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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.9.e69374" ID-PMC="PMC8382665" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2828-9-e69374" ID-Pensoft-UUID="91A33656E61E53B589978E006B8050B6" ID-PubMed="34475799" ModsDocID="1314-2828-9-e69374" checkinTime="1629125362331" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Verhaegen, Gerlien, Cimoli, Emiliano &amp; Lindsay, Dhugal" docDate="2021" docId="158D3806104E54C6B2630013992ECD3C" docLanguage="en" docName="BiodivDatJour 9: e69374" docOrigin="Biodiversity Data Journal 9" docPubDate="2021-08-16" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.9.e69374" docTitle="Callianira fam subsp. sp . A" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" id="91A33656E61E53B589978E006B8050B6" lastPageNumber="69374" masterDocId="91A33656E61E53B589978E006B8050B6" masterDocTitle="Life beneath the ice: jellyfish and ctenophores from the Ross Sea, Antarctica, with an image-based training set for machine learning" masterLastPageNumber="69374" masterPageNumber="69374" pageNumber="69374" updateTime="1668128803412" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Life beneath the ice: jellyfish and ctenophores from the Ross Sea, Antarctica, with an image-based training set for machine learning</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Verhaegen, Gerlien</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8942-8112</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Advanced Science-Technology Research (ASTER) Program, Institute for Extra-cutting-edge Science and Technology Avant-garde Research (X-star), Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Yokosuka, Japan</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">gerlienverhaegen@hotmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Cimoli, Emiliano</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7964-2716</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, College of Sciences and Engineering, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia &amp; Discipline of Geography and Spatial Sciences, School of Technology, Environments and Design, College of Sciences and Engineering, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Lindsay, Dhugal</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8985-4744</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Advanced Science-Technology Research (ASTER) Program, Institute for Extra-cutting-edge Science and Technology Avant-garde Research (X-star), Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Yokosuka, Japan</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Biodiversity Data Journal</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2021-08-16</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>9</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>69374</mods:start>
<mods:end>69374</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.9.e69374</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.9.e69374</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2828-9-e69374</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">91A33656E61E53B589978E006B8050B6</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:158D3806104E54C6B2630013992ECD3C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/158D3806104E54C6B2630013992ECD3C" lastPageNumber="69374" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="69374" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="69374">
<taxonomicName LSID="158D3806-104E-54C6-B263-0013992ECD3C" authority=". A" class="Hydrozoa" family="Pleurobrachiidae" genus="Callianira" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Pteropoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subSpecies" species="fam" subSpecies="sp">&quot;fam. Mertensiidae&quot; sp. A</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="69374" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="69374">Materials</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="69374">
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2019-11-15" collectingMethod="Sony Alpha 7 III camera equipped with a FE 90 mm F 2.8 Macro G OSS lens" collectorName="Identification, Dhugal Lindsay, Event, Sony Alpha, Macro G, Record Level, StillImage, Video" country="Antarctica" county="McMurdo Sound" determinerName="Dhugal Lindsay" latitude="-77.637" location="Occurrence" longitude="166.401" municipality="Location" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="Other material">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374">Type status:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2019-11-15" collectingMethod="Sony Alpha 7 III camera equipped with a FE 90 mm F 2.8 Macro G OSS lens" collectorName="Identification, Dhugal Lindsay, Event, Sony Alpha, Macro G, Record Level, StillImage, Video, Emiliano Cimoli Type" country="Antarctica" county="McMurdo Sound" determinerName="Dhugal Lindsay" latitude="-77.637" location="Occurrence" longitude="166.401" municipality="Location" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="Other material">
<typeStatus pageId="0" pageNumber="69374">Other material</typeStatus>
.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374">
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:158D3806104E54C6B2630013992ECD3C:7F4A12D805F3B986A5010885A6F1903A" country="Antarctica" county="McMurdo Sound" latitude="-77.637" longitude="166.401" municipality="Location" name="Occurrence">Occurrence</location>
:
</emphasis>
individualID: MCMEC2019_
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:158D3806104E54C6B2630013992ECD3C:3065BDB6B932BD259B8791B5E4F59B9E" country="Antarctica" county="McMurdo Sound" latitude="-77.637" longitude="166.401" municipality="Location" name="Mertensiidae">Mertensiidae</location>
_sp_A_a; associatedMedia: &quot;http://morphobank.org/permalink/?P3993&quot;, &quot;https://youtu.be/dKELHUITnlg&quot;, &quot;https://youtu.be/GE6WgN8VBdw&quot;, &quot;https://youtu.be/0W2HHLW71Pw&quot;;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374">
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:158D3806104E54C6B2630013992ECD3C:8A892CC10C56AB4EDC636C1773B41FDB" country="Antarctica" county="McMurdo Sound" latitude="-77.637" longitude="166.401" municipality="Location" name="Taxon">Taxon</location>
:
</emphasis>
kingdom:
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:158D3806104E54C6B2630013992ECD3C:14EA00F108AFA499030A8CBAC049BCD7" country="Antarctica" county="McMurdo Sound" latitude="-77.637" longitude="166.401" municipality="Location" name="Animalia">Animalia</location>
; phylum:
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:158D3806104E54C6B2630013992ECD3C:1A4DDCB21D2B9E7382BC23819C3CADEB" country="Antarctica" county="McMurdo Sound" latitude="-77.637" longitude="166.401" municipality="Location" name="Ctenophora">Ctenophora</location>
; class:
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:158D3806104E54C6B2630013992ECD3C:80695C914B606FEF0263A551754D180A" country="Antarctica" county="McMurdo Sound" latitude="-77.637" longitude="166.401" municipality="Location" name="Tentaculata">Tentaculata</location>
; order:
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:158D3806104E54C6B2630013992ECD3C:0A33601DA13F0D9636DC8DCE371D3AC3" country="Antarctica" county="McMurdo Sound" latitude="-77.637" longitude="166.401" municipality="Location" name="Cydippida">Cydippida</location>
; family:
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:158D3806104E54C6B2630013992ECD3C:3BC67202BBFB9CD1FA885D3AA84CEB61" country="Antarctica" county="McMurdo Sound" latitude="-77.637" longitude="166.401" municipality="Location" name="Mertensiidae">Mertensiidae</location>
;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374">
<collectingMunicipality>Location</collectingMunicipality>
:
</emphasis>
continent:
<collectingCountry name="Antarctica">Antarctica</collectingCountry>
; waterBody:
<collectingCounty>McMurdo Sound</collectingCounty>
; maximumDepthInMeters: 1; decimalLatitude:
<geoCoordinate orientation="latitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374" value="-77.637">-77.637</geoCoordinate>
; decimalLongitude:
<geoCoordinate orientation="longitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374" value="166.401">166.401</geoCoordinate>
;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374">
<collectorName>Identification</collectorName>
:
</emphasis>
identifiedBy:
<determinerName pageId="0" pageNumber="69374">
<collectorName>Dhugal Lindsay</collectorName>
</determinerName>
;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374">
<collectorName>Event</collectorName>
:
</emphasis>
samplingProtocol:
<collectingMethod pageId="0" pageNumber="69374">
<collectorName>Sony Alpha</collectorName>
7 III camera equipped with a FE
<quantity metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" unit="mm" value="90.0">90mm</quantity>
F2.8
<collectorName>Macro G</collectorName>
OSS lens
</collectingMethod>
; eventDate:
<collectingDate pageId="0" pageNumber="69374" value="2019-11-15">2019-11-15</collectingDate>
;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374">
<collectorName>Record Level</collectorName>
:
</emphasis>
type:
<collectorName>StillImage</collectorName>
,
<collectorName>Video</collectorName>
; language: en; rightsHolder:
<collectorName>
Emiliano Cimoli
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2019-11-29" collectingMethod="Sony Alpha 7 III camera equipped with a FE 90 mm F 2.8 Macro G OSS lens" collectorName="Identification, Dhugal Lindsay, Event, Sony Alpha, Macro G, Record Level, Video" country="Antarctica" county="McMurdo Sound" determinerName="Dhugal Lindsay" latitude="-77.637" location="Occurrence" longitude="166.401" municipality="Location" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="Other material">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374">Type status:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2019-11-29" collectingMethod="Sony Alpha 7 III camera equipped with a FE 90 mm F 2.8 Macro G OSS lens" collectorName="Identification, Dhugal Lindsay, Event, Sony Alpha, Macro G, Record Level, Video, Emiliano Cimoli Type" country="Antarctica" county="McMurdo Sound" determinerName="Dhugal Lindsay" latitude="-77.637" location="Occurrence" longitude="166.401" municipality="Location" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="Other material">
<typeStatus pageId="0" pageNumber="69374">Other material</typeStatus>
.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374">
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:158D3806104E54C6B2630013992ECD3C:AA1B87A6767D5389499CE4FDBDBDE842" country="Antarctica" county="McMurdo Sound" latitude="-77.637" longitude="166.401" municipality="Location" name="Occurrence">Occurrence</location>
:
</emphasis>
individualID: MCMEC2019_
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:158D3806104E54C6B2630013992ECD3C:F011ECC8E0E3E3FDBFA5FF2EFF1D24A6" country="Antarctica" county="McMurdo Sound" latitude="-77.637" longitude="166.401" municipality="Location" name="Mertensiidae">Mertensiidae</location>
_sp_A_b; associatedMedia: &quot;https://youtu.be/pvXYlQGZIVg&quot;;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374">
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:158D3806104E54C6B2630013992ECD3C:00DF63E0DA651A12B0780ABC993861C3" country="Antarctica" county="McMurdo Sound" latitude="-77.637" longitude="166.401" municipality="Location" name="Taxon">Taxon</location>
:
</emphasis>
kingdom:
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:158D3806104E54C6B2630013992ECD3C:D956666B8902AF06F24599A3BFC495F9" country="Antarctica" county="McMurdo Sound" latitude="-77.637" longitude="166.401" municipality="Location" name="Animalia">Animalia</location>
; phylum:
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:158D3806104E54C6B2630013992ECD3C:266E2320E1AA45D265AFF8487C860935" country="Antarctica" county="McMurdo Sound" latitude="-77.637" longitude="166.401" municipality="Location" name="Ctenophora">Ctenophora</location>
; class:
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:158D3806104E54C6B2630013992ECD3C:D853884A4B9699C73F567A45BA0841C2" country="Antarctica" county="McMurdo Sound" latitude="-77.637" longitude="166.401" municipality="Location" name="Tentaculata">Tentaculata</location>
; order:
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:158D3806104E54C6B2630013992ECD3C:70CA7E4E56652A7C6E052BD6D4E38462" country="Antarctica" county="McMurdo Sound" latitude="-77.637" longitude="166.401" municipality="Location" name="Cydippida">Cydippida</location>
; family:
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:158D3806104E54C6B2630013992ECD3C:18F86D9636A3D3D4C5663CC4B067391C" country="Antarctica" county="McMurdo Sound" latitude="-77.637" longitude="166.401" municipality="Location" name="Mertensiidae">Mertensiidae</location>
;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374">
<collectingMunicipality>Location</collectingMunicipality>
:
</emphasis>
continent:
<collectingCountry name="Antarctica">Antarctica</collectingCountry>
; waterBody:
<collectingCounty>McMurdo Sound</collectingCounty>
; maximumDepthInMeters: 1; decimalLatitude:
<geoCoordinate orientation="latitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374" value="-77.637">-77.637</geoCoordinate>
; decimalLongitude:
<geoCoordinate orientation="longitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374" value="166.401">166.401</geoCoordinate>
;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374">
<collectorName>Identification</collectorName>
:
</emphasis>
identifiedBy:
<determinerName pageId="0" pageNumber="69374">
<collectorName>Dhugal Lindsay</collectorName>
</determinerName>
;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374">
<collectorName>Event</collectorName>
:
</emphasis>
samplingProtocol:
<collectingMethod pageId="0" pageNumber="69374">
<collectorName>Sony Alpha</collectorName>
7 III camera equipped with a FE
<quantity metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" unit="mm" value="90.0">90mm</quantity>
F2.8
<collectorName>Macro G</collectorName>
OSS lens
</collectingMethod>
; eventDate:
<collectingDate pageId="0" pageNumber="69374" value="2019-11-29">2019-11-29</collectingDate>
;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374">
<collectorName>Record Level</collectorName>
:
</emphasis>
type:
<collectorName>Video</collectorName>
; language: en; rightsHolder:
<collectorName>
Emiliano Cimoli
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2018-11-27" collectingMethod="NIKON D 500 camera equipped with a TAMRON SP 90 mm F 2.8 Di Macro VC USD F 017 N lens" collectorName="Identification, Dhugal Lindsay, Event, Di Macro VC, Record Level, StillImage" country="Antarctica" county="McMurdo Sound" determinerName="Dhugal Lindsay" latitude="-77.637" location="Occurrence" longitude="166.401" municipality="Location" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="Other material">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374">Type status:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2018-11-27" collectingMethod="NIKON D 500 camera equipped with a TAMRON SP 90 mm F 2.8 Di Macro VC USD F 017 N lens" collectorName="Identification, Dhugal Lindsay, Event, Di Macro VC, Record Level, StillImage, Emiliano Cimoli Type" country="Antarctica" county="McMurdo Sound" determinerName="Dhugal Lindsay" latitude="-77.637" location="Occurrence" longitude="166.401" municipality="Location" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="Other material">
<typeStatus pageId="0" pageNumber="69374">Other material</typeStatus>
.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374">
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:158D3806104E54C6B2630013992ECD3C:5C9601950ED25ACCE7AEDE41CC1FA96B" country="Antarctica" county="McMurdo Sound" latitude="-77.637" longitude="166.401" municipality="Location" name="Occurrence">Occurrence</location>
:
</emphasis>
individualID: MCMEC2018_
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:158D3806104E54C6B2630013992ECD3C:07DA566880A00C424F674FA24EA99B19" country="Antarctica" county="McMurdo Sound" latitude="-77.637" longitude="166.401" municipality="Location" name="Mertensiidae">Mertensiidae</location>
_sp_A_c; associatedMedia: http://morphobank.org/permalink/?P3993;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374">
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:158D3806104E54C6B2630013992ECD3C:2A240D9A01E37C71CD7EC0686D325B05" country="Antarctica" county="McMurdo Sound" latitude="-77.637" longitude="166.401" municipality="Location" name="Taxon">Taxon</location>
:
</emphasis>
kingdom:
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:158D3806104E54C6B2630013992ECD3C:620A6CCED7369815BEF2BFBC1D401BAB" country="Antarctica" county="McMurdo Sound" latitude="-77.637" longitude="166.401" municipality="Location" name="Animalia">Animalia</location>
; phylum:
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:158D3806104E54C6B2630013992ECD3C:D7778BE3B3AE8A4D3E063F28AD865BB3" country="Antarctica" county="McMurdo Sound" latitude="-77.637" longitude="166.401" municipality="Location" name="Ctenophora">Ctenophora</location>
; class:
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:158D3806104E54C6B2630013992ECD3C:B148939C38A576EB3C423583BF717196" country="Antarctica" county="McMurdo Sound" latitude="-77.637" longitude="166.401" municipality="Location" name="Tentaculata">Tentaculata</location>
; order:
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:158D3806104E54C6B2630013992ECD3C:E5A67B3929BAA87F79A19D888C02232F" country="Antarctica" county="McMurdo Sound" latitude="-77.637" longitude="166.401" municipality="Location" name="Cydippida">Cydippida</location>
; family:
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:158D3806104E54C6B2630013992ECD3C:8785F4BC4331894EFF678164D3398B30" country="Antarctica" county="McMurdo Sound" latitude="-77.637" longitude="166.401" municipality="Location" name="Mertensiidae">Mertensiidae</location>
;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374">
<collectingMunicipality>Location</collectingMunicipality>
:
</emphasis>
continent:
<collectingCountry name="Antarctica">Antarctica</collectingCountry>
; waterBody:
<collectingCounty>McMurdo Sound</collectingCounty>
; maximumDepthInMeters: 1; decimalLatitude:
<geoCoordinate orientation="latitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374" value="-77.637">-77.637</geoCoordinate>
; decimalLongitude:
<geoCoordinate orientation="longitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374" value="166.401">166.401</geoCoordinate>
;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374">
<collectorName>Identification</collectorName>
:
</emphasis>
identifiedBy:
<determinerName pageId="0" pageNumber="69374">
<collectorName>Dhugal Lindsay</collectorName>
</determinerName>
;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374">
<collectorName>Event</collectorName>
:
</emphasis>
samplingProtocol:
<collectingMethod pageId="0" pageNumber="69374">
NIKON D500 camera equipped with a TAMRON SP
<quantity metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" unit="mm" value="90.0">90mm</quantity>
F2.8
<collectorName>Di Macro VC</collectorName>
USD F017N lens
</collectingMethod>
; eventDate:
<collectingDate pageId="0" pageNumber="69374" value="2018-11-27">2018-11-27</collectingDate>
;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374">
<collectorName>Record Level</collectorName>
:
</emphasis>
type:
<collectorName>StillImage</collectorName>
; language: en; rightsHolder:
<collectorName>
Emiliano Cimoli
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2018-11-29" collectingMethod="NIKON D 500 camera equipped with a TAMRON SP 90 mm F 2.8 Di Macro VC USD F 017 N lens" collectorName="Identification, Dhugal Lindsay, Event, Di Macro VC, Record Level, StillImage" country="Antarctica" county="McMurdo Sound" determinerName="Dhugal Lindsay" latitude="-77.637" location="Occurrence" longitude="166.401" municipality="Location" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="Other material">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374">Type status:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2018-11-29" collectingMethod="NIKON D 500 camera equipped with a TAMRON SP 90 mm F 2.8 Di Macro VC USD F 017 N lens" collectorName="Identification, Dhugal Lindsay, Event, Di Macro VC, Record Level, StillImage, Emiliano Cimoli Type" country="Antarctica" county="McMurdo Sound" determinerName="Dhugal Lindsay" latitude="-77.637" location="Occurrence" longitude="166.401" municipality="Location" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="Other material">
<typeStatus pageId="0" pageNumber="69374">Other material</typeStatus>
.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374">
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:158D3806104E54C6B2630013992ECD3C:C85A5CA70852A646EB7079291AE0E8BB" country="Antarctica" county="McMurdo Sound" latitude="-77.637" longitude="166.401" municipality="Location" name="Occurrence">Occurrence</location>
:
</emphasis>
individualID: MCMEC2018_
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:158D3806104E54C6B2630013992ECD3C:7898ADDAEA540FF3CC8F59EEFD8D6CA5" country="Antarctica" county="McMurdo Sound" latitude="-77.637" longitude="166.401" municipality="Location" name="Mertensiidae">Mertensiidae</location>
_sp_A_d; associatedMedia: http://morphobank.org/permalink/?P3993;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374">
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:158D3806104E54C6B2630013992ECD3C:481A253D6188517DFA800EFA5E7707C9" country="Antarctica" county="McMurdo Sound" latitude="-77.637" longitude="166.401" municipality="Location" name="Taxon">Taxon</location>
:
</emphasis>
kingdom:
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; phylum:
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; class:
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; order:
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; family:
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continent:
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<collectorName>Event</collectorName>
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<collectorName>Record Level</collectorName>
:
</emphasis>
type:
<collectorName>StillImage</collectorName>
; language: en; rightsHolder:
<collectorName>
Emiliano Cimoli
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374">Type status:</emphasis>
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:158D3806104E54C6B2630013992ECD3C:61771C3701F2BD0337C26DDEF3EC99F8" country="Antarctica" county="GoPro Hero" latitude="-77.637" longitude="166.401" municipality="Seabotix" name="Occurrence">Occurrence</location>
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:158D3806104E54C6B2630013992ECD3C:2D4219BA0BA5ABDFA017AE92D9BA66B5" country="Antarctica" county="GoPro Hero" latitude="-77.637" longitude="166.401" municipality="Seabotix" name="Taxon">Taxon</location>
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kingdom:
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; phylum:
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; class:
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; order:
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; family:
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;
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:158D3806104E54C6B2630013992ECD3C:03C481C32BE0F6BA13528C7593037FAD" country="Antarctica" county="GoPro Hero" latitude="-77.637" longitude="166.401" municipality="Seabotix" name="Location">Location</location>
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</emphasis>
continent:
<collectingCountry name="Antarctica">Antarctica</collectingCountry>
; waterBody:
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</emphasis>
identifiedBy:
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:158D3806104E54C6B2630013992ECD3C:62FF96FBD2E7808D0073D0BFFAC215EF" country="Antarctica" county="GoPro Hero" latitude="-77.637" longitude="166.401" municipality="Seabotix" name="Dhugal Lindsay">Dhugal Lindsay</location>
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:
</emphasis>
samplingProtocol:
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<collectingMunicipality>Seabotix</collectingMunicipality>
LBV-300 ROV equipped with a
<collectingCounty>GoPro Hero</collectingCounty>
5
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; eventDate:
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;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374">Record Level:</emphasis>
type: StillImage; language: en; rightsHolder: Emiliano Cimoli
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2018-11-27" collectingMethod="NIKON D 500 camera equipped with a TAMRON SP 90 mm F 2.8 Di Macro VC USD F 017 N lens" collectorName="Identification, Dhugal Lindsay, Event, Di Macro VC, Record Level, StillImage, Emiliano Cimoli" country="Antarctica" county="McMurdo Sound" determinerName="Dhugal Lindsay" latitude="-77.637" location="Occurrence" longitude="166.401" municipality="Location" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="Other material">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374">Type status:</emphasis>
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.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374">
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:158D3806104E54C6B2630013992ECD3C:E70AB4DFDC6CBB51EAB2DB45247FC088" country="Antarctica" county="McMurdo Sound" latitude="-77.637" longitude="166.401" municipality="Location" name="Occurrence">Occurrence</location>
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individualID: MCMEC2018_
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:158D3806104E54C6B2630013992ECD3C:6280ECFB24A59DC6D5FD23C9BE9C84D5" country="Antarctica" county="McMurdo Sound" latitude="-77.637" longitude="166.401" municipality="Location" name="Mertensiidae">Mertensiidae</location>
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374">
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:158D3806104E54C6B2630013992ECD3C:094634E16CC74174ADE57895FA69B0CB" country="Antarctica" county="McMurdo Sound" latitude="-77.637" longitude="166.401" municipality="Location" name="Taxon">Taxon</location>
:
</emphasis>
kingdom:
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:158D3806104E54C6B2630013992ECD3C:7A4F5260146B46923BB5E4E30DD27991" country="Antarctica" county="McMurdo Sound" latitude="-77.637" longitude="166.401" municipality="Location" name="Animalia">Animalia</location>
; phylum:
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:158D3806104E54C6B2630013992ECD3C:C3FE8E423C0933BA6CD23B5465EAFDBB" country="Antarctica" county="McMurdo Sound" latitude="-77.637" longitude="166.401" municipality="Location" name="Ctenophora">Ctenophora</location>
; class:
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:158D3806104E54C6B2630013992ECD3C:72CFD060B8B1722C37BCC5FC6885245D" country="Antarctica" county="McMurdo Sound" latitude="-77.637" longitude="166.401" municipality="Location" name="Tentaculata">Tentaculata</location>
; order:
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:158D3806104E54C6B2630013992ECD3C:B9B88D70AAE0199C568052A7B85DF4CD" country="Antarctica" county="McMurdo Sound" latitude="-77.637" longitude="166.401" municipality="Location" name="Cydippida">Cydippida</location>
; family:
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;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374">
<collectingMunicipality>Location</collectingMunicipality>
:
</emphasis>
continent:
<collectingCountry name="Antarctica">Antarctica</collectingCountry>
; waterBody:
<collectingCounty>McMurdo Sound</collectingCounty>
; maximumDepthInMeters: 1; decimalLatitude:
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;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374">
<collectorName>Identification</collectorName>
:
</emphasis>
identifiedBy:
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<collectorName>Dhugal Lindsay</collectorName>
</determinerName>
;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374">
<collectorName>Event</collectorName>
:
</emphasis>
samplingProtocol:
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NIKON D500 camera equipped with a TAMRON SP
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F2.8
<collectorName>Di Macro VC</collectorName>
USD F017N lens
</collectingMethod>
; eventDate:
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;
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<collectorName>Record Level</collectorName>
:
</emphasis>
type:
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; language: en; rightsHolder:
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</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="69374">Distribution</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="69374">first time observation.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="69374" type="notes">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="69374">Notes</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="69374">
Description of the family
<taxonomicName authorityName="L. Agassiz" authorityYear="1860" class="Tentaculata" family="Mertensiidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Cydippida" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374" phylum="Ctenophora" rank="family">Mertensiidae</taxonomicName>
: according to the key to
<taxonomicName authorityName="Peron &amp; Lesueur" authorityYear="1808" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374" phylum="Ctenophora" rank="phylum">Ctenophora</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation author="Licandro, Priscilla" journalOrPublisher="Marine plankton: A practical guide to ecology, methodology, and taxonomy." pageId="0" pageNumber="69374" refId="B7049032" refString="Licandro, Priscilla, Lindsay, Dhugal J, 2017. . Marine plankton: A practical guide to ecology, methodology, and taxonomy. 1" volume="1" year="2017">Licandro and Lindsay (2017)</bibRefCitation>
, our observed specimens should be part of the
<taxonomicName authorityName="L. Agassiz" authorityYear="1860" class="Tentaculata" family="Mertensiidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Cydippida" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374" phylum="Ctenophora" rank="family">Mertensiidae</taxonomicName>
family, excluding the genus
<taxonomicName authorityName="Stechow" authorityYear="1921" class="Tentaculata" family="Lampeidae" genus="Lampea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lampea" order="Cydippida" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374">Lampea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, based on the following morphological characters:
<taxonomicName authorityName="Stechow" authorityYear="1921" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Cydippida" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374" phylum="Mollusca" rank="order">Cydippida</taxonomicName>
with presence of a pair of tentacles exiting aborally from opposite sides of the body, tentacles with tentilla, without oral lobes, tentacle sheath exits towards the aboral pole, tentacle attached at the aboral end of the tentacle bulb, type C internal canal structure. The body, however, is not laterally compressed. A recent phylogenetic study showed that the family
<taxonomicName authorityName="L. Agassiz" authorityYear="1860" class="Tentaculata" family="Mertensiidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Cydippida" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374" phylum="Ctenophora" rank="family">Mertensiidae</taxonomicName>
is non-monophyletic and, therefore, needs revision (
<bibRefCitation author="Townsend, James P." journalOrPublisher="Marine Biodiversity" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374" pagination="1 - 12" refId="B7049085" refString="Townsend, James P., Tassia, Michael G., Damian-Serrano, Alejandro, Whelan, Nathan V., Halanych, Kenneth M., Sweeney, Alison M., 2020. A mesopelagic ctenophore representing a new family, with notes on family-level taxonomy in Ctenophora: Vampyroctena delmarvensis gen. nov. sp. nov. (Vampyroctenidae, fam. nov.). Marine Biodiversity 50 (3): 1 - 12" title="A mesopelagic ctenophore representing a new family, with notes on family-level taxonomy in Ctenophora: Vampyroctena delmarvensis gen. nov. sp. nov. (Vampyroctenidae, fam. nov.)" volume="50" year="2020">Townsend et al. 2020</bibRefCitation>
). We provisionally place this species in the
<taxonomicName authorityName="L. Agassiz" authorityYear="1860" class="Tentaculata" family="Mertensiidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Cydippida" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374" phylum="Ctenophora" rank="family">Mertensiidae</taxonomicName>
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374">sensu lato</emphasis>
, which is also the current assignment of other such orphans, such as the
<taxonomicName authorityName="L. Agassiz" authorityYear="1860" class="Tentaculata" family="Mertensiidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Cydippida" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374" phylum="Ctenophora" rank="family">Mertensiidae</taxonomicName>
sp. of
<bibRefCitation author="Wrobel, David" journalOrPublisher="Sea Challengers, Monterey" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374" refId="B7048250" refString="Wrobel, David, Mills, Claudia, 1998. Pacific coast pelagic invertebrates: a guide to the common gelatinous animals. Sea Challengers, Monterey" title="Pacific coast pelagic invertebrates: a guide to the common gelatinous animals" year="1998">Wrobel and Mills (1998)</bibRefCitation>
: cf. Figure 108. A record for a
<taxonomicName authorityName="L. Agassiz" authorityYear="1860" class="Tentaculata" family="Mertensiidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Cydippida" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374" phylum="Ctenophora" rank="family">Mertensiidae</taxonomicName>
sp. from the Danco coast of the Antarctic Peninsula, appears in
<bibRefCitation author="Whelan, Nathan V" journalOrPublisher="Nature Ecology &amp; Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374" pagination="1737 - 1746" refId="B7084887" refString="Whelan, Nathan V, Kocot, Kevin M, Moroz, Tatiana P, Mukherjee, Krishanu, Williams, Peter, Paulay, Gustav, Moroz, Leonid L, Halanych, Kenneth M, 2017. Ctenophore relationships and their placement as the sister group of other animals. Nature Ecology &amp; Evolution 1: 1737 - 1746" title="Ctenophore relationships and their placement as the sister group of other animals" volume="1" year="2017">Whelan et al. (2017)</bibRefCitation>
with the GenBank accession number MF599321. Figure 3 of the same paper apparently assigns this sequence to a 6.5 mm-long, whitish, elongated &quot;
<taxonomicName authorityName="Stechow" authorityYear="1921" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Cydippida" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374" phylum="Mollusca" rank="order">Cydippida</taxonomicName>
species Antarctica&quot;, but Table S1 in the supplementary material lists both a
<taxonomicName authorityName="L. Agassiz" authorityYear="1860" class="Tentaculata" family="Mertensiidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Cydippida" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374" phylum="Ctenophora" rank="family">Mertensiidae</taxonomicName>
sp. (64.65˚S, 62.396˚W) and a
<taxonomicName authorityName="Stechow" authorityYear="1921" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Cydippida" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374" phylum="Mollusca" rank="order">Cydippida</taxonomicName>
sp. (63.439˚S, 55.453˚W) from Antarctica. Figure 2 in
<bibRefCitation author="Whelan, Nathan V" journalOrPublisher="Nature Ecology &amp; Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374" pagination="1737 - 1746" refId="B7084887" refString="Whelan, Nathan V, Kocot, Kevin M, Moroz, Tatiana P, Mukherjee, Krishanu, Williams, Peter, Paulay, Gustav, Moroz, Leonid L, Halanych, Kenneth M, 2017. Ctenophore relationships and their placement as the sister group of other animals. Nature Ecology &amp; Evolution 1: 1737 - 1746" title="Ctenophore relationships and their placement as the sister group of other animals" volume="1" year="2017">Whelan et al. (2017)</bibRefCitation>
refers to this sequence as
<taxonomicName authorityName="L. Agassiz" authorityYear="1860" class="Tentaculata" family="Mertensiidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Cydippida" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374" phylum="Ctenophora" rank="family">Mertensiidae</taxonomicName>
sp. Antarctica, while all other figures, including Figure 3 with the photograph, refer to this sequence as &quot;
<taxonomicName authorityName="Stechow" authorityYear="1921" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Cydippida" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374" phylum="Mollusca" rank="order">Cydippida</taxonomicName>
species Antarctica&quot;. Although the morphology of the animal in Figure 3 is vastly different from the undescribed species dealt with in the present paper, it is unclear whether the photograph assigned to the Mertensiid sequence in
<bibRefCitation author="Whelan, Nathan V" journalOrPublisher="Nature Ecology &amp; Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374" pagination="1737 - 1746" refId="B7084887" refString="Whelan, Nathan V, Kocot, Kevin M, Moroz, Tatiana P, Mukherjee, Krishanu, Williams, Peter, Paulay, Gustav, Moroz, Leonid L, Halanych, Kenneth M, 2017. Ctenophore relationships and their placement as the sister group of other animals. Nature Ecology &amp; Evolution 1: 1737 - 1746" title="Ctenophore relationships and their placement as the sister group of other animals" volume="1" year="2017">Whelan et al. (2017)</bibRefCitation>
is actually of that animal or whether it is a photo of something completely different. Photographs of &quot;Mertensiid ctenophores&quot; appear in
<bibRefCitation author="Browne, E T" journalOrPublisher="Second Series- Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374" refId="B7350413" refString="Brueggeman P Underwater Field Guide to Ross Island &amp; McMurdo Sound, Antarctica http://peterbrueggeman.com/nsf/fguide/index.html 2021-04-01T00:00:00+03:00" year="1916">Brueggeman (1998)</bibRefCitation>
, but the tentacle bulbs lie parallel to the stomodeum in the first photo and the ridges are far more pronounced in the second photo compared to the present material. We, therefore, infer that other undescribed &quot;mertensiid&quot; species occur in the Ross Sea.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="69374">
Comments on observed material: N = 4 in 2018 and N = 2 in 2019 (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F7048141" captionText="Figure 14. Mertensiidae sp. A. Lateral views (A-D), oral view (E) and aboral view (F) of specimens observed on 27 / 11 / 2018 (MCMEC 2018 _ Mertensiidae _ sp _ A _ c) (A) and 15 / 11 / 2019 (MCMEC 2019 _ Mertensiidae _ sp _ A _ a) (B-F). Abbreviations: ad-c., adradial canal; a. p., anal pore; c. g., ciliary grove; m., mouth; o. t. s. o., oral end opening of tentacle sheath; p. p., polar plate; s. o., tentacle sheath opening; st., statocyst; ss-cr., substomodeal comb row; st-cr., subtentacular comb row; t. b., tentacle bulb. C-H photos courtesy: E. Cimoli." figureDoi="10.3897/BDJ.9.e69374.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/538701" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374">14</figureCitation>
). Body nearly completely spherical, transparent; eight comb rows located equidistantly from each other, of same length, extending 90% of total body length, space between four comb plates ca. equal to width of comb plate, length of comb plates ca. three times inter-comb plate distance; type C internal canal structure (see
<bibRefCitation author="Licandro, Priscilla" journalOrPublisher="Marine plankton: A practical guide to ecology, methodology, and taxonomy." pageId="0" pageNumber="69374" refId="B7049032" refString="Licandro, Priscilla, Lindsay, Dhugal J, 2017. . Marine plankton: A practical guide to ecology, methodology, and taxonomy. 1" volume="1" year="2017">Licandro and Lindsay 2017</bibRefCitation>
); tentacle bulb long (1/3 of total body length), orientated obliquely to the stomodeum (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F7048141" captionText="Figure 14. Mertensiidae sp. A. Lateral views (A-D), oral view (E) and aboral view (F) of specimens observed on 27 / 11 / 2018 (MCMEC 2018 _ Mertensiidae _ sp _ A _ c) (A) and 15 / 11 / 2019 (MCMEC 2019 _ Mertensiidae _ sp _ A _ a) (B-F). Abbreviations: ad-c., adradial canal; a. p., anal pore; c. g., ciliary grove; m., mouth; o. t. s. o., oral end opening of tentacle sheath; p. p., polar plate; s. o., tentacle sheath opening; st., statocyst; ss-cr., substomodeal comb row; st-cr., subtentacular comb row; t. b., tentacle bulb. C-H photos courtesy: E. Cimoli." figureDoi="10.3897/BDJ.9.e69374.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/538701" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374">14</figureCitation>
A) with aboral end located close to stomodeum, at one third from aboral end and oral end the furthest from the stomodeum, at one third of oral end, colour dark brown on the outside with salmon-coloured groove facing stomodeum; tentacles thick, dark red when leaving the aboral end of tentacle bulb, with light pink tentilla; tentacle sheath opening very long or situated within a deep lateral groove, running from close to polar plate (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F7048141" captionText="Figure 14. Mertensiidae sp. A. Lateral views (A-D), oral view (E) and aboral view (F) of specimens observed on 27 / 11 / 2018 (MCMEC 2018 _ Mertensiidae _ sp _ A _ c) (A) and 15 / 11 / 2019 (MCMEC 2019 _ Mertensiidae _ sp _ A _ a) (B-F). Abbreviations: ad-c., adradial canal; a. p., anal pore; c. g., ciliary grove; m., mouth; o. t. s. o., oral end opening of tentacle sheath; p. p., polar plate; s. o., tentacle sheath opening; st., statocyst; ss-cr., substomodeal comb row; st-cr., subtentacular comb row; t. b., tentacle bulb. C-H photos courtesy: E. Cimoli." figureDoi="10.3897/BDJ.9.e69374.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/538701" pageId="0" pageNumber="69374">14</figureCitation>
F) to about the height of the middle of the tentacle bulb; polar plate straight line; no ciliary ring encircling polar plate; two anal pores on both sides of statocyst; length of comb plates equal to six times the space between plates; stomodeum length up to aboral end of tentacle bulbs.
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