From 547871d3c364a893f256d1b50d26aa0629f330f0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: ggserver <ggserver@srv1.plazi.org> Date: Wed, 23 Oct 2024 15:54:15 +0000 Subject: [PATCH] Add updates up until 2024-10-23 15:48:11 --- .../87/125D8791FFBEFFEEF6B1FB3AFC3CFA60.xml | 1094 +++++++++++++++++ .../07/7B0507CD145355E5BE2483370FC43629.xml | 357 ++++++ 2 files changed, 1451 insertions(+) create mode 100644 data/12/5D/87/125D8791FFBEFFEEF6B1FB3AFC3CFA60.xml create mode 100644 data/7B/05/07/7B0507CD145355E5BE2483370FC43629.xml diff --git a/data/12/5D/87/125D8791FFBEFFEEF6B1FB3AFC3CFA60.xml b/data/12/5D/87/125D8791FFBEFFEEF6B1FB3AFC3CFA60.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..b3806c40f6b --- /dev/null +++ b/data/12/5D/87/125D8791FFBEFFEEF6B1FB3AFC3CFA60.xml @@ -0,0 +1,1094 @@ +<document id="5CD4F9E282D950C4014FFCD4281D7F5D" ID-DOI="10.1206/3854.1" ID-ISSN="0003-0082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5368539" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.metadata_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="valdenar" checkinTime="1630260802066" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Ziegler, Alan C., Howarth, Francis G. & Simmons, Nancy B." docDate="2016" docId="125D8791FFBEFFEEF6B1FB3AFC3CFA60" docLanguage="en" docName="N3854.pdf" docOrigin="American Museum Novitates 2016 (3854)" docSource="http://www.bioone.org/doi/10.1206/3854.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:26C3580A17D4BBE58BD8D8AC6AE09AC4.6:AmMusNovit.2010-.journal_article" docStyleId="26C3580A17D4BBE58BD8D8AC6AE09AC4" docStyleName="AmMusNovit.2010-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="6" docTitle="Synemporion keana Ziegler & Howarth & Simmons 2016, gen. and sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="17" masterDocId="EE64FFE9FFB8FFFEF70FFFBDFF8EFF9A" masterDocTitle="A second endemic land mammal for the Hawaiian Islands: a new genus and species of fossil bat (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae)" masterLastPageNumber="52" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="7" updateTime="1729698485751" updateUser="valdenar" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0"> +<mods:mods id="115A2478FD6845265434BDBA0F492FC7" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3"> +<mods:titleInfo id="734E89DC092C1903E176858842E5FAC1"> +<mods:title id="5249C1725B68CE7ECDCD3FDCFCEE4195">A second endemic land mammal for the Hawaiian Islands: a new genus and species of fossil bat (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae)</mods:title> +</mods:titleInfo> +<mods:name id="914913524FE55D255C9B8C09FF25FA94" type="personal"> +<mods:role id="9DDA347E2E6D4060B2D13165A531B6E7"> +<mods:roleTerm id="74766F4FC8BE55D2AB2AE75BFA894980">Author</mods:roleTerm> +</mods:role> +<mods:namePart id="4E1156B107FAF0246C3797ECA0CA88C6">Ziegler, Alan C.</mods:namePart> +<mods:affiliation id="E5F6951225BA5EE7380199B58C5284CE">Francis G. Howarth, & Department of Natural Sciences, Bishop Museum, Honolulu, Hawai‘i. & Francis G. Howarth, & Deceased.</mods:affiliation> +</mods:name> +<mods:name id="4261E230DA50D07D5C643CB8BE373422" type="personal"> +<mods:role id="0D7AAD19BEED5F44424F6B662BF20984"> +<mods:roleTerm id="D7A9920C7F9D4F6A59880FA6F6611D28">Author</mods:roleTerm> +</mods:role> +<mods:namePart id="0F5946153E5EFF2205B561F1EAF2943D">Howarth, Francis G.</mods:namePart> +<mods:affiliation id="15A73C88B5C7CF2CC0B446A90B11B9E2">Francis G. Howarth, & Department of Natural Sciences, Bishop Museum, Honolulu, Hawai‘i.</mods:affiliation> +</mods:name> +<mods:name id="9A99ECC13EF655E25D9064437F36CCC6" type="personal"> +<mods:role id="56D448C2DBC78339B69EAAF9EC33DD16"> +<mods:roleTerm id="4BECA79CCB86F86C187F9D0E9A8B3682">Author</mods:roleTerm> +</mods:role> +<mods:namePart id="EFC420BFFD99BA3D6B24C4DE40FCBA6B">Simmons, Nancy B.</mods:namePart> +<mods:affiliation id="0AA2178CEAE1910971146C488C903E91">Department of Mammalogy, Division of Vertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York.</mods:affiliation> +</mods:name> +<mods:typeOfResource id="9AE980DFFBC0DE157477D724B1D17CD0">text</mods:typeOfResource> +<mods:relatedItem id="C48F3E5CA60C69C860C4F8D46BF260BA" type="host"> +<mods:titleInfo id="ADD8C5B1DB5EB2D39702DB2FD014882A"> +<mods:title id="2DE22C27357D925FC202B34443F89C18">American Museum Novitates</mods:title> +</mods:titleInfo> +<mods:part id="5CFC99298BDE9DCA8F01EEB8B8B8BF45"> +<mods:date id="69F3149F42708A9876925AC80369B090">2016</mods:date> +<mods:detail id="92B8A040AF35FD93B0CDE427CEB06708" type="pubDate"> +<mods:number id="C2098D4069559A3F070F554029BFDE06">2016-03-21</mods:number> +</mods:detail> +<mods:detail id="1F0B09F631B8DC2374DEE69A2A2F7FEC" type="volume"> +<mods:number id="CF05F5636A4A3F9070A86B6B6FB61E54">2016</mods:number> +</mods:detail> +<mods:detail id="449620B5BE7F83D8447F628799BAAEBD" type="issue"> +<mods:number id="BB184931B4AF5D2F16093A44E8271310">3854</mods:number> +</mods:detail> +<mods:extent id="E8263F1A5D67C0981C35A40652180D93" unit="page"> +<mods:start id="8055E0823ACB10A40882EA7B563E2007">1</mods:start> +<mods:end id="E7A8C922C79BD5E6D8DCDBC5AA097E1F">52</mods:end> +</mods:extent> +</mods:part> +</mods:relatedItem> +<mods:location id="494BDA9ABA835A541E5CFF18B5FF6B89"> +<mods:url id="5D980ABE3FBD730544777B917ED6562F">http://www.bioone.org/doi/10.1206/3854.1</mods:url> +</mods:location> +<mods:classification id="588337CEE83000028B624C3B3421BD71">journal article</mods:classification> +<mods:identifier id="D5DA1CC4FA9C2E1937B61B931EBB7F79" type="DOI">10.1206/3854.1</mods:identifier> +<mods:identifier id="1C00E209287652DCF0A06706123D75F2" type="ISSN">0003-0082</mods:identifier> +<mods:identifier id="B913314A657F4F54652A5928D61C63B1" type="Zenodo-Dep">5368539</mods:identifier> +</mods:mods> +<treatment id="125D8791FFBEFFEEF6B1FB3AFC3CFA60" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:125D8791FFBEFFEEF6B1FB3AFC3CFA60" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/125D8791FFBEFFEEF6B1FB3AFC3CFA60" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="6" pageNumber="7"> +<subSubSection id="D2EE650CFFBEFFF8F6B1FB3AFC0DFB3B" box="[446,899,1158,1185]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="nomenclature"> +<paragraph id="9A4B3687FFBEFFF8F6B1FB3AFC0DFB3B" blockId="6.[120,1224,1121,1782]" box="[446,899,1158,1185]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7"> +<emphasis id="A880EA95FFBEFFF8F6B1FB3AFD3BFB3B" bold="true" box="[446,693,1158,1185]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7"> +<taxonomicName id="5DF44D04FFBEFFF8F6B1FB3AFD21FB3B" authority="Ziegler & Howarth & Simmons, 2016" authorityName="Ziegler & Howarth & Simmons" authorityYear="2016" box="[446,687,1158,1185]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Synemporion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="keana" status="gen. and sp. nov.">Synemporion keana</taxonomicName> +, +</emphasis> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="B3B357EEFFBEFFF8F5B2FB3AFC0DFB3B" box="[701,899,1159,1185]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species">gen. and sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="D2EE650CFFBEFFF8F541FB11FCA9FB76" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="description"> +<paragraph id="9A4B3687FFBEFFF8F541FB11FD7CFB5D" blockId="6.[120,1224,1121,1782]" box="[590,754,1196,1223]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Lava-tube Bat</paragraph> +<paragraph id="9A4B3687FFBEFFF8F517FB6CFCA9FB76" blockId="6.[120,1224,1121,1782]" box="[536,807,1233,1260]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7"> +<figureCitation id="02CF2A02FFBEFFF8F517FB6CFD2AFB76" box="[536,676,1233,1260]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 2" captionStart-1="FIGURE 3" captionStart-2="FIGURE 4" captionStart-3="FIGURE 5" captionStart-4="FIGURE 6" captionStart-5="FIGURE 7" captionStart-6="FIGURE 8" captionStartId-0="8.[120,206,1589,1610]" captionStartId-1="9.[120,206,1653,1674]" captionStartId-2="11.[120,206,1594,1615]" captionStartId-3="12.[120,206,1496,1517]" captionStartId-4="13.[120,206,648,669]" captionStartId-5="16.[120,206,838,859]" captionStartId-6="17.[121,204,581,602]" captionTargetBox-0="[339,994,255,1533]" captionTargetBox-1="[149,1187,236,1620]" captionTargetBox-2="[278,1070,238,1563]" captionTargetBox-3="[246,1095,234,1466]" captionTargetBox-4="[348,981,224,598]" captionTargetBox-5="[123,1224,227,808]" captionTargetBox-6="[410,934,224,550]" captionTargetId-0="figure-10@8.[336,1008,224,1560]" captionTargetId-1="figure-7@9.[146,1199,224,1626]" captionTargetId-2="figure-95@11.[273,1070,224,1568]" captionTargetId-3="figure-39@12.[240,1104,224,1469]" captionTargetId-4="figure-445@13.[336,1008,224,620]" captionTargetId-5="figure-276@16.[120,1224,224,809]" captionTargetId-6="figure-425@17.[409,934,224,553]" captionTargetPageId-0="8" captionTargetPageId-1="9" captionTargetPageId-2="11" captionTargetPageId-3="12" captionTargetPageId-4="13" captionTargetPageId-5="16" captionTargetPageId-6="17" captionText-0="FIGURE 2. Lateral views of the skull and left dentary of A, the holotype of Synemporion keana (BPBM 159269) compared with B, Lasiurus cinereus semotus (BPBM 184506). Note the difference in the rostral profile between the two species, including the more robust lower jaw dentition in Lasiurus compared with Synemporion." captionText-1="FIGURE 3. A, Dorsal view and B, ventral views of the skull of the holotype of Synemporion keana (BPBM 159269) compared with C, dorsal and D, ventral views of the skull of Lasiurus cinereus semotus (BPBM 184506). Note that the rostrum of Synemporion is narrower than that of Lasiurus, and that Synemporion also lacks a sagittal crest." captionText-2="FIGURE 4. Lateral and occlusal views of the upper dentition of A, the holotype of Synemporion keana (BPBM 159269) compared with that of B, Lasiurus cinereus semotus (BPBM 184506). Note that a small anterior upper premolar (P2), visible in occlusal view in Lasiurus, is absent in the holotype of Synemporion keana. This tooth is variably present in Synemporion, occurring somewhat more than 50% of the time and sometimes present on one side but absent on the other side in the same individual (see text for discussion)." captionText-3="FIGURE 5. Lateral and occlusal views of the lower dentition of A, the holotype of Synemporion keana (BPBM 159269) compared with that of B, Lasiurus cinereus semotus (BPBM 184506)." captionText-4="FIGURE 6. Anterior view of the lower incisors and canine of A, the holotype of Synemporion keana (BPBM 159269) compared with those of B, Lasiurus cinereus semotus (BPBM 184506). The third lower incisor (i3) is absent in the holotype of Synemporion but paratypes preserve this tooth, which is always trilobed." captionText-5="FIGURE 7. A, Lateral, B, anterior, C, medial, and D, posterior views of the humeri of the holotype of Synemporion keana (on the left in each pair; BPBM 159269) and Lasiurus cinereus semotus (on the right; BPBM 184506)." captionText-6="FIGURE 8. Proximal view of the humerus of A, the holotype of Synemporion keana (BPBM 159269) compared with that of B, Lasiurus cinereus semotus (BPBM 184506). Anterior is toward the top of the page in each figure." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5368543" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5368545" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5368547" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5368549" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5368551" figureDoi-5="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5368553" figureDoi-6="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5368555" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/5368543/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/5368545/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/5368547/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/5368549/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/5368551/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/5368553/files/figure.png" httpUri-6="https://zenodo.org/record/5368555/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figures 2–8</figureCitation> +, tables 1–3 +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="D2EE650CFFBEFFF9F7A7FB4AFD46FA16" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="materials_examined"> +<paragraph id="9A4B3687FFBEFFF8F7A7FB4AFBF0FA3C" blockId="6.[120,1224,1121,1782]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7"> +<materialsCitation id="2A9C3CDAFFBEFFF8F7A7FB4AFBF0FA3C" collectingDate="1982-09-16" collectionCode="BPBM" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" specimenCode="BPBM 159269" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-adult="1" typeStatus="holotype"> +<typeStatus id="454F8825FFBEFFF8F7A7FB4AFEABFA8B" box="[168,293,1271,1297]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus> +: +<specimenCode id="CA529EFCFFBEFFF8F63CFB4AFE54FA88" box="[307,474,1271,1298]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">BPBM 159269</specimenCode> +, a nearly complete skeleton of an +<specimenCount id="8CF2FD0EFFBEFFF8F454FB4AFC18FA8B" box="[859,918,1271,1297]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="adult">adult</specimenCount> +individual including skull, both dentaries, and partial body skeleton with both scapulae, humeri, ulnae, radii, and femora; right tibia and partial innominate with 2 fused sacral vertebrae; 8 metacarpals; 2 manual phalanges; 1 pedal phalanx; atlas; 2 thoracic vertebrae; and 1 rib. This individual was collected on +<date id="EE4A1047FFBEFFF8F3A3FADAFEBFFA3C" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="1982-09-16"> +<collectingDate id="FE0EE9AFFFBEFFF8F3A3FADAFEBFFA3C" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="1982-09-16">16 September 1982</collectingDate> +</date> +by Francis G. Howarth and Fred D. Stone, Field No. 22 of F.G. Howarth. +</materialsCitation> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="9A4B3687FFBEFFF8F7A7FA0FFC01F98C" blockId="6.[120,1224,1121,1782]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7"> +<materialsCitation id="2A9C3CDAFFBEFFF8F7A7FA0FFC01F98C" location="Hawaiian Islands" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype"> +<typeStatus id="454F8825FFBEFFF8F7A7FA0FFEA5FA56" box="[168,299,1458,1484]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="paratype">PARATYPES</typeStatus> +: Specimens representing at least 110 individuals from 5 +<location id="9F2B605CFFBEFFF8F4DAFA0CFB2DFA51" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:125D8791FFBEFFEEF6B1FB3AFC3CFA60:9F2B605CFFBEFFF8F4DAFA0CFB2DFA51" box="[981,1187,1457,1483]" name="Hawaiian Islands" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Hawaiian Islands</location> +, as listed in appendix 2, including 33 partial to nearly complete skulls, 9 dentaries, 34 associated partial post cranial skeletons, and 60 individual post cranial bones. +</materialsCitation> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="9A4B3687FFBEFFF8F7A7F99FFDD4F9F8" blockId="6.[120,1224,1121,1782]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7"> +<materialsCitation id="2A9C3CDAFFBEFFF8F7A7F99FFDDBF9F8" county="Mahiehie Cave" elevation="500" latitude="20.63" location="Hawaiian Islands" longLatPrecision="760" longitude="-156.39" municipality="Ulupalakua Ranch" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="type"> +<typeStatus id="454F8825FFBEFFF8F7A7F99FFF6DF9A6" box="[168,227,1570,1596]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">TYPE</typeStatus> +LOCALITY: +<location id="9F2B605CFFBEFFF8F67CF99CFDCEF9A1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:125D8791FFBEFFEEF6B1FB3AFC3CFA60:9F2B605CFFBEFFF8F67CF99CFDCEF9A1" box="[371,576,1569,1595]" county="Mahiehie Cave" latitude="20.63" longLatPrecision="760" longitude="-156.39" municipality="Ulupalakua Ranch" name="Hawaiian Islands" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Hawaiian Islands</location> +, +<location id="9F2B605CFFBEFFF8F542F99CFD50F9A1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:125D8791FFBEFFEEF6B1FB3AFC3CFA60:9F2B605CFFBEFFF8F542F99CFD50F9A1" box="[589,734,1569,1595]" county="Mahiehie Cave" latitude="20.63" longLatPrecision="760" longitude="-156.39" municipality="Ulupalakua Ranch" name="Maui Island" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Maui Island</location> +, ‘ +<location id="9F2B605CFFBEFFF8F5E0F99CFC5EF9A1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:125D8791FFBEFFEEF6B1FB3AFC3CFA60:9F2B605CFFBEFFF8F5E0F99CFC5EF9A1" box="[751,976,1569,1595]" county="Mahiehie Cave" latitude="20.63" longLatPrecision="760" longitude="-156.39" municipality="Ulupalakua Ranch" name="Ulupalakua Ranch" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Ulupalakua Ranch</location> +, +<location id="9F2B605CFFBEFFF8F4D2F99CFB1EF9A6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:125D8791FFBEFFEEF6B1FB3AFC3CFA60:9F2B605CFFBEFFF8F4D2F99CFB1EF9A6" box="[989,1168,1569,1596]" county="Mahiehie Cave" latitude="20.63" longLatPrecision="760" longitude="-156.39" municipality="Ulupalakua Ranch" name="Mahiehie Cave" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Māhiehie Cave</location> +, +<quantity id="5D0C9B62FFBEFFF8F391F99CFF1CF9FB" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="m" value="500.0"> +<elevation id="11D9D1B4FFBEFFF8F391F99CFF1CF9FB" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="m" value="500.0">500 m</elevation> +</quantity> +, +<geoCoordinate id="FFC05040FFBEFFF8F790F9FAFE8EF9FB" box="[159,256,1607,1633]" degrees="20.63" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" precision="555" value="20.63">20.63°N</geoCoordinate> +; +<geoCoordinate id="FFC05040FFBEFFF8F603F9FAFE0EF9F8" box="[268,384,1607,1634]" degrees="156.39" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" precision="555" value="-156.39">156.39°W</geoCoordinate> +(WGS 84 datum) +</materialsCitation> +. +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="9A4B3687FFBEFFF9F7A7F9D1FD46FA16" blockId="6.[120,1224,1121,1782]" lastBlockId="7.[120,1224,1132,1756]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7"> +GEOGRAPHIC AND GEOLOGIC RANGE: Hawaiian Islands, at least the five largest islands, from ca. Middle Pleistocene to Late Holocene (but apparently not into post-1778 historic period), with details as follows. Kaua‘i: infill of sinkhole of Late Pleistocene lithified calcareous dune deposits, and in Early Holocene eolian surface calcareous sand-dune deposits; O‘ahu: in Middle Pleistocene pond deposits of volcanic tuff-cone crater, as well as in later-Pleistoceneto-Holocene composite soil deposits (primarily sedimentary) within limestone sinkholes in emergent Late Pleistocene coral-algal reefs; Moloka‘i: in presumably Polynesian or early postcontact alluvial sediment on floor of a dynamically active piping cave; Maui: on exposed floor, embedded in mineralized crusts on walls and in alluvial sediments of Late Pleistocene or Holocene lava tubes; +<collectingRegion id="5830F865FFBFFFF9F639FA9AFE1CFADB" box="[310,402,1319,1345]" country="United States of America" name="Hawaii" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Hawai‘i</collectingRegion> +: on exposed floor or in alluvial deposits of Late Pleistocene and Holocene lava tubes; approximate locations of these sites are shown in figure 1, and detailed information on all sites is provided in appendix 4. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<caption id="CE8B660FFFBFFFF9F777FC10FDF4FBCC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5368541" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5368541" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5368541/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" startId="7.[120,206,941,962]" targetBox="[195,1149,227,907]" targetPageId="7"> +<paragraph id="9A4B3687FFBFFFF9F777FC10FDF4FBCC" blockId="7.[120,1225,939,1113]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8"> +FIGURE 1. Map of the main Hawaiian Islands showing relative locations of the principle collecting sites of fossil +<taxonomicName id="5DF44D04FFBFFFF9F7BAFC74FEF5FC7A" authorityName="Ziegler & Howarth & Simmons" authorityYear="2016" box="[181,379,968,992]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Synemporion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="keana"> +<emphasis id="A880EA95FFBFFFF9F7BAFC74FEF5FC7A" box="[181,379,968,992]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Synemporion keana</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +. See appendix 2 for list of specimens from each site and appendix 4 for detailed descriptions of each site. ( +<emphasis id="A880EA95FFBFFFF9F68FFC58FE03FC67" bold="true" box="[384,397,997,1021]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">1</emphasis> +) Makawehi Point dunes; ( +<emphasis id="A880EA95FFBFFFF9F597FC58FD20FC67" bold="true" box="[664,686,997,1021]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">2)</emphasis> +Māhā‘ulepū Limestone Sinkhole; ( +<emphasis id="A880EA95FFBFFFF9F300FC58FBABFC67" bold="true" box="[1039,1061,997,1021]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">3)</emphasis> +limestone sinkholes near Barbers Point; ( +<emphasis id="A880EA95FFBFFFF9F684FBBEFE2EFB81" bold="true" box="[395,416,1027,1051]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">4)</emphasis> +Ulupa‘u Head lake deposit; ( +<emphasis id="A880EA95FFBFFFF9F5C2FBBEFD6DFB81" bold="true" box="[717,739,1027,1051]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">5)</emphasis> +<taxonomicName id="5DF44D04FFBFFFF9F5E4FBBEFC45FB81" authority="Lolo Piping Cave" authorityName="Lolo Piping Cave" box="[747,971,1027,1051]" class="Insecta" family="Rhyparochromidae" genus="Lua" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Lua Lolo Piping Cave</taxonomicName> +; ( +<emphasis id="A880EA95FFBFFFF9F4D0FBBEFC7BFB81" bold="true" box="[991,1013,1027,1051]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">6)</emphasis> +Pu‘u Naio Cave; ( +<emphasis id="A880EA95FFBFFFF9F3BDFBBEFB46FB81" bold="true" box="[1202,1224,1027,1051]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">7)</emphasis> +Māhiehie Cave; ( +<emphasis id="A880EA95FFBFFFF9F626FB9DFEB0FBA2" bold="true" box="[297,318,1056,1080]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">8)</emphasis> +Pu‘u Mākua Cave; ( +<emphasis id="A880EA95FFBFFFF9F51BFB9DFDA4FBA2" bold="true" box="[532,554,1056,1080]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">9)</emphasis> +Ka‘eleku Caverns; ( +<emphasis id="A880EA95FFBFFFF9F5F7FB9DFC94FBA2" bold="true" box="[760,794,1056,1080]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">10)</emphasis> +Crystal Cave; ( +<emphasis id="A880EA95FFBFFFF9F4B2FB9DFC6EFBA2" bold="true" box="[957,992,1056,1080]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">11)</emphasis> +Kahāwaihapapa Cave; ( +<emphasis id="A880EA95FFBFFFF9F78EFB80FF2DFBCF" bold="true" box="[129,163,1085,1109]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">12)</emphasis> +‘Ūmi‘i Manu Cave; ( +<emphasis id="A880EA95FFBFFFF9F676FB80FE12FBCF" bold="true" box="[377,412,1085,1109]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">13)</emphasis> +Kahuku Ranch Cave. +</paragraph> +</caption> +<subSubSection id="D2EE650CFFBFFFF9F7A7FA2AFCCDF9F6" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="etymology"> +<paragraph id="9A4B3687FFBFFFF9F7A7FA2AFCCDF9F6" blockId="7.[120,1224,1132,1756]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8"> +ETYMOLOGY: The genus name +<taxonomicName id="5DF44D04FFBFFFF9F51AFA2AFD23FA2B" box="[533,685,1431,1457]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Synemporion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="A880EA95FFBFFFF9F51AFA2AFD23FA2B" box="[533,685,1431,1457]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Synemporion</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +root from Greek common noun +<emphasis id="A880EA95FFBFFFF9F334FA25FB46FA2B" box="[1083,1224,1432,1457]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">synemporos,</emphasis> +“fellow traveler or companion,” with addition of the suffix +<emphasis id="A880EA95FFBFFFF9F42BFA00FCDDFA4C" box="[804,851,1469,1494]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">-ion</emphasis> +to form a neuter diminutive, in allusion to the new bat’s former co-occupation of the tectonically mobile Hawaiian Islands with the larger +<emphasis id="A880EA95FFBFFFF9F7FDF9B5FDA9F9BB" box="[242,551,1544,1569]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8"> +<taxonomicName id="5DF44D04FFBFFFF9F7FDF9B5FDAAF9BB" baseAuthorityName="Allen" baseAuthorityYear="1890" box="[242,548,1544,1569]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Lasiurus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="cinereus" subSpecies="semotus">Lasiurus cinereus semotus</taxonomicName> +. +</emphasis> +The specific name is a noun in apposition, formed from Hawaiian: the demonstrative +<emphasis id="A880EA95FFBFFFF9F6DAF991FE7BF9DC" box="[469,501,1580,1606]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">ke,</emphasis> +plus +<emphasis id="A880EA95FFBFFFF9F538F990FDE7F9DC" box="[567,617,1581,1606]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">ana,</emphasis> +“cave” or “lava tube,” referring to the subterranean provenience of the +<typeStatus id="454F8825FFBFFFF9F654F9ECFE4CF9F1" box="[347,450,1617,1643]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus> +and a majority of the +<typeStatus id="454F8825FFBFFFF9F5C4F9EFFCB1F9F6" box="[715,831,1618,1644]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus> +. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="D2EE650CFFBFFFF4F7A7F9CAFD8BF9D6" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="diagnosis"> +<paragraph id="9A4B3687FFBFFFF4F7A7F9CAFD8BF9D6" blockId="7.[120,1224,1132,1756]" lastBlockId="10.[120,1225,950,1761]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="7" pageNumber="8"> +DIAGNOSIS: A small vespertilionid with a dental formula of I1/3, C1/1, P1–2/2, M3/3 = 30–32. Distinguished from other vespertilionid genera with broadly similar dental formulae ( +<emphasis id="A880EA95FFBFFFF4F78DF97FFDF5FC4A" italics="true" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="7" pageNumber="8"> +<taxonomicName id="5DF44D04FFBFFFF9F78DF97FFF7DF946" box="[130,243,1730,1756]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotoecus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Scotoecus</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="5DF44D04FFBFFFF9F60DF97FFEF8F946" authorityName="Dobson" authorityYear="1875" box="[258,374,1730,1756]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotozous" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Scotozous</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="5DF44D04FFBFFFF9F68BF97CFD91F941" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1867" box="[388,543,1729,1755]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Chalinolobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Chalinolobus</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="5DF44D04FFBFFFF9F521F97FFD1BF941" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1831" box="[558,661,1730,1755]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Lasiurus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Lasiurus</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="5DF44D04FFBFFFF9F5ACF97FFC16F941" authority=", Rhogeesa" authorityName="Rhogeesa" box="[675,920,1729,1755]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Nycticeius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Nycticeius, Rhogeesa</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="5DF44D04FFBFFFF9F4A9F97FFBBEF946" authorityName="Dobson" authorityYear="1875" box="[934,1072,1730,1756]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotomanes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Scotomanes</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="5DF44D04FFBFFFF9F331F97CFB4DF941" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1821" box="[1086,1219,1729,1755]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Scotophilus</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="5DF44D04FFB2FFF4F777FC0AFE8EFC4B" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1859" box="[120,256,951,977]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Otonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Otonycteris</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="5DF44D04FFB2FFF4F600FC0AFEFCFC4A" authorityName="Van Gelder" authorityYear="1959" box="[271,370,951,976]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Bauerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Bauerus</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="5DF44D04FFB2FFF4F68EFC0BFE6AFC4A" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1914" box="[385,484,950,976]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Pharotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Pharotis</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="5DF44D04FFB2FFF4F6FCFC0BFDF5FC4A" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1821" box="[499,635,950,976]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Nyctophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Nyctophilus</taxonomicName> +</emphasis> +) by the following traits: upper I2 always absent (sometimes or always present in +<taxonomicName id="5DF44D04FFB2FFF4F6FEFC61FDEEFC6C" authorityName="Dobson" authorityYear="1875" box="[497,608,988,1014]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotozous" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="A880EA95FFB2FFF4F6FEFC61FDEEFC6C" box="[497,608,988,1014]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Scotozous</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and +<taxonomicName id="5DF44D04FFB2FFF4F597FC66FCA3FC6F" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1867" box="[664,813,987,1013]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Chalinolobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="A880EA95FFB2FFF4F597FC66FCA3FC6F" box="[664,813,987,1013]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Chalinolobus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +); upper P2 variably present (always absent in +<emphasis id="A880EA95FFB2FFF4F7E4FBBFFBE1FB81" box="[235,1135,1025,1051]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11"> +<taxonomicName id="5DF44D04FFB2FFF4F7E4FBBFFE54FB81" authority=", Rhogeesa" authorityName="Rhogeesa" box="[235,474,1025,1051]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Nycticeius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Nycticeius, Rhogeesa</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="5DF44D04FFB2FFF4F6E9FBBCFDE1FB81" authorityName="Dobson" authorityYear="1875" box="[486,623,1025,1051]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotomanes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Scotomanes</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="5DF44D04FFB2FFF4F574FBBCFC8FFB81" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1859" box="[635,769,1025,1051]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Otonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Otonycteris</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="5DF44D04FFB2FFF4F402FBBFFCE0FB81" authorityName="Van Gelder" authorityYear="1959" box="[781,878,1026,1051]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Bauerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Bauerus</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="5DF44D04FFB2FFF4F475FBBCFC52FB81" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1914" box="[890,988,1025,1051]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Pharotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Pharotis</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="5DF44D04FFB2FFF4F4E7FBBCFBE1FB81" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1821" box="[1000,1135,1025,1051]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Nyctophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Nyctophilus</taxonomicName> +</emphasis> +); lower incisors trifid and subequal in size (all bifid in +<taxonomicName id="5DF44D04FFB2FFF4F5A4FB9AFCA0FBDB" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1859" box="[683,814,1063,1089]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Otonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="A880EA95FFB2FFF4F5A4FB9AFCA0FBDB" box="[683,814,1063,1089]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Otonycteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and +<taxonomicName id="5DF44D04FFB2FFF4F462FB9BFC60FBDA" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1821" box="[877,1006,1062,1088]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="A880EA95FFB2FFF4F462FB9BFC60FBDA" box="[877,1006,1062,1088]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Scotophilus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +; i1 and i2 bifid in most +<emphasis id="A880EA95FFB2FFF4F7B4FBF6FEABFBFF" box="[187,293,1099,1125]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Rhogeesa</emphasis> +, all species of which have i3 reduced to a peg or spicule); M3 crown approximately 1/3 the area of M1 and M2, lacking any trace of a metacone or premetacrista (M3 crown area ½ or more than that of M1 and M2, and premetacrista present, in +<emphasis id="A880EA95FFB2FFF4F4B7FB2AFE12FB4C" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11"> +<taxonomicName id="5DF44D04FFB2FFF4F4B7FB2AFBA1FB2A" box="[952,1071,1175,1200]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Nycticeius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Nycticeius</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="5DF44D04FFB2FFF4F335FB2BFB4DFB2A" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1821" box="[1082,1219,1174,1200]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Nyctophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Nyctophilus</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="5DF44D04FFB2FFF4F777FB01FF66FB4C" box="[120,232,1212,1238]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotoecus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Scotoecus</taxonomicName> +, and +<taxonomicName id="5DF44D04FFB2FFF4F623FB01FE12FB4C" authorityName="Dobson" authorityYear="1875" box="[300,412,1212,1238]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotozous" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Scotozous</taxonomicName> +</emphasis> +); m3 with well-developed entocoinid and talonid only slightly narrower than trigoinid (entoconid poorly developed or absent and talonid markedly narrower than trigonid in +<taxonomicName id="5DF44D04FFB2FFF4F635FABAFE4EFABB" authorityName="Dobson" authorityYear="1875" box="[314,448,1287,1313]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotomanes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="A880EA95FFB2FFF4F635FABAFE4EFABB" box="[314,448,1287,1313]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Scotomanes</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +); skull with low rostrum and moderately well-developed forehead that rises abruptly to join with braincase, so that the rostrum profile appears concave in lateral view (rostrum profile flat or convex and forehead break absent in +<emphasis id="A880EA95FFB2FFF4F484FAEFFE4BFA0B" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11"> +<taxonomicName id="5DF44D04FFB2FFF4F484FAEFFC7FFAF1" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1831" box="[907,1009,1362,1387]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Lasiurus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Lasiurus</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="5DF44D04FFB2FFF4F4F1FAEFFBFBFAF1" box="[1022,1141,1362,1387]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Nycticeius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Nycticeius</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="5DF44D04FFB2FFF4F38EFAECFF4AFA0A" authorityName="Dobson" authorityYear="1875" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotomanes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Scotomanes</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="5DF44D04FFB2FFF4F7DDFACAFECCFA0B" box="[210,322,1399,1425]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotoecus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Scotoecus</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="5DF44D04FFB2FFF4F640FACAFE4CFA0B" authorityName="Dobson" authorityYear="1875" box="[335,450,1399,1425]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotozous" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Scotozous</taxonomicName> +, +</emphasis> +and +<taxonomicName id="5DF44D04FFB2FFF4F50BFACAFD09FA0B" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1859" box="[516,647,1399,1425]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Otonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="A880EA95FFB2FFF4F50BFACAFD09FA0B" box="[516,647,1399,1425]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Otonycteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +); rostrum relatively narrow (broad in +<taxonomicName id="5DF44D04FFB2FFF4F35BFACAFB4FFA0B" box="[1108,1217,1399,1425]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotoecus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="A880EA95FFB2FFF4F35BFACAFB4FFA0B" box="[1108,1217,1399,1425]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Scotoecus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="5DF44D04FFB2FFF4F777FA21FF70FA2C" authorityName="Dobson" authorityYear="1875" box="[120,254,1436,1462]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotomanes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="A880EA95FFB2FFF4F777FA21FF70FA2C" box="[120,254,1436,1462]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Scotomanes</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, and +<taxonomicName id="5DF44D04FFB2FFF4F631FA21FE2FFA2F" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1831" box="[318,417,1436,1461]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Lasiurus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="A880EA95FFB2FFF4F631FA21FE2FFA2F" box="[318,417,1436,1461]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Lasiurus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +); sagittal crest absent (present in +<emphasis id="A880EA95FFB2FFF4F427FA21FB1FFA41" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11"> +<taxonomicName id="5DF44D04FFB2FFF4F427FA21FC00FA2F" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1831" box="[808,910,1436,1461]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Lasiurus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Lasiurus</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="5DF44D04FFB2FFF4F497FA21FB81FA2F" box="[920,1039,1436,1461]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Nycticeius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Nycticeius</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="5DF44D04FFB2FFF4F315FA21FB02FA2C" authorityName="Dobson" authorityYear="1875" box="[1050,1164,1436,1462]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotozous" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Scotozous</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="5DF44D04FFB2FFF4F397FA21FEB1FA41" authority=", Rhogeesa" authorityName="Rhogeesa" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotoecus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Scotoecus, Rhogeesa</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="5DF44D04FFB2FFF4F642FA7CFE5CFA41" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1821" box="[333,466,1473,1499]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Scotophilus</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="5DF44D04FFB2FFF4F6EEFA7CFDE5FA41" authorityName="Dobson" authorityYear="1875" box="[481,619,1473,1499]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotomanes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Scotomanes</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="5DF44D04FFB2FFF4F575FA7CFC9BFA41" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1867" box="[634,789,1473,1499]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Chalinolobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Chalinolobus</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="5DF44D04FFB2FFF4F42CFA7CFC24FA41" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1859" box="[803,938,1473,1499]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Otonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Otonycteris</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="5DF44D04FFB2FFF4F4B6FA7FFB95FA41" authorityName="Van Gelder" authorityYear="1959" box="[953,1051,1474,1499]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Bauerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Bauerus</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="5DF44D04FFB2FFF4F325FA7CFB03FA41" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1914" box="[1066,1165,1473,1499]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Pharotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Pharotis</taxonomicName> +, +</emphasis> +and +<taxonomicName id="5DF44D04FFB2FFF4F777FA5BFF71F99A" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1821" box="[120,255,1510,1536]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Nyctophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="A880EA95FFB2FFF4F777FA5BFF71F99A" box="[120,255,1510,1536]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Nyctophilus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +); metacarpal formula III> IV> V (metacarpal formula III = IV = V in +<emphasis id="A880EA95FFB2FFF4F341FA5BFDA8F9BC" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11"> +<taxonomicName id="5DF44D04FFB2FFF4F341FA5BFF2CF9BC" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1867" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Chalinolobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Chalinolobus</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="5DF44D04FFB2FFF4F7A1F9B1FEAAF9BC" authorityName="H. Allen" authorityYear="1866" box="[174,292,1548,1574]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Rhogeessa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Rhogeessa</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="5DF44D04FFB2FFF4F63FF9B1FE29F9BF" box="[304,423,1548,1573]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Nycticeius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Nycticeius</taxonomicName> +, +<taxonomicName id="5DF44D04FFB2FFF4F6BDF9B1FDACF9BC" box="[434,546,1548,1574]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotoecus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Scotoecus</taxonomicName> +, +</emphasis> +and +<emphasis id="A880EA95FFB2FFF4F56EF9B1FD60F9BC" box="[609,750,1548,1574]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11"> +<taxonomicName id="5DF44D04FFB2FFF4F56EF9B1FD69F9BC" authorityName="Dobson" authorityYear="1875" box="[609,743,1548,1574]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotomanes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Scotomanes</taxonomicName> +; +</emphasis> +III> IV = V in +<taxonomicName id="5DF44D04FFB2FFF4F4A4F9B1FBBCF9BC" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1821" box="[939,1074,1548,1574]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Nyctophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="A880EA95FFB2FFF4F4A4F9B1FBBCF9BC" box="[939,1074,1548,1574]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Nyctophilus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and +<taxonomicName id="5DF44D04FFB2FFF4F363F9B1FF27F9D1" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1859" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Otonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="A880EA95FFB2FFF4F363F9B1FF27F9D1" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Otonycteris</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +; III = IV> V in +<taxonomicName id="5DF44D04FFB2FFF4F67CF98CFE7AF9D1" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1821" box="[371,500,1585,1611]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="A880EA95FFB2FFF4F67CF98CFE7AF9D1" box="[371,500,1585,1611]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Scotophilus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +). +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<caption id="CE8B660FFFB0FFF6F777F988FB11F91F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5368543" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5368543" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5368543/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" startId="8.[120,206,1589,1610]" targetBox="[339,994,255,1533]" targetPageId="8"> +<paragraph id="9A4B3687FFB0FFF6F777F988FB11F91F" blockId="8.[120,1224,1587,1670]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9"> +FIGURE 2. Lateral views of the skull and left dentary of +<emphasis id="A880EA95FFB0FFF6F5AAF98EFD33F9D1" bold="true" box="[677,701,1587,1611]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">A,</emphasis> +the holotype of +<taxonomicName id="5DF44D04FFB0FFF6F450F98EFBACF9D1" authorityName="Ziegler & Howarth & Simmons" authorityYear="2016" box="[863,1058,1587,1611]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Synemporion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="keana"> +<emphasis id="A880EA95FFB0FFF6F450F98EFBACF9D1" box="[863,1058,1587,1611]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Synemporion keana</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +(BPBM 159269) compared with +<emphasis id="A880EA95FFB0FFF6F61AF9EDFEA5F9F2" bold="true" box="[277,299,1616,1640]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">B,</emphasis> +<taxonomicName id="5DF44D04FFB0FFF6F63EF9ECFDBEF9F2" baseAuthorityName="Allen" baseAuthorityYear="1890" box="[305,560,1617,1640]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Lasiurus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="cinereus" subSpecies="semotus"> +<emphasis id="A880EA95FFB0FFF6F63EF9ECFDBEF9F2" box="[305,560,1617,1640]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Lasiurus cinereus semotus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +(BPBM 184506). Note the difference in the rostral profile between the two species, including the more robust lower jaw dentition in +<taxonomicName id="5DF44D04FFB0FFF6F416F9D3FCE1F91F" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1831" box="[793,879,1646,1669]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Lasiurus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="A880EA95FFB0FFF6F416F9D3FCE1F91F" box="[793,879,1646,1669]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Lasiurus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +compared with +<taxonomicName id="5DF44D04FFB0FFF6F319F9D3FB17F91F" box="[1046,1177,1646,1669]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Synemporion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="A880EA95FFB0FFF6F319F9D3FB17F91F" box="[1046,1177,1646,1669]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Synemporion</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +. +</paragraph> +</caption> +<caption id="CE8B660FFFB1FFF7F777F9C8FEC6F978" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5368545" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5368545" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5368545/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" startId="9.[120,206,1653,1674]" targetBox="[149,1187,236,1620]" targetPageId="9"> +<paragraph id="9A4B3687FFB1FFF7F777F9C8FEC6F978" blockId="9.[120,1224,1651,1763]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10"> +FIGURE 3. +<emphasis id="A880EA95FFB1FFF7F7FEF9CEFE87F911" bold="true" box="[241,265,1651,1675]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">A,</emphasis> +Dorsal view and +<emphasis id="A880EA95FFB1FFF7F6CDF9CEFE56F911" bold="true" box="[450,472,1651,1675]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">B,</emphasis> +ventral views of the skull of the holotype of +<taxonomicName id="5DF44D04FFB1FFF7F4A1F9CEFBFAF911" authorityName="Ziegler & Howarth & Simmons" authorityYear="2016" box="[942,1140,1651,1675]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Synemporion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="keana"> +<emphasis id="A880EA95FFB1FFF7F4A1F9CEFBFAF911" box="[942,1140,1651,1675]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Synemporion keana</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +(BPBM 159269) compared with +<emphasis id="A880EA95FFB1FFF7F68DF92DFE17F932" bold="true" box="[386,409,1680,1704]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">C,</emphasis> +dorsal and +<emphasis id="A880EA95FFB1FFF7F516F92DFDBDF932" bold="true" box="[537,563,1680,1704]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">D,</emphasis> +ventral views of the skull of +<taxonomicName id="5DF44D04FFB1FFF7F466F92CFBFAF932" baseAuthorityName="Allen" baseAuthorityYear="1890" box="[873,1140,1681,1704]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Lasiurus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="cinereus" subSpecies="semotus"> +<emphasis id="A880EA95FFB1FFF7F466F92CFBFAF932" box="[873,1140,1681,1704]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Lasiurus cinereus semotus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +(BPBM 184506). Note that the rostrum of +<taxonomicName id="5DF44D04FFB1FFF7F6D8F913FDD4F95F" box="[471,602,1710,1733]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Synemporion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="A880EA95FFB1FFF7F6D8F913FDD4F95F" box="[471,602,1710,1733]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Synemporion</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +is narrower than that of +<taxonomicName id="5DF44D04FFB1FFF7F456F913FC21F95F" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1831" box="[857,943,1710,1733]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Lasiurus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="A880EA95FFB1FFF7F456F913FC21F95F" box="[857,943,1710,1733]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Lasiurus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, and that +<taxonomicName id="5DF44D04FFB1FFF7F319F913FB17F95F" box="[1046,1177,1710,1733]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Synemporion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="A880EA95FFB1FFF7F319F913FB17F95F" box="[1046,1177,1710,1733]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Synemporion</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +also lacks a sagittal crest. +</paragraph> +</caption> +<caption id="CE8B660FFFB2FFF4F778FF5DFB4CFED2" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" startId="10.[119,193,224,248]" targetBox="[131,1172,355,907]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="10"> +<paragraph id="9A4B3687FFB2FFF4F778FF5DFB4CFED2" blockId="10.[119,1224,224,328]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11"> +TABLE 1. Comparative craniodental measurements of Hawaiian bats. All measurements are in mm and were taken as described in the Methods and Materials section. Hypodigm measurements presented as “mean(range)N.” Specimens measured are listed in appendix 3; subadult individuals were excluded from the summaries presented here. The +<taxonomicName id="5DF44D04FFB2FFF4F6B2FE8CFD0CFED2" authorityName="Ziegler & Howarth & Simmons" authorityYear="2016" box="[445,642,304,328]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Synemporion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="keana"> +<emphasis id="A880EA95FFB2FFF4F6B2FE8CFD0CFED2" box="[445,642,304,328]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Synemporion keana</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +hypodigm measurements include those of the holotype. +</paragraph> +</caption> +<paragraph id="9A4B3687FFB2FFF4F669FED9FB0DFC10" pageId="10" pageNumber="11"> +<table id="E8F4C427FFB20001F78CFEDEFB1AFC11" box="[131,1172,355,907]" colsContinueIn="14.[130,1168,355,869]" gridcols="5" gridrows="15" pageId="10" pageNumber="11"> +<tr id="24C434C5FFB20001F78CFEDEFB1AFEE3" box="[131,1172,355,377]" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rowspan-0="1"> +<th id="67155DB9FFB20001F609FEDEFDD1FEE3" box="[262,607,355,377]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11"> +<taxonomicName id="5DF44D04FFB2FFF4F669FED9FD99FEE2" authorityName="Ziegler & Howarth & Simmons" authorityYear="2016" box="[358,535,355,377]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Synemporion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="keana"> +<emphasis id="A880EA95FFB2FFF4F669FED9FD99FEE2" box="[358,535,355,377]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Synemporion keana</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +</th> +<th id="67155DB9FFB20001F5C5FEDEFB1AFEE3" box="[714,1172,355,377]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11"> +<taxonomicName id="5DF44D04FFB2FFF4F434FED9FBADFEE3" baseAuthorityName="Allen" baseAuthorityYear="1890" box="[827,1059,356,377]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Lasiurus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="cinereus" subSpecies="semotus"> +<emphasis id="A880EA95FFB2FFF4F434FED9FBADFEE3" box="[827,1059,356,377]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Lasiurus cinereus semotus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +</th> +</tr> +<tr id="24C434C5FFB20001F78CFE34FB1AFE05" box="[131,1172,393,415]" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rowspan-0="1"> +<td id="67155DB9FFB20001F609FE34FED4FE05" box="[262,346,393,415]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Holotype</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB20001F6BFFE34FDD1FE05" box="[432,607,393,415]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Hypodigm</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB20001F5C5FE34FCF4FE05" box="[714,890,393,415]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fossil</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB20001F4EAFE34FB1AFE05" box="[997,1172,393,415]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Historic</td> +</tr> +<tr id="24C434C5FFB20001F78CFE12FB1AFE5F" box="[131,1172,431,453]" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="11"> +<th id="67155DB9FFB20001F78CFE12FF33FE5F" box="[131,189,431,453]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">CRL</th> +<td id="67155DB9FFB20001F609FE12FED4FE5F" box="[262,346,431,453]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">13.6</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB20001F6BFFE12FDD1FE5F" box="[432,607,431,453]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">13.7 (12.9–14.1) 17</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB20001F5C5FE12FCF4FE5F" box="[714,890,431,453]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">15.1 (15.1) 1</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB20001F4EAFE12FB1AFE5F" box="[997,1172,431,453]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">15.3 (14.6–15.9) 14</td> +</tr> +<tr id="24C434C5FFB20001F78CFE69FB1AFE71" box="[131,1172,468,491]" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="11"> +<th id="67155DB9FFB20001F78CFE69FF33FE71" box="[131,189,468,491]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">ZYB</th> +<td id="67155DB9FFB20001F609FE69FED4FE71" box="[262,346,468,491]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">9.4</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB20001F6BFFE69FDD1FE71" box="[432,607,468,491]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">9.1 (8.7–9.5) 15</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB20001F5C5FE69FCF4FE71" box="[714,890,468,491]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">–</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB20001F4EAFE69FB1AFE71" box="[997,1172,468,491]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">11.5 (11.0–12.4) 16</td> +</tr> +<tr id="24C434C5FFB20001F78CFE47FB1AFD8A" box="[131,1172,506,528]" gridrow="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="11"> +<th id="67155DB9FFB20001F78CFE47FF33FD8A" box="[131,189,506,528]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">IOB</th> +<td id="67155DB9FFB20001F609FE47FED4FD8A" box="[262,346,506,528]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">4.4</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB20001F6BFFE47FDD1FD8A" box="[432,607,506,528]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">4.3 (4.1–4.6) 19</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB20001F5C5FE47FCF4FD8A" box="[714,890,506,528]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">5.1 (5.1–5.2) 3</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB20001F4EAFE47FB1AFD8A" box="[997,1172,506,528]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">4.9 (4.7–5.1) 19</td> +</tr> +<tr id="24C434C5FFB20001F78CFD9DFB1AFDAC" box="[131,1172,544,566]" gridrow="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="11"> +<th id="67155DB9FFB20001F78CFD9DFF33FDAC" box="[131,189,544,566]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">BCB</th> +<td id="67155DB9FFB20001F609FD9DFED4FDAC" box="[262,346,544,566]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">7.7</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB20001F6BFFD9DFDD1FDAC" box="[432,607,544,566]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">7.8 (7.4–8.1) 18</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB20001F5C5FD9DFCF4FDAC" box="[714,890,544,566]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">8.7 (8.7) 1</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB20001F4EAFD9DFB1AFDAC" box="[997,1172,544,566]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">8.7 (8.2–9.0) 16</td> +</tr> +<tr id="24C434C5FFB20001F78CFDFBFB1AFDC6" box="[131,1172,582,604]" gridrow="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="11"> +<th id="67155DB9FFB20001F78CFDFBFF33FDC6" box="[131,189,582,604]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">PAB</th> +<td id="67155DB9FFB20001F609FDFBFED4FDC6" box="[262,346,582,604]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">5.8</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB20001F6BFFDFBFDD1FDC6" box="[432,607,582,604]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">5.8 (5.6–6.2) 12</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB20001F5C5FDFBFCF4FDC6" box="[714,890,582,604]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">8.3 (8.0–8.6) 3</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB20001F4EAFDFBFB1AFDC6" box="[997,1172,582,604]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">7.6 (7.0–8.3) 18</td> +</tr> +<tr id="24C434C5FFB20001F78CFDD1FB1AFD18" box="[131,1172,620,642]" gridrow="7" pageId="10" pageNumber="11"> +<th id="67155DB9FFB20001F78CFDD1FF33FD18" box="[131,189,620,642]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">RAB</th> +<td id="67155DB9FFB20001F609FDD1FED4FD18" box="[262,346,620,642]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">4.8</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB20001F6BFFDD1FDD1FD18" box="[432,607,620,642]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">4.8 (4.6–5.0) 23</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB20001F5C5FDD1FCF4FD18" box="[714,890,620,642]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">7.5 (6.4–8.5) 4</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB20001F4EAFDD1FB1AFD18" box="[997,1172,620,642]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">6.8 (6.4–7.2) 19</td> +</tr> +<tr id="24C434C5FFB20001F78CFD2FFB1AFD32" box="[131,1172,658,680]" gridrow="8" pageId="10" pageNumber="11"> +<th id="67155DB9FFB20001F78CFD2FFF33FD32" box="[131,189,658,680]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">C–M3</th> +<td id="67155DB9FFB20001F609FD2FFED4FD32" box="[262,346,658,680]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">4.8</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB20001F6BFFD2FFDD1FD32" box="[432,607,658,680]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">4.7 (4.4–4.9) 16</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB20001F5C5FD2FFCF4FD32" box="[714,890,658,680]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">5.9 (5.7–6.3) 3</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB20001F4EAFD2FFB1AFD32" box="[997,1172,658,680]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">5.8 (5.4–6.2) 21</td> +</tr> +<tr id="24C434C5FFB20001F78CFD0AFB1AFD54" box="[131,1172,695,718]" gridrow="9" pageId="10" pageNumber="11"> +<th id="67155DB9FFB20001F78CFD0AFF33FD54" box="[131,189,695,718]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">M1–3</th> +<td id="67155DB9FFB20001F609FD0AFED4FD54" box="[262,346,695,718]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">3.1</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB20001F6BFFD0AFDD1FD54" box="[432,607,695,718]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">3.0 (2.7–3.3) 22</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB20001F5C5FD0AFCF4FD54" box="[714,890,695,718]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">3.8 (3.6–4.1) 4</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB20001F4EAFD0AFB1AFD54" box="[997,1172,695,718]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">3.6 (3.4–3.8) 21</td> +</tr> +<tr id="24C434C5FFB20001F78CFD60FB1AFD69" box="[131,1172,733,755]" gridrow="10" pageId="10" pageNumber="11"> +<th id="67155DB9FFB20001F78CFD60FF33FD69" box="[131,189,733,755]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">MAL</th> +<td id="67155DB9FFB20001F609FD60FED4FD69" box="[262,346,733,755]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">9.6</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB20001F6BFFD60FDD1FD69" box="[432,607,733,755]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">9.8 (9.5–10.3) 23</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB20001F5C5FD60FCF4FD69" box="[714,890,733,755]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">12.4 (11.4–13.5) 11</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB20001F4EAFD60FB1AFD69" box="[997,1172,733,755]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">11.9 (11.2–12.6) 21</td> +</tr> +<tr id="24C434C5FFB20001F78CFCBEFB1AFC83" box="[131,1172,771,793]" gridrow="11" pageId="10" pageNumber="11"> +<th id="67155DB9FFB20001F78CFCBEFF33FC83" box="[131,189,771,793]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">MAH</th> +<td id="67155DB9FFB20001F609FCBEFED4FC83" box="[262,346,771,793]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">2.8</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB20001F6BFFCBEFDD1FC83" box="[432,607,771,793]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">2.9 (2.5–3.2) 26</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB20001F5C5FCBEFCF4FC83" box="[714,890,771,793]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">4.4 (3.7–5.2) 14</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB20001F4EAFCBEFB1AFC83" box="[997,1172,771,793]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">4.0 (3.7–4.7) 21</td> +</tr> +<tr id="24C434C5FFB20001F78CFC94FB1AFCA5" box="[131,1172,809,831]" gridrow="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="11"> +<th id="67155DB9FFB20001F78CFC94FF33FCA5" box="[131,189,809,831]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">c–m3</th> +<td id="67155DB9FFB20001F609FC94FED4FCA5" box="[262,346,809,831]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">5.6</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB20001F6BFFC94FDD1FCA5" box="[432,607,809,831]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">5.4 (5.1–5.7) 16</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB20001F5C5FC94FCF4FCA5" box="[714,890,809,831]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">6.7 (6.4–7.1) 4</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB20001F4EAFC94FB1AFCA5" box="[997,1172,809,831]" gridcol="4" gridrow="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">6.5 (6.1–6.9) 21</td> +</tr> +<tr id="24C434C5FFB20001F78CFCF2FB1AFCFF" box="[131,1172,847,869]" gridrow="13" pageId="10" pageNumber="11"> +<th id="67155DB9FFB20001F78CFCF2FF33FCFF" box="[131,189,847,869]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">m1–3</th> +<td id="67155DB9FFB20001F609FCF2FED4FCFF" box="[262,346,847,869]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">3.8</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB20001F6BFFCF2FDD1FCFF" box="[432,607,847,869]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">3.7 (3.4–3.9) 16</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB20001F5C5FCF2FCF4FCFF" box="[714,890,847,869]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">4.7 (4.3–5.1) 11</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB20001F4EAFCF2FB1AFCFF" box="[997,1172,847,869]" gridcol="4" gridrow="13" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">4.4 (4.1–4.7) 21</td> +</tr> +<tr id="24C434C5FFB20001F78CFCC9FB1AFC11" box="[131,1172,884,907]" gridrow="14" pageId="10" pageNumber="11"> +<th id="67155DB9FFB20001F78CFCC9FF33FC11" box="[131,189,884,907]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">m2–3</th> +<td id="67155DB9FFB20001F609FCC9FED4FC11" box="[262,346,884,907]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">2.4</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB20001F6BFFCC9FDD1FC11" box="[432,607,884,907]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">2.4 (2.1–2.6) 22</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB20001F5C5FCC9FCF4FC11" box="[714,890,884,907]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">3.0 (2.7–3.3) 19</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB20001F4EAFCC9FB1AFC11" box="[997,1172,884,907]" gridcol="4" gridrow="14" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">2.8 (2.6–3.1) 21</td> +</tr> +</table> +</paragraph> +<subSubSection id="D2EE650CFFB2FFEEF7A7F9EBFC3CFA60" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="description"> +<paragraph id="9A4B3687FFB2FFF3F7A7F9EBFB85FCE6" blockId="10.[120,1225,950,1761]" lastBlockId="13.[120,1225,753,1788]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="10" pageNumber="11"> +DESCRIPTION: The dental formula of +<taxonomicName id="5DF44D04FFB2FFF4F54EF9EAFD5FF9EB" box="[577,721,1623,1649]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Synemporion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="A880EA95FFB2FFF4F54EF9EAFD5FF9EB" box="[577,721,1623,1649]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Synemporion</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +is I1/3, C1/1, P1–2/2, M3/3 = 30–32, with the small anterior upper premolar (here termed P2 following +<bibRefCitation id="FE654B76FFB2FFF4F40DF9C1FC04F90C" author="Miller, G. S. Jr." box="[770,906,1660,1686]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="1 - 282" refId="ref16400" refString="Miller, G. S. Jr. 1907. The families and genera of bats. United States National Museum Bulletin 57: 1 - 282." type="journal article" year="1907">Miller, 1907</bibRefCitation> +) variably present (figs. 2–5). Among specimens of +<taxonomicName id="5DF44D04FFB2FFF4F668F91CFE79F921" box="[359,503,1697,1723]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Synemporion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="A880EA95FFB2FFF4F668F91CFE79F921" box="[359,503,1697,1723]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Synemporion</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +with complete palates, P2 is present on both sides in +<specimenCount id="8CF2FD0EFFB2FFF4F334F91CFB4BF921" box="[1083,1221,1697,1723]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="generic">4 specimens</specimenCount> +, present on one side and absent on the other side in +<specimenCount id="8CF2FD0EFFB2FFF4F5AAF97BFCAAF97A" box="[677,804,1734,1760]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount> +, and completely absent in +<specimenCount id="8CF2FD0EFFB2FFF4F34DF97BFB47F97A" box="[1090,1225,1734,1760]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="generic">3 specimens</specimenCount> +including the +<typeStatus id="454F8825FFB5FFF3F600FD4CFEFEFC91" box="[271,368,753,779]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus> +(figs. 3, 4). Two half-palates both preserve a P2. Taken together, these observations suggest that P2 was present somewhat more than 50% of the time in +<taxonomicName id="5DF44D04FFB5FFF3F4EEFCAAFBFCFCAB" box="[993,1138,791,817]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Synemporion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="A880EA95FFB5FFF3F4EEFCAAFBFCFCAB" box="[993,1138,791,817]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Synemporion</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +. When present, this tooth is minute and displaced lingually to lie in the angle between the lingual margins of C and P4. Selected craniodental measurements for +<taxonomicName id="5DF44D04FFB5FFF3F5C1FCDFFCA4FCE1" authorityName="Ziegler & Howarth & Simmons" authorityYear="2016" box="[718,810,865,892]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Synemporion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="keana"> +<emphasis id="A880EA95FFB5FFF3F5C1FCDFFCA4FCE1" box="[718,810,865,892]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">S. keana</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +are given in table 1. +</paragraph> +<caption id="CE8B660FFFB3FFF5F777F987FC70F95C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5368547" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5368547" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5368547/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" startId="11.[120,206,1594,1615]" targetBox="[278,1070,238,1563]" targetPageId="11"> +<paragraph id="9A4B3687FFB3FFF5F777F987FC70F95C" blockId="11.[120,1224,1592,1734]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12"> +FIGURE 4. Lateral and occlusal views of the upper dentition of +<emphasis id="A880EA95FFB3FFF5F5F8F985FC81F9CA" bold="true" box="[759,783,1592,1616]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">A,</emphasis> +the holotype of +<taxonomicName id="5DF44D04FFB3FFF5F4BCF984FBF9F9CA" authorityName="Ziegler & Howarth & Simmons" authorityYear="2016" box="[947,1143,1592,1616]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Synemporion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="keana"> +<emphasis id="A880EA95FFB3FFF5F4BCF984FBF9F9CA" box="[947,1143,1592,1616]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Synemporion keana</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +(BPBM 159269) compared with that of +<emphasis id="A880EA95FFB3FFF5F6BBF9EBFE44F9F4" bold="true" box="[436,458,1622,1646]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">B,</emphasis> +<taxonomicName id="5DF44D04FFB3FFF5F6DFF9EBFD5CF9F7" baseAuthorityName="Allen" baseAuthorityYear="1890" box="[464,722,1622,1645]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Lasiurus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="cinereus" subSpecies="semotus"> +<emphasis id="A880EA95FFB3FFF5F6DFF9EBFD5CF9F7" box="[464,722,1622,1645]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Lasiurus cinereus semotus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +(BPBM 184506). Note that a small anterior upper premolar (P2), visible in occlusal view in +<taxonomicName id="5DF44D04FFB3FFF5F516F9C9FDE1F911" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1831" box="[537,623,1652,1675]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Lasiurus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="A880EA95FFB3FFF5F516F9C9FDE1F911" box="[537,623,1652,1675]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Lasiurus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, is absent in the holotype of +<taxonomicName id="5DF44D04FFB3FFF5F49FF9CEFBDAF911" authorityName="Ziegler & Howarth & Simmons" authorityYear="2016" box="[912,1108,1651,1675]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Synemporion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="keana"> +<emphasis id="A880EA95FFB3FFF5F49FF9CEFBDAF911" box="[912,1108,1651,1675]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Synemporion keana</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +. This tooth is variably present in +<taxonomicName id="5DF44D04FFB3FFF5F65AF92CFE56F932" box="[341,472,1681,1704]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Synemporion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="A880EA95FFB3FFF5F65AF92CFE56F932" box="[341,472,1681,1704]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Synemporion</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +, occurring somewhat more than 50% of the time and sometimes present on one side but absent on the other side in the same individual (see text for discussion). +</paragraph> +</caption> +<caption id="CE8B660FFFB4FFF2F777FA65FC03F991" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5368549" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5368549" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5368549/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" startId="12.[120,206,1496,1517]" targetBox="[246,1095,234,1466]" targetPageId="12"> +<paragraph id="9A4B3687FFB4FFF2F777FA65FC03F991" blockId="12.[120,1224,1493,1547]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13"> +FIGURE 5. Lateral and occlusal views of the lower dentition of +<emphasis id="A880EA95FFB4FFF2F5FAFA68FC83FA77" bold="true" box="[757,781,1493,1517]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">A,</emphasis> +the holotype of +<taxonomicName id="5DF44D04FFB4FFF2F4BDFA6BFBF8FA74" authorityName="Ziegler & Howarth & Simmons" authorityYear="2016" box="[946,1142,1494,1518]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Synemporion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="keana"> +<emphasis id="A880EA95FFB4FFF2F4BDFA6BFBF8FA74" box="[946,1142,1494,1518]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Synemporion keana</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +(BPBM 159269) compared with that of +<emphasis id="A880EA95FFB4FFF2F6B4FA4EFE5FF991" bold="true" box="[443,465,1523,1547]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">B,</emphasis> +<taxonomicName id="5DF44D04FFB4FFF2F6D7FA49FD52F991" baseAuthorityName="Allen" baseAuthorityYear="1890" box="[472,732,1524,1547]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Lasiurus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="cinereus" subSpecies="semotus"> +<emphasis id="A880EA95FFB4FFF2F6D7FA49FD52F991" box="[472,732,1524,1547]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Lasiurus cinereus semotus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +(BPBM 184506). +</paragraph> +</caption> +<caption id="CE8B660FFFB5FFF3F777FD35FBEFFD42" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5368551" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5368551" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5368551/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" startId="13.[120,206,648,669]" targetBox="[348,981,224,598]" targetPageId="13"> +<paragraph id="9A4B3687FFB5FFF3F777FD35FBEFFD42" blockId="13.[120,1224,645,729]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14"> +FIGURE 6. Anterior view of the lower incisors and canine of +<emphasis id="A880EA95FFB5FFF3F5E1FD38FC88FD07" bold="true" box="[750,774,645,669]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">A,</emphasis> +the holotype of +<taxonomicName id="5DF44D04FFB5FFF3F4BFFD3BFBFBFD04" authorityName="Ziegler & Howarth & Simmons" authorityYear="2016" box="[944,1141,646,670]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Synemporion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="keana"> +<emphasis id="A880EA95FFB5FFF3F4BFFD3BFBFBFD04" box="[944,1141,646,670]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Synemporion keana</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +(BPBM 159269) compared with those of +<emphasis id="A880EA95FFB5FFF3F6C8FD1EFE53FD21" bold="true" box="[455,477,675,699]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">B,</emphasis> +<taxonomicName id="5DF44D04FFB5FFF3F6EBFD19FD69FD21" baseAuthorityName="Allen" baseAuthorityYear="1890" box="[484,743,676,699]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Lasiurus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="cinereus" subSpecies="semotus"> +<emphasis id="A880EA95FFB5FFF3F6EBFD19FD69FD21" box="[484,743,676,699]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Lasiurus cinereus semotus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +(BPBM 184506). The third lower incisor (i3) is absent in the holotype of +<taxonomicName id="5DF44D04FFB5FFF3F672FD7CFD8EFD42" box="[381,512,705,728]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Synemporion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="A880EA95FFB5FFF3F672FD7CFD8EFD42" box="[381,512,705,728]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Synemporion</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +but paratypes preserve this tooth, which is always trilobed. +</paragraph> +</caption> +<paragraph id="9A4B3687FFB5FFF3F7A7FC3AFCE6FAA1" blockId="13.[120,1225,753,1788]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14"> +The single upper incisor of +<taxonomicName id="5DF44D04FFB5FFF3F6F5FC3AFD1DFC3B" box="[506,659,903,929]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Synemporion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="A880EA95FFB5FFF3F6F5FC3AFD1DFC3B" box="[506,659,903,929]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Synemporion</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +is roughly two-fifths to one-half height of the upper canine and has about half its crown area, with a small posterointernal cingular cusp (fig. 4). The upper canine is tall, straight, and not recurved (figs. 2, 4). The posterior upper premolar (P4), always present and relatively large, has an unworn crown height about three-fourths that of the canine. An anterolingual cingular cusp is present on P4. M1 and M2 are dilambdodont, subequal in size, and lack a discrete hypocone cusp. Both of these teeth have a postprotocrista that extends from the protocone to the base of metacone, thus closing off the trigon basin posteriorly. The preprotocrista on M1 and M2 extends from protocone to the parastyle rather than to base of paracone. M3 is quite reduced, with a crown area little more than one-third the area of M1 and M2 and it lacks any trace of a metacone or premetacrista. The postparacrista is approximately two-thirds the length of the preparacrista, and the length of the lingual portion of the tooth is greater than the length of the labial portion. +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="9A4B3687FFB5FFF3F7A7FAFAFC1BF961" blockId="13.[120,1225,753,1788]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14"> +The lower incisors of +<taxonomicName id="5DF44D04FFB5FFF3F6BAFAFAFDC0FAFB" box="[437,590,1351,1377]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Synemporion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="A880EA95FFB5FFF3F6BAFAFAFDC0FAFB" box="[437,590,1351,1377]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Synemporion</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +are mesiodistally broad, trifid; and the crown of i1 substantially overlaps that of i2 when seen in anterior view (figs. 5, 6). The transverse crown width of unworn i1 and i2 about twice diameter of exposed root, and that of unworn i3 (missing in the +<typeStatus id="454F8825FFB5FFF3F7F6FA0AFEEFFA4B" box="[249,353,1463,1489]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus> +although the alveolus is present) is apparently only a little smaller. The lower canine is tall, sharply pointed, and not recurved (figs. 2, 5). Two double-rooted lower premolars are present. The crown length and height of p2 is approximately two-thirds that of p4, which is equal in crown height to m1. Three lower molars are present; m1 and m2 subequal in size, while m3 is somewhat smaller than the anterior molars in all dimensions. The talonid is wider than trigonid in m1 and m2, and both of these teeth are nyctalodont (the postcristid connects hypoconid with hypoconulid, so that talonid basin is narrowly open posteromedially). The last molar (m3) has a talonid that is slightly narrower than trigonid, and lacks a hypoconulid although the hypoconid and entoconid are both well developed. +</paragraph> +<caption id="CE8B660FFFB6FFF0F777FF5DFBA5FED2" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" startId="14.[120,193,224,248]" targetBox="[130,1168,355,869]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="14"> +<paragraph id="9A4B3687FFB6FFF0F777FF5DFBA5FED2" blockId="14.[120,1213,224,328]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15"> +TABLE 2. Comparative postcranial measurements of Hawaiian bats. All measurements are in mm and were taken as described in the Methods and Materials section. Hypodigm measurements presented as “mean(range) N.” Specimens measured are listed in appendix 3; all subadult individuals were excluded from the summaries presented here. The +<taxonomicName id="5DF44D04FFB6FFF0F630FE8CFE71FED2" authorityName="Ziegler & Howarth & Simmons" authorityYear="2016" box="[319,511,304,328]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Synemporion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="keana"> +<emphasis id="A880EA95FFB6FFF0F630FE8CFE71FED2" box="[319,511,304,328]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Synemporion keana</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +hypodigm measurements include those of the holotype. +</paragraph> +</caption> +<paragraph id="9A4B3687FFB6FFF0F668FED9FBF1FCFE" pageId="14" pageNumber="15"> +<table id="E8F4C427FFB60001F78DFEDEFB1EFCFF" box="[130,1168,355,869]" colsContinueFrom="10.[131,1172,355,907]" gridcols="5" gridrows="14" pageId="14" pageNumber="15"> +<tr id="24C434C5FFB60001F78DFEDEFB1EFEE3" box="[130,1168,355,377]" gridrow="0" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rowspan-0="1"> +<th id="67155DB9FFB60001F60AFEDEFDEFFEE3" box="[261,609,355,377]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="14" pageNumber="15"> +<taxonomicName id="5DF44D04FFB6FFF0F668FED9FD99FEE2" authorityName="Ziegler & Howarth & Simmons" authorityYear="2016" box="[359,535,355,377]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Synemporion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="keana"> +<emphasis id="A880EA95FFB6FFF0F668FED9FD99FEE2" box="[359,535,355,377]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Synemporion keana</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +</th> +<th id="67155DB9FFB60001F5C0FEDEFB1EFEE3" box="[719,1168,355,377]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="14" pageNumber="15"> +<taxonomicName id="5DF44D04FFB6FFF0F433FED9FBABFEE3" baseAuthorityName="Allen" baseAuthorityYear="1890" box="[828,1061,356,377]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Lasiurus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="cinereus" subSpecies="semotus"> +<emphasis id="A880EA95FFB6FFF0F433FED9FBABFEE3" box="[828,1061,356,377]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Lasiurus cinereus semotus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +</th> +</tr> +<tr id="24C434C5FFB60001F78DFE34FB1EFE05" box="[130,1168,393,415]" gridrow="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rowspan-0="1"> +<td id="67155DB9FFB60001F60AFE34FED7FE05" box="[261,345,393,415]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Holotype</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB60001F6BDFE34FDEFFE05" box="[434,609,393,415]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Hypodigm</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB60001F5C0FE34FCFDFE05" box="[719,883,393,415]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fossil</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB60001F4EEFE34FB1EFE05" box="[993,1168,393,415]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Historic</td> +</tr> +<tr id="24C434C5FFB60001F78DFE12FB1EFE5F" box="[130,1168,431,453]" gridrow="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="15"> +<th id="67155DB9FFB60001F78DFE12FF35FE5F" box="[130,187,431,453]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">SGW</th> +<td id="67155DB9FFB60001F60AFE12FED7FE5F" box="[261,345,431,453]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">1.2</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB60001F6BDFE12FDEFFE5F" box="[434,609,431,453]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">1.3 (1.1–1.4) 25</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB60001F5C0FE12FCFDFE5F" box="[719,883,431,453]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">1.8 (1.8–1.9) 5</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB60001F4EEFE12FB1EFE5F" box="[993,1168,431,453]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">1.7 (1.6–1.9) 19</td> +</tr> +<tr id="24C434C5FFB60001F78DFE69FB1EFE71" box="[130,1168,468,491]" gridrow="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="15"> +<th id="67155DB9FFB60001F78DFE69FF35FE71" box="[130,187,468,491]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">HUL</th> +<td id="67155DB9FFB60001F60AFE69FED7FE71" box="[261,345,468,491]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">24.8</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB60001F6BDFE69FDEFFE71" box="[434,609,468,491]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">25.2 (24.0–28.7) 28</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB60001F5C0FE69FCFDFE71" box="[719,883,468,491]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">30.9 (29.4–32.4) 7</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB60001F4EEFE69FB1EFE71" box="[993,1168,468,491]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">31.2 (29.4–33.4)18</td> +</tr> +<tr id="24C434C5FFB60001F78DFE47FB1EFD8B" box="[130,1168,506,529]" gridrow="4" pageId="14" pageNumber="15"> +<th id="67155DB9FFB60001F78DFE47FF35FD8B" box="[130,187,506,529]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">HPW</th> +<td id="67155DB9FFB60001F60AFE47FED7FD8B" box="[261,345,506,529]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">2.9</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB60001F6BDFE47FDEFFD8B" box="[434,609,506,529]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">2.8 (2.5–3.2) 35</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB60001F5C0FE47FCFDFD8B" box="[719,883,506,529]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">3.8 (3.7–3.9) 10</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB60001F4EEFE47FB1EFD8B" box="[993,1168,506,529]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">3.9 (3.6–4.1) 20</td> +</tr> +<tr id="24C434C5FFB60001F78DFD9DFB1EFDAC" box="[130,1168,544,566]" gridrow="5" pageId="14" pageNumber="15"> +<th id="67155DB9FFB60001F78DFD9DFF35FDAC" box="[130,187,544,566]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">HDW</th> +<td id="67155DB9FFB60001F60AFD9DFED7FDAC" box="[261,345,544,566]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">2.6</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB60001F6BDFD9DFDEFFDAC" box="[434,609,544,566]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">2.5 (2.2–2.7) 39</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB60001F5C0FD9DFCFDFDAC" box="[719,883,544,566]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">3.0 (2.8–3.2) 9</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB60001F4EEFD9DFB1EFDAC" box="[993,1168,544,566]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">2.9 (2.6–3.1) 19</td> +</tr> +<tr id="24C434C5FFB60001F78DFDFBFB1EFDC6" box="[130,1168,582,604]" gridrow="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="15"> +<th id="67155DB9FFB60001F78DFDFBFF35FDC6" box="[130,187,582,604]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">FAL</th> +<td id="67155DB9FFB60001F60AFDFBFED7FDC6" box="[261,345,582,604]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">37.5</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB60001F6BDFDFBFDEFFDC6" box="[434,609,582,604]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">37.9 (35.9–39.7) 39</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB60001F5C0FDFBFCFDFDC6" box="[719,883,582,604]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">48.0 (46.3–50.6) 6</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB60001F4EEFDFBFB1EFDC6" box="[993,1168,582,604]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">48.7 (45.9–52.7) 32</td> +</tr> +<tr id="24C434C5FFB60001F78DFDD1FB1EFD18" box="[130,1168,620,642]" gridrow="7" pageId="14" pageNumber="15"> +<th id="67155DB9FFB60001F78DFDD1FF35FD18" box="[130,187,620,642]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">FAN</th> +<td id="67155DB9FFB60001F60AFDD1FED7FD18" box="[261,345,620,642]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">2.4</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB60001F6BDFDD1FDEFFD18" box="[434,609,620,642]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">2.4 (2.1–2.7) 49</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB60001F5C0FDD1FCFDFD18" box="[719,883,620,642]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">2.9 (2.6–3.1) 11</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB60001F4EEFDD1FB1EFD18" box="[993,1168,620,642]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">2.9 (2.6–3.1) 13</td> +</tr> +<tr id="24C434C5FFB60001F78DFD2FFB1EFD32" box="[130,1168,658,680]" gridrow="8" pageId="14" pageNumber="15"> +<th id="67155DB9FFB60001F78DFD2FFF35FD32" box="[130,187,658,680]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">FAS</th> +<td id="67155DB9FFB60001F60AFD2FFED7FD32" box="[261,345,658,680]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">1.2</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB60001F6BDFD2FFDEFFD32" box="[434,609,658,680]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">1.1 (1.0–1.3) 47</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB60001F5C0FD2FFCFDFD32" box="[719,883,658,680]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">1.5 (1.4–1.7) 9</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB60001F4EEFD2FFB1EFD32" box="[993,1168,658,680]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">1.5 (1.3–1.7) 13</td> +</tr> +<tr id="24C434C5FFB60001F78DFD0AFB1EFD54" box="[130,1168,695,718]" gridrow="9" pageId="14" pageNumber="15"> +<th id="67155DB9FFB60001F78DFD0AFF35FD54" box="[130,187,695,718]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">FEL</th> +<td id="67155DB9FFB60001F60AFD0AFED7FD54" box="[261,345,695,718]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">19.0</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB60001F6BDFD0AFDEFFD54" box="[434,609,695,718]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">18.8 (17.5–19.9) 20</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB60001F5C0FD0AFCFDFD54" box="[719,883,695,718]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">21.4 (21.4)1</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB60001F4EEFD0AFB1EFD54" box="[993,1168,695,718]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">21.3 (20.4–22.7) 17</td> +</tr> +<tr id="24C434C5FFB60001F78DFD60FB1EFD69" box="[130,1168,733,755]" gridrow="10" pageId="14" pageNumber="15"> +<th id="67155DB9FFB60001F78DFD60FF35FD69" box="[130,187,733,755]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">FPW</th> +<td id="67155DB9FFB60001F60AFD60FED7FD69" box="[261,345,733,755]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">1.6</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB60001F6BDFD60FDEFFD69" box="[434,609,733,755]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">1.7 (1.5–1.9) 26</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB60001F5C0FD60FCFDFD69" box="[719,883,733,755]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">2.3 (2.0–2.6) 5</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB60001F4EEFD60FB1EFD69" box="[993,1168,733,755]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">2.2 (2.1–2.5) 18</td> +</tr> +<tr id="24C434C5FFB60001F78DFCBEFB1EFC83" box="[130,1168,771,793]" gridrow="11" pageId="14" pageNumber="15"> +<th id="67155DB9FFB60001F78DFCBEFF35FC83" box="[130,187,771,793]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">FDW</th> +<td id="67155DB9FFB60001F60AFCBEFED7FC83" box="[261,345,771,793]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">1.5</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB60001F6BDFCBEFDEFFC83" box="[434,609,771,793]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">1.5 (1.3–1.6) 24</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB60001F5C0FCBEFCFDFC83" box="[719,883,771,793]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">1.8(1.7–1.9)3</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB60001F4EEFCBEFB1EFC83" box="[993,1168,771,793]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">1.8 (1.7–2.0) 18</td> +</tr> +<tr id="24C434C5FFB60001F78DFC94FB1EFCA5" box="[130,1168,809,831]" gridrow="12" pageId="14" pageNumber="15"> +<th id="67155DB9FFB60001F78DFC94FF35FCA5" box="[130,187,809,831]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">TIL</th> +<td id="67155DB9FFB60001F60AFC94FED7FCA5" box="[261,345,809,831]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">17.1</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB60001F6BDFC94FDEFFCA5" box="[434,609,809,831]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">16.8 (16.1–18.3) 20</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB60001F5C0FC94FCFDFCA5" box="[719,883,809,831]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">20.6 (19.9–21.3) 2</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB60001F4EEFC94FB1EFCA5" box="[993,1168,809,831]" gridcol="4" gridrow="12" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">20.0 (19.3–21.2) 10</td> +</tr> +<tr id="24C434C5FFB60001F78DFCF2FB1EFCFF" box="[130,1168,847,869]" gridrow="13" pageId="14" pageNumber="15"> +<th id="67155DB9FFB60001F78DFCF2FF35FCFF" box="[130,187,847,869]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">TPW</th> +<td id="67155DB9FFB60001F60AFCF2FED7FCFF" box="[261,345,847,869]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">1.6</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB60001F6BDFCF2FDEFFCFF" box="[434,609,847,869]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">1.6 (1.4–1.7) 23</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB60001F5C0FCF2FCFDFCFF" box="[719,883,847,869]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">2.0 (1.9–2.1) 2</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB60001F4EEFCF2FB1EFCFF" box="[993,1168,847,869]" gridcol="4" gridrow="13" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">2.0 (1.9–2.1) 13</td> +</tr> +</table> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="9A4B3687FFB6FFF0F7A7FC3AFD7FFB6B" blockId="14.[120,1225,903,1788]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15"> +The skull of +<taxonomicName id="5DF44D04FFB6FFF0F63AFC3AFE42FC3B" box="[309,460,903,929]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Synemporion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="A880EA95FFB6FFF0F63AFC3AFE42FC3B" box="[309,460,903,929]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Synemporion</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +has a low rostrum and a moderately well-developed forehead that rises abruptly to join with braincase, so that the profile of the rostrum appears concave in lateral view (fig. 2). The rostrum is of moderate length and relatively narrow (less than threefourths the width of the braincase) and has a well-developed median sulcus (figs. 2, 3). The frontal portion of braincase is inflated and is higher and slightly wider than the occipital portion. There is no obvious sagittal crest, and the lambdoidal crests are weakly developed and present only laterally. The superior temporal lines are separated about +<quantity id="5D0C9B62FFB6FFF0F4C3FBDAFBC0FB1B" box="[972,1102,1127,1153]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="mm" value="1.5" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.0">1 to 2 mm</quantity> +along the sagittal suture. Postorbital processes and supraorbital ridges are entirely absent. The zygomatic arches relatively narrow throughout and lack an expanded dorsal projection. The lachrymal ridge at the anterior rim of orbit is weakly developed. +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="9A4B3687FFB6FFF0F7A7FB41FEECF9DB" blockId="14.[120,1225,903,1788]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15"> +The premaxilla in +<taxonomicName id="5DF44D04FFB6FFF0F68DFB41FD94FA8C" box="[386,538,1276,1302]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Synemporion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="A880EA95FFB6FFF0F68DFB41FD94FA8C" box="[386,538,1276,1302]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Synemporion</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +lacks a palatal branch and is fused to the maxilla (figs. 2, 3). The narial emargination relatively broad in dorsal view, about 1.5 times as wide as deep, and the anterior palatal emargination even broader, essentially twice as wide as deep. The hard palate extends posteriorly well beyond the tooth row and orbit area. A pair of well-developed but shallow basisphenoid pits are present and are separated by a medial ridge. The cochleae are large, and distance between the cochleae is equivalent to approximately three-fourths the diameter of the cochlea. The dentary is essentially the same as found in most other vespertilionids, with a relatively low coronoid process and a well-developed mental foramen between the roots of C and P2 (fig. 2). +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="9A4B3687FFB6FFEEF7A7F9F1FBE4FB6F" blockId="14.[120,1225,903,1788]" lastBlockId="16.[120,1224,943,1530]" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="14" pageNumber="15"> +Selected postcranial measurements of +<taxonomicName id="5DF44D04FFB6FFF0F57AF9F0FC83F9FD" box="[629,781,1613,1639]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Synemporion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="A880EA95FFB6FFF0F57AF9F0FC83F9FD" box="[629,781,1613,1639]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Synemporion</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +are presented in tables 2 and 3. The clavicle is rodlike and lacks any kind of midshaft enlargement or projection. The scapula has a large dorsal articular fossa that is nearly as large as the glenoid fossa, and has an assymetrically bifid coracoid process with the longer branch directed medially. The humerus (figs. 7, 8) has a well-developed greater tuberosity that projects proximally well beyond humeral head; the lesser tuberosity, also well developed, is smaller and does not project beyond head. The bicipital groove along lateral surface of deltoid tuberosity is deep and well defined, and the deltoid tuberosity is high with ridge extending distally for almost one-quarter the total length of humerus. The distal articular surface lies in line with shaft, the trochlea noticeably greater in proximodistal diameter than capitulum, and the medial epicondylar spine projects distally +<quantity id="5D0C9B62FFA8FFEEF3AAFBF8FF26FB1F" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity> +beyond trochlea. The ulna is fused proximally with radius, and the distalmost ulnar remnant is evident as small, proximally directed, flat spine fused to distal end of lateral border of radius. Metacarpal formula III> IV> V, with metacarpal IV length approximately 94% of that of metacarpal III, and metacarpal V length approximately 87% that of metacarpal III. +</paragraph> +<caption id="CE8B660FFFB7FFF1F777FF5DFD99FE89" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" startId="15.[120,194,224,248]" targetBox="[130,1172,308,1546]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="15"> +<paragraph id="9A4B3687FFB7FFF1F777FF5DFD99FE89" blockId="15.[120,1189,224,275]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">TABLE 3. Comparative metacarpal measurements and ratios for Hawaiian bats. All measurements are in mm, and ratios are given as percentages.</paragraph> +</caption> +<paragraph id="9A4B3687FFB7FFF1F78BFE89FBF0F990" pageId="15" pageNumber="16"> +<table id="E8F4C427FFB70001F78DFE89FB1AF990" box="[130,1172,308,1546]" gridcols="7" gridrows="31" pageId="15" pageNumber="16"> +<tr id="24C434C5FFB70001F78DFE89FB1AFED0" box="[130,1172,308,330]" gridrow="0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16"> +<th id="67155DB9FFB70001F78DFE89FEBDFED0" box="[130,307,308,330]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Taxon/Specimen</th> +<th id="67155DB9FFB70001F6B7FE89FE51FED0" box="[440,479,308,330]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">II</th> +<th id="67155DB9FFB70001F513FE89FDCDFED0" box="[540,579,308,330]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">III</th> +<th id="67155DB9FFB70001F58EFE89FD29FED0" box="[641,679,308,330]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">IV</th> +<th id="67155DB9FFB70001F5EAFE89FC85FED0" box="[741,779,308,330]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">V</th> +<th id="67155DB9FFB70001F46FFE89FC47FED0" box="[864,969,308,330]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Ratio IV:III</th> +<th id="67155DB9FFB70001F33CFE89FB1AFED0" box="[1075,1172,308,330]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Ratio V:III</th> +</tr> +<tr id="24C434C5FFB70001F78DFEDDFB1AFEEF" box="[130,1172,352,373]" gridrow="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1"> +<th id="67155DB9FFB70001F78DFEDDFEBDFEEF" box="[130,307,352,373]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16"> +<taxonomicName id="5DF44D04FFB7FFF1F78CFEDDFEBDFEEF" authorityName="Ziegler & Howarth & Simmons" authorityYear="2016" box="[131,307,352,373]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Synemporion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="keana"> +<emphasis id="A880EA95FFB7FFF1F78CFEDDFEBDFEEF" box="[131,307,352,373]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Synemporion keana</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +</th> +</tr> +<tr id="24C434C5FFB70001F78DFE3BFB1AFE06" box="[130,1172,390,412]" gridrow="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="16"> +<th id="67155DB9FFB70001F78DFE3BFEBDFE06" box="[130,307,390,412]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">BPBM 159265</th> +<td id="67155DB9FFB70001F6B7FE3BFE51FE06" box="[440,479,390,412]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">–</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB70001F513FE3BFDCDFE06" box="[540,579,390,412]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">–</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB70001F58EFE3BFD29FE06" box="[641,679,390,412]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">40.5</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB70001F5EAFE3BFC85FE06" box="[741,779,390,412]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">37.5</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB70001F46FFE3BFC47FE06" box="[864,969,390,412]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">–</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB70001F33CFE3BFB1AFE06" box="[1075,1172,390,412]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">–</td> +</tr> +<tr id="24C434C5FFB70001F78DFE11FB1AFE58" box="[130,1172,428,450]" gridrow="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="16"> +<th id="67155DB9FFB70001F78DFE11FEBDFE58" box="[130,307,428,450]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">BPBM 159267</th> +<td id="67155DB9FFB70001F6B7FE11FE51FE58" box="[440,479,428,450]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">–</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB70001F513FE11FDCDFE58" box="[540,579,428,450]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">40.0</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB70001F58EFE11FD29FE58" box="[641,679,428,450]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">–</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB70001F5EAFE11FC85FE58" box="[741,779,428,450]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">35.0</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB70001F46FFE11FC47FE58" box="[864,969,428,450]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">–</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB70001F33CFE11FB1AFE58" box="[1075,1172,428,450]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">88%</td> +</tr> +<tr id="24C434C5FFB70001F78DFE6DFB1AFE7D" box="[130,1172,464,487]" gridrow="4" pageId="15" pageNumber="16"> +<th id="67155DB9FFB70001F78DFE6DFEBDFE7D" box="[130,307,464,487]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">BPBM 1592691</th> +<td id="67155DB9FFB70001F6B7FE6DFE51FE7D" box="[440,479,464,487]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">39.5</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB70001F513FE6DFDCDFE7D" box="[540,579,464,487]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">42.0</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB70001F58EFE6DFD29FE7D" box="[641,679,464,487]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">–</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB70001F5EAFE6DFC85FE7D" box="[741,779,464,487]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">36.5</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB70001F46FFE6DFC47FE7D" box="[864,969,464,487]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">–</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB70001F33CFE6DFB1AFE7D" box="[1075,1172,464,487]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">87%</td> +</tr> +<tr id="24C434C5FFB70001F78DFE4AFB1AFD97" box="[130,1172,503,525]" gridrow="5" pageId="15" pageNumber="16"> +<th id="67155DB9FFB70001F78DFE4AFEBDFD97" box="[130,307,503,525]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">BPBM 159375</th> +<td id="67155DB9FFB70001F6B7FE4AFE51FD97" box="[440,479,503,525]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">–</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB70001F513FE4AFDCDFD97" box="[540,579,503,525]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">40.0</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB70001F58EFE4AFD29FD97" box="[641,679,503,525]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">37.5</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB70001F5EAFE4AFC85FD97" box="[741,779,503,525]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">34.5</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB70001F46FFE4AFC47FD97" box="[864,969,503,525]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">94%</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB70001F33CFE4AFB1AFD97" box="[1075,1172,503,525]" gridcol="6" gridrow="5" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">86%</td> +</tr> +<tr id="24C434C5FFB70001F78DFDA0FB1AFDA9" box="[130,1172,541,563]" gridrow="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="16"> +<th id="67155DB9FFB70001F78DFDA0FEBDFDA9" box="[130,307,541,563]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">BPBM 178052</th> +<td id="67155DB9FFB70001F6B7FDA0FE51FDA9" box="[440,479,541,563]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">–</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB70001F513FDA0FDCDFDA9" box="[540,579,541,563]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">42.5</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB70001F58EFDA0FD29FDA9" box="[641,679,541,563]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">–</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB70001F5EAFDA0FC85FDA9" box="[741,779,541,563]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">34.5</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB70001F46FFDA0FC47FDA9" box="[864,969,541,563]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">–</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB70001F33CFDA0FB1AFDA9" box="[1075,1172,541,563]" gridcol="6" gridrow="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">81%</td> +</tr> +<tr id="24C434C5FFB70001F78DFDFEFB1AFDC3" box="[130,1172,579,601]" gridrow="7" pageId="15" pageNumber="16"> +<th id="67155DB9FFB70001F78DFDFEFEBDFDC3" box="[130,307,579,601]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">BPBM 178057</th> +<td id="67155DB9FFB70001F6B7FDFEFE51FDC3" box="[440,479,579,601]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">40.5</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB70001F513FDFEFDCDFDC3" box="[540,579,579,601]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">41.5</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB70001F58EFDFEFD29FDC3" box="[641,679,579,601]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">39.5</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB70001F5EAFDFEFC85FDC3" box="[741,779,579,601]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">37.0</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB70001F46FFDFEFC47FDC3" box="[864,969,579,601]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">95%</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB70001F33CFDFEFB1AFDC3" box="[1075,1172,579,601]" gridcol="6" gridrow="7" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">89%</td> +</tr> +<tr id="24C434C5FFB70001F78DFDD4FB1AFDE5" box="[130,1172,617,639]" gridrow="8" pageId="15" pageNumber="16"> +<th id="67155DB9FFB70001F78DFDD4FEBDFDE5" box="[130,307,617,639]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">BPBM 178058</th> +<td id="67155DB9FFB70001F6B7FDD4FE51FDE5" box="[440,479,617,639]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">39.0</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB70001F513FDD4FDCDFDE5" box="[540,579,617,639]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">41.5</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB70001F58EFDD4FD29FDE5" box="[641,679,617,639]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">39.0</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB70001F5EAFDD4FC85FDE5" box="[741,779,617,639]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">36.5</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB70001F46FFDD4FC47FDE5" box="[864,969,617,639]" gridcol="5" gridrow="8" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">94%</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB70001F33CFDD4FB1AFDE5" box="[1075,1172,617,639]" gridcol="6" gridrow="8" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">88%</td> +</tr> +<tr id="24C434C5FFB70001F78DFD33FB1AFD3F" box="[130,1172,654,677]" gridrow="9" pageId="15" pageNumber="16"> +<th id="67155DB9FFB70001F78DFD33FEBDFD3F" box="[130,307,654,677]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">BPBM 178061</th> +<td id="67155DB9FFB70001F6B7FD33FE51FD3F" box="[440,479,654,677]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">–</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB70001F513FD33FDCDFD3F" box="[540,579,654,677]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">42.5</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB70001F58EFD33FD29FD3F" box="[641,679,654,677]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">39.5</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB70001F5EAFD33FC85FD3F" box="[741,779,654,677]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">36.5</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB70001F46FFD33FC47FD3F" box="[864,969,654,677]" gridcol="5" gridrow="9" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">93%</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB70001F33CFD33FB1AFD3F" box="[1075,1172,654,677]" gridcol="6" gridrow="9" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">86%</td> +</tr> +<tr id="24C434C5FFB70001F78DFD09FB1AFD50" box="[130,1172,692,714]" gridrow="10" pageId="15" pageNumber="16"> +<th id="67155DB9FFB70001F78DFD09FEBDFD50" box="[130,307,692,714]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">BPBM 178157</th> +<td id="67155DB9FFB70001F6B7FD09FE51FD50" box="[440,479,692,714]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">40.5</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB70001F513FD09FDCDFD50" box="[540,579,692,714]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">42.0</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB70001F58EFD09FD29FD50" box="[641,679,692,714]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">39.5</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB70001F5EAFD09FC85FD50" box="[741,779,692,714]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">36.5</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB70001F46FFD09FC47FD50" box="[864,969,692,714]" gridcol="5" gridrow="10" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">94%</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB70001F33CFD09FB1AFD50" box="[1075,1172,692,714]" gridcol="6" gridrow="10" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">87%</td> +</tr> +<tr id="24C434C5FFB70001F78DFD67FB1AFD6A" box="[130,1172,730,752]" gridrow="11" pageId="15" pageNumber="16"> +<th id="67155DB9FFB70001F78DFD67FEBDFD6A" box="[130,307,730,752]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">USNM 498808</th> +<td id="67155DB9FFB70001F6B7FD67FE51FD6A" box="[440,479,730,752]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">–</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB70001F513FD67FDCDFD6A" box="[540,579,730,752]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">41.0</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB70001F58EFD67FD29FD6A" box="[641,679,730,752]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">38.0</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB70001F5EAFD67FC85FD6A" box="[741,779,730,752]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">35.0</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB70001F46FFD67FC47FD6A" box="[864,969,730,752]" gridcol="5" gridrow="11" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">93%</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB70001F33CFD67FB1AFD6A" box="[1075,1172,730,752]" gridcol="6" gridrow="11" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">85%</td> +</tr> +<tr id="24C434C5FFB70001F78DFCBDFB1AFC8C" box="[130,1172,768,790]" gridrow="12" pageId="15" pageNumber="16"> +<th id="67155DB9FFB70001F78DFCBDFEBDFC8C" box="[130,307,768,790]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">USNM 520429</th> +<td id="67155DB9FFB70001F6B7FCBDFE51FC8C" box="[440,479,768,790]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">41.0</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB70001F513FCBDFDCDFC8C" box="[540,579,768,790]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">–</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB70001F58EFCBDFD29FC8C" box="[641,679,768,790]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">40.0</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB70001F5EAFCBDFC85FC8C" box="[741,779,768,790]" gridcol="4" gridrow="12" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">37.5</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB70001F46FFCBDFC47FC8C" box="[864,969,768,790]" gridcol="5" gridrow="12" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">–</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB70001F33CFCBDFB1AFC8C" box="[1075,1172,768,790]" gridcol="6" gridrow="12" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">–</td> +</tr> +<tr id="24C434C5FFB70001F78DFC9BFB1AFCA6" box="[130,1172,806,828]" gridrow="13" pageId="15" pageNumber="16"> +<th id="67155DB9FFB70001F78DFC9BFEBDFCA6" box="[130,307,806,828]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">USNM 520430</th> +<td id="67155DB9FFB70001F6B7FC9BFE51FCA6" box="[440,479,806,828]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">–</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB70001F513FC9BFDCDFCA6" box="[540,579,806,828]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">43.5</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB70001F58EFC9BFD29FCA6" box="[641,679,806,828]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">–</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB70001F5EAFC9BFC85FCA6" box="[741,779,806,828]" gridcol="4" gridrow="13" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">38.0</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB70001F46FFC9BFC47FCA6" box="[864,969,806,828]" gridcol="5" gridrow="13" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">–</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB70001F33CFC9BFB1AFCA6" box="[1075,1172,806,828]" gridcol="6" gridrow="13" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">87%</td> +</tr> +<tr id="24C434C5FFB70001F78DFCF6FB1AFCF8" box="[130,1172,843,866]" gridrow="14" pageId="15" pageNumber="16"> +<th id="67155DB9FFB70001F78DFCF6FEBDFCF8" box="[130,307,843,866]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">USNM 531343</th> +<td id="67155DB9FFB70001F6B7FCF6FE51FCF8" box="[440,479,843,866]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">40.5</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB70001F513FCF6FDCDFCF8" box="[540,579,843,866]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">43.0</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB70001F58EFCF6FD29FCF8" box="[641,679,843,866]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">39.5</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB70001F5EAFCF6FC85FCF8" box="[741,779,843,866]" gridcol="4" gridrow="14" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">37.0</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB70001F46FFCF6FC47FCF8" box="[864,969,843,866]" gridcol="5" gridrow="14" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">92%</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB70001F33CFCF6FB1AFCF8" box="[1075,1172,843,866]" gridcol="6" gridrow="14" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">86%</td> +</tr> +<tr id="24C434C5FFB70001F78DFCCCFB1AFC12" box="[130,1172,881,904]" gridrow="15" pageId="15" pageNumber="16"> +<th id="67155DB9FFB70001F78DFCCCFEBDFC12" box="[130,307,881,904]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Mean (x)</th> +<td id="67155DB9FFB70001F6B7FCCCFE51FC12" box="[440,479,881,904]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">40.2</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB70001F513FCCCFDCDFC12" box="[540,579,881,904]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">41.8</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB70001F58EFCCCFD29FC12" box="[641,679,881,904]" gridcol="3" gridrow="15" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">39.2</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB70001F5EAFCCCFC85FC12" box="[741,779,881,904]" gridcol="4" gridrow="15" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">36.3</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB70001F46FFCCCFC47FC12" box="[864,969,881,904]" gridcol="5" gridrow="15" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">93.6%</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB70001F33CFCCCFB1AFC12" box="[1075,1172,881,904]" gridcol="6" gridrow="15" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">86.4%</td> +</tr> +<tr id="24C434C5FFB70001F78DFC00FB1AFC49" box="[130,1172,957,979]" gridrow="16" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1"> +<th id="67155DB9FFB70001F78DFC00FE51FC49" box="[130,479,957,979]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="15" pageNumber="16"> +Fossil +<taxonomicName id="5DF44D04FFB7FFF1F7B3FC03FE2AFC49" baseAuthorityName="Allen" baseAuthorityYear="1890" box="[188,420,958,979]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Lasiurus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="cinereus" subSpecies="semotus"> +<emphasis id="A880EA95FFB7FFF1F7B3FC03FE2AFC49" box="[188,420,958,979]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Lasiurus cinereus semotus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +</th> +</tr> +<tr id="24C434C5FFB70001F78DFC5EFB1AFC63" box="[130,1172,995,1017]" gridrow="17" pageId="15" pageNumber="16"> +<th id="67155DB9FFB70001F78DFC5EFEBDFC63" box="[130,307,995,1017]" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">BPBM 159268</th> +<td id="67155DB9FFB70001F6B7FC5EFE51FC63" box="[440,479,995,1017]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">51.0</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB70001F513FC5EFDCDFC63" box="[540,579,995,1017]" gridcol="2" gridrow="17" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">51.5</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB70001F58EFC5EFD29FC63" box="[641,679,995,1017]" gridcol="3" gridrow="17" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">46.5</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB70001F5EAFC5EFC85FC63" box="[741,779,995,1017]" gridcol="4" gridrow="17" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">41.0</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB70001F46FFC5EFC47FC63" box="[864,969,995,1017]" gridcol="5" gridrow="17" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">90%</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB70001F33CFC5EFB1AFC63" box="[1075,1172,995,1017]" gridcol="6" gridrow="17" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">80%</td> +</tr> +<tr id="24C434C5FFB70001F78DFBB4FB1AFB85" box="[130,1172,1033,1055]" gridrow="18" pageId="15" pageNumber="16"> +<th id="67155DB9FFB70001F78DFBB4FEBDFB85" box="[130,307,1033,1055]" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">BPBM 183819</th> +<td id="67155DB9FFB70001F6B7FBB4FE51FB85" box="[440,479,1033,1055]" gridcol="1" gridrow="18" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">–</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB70001F513FBB4FDCDFB85" box="[540,579,1033,1055]" gridcol="2" gridrow="18" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">–</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB70001F58EFBB4FD29FB85" box="[641,679,1033,1055]" gridcol="3" gridrow="18" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">–</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB70001F5EAFBB4FC85FB85" box="[741,779,1033,1055]" gridcol="4" gridrow="18" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">40.5</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB70001F46FFBB4FC47FB85" box="[864,969,1033,1055]" gridcol="5" gridrow="18" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">–</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB70001F33CFBB4FB1AFB85" box="[1075,1172,1033,1055]" gridcol="6" gridrow="18" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">–</td> +</tr> +<tr id="24C434C5FFB70001F78DFB93FB1AFBDE" box="[130,1172,1070,1092]" gridrow="19" pageId="15" pageNumber="16"> +<th id="67155DB9FFB70001F78DFB93FEBDFBDE" box="[130,307,1070,1092]" gridcol="0" gridrow="19" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">BPBM 184971</th> +<td id="67155DB9FFB70001F6B7FB93FE51FBDE" box="[440,479,1070,1092]" gridcol="1" gridrow="19" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">50.5</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB70001F513FB93FDCDFBDE" box="[540,579,1070,1092]" gridcol="2" gridrow="19" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">–</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB70001F58EFB93FD29FBDE" box="[641,679,1070,1092]" gridcol="3" gridrow="19" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">46.0</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB70001F5EAFB93FC85FBDE" box="[741,779,1070,1092]" gridcol="4" gridrow="19" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">40.0</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB70001F46FFB93FC47FBDE" box="[864,969,1070,1092]" gridcol="5" gridrow="19" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">–</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB70001F33CFB93FB1AFBDE" box="[1075,1172,1070,1092]" gridcol="6" gridrow="19" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">–</td> +</tr> +<tr id="24C434C5FFB70001F78DFBE9FB1AFBF0" box="[130,1172,1108,1130]" gridrow="20" pageId="15" pageNumber="16"> +<th id="67155DB9FFB70001F78DFBE9FEBDFBF0" box="[130,307,1108,1130]" gridcol="0" gridrow="20" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Mean (x)</th> +<td id="67155DB9FFB70001F6B7FBE9FE51FBF0" box="[440,479,1108,1130]" gridcol="1" gridrow="20" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">50.8</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB70001F513FBE9FDCDFBF0" box="[540,579,1108,1130]" gridcol="2" gridrow="20" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">51.5</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB70001F58EFBE9FD29FBF0" box="[641,679,1108,1130]" gridcol="3" gridrow="20" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">46.3</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB70001F5EAFBE9FC85FBF0" box="[741,779,1108,1130]" gridcol="4" gridrow="20" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">40.5</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB70001F46FFBE9FC47FBF0" box="[864,969,1108,1130]" gridcol="5" gridrow="20" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">90%</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB70001F33CFBE9FB1AFBF0" box="[1075,1172,1108,1130]" gridcol="6" gridrow="20" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">80%</td> +</tr> +<tr id="24C434C5FFB70001F78DFB1DFB1AFB2C" box="[130,1172,1184,1206]" gridrow="21" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1"> +<th id="67155DB9FFB70001F78DFB1DFE51FB2C" box="[130,479,1184,1206]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="0" gridrow="21" pageId="15" pageNumber="16"> +Historic +<taxonomicName id="5DF44D04FFB7FFF1F7DDFB1CFE34FB2C" baseAuthorityName="Allen" baseAuthorityYear="1890" box="[210,442,1185,1206]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Lasiurus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="cinereus" subSpecies="semotus"> +<emphasis id="A880EA95FFB7FFF1F7DDFB1CFE34FB2C" box="[210,442,1185,1206]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Lasiurus cinereus semotus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +</th> +</tr> +<tr id="24C434C5FFB70001F78DFB7BFB1AFB46" box="[130,1172,1222,1244]" gridrow="22" pageId="15" pageNumber="16"> +<th id="67155DB9FFB70001F78DFB7BFEBDFB46" box="[130,307,1222,1244]" gridcol="0" gridrow="22" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">BBM 9201</th> +<td id="67155DB9FFB70001F6B7FB7BFE51FB46" box="[440,479,1222,1244]" gridcol="1" gridrow="22" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">54.5</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB70001F513FB7BFDCDFB46" box="[540,579,1222,1244]" gridcol="2" gridrow="22" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">56.0</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB70001F58EFB7BFD29FB46" box="[641,679,1222,1244]" gridcol="3" gridrow="22" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">51.0</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB70001F5EAFB7BFC85FB46" box="[741,779,1222,1244]" gridcol="4" gridrow="22" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">43.5</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB70001F46FFB7BFC47FB46" box="[864,969,1222,1244]" gridcol="5" gridrow="22" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">91%</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB70001F33CFB7BFB1AFB46" box="[1075,1172,1222,1244]" gridcol="6" gridrow="22" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">78%</td> +</tr> +<tr id="24C434C5FFB70001F78DFB56FB1AFA9B" box="[130,1172,1259,1281]" gridrow="23" pageId="15" pageNumber="16"> +<th id="67155DB9FFB70001F78DFB56FEBDFA9B" box="[130,307,1259,1281]" gridcol="0" gridrow="23" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">BBM-X 145165</th> +<td id="67155DB9FFB70001F6B7FB56FE51FA9B" box="[440,479,1259,1281]" gridcol="1" gridrow="23" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">52.0</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB70001F513FB56FDCDFA9B" box="[540,579,1259,1281]" gridcol="2" gridrow="23" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">52.5</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB70001F58EFB56FD29FA9B" box="[641,679,1259,1281]" gridcol="3" gridrow="23" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">47.5</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB70001F5EAFB56FC85FA9B" box="[741,779,1259,1281]" gridcol="4" gridrow="23" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">41.0</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB70001F46FFB56FC47FA9B" box="[864,969,1259,1281]" gridcol="5" gridrow="23" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">90%</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB70001F33CFB56FB1AFA9B" box="[1075,1172,1259,1281]" gridcol="6" gridrow="23" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">78%</td> +</tr> +<tr id="24C434C5FFB70001F78DFAACFB1AFABD" box="[130,1172,1297,1319]" gridrow="24" pageId="15" pageNumber="16"> +<th id="67155DB9FFB70001F78DFAACFEBDFABD" box="[130,307,1297,1319]" gridcol="0" gridrow="24" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">BBM-X 145170</th> +<td id="67155DB9FFB70001F6B7FAACFE51FABD" box="[440,479,1297,1319]" gridcol="1" gridrow="24" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">53.0</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB70001F513FAACFDCDFABD" box="[540,579,1297,1319]" gridcol="2" gridrow="24" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">54.5</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB70001F58EFAACFD29FABD" box="[641,679,1297,1319]" gridcol="3" gridrow="24" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">–</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB70001F5EAFAACFC85FABD" box="[741,779,1297,1319]" gridcol="4" gridrow="24" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">42.5</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB70001F46FFAACFC47FABD" box="[864,969,1297,1319]" gridcol="5" gridrow="24" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">–</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB70001F33CFAACFB1AFABD" box="[1075,1172,1297,1319]" gridcol="6" gridrow="24" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">78%</td> +</tr> +<tr id="24C434C5FFB70001F78DFA8AFB1AFAD7" box="[130,1172,1335,1357]" gridrow="25" pageId="15" pageNumber="16"> +<th id="67155DB9FFB70001F78DFA8AFEBDFAD7" box="[130,307,1335,1357]" gridcol="0" gridrow="25" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">BBM-X 147123</th> +<td id="67155DB9FFB70001F6B7FA8AFE51FAD7" box="[440,479,1335,1357]" gridcol="1" gridrow="25" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">54.0</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB70001F513FA8AFDCDFAD7" box="[540,579,1335,1357]" gridcol="2" gridrow="25" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">55.5</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB70001F58EFA8AFD29FAD7" box="[641,679,1335,1357]" gridcol="3" gridrow="25" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">49.0</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB70001F5EAFA8AFC85FAD7" box="[741,779,1335,1357]" gridcol="4" gridrow="25" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">44.0</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB70001F46FFA8AFC47FAD7" box="[864,969,1335,1357]" gridcol="5" gridrow="25" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">88%</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB70001F33CFA8AFB1AFAD7" box="[1075,1172,1335,1357]" gridcol="6" gridrow="25" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">79%</td> +</tr> +<tr id="24C434C5FFB70001F78DFAE0FB1AFAE9" box="[130,1172,1373,1395]" gridrow="26" pageId="15" pageNumber="16"> +<th id="67155DB9FFB70001F78DFAE0FEBDFAE9" box="[130,307,1373,1395]" gridcol="0" gridrow="26" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">BBM-X 147125</th> +<td id="67155DB9FFB70001F6B7FAE0FE51FAE9" box="[440,479,1373,1395]" gridcol="1" gridrow="26" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">–</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB70001F513FAE0FDCDFAE9" box="[540,579,1373,1395]" gridcol="2" gridrow="26" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">53.5</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB70001F58EFAE0FD29FAE9" box="[641,679,1373,1395]" gridcol="3" gridrow="26" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">47.0</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB70001F5EAFAE0FC85FAE9" box="[741,779,1373,1395]" gridcol="4" gridrow="26" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">42.0</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB70001F46FFAE0FC47FAE9" box="[864,969,1373,1395]" gridcol="5" gridrow="26" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">88%</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB70001F33CFAE0FB1AFAE9" box="[1075,1172,1373,1395]" gridcol="6" gridrow="26" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">79%</td> +</tr> +<tr id="24C434C5FFB70001F78DFA3EFB1AFA03" box="[130,1172,1411,1433]" gridrow="27" pageId="15" pageNumber="16"> +<th id="67155DB9FFB70001F78DFA3EFEBDFA03" box="[130,307,1411,1433]" gridcol="0" gridrow="27" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">BPBM 161300</th> +<td id="67155DB9FFB70001F6B7FA3EFE51FA03" box="[440,479,1411,1433]" gridcol="1" gridrow="27" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">52.0</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB70001F513FA3EFDCDFA03" box="[540,579,1411,1433]" gridcol="2" gridrow="27" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">53.5</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB70001F58EFA3EFD29FA03" box="[641,679,1411,1433]" gridcol="3" gridrow="27" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">48.0</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB70001F5EAFA3EFC85FA03" box="[741,779,1411,1433]" gridcol="4" gridrow="27" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">42.0</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB70001F46FFA3EFC47FA03" box="[864,969,1411,1433]" gridcol="5" gridrow="27" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">90%</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB70001F33CFA3EFB1AFA03" box="[1075,1172,1411,1433]" gridcol="6" gridrow="27" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">79%</td> +</tr> +<tr id="24C434C5FFB70001F78DFA15FB1AFA24" box="[130,1172,1448,1470]" gridrow="28" pageId="15" pageNumber="16"> +<th id="67155DB9FFB70001F78DFA15FEBDFA24" box="[130,307,1448,1470]" gridcol="0" gridrow="28" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">BPBM 175997</th> +<td id="67155DB9FFB70001F6B7FA15FE51FA24" box="[440,479,1448,1470]" gridcol="1" gridrow="28" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">56.0</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB70001F513FA15FDCDFA24" box="[540,579,1448,1470]" gridcol="2" gridrow="28" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">57.0</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB70001F58EFA15FD29FA24" box="[641,679,1448,1470]" gridcol="3" gridrow="28" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">50.0</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB70001F5EAFA15FC85FA24" box="[741,779,1448,1470]" gridcol="4" gridrow="28" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">44.0</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB70001F46FFA15FC47FA24" box="[864,969,1448,1470]" gridcol="5" gridrow="28" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">88%</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB70001F33CFA15FB1AFA24" box="[1075,1172,1448,1470]" gridcol="6" gridrow="28" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">77%</td> +</tr> +<tr id="24C434C5FFB70001F78DFA73FB1AFA7E" box="[130,1172,1486,1508]" gridrow="29" pageId="15" pageNumber="16"> +<th id="67155DB9FFB70001F78DFA73FEBDFA7E" box="[130,307,1486,1508]" gridcol="0" gridrow="29" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">BPBM 179757</th> +<td id="67155DB9FFB70001F6B7FA73FE51FA7E" box="[440,479,1486,1508]" gridcol="1" gridrow="29" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">56.0</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB70001F513FA73FDCDFA7E" box="[540,579,1486,1508]" gridcol="2" gridrow="29" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">57.0</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB70001F58EFA73FD29FA7E" box="[641,679,1486,1508]" gridcol="3" gridrow="29" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">51.0</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB70001F5EAFA73FC85FA7E" box="[741,779,1486,1508]" gridcol="4" gridrow="29" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">46.0</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB70001F46FFA73FC47FA7E" box="[864,969,1486,1508]" gridcol="5" gridrow="29" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">89%</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB70001F33CFA73FB1AFA7E" box="[1075,1172,1486,1508]" gridcol="6" gridrow="29" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">81%</td> +</tr> +<tr id="24C434C5FFB70001F78DFA49FB1AF990" box="[130,1172,1524,1546]" gridrow="30" pageId="15" pageNumber="16"> +<th id="67155DB9FFB70001F78DFA49FEBDF990" box="[130,307,1524,1546]" gridcol="0" gridrow="30" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Mean (x)</th> +<td id="67155DB9FFB70001F6B7FA49FE51F990" box="[440,479,1524,1546]" gridcol="1" gridrow="30" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">53.9</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB70001F513FA49FDCDF990" box="[540,579,1524,1546]" gridcol="2" gridrow="30" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">54.9</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB70001F58EFA49FD29F990" box="[641,679,1524,1546]" gridcol="3" gridrow="30" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">49.1</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB70001F5EAFA49FC85F990" box="[741,779,1524,1546]" gridcol="4" gridrow="30" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">43.1</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB70001F46FFA49FC47F990" box="[864,969,1524,1546]" gridcol="5" gridrow="30" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">89.1%</td> +<td id="67155DB9FFB70001F33CFA49FB1AF990" box="[1075,1172,1524,1546]" gridcol="6" gridrow="30" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">78.6%</td> +</tr> +</table> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="9A4B3687FFB7FFF1F777F9A4FF5DF9AA" blockId="15.[120,211,1561,1584]" box="[120,211,1561,1584]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16"> +<tableNote id="67123709FFB7FFF1F777F9A4FF5DF9AA" box="[120,211,1561,1584]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" targetBox="[130,1172,308,1546]" targetPageId="15"> +<superScript id="6D819BCFFFB7FFF1F777F9A4FFF1F9BD" attach="right" box="[120,127,1561,1575]" fontSize="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">1</superScript> +Holotype +</tableNote> +</paragraph> +<caption id="CE8B660FFFA8FFEEF777FCFBFF5EFC0C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5368553" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5368553" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5368553/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" startId="16.[120,206,838,859]" targetBox="[123,1224,227,808]" targetPageId="16"> +<paragraph id="9A4B3687FFA8FFEEF777FCFBFF5EFC0C" blockId="16.[120,1224,835,918]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17"> +FIGURE 7. +<emphasis id="A880EA95FFA8FFEEF7E2FCFEFE88FCC1" bold="true" box="[237,262,835,859]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">A,</emphasis> +Lateral, +<emphasis id="A880EA95FFA8FFEEF651FCF9FEFAFCC6" bold="true" box="[350,372,836,860]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">B,</emphasis> +anterior, +<emphasis id="A880EA95FFA8FFEEF6D9FCFEFE63FCC1" bold="true" box="[470,493,835,859]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">C,</emphasis> +medial, and +<emphasis id="A880EA95FFA8FFEEF57EFCF9FD05FCC6" bold="true" box="[625,651,836,860]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">D,</emphasis> +posterior views of the humeri of the holotype of +<taxonomicName id="5DF44D04FFA8FFEEF372FCF9FF73FCE3" authorityName="Ziegler & Howarth & Simmons" authorityYear="2016" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Synemporion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="keana"> +<emphasis id="A880EA95FFA8FFEEF372FCF9FF73FCE3" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Synemporion keana</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +(on the left in each pair; BPBM 159269) and +<taxonomicName id="5DF44D04FFA8FFEEF5EDFCDFFC67FCE3" baseAuthorityName="Allen" baseAuthorityYear="1890" box="[738,1001,866,889]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Lasiurus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="cinereus" subSpecies="semotus"> +<emphasis id="A880EA95FFA8FFEEF5EDFCDFFC67FCE3" box="[738,1001,866,889]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Lasiurus cinereus semotus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +(on the right; BPBM 184506). +</paragraph> +</caption> +<paragraph id="9A4B3687FFA8FFEEF7A7FB42FC3CFA60" blockId="16.[120,1224,943,1530]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17"> +The vertebral column and pelvis of +<taxonomicName id="5DF44D04FFA8FFEEF542FABDFD6BFA80" box="[589,741,1280,1306]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Synemporion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="A880EA95FFA8FFEEF542FABDFD6BFA80" box="[589,741,1280,1306]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Synemporion</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +are unremarkable and resemble those of other vespertilionids. There is no evidence of vertebral fusion other than in the sacrum. The femur is of usual vespertilionid morphology with the lesser trochanter projecting further proximally than greater trochanter, each distal condyle markedly compressed mediolaterally, and an intercondylar notch that is narrow and deep. The tibia is relatively long and slender, and the fibula is ossified for approximately half of the length of the tibia, the remainder being either threadlike or cartilaginous (not preserved among the material found). +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +</treatment> +</document> \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/7B/05/07/7B0507CD145355E5BE2483370FC43629.xml b/data/7B/05/07/7B0507CD145355E5BE2483370FC43629.xml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..8e10db6d80e --- /dev/null +++ b/data/7B/05/07/7B0507CD145355E5BE2483370FC43629.xml @@ -0,0 +1,357 @@ +<document id="690CD0C0BBF95B269F999FCE2A7497D9" ID-DOI="10.3897/zookeys.1216.129803" ID-ZooBank="2312FE20-8C12-48B2-8D97-CFC920CCF5C2" ID-publisher-id="129803" URI-arpha="A3CDEAEA-9B77-5E53-AEA4-E47BCCB892F1" URI-zoobank="http://zoobank.org/2312FE20-8C12-48B2-8D97-CFC920CCF5C2" XM.bibliography_approvedBy="admin" XM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="admin" XM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="admin" XM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="admin" article-type="research-article" checkinTime="1729695835341" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Tong, Xiaoli, Zhou, Zhiheng & Wu, Bangyi" docDate="2024" docId="7B0507CD145355E5BE2483370FC43629" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1216: 115-148" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1216" docSource="https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/129803/download/xml/" docStyle="DocumentStyle:PensoftTaxPub.0000.journal_article.generic" docStyleName="PensoftTaxPub.0000.journal_article.generic" docTitle="Megabranchiella longusa Phlai-ngam & Tungpairojwong 2022" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" dtd-version="3.0" lastPageNumber="148" masterDocId="A3CDEAEA9B775E53AEA4E47BCCB892F1" masterDocTitle="First contribution to the genera Branchiobaetis and Megabranchiella (Ephemeroptera, Baetidae) in China, with descriptions of two new species" masterLastPageNumber="148" masterPageNumber="115" pageNumber="115" updateTime="1729698259975" updateUser="admin"> +<mods:mods id="755A32694305E9853026962FF0ACAF13" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3"> +<mods:titleInfo id="7324FDC639526CB87046CA30944750B3"> +<mods:title id="D4F512C5B39E7B2EEAC1C8DD2FD604F7">First contribution to the genera Branchiobaetis and Megabranchiella (Ephemeroptera, Baetidae) in China, with descriptions of two new species</mods:title> +</mods:titleInfo> +<mods:name id="909DD3092B7F5BFA50ED8841F6034D8E" type="personal"> +<mods:role id="406BBF379749DA11C8750826BA6D1339"> +<mods:roleTerm id="801E994DB18FF33EB1B356C0E95976B9">Author</mods:roleTerm> +</mods:role> +<mods:namePart id="C1242F668CF1BA01F2F4B0C7DC855D64">Tong, Xiaoli</mods:namePart> +<mods:nameIdentifier id="DD1C3C85AE42B5D3542422D12CC409DD" type="ORCID">0000-0003-1731-229X</mods:nameIdentifier> +<mods:affiliation id="E0C31F4E6C2B49709DB247D63928D1D1">Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong Province, China</mods:affiliation> +</mods:name> +<mods:name id="E4B380CE40CB2B2BFCB87F339DF089CE" type="personal"> +<mods:role id="4CA267BD0F1EC775A5A63AA9BE7E9072"> +<mods:roleTerm id="71039EC31B107A05CE0BD315D6F37A9D">Author</mods:roleTerm> +</mods:role> +<mods:namePart id="8A41C6C69879E65ADD38A8E843574264">Zhou, Zhiheng</mods:namePart> +<mods:nameIdentifier id="AFEFE83D42925C9122CB339DCB5782E7" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0763-8713</mods:nameIdentifier> +<mods:affiliation id="E1A4D90C627A23A4796D09B7CAFEBB4A">Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong Province, China</mods:affiliation> +</mods:name> +<mods:name id="5A5D567108E1B6A9FB52D90001FDCB74" type="personal"> +<mods:role id="E2A944F6040B7EA6553BBD0EAC62DD61"> +<mods:roleTerm id="70E4227A489D56FD5405605048D0B60F">Author</mods:roleTerm> +</mods:role> +<mods:namePart id="2A5458C618F83699001CDA2D199AF967">Wu, Bangyi</mods:namePart> +<mods:nameIdentifier id="C2EEC93C3419AC50F9504AE3FF5344A9" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6398-5243</mods:nameIdentifier> +<mods:affiliation id="4D099C94BA327932CCD0CC3EC4B52335">Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong Province, China</mods:affiliation> +</mods:name> +<mods:typeOfResource id="C5531BB8428577AEAE6D6C5F54F6C9BA">text</mods:typeOfResource> +<mods:relatedItem id="0AC1192FD3292AC455518E0F9EE0342A" type="host"> +<mods:titleInfo id="7D5F3CB508B9C4B2BBCF3870184DBAF0"> +<mods:title id="322954DCC13930DC28FF95FAEEE07457">ZooKeys</mods:title> +</mods:titleInfo> +<mods:part id="8557ACDD0A85B0C43A45211BF411BF15"> +<mods:date id="D7C446FFEA2FE86B99FCC2EA3BE7236A">2024</mods:date> +<mods:detail id="6F66C62FD1A2CA64AFD776BB36FD5044" type="pubDate"> +<mods:number id="C5EFC3AA36DCB06EDEC3DB8CC9AD5A61">2024-10-23</mods:number> +</mods:detail> +<mods:detail id="0C0C47E3D72F1172D34F7A9B83758B5A" type="volume"> +<mods:number id="4AEC20049EBFB21CFCE97098A2F0FF05">1216</mods:number> +</mods:detail> +<mods:extent id="58F3D3A50CC6E1848B79953C040C05B2" unit="page"> +<mods:start id="C9CD10A431C44F97321C334B6F3AC21E">115</mods:start> +<mods:end id="1D3F7D3D12264F327F19E13A01D7C220">148</mods:end> +</mods:extent> +</mods:part> +</mods:relatedItem> +<mods:classification id="B36702C24D15E221D04D10FF91016176">journal article</mods:classification> +<mods:identifier id="7856CD986469C173CA957BD3F9949E30" type="DOI">10.3897/zookeys.1216.129803</mods:identifier> +<mods:identifier id="CC297157E7FEB0D7C215A4E04917A69A" type="ZooBank">2312FE20-8C12-48B2-8D97-CFC920CCF5C2</mods:identifier> +</mods:mods> +<treatment id="7B0507CD145355E5BE2483370FC43629" ID-arpha="7B0507CD-1453-55E5-BE24-83370FC43629" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7B0507CD145355E5BE2483370FC43629" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/7B0507CD145355E5BE2483370FC43629"> +<subSubSection id="7917D2BBA5378771D117E0803E84F1C2" type="nomenclature"> +<paragraph id="0EC6F48103DBE8F5952B0B4E5E0FA78B"> +<taxonomicName id="1859EBB2A2F515085F6327C9E997648A" authority="Phlai-ngam & Tungpairojwong, 2022" authorityName="Phlai-ngam & Tungpairojwong" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Megabranchiella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longusa"> +<emphasis id="E4A5E020F61AB90B9A774A7B452C4982" italics="true">Megabranchiella longusa</emphasis> +<bibRefCitation id="9025B1C69B189FA44146CA7BEEFC33E7" DOI="10.3897/zookeys.1125.90802" author="Phlai-ngam S & Boonsoong B & Gattolliat J-L & Tungpairojwong N" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pagination="1-31" refId="B30" refString="Phlai-ngam S, Boonsoong B, Gattolliat J-L, Tungpairojwong N (2022) Megabranchiella gen. nov., a new mayfly genus (Ephemeroptera, Baetidae) from Thailand with description of two new species. ZooKeys 1125: 1 - 31. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 1125.90802" title="Megabranchiella gen. nov., a new mayfly genus (Ephemeroptera, Baetidae) from Thailand with description of two new species." volume="1125" year="2022">Phlai-ngam & Tungpairojwong, 2022</bibRefCitation> +</taxonomicName> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="691784401F9222F545E274EBC5315DF9" type="description"> +<paragraph id="7814E571D35FA2782601C6FE7B3E9D83"> +<figureCitation id="97C3B8C5E9B9CBDB9FF24AC390468CE0" captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 18. Larval habitus of Megabranchiella longusa a, b female larva (dorsal view) c female larva (lateral view) d female larva (ventral view)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1216.129803.figure18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1159415">Figs 18</figureCitation> +, +<figureCitation id="EFEC69869D999701C132A84EDF7C3CE9" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figure 19. Megabranchiella longusa a left mandible b right mandible c labrum d labium e maxilla f glossae and paraglossae (left: dorsal view; right: ventral view) g labial palp (dorsal view). Red ellipse encloses dorsal setae." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1216.129803.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1159416">19</figureCitation> +, +<figureCitation id="DA4A3E22AF4C91BE32F67BFB4394CBF1" captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="F20" captionText="Figure 20. Megabranchiella longusa a gills I, III, V, VII b hindwing pad c dorsal margin of femur d villopore of femur. Red arrow indicates hindwing pad. Red ellipse encloses villopore . Scale bar: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1216.129803.figure20" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1159417">20</figureCitation> +, +<figureCitation id="9FC62F5289BC45AA5E7657F68AACC5FC" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="F21" captionText="Figure 21. Megabranchiella longusa a abdominal tergites III – VI b claw c foreleg d notched scales on paraproct surface e paraproct." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1216.129803.figure21" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1159418">21</figureCitation> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="711ADF9CF86F0B981AE9E14A6872DE30" type="reference_group"> +<paragraph id="BD56F91ADD8215A5D30886B1529D3915"> +<treatmentCitationGroup id="4AF83CFB773652B4742775FEFD7B51F0"> +<taxonomicName id="AB77CF6AF8494A7F6E5698F70E088C5A" authorityName="Phlai-ngam & Tungpairojwong" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Megabranchiella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longusa"> +<emphasis id="644A64C39384DD09C043AFA0AA6639CF" italics="true">Megabranchiella longusa</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +<comment id="B35E12B134FDDC7BA45C4D40593782DD"> +: Phlai-ngam & Tungpairojwong in +<treatmentCitation id="344730251D57306B90F99C4A0CBA25FA" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:65816410-4304-459F-85AF-5C372989F48A" author="Phlai-ngam S & Boonsoong B & Gattolliat J-L & Tungpairojwong N" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/31CA90DC3320585B8D2A2FC947835621" page="16" year="2022"> +<bibRefCitation id="0D971743E9C2EC6993F50110E6B723E5" DOI="10.3897/zookeys.1125.90802" author="Phlai-ngam S & Boonsoong B & Gattolliat J-L & Tungpairojwong N" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Phlai-ngam" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" page="16" pagination="1-31" refId="B30" refString="Phlai-ngam S, Boonsoong B, Gattolliat J-L, Tungpairojwong N (2022) Megabranchiella gen. nov., a new mayfly genus (Ephemeroptera, Baetidae) from Thailand with description of two new species. ZooKeys 1125: 1–31. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1125.90802" title="Megabranchiella gen. nov., a new mayfly genus (Ephemeroptera, Baetidae) from Thailand with description of two new species." volume="1125" year="2022">Phlai-ngam et al. 2022: 16</bibRefCitation> +</treatmentCitation> +. +</comment> +</treatmentCitationGroup> +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="SECID0EYMAG" type="material"> +<paragraph id="ACF7D2E7AC04F12F9775E02B4735B312"> +<heading id="25EFB82DBAA49D5FCA9400A075E153F8" reason="title">Material examined.</heading> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="7C7517B0001DCA1F4AE7FBAD40374100"> +<materialsCitation id="0C10E4BC22EF8657059D34B9054B1DEB" collectingDate="2019-03-21" collectorName="Xiaoli Tong" elevation="1112" location="Bajiao River" municipality="Lushui" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-larva="1" stateProvince="Yunnan"> +<specimenCount id="52D505F39DF5EF7158C6EED97943E770" count="1" type="larva">One female larva</specimenCount> +on slide; +<collectingRegion id="50C22880D7B3065F649BDDD1C3DFFE9F" country="China" name="Yunnan">Yunnan</collectingRegion> +, +<collectingMunicipality id="A256D3043719506E1B2D171863FA6628">Lushui</collectingMunicipality> +, +<location id="9185B8D360F113A137C4EC814D420AF0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7B0507CD145355E5BE2483370FC43629:9185B8D360F113A137C4EC814D420AF0" municipality="Lushui" name="Bajiao River" stateProvince="Yunnan">Bajiao River</location> +(a tributary of the Nujiang River, altitude +<quantity id="E8C18FD767DA7E653D598151BF008935" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.112" unit="m" value="1112.0"> +<elevation id="0127BE9DCCAA85EDC5B0758C5912988D" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.112" unit="m" value="1112.0">1112 m</elevation> +</quantity> +); +<date id="8B111518B035682653E13238F8D9C3D1" value="2019-03-21"> +<collectingDate id="F46752890F28DE345366089E3B5506C1" value="2019-03-21">21. iii. 2019</collectingDate> +</date> +; leg. +<collectorName id="7B802439F078E3A10C9EAEC0D14BF44E">Xiaoli Tong</collectorName> +</materialsCitation> +. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="SECID0E4MAG" type="diagnosis"> +<paragraph id="57FD751F91123754B80A7C93B48373DB"> +<heading id="64A719CCF0071A0CCE19EF47A3191433" reason="title">Diagnosis.</heading> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="FB77DA5CF0113D97C82A0DD683642CAD"> +Female larva (Fig. +<figureCitation id="E2D8442CDE6453AE5390ED38D6D375A4" captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 18. Larval habitus of Megabranchiella longusa a, b female larva (dorsal view) c female larva (lateral view) d female larva (ventral view)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1216.129803.figure18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1159415">18 a – d</figureCitation> +), body short and flattened, length ~ 4.0 mm; body colour pattern as Fig. +<figureCitation id="7F5E26FA4F92AD3AE7BD6713495400FA" captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 18. Larval habitus of Megabranchiella longusa a, b female larva (dorsal view) c female larva (lateral view) d female larva (ventral view)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1216.129803.figure18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1159415">18 a – c</figureCitation> +. +<emphasis id="741081D329E9CC0170D2DF5FC2A819D4" bold="true"> +<emphasis id="6B7A4C1BEA9076B39CB086351C76F153" bold="true" italics="true">Head</emphasis> +. +</emphasis> +Labrum nearly semicircular, ~ 1.4 × wider than long; anteromedian notch deep with a small, rounded lobe at base; dorsal surface in distal 1 / 2 with one pair of long, simple setae near midline and irregular row of three medium, simple setae (Fig. +<figureCitation id="8071F42DAAD2F7128DA692B6A9DD6C12" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figure 19. Megabranchiella longusa a left mandible b right mandible c labrum d labium e maxilla f glossae and paraglossae (left: dorsal view; right: ventral view) g labial palp (dorsal view). Red ellipse encloses dorsal setae." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1216.129803.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1159416">19 c</figureCitation> +). Left mandible (Fig. +<figureCitation id="FE58291595D72611A34326DE9C27601B" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figure 19. Megabranchiella longusa a left mandible b right mandible c labrum d labium e maxilla f glossae and paraglossae (left: dorsal view; right: ventral view) g labial palp (dorsal view). Red ellipse encloses dorsal setae." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1216.129803.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1159416">19 a</figureCitation> +), incisor and kinetodontium fused, incisor with four denticles, kinetodontium with six denticles decreasing in length, prostheca robust, apex with six bluntly denticles and one or two long, spine-like denticles; incisor of right mandible with four denticles, kinetodontium with four denticles, inner margin of innermost denticle with row of small denticles; prostheca robust, apex with comb-like structure, with many denticles apically (Fig. +<figureCitation id="048E8C90B644BCA03BCC7884430CF6B7" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figure 19. Megabranchiella longusa a left mandible b right mandible c labrum d labium e maxilla f glossae and paraglossae (left: dorsal view; right: ventral view) g labial palp (dorsal view). Red ellipse encloses dorsal setae." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1216.129803.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1159416">19 b</figureCitation> +). Maxilla (Fig. +<figureCitation id="F9760D74611517DB2D5F69082D178F05" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figure 19. Megabranchiella longusa a left mandible b right mandible c labrum d labium e maxilla f glossae and paraglossae (left: dorsal view; right: ventral view) g labial palp (dorsal view). Red ellipse encloses dorsal setae." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1216.129803.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1159416">19 e</figureCitation> +), galea-lacinia of with three robust canines, base of lacinia with one row of four long, simple setae and one seta perpendicular to lacinia margin; maxillary palp 2 - segmented, apex of segment II with a small cone-shaped projection. Labium (Fig. +<figureCitation id="FDF17DE86535465657D59A1C4FE4ECD8" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figure 19. Megabranchiella longusa a left mandible b right mandible c labrum d labium e maxilla f glossae and paraglossae (left: dorsal view; right: ventral view) g labial palp (dorsal view). Red ellipse encloses dorsal setae." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1216.129803.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1159416">19 d, f</figureCitation> +), glossae shorter and narrower than paraglossae, paraglossae with three rows of long curved setae distoventrally, dorsal surface on distal 1 / 2 with one longitudinal row of two or three long, spine-like setae near inner margin; labial palp 3 - segmented, segment I longer than segments II and III combined, segment II triangular with small protuberance apico-laterally, dorsal surface of segment II with row of two robust, simple setae near distal margin (Fig. +<figureCitation id="23AF028BA57762D5146A3624A1088220" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figure 19. Megabranchiella longusa a left mandible b right mandible c labrum d labium e maxilla f glossae and paraglossae (left: dorsal view; right: ventral view) g labial palp (dorsal view). Red ellipse encloses dorsal setae." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1216.129803.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1159416"> +<quantity id="CAEF9E42FFFFD0FC5E07003BC4ED7257" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="1.9" unit="g" value="19.0">19 g</quantity> +</figureCitation> +). +<emphasis id="ADB910500C5B0C7895444F07EC5339A0" bold="true"> +<emphasis id="E11880A7D92EE8127D671D0A85BFE780" bold="true" italics="true">Thorax</emphasis> +. +</emphasis> +Hindwing pads reduced (Fig. +<figureCitation id="446FC06662B1D564B9AEE49047DC81B2" captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="F20" captionText="Figure 20. Megabranchiella longusa a gills I, III, V, VII b hindwing pad c dorsal margin of femur d villopore of femur. Red arrow indicates hindwing pad. Red ellipse encloses villopore . Scale bar: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1216.129803.figure20" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1159417">20 b</figureCitation> +). Forelegs (Fig. +<figureCitation id="BC334443DE0977714E53A814733BE8EA" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="F21" captionText="Figure 21. Megabranchiella longusa a abdominal tergites III – VI b claw c foreleg d notched scales on paraproct surface e paraproct." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1216.129803.figure21" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1159418">21 c</figureCitation> +), femur with a row of long, robust, pointed setae along dorsal margin, surface with notched scales anteromedially (Fig. +<figureCitation id="CA750FBA61F85A8760BA944D3D3BF25E" captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="F20" captionText="Figure 20. Megabranchiella longusa a gills I, III, V, VII b hindwing pad c dorsal margin of femur d villopore of femur. Red arrow indicates hindwing pad. Red ellipse encloses villopore . Scale bar: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1216.129803.figure20" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1159417">20 c</figureCitation> +), villopore present (Fig. +<figureCitation id="CA889650AE28D18FD0402311ADA053C8" captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="F20" captionText="Figure 20. Megabranchiella longusa a gills I, III, V, VII b hindwing pad c dorsal margin of femur d villopore of femur. Red arrow indicates hindwing pad. Red ellipse encloses villopore . Scale bar: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1216.129803.figure20" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1159417">20 d</figureCitation> +); tibia with a row of long, pointed setae and short, blunt spatulate setae, tibio-patellar suture present; ventral margin of tarsus with one row of four robust, spine-like setae; claws hooked (Fig. +<figureCitation id="CF1651548BAF61A00DC6072B3F6582F4" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="F21" captionText="Figure 21. Megabranchiella longusa a abdominal tergites III – VI b claw c foreleg d notched scales on paraproct surface e paraproct." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1216.129803.figure21" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1159418">21 b</figureCitation> +) with one row of 13 acute teeth, subapical setae absent. Middle and hind legs similar to foreleg in structure. +<emphasis id="5EEB1F3D5A7D067A1008BCD0A022F0D9" bold="true"> +<emphasis id="BF5C39F605B189D1AAF00F737B30D1C6" bold="true" italics="true">Abdomen</emphasis> +. +</emphasis> +Abdominal tergites and sternites with smooth posterior margins (Fig. +<figureCitation id="C6A895ADAB17A379BDDFC7FEC5297DF4" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="F21" captionText="Figure 21. Megabranchiella longusa a abdominal tergites III – VI b claw c foreleg d notched scales on paraproct surface e paraproct." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1216.129803.figure21" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1159418">21 a</figureCitation> +); gills present on abdominal tergites I – VII, gill I oriented ventrally, extremely enlarged and elongated (Fig. +<figureCitation id="64D5F58FD5AD30444341E8DB6DDD93B7" captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="F20" captionText="Figure 20. Megabranchiella longusa a gills I, III, V, VII b hindwing pad c dorsal margin of femur d villopore of femur. Red arrow indicates hindwing pad. Red ellipse encloses villopore . Scale bar: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1216.129803.figure20" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1159417">20 a</figureCitation> +), covering abdominal sternites II – +<collectionCode id="C3D02891F0DF4085241B7C0F75FDB8C0" country="Norway" name="Mykotektet, National Veterinary Institute">VI</collectionCode> +(Fig. +<figureCitation id="BA6CF8A0577FD86C974A2E2CA9D43771" captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 18. Larval habitus of Megabranchiella longusa a, b female larva (dorsal view) c female larva (lateral view) d female larva (ventral view)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1216.129803.figure18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1159415">18 c</figureCitation> +), gills II – VII oriented dorsolaterally, elongated oval similar to tongue blade (Figs +<figureCitation id="2C0D56F67A85E4D5D752D17D5C5690E9" captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 18. Larval habitus of Megabranchiella longusa a, b female larva (dorsal view) c female larva (lateral view) d female larva (ventral view)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1216.129803.figure18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1159415">18 c</figureCitation> +, +<figureCitation id="266032BD738041D3F43EC99C7C94036E" captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="F20" captionText="Figure 20. Megabranchiella longusa a gills I, III, V, VII b hindwing pad c dorsal margin of femur d villopore of femur. Red arrow indicates hindwing pad. Red ellipse encloses villopore . Scale bar: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1216.129803.figure20" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1159417">20 a</figureCitation> +), gill margins with long, fine, hair-like setae, ratio of gill length from I – VII = 3.2: 1.7: 1.7: 1.7: 1.5: 1.3: 1.0; paraproct with smooth margin, without marginal spines or spatulate setae, surface with micropores and patch of notch scales (Fig. +<figureCitation id="58845DEFB993571C44F0E82FC7046E78" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="F21" captionText="Figure 21. Megabranchiella longusa a abdominal tergites III – VI b claw c foreleg d notched scales on paraproct surface e paraproct." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1216.129803.figure21" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1159418">21 d, e</figureCitation> +). +</paragraph> +<caption id="AACDA1D701131120F01A2F0216F60AA2" ID-DOI="10.3897/zookeys.1216.129803.figure18" ID-arpha="45CD6F96-52B4-58D0-9504-C067C5DB192B" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1159415" startId="F18"> +<paragraph id="56138B978A244D7376267A25BD20B2B9"> +<label id="2E55E6558A1CDF946C1ADBDB2B440476">Figure 18.</label> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="6DA27222B03B9B0C740EC3AE948C8E5A"> +Larval habitus of +<taxonomicName id="26FC43E140A2405136DB0D0D23D66026" authorityName="Phlai-ngam & Tungpairojwong" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Megabranchiella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longusa"> +<emphasis id="6C4CD9DB91F8307FB9F76A185564788E" italics="true">Megabranchiella longusa</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +<emphasis id="48096BAB4DE061C4A52188303ADCDBF0" bold="true">a, b</emphasis> +female larva (dorsal view) +<emphasis id="3BEDA483D3BB6EB20FA4F8F84B94835E" bold="true">c</emphasis> +female larva (lateral view) +<emphasis id="834654248390BF5C49E91E23BB8FA2CF" bold="true">d</emphasis> +female larva (ventral view). +</paragraph> +</caption> +<caption id="F2AAAD2F06C8BC9247D4B2A778AF3B0B" ID-DOI="10.3897/zookeys.1216.129803.figure19" ID-arpha="BA9B9430-CD76-57BC-A6EC-DE460E2C1500" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1159416" startId="F19"> +<paragraph id="B0BE2104FAAA92EA5DB4706EEB97631D"> +<label id="302674838E5570E7CD4CF23D25CD7C91">Figure 19.</label> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="B92D7523CBEDC9B3557A9102034F19EF"> +<taxonomicName id="EEEF3B5F0A2691CE34B52CA0D36D442A" authorityName="Phlai-ngam & Tungpairojwong" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Megabranchiella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longusa"> +<emphasis id="40332B99880FAC0C5BC9F9A500D977F5" italics="true">Megabranchiella longusa</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +<emphasis id="5F29580F36ADFB04455B05A1EED2A4EC" bold="true">a</emphasis> +left mandible +<emphasis id="912AC77CCB1856F9C758A414D747DA80" bold="true">b</emphasis> +right mandible +<emphasis id="C69CE3DE6FCE9DD9BA6386BD4BC67308" bold="true">c</emphasis> +labrum +<emphasis id="250F219E8AC3C077F8438192A01B4407" bold="true">d</emphasis> +labium +<emphasis id="426C1A42A5002746848E0790137C7EEE" bold="true">e</emphasis> +maxilla +<emphasis id="7E55930DE59C17722FD4670A1EB52188" bold="true">f</emphasis> +glossae and paraglossae (left: dorsal view; right: ventral view) +<emphasis id="4F7DE117F905862A7953B8CD0428FA1A" bold="true">g</emphasis> +labial palp (dorsal view). Red ellipse encloses dorsal setae. +</paragraph> +</caption> +<caption id="DB51F5D50D8869807C3CACEC9DE93586" ID-DOI="10.3897/zookeys.1216.129803.figure20" ID-arpha="5854585F-F87C-53FC-878C-6A35D138A87C" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1159417" startId="F20"> +<paragraph id="A480D7B99F4C0C5132CB1BFE724444A0"> +<label id="8E558174F558E0DF368BC3426E63FA80">Figure 20.</label> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="4BEF928DF4EDECE52FEEB3281E81DED0"> +<taxonomicName id="AA78F56B922B67784E2019CDE72454E5" authorityName="Phlai-ngam & Tungpairojwong" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Megabranchiella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longusa"> +<emphasis id="42D803E6FCF8A96D78E653BFE422950F" italics="true">Megabranchiella longusa</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +<emphasis id="791EBBE7A83B29AA4A35FA1FA5DA6799" bold="true">a</emphasis> +gills I, III, V, VII +<emphasis id="98154B7252483F39F1FF16DA4F3AF5D1" bold="true">b</emphasis> +hindwing pad +<emphasis id="BF4DD053A6D67B4FF0B2FC5F06106CEE" bold="true">c</emphasis> +dorsal margin of femur +<emphasis id="C6E75CB5A1CA5EF89682558FC2C27C70" bold="true">d</emphasis> +villopore of femur. Red arrow indicates hindwing pad. Red ellipse encloses villopore. Scale bar: 0.1 mm. +</paragraph> +</caption> +<caption id="76E6158FAF30AE30B53F5367D4CDBE6B" ID-DOI="10.3897/zookeys.1216.129803.figure21" ID-arpha="7304CD6A-CCD5-5454-8A35-67CC9F49CA04" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1159418" startId="F21"> +<paragraph id="0FD8762C29E0E4760B3A385B034C148F"> +<label id="B4E83266B51FBAE43FC709B5ABF49875">Figure 21.</label> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="3BD123EF137561246274D217CE2B83AD"> +<taxonomicName id="EE65FAF881337DC39A393A82495B642D" authorityName="Phlai-ngam & Tungpairojwong" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Megabranchiella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longusa"> +<emphasis id="710D3171E79A62B349DC96F8094D6776" italics="true">Megabranchiella longusa</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +<emphasis id="EC44281725E2654573CB51A80C13B2FB" bold="true">a</emphasis> +abdominal tergites III – VI +<emphasis id="8F59A669A8B22C9488F5B06BEDC185DF" bold="true">b</emphasis> +claw +<emphasis id="69E1F6C4ED272C1BCF16CFC3899BF840" bold="true">c</emphasis> +foreleg +<emphasis id="95E25804E79F8CA366746E6E07AD64BA" bold="true">d</emphasis> +notched scales on paraproct surface +<emphasis id="0DDFC6CC8629DD4C78E352DB93BC8295" bold="true">e</emphasis> +paraproct. +</paragraph> +</caption> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="SECID0EBUAG" type="distribution"> +<paragraph id="1E6B16ABB0B82F5B6FE3CA634553E8B4"> +<heading id="A3AED72FDF20DCFB64A4FB9EC2B5051E" reason="title">Distribution</heading> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="9AE782D8DF09D02F21B50369A9A7FD18"> +<emphasis id="4CD95DD29D430010FA394463BE1F1E37" bold="true"> +(Fig. +<figureCitation id="7F2CA5016D05BDF6B6991B7F17C14628" captionStart="Figure 23" captionStartId="F23" captionText="Figure 23. Distribution map of the genera Branchiobaetis and Megabranchiella in China." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1216.129803.figure23" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1159420">23</figureCitation> +). +</emphasis> +<collectingCountry id="B0E7C9AF0E3E4D7F531F373D5211D0A1" name="Thailand">Thailand</collectingCountry> +( +<collectingRegion id="44A763AC910C02507575728076BD74BA" country="Thailand" name="Chiang Mai">Chiang Mai</collectingRegion> +and +<collectingRegion id="97E3BA663F13DA622F1135A27B5A09FF" country="Thailand" name="Nan">Nan</collectingRegion> +Provinces) and +<collectingCountry id="F12BE352A3C22E58218FEADBF8E345AD" name="China">China</collectingCountry> +( +<collectingRegion id="4AFEACD527A4101EFCD73A2CAF0446A2" country="China" name="Yunnan">Yunnan Province</collectingRegion> +). +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="SECID0EOUAG" type="Larval habitat"> +<paragraph id="41979C42D39C6BC4C8074BCADF703844"> +<heading id="E127F249711ADB065C6036107F75847A" reason="title">Larval habitat</heading> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="410012F8E07069C7FC9CE35BFA53A42E"> +<emphasis id="1BB76678004CFEE48EF86E95C25AFB24" bold="true"> +(Fig. +<figureCitation id="260B9A79507CF7A0BE2E7451937DE931" captionStart="Figure 22" captionStartId="F22" captionText="Figure 22. Representative sites of larval habitat a Branchiobaetis megasinus sp. nov. Upper reaches of Liuxihe River, Conghua, Guangdong b Branchiobaetis borealis sp. nov. Lapu River, Weixi, Yunnan c Megabranchiella longusa Phlai-ngam & Tungpairojwong. Bajiao River, Lushui, Yunnan." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1216.129803.figure22" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1159419">22 c</figureCitation> +). +</emphasis> +The species was collected in a swift, unshaded stream with cobble substrate at an altitude of ~ +<quantity id="C98C906E2CC228F8F7A0C764F6FAC9C5" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" unit="m" value="1100.0">1100 m</quantity> +in +<collectingRegion id="D5FE65065D244B0360AF8AC6AD7F82CF" country="China" name="Yunnan">Yunnan</collectingRegion> +, +<collectingCountry id="AEBB04DE6A5E74559950367F34FA467C" name="China">China</collectingCountry> +. +</paragraph> +<caption id="E734F55CDE5C3F93E061107AF4D6B391" ID-DOI="10.3897/zookeys.1216.129803.figure22" ID-arpha="069E6CE2-7646-519F-A816-5DD91FA3765A" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1159419" startId="F22"> +<paragraph id="22424D684C246870063804366CE5FEBB"> +<label id="56F0577C2836F1B8953E961A4B6EB429">Figure 22.</label> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="9530F0EF00A4D2336BE596C9D1485074"> +Representative sites of larval habitat +<emphasis id="9E59D429681BE9F1864CA5822608613D" bold="true">a</emphasis> +<taxonomicName id="53E8F674F9247F95764FC867D6F7D2D9" authorityName="Tong & Zhou & Wu" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Branchiobaetis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="megasinus" status="sp. nov."> +<emphasis id="70093FEF7A5D702CE8AFB13DD549B26B" italics="true">Branchiobaetis megasinus</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="B2EB46A2A203332CD605DB5D703C9FCC" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel> +Upper reaches of Liuxihe River, Conghua, Guangdong +<emphasis id="6FC1FEAD3A1F9E671E21C3DE8537F8DD" bold="true">b</emphasis> +<taxonomicName id="8682E8A99D88854E8DD3EB8FD0A5B673" authorityName="Tong & Zhou & Wu" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Branchiobaetis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="borealis" status="sp. nov."> +<emphasis id="35ACC811E9370B8F37772F48BE2F354A" italics="true">Branchiobaetis borealis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +<taxonomicNameLabel id="4E36D61A7AD3D2EA70D81924F3954F44" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel> +Lapu River, Weixi, Yunnan +<emphasis id="E651E44727BA78DE09CCD8C3B69DAC25" bold="true">c</emphasis> +<taxonomicName id="4BD3CDD47C8164096BFE3F413B49CAFE" authorityName="Phlai-ngam & Tungpairojwong" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Megabranchiella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longusa"> +<emphasis id="C5B8ECEA8D24625C75CF0391EC11A3A4" italics="true">Megabranchiella longusa</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +Phlai-ngam & Tungpairojwong. Bajiao River, Lushui, Yunnan. +</paragraph> +</caption> +<caption id="D890B696261A07664BC855C7C4B03879" ID-DOI="10.3897/zookeys.1216.129803.figure23" ID-arpha="C34625C6-D9A3-569C-AB7C-7631EE34DA9A" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1159420" startId="F23"> +<paragraph id="029AB93F551702304BAF318F2AF8C354"> +<label id="11FEFD0F79D7A0789BAE88E7CF537B65">Figure 23.</label> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="41ACD2DA6D0A685C3D36E58977B0DBED"> +Distribution map of the genera +<taxonomicName id="40BCC01ACE8A75F0AC966969F1FC9631" authorityName="Kaltenbach, Kluge & Gattolliat" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Branchiobaetis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="F7CEB6CB77C4E259A6F16815AD7BD47F" italics="true">Branchiobaetis</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +and +<taxonomicName id="83AA10445D6D18EF654518D321A95358" authorityName="Phlai-ngam & Tungpairojwong" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Megabranchiella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="25B08E864997EE2A03B447282E04C450" italics="true">Megabranchiella</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +in China. +</paragraph> +</caption> +</subSubSection> +<subSubSection id="SECID0EKXAG" type="remarks"> +<paragraph id="9E6AC7DF3558D9D69CF6D4819771AF32"> +<heading id="A17DE4CD249073E813BF4B35EC5387F5" reason="title">Remarks.</heading> +</paragraph> +<paragraph id="2BB555D54DCFF9F09D5C21ABE95C5F3D"> +Geographically, this record represents the farthest distribution north of the genus +<taxonomicName id="DEDBCE290659670DAECD997C32BB37CC" authorityName="Phlai-ngam & Tungpairojwong" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Megabranchiella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus"> +<emphasis id="43E80842E6DF0A5E45BDBB2047FB9CFA" italics="true">Megabranchiella</emphasis> +</taxonomicName> +so far. We expect that more species of the genus will be discovered with the expansion of the investigation range in +<collectingCountry id="E1F7B6371B744BB76193BA94B64E6B07" name="China">China</collectingCountry> +. +</paragraph> +</subSubSection> +</treatment> +</document> \ No newline at end of file