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<document ID-CLB-Dataset="297075" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.7316519" ID-GBIF-Dataset="7e8b8d63-711e-4456-bdce-b4c77868fda7" ID-ISBN="0-8018-8221-4" checkinTime="1670905182117" checkinUser="guido" docAuthor="Wilson, Don E. &amp; Reeder, DeeAnn" docDate="2005" docId="152F03EB8C9FB95BB9B77FECA4AF7B63" docLanguage="en" docName="MammalSpeciesofTheWorld.2005.Molossidae.432-451.xml" docOrigin="Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 1, Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press" docTitle="Mormopterus Peters 1865" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="3B127064EB7DDB182ED4ED54593B25D0" lastPageNumber="444" masterDocId="3B127064EB7DDB182ED4ED54593B25D0" masterDocTitle="Order Chiroptera - Family Molossidae" masterLastPageNumber="451" masterPageNumber="432" pageNumber="444" updateTime="1716777726396" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="17D314DC09C196B0837A6CFB9ECC1774">
<mods:title id="0FEB471DB37402F8D678A68E331FC648">Order Chiroptera - Family Molossidae</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="B2D8554D1450B653430AD68B1ABCCE3D" type="personal">
<mods:role id="21D58DA175441FE63924CCF4BC627D25">
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<mods:namePart id="085EDC8D6A0725BB201DC835128B9B17">Wilson, Don E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9F63B9C3B4784F68A1CE8C2BB9CDAB12">Reeder, DeeAnn</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="4E8C21D9BB22A2CC3644962B33D0A66A">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:dateIssued id="A5AA4508E5A568A5E4BE31EC2AE51AAD">2005</mods:dateIssued>
<mods:publisher id="97647BD3CFED9D73F95B8C9281B9E319">The Johns Hopkins University Press</mods:publisher>
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<mods:titleInfo id="82EC283705324BA5E65D108A00C834FA">
<mods:title id="852CFC674BDF57078D3FB0D169E3D7F6">Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 1</mods:title>
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<mods:classification id="6124D7AEB75980D2D2B9CFB611DBA43C">book chapter</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="2F100F67B8B4C78F42AE58F61ECEF5FF" type="ISBN">0-8018-8221-4</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="61DD156515C8082649E18133450C2E6E" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.7316519</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="152F03EB8C9FB95BB9B77FECA4AF7B63" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11330333" ID-GBIF-Taxon="231535656" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11330333" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:152F03EB8C9FB95BB9B77FECA4AF7B63" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/152F03EB8C9FB95BB9B77FECA4AF7B63" lastPageNumber="444" pageNumber="444" sourceUrl="http://www.departments.bucknell.edu/biology/resources/msw3/browse.asp?id=13801697">
<subSubSection id="D7BA26D28E7CD1CACE24A29A23C4A9E0" pageNumber="444" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8DDC497E9B74ABE78DE800A8C423E975" pageNumber="444">
<taxonomicName id="8F699E051CCE61338F8169939160BDCF" ID-CoL="5V9B" authority="Peters 1865" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1865" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Mormopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageNumber="444" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F78BCA3F017A2B7D5A80E90E445C7D3F" italics="true" pageNumber="444">Mormopterus</emphasis>
Peters 1865
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="97A4BA580E0884D055FA4427665B7B09" pageNumber="444" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="CA7923E1AA67639F634E34FCE2791E6A" pageNumber="444">
<treatmentCitation id="8E246A31A7F623ECED7ECA6AABDE1931" author="Peters" authority="Peters 1865" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1865" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Mormopterus" journal="Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" page="258" pageNumber="444" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" title="Mormopterus" volume="1865" year="1865">
<taxonomicName id="F0ECF8DEEEE167E42D5EEB0B8277AE20" ID-CoL="5V9B" authority="Peters 1865" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1865" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Mormopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageNumber="444" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C41893BB4C0EDE952B6F4A3A89599CA9" italics="true" pageNumber="444">Mormopterus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="B62BC8195359DCEE809B8319B4A8FDD3" author="Peters, W." refId="ref282159" refString="Peters, W. 1865. Note on the systematic position of Platacanthomys lasiurus. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1865: 397 - 399." year="1865">Peters 1865</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<bibCitation id="5BE17262B6DBB7D42BAE9DBBF65203B0" author="Peters" journal="Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin" pageNumber="444" pagination="258" title="Mormopterus" volume="1865" year="1865">Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1865: 258</bibCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="BB8AB852C59725650C65471415DFE300" pageNumber="444" type="type_taxon">
<paragraph id="7387C5AA2346AE839E1087E0861A583C" pageNumber="444">
<emphasis id="05B464D01F3C48553E1C83A115551234" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="444">Type Species:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="8EC2E04005594419EDD498776A554B12" authority="Peters 1865" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1865" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Nyctinomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageNumber="444" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jugularis" subGenus="Mormopterus">
<emphasis id="EEC0471485D36AB8FE8CEA1D64BCFE97" italics="true" pageNumber="444">Nyctinomus (Mormopterus) jugularis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4A7998164F6F231CC13E573C7644C53D" author="Peters, W." refId="ref282159" refString="Peters, W. 1865. Note on the systematic position of Platacanthomys lasiurus. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1865: 397 - 399." year="1865">Peters 1865</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="BDC8C444639F9EA57BC0123293D92F5F" pageNumber="444" type="synonym_list">
<paragraph id="D649EAF3AF8CADC930049F724D1E1C8E" pageNumber="444">
<emphasis id="134A2988CE8AADE6EA117B93A1C419F1" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="444">Synonyms:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="A78879FEE1CA3BC1FEA0B3074BBB1E01" authority="Troughton 1943" authorityName="Troughton" authorityYear="1943" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Micronomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageNumber="444" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2D2F44C9C4E991507D8695A22D2204EA" italics="true" pageNumber="444">Micronomus</emphasis>
Troughton 1943
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="54EC66AF25A235E118C33552313C8460" pageNumber="444" type="child_taxa">
<paragraph id="2349E44D1C03D556B1244598635ECF05" pageNumber="444">
<emphasis id="CFC99D20BF26F214D98EEAF3F694009C" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="444">Species and subspecies:</emphasis>
10 species with 5 subspecies:
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C79C40151C1BF647C3967936D56F0479" pageNumber="444">
Species
<taxonomicName id="537EBF9F1BA8C37E65E6233A2A184153" authority="(Hermann 1804)" baseAuthorityName="Hermann" baseAuthorityYear="1804" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Mormopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageNumber="444" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="acetabulosus">
<emphasis id="F5B47A4257BBD55C1D3A89F1DAFE08D1" italics="true" pageNumber="444">Mormopterus acetabulosus</emphasis>
(Hermann 1804)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="ABFDD7A411F81A8B6485A252427599B7" pageNumber="444">
Species
<taxonomicName id="3AEF9D25F6A77F1F914C01A6396449E5" authority="Peters 1881" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1881" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Mormopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageNumber="444" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="beccarii">
<emphasis id="A27EEA1A745589231360E561A944E714" italics="true" pageNumber="444">Mormopterus beccarii</emphasis>
Peters 1881
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B5DE08CF6942D1203B15665E79EE704F" pageNumber="444">
Subspecies
<taxonomicName id="D76D58DD3D1B2B05EE1E908BA4A22150" authority="Peters 1881" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1881" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Mormopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageNumber="444" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="beccarii" subSpecies="beccarii">
<emphasis id="365C4EC6E9EC4938984730A330DCE452" italics="true" pageNumber="444">Mormopterus beccarii</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="8C97CDD1AA04CEC68B39FA49D06F9D5A" italics="true" pageNumber="444">beccarii</emphasis>
Peters 1881
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="110020BC107D8FE4815CD3E68AC0F8ED" pageNumber="444">
Subspecies
<taxonomicName id="3F76417CE540E8A0B1480BE9BE1374E5" authority="Meyer 1899" authorityName="Meyer" authorityYear="1899" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Mormopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageNumber="444" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="beccarii" subSpecies="astrolabiensis">
<emphasis id="A5383776F5BBC634F1141B70AC91A55F" italics="true" pageNumber="444">Mormopterus beccarii</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="9A369989CD60607053428A41B076AF93" italics="true" pageNumber="444">astrolabiensis</emphasis>
Meyer 1899
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FE8EBD1E4342E6FF8C0BE2658712B027" pageNumber="444">
Species
<taxonomicName id="1C535AE2428BB58B59FDE53C0A5B3E6E" authority="K. Andersen 1907" authorityName="K. Andersen" authorityYear="1907" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Mormopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageNumber="444" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="doriae">
<emphasis id="24D1D358FD124778B962AB5993FA9128" italics="true" pageNumber="444">Mormopterus doriae</emphasis>
K.
<bibRefCitation id="1E0834E608940F6226F33D4E4BF1085E" author="Andersen, K." refId="ref8200" refString="Andersen, K. 1907. On Pterocyon, Rousettus and Myonycteris. Annals and Magazine of Natural History., ser. 7, 19: 501 - 515." year="1907">Andersen 1907</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="84DB97BAFC252F0762051B198E1DA795" pageNumber="444">
Species
<taxonomicName id="D240A532C66389F32655D712BE17B521" authority="Peters 1865" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1865" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Mormopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageNumber="444" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jugularis">
<emphasis id="9B6DF56E9769C0EAEF8726181391A185" italics="true" pageNumber="444">Mormopterus jugularis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="5CFBC279B088635B83328097CCD3F7EA" author="Peters, W." refId="ref282159" refString="Peters, W. 1865. Note on the systematic position of Platacanthomys lasiurus. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1865: 397 - 399." year="1865">Peters 1865</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5BBBA85851F8481D5FD5D5888EBD1A72" pageNumber="444">
Species
<taxonomicName id="1333A52F9DE2B851A541BC11F3A8A649" authority="Thomas 1893" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1893" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Mormopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageNumber="444" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kalinowskii">
<emphasis id="0AD3F786315398DC64F5540DD5609341" italics="true" pageNumber="444">Mormopterus kalinowskii</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="251064F3928BCC46256F577D9BECEEFB" author="Thomas, O." refId="ref351992" refString="Thomas, O. 1893. On some new Bornean mammalia. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, ser. 6, 11: 341 - 347." year="1893">Thomas 1893</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="29DF38092D124AC34DE95F22820B826B" pageNumber="444">
Species
<taxonomicName id="0CCE07FDCC8CADA4CD923C351537CE97" authority="Thomas 1897" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1897" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Mormopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageNumber="444" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="loriae">
<emphasis id="2FC112F62303FD258CF4926566C04816" italics="true" pageNumber="444">Mormopterus loriae</emphasis>
Thomas 1897
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8475A36ACEC1E47F8ADB16E4879A4ECB" pageNumber="444">
Subspecies
<taxonomicName id="225897BCBE0B1EB086053249B5284E19" authority="Thomas 1897" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1897" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Mormopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageNumber="444" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="loriae" subSpecies="loriae">
<emphasis id="54AF521A30A807F2FC5265275A3B4A50" italics="true" pageNumber="444">Mormopterus loriae</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="EDC0C77C3AEB6D3854DB371B0D28491B" italics="true" pageNumber="444">loriae</emphasis>
Thomas 1897
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4E0388504641A12E82650C24504F4A75" pageNumber="444">
Subspecies
<taxonomicName id="ABC43999AB6903F7567E22F35598BA53" authority="Johnson 1959" authorityName="Johnson" authorityYear="1959" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Mormopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageNumber="444" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="loriae" subSpecies="cobourgiana">
<emphasis id="DB2EE1A3BB0E58BD080CE4D03056E07D" italics="true" pageNumber="444">Mormopterus loriae</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="AD67F9C5E59EA1C7D25426C78810FAA8" italics="true" pageNumber="444">cobourgiana</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="9F59AA107E63F3DE31226231BD4F3472" author="Johnson, M. L. &amp; B. T. Ostenson" refId="ref174748" refString="Johnson, M. L., and B. T. Ostenson. 1959. Comments on the nomenclature of some mammals of the Pacific Northwest. Journal of Mammalogy, 40: 571 - 577." year="1959">Johnson 1959</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E1DF837E22E9CF4E20EEF9DB55ABDF0A" pageNumber="444">
Subspecies
<taxonomicName id="8322594D9A4E83650EEC3DCF6D87A2EB" authority="Felten 1964" authorityName="Felten" authorityYear="1964" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Mormopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageNumber="444" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="loriae" subSpecies="ridei">
<emphasis id="FC8D0FB1297CF215FE31CC434A11848C" italics="true" pageNumber="444">Mormopterus loriae</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="2E622BD1FC7E0DD600BB029ABE2B7888" italics="true" pageNumber="444">ridei</emphasis>
Felten 1964
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1B95A700C49162377AD233282C7055FB" pageNumber="444">
Species
<taxonomicName id="41FFF92F2F460BE78C85286B50CA96F1" authority="Miller 1899" authorityName="Miller" authorityYear="1899" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Mormopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageNumber="444" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minutus">
<emphasis id="E69AE09BEA55DC56287B0BCA75B066EE" italics="true" pageNumber="444">Mormopterus minutus</emphasis>
Miller 1899
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1467011DD4CC599EF62CC9828C7D422C" pageNumber="444">
Species
<taxonomicName id="F0999938060B74736A4A422C7DFDD9AE" authority="(Gray 1840)" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1840" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Mormopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageNumber="444" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="norfolkensis">
<emphasis id="603595C9817A32DC5B688F8CED9FB305" italics="true" pageNumber="444">Mormopterus norfolkensis</emphasis>
(Gray 1840)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="45A0CF41D90E8025C7B05F6EDA933487" pageNumber="444">
Species
<taxonomicName id="90E54ABBC55BE528560B27643BF6FF78" authority="Handley 1956" authorityName="Handley" authorityYear="1956" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Mormopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageNumber="444" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="phrudus">
<emphasis id="6163BF9502C39548DCD92A87CFB6E8AC" italics="true" pageNumber="444">Mormopterus phrudus</emphasis>
Handley 1956
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="01B513AFC4F2F583D062B3A5CC98C04B" pageNumber="444">
Species
<taxonomicName id="5FC591A0ADDCAE94F754F9265E779C13" authority="Peters 1866" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1866" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Mormopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageNumber="444" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="planiceps">
<emphasis id="4411DDE40771DC9D7082AFBFBB6B83E0" italics="true" pageNumber="444">Mormopterus planiceps</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="E160652F56913AEB29228ADDE9BD5A41" author="Peters, W." refId="ref282188" refString="Peters, W. 1866. Uber neue oder ungengend bekannte Flederthiere (Vampyrops, Uroderma, Chiroderma, Ametrida, Tylostoma, Vespertilio, Vesperugo) und Nager (Tylomys, Lasiomys). Monatsberichte der Koniglich Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, 1867: 392 411, 2 pls." year="1866">Peters 1866</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="193042E1756A689C23C15BFBD67AAB0D" pageNumber="444" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="0546D00689322C49575FDB2BA4966D82" pageNumber="444">
<emphasis id="9242CF557525583F33DD971B61A234B7" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="444">Discussion:</emphasis>
Formerly included in
<taxonomicName id="2A076D9D970DFC15F39E69982EC526F7" authorityName="Rafinesque" authorityYear="1814" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Tadarida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1EFF55D26B2481D5F51F09431E2E6F37" italics="true" pageNumber="444">Tadarida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but apparently distinct; see
<bibRefCitation id="CE92DB7943D2121C643F51422306BC9F" author="Koopman, K. F." refId="ref193392" refString="Koopman, K. F. 1975. Bats of the Sudan. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 154: 353 - 444." year="1975">Koopman (1975)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="BAF8A0BA72553AD6EB530332119D0C98" author="Legendre, S." refId="ref209353" refString="Legendre, S. 1984. Etude odotologique des representants actuels du groupe Tadarida (Chiroptera, Molossidae). Implications phylogeniques, systematiques et zoogeographiques. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 91: 399 - 442." year="1984">Legendre (1984)</bibRefCitation>
, but also see
<bibRefCitation id="E09B30ECA748F70055358250822E2276" author="Freeman, P. W." refId="ref108769" refString="Freeman, P. W. 1981. A multivariate study of the family Molossidae (Mammalia: Chiroptera): Morphology, ecology, evolution. Fieldiana: Zoology, n. s., 7: 1 - 173." year="1981">Freeman (1981)</bibRefCitation>
. Does not include
<taxonomicName id="9DBE894652BE57FDC171B116D676F332" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1906" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Platymops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A1E57FC88F903A008D772DDDF9B08B42" italics="true" pageNumber="444">Platymops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="AAA8CC0216E9E394A151C619B4683D76" authorityName="Roberts" authorityYear="1917" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Sauromys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C1E79BB3A7C36EA55553E53F62E45BB4" italics="true" pageNumber="444">Sauromys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; see
<bibRefCitation id="D11325906F8F53F29148FEFBB02C8DFE" author="Corbet, G. B. &amp; J. E. Hill" refId="ref67955" refString="Corbet, G. B., and J. E. Hill. 1992. Mammals of the Indomalayan region. A systematic review. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 488 pp." year="1992">Corbet and Hill (1992)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="ED32E14022DF4A1235907F5AE8A67B80" author="Peterson, R. L. &amp; J. L. Eger &amp; L. Mitchell" refId="ref282889" refString="Peterson, R. L., J. L. Eger, and L. Mitchell. 1995. Chiropteres. Faune de Madagascar, 84: 1 - 204." year="1995">Peterson et al. (1995)</bibRefCitation>
. Species groups follow
<bibRefCitation id="94B7AF2C788B5FD9D18C20DB76DB8E20" author="Koopman, K. F." refId="ref193936" refString="Koopman, K. F. 1994. Chiroptera: Systematics. Handbook of Zoology, vol. VIII, pt. 60, Mammalia, 1 - 217." year="1994">Koopman (1994)</bibRefCitation>
. This genus apparently includes at least seven undescribed species in
<collectingCountry id="C78788606981DF8D2D3377CA70DF23CE" name="Australia">Australia</collectingCountry>
; see
<bibRefCitation id="30799F64F5B0DC27FB2FC1B7BA5340F1" author="Adams, M. &amp; T. R. Reardon &amp; P. R. Baverstock &amp; C. H. S. Watts" refId="ref1249" refString="Adams, M., T. R. Reardon, P. R. Baverstock, and C. H. S. Watts. 1988. Electrophoretic resolution of species boundaries in Australian Microchiroptera. IV. The Molossidae (Chiroptera). Australian Journal of Biological Science, 41: 315 - 326." year="1988">Adams et al. (1988)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="718EDC1D0E9D593947CA2731BC8239BF" author="Churchill, S." refId="ref62026" refString="Churchill, S. 1998. Australian bats. Reed New Holland Publishers, Sydney. 230 pp." year="1998">Churchill (1998)</bibRefCitation>
, and
<bibRefCitation id="2047CF556F9DB6A826B8C4AF9A2CB996" author="Menkhorst, P. &amp; F. Knight" refId="ref237366" refString="Menkhorst, P., and F. Knight. 2001. A field guide to mammals of Australia. Oxford University Press, South Melbourne, Australia. 269 pp." year="2001">Menkhorst and Knight (2001)</bibRefCitation>
. These forms have already been given common names (
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): Eastern Freetail Bat, Inland Freetail Bat, Little Northern Freetail Bat, Little Western Freetail Bat, Southern Freetail Bat, Western Freetail Bat, and Hairy-nosed Freetail Bat.
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78
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<mods:date id="0D3F2D665059B979FC166C69D217DED3">2016</mods:date>
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<taxonomicName id="24C7BEB467854C45104D57B09314E3F4" ID-CoL="9HFR" LSID="http://azoresbioportal.uac.pt/azores-species/acorigone-zebraneus-7753/" authority="Wunderlich, 2008" authorityName="Wunderlich" authorityYear="2008" class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Acorigone" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Acorigone zebraneus" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="10948" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zebraneus">Acorigone zebraneus Wunderlich, 2008</taxonomicName>
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<paragraph id="7DDB09E5D81E65DD79ECDFD265F19B07" pageId="0" pageNumber="10948">Ecological interactions</paragraph>
<subSection id="97F17B951867F354A5F2B8FA32EC22E1" pageId="0" pageNumber="10948" type="native status">
<paragraph id="6D8BA42577BC348FF2DD160CFFA2C3FF" pageId="0" pageNumber="10948">Native status</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CD65E51EA29ACEBDD40CB400265D9B3A" pageId="0" pageNumber="10948">Azores endemic</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="671BFB8F4D07BB519BD3A88D2B585F61" pageId="0" pageNumber="10948" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="6EE388A1E3480654EBFACD99FCE31609" pageId="0" pageNumber="10948">Distribution</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EA1E21171CB20EF695A01E12C41BDD13" pageId="0" pageNumber="10948">SJG*</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="81BF88D01D893F456564494A93375DE6" pageId="0" pageNumber="10948" type="notes">
<paragraph id="F77EFF2A14F9702598EA01B57E65BF57" pageId="0" pageNumber="10948">Notes</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9AEDC16B841D6E72FAB2CC2BEC3F2B4C" pageId="0" pageNumber="10948">Biogeographical Realm: Western Palearctic (Macaronesia)</paragraph>
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9.
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(Bon.) Bain., Bull. Soc. Mycol.
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:, 906. Figure
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Section—
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Colony:7.0–
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growth was observed in 4 days on PDA medium. Mycelium is mostly submerged, less aerial mycelium which is floccose and white. Compact cushioned pustules looking velvety due to the presence of numerous, flexuous sterile conidiophore apices. These pustules are white at first, becoming yellow, then pea-green followed by olive green. Colorless at the reverse of the Petri plate.
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Conidiophores: Conidiophores in pustules are broad, comprising a regular, undulate and humate sterile elongation with the phialides arising near the base. The lateral branches typically comprise one or a few, broad cells with phialides arising at the tip and along the length. The internodes between branches are short and the phialides densely clustered. Phialides: Phialides are short, broadly ellipsoidal to ovoidal, pyriform and ampulliform, formed on small branches, smooth
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walled, hyaline or pale green color.
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<paragraph id="9D3936C95E2AFFA7F586AFF7FB149DA2" blockId="13.[136,1452,266,904]" box="[189,1168,662,688]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Chlamydospores: Chlamydospores terminal and intercalary, globose, 4.0–8.0 µm diam.</paragraph>
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Cultures examined:
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soil,
<location id="985960125E2AFFA7F7A5AFDBFD7C9DC6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:152F87DF5E2AFFA7F5B3ADFFFE689C9A:985960125E2AFFA7F7A5AFDBFD7C9DC6" box="[670,760,698,724]" municipality="Rice" name="Cuttack" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" stateProvince="Odisha">Cuttack</location>
,
<collectingRegion id="5F42F82B5E2AFFA7F638AFDBFCD39DC7" box="[771,855,698,725]" country="India" name="Odisha" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Odisha</collectingRegion>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="2DEE3C945E2AFFA7F651AFDBFB5A9DC7" box="[874,1246,698,725]" collectionCode="ITCC" country="India" location="Soil" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" specimenCode="ITCC 7272" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Kerala">
<specimenCode id="CD209EB25E2AFFA7F651AFDBFC6D9DC6" box="[874,1001,698,724]" collectionCode="ITCC" country="Italy" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/em9k-h6wg" name="Istituto Tecnico Stattale &amp;quot;Camillo Cavour&amp;quot;" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">ITCC 7272</specimenCode>
(
<location id="985960125E2AFFA7F6C3AFDBFBAD9DC6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:152F87DF5E2AFFA7F5B3ADFFFE689C9A:985960125E2AFFA7F6C3AFDBFBAD9DC6" box="[1016,1065,698,724]" country="India" name="Soil" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" stateProvince="Kerala">Soil</location>
,
<collectingCountry id="E59176595E2AFFA7F10FAFDBFBFF9DC6" box="[1076,1147,698,724]" name="India" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Kochi</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="5F42F82B5E2AFFA7F1BDAFDBFB529DC7" box="[1158,1238,698,725]" country="India" name="Kerala" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Kerala</collectingRegion>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="2DEE3C945E2AFFA7F1D3AFDBFE189DEB" collectionCode="ITCC" country="India" location="Dehradun" municipality="Soil" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" specimenCode="ITCC 7270" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Uttarakhand">
<specimenCode id="CD209EB25E2AFFA7F1D3AFDBFAE39DC6" box="[1256,1383,698,724]" collectionCode="ITCC" country="Italy" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/em9k-h6wg" name="Istituto Tecnico Stattale &amp;quot;Camillo Cavour&amp;quot;" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">ITCC 7270</specimenCode>
(
<collectingMunicipality id="7D5DACB35E2AFFA7F04DAFDBFA239DC6" box="[1398,1447,698,724]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Soil</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="985960125E2AFFA7F5B3AFBFFF7D9DEA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:152F87DF5E2AFFA7F5B3ADFFFE689C9A:985960125E2AFFA7F5B3AFBFFF7D9DEA" box="[136,249,734,760]" country="India" municipality="Soil" name="Dehradun" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" stateProvince="Uttarakhand">Dehradun</location>
,
<collectingRegion id="5F42F82B5E2AFFA7F43FAFBFFE109DEB" box="[260,404,734,761]" country="India" name="Uttarakhand" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Uttarakhand</collectingRegion>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D3936C95E2AFFA7F586AE63FE7E9C76" blockId="13.[136,1452,266,904]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Diagnostic features: Compact cushioned pustules white at first, becoming yellow, then green in colour. Conidiophores with non-fertile, stout, hamate and undulate elongations, with the short, ovoidal or pyriform densely clustered phialides near the base.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D3936C95E2AFFA7F586AE0FFE689C9A" blockId="13.[136,1452,266,904]" box="[189,492,878,904]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Ecology and habitats: Soil.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

603
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<mods:namePart id="BC20761EEC7C152D1B8382985089A02E">Choudhary, Shiv Pratap</mods:namePart>
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<subSubSection id="D59C65425E2AFFA7F5ADAED7FB829CDD" box="[150,1030,949,976]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="9D3936C95E2AFFA7F5ADAED7FB829CDD" blockId="13.[136,1030,949,1012]" box="[150,1030,949,976]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
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<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E2AFFA7F5ADAED7FB829CDD" bold="true" box="[150,1030,949,976]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
0.
<taxonomicName id="5A864D4A5E2AFFA7F589AED4FC839CC2" ID-CoL="58BN6" authority="Rifai, Mycological Papers" authorityName="Rifai, Mycological Papers" box="[178,775,949,976]" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Hypocreaceae" genus="Trichoderma" kingdom="Fungi" order="Hypocreales" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="harzianum">
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E2AFFA7F589AED4FE499CC2" bold="true" box="[178,461,949,976]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Trichoderma harzianum</emphasis>
Rifai, Mycological Papers
</taxonomicName>
6: 8, 969. Figure
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<subSubSection id="D59C65425E2AFFB9F5B3AEBBFCF498E2" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="description">
<paragraph id="9D3936C95E2AFFA7F5B3AEBBFE0A9CE6" blockId="13.[136,1030,949,1012]" box="[136,398,986,1012]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
Section—
<taxonomicName id="5A864D4A5E2AFFA7F5C3AEBBFE0A9CE6" authorityName="P.A.Saccardo" authorityYear="1885" box="[248,398,986,1012]" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Hypocreaceae" genus="Pachybasium" kingdom="Fungi" order="Hypocreales" pageId="13" pageNumber="24" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">Pachybasium</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D3936C95E2AFFA7F5B3A943FE979B2E" blockId="13.[136,1452,1058,1624]" box="[136,275,1058,1084]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Description:</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D3936C95E2AFFA7F586A927FC269BDE" blockId="13.[136,1452,1058,1624]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<materialsCitation id="2DEE3C945E2AFFA7F586A927FC1A9BDE" collectionCode="PDA" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" specimenCount="1">
Colony: 7.0–
<quantity id="5A7E9B2C5E2AFFA7F46FA927FE269B72" box="[340,418,1094,1121]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="cm" value="8.5">8.5 cm</quantity>
growth was observed in 4 days on
<collectionCode id="FB97AE0C5E2AFFA7F67EA927FCFF9B72" box="[837,891,1094,1120]" country="Sri Lanka" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13944" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13944" name="Royal Botanic Gardens" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="Herbarium">PDA</collectionCode>
medium. Two
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of strains were observed in the study. 1. Brown colour pigment producers and pigment non-producers. Pustules are loosely aggregated into flat, spreading pustules. Conidiation effuse, appearing powdery due to dense conidiation, rapidly turning yellowish-green to dark green. Colourless to dark brown at the reverse of the petriplate
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D3936C95E2AFFA7F586A9B7FC1D9A06" blockId="13.[136,1452,1058,1624]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Conidiophores:The conidiophores are irregularly branched and narrower and bear laginiform or subulate phialides. The pigment producers are less extensively and verticillate branching.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D3936C95E2AFFA7F586A87FFEBC9A4E" blockId="13.[136,1452,1058,1624]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Phialides: Phialides are ampulliform in pigment producers and laginiform to subulate in non-producers. Usually 3–4, verticillate</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D3936C95E2AFFA7F586A807FB9F9A92" blockId="13.[136,1452,1058,1624]" box="[189,1051,1382,1409]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Conidia: Sub-globose to obovoid, smooth, 2.5–3.0 × 2.0–2.5 µm, pale green.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D3936C95E2AFFA7F586A8EBFB149AB6" blockId="13.[136,1452,1058,1624]" box="[189,1168,1418,1444]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Chlamydospores: Chlamydospores terminal and intercalary, globose, 4.0–8.0 µm diam.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D3936C95E2AFFA7F586A8CFFB0D9ADB" blockId="13.[136,1452,1058,1624]" box="[189,1161,1454,1481]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
Cultures examined: ITCC 7231 (Soil, New
<collectingRegion id="5F42F82B5E2AFFA7F79EA8CFFD6C9ADB" box="[677,744,1454,1481]" country="India" name="Delhi" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Delhi</collectingRegion>
); ITCC 7235 (Compost, New
<collectingRegion id="5F42F82B5E2AFFA7F102A8CFFBF89ADB" box="[1081,1148,1454,1481]" country="India" name="Delhi" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Delhi</collectingRegion>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D3936C95E2AFFA7F586A8B3FE759926" blockId="13.[136,1452,1058,1624]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Diagnostic features: Frequently brown colour pigment producers and the conidiophores irregularly branched. Phialides are ampulliform in pigment producers and laginiform to subulate in non-producers and the conidia are pale green, small, round and smooth.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D3936C95E2AFFA7F586AB5FFE68994A" blockId="13.[136,1452,1058,1624]" box="[189,492,1598,1624]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Ecology and habitats: Soil.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D3936C95E2AFFA7F598ABE7FA9A998D" blockId="13.[136,1310,1669,1732]" box="[163,1310,1669,1696]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
.
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E2AFFA7F58AABE4FA9A998D" bold="true" box="[177,1310,1669,1696]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<taxonomicName id="5A864D4A5E2AFFA7F58AABE4FBA499B2" authority="Samuels, C. Suarez &amp; H. C. Evans, Stud. Mycol." authorityName="Samuels, C. Suarez &amp; H. C. Evans, Stud. Mycol." box="[177,1056,1669,1696]" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Hypocreaceae" genus="Trichoderma" kingdom="Fungi" order="Hypocreales" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="koningiopsis">
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E2AFFA7F58AABE4FE5B99B2" bold="true" box="[177,479,1669,1696]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Trichoderma koningiopsis</emphasis>
Samuels, C. Suarez &amp; H.C. Evans, Stud. Mycol.
</taxonomicName>
6: 7, 006. Figure
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D3936C95E2AFFA7F5B3ABCBFE0C99D6" blockId="13.[136,1310,1669,1732]" box="[136,392,1706,1732]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
Section—
<taxonomicName id="5A864D4A5E2AFFA7F5CCABCBFE0C99D6" box="[247,392,1706,1732]" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Hypocreaceae" genus="Trichoderma" kingdom="Fungi" order="Hypocreales" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">Trichoderma</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D3936C95E2AFFA7F5B3AB93FE97981E" blockId="13.[136,1452,1778,2092]" box="[136,275,1778,1804]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Description:</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D3936C95E2AFFA7F586AA77FC1D986A" blockId="13.[136,1452,1778,2092]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
Colony: 6.0–
<quantity id="5A7E9B2C5E2AFFA7F469AA77FE1B9822" box="[338,415,1814,1841]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="cm" value="7.5">7.5 cm</quantity>
growth was observed in 4 days on PDA medium. Compact to cottony
<quantity id="5A7E9B2C5E2AFFA7F1F5AA77FAA89822" box="[1230,1324,1814,1840]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="mm" value="1.5" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.0">1–2 mm</quantity>
dia. bluish green pustules are formed with conidial production restricted to the margin of the colony. The pustules are formed along the edge of the plate in circle. Reverse of the plate is colourless.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D3936C95E2AFFA7F586AAE3FA9F973E" blockId="13.[136,1452,1778,2092]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Conidiophores: Conidiophores comprising a main axis, fertile branches arising along the length of the main axis, with longer or shorter internodes; terminal part of conidiophore often sparingly branched and with long internodes between branches; branches sometimes formed pustules with short, pachybasium-like crowded phialides. Branches arising at an angle of slightly less than 90° with respect to the main axis, longer branches near the base and short branches or solitary phialides arising near the tip; all fertile branches terminating in a whorl of phialides.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D3936C95E29FFA4F5B3AE95FD099B3C" blockId="14.[136,1451,1012,1070]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E29FFA4F5B3AE95FE899B1B" bold="true" box="[136,269,1012,1034]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">FIGURE.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="5A864D4A5E29FFA4F429AE95FD889B1B" box="[274,524,1012,1033]" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Hypocreaceae" genus="Trichoderma" kingdom="Fungi" order="Hypocreales" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="koningiopsis">
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E29FFA4F429AE95FD889B1B" box="[274,524,1012,1033]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Trichoderma koningiopsis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E29FFA4F729AE95FD9E9B18" bold="true" box="[530,538,1012,1034]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">(</emphasis>
A
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E29FFA4F710AE95FDB79B18" bold="true" box="[555,563,1012,1034]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">)</emphasis>
Growth on PDA,
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E29FFA4F7E5AE95FD629B18" bold="true" box="[734,742,1012,1034]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">(</emphasis>
B
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E29FFA4F7CDAE95FD7A9B18" bold="true" box="[758,766,1012,1034]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">)</emphasis>
Pustules,
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E29FFA4F665AE95FCE29B18" bold="true" box="[862,870,1012,1034]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">(</emphasis>
C
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E29FFA4F64DAE95FCFA9B18" bold="true" box="[886,894,1012,1034]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">)</emphasis>
Reverse of the plate,
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E29FFA4F171AE95FBD69B18" bold="true" box="[1098,1106,1012,1034]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">(</emphasis>
D,E
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E29FFA4F143AE95FB049B18" bold="true" box="[1144,1152,1012,1034]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">)</emphasis>
Conidiophore branching,
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E29FFA4F042AE95FA059B18" bold="true" box="[1401,1409,1012,1034]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">(</emphasis>
F,G
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E29FFA4F098AE95FA2F9B18" bold="true" box="[1443,1451,1012,1034]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">)</emphasis>
Phialide disposition,
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E29FFA4F469A979FEDE9B3C" bold="true" box="[338,346,1048,1070]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">(</emphasis>
H
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E29FFA4F450A979FEF79B3C" bold="true" box="[363,371,1048,1070]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">)</emphasis>
Spores,
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E29FFA4F4FCA979FE4B9B3C" bold="true" box="[455,463,1048,1070]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">(</emphasis>
I
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E29FFA4F4ECA979FE5B9B3C" bold="true" box="[471,479,1048,1070]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">)</emphasis>
Chlamydospores.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D3936C95E29FFA4F5B3AA84FB9E970D" blockId="14.[136,1451,2021,2079]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E29FFA4F5B3AA84FE9598E8" bold="true" box="[136,273,2021,2043]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">FIGURE.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="5A864D4A5E29FFA4F421AA84FDBB98E8" box="[282,575,2021,2042]" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Hypocreaceae" genus="Trichoderma" kingdom="Fungi" order="Hypocreales" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="longibrachiatum">
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E29FFA4F421AA84FDBB98E8" box="[282,575,2021,2042]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Trichoderma longibrachiatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E29FFA4F77CAA84FDCB98E9" bold="true" box="[583,591,2021,2043]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">(</emphasis>
A
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E29FFA4F75AAA84FDED98E9" bold="true" box="[609,617,2021,2043]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">)</emphasis>
Growth on PDA,
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E29FFA4F618AA84FCAF98E9" bold="true" box="[803,811,2021,2043]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">(</emphasis>
B
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E29FFA4F600AA84FCC798E9" bold="true" box="[827,835,2021,2043]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">)</emphasis>
Pustules,
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E29FFA4F691AA84FC3698E9" bold="true" box="[938,946,2021,2043]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">(</emphasis>
C
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E29FFA4F6F9AA84FC4E98E9" bold="true" box="[962,970,2021,2043]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">)</emphasis>
Reverse of the plate,
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E29FFA4F192AA84FB3598E9" bold="true" box="[1193,1201,2021,2043]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">(</emphasis>
D,E.F,G,H
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E29FFA4F02CAA84FA9B98E9" bold="true" box="[1303,1311,2021,2043]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">)</emphasis>
Conidiophore branching,
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E29FFA4F5CFA568FF78970D" bold="true" box="[244,252,2057,2079]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">(</emphasis>
I,J
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E29FFA4F428A568FE9F970D" bold="true" box="[275,283,2057,2079]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">)</emphasis>
Phialide disposition,
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E29FFA4F4D0A568FE77970D" bold="true" box="[491,499,2057,2079]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">(</emphasis>
K
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E29FFA4F73EA568FD89970D" bold="true" box="[517,525,2057,2079]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">)</emphasis>
Spores,
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E29FFA4F75BA568FDEC970D" bold="true" box="[608,616,2057,2079]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">(</emphasis>
L
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E29FFA4F74CA568FDFB970D" bold="true" box="[631,639,2057,2079]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">)</emphasis>
Spores under SEM,
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E29FFA4F67DA568FCCA970D" bold="true" box="[838,846,2057,2079]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">(</emphasis>
M
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E29FFA4F658A568FCEF970D" bold="true" box="[867,875,2057,2079]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">)</emphasis>
Chlamydospores.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D3936C95E28FFA5F586ADFFFBD49FCE" blockId="15.[136,1452,158,508]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Phialides: Phialides straight, sometimes hooked or sinuous, lageniform or sometimes conspicuously swollen in the middle, in whorls of 2–5, sometimes several phialides arising from the same point.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D3936C95E28FFA5F586AD87FBC39E13" blockId="15.[136,1452,158,508]" box="[189,1095,230,257]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Conidia: Conidia dark green, ellipsoidal and smooth, 4.50–6.50 × 3.00–4.00 µm.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D3936C95E28FFA5F586AC6BFE499E5A" blockId="15.[136,1452,158,508]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Chlamydospores: Chlamydospores abundant, terminal and intercalary, globose to subglobose and pear shaped, 10.00–15.00 µm in diameter.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D3936C95E28FFA5F586AC33FB4D9E7E" blockId="15.[136,1452,158,508]" box="[189,1225,338,364]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
Cultures examined: ITCC 7290 (Soil, Srinagar, J&amp;K); ITCC 7291 (Soil, Dibrugarh,
<collectingRegion id="5F42F82B5E28FFA5F157AC33FB399E7E" box="[1132,1213,338,364]" country="India" name="Assam" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Assam</collectingRegion>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D3936C95E28FFA5F586AC17FE369ECA" blockId="15.[136,1452,158,508]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Diagnostic features: Conidiophores arising at more or less 90° angle to the main axis, longer branches at the base and short branches or solitary phialides near the tip.Phialides mostly straight, or hooked or sinuous and conidia are dark green and ellipsoidal.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D3936C95E28FFA5F586AC83FE689EEE" blockId="15.[136,1452,158,508]" box="[189,492,482,508]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Ecology and habitats: Soil.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D3936C95E28FFA5F59FAF4BFBCD9D56" blockId="15.[136,1097,554,616]" box="[164,1097,554,581]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
.
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E28FFA5F589AF4BFBCD9D56" bold="true" box="[178,1097,554,581]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<taxonomicName id="5A864D4A5E28FFA5F589AF4BFCCE9D56" authority="Rifai, Mycological Papers" authorityName="Rifai, Mycological Papers" box="[178,842,554,581]" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Hypocreaceae" genus="Trichoderma" kingdom="Fungi" order="Hypocreales" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="longibrachiatum">
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E28FFA5F589AF4BFD949D57" bold="true" box="[178,528,554,581]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Trichoderma longibrachiatum</emphasis>
Rifai, Mycological Papers
</taxonomicName>
6:, 969. Figure
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D3936C95E28FFA5F5B3AF2FFE3D9D7A" blockId="15.[136,1097,554,616]" box="[136,441,590,616]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Section—Longibrachiatum</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D3936C95E28FFA5F5B3AFF7FE979DA2" blockId="15.[136,1452,662,1228]" box="[136,275,662,688]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Description:</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D3936C95E28FFA5F586AFDBFAEE9DEA" blockId="15.[136,1452,662,1228]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
Colony: 7.0–
<quantity id="5A7E9B2C5E28FFA5F46BAFDBFE1D9DC7" box="[336,409,698,725]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="cm" value="8.5">8.5 cm</quantity>
growth was observed in 4 days on PDA medium. Limited aerial mycelium, floccose. Tufts are loose and dark green, sometimes mottled with white flecks. Reverse yellowish green and sometimes colourless.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D3936C95E28FFA5F586AE63FED49C76" blockId="15.[136,1452,662,1228]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Conidiophores: Conidiophores typically consisting of a strongly developed central axis, sparingly branched, primary branches long, secondary branches usually short and rarely re-branched from which arise, toward the tip, solitary phialides.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D3936C95E28FFA5F586AE0FFD9B9CC2" blockId="15.[136,1452,662,1228]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Phialides: Phialides arising directly, mostly solitary, occasionally in verticils of 2–3. Phialides are ampuliform to laginiform or cylindrical but, when in whorls, enlarged in the middle or squat, straight or hooked to sinuous, Intercalary phialides common and conspicuous.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D3936C95E28FFA5F586AEBBFC6B9CE7" blockId="15.[136,1452,662,1228]" box="[189,1007,986,1013]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Conidia: Oblong to ellipsoidal and smooth, 4.0–6.0 × 3.0–4.0 µm, green.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D3936C95E28FFA5F586AE9FFF4C9B2E" blockId="15.[136,1452,662,1228]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Chlamydospores: Chlamydospores sometimes present, terminal or intercalary, subglobose to globose 8–10 µm diam.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D3936C95E28FFA5F586A927FBE29B72" blockId="15.[136,1452,662,1228]" box="[189,1126,1094,1121]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
Cultures examined: ITCC 7261 (Soil, New
<collectingRegion id="5F42F82B5E28FFA5F79EA927FD6C9B73" box="[677,744,1094,1121]" country="India" name="Delhi" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Delhi</collectingRegion>
); ITCC 7262 (Soil, Tirupathi AP).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D3936C95E28FFA5F586A90BFC6A9BBA" blockId="15.[136,1452,662,1228]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Diagnostic features: Conidiophores are rarely re-branched and produce solitary phialides which are ampuliform to laginiform or cylindrical, straight or hooked and conidia nearly cylindrical.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D3936C95E28FFA5F586A9D3FAC79BDE" blockId="15.[136,1452,662,1228]" box="[189,1347,1202,1228]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Ecology and habitats: Soil, mushrooms and food rotting fungi, marine and soil animals and dead wood.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D3936C95E28FFA5F59FA99BFC6C9A06" blockId="15.[136,1000,1274,1372]" box="[164,1000,1274,1301]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
.
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E28FFA5F589A99BFC6C9A06" bold="true" box="[178,1000,1274,1301]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<taxonomicName id="5A864D4A5E28FFA5F589A99BFD219A06" authority="Bissett, Can. J. Bot." box="[178,677,1274,1301]" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Hypocreaceae" genus="Trichoderma" kingdom="Fungi" order="Hypocreales" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="longipile">
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E28FFA5F589A99BFE309A07" bold="true" box="[178,436,1274,1301]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Trichoderma longipile</emphasis>
Bissett, Can. J. Bot.
</taxonomicName>
69 (): 9, 99. Figure
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D3936C95E28FFA5F5B3A87FFE3D9A2A" blockId="15.[136,1000,1274,1372]" box="[136,441,1310,1337]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
Syn.:
<taxonomicName id="5A864D4A5E28FFA5F5F2A87EFE3D9A2A" box="[201,441,1310,1337]" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Hypocreaceae" genus="Hypocrea" kingdom="Fungi" order="Hypocreales" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="longipilosa">Hypocrea longipilosa</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D3936C95E28FFA5F5B3A823FE0A9A4E" blockId="15.[136,1000,1274,1372]" box="[136,398,1346,1372]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
Section—
<taxonomicName id="5A864D4A5E28FFA5F5C3A823FE0A9A4E" authorityName="P.A.Saccardo" authorityYear="1885" box="[248,398,1346,1372]" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Hypocreaceae" genus="Pachybasium" kingdom="Fungi" order="Hypocreales" pageId="15" pageNumber="24" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">Pachybasium</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D3936C95E28FFA5F5B3A8EBFE979AB6" blockId="15.[136,1452,1418,1984]" box="[136,275,1418,1444]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Description:</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D3936C95E28FFA5F586A8CFFE639902" blockId="15.[136,1452,1418,1984]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Colony: 6.0–7.0 cm growth was observed in four days. Aerial mycelium cobwebby, white to greyish. Compact, cushion shaped pustules are many and scattered. White at first slowly turning grey green or olive grey shades in age. Reverse of the plate colourless.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D3936C95E28FFA5F586AB7BFDB5996E" blockId="15.[136,1452,1418,1984]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Conidiophores: Conidiophores sparingly branched, branches arising singly, alternately or in pairs. Secondary branches in whorls of two or three, upper part of conidiophores main axis with a very long, non-fertile, often ramified, apical part is unbrached and flexuous.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D3936C95E28FFA5F586ABE7FEE699D6" blockId="15.[136,1452,1418,1984]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Phialides: Phialides ampulliform, subglobose and strongly swollen near the middle, arising in crowded whorls of 2–5, rarely solitary.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D3936C95E28FFA5F586ABAFFE94981F" blockId="15.[136,1452,1418,1984]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Conidia: Conidia are cylindrical to oblong, ends broadly or bluntly rounded, smooth and greyish green, 4.0–6.5 × 3.0–4.0 µm.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D3936C95E28FFA5F586AA77FCDD9823" blockId="15.[136,1452,1418,1984]" box="[189,857,1814,1841]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
Culture examined: ITCC 7292 (Soil, Shillong,
<collectingRegion id="5F42F82B5E28FFA5F7F0AA77FCC99823" box="[715,845,1814,1841]" country="India" name="Meghalaya" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Meghalaya</collectingRegion>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D3936C95E28FFA5F586AA5BFE14988E" blockId="15.[136,1452,1418,1984]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Diagnostic features: Upper part of conidiophores are very long, non-fertile, often ramified, flexuous, and unbrached. Phialides are ampulliform to subglobose and strongly swollen near the middle, arising in crowded whorls. Conidia are cylindrical.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D3936C95E28FFA5F586AAC7FE6898D2" blockId="15.[136,1452,1418,1984]" box="[189,492,1958,1984]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Ecology and habitats: Soil.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D3936C95E37FFBAF5B3A947FDF09B4D" blockId="16.[136,1451,1061,1120]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E37FFBAF5B3A947FE949B29" bold="true" box="[136,272,1062,1084]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">FIGURE.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="5A864D4A5E37FFBAF423A947FE759B29" box="[280,497,1062,1083]" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Hypocreaceae" genus="Trichoderma" kingdom="Fungi" order="Hypocreales" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="longipile">
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E37FFBAF423A947FE759B29" box="[280,497,1062,1083]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Trichoderma longipile</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E37FFBAF4C2A944FD859B29" bold="true" box="[505,513,1061,1083]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">(</emphasis>
A
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E37FFBAF729A944FD9E9B29" bold="true" box="[530,538,1061,1083]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">)</emphasis>
Growth on PDA,
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E37FFBAF7EAA944FD5D9B29" bold="true" box="[721,729,1061,1083]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">(</emphasis>
B
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E37FFBAF7D2A944FD759B29" bold="true" box="[745,753,1061,1083]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">)</emphasis>
Pustules,
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E37FFBAF66CA944FCDB9B29" bold="true" box="[855,863,1061,1083]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">(</emphasis>
C
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E37FFBAF654A944FCF39B29" bold="true" box="[879,887,1061,1083]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">)</emphasis>
Reverse of the plate,
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E37FFBAF16AA944FBDD9B29" bold="true" box="[1105,1113,1061,1083]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">(</emphasis>
D,E,F,G
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E37FFBAF193A944FB349B29" bold="true" box="[1192,1200,1061,1083]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">)</emphasis>
Non fertile elongation of conidiophores,
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E37FFBAF427A928FEA09B4D" bold="true" box="[284,292,1097,1119]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">(</emphasis>
H
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E37FFBAF40EA928FEB99B4D" bold="true" box="[309,317,1097,1119]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">)</emphasis>
Phialide disposition,
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E37FFBAF736A928FD919B4D" bold="true" box="[525,533,1097,1119]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">(</emphasis>
I
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E37FFBAF726A928FDA19B4D" bold="true" box="[541,549,1097,1119]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">)</emphasis>
Spores.
</paragraph>
<caption id="C9F966415E37FFBAF5B3AAB4FCEE971D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5424902" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5424902" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5424902/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" startId="16.[136,234,2005,2027]" targetBox="[305,1284,1155,1970]" targetPageId="16">
<paragraph id="9D3936C95E37FFBAF5B3AAB4FCEE971D" blockId="16.[136,1452,2005,2063]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E37FFBAF5B3AAB4FE8A98F8" bold="true" box="[136,270,2005,2027]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="5A864D4A5E37FFBAF429AAB4FD9C98F9" box="[274,536,2005,2027]" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Hypocreaceae" genus="Trichoderma" kingdom="Fungi" order="Hypocreales" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="minutisporum">
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E37FFBAF429AAB4FD9C98F9" box="[274,536,2005,2027]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Trichoderma minutisporum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E37FFBAF725AAB4FDA298F9" bold="true" box="[542,550,2005,2027]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">(</emphasis>
A
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E37FFBAF70CAAB4FDBB98F9" bold="true" box="[567,575,2005,2027]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">)</emphasis>
Growth on PDA,
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E37FFBAF7D1AAB4FD7698F9" bold="true" box="[746,754,2005,2027]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">(</emphasis>
B
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E37FFBAF639AAB4FC8E98F9" bold="true" box="[770,778,2005,2027]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">)</emphasis>
Pustules,
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E37FFBAF651AAB4FCF698F9" bold="true" box="[874,882,2005,2027]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">(</emphasis>
C
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E37FFBAF6B9AAB4FC0E98F9" bold="true" box="[898,906,2005,2027]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">)</emphasis>
Reverse of the plate,
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E37FFBAF16CAAB4FBDB98F9" bold="true" box="[1111,1119,2005,2027]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">(</emphasis>
D,E,F.G
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E37FFBAF194AAB4FB3398F9" bold="true" box="[1199,1207,2005,2027]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">)</emphasis>
Conidiophore branching,
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E37FFBAF5B3AA98FF14971D" bold="true" box="[136,144,2041,2063]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">(</emphasis>
H,I
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E37FFBAF594AA98FF33971D" bold="true" box="[175,183,2041,2063]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">)</emphasis>
Phialide disposition,
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E37FFBAF4BCAA98FE0B971D" bold="true" box="[391,399,2041,2063]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">(</emphasis>
J
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E37FFBAF4A2AA98FE25971D" bold="true" box="[409,417,2041,2063]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">)</emphasis>
Spores,
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E37FFBAF4CFAA98FE78971D" bold="true" box="[500,508,2041,2063]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">(</emphasis>
K
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E37FFBAF736AA98FD91971D" bold="true" box="[525,533,2041,2063]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">)</emphasis>
Chlamydospore along with spores.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="9D3936C95E36FFBBF59FADFFFB919FAA" blockId="17.[136,1045,157,220]" box="[164,1045,157,184]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
.
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E36FFBBF589ADFCFB919FAA" bold="true" box="[178,1045,157,184]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<taxonomicName id="5A864D4A5E36FFBBF589ADFCFD679FAA" authority="Bissett, Can. J. Bot." box="[178,739,157,184]" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Hypocreaceae" genus="Trichoderma" kingdom="Fungi" order="Hypocreales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="minutisporum">
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E36FFBBF589ADFCFE769FAA" bold="true" box="[178,498,157,184]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Trichoderma minutisporum</emphasis>
Bissett, Can. J. Bot.
</taxonomicName>
69: 96, 99.
<figureCitation id="05BD2A4C5E36FFBBF698ADFCFB919FAA" box="[931,1045,157,184]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="8.[136,234,2023,2045]" captionTargetBox="[383,1205,1190,1989]" captionTargetId="figure-61@8.[372,1216,1180,1999]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 6. Trichoderma brevicompactum (A) Growth on PDA, (B) Pustules, (C) Reverse of the plate, (D,E,F) Conidiophore branching, (G) Phialide disposition, (H) Spores, (I) Chlamydospores." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5424894" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5424894/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Figure 6</figureCitation>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D3936C95E36FFBBF5B3ADA3FE0A9FCE" blockId="17.[136,1045,157,220]" box="[136,398,194,220]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
Section—
<taxonomicName id="5A864D4A5E36FFBBF5C3ADA3FE0A9FCE" authorityName="P.A.Saccardo" authorityYear="1885" box="[248,398,194,220]" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Hypocreaceae" genus="Pachybasium" kingdom="Fungi" order="Hypocreales" pageId="17" pageNumber="24" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">Pachybasium</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D3936C95E36FFBBF5B3AC6BFE979E36" blockId="17.[136,1452,266,832]" box="[136,275,266,292]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Description:</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D3936C95E36FFBBF586AC4FFBF69E82" blockId="17.[136,1452,266,832]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
Colony:
<quantity id="5A7E9B2C5E36FFBBF424AC4FFE039E5A" box="[287,391,302,329]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.75" metricValueMax="8.5" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="cm" value="7.75" valueMax="8.5" valueMin="7.0">7–8.5 cm</quantity>
radial growth of the submerged limited floccose mycelium was observed in four days forming white cushion shaped pustules at first turning to green granular because of conidial production on short branches for the entire length of the conidiophore. Reverse of the petriplate is orange yellow coloured.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D3936C95E36FFBBF586ACFBFD919EEE" blockId="17.[136,1452,266,832]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Conidiophores: Conidiophores typically consisting of a central axis from which arise lateral branches in pairs, the lateral branches increasing in length further from the tip of the main axis. The upper part of the conidiophores is straight or slightly flexuous, fertile.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D3936C95E36FFBBF586AF67FADF9D56" blockId="17.[136,1452,266,832]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Phialides: Phialides are densely clustered in a grape-like fashion. The internodes between branches are typically short but sometimes the internode is longer, the phialides are ellipsoidal held in verticils at the tip of branches.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D3936C95E36FFBBF5B3AF2FFB679D7A" blockId="17.[136,1452,266,832]" box="[136,1251,590,617]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Conidia: Conidia green, broadly ellipsoidal with rounded ends, smooth, 3.00–6.00 × 2.50–3.50 µm.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D3936C95E36FFBBF5B3AF13FF4C9DA2" blockId="17.[136,1452,266,832]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Chlamydospores: Chlamydospores few, subglobose to ellipsoidal or pyriform terminal or intercalary 7.00–10.00 µm diam.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D3936C95E36FFBBF586AFDBFCAC9DC7" blockId="17.[136,1452,266,832]" box="[189,808,698,725]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
Culture examined:ITCC 7280 (Soil, Agartala,
<collectingRegion id="5F42F82B5E36FFBBF7FFAFDBFC989DC7" box="[708,796,698,725]" country="India" name="Tripura" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Tripura</collectingRegion>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D3936C95E36FFBBF5B3AFBFFF639C0E" blockId="17.[136,1452,266,832]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Diagnostic features: Green granular pustules with orange yellow soluble pigment. Phialides are densely clustered and globose.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D3936C95E36FFBBF586AE47FDB39C52" blockId="17.[136,1452,266,832]" box="[189,567,806,832]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Ecology and habitats: Wood, soil.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D3936C95E36FFBBF59FAE0FFC639C9A" blockId="17.[136,999,877,940]" box="[164,999,877,904]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
.
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E36FFBBF589AE0CFC639C9A" bold="true" box="[178,999,877,904]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<taxonomicName id="5A864D4A5E36FFBBF589AE0CFD329C9A" authority="Bissett, Can. J. Bot." box="[178,694,877,904]" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Hypocreaceae" genus="Trichoderma" kingdom="Fungi" order="Hypocreales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="pubescens">
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E36FFBBF589AE0CFE419C9A" bold="true" box="[178,453,877,904]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Trichoderma pubescens</emphasis>
Bissett, Can. J. Bot.
</taxonomicName>
69: 0, 99.
<figureCitation id="05BD2A4C5E36FFBBF64DAE0CFC639C9A" box="[886,999,877,904]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="9.[136,234,1068,1090]" captionTargetBox="[359,1225,201,1032]" captionTargetId="figure-19@9.[346,1241,190,1043]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 7. Trichoderma citrinoviride (A) Growth on PDA, (B) Pustules, (C) Reverse of the plate, (D,E) Conidiophore branching, (F,G) Phialide disposition, (H,I) Spores." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5424896" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5424896/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Figure 7</figureCitation>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D3936C95E36FFBBF5B3AEF3FE0A9CBE" blockId="17.[136,999,877,940]" box="[136,398,914,940]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
Section—
<taxonomicName id="5A864D4A5E36FFBBF5C3AEF3FE0A9CBE" authorityName="P.A.Saccardo" authorityYear="1885" box="[248,398,914,940]" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Hypocreaceae" genus="Pachybasium" kingdom="Fungi" order="Hypocreales" pageId="17" pageNumber="24" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">Pachybasium</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D3936C95E36FFBBF5B3AEBBFE979CE6" blockId="17.[136,1451,986,1372]" box="[136,275,986,1012]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Description:</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D3936C95E36FFBBF586AE9FFA0B9B2E" blockId="17.[136,1451,986,1372]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
Colony:
<quantity id="5A7E9B2C5E36FFBBF41BAE9FFE1A9B0A" box="[288,414,1022,1049]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="6.5" metricValueMin="5.5" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="cm" value="6.0" valueMax="6.5" valueMin="5.5">5.5–6.5 cm</quantity>
growth was observed in four days. Numerous compact white pustules turning to dull green then dark green, sometime arranged concentrically, sparingly around the margin. Reverse of the plate is colourless.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D3936C95E36FFBBF5B3A927FCD19B96" blockId="17.[136,1451,986,1372]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Conidiophores: Conidiophores consisting of a sterile elongation with phialides clustered at the base. Sterile hairs extending beyond pustules branched, thin-walled with acute tip.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D3936C95E36FFBBF586A9EFFDF39BDE" blockId="17.[136,1451,986,1372]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Phialides: Phialides short and wide, ampulliform, globose to subglobose, crowded on short lateral branches at the base of sterile elongations of conidiophores.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D3936C95E36FFBBF586A9B7FB8B9BE2" blockId="17.[136,1451,986,1372]" box="[189,1039,1238,1265]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Conidia: Conidia ellipsoidal, smooth, 5.00–6.00 × 3.00–4.00 µm and green.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D3936C95E36FFBBF586A99BFC949A06" blockId="17.[136,1451,986,1372]" box="[189,784,1274,1300]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Culture examined: ITCC 7268 (Soil, Srinagar, J&amp;K).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D3936C95E36FFBBF586A87FFADE9A2A" blockId="17.[136,1451,986,1372]" box="[189,1370,1310,1336]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Diagnostic features: Conidiophores with sterile elongation having globose phialides clustered at the base.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D3936C95E36FFBBF586A823FE689A4E" blockId="17.[136,1451,986,1372]" box="[189,492,1346,1372]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Ecology and habitats: Soil.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D3936C95E36FFBBF5ADA8EBFEBD9ADA" blockId="17.[136,1451,1417,1516]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E36FFBBF5ADA8EBFF209AB6" bold="true" box="[150,164,1418,1444]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">6</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="5A864D4A5E36FFBBF58DA8E8FAAF9AB6" authority="E. G. Simmons, Abstr. Second International Mycological Congress Vol. M" box="[182,1323,1417,1444]" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Hypocreaceae" genus="Trichoderma" kingdom="Fungi" order="Hypocreales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="reesei">
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E36FFBBF58DA8E8FE339AB6" bold="true" box="[182,439,1417,1444]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E36FFBBF58DA8E8FE1D9AB6" bold="true" box="[182,409,1417,1444]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Trichoderma reesei</emphasis>
E
</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E36FFBBF485A8E8FE509AB1" bold="true" box="[446,468,1417,1443]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">G</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E36FFBBF4DEA8E8FD2C9AB1" bold="true" box="[485,680,1417,1443]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Simmons, Abstr</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E36FFBBF781A8E8FB7B9AB6" bold="true" box="[698,1279,1417,1444]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Second International Mycological Congress Vol</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E36FFBBF02AA8EBFAAF9AB6" bold="true" box="[1297,1323,1418,1444]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">M</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E36FFBBF010A8EBFACC9AB6" bold="true" box="[1323,1352,1418,1444]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">-Z</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E36FFBBF062A8EBFAED9AB6" bold="true" box="[1369,1385,1418,1444]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">p</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E36FFBBF041A8EBFA209AB6" bold="true" box="[1402,1444,1418,1444]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">6 8</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E36FFBBF5ADA8CFFF449ADA" bold="true" box="[150,192,1454,1480]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">977</emphasis>
.
<figureCitation id="05BD2A4C5E36FFBBF5F5A8CCFEBD9ADA" box="[206,313,1453,1480]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="9.[136,234,2009,2031]" captionTargetBox="[357,1225,1162,1972]" captionTargetId="figure-61@9.[346,1241,1152,1985]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 8. Trichoderma crassum (A) Growth on PDA, (B) Pustules, (C) Reverse of the plate, (D) Pustule,(E,F,G,) Conidiophore branching, (H) Phialide disposition, (I) Spores, (J) Globose Chlamydospore." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5424898" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5424898/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E36FFBBF5F5A8CCFEBD9ADA" bold="true" box="[206,313,1453,1480]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Figure 8</emphasis>
</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D3936C95E36FFBBF5B3A8B3FE3D9AFE" blockId="17.[136,1451,1417,1516]" box="[136,441,1490,1516]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
Section
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E36FFBBF5E7A8B3FF7C9AFE" bold="true" box="[220,248,1490,1516]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">—</emphasis>
Longibrachiatum
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D3936C95E36FFBBF5B3AB7BFE979926" blockId="17.[136,1452,1562,2057]" box="[136,275,1562,1588]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Description:</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D3936C95E36FFBBF586AB5FFE2D99B2" blockId="17.[136,1452,1562,2057]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
Colony:
<quantity id="5A7E9B2C5E36FFBBF41AAB5FFE0F994A" box="[289,395,1598,1625]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.75" metricValueMax="8.5" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="cm" value="7.75" valueMax="8.5" valueMin="7.0">7–8.5 cm</quantity>
in four days forming white pustules at first turning to green then greyish green on age. The small pustules at first concentrating at the centre then equally distributed throughout the plate. Reverse of the petriplate is bright yellow coloured.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D3936C95E36FFBBF586ABCBFDDA9822" blockId="17.[136,1452,1562,2057]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Conidiophores: Conidiophores comprising a well-defined main axis rarely re-branched. Phialidese arise singly toward the tip of the conidiophore; each branch terminating in one or two phialides and phialides arising singly from intercalary cells of the branch. Branches typically arising at 90° or less with respect to the branch above the point of branching. Paired branching systems rare.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D3936C95E36FFBBF586AA5BFAC8986A" blockId="17.[136,1452,1562,2057]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Phialides:Phialides typically solitary, straight or sinuous or hooked; some phialides are cylindrical and ampulliform and sometimes flask-shaped, constricted to the tip and slightly at the base. Intercalary phialides are common.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D3936C95E36FFBBF586AAE3FBD3988E" blockId="17.[136,1452,1562,2057]" box="[189,1111,1922,1949]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Conidia: Conidia green, oblong to ellipsoidal, smooth, 4.50–6.00 × 3.50–4.00 µm.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D3936C95E36FFBBF586AAC7FEBF98F6" blockId="17.[136,1452,1562,2057]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Chlamydospores: Chlamydospores abundant within 7 days, globose to subglobose, terminal or intercalary 8.00– 10.00 µm diam.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D3936C95E36FFBBF586AA8FFB6C971B" blockId="17.[136,1452,1562,2057]" box="[189,1256,2030,2057]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
Cultures examined: ITCC 7284 (Soil, Baroda,
<collectingRegion id="5F42F82B5E36FFBBF7F3AA8FFCA5971B" box="[712,801,2030,2057]" country="India" name="Gujarat" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Gujarat</collectingRegion>
); ITCC 7285 (Soil, Maddur,
<collectingRegion id="5F42F82B5E36FFBBF15FAA8FFB58971B" box="[1124,1244,2030,2057]" country="India" name="Karnataka" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Karnataka</collectingRegion>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="C9F966415E35FFB8F5B3A975FAB19B5F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5424904" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5424904" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5424904/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" startId="18.[136,232,1044,1066]" targetBox="[352,1239,199,1011]" targetPageId="18">
<paragraph id="9D3936C95E35FFB8F5B3A975FAB19B5F" blockId="18.[136,1452,1044,1102]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E35FFB8F5B3A975FE8F9B3B" bold="true" box="[136,267,1044,1066]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="5A864D4A5E35FFB8F434A975FE699B3B" box="[271,493,1044,1065]" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Hypocreaceae" genus="Trichoderma" kingdom="Fungi" order="Hypocreales" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="pubescens">
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E35FFB8F434A975FE699B3B" box="[271,493,1044,1065]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Trichoderma pubescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E35FFB8F4C9A975FE7E9B38" bold="true" box="[498,506,1044,1066]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">(</emphasis>
A
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E35FFB8F730A975FD979B38" bold="true" box="[523,531,1044,1066]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">)</emphasis>
Growth on PDA,
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E35FFB8F782A975FD459B38" bold="true" box="[697,705,1044,1066]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">(</emphasis>
B
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E35FFB8F7EAA975FD5D9B38" bold="true" box="[721,729,1044,1066]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">)</emphasis>
Pustules,
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E35FFB8F60EA975FCB99B38" bold="true" box="[821,829,1044,1066]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">(</emphasis>
C
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E35FFB8F676A975FCD19B38" bold="true" box="[845,853,1044,1066]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">)</emphasis>
Reverse of the plate,
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E35FFB8F121A975FBA69B38" bold="true" box="[1050,1058,1044,1066]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">(</emphasis>
D
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E35FFB8F108A975FBBF9B38" bold="true" box="[1075,1083,1044,1066]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">)</emphasis>
Sterile hairs extending beyond pustules,
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E35FFB8F5B3A959FF149B5C" bold="true" box="[136,144,1080,1102]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">(</emphasis>
E,F,G
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E35FFB8F5FDA959FF4A9B5C" bold="true" box="[198,206,1080,1102]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">)</emphasis>
Conidiophores consisting of a sterile elongation with phialides clustered at the base,
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E35FFB8F6DEA959FC699B5C" bold="true" box="[997,1005,1080,1102]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">(</emphasis>
H
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E35FFB8F6C5A959FB829B5C" bold="true" box="[1022,1030,1080,1102]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">)</emphasis>
Phialide disposition,
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E35FFB8F1EBA959FB5C9B5C" bold="true" box="[1232,1240,1080,1102]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">(</emphasis>
I
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E35FFB8F1DBA959FB6C9B5C" bold="true" box="[1248,1256,1080,1102]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">)</emphasis>
Spores.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="C9F966415E35FFB8F5B3AA2DFD019895" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5424906" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5424906" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5424906/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" startId="18.[136,234,1868,1890]" targetBox="[348,1237,1135,1835]" targetPageId="18">
<paragraph id="9D3936C95E35FFB8F5B3AA2DFD019895" blockId="18.[136,1451,1868,1927]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E35FFB8F5B3AA2DFE949873" bold="true" box="[136,272,1868,1890]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">FIGURE 8.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="5A864D4A5E35FFB8F42CAA2CFE569870" box="[279,466,1869,1890]" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Hypocreaceae" genus="Trichoderma" kingdom="Fungi" order="Hypocreales" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="reesei">
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E35FFB8F42CAA2CFE569870" box="[279,466,1869,1890]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Trichoderma reesei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E35FFB8F4E2AA2DFE659870" bold="true" box="[473,481,1868,1890]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">(</emphasis>
A
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E35FFB8F4C8AA2DFE7F9870" bold="true" box="[499,507,1868,1890]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">)</emphasis>
Growth on PDA,
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E35FFB8F794AA2DFD339870" bold="true" box="[687,695,1868,1890]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">(</emphasis>
B
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E35FFB8F7FCAA2DFD4B9870" bold="true" box="[711,719,1868,1890]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">)</emphasis>
Pustules,
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E35FFB8F608AA2DFCBF9870" bold="true" box="[819,827,1868,1890]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">(</emphasis>
C
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E35FFB8F670AA2DFCD79870" bold="true" box="[843,851,1868,1890]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">)</emphasis>
Reverse of the plate,
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E35FFB8F111AA2DFBB69870" bold="true" box="[1066,1074,1868,1890]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">(</emphasis>
D,E,F
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E35FFB8F150AA2DFBF79870" bold="true" box="[1131,1139,1868,1890]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">)</emphasis>
Conidiophore branching,
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E35FFB8F048AA2DFAFF9870" bold="true" box="[1395,1403,1868,1890]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">(</emphasis>
G,H
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E35FFB8F098AA2DFA2F9870" bold="true" box="[1443,1451,1868,1890]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">)</emphasis>
Phialide disposition,
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E35FFB8F469AA11FEDE9894" bold="true" box="[338,346,1904,1926]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">(</emphasis>
I
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E35FFB8F459AA11FEEE9894" bold="true" box="[354,362,1904,1926]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">)</emphasis>
Spores,
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E35FFB8F486AA11FE419894" bold="true" box="[445,453,1904,1926]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">(</emphasis>
J
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E35FFB8F4F4AA11FE539894" bold="true" box="[463,471,1904,1926]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">)</emphasis>
Chlamydospores.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="9D3936C95E35FFB8F586AAD4FC4898E6" blockId="18.[136,1451,1973,2071]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Diagnostic features: Conidiophores are rarely rebranched and produce solitary phialides. The shape of phialides are straight, sinuous, hooked or flask-shaped. Conidia are small and green.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D3936C95E35FFB8F586AA9CFE689705" blockId="18.[136,1451,1973,2071]" box="[189,492,2045,2071]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Ecology and habitats: Soil.</paragraph>
<caption id="C9F966415E34FFB9F5B3AE94FC2C9B3D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5424908" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5424908" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5424908/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" startId="19.[136,234,1013,1035]" targetBox="[327,1262,199,978]" targetPageId="19">
<paragraph id="9D3936C95E34FFB9F5B3AE94FC2C9B3D" blockId="19.[136,1452,1013,1071]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E34FFB9F5B3AE94FE949B18" bold="true" box="[136,272,1013,1035]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">FIGURE 9.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="5A864D4A5E34FFB9F42CAE94FDA29B19" box="[279,550,1013,1035]" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Hypocreaceae" genus="Trichoderma" kingdom="Fungi" order="Hypocreales" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="saturnisporum">
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E34FFB9F42CAE94FDA29B19" box="[279,550,1013,1035]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Trichoderma saturnisporum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E34FFB9F716AE94FDB19B19" bold="true" box="[557,565,1013,1035]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">(</emphasis>
A
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E34FFB9F77DAE94FDCA9B19" bold="true" box="[582,590,1013,1035]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">)</emphasis>
Growth on PDA,
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E34FFB9F639AE94FC8E9B19" bold="true" box="[770,778,1013,1035]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">(</emphasis>
B
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E34FFB9F621AE94FCA69B19" bold="true" box="[794,802,1013,1035]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">)</emphasis>
Pustules,
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E34FFB9F6BDAE94FC0A9B19" bold="true" box="[902,910,1013,1035]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">(</emphasis>
C
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E34FFB9F6A5AE94FC229B19" bold="true" box="[926,934,1013,1035]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">)</emphasis>
Reverse of the plate,
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E34FFB9F146AE94FB019B19" bold="true" box="[1149,1157,1013,1035]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">(</emphasis>
D,E
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E34FFB9F190AE94FB379B19" bold="true" box="[1195,1203,1013,1035]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">)</emphasis>
Conidiophore branching,
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E34FFB9F5B3A978FF149B3D" bold="true" box="[136,144,1049,1071]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">(</emphasis>
F,G,H
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E34FFB9F5F1A978FF569B3D" bold="true" box="[202,210,1049,1071]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">)</emphasis>
Phialide disposition,
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E34FFB9F499A978FE2E9B3D" bold="true" box="[418,426,1049,1071]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">(</emphasis>
I
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E34FFB9F489A978FE3E9B3D" bold="true" box="[434,442,1049,1071]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">)</emphasis>
Spores,
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E34FFB9F736A978FD919B3D" bold="true" box="[525,533,1049,1071]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">(</emphasis>
J
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E34FFB9F724A978FDA39B3D" bold="true" box="[543,551,1049,1071]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">)</emphasis>
Chlamydospores along with the spores.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="9D3936C95E34FFB9F5B3AAD7FCF498E2" blockId="19.[136,1452,1974,2032]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E34FFB9F5B3AAD7FE9498D9" bold="true" box="[136,272,1974,1996]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">FIGURE 0.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="5A864D4A5E34FFB9F423AAD7FE5B98D9" box="[280,479,1974,1995]" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Hypocreaceae" genus="Trichoderma" kingdom="Fungi" order="Hypocreales" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="spirale">
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E34FFB9F423AAD7FE5B98D9" box="[280,479,1974,1995]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Trichoderma spirale</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E34FFB9F4DDAAD7FE6A98DE" bold="true" box="[486,494,1974,1996]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">(</emphasis>
A
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E34FFB9F73BAAD7FD8C98DE" bold="true" box="[512,520,1974,1996]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">)</emphasis>
Growth on PDA,
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E34FFB9F785AAD7FD4298DE" bold="true" box="[702,710,1974,1996]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">(</emphasis>
B
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E34FFB9F7EDAAD7FD5A98DE" bold="true" box="[726,734,1974,1996]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">)</emphasis>
Pustules,
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E34FFB9F67FAAD7FCC898DE" bold="true" box="[836,844,1974,1996]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">(</emphasis>
C
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E34FFB9F667AAD7FCE098DE" bold="true" box="[860,868,1974,1996]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">)</emphasis>
Reverse of the plate,
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E34FFB9F105AAD7FBC298DE" bold="true" box="[1086,1094,1974,1996]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">(</emphasis>
D,E,F
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E34FFB9F144AAD7FB0398DE" bold="true" box="[1151,1159,1974,1996]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">)</emphasis>
Spiral Sterile hairs extending beyond pustules,
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E34FFB9F414AABBFEB398E2" bold="true" box="[303,311,2010,2032]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">(</emphasis>
G,H
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E34FFB9F45DAABBFEEA98E2" bold="true" box="[358,366,2010,2032]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">)</emphasis>
phialides disposition,
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E34FFB9F77DAABBFDCA98E2" bold="true" box="[582,590,2010,2032]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">(</emphasis>
I
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E34FFB9F76DAABBFDDA98E2" bold="true" box="[598,606,2010,2032]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">)</emphasis>
Spores,
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E34FFB9F78AAABBFD3D98E2" bold="true" box="[689,697,2010,2032]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">(</emphasis>
J
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E34FFB9F7F8AABBFD4F98E2" bold="true" box="[707,715,2010,2032]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">)</emphasis>
Chlamydospore.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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6.
<taxonomicName id="5A864D4A5E2DFFA0F59FADFCFD169FAA" ID-CoL="58BLB" authority="Bissett, Can. J. Bot." box="[164,658,157,184]" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Hypocreaceae" genus="Trichoderma" kingdom="Fungi" order="Hypocreales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="crassum">
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E2DFFA0F59FADFCFE259FAA" bold="true" box="[164,417,157,184]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Trichoderma crassum</emphasis>
Bissett, Can. J. Bot.
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69: 76– 79, 99.
<figureCitation id="05BD2A4C5E2DFFA0F6A3ADFCFC789FAA" box="[920,1020,157,184]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="9.[136,234,2009,2031]" captionTargetBox="[357,1225,1162,1972]" captionTargetId="figure-61@9.[346,1241,1152,1985]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 8. Trichoderma crassum (A) Growth on PDA, (B) Pustules, (C) Reverse of the plate, (D) Pustule,(E,F,G,) Conidiophore branching, (H) Phialide disposition, (I) Spores, (J) Globose Chlamydospore." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5424898" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5424898/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Figure 8</figureCitation>
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Section—
<taxonomicName id="5A864D4A5E2DFFA0F5C3ADA3FE0A9FCE" authorityName="P.A.Saccardo" authorityYear="1885" box="[248,398,194,220]" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Hypocreaceae" genus="Pachybasium" kingdom="Fungi" order="Hypocreales" pageId="10" pageNumber="24" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">Pachybasium</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D3936C95E2DFFA0F5B3AC6BFE979E36" blockId="10.[136,1452,266,904]" box="[136,275,266,292]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Description:</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D3936C95E2DFFA0F586AC4FFF589EA6" blockId="10.[136,1452,266,904]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Colony: 4.0–5.0 cm growth was observed in 4 days on PDA medium. Slow growing, white floccose mycelium becoming bright yellow then turns to grey-green and then grey. Concentric rings of white, grey-green, grey and yellow are very conspicuous. Cushion like flat pustules spread throughout the plate. The reverse of the plate was yellowishorange.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D3936C95E2DFFA0F586ACDFFDDA9D32" blockId="10.[136,1452,266,904]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Conidiophores: Conidiophores in minute pustules or effuse, branching irregularly, the apical part of the main conidiophores axis is straight or flexuous, sterile and unbranched. Long unbranched conidiophores with one or two phialides at the tip are sometimes present.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D3936C95E2DFFA0F586AF4BFE169D7A" blockId="10.[136,1452,266,904]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Phialides: Phialides mainly arising in crowded whorls of 2–5 on terminal and lateral branches, ampulliform to lagniform and subulate.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D3936C95E2DFFA0F586AF13FF799DA2" blockId="10.[136,1452,266,904]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Conidia: Conidia broadly ellipsoidal to obovoid with the base slightly narrower, 3.0–5.0 × 3.0–3.5 µm, smooth and green.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D3936C95E2DFFA0F586AFDBFC259DC6" blockId="10.[136,1452,266,904]" box="[189,929,698,724]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Chlamydospores: Chlamydospores are globose, 4.0–6.0 µm diam.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D3936C95E2DFFA0F586AFBFFD3E9DEA" blockId="10.[136,1452,266,904]" box="[189,698,734,760]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
Culture examined: ITCC 7293 (Soil,
<collectingRegion id="5F42F82B5E2DFFA0F766AFBFFD2A9DEA" box="[605,686,734,760]" country="India" name="Assam" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Assam</collectingRegion>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D3936C95E2DFFA0F586AE63FE139C76" blockId="10.[136,1452,266,904]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Diagnostic features: White, grey-green, grey and yellow conspicuous concentric rings with a cushion like pustules and yellowish-orange at the reverse of the plate. Conidiophores apical part straight or flexuous, sterile and unbranched with crowded Phialides.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D3936C95E2DFFA0F586AE0FFDDB9C9A" blockId="10.[136,1452,266,904]" box="[189,607,878,904]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Ecology and habitats: Wood and soil.</paragraph>
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7.
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<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E2DFFA0F59FAED4FE389CC2" bold="true" box="[164,444,949,976]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Trichoderma erinaceum</emphasis>
Bissett, Kubicek &amp; Szackacs, Can. J. Bot.
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8: 8, 00.
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Section—
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<paragraph id="9D3936C95E2DFFA0F5B3A943FE979B2E" blockId="10.[136,1452,1058,1624]" box="[136,275,1058,1084]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Description:</paragraph>
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Colony: 7.0–
<quantity id="5A7E9B2C5E2DFFA0F46AA927FE1F9B72" box="[337,411,1094,1121]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="cm" value="8.5">8.5 cm</quantity>
growth was observed in 4 days on PDA medium. White mycelium producing yellow pustules turning to dark green color with the age. The pustules uniformly spread throughout the plate leaving a concentric green ring at the center. The reverse of the plate is colorless.
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<paragraph id="9D3936C95E2DFFA0F586A9D3FB1A9A06" blockId="10.[136,1452,1058,1624]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Conidiophores: The main axis terminates in a septate elongation with a single phialide at its tip and fertile branches arising near the base. Conidiophore branches arising at angles of 90° or less concerning the main axis, paired or not, rebranching sparingly to produce phialides directly or at the tips of short secondary branches.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D3936C95E2DFFA0F5B3A87FFE069A4E" blockId="10.[136,1452,1058,1624]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Phialides: Phialides arising from branches are solitary or in whorls of 2 or 3, straight, cylindrical, flask-shaped and swollen in the middle.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D3936C95E2DFFA0F586A807FB809A92" blockId="10.[136,1452,1058,1624]" box="[189,1028,1382,1409]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Conidia: Ellipsoidal to broadly ellipsoidal, 4.00–5.50 × 3.5–4.5 µm, green.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D3936C95E2DFFA0F586A8EBFA8E9AB6" blockId="10.[136,1452,1058,1624]" box="[189,1290,1418,1444]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Chlamydospores: Chlamydospores terminal to intercalary, globose to subglobose, 8.00–13.00 µm.</paragraph>
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Cultures examined: ITCC 7287 (
<taxonomicName id="5A864D4A5E2DFFA0F703A8CFFC929ADA" box="[568,790,1454,1480]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Withania" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="somnifera">
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E2DFFA0F703A8CFFC929ADA" box="[568,790,1454,1480]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Withania somnifera</emphasis>
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rhizosphere,
<collectingRegion id="5F42F82B5E2DFFA0F689A8CFFC719ADB" box="[946,1013,1454,1481]" country="India" name="Delhi" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Delhi</collectingRegion>
); ITCC 7288 (Groundnut rhizosphere, Tirupati, AP); ITCC 7289 (Soil, SUKAST, Jammu, J&amp;K).
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<paragraph id="9D3936C95E2DFFA0F586A897FBC49926" blockId="10.[136,1452,1058,1624]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Diagnostic features: Conidiophores arising at 90° and ends with a single phialide with the fertile branches at the base and produce solitary and flask-shaped phialides directly on secondary branches.</paragraph>
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Ecology and habitats: Soil, endophyte of woody tissue of
<taxonomicName id="5A864D4A5E2DFFA0F67FAB5FFB8A994A" box="[836,1038,1598,1624]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Theobroma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cacao">
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E2DFFA0F67FAB5FFB8A994A" box="[836,1038,1598,1624]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Theobroma cacao</emphasis>
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in
<collectingCountry id="E59176595E2DFFA0F109AB5FFBED994A" box="[1074,1129,1598,1624]" name="Peru" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Peru</collectingCountry>
.
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="B9B82BC63476DDB64A7BAF4075517AC5" type="ORCID">0000-0003-2331-358X</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="A9169E80CE5C26677DC9E2E5CC941DA8">deebakamil @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 2331 - 358 X</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="79AC2B40BA23819CD4EA1B84A3260832" type="email">deebakamil@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="75B6C761077535D203184359A7984982" type="personal">
<mods:role id="C2D18AC3BE74EA16C0C01A858EC65012">
<mods:roleTerm id="EEEE81464AE2B0D6E17CAB5D22CE9B75">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="9804D4C3510C81AEA8261A37B559FEFB">Choudhary, Shiv Pratap</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="B1B97EA7569677D58E669748AE5D3B86" type="ORCID">0000-0002-1019-0691</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="529FB9801970761F3F5C96A824C97620">choudharyshiv 14 @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 1019 - 0691</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="E0A15C20A78944B6174637A9EAD87816" type="email">choudharyshiv14@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="EAC9212A4A1BD7FD1445F2023BF2B4A4">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="FC849F231F903333C6A4347D4651C77A" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="3CF15E63CF6344DE79489E2F1EE07EA6">
<mods:title id="BB030B811B842E107D1AE07049F789B3">Phytotaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="DD683E103319A0F23CA42504E80596F8">
<mods:date id="8B8BACCB92A466527F32093CC12EFF6D">2021</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="4B20F183EDEEA5070D1FDC05DF7B2092" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="BC09307C183B3962B92DD21323312B23">2021-05-21</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="92930FF21FA04611AD1650BD41497CB7" type="volume">
<mods:number id="6E436E05D8902B25B9A44521E83F9181">502</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="B1CA2C48E6E73B195500BAAC5BA73ACD" type="issue">
<mods:number id="CECC39A1EA15D90DE4198924B3390DF5">1</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="4E89BC47D22826A3E641FFC30E4BEEE7" unit="page">
<mods:start id="3EA7DF028BDC0B169C62E81378DB3075">1</mods:start>
<mods:end id="8F9E4E0021ED288CCF71187DF3BA0408">27</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location id="6087E0D62A5047BD6BFE13DF0D64D979">
<mods:url id="2A56489BD61BDD5AC301E082BD9ADF17">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.502.1.1</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification id="3AB5DA1743308FEB624D5643C1D3092C">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="F515B57BBEF80FFCA141A0E38D0BE786" type="DOI">10.11646/phytotaxa.502.1.1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="DE9D9E3481D127D130A698AAF99A16CC" type="ISSN">1179-3163</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="9013CEAB0AE7A30436CFE0EE50004AB0" type="Zenodo-Dep">5424892</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="152F87DF5E2DFFA6F5B3ABE7FCC39706" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5483599" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5483599" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:152F87DF5E2DFFA6F5B3ABE7FCC39706" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/152F87DF5E2DFFA6F5B3ABE7FCC39706" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<subSubSection id="D59C65425E2DFFA0F5B3ABE7FAF599B2" box="[136,1393,1669,1696]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="9D3936C95E2DFFA0F5B3ABE7FAF599B2" blockId="10.[136,1393,1669,1732]" box="[136,1393,1669,1696]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<heading id="C67181A55E2DFFA0F5B3ABE7FAF599B2" bold="true" box="[136,1393,1669,1696]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" reason="1">
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E2DFFA0F5B3ABE7FAF599B2" bold="true" box="[136,1393,1669,1696]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
8.
<taxonomicName id="5A864D4A5E2DFFA0F59FABE4FBEE998D" ID-CoL="58BMR" authority="Doi, Abe &amp; J. Sugiyama, Bull. Natl. Sci. Mus. Ser. B (Bot.)" box="[164,1130,1669,1696]" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Hypocreaceae" genus="Trichoderma" kingdom="Fungi" order="Hypocreales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="ghanense">
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E2DFFA0F59FABE4FE2B99B2" bold="true" box="[164,431,1669,1696]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Trichoderma ghanense</emphasis>
Doi, Abe &amp; J. Sugiyama, Bull. Natl. Sci. Mus. Ser. B (Bot.)
</taxonomicName>
:, 987. Figure 0
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D59C65425E2DFFA6F5B3ABCBFCC39706" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="description">
<paragraph id="9D3936C95E2DFFA0F5B3ABCBFE3D99D6" blockId="10.[136,1393,1669,1732]" box="[136,441,1706,1732]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Section—Longibrachiatum</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D3936C95E2DFFA0F5B3AB93FE97981E" blockId="10.[136,1452,1778,2093]" box="[136,275,1778,1804]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Description:</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D3936C95E2DFFA0F586AA77FBAF986A" blockId="10.[136,1452,1778,2093]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
Colony:
<quantity id="5A7E9B2C5E2DFFA0F426AA77FE009822" box="[285,388,1814,1841]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.75" metricValueMax="8.5" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="cm" value="7.75" valueMax="8.5" valueMin="7.0">
7
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E2DFFA0F410AA77FEBD9822" bold="true" box="[299,313,1814,1840]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">–</emphasis>
8.5 cm
</quantity>
in four days. Aerial hyphae cottony grown throughout the plate. Artemisia green white cushionlike small pustules formed throughout the plate but concentrating more than
<quantity id="5A7E9B2C5E2DFFA0F6E2AA5BFB8B9846" box="[985,1039,1850,1876]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="cm" value="2.0">2 cm</quantity>
away from the edge of the plate. The white pustules turned to green after conidiation. Reverse of the plate was colorless.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D3936C95E2DFFA0F5B3AAE3FC9498F6" blockId="10.[136,1452,1778,2093]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Conidiophores: Conidiophores typically consisting of a strongly developed central axis from which arise, toward the tip, solitary phialides and further from the tip progressively longer, often paired, secondary branches. Phialides arising directly from secondary branches, typically not in whorls.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D3936C95E2DFFA0F586AA8FFC95971A" blockId="10.[136,1452,1778,2093]" box="[189,785,2030,2056]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Phialides: Phialides cylindrical or straight or hooked.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D3936C95E2DFFA0F586A573FC54973E" blockId="10.[136,1452,1778,2093]" box="[189,976,2066,2093]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Conidia: Conidia green, ellipsoidal, 6.0–7.5× 4.0–4.5 µm and smooth.</paragraph>
<caption id="C9F966415E2CFFA1F5B3A969FD139B51" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5424900" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5424900" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5424900/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" startId="11.[136,234,1032,1054]" targetBox="[376,1211,199,999]" targetPageId="11">
<paragraph id="9D3936C95E2CFFA1F5B3A969FD139B51" blockId="11.[136,1451,1032,1091]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E2CFFA1F5B3A969FE809B0F" bold="true" box="[136,260,1032,1054]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">FIGURE 9.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="5A864D4A5E2CFFA1F437A968FE719B0C" box="[268,501,1033,1054]" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Hypocreaceae" genus="Trichoderma" kingdom="Fungi" order="Hypocreales" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="erinaceum">
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E2CFFA1F437A968FE719B0C" box="[268,501,1033,1054]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Trichoderma erinaceum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E2CFFA1F4C6A969FD819B0C" bold="true" box="[509,517,1032,1054]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">(</emphasis>
A
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E2CFFA1F72CA969FD9B9B0C" bold="true" box="[535,543,1032,1054]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">)</emphasis>
Growth on PDA,
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E2CFFA1F7EDA969FD5A9B0C" bold="true" box="[726,734,1032,1054]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">(</emphasis>
B
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E2CFFA1F7D5A969FD729B0C" bold="true" box="[750,758,1032,1054]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">)</emphasis>
Pustules,
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E2CFFA1F667A969FCE09B0C" bold="true" box="[860,868,1032,1054]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">(</emphasis>
C
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E2CFFA1F64FA969FCF89B0C" bold="true" box="[884,892,1032,1054]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">)</emphasis>
Reverse of the plate,
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E2CFFA1F16DA969FBDA9B0C" bold="true" box="[1110,1118,1032,1054]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">(</emphasis>
D
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E2CFFA1F14BA969FBFC9B0C" bold="true" box="[1136,1144,1032,1054]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">)</emphasis>
Conidiophore branching,
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E2CFFA1F042A969FA059B0C" bold="true" box="[1401,1409,1032,1054]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">(</emphasis>
E,F
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E2CFFA1F098A969FA2F9B0C" bold="true" box="[1443,1451,1032,1054]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">)</emphasis>
Phialide disposition,
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E2CFFA1F469A94DFEDE9B50" bold="true" box="[338,346,1068,1090]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">(</emphasis>
G
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E2CFFA1F450A94DFEF79B50" bold="true" box="[363,371,1068,1090]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">)</emphasis>
Spores,
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E2CFFA1F4FCA94DFE4B9B50" bold="true" box="[455,463,1068,1090]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">(</emphasis>
H
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E2CFFA1F4DBA94DFE6C9B50" bold="true" box="[480,488,1068,1090]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">)</emphasis>
Chlamydospores.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="9D3936C95E2CFFA1F5B3AA0CFD5F98B5" blockId="11.[136,1452,1901,1959]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E2CFFA1F5B3AA0CFE8A9890" bold="true" box="[136,270,1901,1923]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">FIGURE 0.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="5A864D4A5E2CFFA1F428AA0CFE749890" box="[275,496,1901,1922]" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Hypocreaceae" genus="Trichoderma" kingdom="Fungi" order="Hypocreales" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="ghanense">
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E2CFFA1F428AA0CFE749890" box="[275,496,1901,1922]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Trichoderma ghanense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E2CFFA1F4CEAA0CFE799891" bold="true" box="[501,509,1901,1923]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">(</emphasis>
A
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E2CFFA1F735AA0CFD929891" bold="true" box="[526,534,1901,1923]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">)</emphasis>
Growth on PDA,
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E2CFFA1F7F8AA0CFD4F9891" bold="true" box="[707,715,1901,1923]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">(</emphasis>
B
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E2CFFA1F7E0AA0CFD679891" bold="true" box="[731,739,1901,1923]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">)</emphasis>
Pustules with ooze,
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E2CFFA1F69CAA0CFC2B9891" bold="true" box="[935,943,1901,1923]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">(</emphasis>
C
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E2CFFA1F684AA0CFC439891" bold="true" box="[959,967,1901,1923]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">)</emphasis>
Reverse of the plate,
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E2CFFA1F1AEAA0CFB199891" bold="true" box="[1173,1181,1901,1923]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">(</emphasis>
D
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E2CFFA1F194AA0CFB339891" bold="true" box="[1199,1207,1901,1923]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">)</emphasis>
Conidiophore branching,
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E2CFFA1F5B3AAF0FF1498B5" bold="true" box="[136,144,1937,1959]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">(</emphasis>
E,F,G
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E2CFFA1F5FCAAF0FF4B98B5" bold="true" box="[199,207,1937,1959]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">)</emphasis>
Phialide disposition,
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E2CFFA1F4A4AAF0FE2398B5" bold="true" box="[415,423,1937,1959]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">(</emphasis>
H
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E2CFFA1F482AAF0FE4598B5" bold="true" box="[441,449,1937,1959]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">)</emphasis>
Spores,
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E2CFFA1F72FAAF0FD9898B5" bold="true" box="[532,540,1937,1959]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">(</emphasis>
I
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E2CFFA1F71FAAF0FDA898B5" bold="true" box="[548,556,1937,1959]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">)</emphasis>
Chlamydospores.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D3936C95E2CFFA1F586AAB4FB1698FD" blockId="11.[189,1170,2005,2068]" box="[189,1170,2005,2032]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Chlamydospores: Chlamydospores abundant, globose, 7.0–12.0 µm in dia. and smooth.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D3936C95E2CFFA1F586AA98FCC39706" blockId="11.[189,1170,2005,2068]" box="[189,839,2041,2068]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
Culture Examined: ITCC 7279 (Soil,
<collectingRegion id="5F42F82B5E2CFFA1F75AAA98FCBF9706" box="[609,827,2041,2068]" country="India" name="Arunachal Pradesh" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Arunachal Pradesh</collectingRegion>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D3936C95E2BFFA6F586ADFFFC169FCE" blockId="12.[136,1451,158,256]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Diagnostic features: Greenish white cushion-like small pustules, Conidiophore bearing cylindrical or straight or looked solitary phialides. Chlamydospores are abundant and globose.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D3936C95E2BFFA6F586AD87FE689E12" blockId="12.[136,1451,158,256]" box="[189,492,230,256]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Ecology and habitats: Soil.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D3936C95E2BFFA6F5B3A920FCFA9B69" blockId="12.[136,1451,1089,1147]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E2BFFA6F5B3A920FE899B45" bold="true" box="[136,269,1089,1111]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">FIGURE.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="5A864D4A5E2BFFA6F428A920FE7F9B44" box="[275,507,1089,1110]" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Hypocreaceae" genus="Trichoderma" kingdom="Fungi" order="Hypocreales" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="harzianum">
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E2BFFA6F428A920FE7F9B44" box="[275,507,1089,1110]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Trichoderma harzianum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E2BFFA6F73AA920FD8D9B45" bold="true" box="[513,521,1089,1111]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">(</emphasis>
A
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E2BFFA6F721A920FDA69B45" bold="true" box="[538,546,1089,1111]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">)</emphasis>
Growth on PDA,
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E2BFFA6F7EBA920FD5C9B45" bold="true" box="[720,728,1089,1111]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">(</emphasis>
B
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E2BFFA6F7D3A920FD749B45" bold="true" box="[744,752,1089,1111]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">)</emphasis>
Pustules,
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E2BFFA6F66AA920FCDD9B45" bold="true" box="[849,857,1089,1111]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">(</emphasis>
C
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E2BFFA6F652A920FCF59B45" bold="true" box="[873,881,1089,1111]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">)</emphasis>
Reverse of the plate;
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E2BFFA6F179A920FBCE9B45" bold="true" box="[1090,1098,1089,1111]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">(</emphasis>
D, E
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E2BFFA6F14DA920FBFA9B45" bold="true" box="[1142,1150,1089,1111]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">)</emphasis>
Conidiophore branching,
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E2BFFA6F042A920FA059B45" bold="true" box="[1401,1409,1089,1111]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">(</emphasis>
F,G
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E2BFFA6F098A920FA2F9B45" bold="true" box="[1443,1451,1089,1111]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">)</emphasis>
ampulliform phialides,
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E2BFFA6F452A904FEF59B69" bold="true" box="[361,369,1125,1147]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">(</emphasis>
H
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E2BFFA6F4B9A904FE0E9B69" bold="true" box="[386,394,1125,1147]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">)</emphasis>
Spores,
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E2BFFA6F4E6A904FE619B69" bold="true" box="[477,485,1125,1147]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">(</emphasis>
I
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E2BFFA6F4D6A904FE719B69" bold="true" box="[493,501,1125,1147]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">)</emphasis>
Spores under SEM,
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E2BFFA6F786A904FD419B69" bold="true" box="[701,709,1125,1147]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">(</emphasis>
J
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E2BFFA6F7F5A904FD529B69" bold="true" box="[718,726,1125,1147]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">)</emphasis>
Chlamydospores.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D3936C95E2BFFA6F5B3AABBFCC39706" blockId="12.[136,1451,2010,2068]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E2BFFA6F5B3AABBFE9698E2" bold="true" box="[136,274,2010,2032]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">FIGURE.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="5A864D4A5E2BFFA6F427AABBFE7F98FD" box="[284,507,2010,2031]" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Hypocreaceae" genus="Trichoderma" kingdom="Fungi" order="Hypocreales" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="hamatum">
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E2BFFA6F427AABBFE7F98FD" box="[284,507,2010,2031]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Trichoderma hamatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E2BFFA6F4C7AABBFD8098E2" bold="true" box="[508,516,2010,2032]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">(</emphasis>
A
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E2BFFA6F72EAABBFD9998E2" bold="true" box="[533,541,2010,2032]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">)</emphasis>
Growth on PDA,
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E2BFFA6F7E7AABBFD6098E2" bold="true" box="[732,740,2010,2032]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">(</emphasis>
B
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E2BFFA6F7CFAABBFD7898E2" bold="true" box="[756,764,2010,2032]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">)</emphasis>
Pustules,
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E2BFFA6F65DAABBFCEA98E2" bold="true" box="[870,878,2010,2032]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">(</emphasis>
C
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E2BFFA6F645AABBFC0298E2" bold="true" box="[894,902,2010,2032]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">)</emphasis>
Reverse of the plate,
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E2BFFA6F150AABBFBF798E2" bold="true" box="[1131,1139,2010,2032]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">(</emphasis>
D
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E2BFFA6F1BFAABBFB0898E2" bold="true" box="[1156,1164,2010,2032]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">)</emphasis>
pustule,
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E.F
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E2BFFA6F02EAABBFA9998E2" bold="true" box="[1301,1309,2010,2032]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">)</emphasis>
Conidiophore branching,
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E2BFFA6F5CFAA9FFF789706" bold="true" box="[244,252,2046,2068]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">(</emphasis>
G,H,I
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Phialide disposition,
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E2BFFA6F730AA9FFD979706" bold="true" box="[523,531,2046,2068]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">(</emphasis>
J
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E2BFFA6F727AA9FFDA09706" bold="true" box="[540,548,2046,2068]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">)</emphasis>
Spores,
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K
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E2BFFA6F7AAAA9FFD1D9706" bold="true" box="[657,665,2046,2068]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">)</emphasis>
Chlamydospores.
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109
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Section—
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<paragraph id="9D3936C95E31FFBCF5B3AC83FE979EEE" blockId="22.[136,1452,482,1156]" box="[136,275,482,508]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Description:</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D3936C95E31FFBCF586AF67FC0B9D7A" blockId="22.[136,1452,482,1156]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Colony: 6.0–7.0 cm growth was observed in 4 days on PDA medium. Conidiation effuse covering the entire surface of the plate, or forming spreading, light yellowish green flat pustules concentrated near the margin, later turning dark green. Reverse colourless and sometimes drab coloured.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D3936C95E31FFBCF586AF13FB029DC6" blockId="22.[136,1452,482,1156]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Conidiophores: Conidiophores arising in clusters in lateral branches from undifferentiated aerial mycelium, at the base sterile and un-branched, but the upper part fertile toward the apex,each branch terminating in a penicillus of (2–)3–6 closely appressed phialides. The entire branching system irregular and uncrowded.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D3936C95E31FFBCF586AFBFFE679C52" blockId="22.[136,1452,482,1156]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Phialides: Phialides mainly arising in closely appressed whorls of 2–5 on terminal branches, less frequently in pairs or singly, straight, lageniform to ampulliform and sometimes laginiform to subulate, base constricted, swollen in the middle, attenuate at the tip.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D3936C95E31FFBCF586AE2BFB0B9C9B" blockId="22.[136,1452,482,1156]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Conidia: Broadly ellipsoidal to obvoidal and minutely warted at high magnifications (SEM), 3.5–8.0 × 3.0–5.0 µm, dark green. Conidia from adjacent phialides often coalescing into large gloeoid masses.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D3936C95E31FFBCF586AEF3FAED9CBF" blockId="22.[136,1452,482,1156]" box="[189,1385,914,941]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Chlamydospores: Chlamydospores abundant, terminal and intercalary, globose to sub-globose, 6.0–12 µm.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D3936C95E31FFBCF586AED7FBCE9CC3" blockId="22.[136,1452,482,1156]" box="[189,1098,950,977]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
Cultures examined: ITCC6461 (Soil, New
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); ITCC 6470 (Soil, New
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<paragraph id="9D3936C95E31FFBCF586AEBBFAB79B73" blockId="22.[136,1452,482,1156]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Diagnostic features: In the plate light yellowish green flat pustules concentrated near the margin turning to dark green.Conidiophore branching terminating in a penicillus of (2–)3–6 closely appressed phialideswhich are straight, lageniform to ampulliform, sometimes subulate, base constricted, swollen in the middle, attenuate at the tip. Conidia obvoidal and minutely warted. Conidia from adjacent phialides often coalescing into large gloeoid masses.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D3936C95E31FFBCF586A90BFD449B96" blockId="22.[136,1452,482,1156]" box="[189,704,1130,1156]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Ecology and habitats: Wood, soil, other fungi.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9D3936C95E33FFBEF5ADAB03FC589969" blockId="20.[136,988,1633,1696]" box="[150,988,1633,1660]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<heading id="C67181A55E33FFBEF5ADAB03FC589969" box="[150,988,1633,1660]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" reason="4">
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E33FFBEF5ADAB03FC589969" bold="true" box="[150,988,1633,1660]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
9.
<taxonomicName id="5A864D4A5E33FFBEF589AB00FD4A996E" ID-CoL="7D3RN" authority="Bissett, Can. J. Bot." box="[178,718,1633,1660]" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Hypocreaceae" genus="Trichoderma" kingdom="Fungi" order="Hypocreales" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="tomentosum">
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E33FFBEF589AB00FE59996E" bold="true" box="[178,477,1633,1660]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Trichoderma tomentosum</emphasis>
Bissett, Can. J. Bot.
</taxonomicName>
69:, 99. Figure
</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="D59C65425E33FFBCF5B3ABE7FE689E5A" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="23" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="description">
<paragraph id="9D3936C95E33FFBEF5B3ABE7FE0C99B2" blockId="20.[136,988,1633,1696]" box="[136,392,1670,1696]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
Section—
<taxonomicName id="5A864D4A5E33FFBEF5CCABE7FE0C99B2" box="[247,392,1670,1696]" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Hypocreaceae" genus="Trichoderma" kingdom="Fungi" order="Hypocreales" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">Trichoderma</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D3936C95E33FFBEF5B3ABAFFE9799FA" blockId="20.[136,1452,1742,2092]" box="[136,275,1742,1768]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Description:</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D3936C95E33FFBEF586AB93FA04986A" blockId="20.[136,1452,1742,2092]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
Colony:
<quantity id="5A7E9B2C5E33FFBEF426AB93FE00981E" box="[285,388,1778,1805]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.25" metricValueMax="7.5" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" unit="cm" value="7.25" valueMax="7.5" valueMin="7.0">7–7.5 cm</quantity>
growth was observed in four days. White mycelium growing mostly at the edge of the petriplate with white small pustules. Reverse of the plate was colourless. Pustules scattered around the periphery of the Petri dish, yellow-green or gray-green, uniformly cottony.pustules pulvinate and conspicuously hairy, very dense. Fertile extensions of conidiophores not formed. Sterile hairs spiraled, branched, thin-walled, septate, and acute at the tip.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D3936C95E33FFBEF586AAE3FA0D98F6" blockId="20.[136,1452,1742,2092]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Conidiophores: Conidiophores comprising an branched and unbranched sterile hair from the base of which arise at right angles short, broad lateral branches, each comprising a 3–4 cells, rebranching at right angles to produce secondary fertile branches of 1–2 cells with phialides arising from the primary and secondary branches in clusters.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D3936C95E33FFBEF586AA8FFD20973E" blockId="20.[136,1452,1742,2092]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Phialides: Phialides are ampulliform, short and broad, almost ovoidal with a distinct neck, forming in dense, grape-like clusters at the tips of fertile branches.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D3936C95E32FFBFF5B3AE83FB429B09" blockId="21.[136,1452,994,1052]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E32FFBFF5B3AE83FF759CE5" bold="true" box="[136,241,994,1016]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Figure.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="5A864D4A5E32FFBFF5C3AE83FE6B9CEA" box="[248,495,994,1016]" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Hypocreaceae" genus="Trichoderma" kingdom="Fungi" order="Hypocreales" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="tomentosum">
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E32FFBFF5C3AE83FE6B9CEA" box="[248,495,994,1016]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Trichoderma tomentosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E32FFBFF4CDAE83FE7A9CEA" bold="true" box="[502,510,994,1016]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">(</emphasis>
A
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E32FFBFF734AE83FD939CEA" bold="true" box="[527,535,994,1016]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">)</emphasis>
Growth on PDA,
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E32FFBFF7F0AE83FD579CEA" bold="true" box="[715,723,994,1016]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">(</emphasis>
B
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E32FFBFF7D8AE83FD6F9CEA" bold="true" box="[739,747,994,1016]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">)</emphasis>
Pustules,
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E32FFBFF674AE83FCD39CEA" bold="true" box="[847,855,994,1016]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">(</emphasis>
C
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E32FFBFF65CAE83FCEB9CEA" bold="true" box="[871,879,994,1016]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">)</emphasis>
Reverse of the plate,
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E32FFBFF17DAE83FBCA9CEA" bold="true" box="[1094,1102,994,1016]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">(</emphasis>
D,E
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E32FFBFF14FAE83FBF89CEA" bold="true" box="[1140,1148,994,1016]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">)</emphasis>
Sterile hairs extending beyond pustules,
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E32FFBFF5D8A967FF6F9B0E" bold="true" box="[227,235,1030,1052]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">(</emphasis>
F,G,H
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E32FFBFF41EA967FEA99B0E" bold="true" box="[293,301,1030,1052]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">)</emphasis>
Conidiophores consisting of a sterile elongation with phialides clustered at the base,
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E32FFBFF164A967FBE39B0E" bold="true" box="[1119,1127,1030,1052]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">(</emphasis>
I
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E32FFBFF154A967FBF39B0E" bold="true" box="[1135,1143,1030,1052]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">)</emphasis>
Spores.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D3936C95E32FFBFF5B3AA8DFC029734" blockId="21.[136,1451,2028,2086]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E32FFBFF5B3AA8DFE8A9713" bold="true" box="[136,270,2028,2050]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">FIGURE.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="5A864D4A5E32FFBFF428AA8DFE4A9710" box="[275,462,2028,2050]" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Hypocreaceae" genus="Trichoderma" kingdom="Fungi" order="Hypocreales" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="virens">
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E32FFBFF428AA8DFE4A9710" box="[275,462,2028,2050]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Trichoderma virens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E32FFBFF4E8AA8DFE5F9710" bold="true" box="[467,475,2028,2050]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">(</emphasis>
A,B
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E32FFBFF739AA8DFD8E9710" bold="true" box="[514,522,2028,2050]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">)</emphasis>
Growth on PDA,
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E32FFBFF78DAA8DFD3A9710" bold="true" box="[694,702,2028,2050]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">(</emphasis>
C
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E32FFBFF7F5AA8DFD529710" bold="true" box="[718,726,2028,2050]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">)</emphasis>
Pustules,
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E32FFBFF60DAA8DFCBA9710" bold="true" box="[822,830,2028,2050]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">(</emphasis>
D
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E32FFBFF66BAA8DFCDC9710" bold="true" box="[848,856,2028,2050]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">)</emphasis>
Reverse of the plate,
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E32FFBFF11EAA8DFBA99710" bold="true" box="[1061,1069,2028,2050]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">(</emphasis>
E,F
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E32FFBFF174AA8DFBD39710" bold="true" box="[1103,1111,2028,2050]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">)</emphasis>
Conidiophore branching,
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E32FFBFF06BAA8DFADC9710" bold="true" box="[1360,1368,2028,2050]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">(</emphasis>
G,H, I,J
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E32FFBFF098AA8DFA2F9710" bold="true" box="[1443,1451,2028,2050]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">)</emphasis>
Phialide disposition,
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E32FFBFF469A571FEDE9734" bold="true" box="[338,346,2064,2086]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">(</emphasis>
K
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E32FFBFF450A571FEF79734" bold="true" box="[363,371,2064,2086]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">)</emphasis>
Spores,
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E32FFBFF4FCA571FE4B9734" bold="true" box="[455,463,2064,2086]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">(</emphasis>
L
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E32FFBFF4D9A571FE6E9734" bold="true" box="[482,490,2064,2086]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">)</emphasis>
Spores under SEM,
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E32FFBFF789A571FD3E9734" bold="true" box="[690,698,2064,2086]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">(</emphasis>
M
<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E32FFBFF7F4A571FD539734" bold="true" box="[719,727,2064,2086]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">)</emphasis>
Chlamydospores.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D3936C95E31FFBCF586ADFFFB809FAA" blockId="22.[136,1451,158,328]" box="[189,1028,158,185]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Conidia: Conidia green, broadly ellipsoidal, 3.0–5.0× 2.0–3.5 µm, smooth.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D3936C95E31FFBCF586ADA3FC959FCF" blockId="22.[136,1451,158,328]" box="[189,785,194,221]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<materialsCitation id="2DEE3C945E31FFBCF586ADA3FC899FCF" box="[189,781,194,221]" collectionCode="ITCC" country="India" location="Soil" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" specimenCode="ITCC 7269" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Kerala">
Culture Examined:
<specimenCode id="CD209EB25E31FFBCF4A2ADA3FD9C9FCE" box="[409,536,194,220]" collectionCode="ITCC" country="Italy" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/em9k-h6wg" name="Istituto Tecnico Stattale &amp;quot;Camillo Cavour&amp;quot;" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">ITCC 7269</specimenCode>
(
<location id="985960125E31FFBCF71CADA3FDDC9FCE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:152F87DF5E33FFBCF5ADAB03FE689E5A:985960125E31FFBCF71CADA3FDDC9FCE" box="[551,600,194,220]" country="India" name="Soil" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" stateProvince="Kerala">Soil</location>
,
<collectingCountry id="E59176595E31FFBCF758ADA3FD2E9FCE" box="[611,682,194,220]" name="India" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Kochi</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="5F42F82B5E31FFBCF78EADA3FC819FCF" box="[693,773,194,221]" country="India" name="Kerala" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Kerala</collectingRegion>
)
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.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D3936C95E31FFBCF586AD87FCF99E36" blockId="22.[136,1451,158,328]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
Diagnostic features:
<taxonomicName id="5A864D4A5E31FFBCF497AD87FD549E13" box="[428,720,230,257]" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Hypocreaceae" genus="Trichoderma" kingdom="Fungi" order="Hypocreales" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="tomentosum">Trichoderma tomentosum</taxonomicName>
can be distinguished by the small conidia, short phialides and conidiophores apical elongations that are sterile, long and flexuous.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D3936C95E31FFBCF586AC4FFE689E5A" blockId="22.[136,1451,158,328]" box="[189,492,302,328]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Ecology and habitats: Soil.</paragraph>
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</treatment>
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7.
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<emphasis id="AFF2EADB5E33FFBEF589ADFCFE7D9FAA" bold="true" box="[178,505,157,184]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Trichoderma saturnisporum</emphasis>
Hammill, Mycologia
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6:, 970.
<figureCitation id="05BD2A4C5E33FFBEF698ADFCFB8A9FAA" box="[931,1038,157,184]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="11.[136,234,1032,1054]" captionTargetBox="[376,1211,199,999]" captionTargetId="figure-18@11.[367,1219,190,1008]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 9. Trichoderma erinaceum (A) Growth on PDA, (B) Pustules, (C) Reverse of the plate, (D) Conidiophore branching, (E,F) Phialide disposition, (G) Spores, (H) Chlamydospores." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5424900" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5424900/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Figure 9</figureCitation>
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<subSubSection id="D59C65425E33FFBEF5B3ADA3FC8D9C52" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="description">
<paragraph id="9D3936C95E33FFBEF5B3ADA3FE3D9FCE" blockId="20.[136,1038,157,220]" box="[136,441,194,220]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Section—Longibrachiatum</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D3936C95E33FFBEF5B3AC6BFE979E36" blockId="20.[136,1452,266,832]" box="[136,275,266,292]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Description:</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D3936C95E33FFBEF586AC4FFAEB9E7E" blockId="20.[136,1452,266,832]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
Colony: 7.0–
<quantity id="5A7E9B2C5E33FFBEF46AAC4FFE1F9E5A" box="[337,411,302,329]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" unit="cm" value="8.5">8.5 cm</quantity>
growth was observed in 4 days on PDA medium. White fluffy pustules turning to grey-green colour with the age. The pustules uniformly spreaded throughout the plate. Reverse of the plate is yellow-green.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D3936C95E33FFBEF586AC17FDB09EEE" blockId="20.[136,1452,266,832]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Conidiophores: Conidiophores arising from the aerial mycelium of developed pustules, asymmetrically branched, the branches producing phialides directly or rebranching, the secondary branches producing phialides along the length and ending in a single phialide; sometimes the main axis of a conidiophore is terminating in a sterile, septate, branched or unbranched, hypha-like elongation.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D3936C95E33FFBEF586AF67FC4F9D56" blockId="20.[136,1452,266,832]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Phialides: Phialides mainly arising singly, less frequently in appressed to divergent whorls of 2–3, typically curved, ampulliform to broadly lageniform, sometimes hooked or sinuous.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D3936C95E33FFBEF586AF2FFDC79D9E" blockId="20.[136,1452,266,832]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Conidia: Conidia green, smooth walled but with conspicuous sinuate, bullate or wing like inflations of the outer wall, ellipsoidal, 4.5–7.5 × 3.5–4.5 µm.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D3936C95E33FFBEF586AFF7FC4B9DA2" blockId="20.[136,1452,266,832]" box="[189,975,662,688]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Chlamydospores: Chlamydospores present, globose, 6.0–12.0 µm dia.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D3936C95E33FFBEF586AFDBFBE59DC6" blockId="20.[136,1452,266,832]" box="[189,1121,698,725]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
Culture examined:ITCC 7273 (Soil,
<collectingRegion id="5F42F82B5E33FFBEF76CAFDBFD589DC7" box="[599,732,698,725]" country="India" name="Chandigarh" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Chandigarh</collectingRegion>
) ITCC 7274 (Soil, Palampur, HP).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D3936C95E33FFBEF586AFBFFAFA9C0E" blockId="20.[136,1452,266,832]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Diagnostic features: Conidiophores are asymmetrically branched producing single curved, ampulliform, lageniform, hooked or sinuous phialides directly.Conidia have conspicuous wing like inflations on the outer wall.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D3936C95E33FFBEF586AE47FC8D9C52" blockId="20.[136,1452,266,832]" box="[189,777,806,832]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Ecology and habitats: Wood, herbaceous tissue, soil.</paragraph>
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8.
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Bissett, Can. J. Bot.
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69: 08, 99. Figure 0
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Section—
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<paragraph id="9D3936C95E33FFBEF5B3AEBBFE979CE6" blockId="20.[136,1452,986,1588]" box="[136,275,986,1012]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Description:</paragraph>
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Colony:
<quantity id="5A7E9B2C5E33FFBEF418AE9FFE209B0A" box="[291,420,1022,1049]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="6.5" metricValueMin="5.5" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" unit="cm" value="6.0" valueMax="6.5" valueMin="5.5">5.5–6.5 cm</quantity>
growth was observed in four days. Aerialmycelium floccose. Numerous compact white pustules turning to dull green then dark green, sometimes arranged concentrically, sparingly around the margin. Reverse of the plate is dull yellowish to colourless.
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<paragraph id="9D3936C95E33FFBEF586A90BFD129A06" blockId="20.[136,1452,986,1588]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Conidiophores: Conidiophorestypically comprising a sterile hair from the base of which arise short, broad fertile branches. Sterile hairs conspicuous, typically spiraled or sinuous, septate, thin-walled, infrequently branched, subacute at the tip. Fertile branches progressively longer with distance from the tip of the sterile hair, the shortest branches comprising 2–3 cells from which arise a few secondary branches thatcomprise 1–2 cells; the secondary branches may rebranch to form single-celled fertile branches;</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D3936C95E33FFBEF586A87FFAB29A4E" blockId="20.[136,1452,986,1588]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Phialides: Phialides arise singly, directly from any of the branches, or they arise in whorls at the ends of branches; phialides often doliiform when clustered, when not densely clustered they are ampulliform and cylindrical.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D3936C95E33FFBEF5B3A807FBA99A92" blockId="20.[136,1452,986,1588]" box="[136,1069,1382,1409]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Conidia: Conidia are green, globose to sub globose, 3.0–6.0 × 2.5–5.0 µm. smooth.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D3936C95E33FFBEF586A8EBFBFD9AB6" blockId="20.[136,1452,986,1588]" box="[189,1145,1418,1445]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Chlamydospore: Chlamydospores globose to subglobose, minute, 7.0–15.0 µm diam.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D3936C95E33FFBEF586A8CFFCCB9ADB" blockId="20.[136,1452,986,1588]" box="[189,847,1454,1481]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Culture examined: ITCC 7276 (Soil, TNAU, Coimbatore).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D3936C95E33FFBEF586A8B3FC3C9902" blockId="20.[136,1452,986,1588]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Diagnostic features: Conspicuous, typical, spiraled or sinuous, septate sterile hairs are present phialides arise singly, doliiform when clustered, ampulliform and cylindrical when free.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D3936C95E33FFBEF586AB7BFE689926" blockId="20.[136,1452,986,1588]" box="[189,492,1562,1588]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Ecology and habitats: Soil.</paragraph>
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16.
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Martens, Maghradze and Barjadze, 2021: 543-548 (figs 1-18, original description, drawings of genitalia, pedipalp, chelicera; habitus drawing and photographs)
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- Martens, Maghradze and Barjadze, 2023: 368 (mention, new locality)
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<paragraph id="99F6C9AA4E64056F5B04F85544FDD121" pageId="0" pageNumber="211">Georgia, Imereti, Tskaltubo Municipality, Sataphlia-Tskaltubo karst massif, Melouri Cave.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C13DB37648E4CC26B9F63250A4C72874" pageId="0" pageNumber="211">Occurrence data in Georgia.</paragraph>
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• Melouri Cave, Tskaltubo Municipality; leg. E. Maghradze, 21 February 2019 / 1 January 2020 / 3 March 2020 (
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). • Solkota Cave, Tskaltubo Municipality; leg. E. Maghradze and Sh. Barjadze, 28 August 2021 (
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).
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<paragraph id="321AC1FEC9C10AA574B93A162404B892" pageId="0" pageNumber="211">Global distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3DBF074E64160E15E8B63DBE154FCED2" pageId="0" pageNumber="211">
Endemic to caves of Georgia (
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,
<bibRefCitation id="5814CE72F420AFF9A17795DD36F422A5" DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5293.2.9" author="Martens, J" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="211" pagination="361 - 370" refId="B29" refString="Martens, J, Maghradze, E, Barjadze, Sh, 2023. An additional species of the genus Nemaspela Silhavy from a cave in Georgia, with a note on Nemaspela melouri (Opiliones: Nemastomatidae). Zootaxa 5293: 361 - 370, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5293.2.9" title="An additional species of the genus Nemaspela Silhavy from a cave in Georgia, with a note on Nemaspela melouri (Opiliones: Nemastomatidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5293.2.9" volume="5293" year="2023">2023</bibRefCitation>
).
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<emphasis id="2BE8976E8D0CE2D812F8D13EEA9FC521" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="115556">Taxon:</emphasis>
family: Ariophantidae; genus: Microcystina; scientificNameAuthorship: Marzuki,
<collectorName id="163B2C48ECAF3A67BE79C3E9C9468958">Liew</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="6C0F8620171D16C1EDF77CD527833B10">Mohd-Azlan</collectorName>
, 2021;
<emphasis id="EBE99D9F346C340E87FE77BBAAA1BC87" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="115556">Location:</emphasis>
locality:
<location id="617C66EDB98ACACB3D38A44C94EA3079" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:152FD73BBC225A4E81F6633907038B66:617C66EDB98ACACB3D38A44C94EA3079" country="Sarawak" name="Batu Kudik, Simunjan, Sarawak" pageId="0" pageNumber="115556">
Batu Kudik, Simunjan,
<collectingCountry id="A19DB7CA5A84B88959D92C13D850B289" name="Malaysia">Sarawak</collectingCountry>
</location>
<materialsCitation id="2A549F379EA1614002C855F0B2219564" collectingDate="2024-01-01" collectingDateMax="2024-12-31" collectingDateMin="2024-01-01" collectionCode="ME" collectorName="Liew, Mohd-Azlan" country="Sarawak" location="Batu Kudik, Simunjan, Sarawak" pageId="0" pageNumber="115556" specimenCode="ME 13364" specimenCount="5" typeStatus="Other material">
<emphasis id="A380824189E6BE2FA9F0D378C16D3D67" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="115556">Type status:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="1AC72B0112EBFEB073B6FEDFE9DBEF37" collectingDate="2024-01-01" collectingDateMax="2024-12-31" collectingDateMin="2024-01-01" collectionCode="ME" collectorName="Liew, Mohd-Azlan" country="Sarawak" location="Batu Kudik, Simunjan, Sarawak" specimenCode="ME 13364" specimenCount="5" typeStatus="Other material">
<typeStatus id="2DC867E04DA331E8D980D59FC36B6F3F" pageId="0" pageNumber="115556">Other material</typeStatus>
.
<emphasis id="0AD14EA5080F98447E5512717657841A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="115556">Occurrence:</emphasis>
catalogNumber:
<specimenCode id="163A5424850BF547CD5EB0E73CCA92A1" pageId="0" pageNumber="115556">ME 13364</specimenCode>
; individualCount:
<specimenCount id="044013357C080D4F56AD88961C51ECB9" count="5" pageId="0" pageNumber="115556" type="generic">5</specimenCount>
; occurrenceID:
<uuid id="3B80DC10F9A60B37CFF365DEAE15F2BF">A277D6B6-649E-599F-BEAC-657B09E1E0A7</uuid>
;
<emphasis id="BDA7D1C67CADCCFE3B94D6B7FDAF1CCE" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="115556">Taxon:</emphasis>
family: Ariophantidae; genus: Microcystina; scientificNameAuthorship: Marzuki,
<collectorName id="EE44F702787292D1B0901ACCC174161B">Liew</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="058A27F26B4F84219A31248A9EAF8EAF">Mohd-Azlan</collectorName>
, 2021;
<emphasis id="E6E441175D0AF04A33D63EFF1CB01EB1" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="115556">Location:</emphasis>
locality:
<location id="9ED8547BC4761B57B0628402A1BF474D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:152FD73BBC225A4E81F6633907038B66:9ED8547BC4761B57B0628402A1BF474D" country="Sarawak" name="Batu Kudik, Simunjan, Sarawak" pageId="0" pageNumber="115556">
Batu Kudik, Simunjan,
<collectingCountry id="63936AC66924472F56E7D79C65BB3F36" name="Malaysia">Sarawak</collectingCountry>
</location>
</materialsCitation>
</materialsCitation>
</materialsCitation>
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="07905BFAFE5C8309142E6018B3AFADC2" pageId="0" pageNumber="115556" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="39D1216D988D567EAE144D05EC73EFB1" pageId="0" pageNumber="115556">Distribution</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DA753FEA70F755CCD8E0D5D2FFA9D9BA" pageId="0" pageNumber="115556">
Sarawak: Kuching and Samarahan Divisions (
<bibRefCitation id="A6D94E9EBEB665B968DC43A08E34D489" author="Marzuki, M. E." journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="115556" pagination="13 - 113" refId="B10565373" refString="Marzuki, M. E., Liew, T. S., Jayasilan., Mohd-Azlan, 2021. Land snails and slugs of Bau limestone hills, Sarawak (Malaysia, Borneo), with the descriptions of 13 new species. ZooKeys 1035: 13 - 113" title="Land snails and slugs of Bau limestone hills, Sarawak (Malaysia, Borneo), with the descriptions of 13 new species." volume="1035" year="2021">Marzuki et al. 2021</bibRefCitation>
). Endemic to western Sarawak.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F3DDC17452F07B52589513639657F5E3" pageId="0" pageNumber="115556" type="notes">
<paragraph id="49339313C5F9ED89789CA7C4ABFB3C90" pageId="0" pageNumber="115556">Notes</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F910E524859D1650C08A17A42919CD2A" pageId="0" pageNumber="115556">
Only dry shells were found during the surveys. The representative is shown in Fig.
<figureCitation id="D26CC4DEC1952FC5C187CEF6D278FD09" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="F10618455" captionText="Figure 19. Apertural, posterial, umbilical and apical views of Microcystina paripari (ME 13364). Scale = 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/BDJ.12.e115556.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/949246" pageId="0" pageNumber="115556">19</figureCitation>
. The identification of the species was based on the original description by
<bibRefCitation id="D25E2B530389856DA509F4F6013497F6" author="Marzuki, M. E." journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="115556" pagination="13 - 113" refId="B10565373" refString="Marzuki, M. E., Liew, T. S., Jayasilan., Mohd-Azlan, 2021. Land snails and slugs of Bau limestone hills, Sarawak (Malaysia, Borneo), with the descriptions of 13 new species. ZooKeys 1035: 13 - 113" title="Land snails and slugs of Bau limestone hills, Sarawak (Malaysia, Borneo), with the descriptions of 13 new species." volume="1035" year="2021">Marzuki et al. (2021)</bibRefCitation>
. Holotype, seen (MZU.MOL.20.12).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<taxonomicName id="42A2EBE0D80715B86679E4F311CCD27E" ID-CoL="3WD9S" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1753" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Onagraceae" genus="Ludwigia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="alternifolia" status="spec. nov.">Ludwigia alternifolia</taxonomicName>
,
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<paragraph id="F13E203BE41AC49F6EF605CD93572C5C" pageNumber="118">1. Ludvigia foliis alternis lanceolatis.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="785086E6079951334EAC28220F2B4658" pageNumber="118">
Ludvigia capsulis cubicis apice perforatis.
<emphasis id="08597566ACA7A212C02F9F8047E20777" italics="true">Hort. ups.30.</emphasis>
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Ludvigia capsulis subrotundis.
<emphasis id="F0830CDCA7A7150D5F43660605E8DCBA" italics="true">Hort. cliff. 491. Roy. lugdb. 252.</emphasis>
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.
<emphasis id="D494769E2F21556957383A5535641585" italics="true">Gron. virg. 17.</emphasis>
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Lysimachia non papposa, flore luteo majore, siliqua caryophylloide minore, ex virginia.
<emphasis id="83087A67CFFF63FCCC67D16D92B99ED9" italics="true">Pluk. alm. 235. t.203. f.2.</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="8F49728658301E2A46DBDC2DE48B4125" pageNumber="119">
<emphasis id="4D55324300DF4459E462F8E3A941CB2B" italics="true">Habitat in</emphasis>
Virginia
<emphasis id="789B0B5B4DE94668C685CAD6C6C5F967" italics="true">. ☉</emphasis>
</paragraph>
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</treatment>
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