules at the suture line, with a single nodule often forming from multiple axial ribs. Colour reddish-brown at the protoconch, the teleoconch cream with irregular blotches of reddish- to greyish-brown. Aperture relatively small, skewed elongate-ovate, lip thin, simple, basal margin slightly angular at the transition to the columellar margin, which is triangular dilated above; parietal callus thin and transparent.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="4" pageNumber="131">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="131">
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Table 1. Shell measurements of the type material of
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Bothriembryontidae" genus="Bothriembryon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bothriembryon (Bothriembryon) sophiarum" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="4" pageNumber="131" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="sophiarum" subGenus="Bothriembryon">Bothriembryon (Bothriembryon) sophiarum</taxonomicName>
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sp. n.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="131">
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<table pageId="4" pageNumber="131">
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||||
<tr pageId="4" pageNumber="131">
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<th colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="131" rowspan="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Bothriembryontidae" genus="Bothriembryon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bothriembryon (Bothriembryon) sophiarum" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="4" pageNumber="131" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="sophiarum" subgenus="Bothriembryon">Bothriembryon (Bothriembryon) sophiarum</taxonomicName>
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Registration number
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</th>
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<th colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="131" rowspan="1">n</th>
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<th colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="131" rowspan="1">
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Shell height mm (
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<abbrev pageId="4" pageNumber="131">sd</abbrev>
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)
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</th>
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<th colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="131" rowspan="1">
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Shell diameter mm (
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<abbrev pageId="4" pageNumber="131">sd</abbrev>
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)
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</th>
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<th colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="131" rowspan="1">
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<abbrev pageId="4" pageNumber="131">H</abbrev>
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/
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<abbrev pageId="4" pageNumber="131">D</abbrev>
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Ratio (
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<abbrev pageId="4" pageNumber="131">sd</abbrev>
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)
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</th>
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<th colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="131" rowspan="1">No. Whorls (range)</th>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="4" pageNumber="131">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="131" rowspan="1">WAM</td>
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</tr>
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||||
<tr pageId="4" pageNumber="131">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="131" rowspan="1">WAM</td>
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||||
</tr>
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||||
<tr pageId="4" pageNumber="131">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="131" rowspan="1">RMNH</td>
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</tr>
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||||
<tr pageId="4" pageNumber="131">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="131" rowspan="1">WAM</td>
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||||
</tr>
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||||
<tr pageId="4" pageNumber="131">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="131" rowspan="1">AM</td>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="4" pageNumber="131">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="131" rowspan="1">RMNH</td>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="4" pageNumber="131">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="131" rowspan="1">Grand Mean</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="131" rowspan="1">15</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="131" rowspan="1">14.7 (1.23)</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="131" rowspan="1">5.2 (0.35)</td>
|
||||
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="131" rowspan="1">2.8 (0.09)</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="131" rowspan="1">6.56 (6.20-7.00)</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="131">Animal external morphology. Body and foot sculptured with regular honeycomb pattern. Upper body and tentacles dark brown to black with an olive to green foot base and sides, the latter relatively wide (Fig. 3A).</paragraph>
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||||
<caption pageId="4" pageNumber="131">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="131">
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Figure 1.
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Bothriembryontidae" genus="Bothriembryon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bothriembryon (Bothriembryon) sophiarum" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="4" pageNumber="131" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="sophiarum" subGenus="Bothriembryon">Bothriembryon (Bothriembryon) sophiarum</taxonomicName>
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sp. n.
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||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–D">A-D</normalizedToken>
|
||||
holotype WAM S66478 (H = 14.4 mm) E Protoconch and early teleoconch sculpture; scale line 0.5 mm.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<caption pageId="4" pageNumber="131">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="131">
|
||||
Figure 2. Distribution map of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Bothriembryontidae" genus="Bothriembryon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bothriembryon (Bothriembryon) sophiarum" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="4" pageNumber="131" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="sophiarum" subGenus="Bothriembryon">Bothriembryon (Bothriembryon) sophiarum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp. n. (dot) including photo of holotype (WAM S66478, H = 14.4 mm) and type localities and photos of nearby coastal species
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Bothriembryontidae" genus="Bothriembryon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bothriembryon (Bothriembryon) perditus" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="4" pageNumber="131" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="perditus" subGenus="Bothriembryon">Bothriembryon (Bothriembryon) perditus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Iredale, 1939 (triangle, AM C100720, H = 23.2 mm) and
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Bothriembryontidae" genus="Bothriembryon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bothriembryon (Bothriembryon) gratwicki" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="4" pageNumber="131" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="gratwicki" subGenus="Bothriembryon">Bothriembryon (Bothriembryon) gratwicki</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Cox, 1899) (star, AM C127559, H = 29.5 mm); Inset: Western Australia highlighting enlarged area
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<caption pageId="4" pageNumber="131">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="131">
|
||||
Figure 3. A
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Bothriembryontidae" genus="Bothriembryon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bothriembryon (Bothriembryon) sophiarum" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="4" pageNumber="131" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="sophiarum" subGenus="Bothriembryon">Bothriembryon (Bothriembryon) sophiarum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp. n., A living animal WAM S67680 B relaxed narcotized specimen showing the genital pore, WAM S7968. Scale lines 1.0 mm (B). Abbreviations: gp, genital pore; t, retracted tentacle.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="132" pageId="4" pageNumber="131">
|
||||
Genital morphology. (Based on micro-CT images, see Figs 4
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–B">A-B</normalizedToken>
|
||||
, 5
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–E">A-E</normalizedToken>
|
||||
) Phallus gradually becoming narrower, with the distal part of the epiphallus and the proximal part of the flagellum subcylindrical. Distal part of penis lumen star-shaped (five-legged), lined with a high epithelium and gradually changing into the epiphallus, of which the narrow lumen is also star-shaped. Near the transition to the flagellum the lumen becomes three-legged star-shaped with five very narrow side-branches; more proximally the lumen is rectangular with five very narrow side-branches. The vagina is externally swollen, internally the lumen is elongated and undivided in its distal part, becoming forked at the tail-ends near the split into the spermathecal duct and spermoviduct. The spermathecal duct is comparatively broad with a club-shaped bursa
|
||||
<pageBreakToken pageId="5" pageNumber="132" start="start">copulatrix</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
. The spermoviduct is slender (as far as traceable). In 3D (Fig. 4A) the genitalia are extruded outside the body of the animal; the female part cannot be traced towards its distal end, the phallus is heavily curled towards its distal end.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption pageId="5" pageNumber="132">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="132">
|
||||
Figure 4.
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Bothriembryontidae" genus="Bothriembryon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bothriembryon (Bothriembryon) sophiarum" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="sophiarum" subGenus="Bothriembryon">Bothriembryon (Bothriembryon) sophiarum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp. n., WAM S7968, genitalia (extruded) A segmented in Mimics to show the different parts Bin situ. Abbreviations: FL, flagellum; fp, female pore; mp, male pore; P, penis (or phallus); SD, spermathecal duct; SOV, spermoviduct; SP, spermatheca (or bursa copulatrix); V, vagina.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<caption pageId="5" pageNumber="132">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="132">
|
||||
Figure 5.
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Bothriembryontidae" genus="Bothriembryon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bothriembryon (Bothriembryon) sophiarum" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="sophiarum" subGenus="Bothriembryon">Bothriembryon (Bothriembryon) sophiarum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp. n., WAM S7968, anatomy shown with micro-CT. A Longitudinal view of total snail
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="B–E">B-E</normalizedToken>
|
||||
Details showing parts of genitalia at different cross-sections. Abbreviations: bb, buccal bulb; ep, epiphallus; fl, flagellum; m, mandibula; p, penis; sd, spermathecal duct; sov, spermoviduct; st, stomach; tp, tip of penis; v, vagina.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="132" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="132">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="132">Western Australia; along the escarpment and cliff tops of the Baxter Cliffs and Hampton Ranges from the Point Culver area eastward to the Burnabbie Ruins, a linear distance of about 180 kilometres (Fig. 2). Museum records (WAM S7972) suggest it might occur further westward to Israelite Bay (townsite) but the veracity of the location data is questionable.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="132" type="habitat">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="132">Habitat.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="132">
|
||||
Very open, low coastal scrub on limestone cliff-edge or slope scattered (often densely) with low limestone rocks and stones. Dominant plant species were
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Westringia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Westringia dampieri" order="Lamiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dampieri">Westringia dampieri</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Correa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" infraspecific-rank="var." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Correa backhouseana var. coriacea" order="Sapindales" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="backhouseana" variety="coriacea">Correa backhouseana var. coriacea</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Aizoaceae" genus="Carpobrotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Carpobrotus virens" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="virens">Carpobrotus virens</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and very occasionally
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Tricholomataceae" genus="Melaleuca" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Melaleuca" order="Agaricales" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="genus">Melaleuca</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Eucalyptus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Eucalyptus" order="Myrtales" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Eucalyptus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
trees. In dry conditions living specimens are commonly found in rock crevices or fissures; under stones or around tree roots, and occasionally in litter. When wet, crawling snails have been observed on soil and stones and on branches of scrub (Fig. 6).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption pageId="5" pageNumber="132">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="132">
|
||||
Figure 6.
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Bothriembryontidae" genus="Bothriembryon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bothriembryon (Bothriembryon) sophiarum" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="sophiarum" subGenus="Bothriembryon">Bothriembryon (Bothriembryon) sophiarum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp. n., habitat for WAM S64824 A Inland view B Detail showing host plants
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Westringia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Westringia dampieri" order="Lamiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dampieri">Westringia dampieri</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Aizoaceae" genus="Carpobrotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Carpobrotus virens" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="virens">Carpobrotus virens</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Correa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" infraspecific-rank="var." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Correa backhouseana var. coriacea" order="Sapindales" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="backhouseana" variety="coriacea">Correa backhouseana var. coriacea</taxonomicName>
|
||||
among limestone (photos courtesy Andrew Cummings and Ben Schneider).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="134" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" type="remarks">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="132">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="134" pageId="5" pageNumber="132">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Bothriembryontidae" genus="Bothriembryon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bothriembryon (Bothriembryon) sophiarum" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="sophiarum" subGenus="Bothriembryon">Bothriembryon (Bothriembryon) sophiarum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
can be distinguished from most other
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Bothriembryontidae" genus="Bothriembryon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bothriembryon" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Bothriembryon</taxonomicName>
|
||||
species by its shell morphology, notably its slender turriform shape and a teleoconch sculpture of coarsely plicate whorls and strongly crenulate sutures. Most
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Bothriembryontidae" genus="Bothriembryon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bothriembryon" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Bothriembryon</taxonomicName>
|
||||
species are ovate to elongate-conical in shape and have a teleoconch sculpture of faint or narrow axial growth lines. The nearby
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Bothriembryontidae" genus="Bothriembryon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bothriembryon (Bothriembryon) perditus" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="5" pageNumber="132" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="perditus" subGenus="Bothriembryon">Bothriembryon (Bothriembryon) perditus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Iredale, 1939 has similar shell morphology but its shell is much broader being elongate-conical in shape and has sutures which are more finely crenulate. The
|
||||
<pageBreakToken pageId="6" pageNumber="133" start="start">other</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
nearby species
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Bothriembryontidae" genus="Bothriembryon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bothriembryon (Bothriembryon) gratwicki" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="6" pageNumber="133" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="gratwicki" subGenus="Bothriembryon">Bothriembryon (Bothriembryon) gratwicki</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Cox, 1899) is similar in shape but its shell is broader and usually more elongated, with a coarse nodulose teleoconch sculpture (Fig. 2). Only one fossil species occurs nearby,
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Bothriembryontidae" genus="Bothriembryon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bothriembryon kremnobates" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="6" pageNumber="133" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="kremnobates">Bothriembryon kremnobates</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Kendrick, 2005 which is found further east on the Roe Plain and is ovate-conical in
|
||||
<pageBreakToken pageId="7" pageNumber="134" start="start">shape</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
. Anatomically
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Bothriembryontidae" genus="Bothriembryon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bothriembryon (Bothriembryon) sophiarum" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="7" pageNumber="134" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="sophiarum" subGenus="Bothriembryon">Bothriembryon (Bothriembryon) sophiarum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
differs only slightly from known
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Bothriembryontidae" genus="Bothriembryon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bothriembryon (Bothriembryon)" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="7" pageNumber="134" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Bothriembryon">Bothriembryon (Bothriembryon)</taxonomicName>
|
||||
species which have a long, narrow spermathecal duct and a short rounded bursa copulatrix. The short and broad spermathecal duct and relatively broad, elongate bursa copulatrix of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Bothriembryontidae" genus="Bothriembryon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bothriembryon (Bothriembryon) sophiarum" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="7" pageNumber="134" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="sophiarum" subGenus="Bothriembryon">Bothriembryon (Bothriembryon) sophiarum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
agrees more with
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Bothriembryontidae" genus="Bothriembryon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bothriembryon (Tasmanembryon) tasmanicus" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="7" pageNumber="134" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="tasmanicus" subGenus="Tasmanembryon">Bothriembryon (Tasmanembryon) tasmanicus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Kershaw, RC" journalOrPublisher="Records of the South Australian Museum" pageId="9" pageNumber="136" pagination="327 - 337" title="Anatomical notes on the land snails Bothriembryon (Pulmonata: Bulimulidae) from South Australia and Western Australia." volume="19" year="1986">Kershaw 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Breure, ASH" journalOrPublisher="Zoologische Verhandelingen Leiden" pageId="8" pageNumber="135" pagination="1 - 255" title="Notes on and descriptions of Bulimulidae (Mollusca, Gastropoda)." volume="168" year="1978">Breure 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). However in this paper we have tentatively placed
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Bothriembryontidae" genus="Bothriembryon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bothriembryon sophiarum" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="7" pageNumber="134" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="sophiarum">Bothriembryon sophiarum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
in the subgenus
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Bothriembryontidae" genus="Bothriembryon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bothriembryon" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="7" pageNumber="134" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Bothriembryon</taxonomicName>
|
||||
on account of its shell morphology and its geographical proximity to other members of the same subgenus. The specimens examined have their genitalia somewhat extruded, hence the male and female genital pores seem to be separated; in other preserved, non-extruded specimens these pores are united inside the atrium (Fig. 4A). It is interesting to note that
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Bothriembryontidae" genus="Bothriembryon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bothriembryon (Bothriembryon) sophiarum" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="7" pageNumber="134" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="sophiarum" subGenus="Bothriembryon">Bothriembryon (Bothriembryon) sophiarum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
specimens from Point Culver (WAM S7977) at the western edge of its range, are slightly taller (mean height 20.3 mm, sd 2.11) with a higher H/D ratio (mean 3.4). This collection is a large series (n = 46) and most likely represents population variation due to local environmental conditions, a common occurrence within
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Bothriembryontidae" genus="Bothriembryon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bothriembryon" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="7" pageNumber="134" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Bothriembryon</taxonomicName>
|
||||
as suggested by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Main, AR" journalOrPublisher="Western Australian Naturalist" pageId="9" pageNumber="136" pagination="49 - 59" title="Native snails of the genus Bothriembryon in King's Park." volume="4" year="1953">Main and Carrigy (1953)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="134" type="etymology">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="134">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="134">Named in honour of Sophie Jade Whisson, first daughter of the senior author and Sophie J. Breure, spouse of the second author; noun in plural genitive case.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
60
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60
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">4329FEDA47F94B8E84D310B47AF2A1B9</mods:identifier>
|
||||
</mods:mods>
|
||||
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="127872923" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E69CE99685FF55E684CBFF6A23E2B20C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E69CE99685FF55E684CBFF6A23E2B20C" lastPageNumber="88" pageNumber="88">
|
||||
<subSubSection type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="88">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myrmica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Myrmica forcipata" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="forcipata">Myrmica forcipata</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Karavajev, 1931 (new record for China)
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="88">Distribution. China: Ningxia.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
60
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Normal file
60
data/E6/9C/FB/E69CFB6ED652611D5B36F897F7DF91DF.xml
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|
|
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|
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<subSubSection id="0E2BE0E58466EB010B86221732B262BE" pageId="0" pageNumber="9042" type="reference_group">
|
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<paragraph id="E09091DB10288908B096AA9C1EFE81CD" pageId="0" pageNumber="9042">
|
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<taxonomicName id="3E8C5918CF21251554CFC21FB0F13232" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Ichneumon" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ichneumon tetratinctorius" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="9042" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tetratinctorius">Ichneumon tetratinctorius</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Thunberg, 1824
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="65F45855D42B8478305844BAF4C72E23" pageId="0" pageNumber="9042">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="518AF74FA9886214E3B3C82DE0EAEA84" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Ichneumonoidea" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ichneumonoidea fasciatus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="9042" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fasciatus">fasciatus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Thomson, 1883
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="D677034F977A6A4E01455929BAFB2272" pageId="0" pageNumber="9042">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="9E54B1E5EAE9DDF2DB23C656D38CBAC5" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Ichneumonoidea" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ichneumonoidea scabriculus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="9042" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scabriculus">scabriculus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Thomson, 1883
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
<paragraph id="852A75785860628BBB83DEAB71640090" pageId="0" pageNumber="9042">England, Ireland</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
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|
||||
399
data/E6/9C/FE/E69CFE8B3FA2540883CC7352B315C882.xml
Normal file
399
data/E6/9C/FE/E69CFE8B3FA2540883CC7352B315C882.xml
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,399 @@
|
|||
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1031.56035" ID-GBIF-Dataset="71d0f8e1-34d4-4be1-83fc-c60fc8b2be2d" ID-PMC="PMC8062386" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1031-183" ID-Pensoft-UUID="091EDCFF65A65B93AECA39AC32A1C79F" ID-PubMed="33958913" ID-ZooBank="1014D0C2C459448CA15E69084DD2039E" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1031-183" checkinTime="1618544342754" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Decaens, Thibaud, Beneluz, Frederic, Ballesteros-Mejia, Liliana, Bonilla, Diego & Rougerie, Rodolphe" docDate="2021" docId="E69CFE8B3FA2540883CC7352B315C882" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1031: 183-204" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1031" docPubDate="2021-04-15" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1031.56035" docTitle="Automeris mineros Decaens, Rougerie & Bonilla 2021, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="CE1EAA15-8197-4B98-A2F4-062C40A83153" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="4" id="091EDCFF65A65B93AECA39AC32A1C79F" lastPageNumber="183" masterDocId="091EDCFF65A65B93AECA39AC32A1C79F" masterDocTitle="Description of three new species of Automeris Huebner, 1819 from Colombia and Brazil (Lepidoptera, Saturniidae, Hemileucinae)" masterLastPageNumber="204" masterPageNumber="183" pageNumber="183" updateTime="1668150145509" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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|
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
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|
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|
||||
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0915-3882</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation>CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Univ Paul Valery Montpellier 3, Montpellier, France</mods:affiliation>
|
||||
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">thibaud.decaens@cefe.cnrs.fr</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||||
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|
||||
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|
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|
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</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart>Beneluz, Frederic</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation>Socie ́ te ́ entomologique Antilles-Guyane (SEAG), 18, Lotissement Amaryllis, F- 97354 Remire-Montjoly, French Guiana</mods:affiliation>
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||||
</mods:name>
|
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||||
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|
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2790-8652</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation>Institut de Systematique, Evolution, Biodiversite (ISYEB), Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Universite, EPHE, Univ des Antilles, Paris, France & CESAB, Centre de Synthese et d'Analyse sur la Biodiversite, Montpellier, France & Grupo de Investigacion Diseno, Imagen y Comunicacion. Facultad de Creacion y Comunicacion. Universidad El Bosque, Bogota, Colombia</mods:affiliation>
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||||
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|
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|
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|
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|
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<mods:namePart>Bonilla, Diego</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation>Tapuragua Reserva Natural de la sociedad civil, Yopal, Casanare, Colombia</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
|
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<mods:affiliation>Institut de Systematique, Evolution, Biodiversite (ISYEB), Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Universite, EPHE, Univ des Antilles, Paris, France</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
|
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|
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-1031-183</mods:identifier>
|
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">1014D0C2C459448CA15E69084DD2039E</mods:identifier>
|
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">091EDCFF65A65B93AECA39AC32A1C79F</mods:identifier>
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|
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="181019301" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:CE1EAA15-8197-4B98-A2F4-062C40A83153" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E69CFE8B3FA2540883CC7352B315C882" lastPageNumber="183" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/CE1EAA15-8197-4B98-A2F4-062C40A83153" authority="Decaëns, Rougerie & Bonilla" authorityName="Decaens, Rougerie & Bonilla" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Saturniidae" genus="Automeris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Automeris mineros" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mineros" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
Automeris mineros
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Decaëns">Decaens</normalizedToken>
|
||||
, Rougerie & Bonilla
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="183">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Specimens of the new species of Automeris spp. A dorsal view of A. mineros sp. nov., holotype ♂ B dorsal view of A. mineros sp. nov., paratype (allotype) ♀ C dorsal view of A. belemensis sp. nov., holotype ♂ D dorsal view of A. llaneros sp. nov., holotype ♂ E ventral view of A. mineros sp. nov., holotype ♂ F Ventral view of A. mineros sp. nov., paratype (allotype) ♀ G ventral view of A. belemensis sp. nov., holotype ♂ H ventral view of A. llaneros sp. nov., holotype ♂. Scale bars: 1 cm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1031.56035.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/532101" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Figures 1A, B, E, F</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Genitalia ♂ of the new species of Automeris spp. A A. mineros sp. nov., paratype ♂ (BC-Dec 0549) B A. belemensis sp. nov., paratype ♂ (BC-INCT 1136) C A. llaneros sp. nov., paratype ♂ (BC-Dec 0712). For each species, the dorsal and ventral views of the genitalia, and the dorsal and lateral views of the aedeagus are represented from the left to the right. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1031.56035.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/532102" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">, 2A</figureCitation>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="183" type="type material">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Type material.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="183">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Holotype</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
Colombia • ♂ (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Specimens of the new species of Automeris spp. A dorsal view of A. mineros sp. nov., holotype ♂ B dorsal view of A. mineros sp. nov., paratype (allotype) ♀ C dorsal view of A. belemensis sp. nov., holotype ♂ D dorsal view of A. llaneros sp. nov., holotype ♂ E ventral view of A. mineros sp. nov., holotype ♂ F Ventral view of A. mineros sp. nov., paratype (allotype) ♀ G ventral view of A. belemensis sp. nov., holotype ♂ H ventral view of A. llaneros sp. nov., holotype ♂. Scale bars: 1 cm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1031.56035.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/532101" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">1A, E</figureCitation>
|
||||
);
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Boyacá">Boyaca</normalizedToken>
|
||||
department, near Quipama, Vereda Caviche;
|
||||
<geoCoordinate degrees="5.575" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="5.575">5.575°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate degrees="74.2595" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-74.2595">74.2595°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
; elevation: 1500 m; 1-3 Dec. 2002; at MV light; DB and G. Lecourt leg.; BOLD SampleID: BC-Dec0551; Deposited in IAvH.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1031.56035.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/532101" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" start="Figure 1" startId="F1">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="183">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Figure 1.</emphasis>
|
||||
Specimens of the new species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1819" class="Insecta" family="Saturniidae" genus="Automeris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Automeris" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Automeris</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
spp.
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">A</emphasis>
|
||||
dorsal view of
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. mineros" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rank="species" species="mineros">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">A. mineros</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp. nov., holotype ♂
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">B</emphasis>
|
||||
dorsal view of
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. mineros" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rank="species" species="mineros">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">A. mineros</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp. nov., paratype (allotype) ♀
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">C</emphasis>
|
||||
dorsal view of
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. belemensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rank="species" species="belemensis">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">A. belemensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp. nov., holotype ♂
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">D</emphasis>
|
||||
dorsal view of
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. llaneros" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rank="species" species="llaneros">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">A. llaneros</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp. nov., holotype ♂
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">E</emphasis>
|
||||
ventral view of
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. mineros" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rank="species" species="mineros">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">A. mineros</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp. nov., holotype ♂
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">F</emphasis>
|
||||
Ventral view of
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. mineros" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rank="species" species="mineros">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">A. mineros</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp. nov., paratype (allotype) ♀
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">G</emphasis>
|
||||
ventral view of
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. belemensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rank="species" species="belemensis">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">A. belemensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp. nov., holotype ♂
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">H</emphasis>
|
||||
ventral view of
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. llaneros" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rank="species" species="llaneros">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">A. llaneros</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp. nov., holotype ♂. Scale bars: 1 cm.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="183">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Paratypes</emphasis>
|
||||
(19 ♂♂ and 6 ♀♀). Colombia • 15 ♂♂ and 5 ♀♀, all same data as holotype; all specimens collected at MV light except one pair
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">ab ovo</emphasis>
|
||||
, reared on
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Rosaceae" genus="Pyracantha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pyracantha regersiana" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="regersiana">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Pyracantha regersiana</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
in Rouen (France) by TD, and 3 ♂♂ and 2 ♀♀ ab ovo, reared on
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Quercus" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Quercus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp. in
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bogotá">Bogota</normalizedToken>
|
||||
(Colombia) by L.D. Ramirez and DB. Deposited as follow: 2 ♂♂ and 2 ♀ (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Specimens of the new species of Automeris spp. A dorsal view of A. mineros sp. nov., holotype ♂ B dorsal view of A. mineros sp. nov., paratype (allotype) ♀ C dorsal view of A. belemensis sp. nov., holotype ♂ D dorsal view of A. llaneros sp. nov., holotype ♂ E ventral view of A. mineros sp. nov., holotype ♂ F Ventral view of A. mineros sp. nov., paratype (allotype) ♀ G ventral view of A. belemensis sp. nov., holotype ♂ H ventral view of A. llaneros sp. nov., holotype ♂. Scale bars: 1 cm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1031.56035.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/532101" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">1B, F</figureCitation>
|
||||
; allotype; BOLD SampleID: BC-Dec0547) in IAvH, 5 ♂♂ in MNHN (BOLD SampleID: BC-Dec0548, BC-Dec0549, BC-Dec0550), 6 ♂♂ and 1 ♀ in CTD, 1 ♂ in CFB, 4 ♂♂ and 2 ♀♀ in CCGM, 1 ♂ and 1 ♀ in CDB.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="183" type="diagnosis">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="183">
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Decaens, Rougerie & Bonilla" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Saturniidae" genus="Automeris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Automeris mineros" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mineros">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Automeris mineros</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp. nov. is similar to the reddish forms of
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. midea" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rank="species" species="midea">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">A. midea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, a species with a large and essentially Amazonian distribution (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Distribution maps of Automeris species within the subgroup of A. bilinea, based on georeferenced records collected from BOLD, and known geographic distribution of the three new species of Automeris spp." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1031.56035.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/532103" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">3</figureCitation>
|
||||
). However, the vivid coloration, which is occasional in the later, is consistent among all the specimens of
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. mineros" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rank="species" species="mineros">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">A. mineros</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp. nov. that have been examined. It is also possible to separate the two species by additional fine characters of the habitus. In
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. mineros" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rank="species" species="mineros">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">A. mineros</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp. nov., the antemedian area of the forewings appears lighter than the median area due to the presence of a dense dusting of yellow scales, while this zone is generally concolourous with or darker than the rest of the wing in
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. midea" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rank="species" species="midea">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">A. midea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 4. Neighbour joining tree (K 2 P distances) built from DNA barcodes (COI) of specimens from the three new species of Automeris and their closest relatives. The labels of the terminal branches successively give the following information: sample ID code in the Barcode of Life Data system, country, and exact collecting site when available, Barcode Identification Number (BIN) automatically assigned to each sequence in BOLD. All specimens of A. lemensis and one of A. bilinea have no BIN number due to the short length of their COI sequences." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1031.56035.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/532104" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">4</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The apex of the forewing tends to be less acute in
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. mineros" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rank="species" species="mineros">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">A. mineros</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp. nov. The width of the yellow periocellar ring of the hindwing is also wider in
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. mineros" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rank="species" species="mineros">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">A. mineros</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
than in most of the examined specimens of
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. midea" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rank="species" species="midea">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">A. midea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. Finally, the veins on the ventral side of the forewings are clearly highlighted in orange in
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. mineros" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rank="species" species="mineros">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">A. mineros</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp. nov., and are more sharply contrasting with the surrounding ground colour than in
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. midea" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rank="species" species="midea">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">A. midea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. Distinction based on male genitalia is less conclusive, although we can however note the truncated instead of triangular shape of the saccus, as well as the median plate of the gnathos which is less massive in
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. mineros" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rank="species" species="mineros">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">A. mineros</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp. nov. and clearly marked by a median projection. Interestingly, DNA barcodes clearly separate
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. mineros" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rank="species" species="mineros">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">A. mineros</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp. nov. from all closely related species in a distinct cluster of sequences (BINBOLD:ABY4503; see fig. 4). The nearest neighbour is
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. belizonensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rank="species" species="belizonensis">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">A. belizonensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(1.8% minimum p-distance), from which it can be distinguished by the more rounded shape of the forewings and the more vivid coloration of the hindwings.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="183" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Description.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="183">
|
||||
♂ (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Specimens of the new species of Automeris spp. A dorsal view of A. mineros sp. nov., holotype ♂ B dorsal view of A. mineros sp. nov., paratype (allotype) ♀ C dorsal view of A. belemensis sp. nov., holotype ♂ D dorsal view of A. llaneros sp. nov., holotype ♂ E ventral view of A. mineros sp. nov., holotype ♂ F Ventral view of A. mineros sp. nov., paratype (allotype) ♀ G ventral view of A. belemensis sp. nov., holotype ♂ H ventral view of A. llaneros sp. nov., holotype ♂. Scale bars: 1 cm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1031.56035.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/532101" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">1A, E</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Wingspan</emphasis>
|
||||
: 77-84 mm.
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Head</emphasis>
|
||||
: dark brown, labial palpi and antennae orange brown.
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Thorax</emphasis>
|
||||
: dorsally dark brown with red orange piliform scales on the ventral side; legs dark brown.
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||||
: dark orange brown with dark brown piliform scales on the dorsal side; eighth abdominal segment lacking any remarkable sclerotised structure.
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Forewings</emphasis>
|
||||
: length 40-42 mm, slightly elongated, rounded apex, straight outer margin; dorsal ground colour orange brown, suffused with yellow scales in the ante- and postmedian areas and, to a lesser extent, by pink scales in the median area; antemedial line faint, almost indistinct, only visible as yellow scales bordering its distal edge; postmedial line barely preapical (1-3 mm), slightly convex from apex to vein CuA2, then bent toward the anal margin, yellow in colour, lined distally by a line of black scales; discocellular mark rectangular, darker than the surrounding wing surface, with a dark brown spot in its centre, and three to four small spots of the same colour at its corners. Ventral side with a large dull orange area extending on the main basomedian area, with veins marked in distinctive orange scales; apical area dark brown, extending along outer margin and toward tornus. Postmedial line well marked, dark reddish brown; marginal band diffuse, suffused with yellow scales and disappearing toward apex. Discocellular mark large and black, with a white discal spot in its centre and surrounded by a thin diffuse ring of yellow scales.
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Hindwings</emphasis>
|
||||
: basomedian area vivid orange-red with a 7-12 mm
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
6-8 mm eyespot in its centre formed by, from its centre: a small well marked white pupil surrounded by a dark brown iris, a first large black periocellar ring, a second large yellow ring of the same width, and finally a barely visible line of black scales enclosing the eyespot. Postmedial line black and lunular, distally bordered by a thin line of yellow scales, and proximally by another thin line of yellow and black scales; postmedian area formed by a thin vivid orange-red band and bordered by a large orange-brown marginal band covered with yellow scales. Ventral side light brown, suffused with yellow scales, particularly on the marginal band; venation distally marked with orange scales. Postmedial line dark brown, becoming faint toward the anal margin; discal cell with a small white spot.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="183">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Wingspan</emphasis>
|
||||
♀ (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Specimens of the new species of Automeris spp. A dorsal view of A. mineros sp. nov., holotype ♂ B dorsal view of A. mineros sp. nov., paratype (allotype) ♀ C dorsal view of A. belemensis sp. nov., holotype ♂ D dorsal view of A. llaneros sp. nov., holotype ♂ E ventral view of A. mineros sp. nov., holotype ♂ F Ventral view of A. mineros sp. nov., paratype (allotype) ♀ G ventral view of A. belemensis sp. nov., holotype ♂ H ventral view of A. llaneros sp. nov., holotype ♂. Scale bars: 1 cm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1031.56035.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/532101" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">1B, F</figureCitation>
|
||||
): 94 mm.
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Head, thorax, and abdomen</emphasis>
|
||||
of the same colour as in the male.
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Forewings</emphasis>
|
||||
: length 47 mm, elongated, rounded apex, almost straight border; dorsal ground colour dark purplish brown, suffused with light grey scales in the median area, except for a large oblique band lacking these scales approximately half way between the dark rectangular discal mark and the apex; postmedian area suffused with yellow scales. Both ante- and postmedial lines yellow, the latter straight and slightly preapical (3 mm). Ventral side light orange brown, the venation marked by orange scales, marginal band suffused with orange scales; postmedial line dark brown; large black discocellular mark, with a large white discal spot in its centre.
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Hindwings</emphasis>
|
||||
: Basomedian area brownish red; eyespot with the same structure as in the male, slightly duller in colour; black and lunular postmedial line, bordered by a line of yellow scales on both edges; postmedian area brownish red; marginal band covered with yellow scales. Ventral side light brown, suffused with yellow to pink scales; venation distally marked by orange scales; discal point small and white.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="183">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Genitalia</emphasis>
|
||||
♂ (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Genitalia ♂ of the new species of Automeris spp. A A. mineros sp. nov., paratype ♂ (BC-Dec 0549) B A. belemensis sp. nov., paratype ♂ (BC-INCT 1136) C A. llaneros sp. nov., paratype ♂ (BC-Dec 0712). For each species, the dorsal and ventral views of the genitalia, and the dorsal and lateral views of the aedeagus are represented from the left to the right. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1031.56035.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/532102" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">2A</figureCitation>
|
||||
): typical of the
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. bilinea" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rank="species" species="bilinea">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">A. bilinea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
subgroup as described in
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Lemaire, C" journalOrPublisher="Goecke & Evers, Keltern" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" refId="B19" refString="Lemaire, C, 2002. The Saturniidae of America (= Attacidae). Vol 4 - Hemileucinae. Goecke & Evers, Keltern" title="The Saturniidae of America (= Attacidae). Vol 4 - Hemileucinae." year="2002">Lemaire (2002)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
. Uncus well developed, slightly extending beyond the distal end of the valves, with a broad bifid dorsal protuberance. Dorsal lobes of valves weakly developed and sharp. Median plate of gnathos strongly sclerotised with its posterior margin concave and with a small median projection. Saccus short and anteriorly truncated. Phallus straight, with a small lateral spine on its base; its posterior, tapering end slightly bent upward, with the weakly developed vesica expanding ventrally.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1031.56035.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/532102" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" start="Figure 2" startId="F2">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="183">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Figure 2.</emphasis>
|
||||
Genitalia ♂ of the new species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1819" class="Insecta" family="Saturniidae" genus="Automeris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Automeris" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Automeris</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
spp.
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">A</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. mineros" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rank="species" species="mineros">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">A. mineros</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp. nov., paratype ♂ (BC-Dec0549)
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">B</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. belemensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rank="species" species="belemensis">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">A. belemensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp. nov., paratype ♂ (BC-INCT1136)
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">C</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. llaneros" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rank="species" species="llaneros">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">A. llaneros</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp. nov., paratype ♂ (BC-Dec0712). For each species, the dorsal and ventral views of the genitalia, and the dorsal and lateral views of the aedeagus are represented from the left to the right. Scale bars: 1 mm.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="183">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Genitalia</emphasis>
|
||||
♀: not examined.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="183" type="immature stages">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Immature stages.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="183">
|
||||
Eggs were obtained from a wild collected female. Larvae hatched 22 days after and readily fed on
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Rosaceae" genus="Pyracantha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pyracantha regersiana" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="regersiana">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Pyracantha regersiana</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Rosaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="family">Rosaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
) in France (rearing #17 by TD) and on
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Quercus" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Quercus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp. (
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Fagaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="family">Fagaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
) in Colombia (rearing by L. D. Ramirez and DB). Native foodplants remain unknown. Rearing was successful in plastic boxes, feeding larvae with fresh branches changed every 2-4 days. Larvae completed six instars within two months on
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. regersiana" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rank="species" species="regersiana">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">P. regersiana</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and pupated in a brown cocoon.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="183">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Eggs</emphasis>
|
||||
are white with a black micropyle, laterally flattened, 2 mm diameter
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
0.8 mm height, laid in dense cluster of several dozens.
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">First larval instar</emphasis>
|
||||
: head black. Body 4 mm upon hatching, 6 mm maximal length; pale yellow with black scoli and spines.
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Second instar</emphasis>
|
||||
: Head black. Body 7-8 mm maximal length; brownish yellow dorsally, dull yellow ventrally; scoli and spines dark brown.
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Third instar</emphasis>
|
||||
: Head black. Body: 14 mm maximal length; brownish yellow dorsally, green yellow ventrally; scoli and spines dark brown.
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Fourth instar</emphasis>
|
||||
: Head black. Body 19-20 mm maximal length; dark brown dorsally with fine light green stripes, light green ventrally; scoli and spines dark brown to black.
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Fifth instar</emphasis>
|
||||
: Head green. Body: 35-40 mm maximal length; light green colour with pink dorsal ornamentation, a lateral ivory strip ventrally and dorsally bordered with a thin black line; scoli and spines light green.
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Sixth instar</emphasis>
|
||||
: Same colour and ornamentation as previous instar; 35-40 mm maximal length.
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Pupa and cocoon</emphasis>
|
||||
: Last instar larvae spin a thin and supple cocoon of beige silk. Pupa 24-37 mm long, dark brown. Reared adults emerged from the cocoon early in the morning one to two months after pupation.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="183" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="183">
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Decaens, Rougerie & Bonilla" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Saturniidae" genus="Automeris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Automeris mineros" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mineros">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Automeris mineros</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp. nov. is known form the type locality only, in the Oriental Cordillera of Colombia near Muzo (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Distribution maps of Automeris species within the subgroup of A. bilinea, based on georeferenced records collected from BOLD, and known geographic distribution of the three new species of Automeris spp." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1031.56035.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/532103" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">3</figureCitation>
|
||||
), a region from which a number of new taxa of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Saturniidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Saturniidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
were described recently (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1944.1.2" author="Decaens, T" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" pagination="34 - 52" refId="B4" refString="Decaens, T, Rougerie, R, 2008. Description of two new species of Hemileucinae (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) from the region of Muzo in Colombia - evidence from morphology and DNA barcodes. Zootaxa 1944: 34 - 52, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1944.1.2" title="Description of two new species of Hemileucinae (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) from the region of Muzo in Colombia - evidence from morphology and DNA barcodes." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1944.1.2" volume="1944" year="2008">
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Decaëns">Decaens</normalizedToken>
|
||||
and Rougerie 2008
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1031.56035.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/532103" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="183">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Figure 3.</emphasis>
|
||||
Distribution maps of
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1819" class="Insecta" family="Saturniidae" genus="Automeris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Automeris" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Automeris</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
species within the subgroup of
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. bilinea" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rank="species" species="bilinea">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">A. bilinea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, based on georeferenced records collected from BOLD, and known geographic distribution of the three new species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1819" class="Insecta" family="Saturniidae" genus="Automeris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Automeris" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Automeris</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
spp.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="183" type="etymology">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="183">This species is named in reference to emerald mining, which represents an emblematic economic activity in the region surrounding the type locality.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
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