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<document ID-CLB-Dataset="292586" ID-GBIF-Dataset="d837e5f0-a2f9-434a-9f43-f22880c32646" checkinTime="1706642177723" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Info Flora" docDate="2021" docId="15133DBA54616A7E94A3BD5E98DEB845" docLanguage="de" docName="InfoFlora.Orchidaceae.xml" docOrigin="https://www.infoflora.ch/de/flora/orchidaceae.html (accessed 2023-10-20)" docSource="https://www.infoflora.ch/de/flora/orchidaceae.html" docTitle="Aceras anthropophorum W. T. Aiton" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" id="0239F487375FA89DE04C3A41AC136FB3" masterDocId="2CB4879B9345F171414E8C882066710D" masterDocTitle="Info Flora Schweiz - Orchidaceae" updateTime="1712203182226" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="152A2334A27F887043F51DD677E72EB8" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="1DC50F528A06D0EFDBE91F4A6CC29612">
<mods:title id="628BA40020B7C28AA332D16CB35E76F2">Info Flora Schweiz - Orchidaceae</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="8EAB74068E7AD6B1289C8B95D6B521AC" type="personal">
<mods:role id="3195C47D5698F9AA5A07F7E4F349AE4F">
<mods:roleTerm id="2673F8740B5DB0474CA7FB06988A87B4">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="E03D1C70A2771129BAE59FCADE9CB1E3">Info Flora</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="18D907C40E3265CBE40FA9A34B2D623C">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:originInfo id="F70895E376C4CDD0232301520B462A06">
<mods:dateIssued id="BC19CE30CE434D64234F87641B36A63F">2021</mods:dateIssued>
<mods:dateCaptured id="6F946CF7810B45B01210F83D310E61DB">2023-10-20</mods:dateCaptured>
<mods:publisher id="CC632478B399748F8FF275D7A15559C4">Info Flora Schweiz</mods:publisher>
<mods:place id="E82C1948D62E3F286A5DFB7D00D75C49">
<mods:placeTerm id="AAD8916655B439105A07780BF9BF4FDE">Geneve</mods:placeTerm>
</mods:place>
</mods:originInfo>
<mods:location id="317C89CBD8CC90081AD58BA1A5674747">
<mods:url id="A528EA51C6E9428E3363EDB9BF822B95">https://www.infoflora.ch/de/flora/orchidaceae.html</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification id="E34E5C35CEE3CDD5AB6C51063293AE9B">url</mods:classification>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="15133DBA54616A7E94A3BD5E98DEB845" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10922242" ID-GBIF-Taxon="224777685" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10922242" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:15133DBA54616A7E94A3BD5E98DEB845" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/15133DBA54616A7E94A3BD5E98DEB845">
<subSubSection id="28812B6439BA28348B8AF41B3B2FBB11" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="536D29DF857DD1DE451DC95FECFE74D7">
<taxonomicName id="2D7BDB52A0939BC50F5D853EFF0885B0" ID-CoL="7QC9M" authority="(L.) W. T. Aiton" authorityName="W. T. Aiton" baseAuthorityName="L." class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Aceras" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="anthropophorum">
<emphasis id="789C57DCB7D713EA778AB615427655A0" italics="true">Aceras anthropophorum</emphasis>
(L.) W. T. Aiton
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A9679795EB289A74A58A2C31238EADB2" type="vernacular_names">
<paragraph id="17D6B566421C4D8BEC8CF01C1C4FA396">
<vernacularName id="3F2F7E2CC677E32D52E233957F353FF7">Ohnsporn</vernacularName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="BC3502C446BA00AB5F36748DA0A870BD" type="multiple">
<paragraph id="C8EC4EEC6D801CC34DA2E89EF3D4E9F4">
Art ISFS: 900 Checklist: 1000160
<taxonomicName id="CD7EFA300C7BDEA3EB42CEDCC5F69120" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Orchidaceae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="3E270335B435393BBB4E74F3E153F025" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Aceras" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Aceras</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="661E4927F40537AAB4D193F38764F612" authority="(L.) W. T. Aiton" authorityName="W. T. Aiton" baseAuthorityName="L." class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Aceras" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="anthropophorum">Aceras anthropophorum (L.) W. T. Aiton</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EFE4021DE7C68CB2DC8E283EDFFBFD6A">
<heading id="F37BC0AE0B3F7C6E3AA90F793155A8D0">Zusammenfassung</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="1366F614A55AA4D63017866FF36FA823" type="description">
<paragraph id="B978618E7F927EAEFC001851170EE16B">
Artbeschreibung
<emphasis id="D4C488F008272DF2558DAFB5A745CA2D" italics="true">
(nach
<bibRefCitation id="924D297C701A5DF15AC2414C4280F70A" ID-ISBN="978-3-258-08047-5" author="Lauber, K. &amp; Wagner, G. &amp; Gygax, A." location="Bern" publisher="Haupt Verlag" refString="Lauber, K., Wagner, G., Gygax, A. 2018. Flora Helvetica. Haupt Verlag, Bern. ISBN: 978-3-258-08047-5." title="Flora Helvetica" year="2018">Lauber &amp; al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
:
<normalizedToken id="6A378B7CCFEF728AB971F72BC64408AE" originalValue="Stängel">Staengel</normalizedToken>
<quantity id="8398C63FE0B54D52E35DDB13EF3B2684" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="2.0" unit="cm" value="30.0" valueMax="40.0" valueMin="20.0">20-40 cm</quantity>
hoch, nur unten
<normalizedToken id="E1324D6D60E142935311BD359D4428B3" originalValue="beblättert">beblaettert</normalizedToken>
.
<normalizedToken id="01B493C6CEEF9F5F63167C3AE1806C49" originalValue="Blätter">Blaetter</normalizedToken>
den
<normalizedToken id="9E3E2AD5BDDD4F3AFD7BE29BFAB70DAB" originalValue="Stängel">Staengel</normalizedToken>
scheidig umfassend.
<normalizedToken id="FA598A2AA9E4C50675DF0496EA79EEA3" originalValue="Blütenstand">Bluetenstand</normalizedToken>
schlank und lang zylindrisch,
<normalizedToken id="C8959406DE1F483D3474694A5BD47EAB" originalValue="vielblütig">vielbluetig</normalizedToken>
.
<emphasis id="FF7B00B5ADF02C9F74AB50BA2A96B545" bold="true">
<normalizedToken id="1A8A14E8FF4C47DF3E7517D4F8600F8A" originalValue="Perigonblätter">Perigonblaetter</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="2B6E6ACDE5562E02ED5412B0E30CAB34" originalValue="gelbgrün">gelbgruen</normalizedToken>
, zu einem Helm zusammenneigend
</emphasis>
, die 3
<normalizedToken id="CFAA20C4D4E05A680CAA34A29E25CAD5" originalValue="äusseren">aeusseren</normalizedToken>
oval, oft braunviolett berandet, die beiden inneren schmal-lanzettlich.
<emphasis id="975173DCCEC070BB0CF584E2E77A2802" bold="true">
Lippe ca.
<quantity id="A9A9A785B6092E4059F2ADD38D057995" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
lang,
<normalizedToken id="7CB61F25EAA57944A5D2EC3900B17D5E" originalValue="gelbgrün">gelbgruen</normalizedToken>
bis rotbraun
</emphasis>
, mit ca.
<quantity id="4511B96B2AD83998D1EF42DBC4B7A5E1" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
breitem, 2spaltigem Mittelabschnitt und ca. 0,5 mm breiten Seitenabschnitten. Kein Sporn.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5B97D09AB0994A61B9C41E6FD1A045F3" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="36B6BE3079E6E2AD490784C77522B553">
<normalizedToken id="BD886393AD734788B22381960F6472A2" originalValue="Blütezeit">Bluetezeit</normalizedToken>
<emphasis id="AAE804A8174F77974E7DC2488261B843" italics="true">
(nach
<bibRefCitation id="6F32B48CCB6AC55CAE3C39D01D7A530D" ID-ISBN="978-3-258-08047-5" author="Lauber, K. &amp; Wagner, G. &amp; Gygax, A." location="Bern" publisher="Haupt Verlag" refString="Lauber, K., Wagner, G., Gygax, A. 2018. Flora Helvetica. Haupt Verlag, Bern. ISBN: 978-3-258-08047-5." title="Flora Helvetica" year="2018">Lauber &amp; al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
: 5-6
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7F71AFCB161C02B6A17F345C4D68CADF">
Standort und Verbreitung in der Schweiz
<emphasis id="490D42C80507F54391407A435F1C1673" italics="true">
(nach
<bibRefCitation id="1153463BFD0748AB523F00BF324E2510" ID-ISBN="978-3-258-08047-5" author="Lauber, K. &amp; Wagner, G. &amp; Gygax, A." location="Bern" publisher="Haupt Verlag" refString="Lauber, K., Wagner, G., Gygax, A. 2018. Flora Helvetica. Haupt Verlag, Bern. ISBN: 978-3-258-08047-5." title="Flora Helvetica" year="2018">Lauber &amp; al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
: Magerwiesen, lichte
<normalizedToken id="E061CEF203FE1909B8C32E32CEB781E6" originalValue="Laubmischwälder">Laubmischwaelder</normalizedToken>
/ kollin(-montan) / J, MW, ANW, VS, sonst vereinzelt
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="374B693D9FAC7CEA980DE7036D3D363E" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="B98C1BAE6CF22B9D84B96F5DAC91D8D0">
Verbreitung global
<emphasis id="22157820DD1A79D9A57CAD61570269D9" italics="true">
(nach
<bibRefCitation id="D489351DD9156BDA19F67E86558734CD" ID-ISBN="978-3-258-08047-5" author="Lauber, K. &amp; Wagner, G. &amp; Gygax, A." location="Bern" publisher="Haupt Verlag" refString="Lauber, K., Wagner, G., Gygax, A. 2018. Flora Helvetica. Haupt Verlag, Bern. ISBN: 978-3-258-08047-5." title="Flora Helvetica" year="2018">Lauber &amp; al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
: Mediterran
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="1B7B252164C4898D037FA23F2A4371C1" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="ACBEE455BEB2766C0832332E92FCC9DD">
<normalizedToken id="5D1E40B9E2E00C133C93C765C25B3380" originalValue="Ökologische">Oekologische</normalizedToken>
Zeigerwerte
<emphasis id="050B33D3C991DBC6BC96178CF4DFD3E3" italics="true">
(nach
<bibRefCitation id="780F406A351F8853E0EC7BED04D7B557" author="Landolt, E. &amp; Bäumler, B. &amp; Erhardt, A. &amp; Hegg, O. &amp; Klötzli, F. &amp; Lämmler, W. &amp; Nobis, M. &amp; Rudmann-Maurer, K. &amp; Theurillat, J.P. &amp; Urmi, E. &amp; Vust, M. &amp; Wohlgemuth, T." publicationUrl="https://www.dora.lib4ri.ch/wsl/islandora/object/wsl%3A9966" refString="Landolt, E., Bäumler, B., Erhardt, A., Hegg, O., Klötzli, F., Lämmler, W., Nobis, M., Rudmann-Maurer, K., Theurillat, J.P., Urmi, E., Vust, M., Wohlgemuth, T. 2010. Flora indicativa. Ökologische Zeigerwerte und biologische Kennzeichen zur Flora der Schweiz und der Alpen (2nd ed.). https://www.dora.lib4ri.ch/wsl/islandora/object/wsl%3A9966" title="Flora indicativa. Ökologische Zeigerwerte und biologische Kennzeichen zur Flora der Schweiz und der Alpen" year="2010">Landolt &amp; al. 2010</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
2 + w42-44 + 2.g.2n=42
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="192129D964515F2AE9CAA5B106DD2A7F" type="multiple">
<paragraph id="062045F888D0F47F2CA4B9E0E696A81A">Status</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0D161DC173904BCA4E825AE171B6B837" type="conservation">
<paragraph id="9E01AC148365431CD8EC3C8E3D926AEC">
<heading id="B4474D4C840B8CF58396962459B651F6">Status IUCN</heading>
: Potenziell
<normalizedToken id="431E5D89D65D81A4E1462493D04AA5C3" originalValue="gefährdet">gefaehrdet</normalizedToken>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="087696DDEC917662BA9F77048B4CABDF" type="multiple">
<paragraph id="CA427BC8DF9115AB45C3EE9353CFD7C3">
<heading id="EA2D7DA6A4EA6984960E318A46D26874">
<normalizedToken id="EC0019FD36E2E5AE133CD1AE49737677" originalValue="Ökologie">Oekologie</normalizedToken>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0369DCD5D295C4FF83D28C61BC6A7F11">Lebensform Geophyt</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FDD611874A517A613A9BDAA3ED267ACC">
<heading id="E587EEA74C70CB23437F7E3C890876BA">Lebensraum Lebensraum</heading>
nach
<bibRefCitation id="8B2534F2697865A3002158A4A56C78F2" author="Delarze, R. &amp; Gonseth, Y. &amp; Eggenberger, S. &amp; Vust, M." location="Bad Hersfeld, Germany" publisher="Ott Verlag" refString="Delarze, R., Gonseth, Y., Eggenberger, S., Vust, M. 2015. Lebensräume der Schweiz: Oekologie – Gefährdung – Kennarten (3rd edition). Ott Verlag, Bad Hersfeld, Germany, 456 pp." title="Lebensräume der Schweiz: Oekologie – Gefährdung – Kennarten (3rd edition)" year="2015">Delarze &amp; al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BB718C7896446C8780F11F5FC5A1323F">
<table id="46DC6658E1677BF90BAF70E9A5F8A003" class="table" inLine="true">
<tbody id="2917CCC6153223ADAC80646F79784AB2">
<tr id="0EF4564109E4ADA0631CEDEBB5F53E85">
<td id="312564217E094EC979B0576480923531">
4.2.4 -
<normalizedToken id="FAA7EFEE650E8C3DD7809F5C4AE7A8C4" originalValue="Mitteleuropäischer">Mitteleuropaeischer</normalizedToken>
Halbtrockenrasen (
<emphasis id="39FD6E1ABE7CB487AD63C3BE3751B107" italics="true">Mesobromion</emphasis>
)
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="AC70B821326ECA10AE95DFCD69369DF3">
<td id="8B00831DE23B20FB24978AE37C2D3B1D">
5.1.1 - Trockenwarmer Krautsaum (
<emphasis id="60CDA35116593FC89108150BFB5E892D" italics="true">
<taxonomicName id="DB084043B4F547963CA315B7D89483C0" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Geraniaceae" genus="Geranion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Geraniales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Geranion</taxonomicName>
sanguinei
</emphasis>
)
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="72C62858B6CB45E706E3402E90BE3B47">
<tableNote id="C93AA6192239573305F59866E1F023C1">
<emphasis id="4F38948F6E966EB80AEAF262B511FA71" bold="true">fett</emphasis>
<emphasis id="590AF356943FED3EEA5C1D6223CF0DDC" italics="true">
Dominante Art, welche das Aussehen des Lebensraumes
<normalizedToken id="0FE3E66377FCEDDC7E033B59518704B2" originalValue="mitprägt">mitpraegt</normalizedToken>
</emphasis>
<emphasis id="CA93E08CD29254E2AFCF8C95242F7980" italics="true">Charakterart</emphasis>
<emphasis id="373CB35C2FB03A6B83A4667CC881E235" italics="true">Weniger strikt an den Lebensraum gebundene Art</emphasis>
</tableNote>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="682761C5219C3F5900BA23CA52EA43E6" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="4605DE9C5130B8A510419BC7BCF72465">
<normalizedToken id="222A531DA41F624AE2D31543F550047A" originalValue="Ökologische">Oekologische</normalizedToken>
Zeigerwerte nach
<bibRefCitation id="23A524C64D92783C32C2B964B67A6EE9" author="Landolt, E. &amp; Bäumler, B. &amp; Erhardt, A. &amp; Hegg, O. &amp; Klötzli, F. &amp; Lämmler, W. &amp; Nobis, M. &amp; Rudmann-Maurer, K. &amp; Theurillat, J.P. &amp; Urmi, E. &amp; Vust, M. &amp; Wohlgemuth, T." publicationUrl="https://www.dora.lib4ri.ch/wsl/islandora/object/wsl%3A9966" refString="Landolt, E., Bäumler, B., Erhardt, A., Hegg, O., Klötzli, F., Lämmler, W., Nobis, M., Rudmann-Maurer, K., Theurillat, J.P., Urmi, E., Vust, M., Wohlgemuth, T. 2010. Flora indicativa. Ökologische Zeigerwerte und biologische Kennzeichen zur Flora der Schweiz und der Alpen (2nd ed.). https://www.dora.lib4ri.ch/wsl/islandora/object/wsl%3A9966" title="Flora indicativa. Ökologische Zeigerwerte und biologische Kennzeichen zur Flora der Schweiz und der Alpen" year="2010">Landolt &amp; al. (2010)</bibRefCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="122CB5483F8AA934C56B418C5EDD5198">
<table id="924BC26A1DA6542FE1F6FAEB12E1E767" class="table" inLine="true">
<tbody id="3E4D5F11842FE6FC104B41780813F2A4">
<tr id="27CBB9D63087013957124366F6986924">
<th id="35DC48CB5A6A34835C10355C547CFC6C" colspan="2">
<emphasis id="84497D66578ED7D73E301EFB2C8D1973" bold="true">Bodenfaktoren</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="6048D6B5759E6953BD0D0E7818CE14E6" colspan="2">
<emphasis id="BFA20341D09F66DD45D1D15626CA39FC" bold="true">Klimafaktoren</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="1745C755CE215B62C9B1479332335B3D" colspan="2">
<emphasis id="469B878ACFED1BA6D66805BC90AF55D1" bold="true">Salztoleranz</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="E53FAAC5A302D2E8457041D0BFB5B133">
<td id="A0D1820E2A0E8CCEFAE1F5DB23D02660">Feuchtezahl F</td>
<td id="810F07F3C4BB5F4A9930BAB3CECB62DC" style="text-align:left;width:100px">
frisch; Feuchtigkeit
<normalizedToken id="D8749456FF7F348AC3351C49B075CD2E" originalValue="mässig">maessig</normalizedToken>
wechselnd (
<normalizedToken id="5FF694D829C47A14823B105E8C1569A2" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
1-2 Stufen)
</td>
<td id="7CBD75418A8DA791A9FAC7B78AC23F72">Lichtzahl L</td>
<td id="F6D426A00E09A50EA0B748FA492AC7AD" style="text-align:left;width:60px">hell</td>
<td id="78311EFD70989592C5FC23DDCD810079">Salzzeichen</td>
<td id="03AC3ECA1E467061CE9A125EE89DB88B" style="text-align:left;width:60px">--</td>
</tr>
<tr id="33A0C48637C2204BD0DB8D14238D87E4">
<td id="78695A34704695D3682D2EE48116B440">Reaktionszahl R</td>
<td id="BEEE538EC20456254BA443A308ECF0BB" style="text-align:left">neutral bis basisch (pH 5.5-8.5)</td>
<td id="DFE667264906960EEF0B0470489C819C">Temperaturzahl T</td>
<td id="F89A87DBEE9DDD744A7CD3CBB479CE4E" style="text-align:left">warm-kollin</td>
</tr>
<tr id="56390747F1BC850BB0A742B718F8D4EB">
<td id="ED12D51DC2EE1D3CB044C7771B4B43F2">
<normalizedToken id="6D46828F1CBFF2805957D5A51E4437F9" originalValue="Nährstoffzahl">Naehrstoffzahl</normalizedToken>
N
</td>
<td id="E6C2AC36BBB97097E34476B0BEA9BC89" style="text-align:left">
<normalizedToken id="969290229B5D1B6F9CDC9910809A3865" originalValue="nährstoffarm">naehrstoffarm</normalizedToken>
</td>
<td id="E7E8E0F127BD31A143DB0BB735B1DEE9">
<normalizedToken id="EB5B5A2B6589D1C15D7D828819EB1952" originalValue="Kontinentalitätszahl">Kontinentalitaetszahl</normalizedToken>
K
</td>
<td id="87373536ACC2A907EE340FDCA39C9C0B" style="text-align:left">subozeanisch (hohe Luftfeuchtigkeit, geringe Temperaturschwankungen, eher milde Winter)</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6BF761A33471C6F9FA93366B88F0855E" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="682C4EAA57FA2F208FFC16098BAC7416">
<heading id="0F71270D30FD26F9AFAA3D26324EFDFD">Nomenklatur</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C8369BC7DAD50B9D5B1F57F7B3B34F3E">
<treatmentCitation id="0C1D2E55EF6E3C113441FD696AD6697C">
<heading id="3C73BD2B772CAFDE2D194DAB00D20519">
<normalizedToken id="D99DED6AD52EE0CC5E855B27064D8771" originalValue="Gültiger">Gueltiger</normalizedToken>
Name (
<bibRefCitation id="D9E00F1428C5B9895655F4A9D428A0AC" author="Juillerat, P. &amp; Bäumler, B. &amp; Bornand, C. &amp; Gygax, A. &amp; Jutzi, M. &amp; Möhl, A. &amp; Nyffeler, R. &amp; Sager, L. &amp; Santiago, H. &amp; Eggenberg, S." publicationUrl="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10680266" publisher="Info Flora" refString="Juillerat, P., Bäumler, B., Bornand, C., Gygax, A., Jutzi, M., Möhl, A., Nyffeler, R., Sager, L., Santiago, H., and Eggenberg, S. (2017). Checklist 2017 der Gefässpflanzenflora der Schweiz / de la flore vasculaire de la Suisse / della flora vascolare della Svizzera. Info Flora. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10680266" title="Checklist 2017 der Gefässpflanzenflora der Schweiz / de la flore vasculaire de la Suisse / della flora vascolare della Svizzera" year="2017">Checklist 2017</bibRefCitation>
)
</heading>
:
<taxonomicName id="8468AA9E6F57B3E9D326621CF5D53E13" ID-CoL="7QC9M" authority="(L.) W. T. Aiton" authorityName="W. T. Aiton" baseAuthorityName="L." class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Aceras" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="anthropophorum">
<emphasis id="E529C9CE4DE2AF71CDD9F280A5AEFFDD" italics="true">Aceras anthropophorum</emphasis>
(L.) W. T. Aiton
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B9EDBF863E59B28738AF8BA9DAC5030A" type="vernacular_names">
<paragraph id="6B93BE04BAC8C030014E31A9A025674C">
Volksname Deutscher Name:
<vernacularName id="BB80C409CD987561E64BBAA0A4D02B87" language="deu">Ohnsporn</vernacularName>
,
<vernacularName id="BFB832D5390EFF91366A2718F732024C" language="deu">Puppenorchis</vernacularName>
,
<vernacularName id="8B7624D82BF7DE8C6F00EFB75BB8016B" language="deu">Spornlos</vernacularName>
Nom
<normalizedToken id="D28D8A22D6FC998D5ADA71CEEA4D9A33" originalValue="français">francais</normalizedToken>
:
<vernacularName id="8E3002A348A7D4C04F718B8694BFA141" language="fra">
<taxonomicName id="29DE89B11016E1BE6A4007CEB6486DF2" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Aceras" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<normalizedToken id="079D498248DEFAAF3C92B132D2C842D8" originalValue="Acéras">Aceras</normalizedToken>
</taxonomicName>
homme pendu
</vernacularName>
Nome italiano:
<vernacularName id="3AC65871DCA7D513280EC2463A6041C1" language="ita">Ballerina</vernacularName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="30F6B554F9741E68CAE5F1535C8D2739" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="A0F99330F5AEC2263E61846733E2EA95">
<normalizedToken id="7FC3E80F1D5F8DD39735B2065A0228EA" originalValue="Übereinstimmung">Uebereinstimmung</normalizedToken>
mit anderen Referenzwerken
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EBC43DC92E2FE51C0ADE11FD0185F27B">
<table id="F727F7059A19BD3C59D9093D49D92B8E" class="table table-condensed" inLine="true">
<tbody id="F9DC95C102E7041EA29BEAA91F5A32B2">
<tr id="9C69141FC2E6ECF98D79FE382027E7D0">
<th id="1CEB0B59C1675965D600BEE4CC6B80AC" width="80px">Relation</th>
<th id="67C6380743FEBB1B9257673D9F33D0A5">Nom</th>
<th id="7DE3E61CE78F57DA3DB953A38AF6CAD6">Referenzwerke</th>
<th id="4A85F24F6E9ECE39771ED877BB680EE8" width="90px">No</th>
</tr>
<tr id="7B1259D19C71174999A0E9BD6C50423C">
<td id="F90210F1639375290AB47DFA596A6DFC" class="taxon-relation">=</td>
<td id="B9D3AD24F510E0BC4686D39B052F665B">
<taxonomicName id="DF1171896B9D36F9F11076E1C8FD458E" authority="(L.) W. T. Aiton" authorityName="W. T. Aiton" baseAuthorityName="L." class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Aceras" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="anthropophorum">Aceras anthropophorum (L.) W. T. Aiton</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="1A95C7CBF96FFC24C6F7765C49A3F391">
<treatmentCitation id="9A5E281F4AF278455BD3ED0F5A32C400">
<bibRefCitation id="38D8218F1960BB2D76E695309457AEE3" author="Juillerat, P. &amp; Bäumler, B. &amp; Bornand, C. &amp; Gygax, A. &amp; Jutzi, M. &amp; Möhl, A. &amp; Nyffeler, R. &amp; Sager, L. &amp; Santiago, H. &amp; Eggenberg, S." publicationUrl="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10680266" publisher="Info Flora" refString="Juillerat, P., Bäumler, B., Bornand, C., Gygax, A., Jutzi, M., Möhl, A., Nyffeler, R., Sager, L., Santiago, H., and Eggenberg, S. (2017). Checklist 2017 der Gefässpflanzenflora der Schweiz / de la flore vasculaire de la Suisse / della flora vascolare della Svizzera. Info Flora. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10680266" title="Checklist 2017 der Gefässpflanzenflora der Schweiz / de la flore vasculaire de la Suisse / della flora vascolare della Svizzera" year="2017">Checklist 2017</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
</td>
<td id="EC2626F4C6C9E9B37B27793AFEDEA1B7">900</td>
</tr>
<tr id="B5538FAFB04E05B7117C3C0EDBCEFD54">
<td id="7CC5858C39483519813765F02BD34E6A" class="taxon-relation">=</td>
<td id="55BCE8D1E5F6E65934FEFD293F8D6786">
<taxonomicName id="966D086F08DCAD14199ADB2F53B0E171" authority="(L.) W. T. Aiton" authorityName="W. T. Aiton" baseAuthorityName="L." class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Aceras" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="anthropophorum">Aceras anthropophorum (L.) W. T. Aiton</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="90F7BC109709A90D76CC7DEF4829FB32">
<treatmentCitation id="413E92BA24C3E2033BF4CE191720D6D3">
<bibRefCitation id="56F40D7285E083E65A577F589EE5C6EA">Flora Helvetica 2001</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
</td>
<td id="0E90CE74550EB2E3E8FF7E0E6AD52DEC">2964</td>
</tr>
<tr id="90A9C61C1174FF21225CCA28622684CA">
<td id="7E758A6A31672D1005E8C1420D098C8E" class="taxon-relation">=</td>
<td id="14A8EF247E6CB681368A52E2308A6C3D">
<taxonomicName id="A29FA55C5DFDE7B390A3079B3147A027" authority="(L.) W. T. Aiton" authorityName="W. T. Aiton" baseAuthorityName="L." class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Aceras" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="anthropophorum">Aceras anthropophorum (L.) W. T. Aiton</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="A9B025547F58DF79A1D353AF4EC1E56D">
<treatmentCitation id="DC3D48B1FC2A98F538A52E5F037FDF17">
<bibRefCitation id="124A88E31422CE507CB7D78F30B382B2">Flora Helvetica 2012</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
</td>
<td id="1F6D43A114F614555DDAE5815580A19A">2548</td>
</tr>
<tr id="E6C02E530CF6029527F3FCB982C5920C">
<td id="CD79A83DBBC3B653CFEA2270C2D32636" class="taxon-relation">=</td>
<td id="83F88912EDBFE170D7789A32454DB08C">
<taxonomicName id="EFEE2AC7735AD6C85E1F0C05F7EAD38E" authority="(L.) W. T. Aiton" authorityName="W. T. Aiton" baseAuthorityName="L." class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Aceras" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="anthropophorum">Aceras anthropophorum (L.) W. T. Aiton</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="24F5EA5FEE72926DE83CF51BD153761D">
<treatmentCitation id="757B445891E8F7CFF77434CA35A6902F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/840CEBDC5F264A965F580882D8BEF603">
<bibRefCitation id="AC230F72D3CA627BCD308BAFC750ECDD">Flora Helvetica 2018</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
</td>
<td id="AA67E0E952A5DFC88CAF4431AD0C0F9A">2548</td>
</tr>
<tr id="D70A9953618536B770024D26829FE234">
<td id="81917EC466E3618FA3F9C8FD429159A6" class="taxon-relation">=</td>
<td id="942FADD04DF83E3230FAA7389F1D4EE4">
<taxonomicName id="79897D88810F4578B72CF5A97F681ECB" authority="(L.) W. T. Aiton" authorityName="W. T. Aiton" baseAuthorityName="L." class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Aceras" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="anthropophorum">Aceras anthropophorum (L.) W. T. Aiton</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="2EAA25852E3A498778AD78AB3BF8AA49">
<treatmentCitation id="3C8D64BC79627E03927A6461C3064B62">
<bibRefCitation id="FF457E62794E1B7D0BA38B39D7FB4624">Index synonymique 1996</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
</td>
<td id="F36B2D946F18DD623C7A860BBFE872C1">900</td>
</tr>
<tr id="69030D1F4BB6A101C097EECEF86C2144">
<td id="AD132A157C3EFE136AB01AB9D177E0DC" class="taxon-relation">=</td>
<td id="5331500C881A99DF0766BDFFFB9EA355">
<taxonomicName id="0BC8BA1B1B3A3161A45618559174018D" authority="(L.) W. T. Aiton" authorityName="W. T. Aiton" baseAuthorityName="L." class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Aceras" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="anthropophorum">Aceras anthropophorum (L.) W. T. Aiton</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="28A5C1E40A9920453E7E3F1B6B356B6C">
<treatmentCitation id="3F64408E4414D6A627ACA9245024D7B9">
<bibRefCitation id="522A19EA1A398EB37EF3E0950FEFE09A">Landolt 1977</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
</td>
<td id="D0E34B05E4671AFC867DEF8A44FEB12A">749</td>
</tr>
<tr id="6E6F99FCD2421D001E4AB8449CED1568">
<td id="4F2FE7D9DC7EE11506C65CF564D26CD0" class="taxon-relation">=</td>
<td id="E6816B2D7862A6DA287733C4DD13EECF">
<taxonomicName id="466AA9DF9E3D61D3E7D497B2D9EAA34B" authority="(L.) W. T. Aiton" authorityName="W. T. Aiton" baseAuthorityName="L." class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Aceras" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="anthropophorum">Aceras anthropophorum (L.) W. T. Aiton</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="B4EC58A685C605404FFF64A4643E82B2">
<treatmentCitation id="7C00DC96BD6FB1F9091E8B92D33701AA">
<bibRefCitation id="6947D2742964F2FCEB3B0A54D4983AEC">Landolt 1991</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
</td>
<td id="C5FBA1FB8A047B59547A5EF9A3F8DF6D">656</td>
</tr>
<tr id="A5996FB252429399D2824C945B270A34">
<td id="862EFC8B1BBF6CF16B4EADCF424260B4" class="taxon-relation">=</td>
<td id="C582509952862C17098B5030F29C3A65">
<taxonomicName id="DED97857DAF93F1423CA3080170BDE88" authority="(L.) W. T. Aiton" authorityName="W. T. Aiton" baseAuthorityName="L." class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Aceras" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="anthropophorum">Aceras anthropophorum (L.) W. T. Aiton</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="FFF34E41CC8039729CAF723E4D37CC37">
<treatmentCitation id="03EE0A83181A3E73D7559FEF7A6ABF95">
<bibRefCitation id="D947C9DDB33E47FDC815946C03DC5BA0">SISF/ISFS 2</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
</td>
<td id="5CDECFD018FB85691EFDCDB37D7FC3E7">900</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1B9732CF4B737244B1B18480A0A87BE7">
<td id="01B0D8BADDD1D866F1F53D68E000CD32" class="taxon-relation">=</td>
<td id="33B934F045F87454A5E56E9EC0797A8C">
<taxonomicName id="2264A8670314E9A0408741D589BF8C0D" authority="(L.) W. T. Aiton" authorityName="W. T. Aiton" baseAuthorityName="L." class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Aceras" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="anthropophorum">Aceras anthropophorum (L.) W. T. Aiton</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="4AE12FB56A510F6DDB854EE2A570AA4B">
<treatmentCitation id="2A7975422D994E720EA08637E6C4B81E">
<bibRefCitation id="995018B5DA06BD63B6D5F17CF4566C54">Welten &amp; Sutter 1982</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
</td>
<td id="C0F8D3BAF033738AEB901162737999F4">2561</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CE8491E16C716251A19417C4EDC102A7">
<tableNote id="B0C826AAC935EDF77B8880C762383E01">
= Taxon stimmt mit akzeptiertem Taxon
<normalizedToken id="B4ED7E48727335DAF149C72B051AABAD" originalValue="überein">ueberein</normalizedToken>
(
<bibRefCitation id="55CE64200987B58139E154599E5B8E28" author="Juillerat, P. &amp; Bäumler, B. &amp; Bornand, C. &amp; Gygax, A. &amp; Jutzi, M. &amp; Möhl, A. &amp; Nyffeler, R. &amp; Sager, L. &amp; Santiago, H. &amp; Eggenberg, S." publicationUrl="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10680266" publisher="Info Flora" refString="Juillerat, P., Bäumler, B., Bornand, C., Gygax, A., Jutzi, M., Möhl, A., Nyffeler, R., Sager, L., Santiago, H., and Eggenberg, S. (2017). Checklist 2017 der Gefässpflanzenflora der Schweiz / de la flore vasculaire de la Suisse / della flora vascolare della Svizzera. Info Flora. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10680266" title="Checklist 2017 der Gefässpflanzenflora der Schweiz / de la flore vasculaire de la Suisse / della flora vascolare della Svizzera" year="2017">Checklist 2017</bibRefCitation>
) &lt;Taxon ist im akzeptierten Taxon (
<bibRefCitation id="9A38334A8CDF743D2933F66BC55FFFA2" author="Juillerat, P. &amp; Bäumler, B. &amp; Bornand, C. &amp; Gygax, A. &amp; Jutzi, M. &amp; Möhl, A. &amp; Nyffeler, R. &amp; Sager, L. &amp; Santiago, H. &amp; Eggenberg, S." publicationUrl="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10680266" publisher="Info Flora" refString="Juillerat, P., Bäumler, B., Bornand, C., Gygax, A., Jutzi, M., Möhl, A., Nyffeler, R., Sager, L., Santiago, H., and Eggenberg, S. (2017). Checklist 2017 der Gefässpflanzenflora der Schweiz / de la flore vasculaire de la Suisse / della flora vascolare della Svizzera. Info Flora. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10680266" title="Checklist 2017 der Gefässpflanzenflora der Schweiz / de la flore vasculaire de la Suisse / della flora vascolare della Svizzera" year="2017">Checklist 2017</bibRefCitation>
) enthalten&gt; Taxon
<normalizedToken id="FB09FD4C6224FD5F9CED5F578848F259" originalValue="enthält">enthaelt</normalizedToken>
(neben anderen) auch das akzeptierte Taxon (
<bibRefCitation id="2B49BDE31CAD34B4411D5140C9B63F82" author="Juillerat, P. &amp; Bäumler, B. &amp; Bornand, C. &amp; Gygax, A. &amp; Jutzi, M. &amp; Möhl, A. &amp; Nyffeler, R. &amp; Sager, L. &amp; Santiago, H. &amp; Eggenberg, S." publicationUrl="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10680266" publisher="Info Flora" refString="Juillerat, P., Bäumler, B., Bornand, C., Gygax, A., Jutzi, M., Möhl, A., Nyffeler, R., Sager, L., Santiago, H., and Eggenberg, S. (2017). Checklist 2017 der Gefässpflanzenflora der Schweiz / de la flore vasculaire de la Suisse / della flora vascolare della Svizzera. Info Flora. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10680266" title="Checklist 2017 der Gefässpflanzenflora der Schweiz / de la flore vasculaire de la Suisse / della flora vascolare della Svizzera" year="2017">Checklist 2017</bibRefCitation>
)
</tableNote>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B883499AD535916912C9165FA5D30E2E" type="conservation">
<paragraph id="B5CC4FCEBDCEEAA5B92D70C6BDA7B8AD">
<heading id="D53DD381920F5A1C38CC9409B5979500">Status Indigenat</heading>
: Indigen
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="99367C0918AC82C88B06DD3F314A1531">
<emphasis id="8FC51ABADEFF40225F768650A5CC7DC4" bold="true">
<heading id="4273DAB1167B5EE88E85A29BC2CAC6A8">
Liste der
<normalizedToken id="C8F625AAB199BA9992EF4B0829B35982" originalValue="gefährdeten">gefaehrdeten</normalizedToken>
Pflanzen IUCN
</heading>
(nach
<bibRefCitation id="65F64C84BAB06752906E08D47143D6C2" author="Walter, K.S. &amp; Gillett, H.J." location="Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK" publicationUrl="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.44833" publisher="IUCN" refString="Walter, K.S. and Gillett, H.J. (editors). 1998. 1997 IUCN Red List of Threatened Plants. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.44833" title="IUCN Red List of Threatened Plants" year="1997">Walter &amp; Gillett 1997</bibRefCitation>
):
</emphasis>
Nein
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A5196D5B09470D1341F86DA2023B1C0A">
<heading id="49FAA464ACD47EA846434EA0704BBFCD">Status Rote Liste national 2016</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FFE44FF69DFBE39FA58947C090671736">
<heading id="2243136989C1821C17B50351B415A4BE">Status IUCN</heading>
: Potenziell
<normalizedToken id="26484FB1D43F5270866E418C1F677EFA" originalValue="gefährdet">gefaehrdet</normalizedToken>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="262AFBE842CA0BBC82B0C2D505B4D88C">
<heading id="CEF5232917A94612E9EC06B917475347">
<normalizedToken id="79E6D069CBBBA3D3C2D848FCF08531DE" originalValue="Zusätzliche">Zusaetzliche</normalizedToken>
Informationen
</heading>
Kriterien IUCN: B2b(iii)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8AADDC39FCB5B13B6E68453A8951CCC5">
<heading id="4423E39798CC4E63A59B10E719B5E80D">Status Rote Liste regional 2019</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2552AA40CB0305266115CAB5C703A961">
<table id="88CE4E21AD68A1ABB3B6F5B0D2FBF67B" class="table table-condensed" inLine="true">
<tbody id="B0C1FCDE50F5C189D59E1599F4B7F5AA">
<tr id="A2344F8E3CE7D2C4194D8941F9614340">
<th id="326A0C2021B9291B48DFAEFCC8E7300B">Biogeografische Regionen</th>
<th id="715ECF081E216558F57F166771450627">Status</th>
<th id="2CB10B279EAD67B2979BE21CE916E2D0">Kriterien IUCN</th>
</tr>
<tr id="9EACE11792E96B61FA7C830FD0712D01">
<td id="7D0C8A3C6D2EB6F25236A6A3955F1204" class="regional_status">Jura (JU)</td>
<td id="83C2775424708209872787C3075BBA4A">
potenziell
<normalizedToken id="47EECD5E39CA4E91B675D28D93A91A21" originalValue="gefährdet">gefaehrdet</normalizedToken>
(Near Threatened)
</td>
<td id="97A99F109583F893A337F14D1A895B28">A3c; B2b(iii)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="EB701C3FE9D42D2DD845E8D88B79DC97">
<td id="7641F3E92BB5CE6186DAE19A3D1BB1B7" class="regional_status">Mittelland (MP)</td>
<td id="31BF50BB9C5F06BCC27D19D243705723">verletzlich (Vulnerable)</td>
<td id="DBED2B5AD069750796E144CDDD7610AC">A3c; B2ab(iii)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3C5028BA1B97E58698AE4A2C716602FC">
<td id="2E8DDE3FCAC38375FE6BEF807513A54D" class="regional_status">Alpennordflanke (NA)</td>
<td id="E0D520909F864ABF02F035B80E2E98D4">
potenziell
<normalizedToken id="6CB0F5421378C7354F1B1B442C734CB9" originalValue="gefährdet">gefaehrdet</normalizedToken>
(Near Threatened)
</td>
<td id="70F7DAC90337DBAA6CB702DC5DFC16AD">A3c; B2b(iii)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="9C165D4F838760BFD0C7364DA43B918A">
<td id="25D95A6ECD3FE855DFA9DBBE1E6D2481" class="regional_status">
<normalizedToken id="106EE8E75ED3D7DB69BA3B53746A8EC6" originalValue="Alpensüdflanke">Alpensuedflanke</normalizedToken>
(SA)
</td>
<td id="A85494BFACAC58EF837D621C8B3834C1">verschollen, vermutlich in der Schweiz ausgestorben (Critically Endangered, Probably Extinct)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="235C837AFBA5551E486806AC32BEB528">
<td id="6F031F564B55CEA30BD512DE2A7EFDA2" class="regional_status">
<normalizedToken id="36BF1BA8880A6D76B7B95D911136AFB8" originalValue="Östliche">Oestliche</normalizedToken>
Zentralalpen (EA)
</td>
<td id="EB0BFFD1968E05159D28EE5E91C22847">--</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1A42E9782E1F2CCDC6C69CA265B8E4BB">
<td id="BCA9E1DDDF41C16FF1A4FA59947F52B5" class="regional_status">Westliche Zentralalpen (WA)</td>
<td id="2D26F58C18394CBDAD2A4294ABE24FF5">
potenziell
<normalizedToken id="688638C1726DDBFBC71C72A18D6BC1A1" originalValue="gefährdet">gefaehrdet</normalizedToken>
(Near Threatened)
</td>
<td id="D55D063B15F4C45E14CACC1BD1F7B342">A3c; B2b(iii)</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="46CF11588B06315EDEF9BD7DB3575F14">
<heading id="24E057ADE3291E1DB22895FEE1F35A7F">
Status nationale
<normalizedToken id="A50C9983BE3B885A192A78B9AAB5E2DA" originalValue="Priorität">Prioritaet</normalizedToken>
/Verantwortung
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C64BC3DF51C240B4D43DBA6F57C2EFC9">
<table id="53C0A207431CB92D731F3473C4C041D3" class="table" inLine="true">
<tr id="89BD3FA3D776982DD4CA1E83B5A11D11">
<td id="18CD9FEBB6AAA380F3C3B0969D4DC106">
Keine nationale
<normalizedToken id="2AFED1904069CBFD923E24F12796F800" originalValue="Priorität">Prioritaet</normalizedToken>
oder internationale Verantwortung
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BF98F23E3D49BFE9CD7BB208083F4999">
<heading id="29EA67EA87AD6F305C13BAF5471E7535">Schutzstatus</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BFF7715822915A083F2AC4927F96DA94">
<table id="CE17327816AC57ACFAB4B4764FEA5FD3" class="table table-condensed" inLine="true">
<tbody id="B4DB8C8F588AC02BFD3A7E75832F3579">
<tr id="AECA6552EC718987BBE6AC5056D69263">
<td id="1BC77B5B7749F5972BA61AB99B2222B1" colspan="2">
<emphasis id="582E89A46DD6E371ACBADDE153F26E0A" bold="true">International (Berner Konvention)</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="160446F41DF0B45232087F2BEDBFEACD" width="90px">Nein</td>
</tr>
<tr id="E6C5C163DF9AF93269F7ACBF10B5CD15">
<td id="249DB162D614CB93F2B203139A3AE19B">
<emphasis id="B22CA2F4CB56C9383018CFAA4B5DEDDA" bold="true">AG</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="181B3EFBDA8627BA2DBF8B9C48F3200F" width="150px">
<normalizedToken id="601891CBD05A3A4413BE53ABA06312E7" originalValue="Vollständig">Vollstaendig</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="AD0BE762627E10E01933D2F0A261C9FE" originalValue="geschützt">geschuetzt</normalizedToken>
</td>
<td id="F89AB8FDA1688E1D8BB3EC6D0B1ED589">(01.01.2010)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="8E4332EB52306CFB7719EF089DA97CB3">
<td id="D4AA0CC6305D3662B56846C30E8967AA">
<emphasis id="B5EAC98271BD1296B2A76D30D7D0C34F" bold="true">BE</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="7FF2F7FD48B2B86AFCFC526ED72741FF" width="150px">
<normalizedToken id="664CB7F58B8F791ECD6497416498AE04" originalValue="Vollständig">Vollstaendig</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="E6DD9A8919EC8D3A11C8B805E713FB88" originalValue="geschützt">geschuetzt</normalizedToken>
</td>
<td id="3369F0C3131453C02557B78BC9FCE923">(01.01.2016)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="69F1BDBC72E72A905066F0271D2F4767">
<td id="D64ACD5634E0E3DC5D3370791754F0F9">
<emphasis id="AF61E3ACAF0EA1FE0B4BB0C928745611" bold="true">FR</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="C32194AE71341011EF8B7CE149183F8A" width="150px">
<normalizedToken id="4BEE167B966C83205AD6A5D1B87216C5" originalValue="Vollständig">Vollstaendig</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="BB214C8821E48CD3360D6E0F6A4F9113" originalValue="geschützt">geschuetzt</normalizedToken>
</td>
<td id="9C045C94B1ABEDDD5DEBA9CCFBE31663">(12.03.1973)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="D32759F78CA3A3A1EDBA3C7F24989C6B">
<td id="6623F6DDD2F401C71414F3EE3E75F891">
<emphasis id="A81BB66A62BA65C38126C050AFDDDC35" bold="true">GR</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="1F85CDDCD4AF17803A1DF038B6A2C838" width="150px">
<normalizedToken id="BA1DBE2FCF1657A7A1BD666952AE45DE" originalValue="Vollständig">Vollstaendig</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="EC08B2D0CF2A7145D240B6D4D4C69C51" originalValue="geschützt">geschuetzt</normalizedToken>
</td>
<td id="2776DD6673C7E1C8F909B74BE4330B7E">(01.12.2012)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="B26559C046284F7F40C757AEA43D4E08">
<td id="4046A068F7DA1432FB0084A700D1C580">
<emphasis id="DD9F31780F4C966C26406F340FBF3D33" bold="true">JU</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="ABFCECA1069889922250D295E269A125" width="150px">
<normalizedToken id="A4BD7E85F26C71E0602DB95419CD601E" originalValue="Vollständig">Vollstaendig</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="199366E2E13176E21FB6D18E0D3F70D6" originalValue="geschützt">geschuetzt</normalizedToken>
</td>
<td id="F1C85E1944CEA414D93797A85A4A1BA7">(06.12.1978)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="B38F4C21E3BF34A2C5537E134281BB51">
<td id="410A95E9003B6C8E11EBBFD95239A0B5">
<emphasis id="D0BD41B39EB7CEA7B709BB08697A26A1" bold="true">NE</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="11935600170234188AF38738669DCBFA" width="150px">
<normalizedToken id="9ABEE1F865B9678128DBFBC66062DBF3" originalValue="Vollständig">Vollstaendig</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="C003518405DD6AD379DE8083937BC512" originalValue="geschützt">geschuetzt</normalizedToken>
</td>
<td id="A34F0A7674C47C73344ED2E0E5D1C139">(01.08.2013)</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E494D36EE4B34552716060EA2803D9EF">
<table id="A157306F0CD056FC8DD3FA980BDFA5A1" class="table table-condensed" inLine="true">
<tbody id="8D6BB439774845D4E61E61391CDD539C">
<tr id="CEBC40EB28CC38FAA333AC0CE5DCBDE8">
<td id="EE305583FECABE8FB8FA9047D5994157">
<emphasis id="9FF8D12FABFD105D6BFC5A1C61B70D71" bold="true">Schweiz</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="5DE2089FCD41BA0A2FE9CB8A5E4176F8" width="150px">
<normalizedToken id="CE74A4AD2AC3BF6C74F724F67E019943" originalValue="Vollständig">Vollstaendig</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="BBF58523DBEEF692064152E876143BB0" originalValue="geschützt">geschuetzt</normalizedToken>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="EEA3CD6BAEC646A5EF9D9B654D9881CE">
<td id="95B45466E57DE1BC7D9A2CBAF85E6620">
<emphasis id="0AEDEBD4177D5D2ACE969EC779F56087" bold="true">SO</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="A4E656E9C52BC1049827CF00747EE2BA">
Teilweise
<normalizedToken id="FC4D5309F82544C738367EC4351F865A" originalValue="geschützt">geschuetzt</normalizedToken>
</td>
<td id="80B3C8C71BC57476E599C2CB0605E181">(23.02.1972)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="79BF169F1412E687D801A1AFCC40F7EE">
<td id="99D26A087B8F80758B8536E1BDFE2814">
<emphasis id="177046D0DA6A84E2D8324E9C4BDE44BF" bold="true">VD</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="DAFFAFEE9C134B8A724DB6872E604513">
<normalizedToken id="AEAFE0248240907C8C486E31E6BB960B" originalValue="Vollständig">Vollstaendig</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="86A5243956CCBD55BF8D798FE895A1D4" originalValue="geschützt">geschuetzt</normalizedToken>
</td>
<td id="E7A3338DA8186C791597572410589292">(02.03.2005)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="2AE0575C6DBCAB83070F028A0037AF72">
<td id="DDC5CBF48DC92F648AD6FB6E7C17F428">
<emphasis id="C4B50AA55CDFC1EADB3C0040E2E2AC25" bold="true">ZG</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="182316405DCBADAE6BBD0B367209EC25">
<normalizedToken id="6B95775CB78BD2A3A61AA74B1632BDFA" originalValue="Vollständig">Vollstaendig</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="4E5C50C812DC5AB8699BE26B2A5AB39A" originalValue="geschützt">geschuetzt</normalizedToken>
</td>
<td id="1E1DD7D1D2ACBB4FF3C8F8F0ACE45FDA">(01.10.2013)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="B36C8745E51ACD7ECDFA56172064E467">
<td id="89249765BCE74C5B977FAC2884195DE0">
<emphasis id="BF34A02A5D71F5C70840B6608E64781D" bold="true">ZH</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="E206CE82C5A3DF6B5419ADE299BDDE0E">
<normalizedToken id="AFC8C07D70784EF72B589A4382D789BA" originalValue="Vollständig">Vollstaendig</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="2D31EF8713F389C7F1176D6F0D15324C" originalValue="geschützt">geschuetzt</normalizedToken>
</td>
<td id="3B858B1E41AD9D6E645C49FE40723732">(03.12.1964)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="89FFC9AD0E6317ECE5346A2F9A7070BE">
<td id="2CE2007C70160378B345DD32D9CC3FD0">
<emphasis id="5CCA46D694B03F25FF73B767A2F80F72" bold="true">TI</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="E11003CE0D457AD86EA161B9399D3C70">
<normalizedToken id="704D895E4C59B241B7B46B5111AA005D" originalValue="Vollständig">Vollstaendig</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="E256CAAF9FC4FFE35B47A02A08AC8E83" originalValue="geschützt">geschuetzt</normalizedToken>
</td>
<td id="673F4ED1812006530FD02E5CAE770AAF">(23.01.2013)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1733BC36D1DFFB3161155318225D62EA">
<td id="173CBCA35A6594932E355FA7B07D5E76">
<emphasis id="3F468485ADD6B6DF25ACE60188E065AE" bold="true">BL</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="A5EDFBCF666AC6461B0883A8A0729F9F">
<normalizedToken id="B6F761C68874EC66163B10F50A0C037E" originalValue="Vollständig">Vollstaendig</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="81734875BC7A77C148CAF207DC25E540" originalValue="geschützt">geschuetzt</normalizedToken>
</td>
<td id="BAE9EF9EFB03B80BA93DE5EB05D4560B">(01.01.2012)</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

588
data/15/13/3F/15133FAABEB53F0FA348D0315D9EE2E0.xml Normal file
View file

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<mods:title>A species-level taxonomic review and host associations of Glyptapanteles (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Microgastrinae) with an emphasis on 136 new reared species from Costa Rica and Ecuador</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart>Arias-Penna, Diana Carolina</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart>Whitfield, James B.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart>Hebert, Paul D. N.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Fernandez-Triana, Jose L.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4056193" ID-GBIF-Taxon="160511380" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4056193" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:15133FAABEB53F0FA348D0315D9EE2E0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/15133FAABEB53F0FA348D0315D9EE2E0" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/5F6029A3-0CDD-4AB2-AB9F-FA8FC3EDE6D0" authority="Arias-Penna, sp. nov." class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Glyptapanteles" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Glyptapanteles lubomasneri" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lubomasneri">Glyptapanteles lubomasneri Arias-Penna, sp. nov.</taxonomicName>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 142" captionStartId="F141" captionText="Figure 142. Glyptapanteles lubomasneri sp. nov. female 07 - SRNP- 547 DHJPAR 0012892 A Habitus B, E Head, mesosoma B Dorsolareral view E Lateral view C Metanotum, propodeum, dorsolateral view D T 1 - 2, dorsal view F, G Metasoma F Lateral view G Dorsal view H, I Genitalia H Hypopygium, ovipositor, ovipositor sheaths, lateral view I Detail J, K Wings J Fore K Hind." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.890.35786.figure142" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/357240" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.890.35786.figure142">Figs 142</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 143" captionStartId="F142" captionText="Figure 143. Glyptapanteles lubomasneri sp. nov. male 07 - SRNP- 547 DHJPAR 0012892 A Habitus B-D Head B Frontal view C Lateral view D Dorsal view E Mesonotum, dorsal view F Scutellum, metanotum, propodeum, dorsal view G T 1 - 2, dorsal view H, J Metasoma H Dorsal view J Lateral view I Mesosoma, lateral view K, L Wings K Fore L Hind." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.890.35786.figure143" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/357241" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.890.35786.figure143">143</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="female">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Female.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Body length
<quantity metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.07" unit="mm" value="207.0">2.07 mm</quantity>
, antenna length
<quantity metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.53" unit="mm" value="253.0">2.53 mm</quantity>
, fore wing length
<quantity metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.53" unit="mm" value="253.0">2.53 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="type material">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type material.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2456368114" collectingDate="2006-04-13" collectingDateMax="2007-03-05" collectingDateMin="2006-04-13" collectionCode="CNC" collectorName="de Conservacion &amp; Manuel Rios" country="Costa Rica" elevation="440" latitude="11.01926" location="Sector Pitilla" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-85.40997" municipality="Area de Conservacion" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Guanacaste" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<typeStatus>Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
:
<collectingCountry name="Costa Rica">COSTA RICA</collectingCountry>
•
<specimenCount type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
; 06-SRNP-31462, DHJPAR0005112;
<collectingMunicipality>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Área">Area</normalizedToken>
<collectorName>
de
<normalizedToken originalValue="Conservación">Conservacion</normalizedToken>
</collectorName>
</collectingMunicipality>
<collectingRegion country="Costa Rica" name="Guanacaste">Guanacaste</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion country="Costa Rica" name="Guanacaste">Guanacaste</collectingRegion>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:15133FAABEB53F0FA348D0315D9EE2E0:8D89AF2D97761A0CF832316A31C8F597" country="Costa Rica" latitude="11.01926" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-85.40997" municipality="Area de Conservacion" name="Sector Pitilla" stateProvince="Guanacaste">Sector Pitilla</location>
,
<taxonomicName genus="Pasmompa" lsidName="Pasmompa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="genus">Pasmompa</taxonomicName>
; rain forest;
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.4" unit="m" value="440.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.4" unit="m" value="440.0">440 m</elevation>
</quantity>
;
<geoCoordinate degrees="11.01926" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="11.01926">11.01926</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="85.40997" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-85.40997">-85.40997</geoCoordinate>
;
<date value="2007-03-05">
<collectingDate value="2007-03-05">05.iii.2007</collectingDate>
</date>
;
<collectorName>Manuel Rios</collectorName>
leg.; caterpillar collected in second instar; white bud-like cocoons and adhered to the larval cuticle, cocoons formed on
<date value="2006-04-13">
<collectingDate value="2006-04-13">13.iv.2006</collectingDate>
</date>
; adult parasitoid emerged on
<date value="2006-04-18">
<collectingDate value="2006-04-18">18.iv.2006</collectingDate>
</date>
; (
<collectionCode country="Canada" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/y2kv-9w3k" name="Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids, and Nematodes" type="">CNC</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2456368111" collectingDate="2019-01-01" collectingDateMax="2019-12-31" collectingDateMin="2019-01-01" collectionCode="CNC" collectorName="de Conservacion &amp; Manuel Rios" country="Costa Rica" elevation="440" latitude="11.01926" location="Sector Pitilla" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-85.40997" municipality="Area de Conservacion" specimenCount="6" specimenCount-female="4" stateProvince="Guanacaste" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<typeStatus>Paratypes</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
. • 4 (
<specimenCount type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
, 0
<specimenCount>♂</specimenCount>
) (
<specimenCount type="female">3♀</specimenCount>
, 0
<specimenCount>♂</specimenCount>
); 06-SRNP-31462, DHJPAR0005112; same data as for holotype; (
<collectionCode country="Canada" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/y2kv-9w3k" name="Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids, and Nematodes" type="">CNC</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Other material.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Reared material.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2456368113" collectingDate="2005-04-14" collectorName="de Conservacion &amp; Manuel Rios" country="Costa Rica" county="Area de Conservacion" elevation="740" latitude="10.98171" location="Sendero Memos" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-85.42785" municipality="Sector Pitilla" specimenCount="5" specimenCount-female="3" stateProvince="Guanacaste">
<collectingCountry name="Costa Rica">COSTA RICA</collectingCountry>
:
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<collectingCounty>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Área">Area</normalizedToken>
<collectorName>
de
<normalizedToken originalValue="Conservación">Conservacion</normalizedToken>
</collectorName>
</collectingCounty>
<collectingRegion country="Costa Rica" name="Guanacaste">Guanacaste</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<collectingRegion country="Costa Rica" name="Guanacaste">Guanacaste</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<collectingMunicipality>Sector Pitilla</collectingMunicipality>
</emphasis>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:15133FAABEB53F0FA348D0315D9EE2E0:C9901C36B537CDAD0D8F62C84D5367A3" country="Costa Rica" county="Area de Conservacion" latitude="10.98171" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-85.42785" municipality="Sector Pitilla" name="Sendero Memos" stateProvince="Guanacaste">Sendero Memos</location>
</emphasis>
: • 3 (
<specimenCount type="female">2♀</specimenCount>
, 0
<specimenCount>♂</specimenCount>
) (
<specimenCount type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
, 0
<specimenCount>♂</specimenCount>
); 05-SRNP-31506, DHJPAR0004242; rain forest;
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.4" unit="m" value="740.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.4" unit="m" value="740.0">740 m</elevation>
</quantity>
;
<geoCoordinate degrees="10.98171" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="10.98171">10.98171</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="85.42785" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-85.42785">-85.42785</geoCoordinate>
;
<date value="2005-04-14">
<collectingDate value="2005-04-14">14.iv.2005</collectingDate>
</date>
;
<collectorName>Manuel Rios</collectorName>
leg.
</materialsCitation>
; caterpillar collected in third instar; elongate white bud-like cocoons lightly adhered to each other, cocoons adhered to the leaf substrate, cocoons formed on
<date value="2005-04-24">24.iv.2005</date>
; adult parasitoid emerged on
<date value="2005-04-29">29.iv.2005</date>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Área">Area</normalizedToken>
de
<normalizedToken originalValue="Conservación">Conservacion</normalizedToken>
Guanacaste
</emphasis>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Alajuela</emphasis>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Sector
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2456368116" collectingDate="2011-03-19" collectorName="Carolina Cano" country="Saint Kitts and Nevis" elevation="540" latitude="10.86472" location="Tajo Angeles" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-85.41531" specimenCount="5" specimenCount-female="2" specimenCount-male="1">
<collectingCountry name="Saint Kitts and Nevis">
San
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cristóbal">Cristobal</normalizedToken>
</collectingCountry>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:15133FAABEB53F0FA348D0315D9EE2E0:5DAB93EEAE4B805A234207E6A0EDDD9F" country="Saint Kitts and Nevis" latitude="10.86472" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-85.41531" name="Tajo Angeles">
Tajo
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ángeles">Angeles</normalizedToken>
</location>
</emphasis>
: • 3 (
<specimenCount type="female">2♀</specimenCount>
, 0
<specimenCount>♂</specimenCount>
) (0
<specimenCount>♀</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
); 11-SRNP-1210, DHJPAR0042897; rain forest;
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.4" unit="m" value="540.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.4" unit="m" value="540.0">540 m</elevation>
</quantity>
;
<geoCoordinate degrees="10.86472" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="10.86472">10.86472</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="85.41531" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-85.41531">-85.41531</geoCoordinate>
;
<date value="2011-03-19">
<collectingDate value="2011-03-19">19.iii.2011</collectingDate>
</date>
;
<collectorName>Carolina Cano</collectorName>
leg.
</materialsCitation>
</emphasis>
; caterpillar collected in third instar; cocoons in litter or soil; adult parasitoids emerged on
<date value="2011-04-03">03.iv.2011</date>
. •
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2456368112" collectingDate="2011-04-04" collectorName="Carolina Cano" country="San Cristobal" elevation="540" latitude="10.86472" location="Tajo Angeles" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-85.41531" specimenCount="10" specimenCount-female="8">
8 (
<specimenCount type="female">2♀</specimenCount>
, 0
<specimenCount>♂</specimenCount>
) (
<specimenCount type="female">6♀</specimenCount>
, 0
<specimenCount>♂</specimenCount>
); 11-SRNP-1211, DHJPAR0042908; same data for preceding except: adult parasitoid emerged on
<date value="2011-04-04">
<collectingDate value="2011-04-04">04.iv.2011</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Fore telotarsus almost same width throughout, ventral margin without seta, medioposterior band of scutellum only very partially overlapping the medioanterior pit of metanotum (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 142" captionStartId="F141" captionText="Figure 142. Glyptapanteles lubomasneri sp. nov. female 07 - SRNP- 547 DHJPAR 0012892 A Habitus B, E Head, mesosoma B Dorsolareral view E Lateral view C Metanotum, propodeum, dorsolateral view D T 1 - 2, dorsal view F, G Metasoma F Lateral view G Dorsal view H, I Genitalia H Hypopygium, ovipositor, ovipositor sheaths, lateral view I Detail J, K Wings J Fore K Hind." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.890.35786.figure142" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/357240" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.890.35786.figure142">Figs 142C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 143" captionStartId="F142" captionText="Figure 143. Glyptapanteles lubomasneri sp. nov. male 07 - SRNP- 547 DHJPAR 0012892 A Habitus B-D Head B Frontal view C Lateral view D Dorsal view E Mesonotum, dorsal view F Scutellum, metanotum, propodeum, dorsal view G T 1 - 2, dorsal view H, J Metasoma H Dorsal view J Lateral view I Mesosoma, lateral view K, L Wings K Fore L Hind." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.890.35786.figure143" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/357241" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.890.35786.figure143">143F</figureCitation>
), phragma of the scutellum partially exposed (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 142" captionStartId="F141" captionText="Figure 142. Glyptapanteles lubomasneri sp. nov. female 07 - SRNP- 547 DHJPAR 0012892 A Habitus B, E Head, mesosoma B Dorsolareral view E Lateral view C Metanotum, propodeum, dorsolateral view D T 1 - 2, dorsal view F, G Metasoma F Lateral view G Dorsal view H, I Genitalia H Hypopygium, ovipositor, ovipositor sheaths, lateral view I Detail J, K Wings J Fore K Hind." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.890.35786.figure142" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/357240" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.890.35786.figure142">Figs 142B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 143" captionStartId="F142" captionText="Figure 143. Glyptapanteles lubomasneri sp. nov. male 07 - SRNP- 547 DHJPAR 0012892 A Habitus B-D Head B Frontal view C Lateral view D Dorsal view E Mesonotum, dorsal view F Scutellum, metanotum, propodeum, dorsal view G T 1 - 2, dorsal view H, J Metasoma H Dorsal view J Lateral view I Mesosoma, lateral view K, L Wings K Fore L Hind." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.890.35786.figure143" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/357241" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.890.35786.figure143">143F</figureCitation>
), fore wing with vein 2 cu-a absent, with r vein straight, outer side of junction of r and 2RS veins forming a stub (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 142" captionStartId="F141" captionText="Figure 142. Glyptapanteles lubomasneri sp. nov. female 07 - SRNP- 547 DHJPAR 0012892 A Habitus B, E Head, mesosoma B Dorsolareral view E Lateral view C Metanotum, propodeum, dorsolateral view D T 1 - 2, dorsal view F, G Metasoma F Lateral view G Dorsal view H, I Genitalia H Hypopygium, ovipositor, ovipositor sheaths, lateral view I Detail J, K Wings J Fore K Hind." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.890.35786.figure142" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/357240" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.890.35786.figure142">Figs 142J</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 143" captionStartId="F142" captionText="Figure 143. Glyptapanteles lubomasneri sp. nov. male 07 - SRNP- 547 DHJPAR 0012892 A Habitus B-D Head B Frontal view C Lateral view D Dorsal view E Mesonotum, dorsal view F Scutellum, metanotum, propodeum, dorsal view G T 1 - 2, dorsal view H, J Metasoma H Dorsal view J Lateral view I Mesosoma, lateral view K, L Wings K Fore L Hind." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.890.35786.figure143" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/357241" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.890.35786.figure143">143K</figureCitation>
), median area on T2 broader than long, lateral grooves delimiting the median area on T2 distally losing definition on T2 (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 143" captionStartId="F142" captionText="Figure 143. Glyptapanteles lubomasneri sp. nov. male 07 - SRNP- 547 DHJPAR 0012892 A Habitus B-D Head B Frontal view C Lateral view D Dorsal view E Mesonotum, dorsal view F Scutellum, metanotum, propodeum, dorsal view G T 1 - 2, dorsal view H, J Metasoma H Dorsal view J Lateral view I Mesosoma, lateral view K, L Wings K Fore L Hind." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.890.35786.figure143" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/357241" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.890.35786.figure143">Fig. 143G</figureCitation>
), and edges of median area on T2 obscured by weak longitudinal stripes (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 142" captionStartId="F141" captionText="Figure 142. Glyptapanteles lubomasneri sp. nov. female 07 - SRNP- 547 DHJPAR 0012892 A Habitus B, E Head, mesosoma B Dorsolareral view E Lateral view C Metanotum, propodeum, dorsolateral view D T 1 - 2, dorsal view F, G Metasoma F Lateral view G Dorsal view H, I Genitalia H Hypopygium, ovipositor, ovipositor sheaths, lateral view I Detail J, K Wings J Fore K Hind." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.890.35786.figure142" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/357240" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.890.35786.figure142">Figs 142D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 143" captionStartId="F142" captionText="Figure 143. Glyptapanteles lubomasneri sp. nov. male 07 - SRNP- 547 DHJPAR 0012892 A Habitus B-D Head B Frontal view C Lateral view D Dorsal view E Mesonotum, dorsal view F Scutellum, metanotum, propodeum, dorsal view G T 1 - 2, dorsal view H, J Metasoma H Dorsal view J Lateral view I Mesosoma, lateral view K, L Wings K Fore L Hind." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.890.35786.figure143" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/357241" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.890.35786.figure143">143G</figureCitation>
), vertex in dorsal view wide (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 143" captionStartId="F142" captionText="Figure 143. Glyptapanteles lubomasneri sp. nov. male 07 - SRNP- 547 DHJPAR 0012892 A Habitus B-D Head B Frontal view C Lateral view D Dorsal view E Mesonotum, dorsal view F Scutellum, metanotum, propodeum, dorsal view G T 1 - 2, dorsal view H, J Metasoma H Dorsal view J Lateral view I Mesosoma, lateral view K, L Wings K Fore L Hind." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.890.35786.figure143" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/357241" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.890.35786.figure143">Fig. 143D</figureCitation>
), in lateral view, metasoma laterally compressed (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 142" captionStartId="F141" captionText="Figure 142. Glyptapanteles lubomasneri sp. nov. female 07 - SRNP- 547 DHJPAR 0012892 A Habitus B, E Head, mesosoma B Dorsolareral view E Lateral view C Metanotum, propodeum, dorsolateral view D T 1 - 2, dorsal view F, G Metasoma F Lateral view G Dorsal view H, I Genitalia H Hypopygium, ovipositor, ovipositor sheaths, lateral view I Detail J, K Wings J Fore K Hind." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.890.35786.figure142" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/357240" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.890.35786.figure142">Figs 142A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 143" captionStartId="F142" captionText="Figure 143. Glyptapanteles lubomasneri sp. nov. male 07 - SRNP- 547 DHJPAR 0012892 A Habitus B-D Head B Frontal view C Lateral view D Dorsal view E Mesonotum, dorsal view F Scutellum, metanotum, propodeum, dorsal view G T 1 - 2, dorsal view H, J Metasoma H Dorsal view J Lateral view I Mesosoma, lateral view K, L Wings K Fore L Hind." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.890.35786.figure143" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/357241" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.890.35786.figure143">143J</figureCitation>
), T3 longer than T2 (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 142" captionStartId="F141" captionText="Figure 142. Glyptapanteles lubomasneri sp. nov. female 07 - SRNP- 547 DHJPAR 0012892 A Habitus B, E Head, mesosoma B Dorsolareral view E Lateral view C Metanotum, propodeum, dorsolateral view D T 1 - 2, dorsal view F, G Metasoma F Lateral view G Dorsal view H, I Genitalia H Hypopygium, ovipositor, ovipositor sheaths, lateral view I Detail J, K Wings J Fore K Hind." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.890.35786.figure142" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/357240" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.890.35786.figure142">Figs 142G</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 143" captionStartId="F142" captionText="Figure 143. Glyptapanteles lubomasneri sp. nov. male 07 - SRNP- 547 DHJPAR 0012892 A Habitus B-D Head B Frontal view C Lateral view D Dorsal view E Mesonotum, dorsal view F Scutellum, metanotum, propodeum, dorsal view G T 1 - 2, dorsal view H, J Metasoma H Dorsal view J Lateral view I Mesosoma, lateral view K, L Wings K Fore L Hind." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.890.35786.figure143" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/357241" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.890.35786.figure143">143H</figureCitation>
), inner margin of eyes diverging slightly at antennal sockets (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 143" captionStartId="F142" captionText="Figure 143. Glyptapanteles lubomasneri sp. nov. male 07 - SRNP- 547 DHJPAR 0012892 A Habitus B-D Head B Frontal view C Lateral view D Dorsal view E Mesonotum, dorsal view F Scutellum, metanotum, propodeum, dorsal view G T 1 - 2, dorsal view H, J Metasoma H Dorsal view J Lateral view I Mesosoma, lateral view K, L Wings K Fore L Hind." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.890.35786.figure143" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/357241" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.890.35786.figure143">Fig. 143B</figureCitation>
), petiole on T1 evenly narrowing distally and finely sculptured (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 143" captionStartId="F142" captionText="Figure 143. Glyptapanteles lubomasneri sp. nov. male 07 - SRNP- 547 DHJPAR 0012892 A Habitus B-D Head B Frontal view C Lateral view D Dorsal view E Mesonotum, dorsal view F Scutellum, metanotum, propodeum, dorsal view G T 1 - 2, dorsal view H, J Metasoma H Dorsal view J Lateral view I Mesosoma, lateral view K, L Wings K Fore L Hind." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.890.35786.figure143" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/357241" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.890.35786.figure143">Fig. 143G, H</figureCitation>
), and propodeum without a median longitudinal dent (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 142" captionStartId="F141" captionText="Figure 142. Glyptapanteles lubomasneri sp. nov. female 07 - SRNP- 547 DHJPAR 0012892 A Habitus B, E Head, mesosoma B Dorsolareral view E Lateral view C Metanotum, propodeum, dorsolateral view D T 1 - 2, dorsal view F, G Metasoma F Lateral view G Dorsal view H, I Genitalia H Hypopygium, ovipositor, ovipositor sheaths, lateral view I Detail J, K Wings J Fore K Hind." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.890.35786.figure142" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/357240" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.890.35786.figure142">Figs 142C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 143" captionStartId="F142" captionText="Figure 143. Glyptapanteles lubomasneri sp. nov. male 07 - SRNP- 547 DHJPAR 0012892 A Habitus B-D Head B Frontal view C Lateral view D Dorsal view E Mesonotum, dorsal view F Scutellum, metanotum, propodeum, dorsal view G T 1 - 2, dorsal view H, J Metasoma H Dorsal view J Lateral view I Mesosoma, lateral view K, L Wings K Fore L Hind." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.890.35786.figure143" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/357241" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.890.35786.figure143">143F</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.890.35786.figure142" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/357240" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 142" startId="F141">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 142.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Glyptapanteles" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Glyptapanteles lubomasneri" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lubomasneri">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Glyptapanteles lubomasneri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. female 07-SRNP-547 DHJPAR0012892
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
Habitus
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B, E</emphasis>
Head, mesosoma
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
Dorsolareral view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
Lateral view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
Metanotum, propodeum, dorsolateral view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
T1-2, dorsal view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F, G</emphasis>
Metasoma
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
Lateral view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G</emphasis>
Dorsal view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H, I</emphasis>
Genitalia
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H</emphasis>
Hypopygium, ovipositor, ovipositor sheaths, lateral view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">I</emphasis>
Detail
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">J, K</emphasis>
Wings
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">J</emphasis>
Fore
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">K</emphasis>
Hind.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.890.35786.figure143" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/357241" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 143" startId="F142">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 143.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Glyptapanteles" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Glyptapanteles lubomasneri" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lubomasneri">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Glyptapanteles lubomasneri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. male 07-SRNP-547 DHJPAR0012892
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
Habitus
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<normalizedToken originalValue="B–D">B-D</normalizedToken>
</emphasis>
Head
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
Frontal view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
Lateral view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
Dorsal view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
Mesonotum, dorsal view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
Scutellum, metanotum, propodeum, dorsal view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G</emphasis>
T1-2, dorsal view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H, J</emphasis>
Metasoma
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H</emphasis>
Dorsal view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">J</emphasis>
Lateral view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">I</emphasis>
Mesosoma, lateral view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">K, L</emphasis>
Wings
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">K</emphasis>
Fore
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L</emphasis>
Hind.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="coloration">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Coloration</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
(
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 142" captionStartId="F141" captionText="Figure 142. Glyptapanteles lubomasneri sp. nov. female 07 - SRNP- 547 DHJPAR 0012892 A Habitus B, E Head, mesosoma B Dorsolareral view E Lateral view C Metanotum, propodeum, dorsolateral view D T 1 - 2, dorsal view F, G Metasoma F Lateral view G Dorsal view H, I Genitalia H Hypopygium, ovipositor, ovipositor sheaths, lateral view I Detail J, K Wings J Fore K Hind." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.890.35786.figure142" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/357240" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.890.35786.figure142">Fig. 142A</figureCitation>
). General body coloration dark brown except scape and pedicel yellow-brown; all antennal flagellomeres dark brown on both sides; labrum and mandibles yellow-brown; glossa, maxillary and labial palps yellow; tegulae light brown. Eyes silver and ocelli reddish (in preserved specimen). Fore and middle legs yellow except brown claws; hind legs yellow except light brown coxae (brown coloration is more extensive on the inner side), distal brown spot on the femora, both ends of tibia and tarsomeres brown, although proximally basitarsus with a small yellow band. Petiole on T1 dark brown and sublateral areas yellow; T2 with median area brown, adjacent area yellow-brown which boundaries with lateral ends are blurred, and yellow lateral ends with two elongate brown spots each one at distal corners; T3 almost completely brown, but proximally with a tiny yellow area; T4 and beyond completely brown; distally each tergum with a narrow yellowish transparent band. In lateral view, T1-2 completely yellow; T3 proximal half yellow, distal half brown; T4 and beyond completely brown. S1-3 yellow; S4 and beyond light brown/brown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Head</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 142" captionStartId="F141" captionText="Figure 142. Glyptapanteles lubomasneri sp. nov. female 07 - SRNP- 547 DHJPAR 0012892 A Habitus B, E Head, mesosoma B Dorsolareral view E Lateral view C Metanotum, propodeum, dorsolateral view D T 1 - 2, dorsal view F, G Metasoma F Lateral view G Dorsal view H, I Genitalia H Hypopygium, ovipositor, ovipositor sheaths, lateral view I Detail J, K Wings J Fore K Hind." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.890.35786.figure142" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/357240" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.890.35786.figure142">Fig. 142A, B, E</figureCitation>
). Head rounded with pubescence long and dense. Proximal three antennal flagellomeres longer than wide (0.20:0.06, 0.29:0.06, 0.19:0.06), distal antennal flagellomere longer than penultimate (0.13:0.05, 0.10:0.05), antenna longer than body (2.53, 2.07); antennal scrobes-frons shallow. Face dense fine punctations, interspaces smooth, depression only laterally, and longitudinal median carina present. Frons smooth. Temple wide, punctate and interspaces clearly smooth. Inner margin of eyes diverging slightly at antennal sockets; in lateral view, eye anteriorly convex and posteriorly straight. POL shorter than OOL (0.08, 0.13). Malar suture present. Median area between lateral ocelli without depression. Vertex laterally rounded and dorsally wide.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Mesosoma</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 142" captionStartId="F141" captionText="Figure 142. Glyptapanteles lubomasneri sp. nov. female 07 - SRNP- 547 DHJPAR 0012892 A Habitus B, E Head, mesosoma B Dorsolareral view E Lateral view C Metanotum, propodeum, dorsolateral view D T 1 - 2, dorsal view F, G Metasoma F Lateral view G Dorsal view H, I Genitalia H Hypopygium, ovipositor, ovipositor sheaths, lateral view I Detail J, K Wings J Fore K Hind." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.890.35786.figure142" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/357240" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.890.35786.figure142">
Fig. 142
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
, E
</figureCitation>
). Mesosoma dorsoventrally convex. Mesoscutum proximally convex and distally flat, punctation distinct throughout, interspaces wavy/lacunose. Scutellum triangular, apex sloped and fused with
<collectionCode>BS</collectionCode>
, scutellar punctation scattered throughout, in profile scutellum flat and on same plane as mesoscutum, phragma of the scutellum partially exposed;
<collectionCode>BS</collectionCode>
only very partially overlapping the
<collectionCode country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/7hds-psx6" name="Milwaukee Public Museum" type="Museum">MPM</collectionCode>
;
<collectionCode>ATS</collectionCode>
demilune with quite a little complete parallel carinae; dorsal
<collectionCode>ATS</collectionCode>
groove with carinae only proximally. Transscutal articulation with small and heterogeneous foveae, area just behind transscutal articulation with a smooth and shiny sloped transverse strip. Metanotum with
<collectionCode country="United Kingdom" name="Bristol Museum">BM</collectionCode>
wider than
<collectionCode>PFM</collectionCode>
(clearly differentiated);
<collectionCode country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/7hds-psx6" name="Milwaukee Public Museum" type="Museum">MPM</collectionCode>
circular and bisected by a median longitudinal carina;
<collectionCode>AFM</collectionCode>
with a small lobe and not as well delineated as
<collectionCode>PFM</collectionCode>
;
<collectionCode>PFM</collectionCode>
thick and smooth; ATM proximally with a groove with some sculpturing and distally smooth. Propodeum without median longitudinal carina, proximal half straight or nearly so with medium-sized sculpture and distal half relatively polished; distal edge of propodeum with a flange at each side and without stubs; propodeal spiracle without distal carina; nucha surrounded by very short radiating carinae. Pronotum with a distinct dorsal furrow, dorsally with a well-defined smooth band; central area of pronotum smooth, but both dorsal and ventral furrows with short parallel carinae. Propleuron with fine punctations throughout and dorsally without a carina. Metasternum flat or nearly so. Contour of mesopleuron straight/angulate or nearly so; precoxal groove deep, smooth and shiny; epicnemial ridge elongated more fusiform (tapering at both ends).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Legs.</emphasis>
Ventral margin of fore telotarsus entire without seta, fore telotarsus almost same width throughout and longer than fourth tarsomere (0.11, 0.06). Dorsal half of hind coxa with scattered punctation and ventral half with dense punctation, and dorsal outer depression present. Inner spur of hind tibia longer than outer spur (0.21, 0.16). Entire surface of hind tibia with dense strong spines clearly differentiated by color and length. Hind telotarsus as equal in length as fourth tarsomere (0.10, 0.09).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Wings</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 142" captionStartId="F141" captionText="Figure 142. Glyptapanteles lubomasneri sp. nov. female 07 - SRNP- 547 DHJPAR 0012892 A Habitus B, E Head, mesosoma B Dorsolareral view E Lateral view C Metanotum, propodeum, dorsolateral view D T 1 - 2, dorsal view F, G Metasoma F Lateral view G Dorsal view H, I Genitalia H Hypopygium, ovipositor, ovipositor sheaths, lateral view I Detail J, K Wings J Fore K Hind." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.890.35786.figure142" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/357240" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.890.35786.figure142">Fig. 142J, K</figureCitation>
). Fore wing with r vein straight; 2RS vein straight; r and 2RS veins forming an angle at their junction and outer side of junction forming a slight stub; 2M vein slightly curved/swollen; distally fore wing [where spectral veins are] with microtrichiae more densely concentrated than the rest of the wing; anal cell 1/3 proximally lacking microtrichiae; subbasal cell with a small smooth area; veins 2CUa and 2CUb completely spectral; vein 2 cu-a absent; vein 2-1A proximally tubular and distally spectral, although sometimes difficult to see; tubular vein 1 cu-a curved and complete, but junction with 1-1A vein spectral. Hind wing with vannal lobe very narrow, subdistally and subproximally straightened, and setae evenly scattered in the margin.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Metasoma</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 142" captionStartId="F141" captionText="Figure 142. Glyptapanteles lubomasneri sp. nov. female 07 - SRNP- 547 DHJPAR 0012892 A Habitus B, E Head, mesosoma B Dorsolareral view E Lateral view C Metanotum, propodeum, dorsolateral view D T 1 - 2, dorsal view F, G Metasoma F Lateral view G Dorsal view H, I Genitalia H Hypopygium, ovipositor, ovipositor sheaths, lateral view I Detail J, K Wings J Fore K Hind." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.890.35786.figure142" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/357240" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.890.35786.figure142">
Fig. 142A, D,
<normalizedToken originalValue="F–I">F-I</normalizedToken>
</figureCitation>
). Metasoma laterally compressed. Petiole on T1 finely sculptured only distally, evenly narrowing distally (length 0.31, maximum width 0.15, minimum width 0.08) and with scattered pubescence concentrated in the first distal third. Lateral grooves delimiting the median area on T2 clearly defined and reaching the distal edge of T2 (length median area 0.14, length T2 0.14), edges of median area obscured by weak longitudinal stripes, median area broader than long (length 0.14, maximum width 0.17, minimum width 0.07); T2 with scattered pubescence only distally. T3 longer than T2 (0.20, 0.14) and with scattered pubescence only distally. Pubescence on hypopygium dense.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cocoons.</emphasis>
White bud-like cocoon with body ridge-shaped and evenly smooth silk fibers. Cocoons lightly adhered to each other and adhered to the larval cuticle, in litter or soil.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="comments">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Comments.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">The coloration of the adjacent area on T2 is lighter. In some females, the sterna coloration differs a little: S1 yellow, but medially is brown, S4 proximal half yellow and distal half brown.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="male">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Male</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
(
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 143" captionStartId="F142" captionText="Figure 143. Glyptapanteles lubomasneri sp. nov. male 07 - SRNP- 547 DHJPAR 0012892 A Habitus B-D Head B Frontal view C Lateral view D Dorsal view E Mesonotum, dorsal view F Scutellum, metanotum, propodeum, dorsal view G T 1 - 2, dorsal view H, J Metasoma H Dorsal view J Lateral view I Mesosoma, lateral view K, L Wings K Fore L Hind." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.890.35786.figure143" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/357241" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.890.35786.figure143">
Fig. 143
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–L">A-L</normalizedToken>
</figureCitation>
). Similar coloration and shape to females.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Lubomir (Lubo) Masner is a Czech-born entomologist. He is the world specialist in the systematics of proctotrupoid parasitioid wasps. Currently, he is an honorary research associate at Agriculture and Agri-Food
<collectingCountry name="Canada">Canada</collectingCountry>
, Ottawa,
<collectingRegion country="Canada" name="Ontario">Ontario</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry name="Canada">Canada</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
The parasitized caterpillars were collected in
<collectingCountry name="Costa Rica">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
, ACG, Sector Pitilla (
<taxonomicName genus="Pasmompa" lsidName="Pasmompa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="genus">Pasmompa</taxonomicName>
and Sendero Memos) and Sector
<collectingCountry name="Saint Kitts and Nevis">
San
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cristóbal">Cristobal</normalizedToken>
</collectingCountry>
(Tajo
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ángeles">Angeles</normalizedToken>
), during
<date value="2005-04">April 2005</date>
,
<date value="2007-03">March 2007</date>
, and
<date value="2011-03">March 2011</date>
at
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.4" unit="m" value="440.0">440 m</quantity>
,
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.4" unit="m" value="540.0">540 m</quantity>
, and
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.4" unit="m" value="740.0">740 m</quantity>
in rain forest.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Biology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">The lifestyle of this parasitoid species is gregarious.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="host">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Host.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Ithomia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ithomia hippocrenis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hippocrenis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ithomia hippocrenis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Bates (
<taxonomicName family="Nymphalidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="family">Nymphalidae</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="subfamily" subfamily="Ithomiinae">Ithomiinae</taxonomicName>
) feeding on
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Witheringia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Witheringia solanacea" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="solanacea">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Witheringia solanacea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" lsidName="Chalcidoidea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="family">Solanaceae</taxonomicName>
) and
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Mechanitis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mechanitis isthmia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="isthmia">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Mechanitis isthmia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName family="Nymphalidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="family">Nymphalidae</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="subfamily" subfamily="Ithomiinae">Ithomiinae</taxonomicName>
) feeding on
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum hayesii" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hayesii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum hayesii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" lsidName="Chalcidoidea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="family">Solanaceae</taxonomicName>
). Caterpillars were collected in second and third instar.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.347.6002" ID-GBIF-Dataset="4523286c-586e-4e1e-b33f-6836d3165a18" ID-PMC="PMC3822444" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-347-1" ID-PubMed="24222723" ID-ZBK="52232D18DD784A84882CACA428B4A9D2" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2013" ModsDocID="1313-2970-347-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 347" ModsDocTitle="The Doryctinae (Braconidae) of Costa Rica: genera and species of the tribe Heterospilini" checkinTime="1451246744844" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Marsh, Paul M., Wild, Alexander L. &amp; Whitfield, James B." docDate="2013" docId="15139310057BA716A2DA87F6BAE99073" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 347: 1-474" docOrigin="ZooKeys 347" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.347.6002" docTitle="Paraheterospilus wilbotgardus Marsh, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="1E49AB37-0E20-469B-AB38-DAE3FC8DAAA5" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="18" masterDocId="FF80331FA362FFFA435DFFBEFFDF333B" masterDocTitle="The Doryctinae (Braconidae) of Costa Rica: genera and species of the tribe Heterospilini" masterLastPageNumber="474" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="18" updateTime="1668156762379" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:title>The Doryctinae (Braconidae) of Costa Rica: genera and species of the tribe Heterospilini</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Marsh, Paul M.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Wild, Alexander L.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Whitfield, James B.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date>2013</mods:date>
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<mods:number>347</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">52232D18DD784A84882CACA428B4A9D2</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152049319" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:1E49AB37-0E20-469B-AB38-DAE3FC8DAAA5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/15139310057BA716A2DA87F6BAE99073" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
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<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/1E49AB37-0E20-469B-AB38-DAE3FC8DAAA5" authority="Marsh" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Paraheterospilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paraheterospilus wilbotgardus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wilbotgardus">Paraheterospilus wilbotgardus Marsh</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="17" pageNumber="18">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="female">
<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Female.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Body size: 1.5-2.0 mm. Color: body dark brown, apical metasomal terga often lighter; scape and pedicel yellow, flagellum brown; legs yellow; wing veins including stigma light yellow. Head: vertex weakly granulate, dorsal-lateral corners sharply angled; frons weakly granulate; face granulate; temple in dorsal view somewhat broad and not sloping behind eye, width equal to 1/2 eye width; malar space about 1/4 eye height; ocell-ocular distance about 4 times diameter of lateral ocellus; 20 flagellomeres. Mesosoma: mesoscutal lobes granulate; notauli scrobiculate, meeting posteriorly in large triangular costate area; scutellum weakly granulate; prescutellar furrow with 3-5 cross carinae; mesopleuron granulate; precoxal sulcus weakly smooth, shorter than mesopleuron; venter granulate; propodeum nearly horizontal, only gradually sloping posteriorly, basal median areas distinctly margined, granulate, basal median carina present, short, areola distinct, areolar area broadly areolate-rugose, lateral areas rugose posteriorly, granulate anteriorly. Wings: fore wing vein r shorter than vein 3RSa, width of stigma slightly greater than length of vein r, vein 1cu-a beyond vein 1M; hind wing vein SC+R absent, vein M+CU shorter than vein 1M. Metasoma: first metasomal tergum longitudinally costate-granulate, length slightly greater than apical width; second tergum longitudinal costate, width about 3 times median length; anterior transverse groove present, straight; posterior transverse groove absent; third tergum costate basally, smooth apically; terga 4-7 smooth; ovipositor half as long as metasoma.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="male">
<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Male.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Unknown.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="holotype female">
<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Holotype female.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Top label (white, printed) - Costa Rica: Puntarenas [;] San Vito, Las Cruces [;] Wilson Botanical Gardens [;] 18-22.iii.1990, 1150m [;] J.S. Noyes; second label (red, printed) - HOLOTYPE [;] Paraheterospilus [;] wilbotgardus Marsh. Deposited in (ESUW).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="paratypes">
<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Paratypes.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="18">1 ♀, same data as holotype (ESUW).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="comments">
<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Comments.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="18">This species is distinguished from the others in the genus by the more coarsely granulate head and mesosoma and the more horizontal propodeum.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="18">The specific name is in reference to the type locality of the Wilson Botanical Gardens in Puntarenas Province.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<mods:title id="4993898A33D83B304D417665981B25C2">One Hundred Years of Solitude: rediscovery of Catasticta lycurgus (Godman &amp; Salvin, 1880), a yellow butterfly from the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia (Lepidoptera: Pieridae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="CA6398F568828BB2D3AC57AE45F7B9A8">Huertas, Blanca</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="B576EFD6EE4EEFDFE5EA33E78F33A067">Unaffiliated. Coombe Cottage, Blandford Road, Shillingstone, Dorset, UK. https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 7245 - 2001</mods:affiliation>
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<taxonomicName id="5ABA69D8FFA3FF8AFF32F94FC6D1F97B" ID-CoL="RT77" authority="(Godman &amp; Salvin, 1880)" baseAuthorityName="Godman &amp; Salvin" baseAuthorityYear="1880" box="[151,710,1698,1725]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Catasticta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="178" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lycurgus">
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA3FF8AFF32F94FC6D1F97B" bold="true" box="[151,710,1698,1725]" pageId="2" pageNumber="178">
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA3FF8AFF32F94FC568F97A" bold="true" box="[151,383,1698,1725]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="178">Catasticta lycurgus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="F92B6FAAFFA3FF8AFE2AF94EC6A9F97B" author="Godman, F. D. &amp; Salvin, O." box="[399,702,1698,1724]" pageId="2" pageNumber="178" pagination="119 - 132" refId="ref6433" refString="Godman, F. D. &amp; Salvin, O. (1880) A List of Diurnal Lepidoptera collected in the Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta, Columbia, and the Vicinity. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 28 (3), 119 - 132. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2311.1880. tb 02025. x" type="journal article" year="1880">Godman &amp; Salvin, 1880</bibRefCitation>
)
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<paragraph id="9D05125BFFA3FF8AFF32F907C5C8F8C2" blockId="2.[151,1436,1771,2013]" box="[151,479,1771,1797]" pageId="2" pageNumber="178">
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA3FF8AFF32F907C55BF8C2" bold="true" box="[151,332,1771,1797]" pageId="2" pageNumber="178">
<typeStatus id="4201ACF9FFA3FF8AFF32F907C511F8C2" box="[151,262,1771,1797]" pageId="2" pageNumber="178" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
, male
</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="05810EDEFFA3FF8AFEFEF907C5C0F8C2" box="[347,471,1771,1797]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1944,1968]" captionTargetBox="[396,1191,181,1911]" captionTargetId="figure-27@5.[385,1203,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 1. a. Original figure of Euterpe lycurgus from Godman &amp; Salvin (1880). b. Holotype, male specimen dorsal view and labels c. ventral view (B. Huertas, Trustees NHMUK)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4806002" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4806002/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="178">Figs. 1 a–c</figureCitation>
)
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<paragraph id="9D05125BFFA3FF8AFF62F8E3C0EDF8EE" blockId="2.[151,1436,1771,2013]" box="[199,1274,1806,1833]" pageId="2" pageNumber="178">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="BDAA3575FFA3FF8AFF62F8E3C0EDF8EE" box="[199,1274,1806,1833]" pageId="2" pageNumber="178">
<taxonomicName id="5ABA69D8FFA3FF8AFF62F8E3C5DBF8EE" ID-CoL="3JCX" authority="Butler, 1870" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1870" box="[199,460,1807,1833]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Catasticta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="178" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA3FF8AFF62F8E3C52DF8EE" box="[199,314,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="178">Catasticta</emphasis>
Butler, 1870
</taxonomicName>
“
<taxonomicName id="5ABA69D8FFA3FF8AFE45F8E3C689F8EE" authority="Huertas &amp; Prieto &amp; Montero &amp; Adams &amp; Crom &amp; Bollino &amp; Correa-Carmona &amp; Padrón, 2021" authorityName="Huertas &amp; Prieto &amp; Montero &amp; Adams &amp; Crom &amp; Bollino &amp; Correa-Carmona &amp; Padrón" authorityYear="2021" box="[480,670,1807,1833]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Euterpe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arecales" pageId="2" pageNumber="178" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lycurgus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA3FF8AFE45F8E3C689F8EE" box="[480,670,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="178">Euterpe lycurgus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B4FD7332FFA3FF8AFD08F8E3C6FEF8EE" box="[685,745,1807,1833]" pageId="2" pageNumber="178" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
”
<treatmentCitation id="1C1B344AFFA3FF8AFD59F8E3C05EF8EE" author="Godman, F. D. &amp; Salvin, O." box="[764,1097,1807,1833]" page="132" pageId="2" pageNumber="178" year="1880">
<bibRefCitation id="F92B6FAAFFA3FF8AFD59F8E3C05EF8EE" author="Godman, F. D. &amp; Salvin, O." box="[764,1097,1807,1833]" pageId="2" pageNumber="178" pagination="119 - 132" refId="ref6433" refString="Godman, F. D. &amp; Salvin, O. (1880) A List of Diurnal Lepidoptera collected in the Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta, Columbia, and the Vicinity. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 28 (3), 119 - 132. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2311.1880. tb 02025. x" type="journal article" year="1880">Godman &amp; Salvin, 1880: 132</bibRefCitation>
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, Pl. IV: Fig. 15.
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<paragraph id="9D05125BFFA3FF8AFF62F8DFC621F8B6" blockId="2.[151,1436,1771,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="178">
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA3FF8AFF62F8DFC57CF88B" bold="true" box="[199,363,1842,1869]" pageId="2" pageNumber="178">Type locality:</emphasis>
“on the road from San Sebastian to Atánquez” (
<bibRefCitation id="F92B6FAAFFA3FF8AFC3DF8DFC0E7F88A" author="Godman, F. D. &amp; Salvin, O." box="[920,1264,1843,1869]" pageId="2" pageNumber="178" pagination="119 - 132" refId="ref6433" refString="Godman, F. D. &amp; Salvin, O. (1880) A List of Diurnal Lepidoptera collected in the Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta, Columbia, and the Vicinity. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 28 (3), 119 - 132. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2311.1880. tb 02025. x" type="journal article" year="1880">Godman &amp; Salvin, 1880: 132</bibRefCitation>
).
<typeStatus id="4201ACF9FFA3FF8AFAA3F8DFC179F88A" box="[1286,1390,1843,1869]" pageId="2" pageNumber="178" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
(by monotypy) (Plate 23: Figs 177, 178).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D05125BFFA3FF8AFF62F897C54FF87D" blockId="2.[151,1436,1771,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="178">
Additionally, to the labels described above, the
<typeStatus id="4201ACF9FFA3FF8AFD49F897C759F852" box="[748,846,1915,1941]" pageId="2" pageNumber="178" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="5ABA69D8FFA3FF8AFCDDF897C7ECF852" authorityName="Huertas &amp; Prieto &amp; Montero &amp; Adams &amp; Crom &amp; Bollino &amp; Correa-Carmona &amp; Padrón" authorityYear="2021" box="[888,1019,1915,1941]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Euterpe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arecales" pageId="2" pageNumber="178" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lycurgus">
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA3FF8AFCDDF897C7ECF852" box="[888,1019,1915,1941]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="178">C. lycurgus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has the following labels as listed in
<bibRefCitation id="F92B6FAAFFA3FF8AFF32F873C544F87D" author="Abadjiev, S." box="[151,339,1951,1978]" pageId="2" pageNumber="178" pagination="1 - 218" refId="ref5762" refString="Abadjiev, S. (2006) Types of Neotropical Pierinae in the collection of Department of Entomology, Natural History Museum, London (Lepidoptera: Pieridae). Zootaxa, 1143, 1 - 218. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1143.1.1" type="journal article" year="2006">Abadjiev (2006)</bibRefCitation>
:
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D05125BFFA3FF8BFF62F82FC0C0FF12" blockId="2.[151,1436,1771,2013]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1437,151,285]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="179" pageId="2" pageNumber="178">
(1) printed (on white paper) “S. Sebast. to | Atanques [sic] | F. Simons”; (2) circle printed (on white paper with red frame) “
<typeStatus id="4201ACF9FFA2FF8BFEBAFF7BC549FF76" box="[287,350,151,177]" pageId="3" pageNumber="179">Type</typeStatus>
”; (3) printed (on white paper) “Godman-Salvin. | Coll.B.M. 1909-28.”; (4) printed (on white paper) “Photographed by | B. D’Abrera 77/78”; (5) printed (on white paper) “BMNH(E) #662336”.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D05125BFFA2FF8BFF62FF33C007FEDA" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,285]" pageId="3" pageNumber="179">
A modern code has been placed recently (
<collectionCode id="FBAB8A9EFFA2FF8BFD3FFF33C710FF3E" box="[666,775,223,249]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="3" pageNumber="179" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
014172794), meaning the specimen has been digitally photographed and is available online in the NHM data portal www.data.nhm.ac.uk.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D05125BFFA2FF8BFF32FEA6C672FEA1" blockId="3.[151,1436,330,609]" box="[151,613,330,358]" pageId="3" pageNumber="179">
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA2FF8BFF32FEA6C5D8FEA3" bold="true" box="[151,463,330,357]" pageId="3" pageNumber="179">Other non-type specimens</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="05810EDEFFA2FF8BFE7AFEA7C64AFEA1" box="[479,605,331,358]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[168,1420,196,1907]" captionTargetId="figure-19@6.[154,1434,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. New male specimens known of C. lycurgus. a. recently collected dorsal view. b. ventral view (M. Bollino) c. female of C. lycurgus illustrated for the first time, dorsal view d. ventral view (C. Prieto) f. male genitalia (M. Bollino)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4806008" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4806008/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="179">Figs. 2 a–b</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D05125BFFA2FF8BFF62FE83C7ACFE6A" blockId="3.[151,1436,330,609]" pageId="3" pageNumber="179">
<materialsCitation id="2DD21806FFA2FF8BFF62FE83C7AFFE6A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3128527303" collectingDate="1972-08-07" collectionCode="NHMUK" collectorName="M. Adams &amp; G. Bernard." country="Colombia" location="Magdalena" pageId="3" pageNumber="179" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Magdalena">
<specimenCount id="8BBCD9D2FFA2FF8BFF62FE83C501FE4E" box="[199,278,367,393]" pageId="3" pageNumber="179" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
:
<collectingCountry id="E5AD52CBFFA2FF8BFEBAFE83C587FE4E" box="[287,400,367,393]" name="Colombia" pageId="3" pageNumber="179">Colombia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="5F7EDCB9FFA2FF8BFE3EFE83C60DFE4E" box="[411,538,367,393]" country="Colombia" name="Magdalena" pageId="3" pageNumber="179">Magdalena</collectingRegion>
,
<collectorName id="304F778DFFA2FF8BFD81FE83C68FFE4E" box="[548,664,367,393]" pageId="3" pageNumber="179">M. Adams</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="304F778DFFA2FF8BFD1FFE83C72AFE4E" box="[698,829,367,393]" pageId="3" pageNumber="179">G. Bernard.</collectorName>
/
<collectorName id="304F778DFFA2FF8BFCE9FE83C7A5FE4E" box="[844,946,367,393]" pageId="3" pageNumber="179">E. Above</collectorName>
San Pedro, 2,900 metres,
<date id="E904349BFFA2FF8BFB76FE83C14CFE4E" box="[1235,1371,367,393]" pageId="3" pageNumber="179" value="1972-08-07">
<collectingDate id="F940CD73FFA2FF8BFB76FE83C14CFE4E" box="[1235,1371,367,393]" pageId="3" pageNumber="179" value="1972-08-07">7. viii. 1972</collectingDate>
</date>
. 2011 / G1.71/72 A/B. / BMNH(E)1203312 /NHMUK010430776 (
<collectionCode id="FBAB8A9EFFA2FF8BFC9AFE7FC7A7FE6A" box="[831,944,403,429]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="3" pageNumber="179" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D05125BFFA2FF8BFF62FE5BC4EEFE32" blockId="3.[151,1436,330,609]" pageId="3" pageNumber="179">
<materialsCitation id="2DD21806FFA2FF8BFF62FE5BC4E2FE32" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3128527302" collectingDate="2013-01-10" collectingDateMax="2013-01-12" collectingDateMin="2013-01-10" collectionCode="RCCP" country="Saint Pierre and Miquelon" elevation="2650" location="Magdalena" municipality="Sierra Nevada" pageId="3" pageNumber="179" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-male="2">
<specimenCount id="8BBCD9D2FFA2FF8BFF62FE5BC530FE16" box="[199,295,439,465]" pageId="3" pageNumber="179" type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
: Col.,
<location id="98654480FFA2FF8BFEDCFE5BC5EFFE16" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1513A34DFFA3FF80FF32F94FC015F9EA:98654480FFA2FF8BFEDCFE5BC5EFFE16" box="[377,504,439,465]" country="Saint Pierre and Miquelon" municipality="Sierra Nevada" name="Magdalena" pageId="3" pageNumber="179">Magdalena</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="7D618821FFA2FF8BFDADFE5BC6B8FE16" box="[520,687,439,465]" pageId="3" pageNumber="179">Sierra Nevada</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingCountry id="E5AD52CBFFA2FF8BFD1AFE5BC72DFE16" box="[703,826,439,465]" name="Saint Pierre and Miquelon" pageId="3" pageNumber="179">San Pedro</collectingCountry>
.
<quantity id="5A42BFBEFFA2FF8BFCECFE5BC7EEFE16" box="[841,1017,439,465]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.65" metricValueMax="2.7" metricValueMin="2.6" pageId="3" pageNumber="179" unit="m" value="2650.0" valueMax="2700.0" valueMin="2600.0">
<elevation id="1697F568FFA2FF8BFCECFE5BC7EEFE16" box="[841,1017,439,465]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.65" metricValueMax="2.7" metricValueMin="2.6" pageId="3" pageNumber="179" unit="m" value="2650.0" valueMax="2700.0" valueMin="2600.0">2,600–2,700 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="E904349BFFA2FF8BFBAFFE5BC0A0FE16" box="[1034,1207,439,465]" pageId="3" pageNumber="179" value="2013-01-10" valueMax="2013-01-12" valueMin="2013-01-10">
<collectingDate id="F940CD73FFA2FF8BFBAFFE5BC0A0FE16" box="[1034,1207,439,465]" pageId="3" pageNumber="179" value="2013-01-10" valueMax="2013-01-12" valueMin="2013-01-10">10–12/01/2013</collectingDate>
</date>
, codes, b376, b377 (
<collectionCode id="FBAB8A9EFFA2FF8BFF3AFE37C4FAFE32" box="[159,237,475,501]" pageId="3" pageNumber="179">RCCP</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D05125BFFA2FF8BFF62FE13C6C3FDFA" blockId="3.[151,1436,330,609]" pageId="3" pageNumber="179">
<materialsCitation id="2DD21806FFA2FF8BFF62FE13C6C7FDFA" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3128527305" collectingDate="2016-03" collectionCode="MBLI" collectorName="de la Sierra &amp; Leg. F. Montero" country="Colombia" elevation="3075" latitude="10.898014" location="Magdalena" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-73.95217" pageId="3" pageNumber="179" specimenCount="4" specimenCount-male="4" stateProvince="Magdalena">
<specimenCount id="8BBCD9D2FFA2FF8BFF62FE13C534FDDE" box="[199,291,511,537]" pageId="3" pageNumber="179" type="male">4 males</specimenCount>
:
<collectingCountry id="E5AD52CBFFA2FF8BFE8BFE13C58BFDDE" box="[302,412,511,537]" name="Colombia" pageId="3" pageNumber="179">Colombia</collectingCountry>
– Depto.
<collectingRegion id="5F7EDCB9FFA2FF8BFDA8FE13C69EFDDE" box="[525,649,511,537]" country="Colombia" name="Magdalena" pageId="3" pageNumber="179">Magdalena</collectingRegion>
/ San Pedro
<collectorName id="304F778DFFA2FF8BFCB9FE13C789FDDE" box="[796,926,511,537]" pageId="3" pageNumber="179">de la Sierra</collectorName>
– SNSM /
<geoCoordinate id="F88E749CFFA2FF8BFBBAFE12C0DCFDDE" box="[1055,1227,510,537]" degrees="10" direction="north" minutes="53" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="179" precision="1" seconds="52.85" value="10.898014">10°53’52.85”N</geoCoordinate>
–
<geoCoordinate id="F88E749CFFA2FF8BFB4CFE12C19BFDDE" box="[1257,1420,510,537]" degrees="73" direction="west" minutes="57" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="179" precision="1" seconds="7.82" value="-73.95217">73°57’7.82”W</geoCoordinate>
/
<date id="E904349BFFA2FF8BFF32FDCFC4E3FDFA" box="[151,244,547,573]" pageId="3" pageNumber="179" value="2016-03">
<collectingDate id="F940CD73FFA2FF8BFF32FDCFC4E3FDFA" box="[151,244,547,573]" pageId="3" pageNumber="179" value="2016-03">III.2016</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<quantity id="5A42BFBEFFA2FF8BFEA5FDCEC5B5FDFA" box="[256,418,546,573]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.075" metricValueMax="3.15" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="179" unit="m" value="3075.0" valueMax="3150.0" valueMin="3000.0">
<elevation id="1697F568FFA2FF8BFEA5FDCEC5B5FDFA" box="[256,418,546,573]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.075" metricValueMax="3.15" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="179" unit="m" value="3075.0" valueMax="3150.0" valueMin="3000.0">3,000–3,150m</elevation>
</quantity>
/
<collectorName id="304F778DFFA2FF8BFE1DFDCFC67AFDFA" box="[440,621,547,573]" pageId="3" pageNumber="179">Leg. F. Montero</collectorName>
(
<collectionCode id="FBAB8A9EFFA2FF8BFDD9FDCFC6DFFDFA" box="[636,712,547,573]" pageId="3" pageNumber="179">MBLI</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D05125BFFA2FF8BFF62FDABC0BAFDA6" blockId="3.[151,1436,330,609]" box="[199,1197,583,609]" pageId="3" pageNumber="179">
<materialsCitation id="2DD21806FFA2FF8BFF62FDABC0BEFDA6" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3128527301" box="[199,1193,583,609]" collectingDate="2013-01" collectionCode="JFLC" collectorName="de la Sierra Nevada &amp; Leg. F. Montero" country="Saint Pierre and Miquelon" elevation="3100" location="San Pedro" pageId="3" pageNumber="179" specimenCount="9" specimenCount-male="9">
<specimenCount id="8BBCD9D2FFA2FF8BFF62FDABC535FDA6" box="[199,290,583,609]" pageId="3" pageNumber="179" type="male">9 males</specimenCount>
:
<collectingCountry id="E5AD52CBFFA2FF8BFE89FDABC589FDA6" box="[300,414,583,609]" name="Saint Pierre and Miquelon" pageId="3" pageNumber="179">San Pedro</collectingCountry>
<collectorName id="304F778DFFA2FF8BFE03FDABC693FDA6" box="[422,644,583,609]" pageId="3" pageNumber="179">de la Sierra Nevada</collectorName>
, Mgd.
<quantity id="5A42BFBEFFA2FF8BFD76FDABC725FDA6" box="[723,818,583,609]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1" pageId="3" pageNumber="179" unit="m" value="3100.0">
<elevation id="1697F568FFA2FF8BFD76FDABC725FDA6" box="[723,818,583,609]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1" pageId="3" pageNumber="179" unit="m" value="3100.0">3,100 m</elevation>
</quantity>
.
<date id="E904349BFFA2FF8BFC99FDABC799FDA6" box="[828,910,583,609]" pageId="3" pageNumber="179" value="2013-01">
<collectingDate id="F940CD73FFA2FF8BFC99FDABC799FDA6" box="[828,910,583,609]" pageId="3" pageNumber="179" value="2013-01">i. 2013</collectingDate>
</date>
.
<collectorName id="304F778DFFA2FF8BFC3DFDABC05AFDA6" box="[920,1101,583,609]" pageId="3" pageNumber="179">Leg. F. Montero</collectorName>
(
<collectionCode id="FBAB8A9EFFA2FF8BFBF9FDABC0B7FDA6" box="[1116,1184,583,609]" pageId="3" pageNumber="179">JFLC</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D5A041D0FFA2FF8BFF32FD62C5C3F8B5" pageId="3" pageNumber="179" type="description">
<paragraph id="9D05125BFFA2FF8BFF32FD62C7CBFD6D" blockId="3.[151,1437,654,1473]" box="[151,988,654,682]" pageId="3" pageNumber="179">
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA2FF8BFF32FD62C756FD6F" bold="true" box="[151,833,654,681]" pageId="3" pageNumber="179">Re-description of the male and illustration of its genitalia</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="05810EDEFFA2FF8BFCF5FD63C7C3FD6D" box="[848,980,655,682]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[168,1420,196,1907]" captionTargetId="figure-19@6.[154,1434,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. New male specimens known of C. lycurgus. a. recently collected dorsal view. b. ventral view (M. Bollino) c. female of C. lycurgus illustrated for the first time, dorsal view d. ventral view (C. Prieto) f. male genitalia (M. Bollino)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4806008" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4806008/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="179">Fig. 2a–b, f</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D05125BFFA2FF8BFF62FD5FC570FD36" blockId="3.[151,1437,654,1473]" pageId="3" pageNumber="179">FW with slightly rounded apex and outer margin indented at M2-M3; HW with smooth outer margin and rounded anal lobe.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D05125BFFA2FF8BFF62FD17C12CFC62" blockId="3.[151,1437,654,1473]" pageId="3" pageNumber="179">Dorsal surface: Ground colour of both wings brown (PANTONE® 1545 C). FW with a complete series of yellow (PANTONE® 7404 C) discal, submarginal and marginal spots; marginal spots slightly elongated; discal spots in space 1b-2–3 extended inward to touch cellular vein, those in space 1a–1b extended inwardly nearly to base of wing. Cell with inner two thirds yellow from base to apex. HW with complete series of yellow discal and submarginal spots; marginal spots lighter in colour; submarginal spots chevron-shaped; marginal spots triangular.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D05125BFFA2FF8BFF32FC43C05DFBF1" blockId="3.[151,1437,654,1473]" pageId="3" pageNumber="179">
Ventral surface: FW with a complete series of discal, submarginal and marginal spots; marginal spots elongated. Discal spots light yellow, those in space 1b-2–3 extended inward to touch cellular vein, and those in space 1a–1b extended inwardly nearly to base of wing. Cell with outer third light yellow, and an axial yellow streak in basal two thirds. HW with general pattern as in
<taxonomicName id="5ABA69D8FFA2FF8BFD99FBF7C7AEFBF2" authority="(Dognin, 1888)" baseAuthorityName="Dognin" baseAuthorityYear="1888" box="[572,953,1051,1077]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Catasticta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="179" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="incerta">
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA2FF8BFD99FBF7C712FBF3" box="[572,773,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="179">Catasticta incerta</emphasis>
(Dognin, 1888)
</taxonomicName>
(see below).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D05125BFFA2FF8BFF62FBD3C15AFA92" blockId="3.[151,1437,654,1473]" pageId="3" pageNumber="179">
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA2FF8BFF62FBD3C526FB9E" box="[199,305,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="179">Genitalia</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="05810EDEFFA2FF8BFEE4FBD3C586FB9D" box="[321,401,1087,1114]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[168,1420,196,1907]" captionTargetId="figure-19@6.[154,1434,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. New male specimens known of C. lycurgus. a. recently collected dorsal view. b. ventral view (M. Bollino) c. female of C. lycurgus illustrated for the first time, dorsal view d. ventral view (C. Prieto) f. male genitalia (M. Bollino)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4806008" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4806008/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="179">Fig. 2f</figureCitation>
): little or no attention has been given by past authors to the morphology of male genitalia of the genus
<taxonomicName id="5ABA69D8FFA2FF8BFEACFB8FC56BFBBA" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1870" box="[265,380,1123,1149]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Catasticta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="179" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA2FF8BFEACFB8FC56BFBBA" box="[265,380,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="179">Catasticta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
for their scarce complexity and simple structure.
<bibRefCitation id="F92B6FAAFFA2FF8BFC0FFB8FC02FFBBA" author="Klots, A. B." box="[938,1080,1123,1149]" pageId="3" pageNumber="179" pagination="139 - 242" refId="ref6654" refString="Klots, A. B. (1933) A generic classification of the Pieridae (Lepidoptera) together with a study of the male genitalia. Entomologica america, 12, 139 - 242." type="journal article" year="1933">Klots (1933)</bibRefCitation>
associates the genus
<taxonomicName id="5ABA69D8FFA2FF8BFA8CFB8FC18BFBBA" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1870" box="[1321,1436,1123,1149]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Catasticta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="179" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA2FF8BFA8CFB8FC18BFBBA" box="[1321,1436,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="179">Catasticta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with the genera
<taxonomicName id="5ABA69D8FFA2FF8BFEE8FB6BC623FB66" authority="Westwood" authorityName="Westwood" authorityYear="1834" box="[333,564,1159,1185]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Eucheira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="179" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA2FF8BFEE8FB6BC5A3FB66" box="[333,436,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="179">Eucheira</emphasis>
Westwood
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="5ABA69D8FFA2FF8BFDE5FB6BC736FB66" authority="Behrand" authorityName="Behrand" box="[576,801,1159,1185]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Neophasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="179" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA2FF8BFDE5FB6BC6AFFB66" box="[576,696,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="179">Neophasia</emphasis>
Behrand
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="5ABA69D8FFA2FF8BFCF8FB6BC03CFB66" authority="Hubner" authorityName="Hubner" box="[861,1067,1159,1185]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Archonias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="179" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA2FF8BFCF8FB6BC7D8FB66" box="[861,975,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="179">Archonias</emphasis>
Hübner
</taxonomicName>
because they are “
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA2FF8BFAA4FB6BC727FB2F" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="179">all characterized most strikingly by an extreme development in size of the tegumen, with a correlated decrease in size of the articulatory process and an extreme shortening of the uncus</emphasis>
”.
<bibRefCitation id="F92B6FAAFFA2FF8BFCEFFB23C088FB2E" author="Eitschberger, U. &amp; Racheli, T." box="[842,1183,1231,1257]" pageId="3" pageNumber="179" pagination="5 - 93" refId="ref6295" refString="Eitschberger, U. &amp; Racheli, T. (1998) Catasticta studies (Lepidoptera: Pieridae). Neue Entomologische Nachrichten, 41, 5 - 93." type="journal article" year="1998">Eitschberger &amp; Racheli (1998)</bibRefCitation>
only hint at the simple and little differentiated structure of the genitals in the different species of the genus. Apart from these notations,
<bibRefCitation id="F92B6FAAFFA2FF8BFF32FAFBC5B6FAF6" author="Bollino, M. &amp; Costa, M." box="[151,417,1303,1329]" pageId="3" pageNumber="179" pagination="1 - 42" refId="ref6164" refString="Bollino, M. &amp; Costa, M. (2007) An illustrated annotated check-list of the species of Catasticta (S. L.) Butler (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) of Venezuela. Zootaxa, 1469: 1 - 42. https: // doi. org / 10.5281 / zenodo. 176651" type="journal article" year="2007">Bollino &amp; Costa (2007)</bibRefCitation>
“
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA2FF8BFE11FAFBC56BFA92" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="179">
find no evidence in the literature of any species-specific differences in the various taxa of the genus
<taxonomicName id="5ABA69D8FFA2FF8BFEACFAD7C56BFA92" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1870" box="[265,380,1339,1365]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Catasticta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="179" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Catasticta</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
” except an unconfirmed difference between two species reported by
<bibRefCitation id="F92B6FAAFFA2FF8BFB26FAD7C15EFA92" author="Wojtusiak, J." box="[1155,1353,1339,1365]" pageId="3" pageNumber="179" pagination="595 - 599" refId="ref7690" refString="Wojtusiak, J. (1998) North Andean cloud forest and subparamo species of the genus Catasticta: C. chrysolopha Kollar, C. spectrum Reissinger and C. abdita new species. Lambillionea, 98 (4), 595 - 599." type="journal article" year="1998">Wojtusiak (1998)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D05125BFFA2FF8BFF62FAB3C6B3FA06" blockId="3.[151,1437,654,1473]" pageId="3" pageNumber="179">
However, all this does not exclude that future research may demonstrate the existence of species-specific, or more likely group-specific characters, in the morphology of male genitalia of
<taxonomicName id="5ABA69D8FFA2FF8BFBADFA6FC06CFA5A" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1870" box="[1032,1147,1411,1437]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Catasticta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="179" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA2FF8BFBADFA6FC06CFA5A" box="[1032,1147,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="179">Catasticta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. For this reason we illustrate the apparatus of a recently captured male.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D05125BFFA2FF8BFF32FA02C651F9CD" blockId="3.[151,1437,1518,1977]" box="[151,582,1518,1546]" pageId="3" pageNumber="179">
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA2FF8BFF32FA02C5D5F9CF" bold="true" box="[151,450,1518,1545]" pageId="3" pageNumber="179">Description of the female</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="05810EDEFFA2FF8BFE77FA03C629F9CD" box="[466,574,1519,1546]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[168,1420,196,1907]" captionTargetId="figure-19@6.[154,1434,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. New male specimens known of C. lycurgus. a. recently collected dorsal view. b. ventral view (M. Bollino) c. female of C. lycurgus illustrated for the first time, dorsal view d. ventral view (C. Prieto) f. male genitalia (M. Bollino)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4806008" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4806008/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="179">Fig. 2c–d</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D05125BFFA2FF8BFF62F9FFC662F8C2" blockId="3.[151,1437,1518,1977]" pageId="3" pageNumber="179">Dorsal surface: Ground colour of both wings deep brown (PANTONE® 439 C). FW with a complete series of pale yellow (PANTONE® 600 C) discal, submarginal and marginal spots; submarginal and marginal spots obscured by brown scales; marginal spots slightly elongated; discal spot in space 1b extended inward to touch cellular vein only near base of vein CU2, those in space 2–3 extended inward to touch cellular vein. Cell with outer yellow spot touching the cellular vein. HW with complete series of slightly more saturated yellow (PANTONE® 393 C) discal, submarginal and marginal spots; the submarginal and marginal spots obscured by brown scales; submarginal spots chevron-shaped; marginal spots triangular.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D05125BFFA2FF8BFF62F8E3C5C3F8B5" blockId="3.[151,1437,1518,1977]" pageId="3" pageNumber="179">
Ventral surface: FW with a complete series of discal, submarginal and marginal spots; marginal spots elongated. Discal spots light yellow, with same extension as on dorsal surface. HW with general pattern as in
<taxonomicName id="5ABA69D8FFA2FF8BFB71F8DFC553F8B6" authority="(Dognin, 1888)" baseAuthorityName="Dognin" baseAuthorityYear="1888" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Catasticta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="179" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="incerta">
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA2FF8BFB71F8DFC18BF88B" box="[1236,1436,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="179">Catasticta incerta</emphasis>
(Dognin, 1888)
</taxonomicName>
(see below).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D5A041D0FFA2FF8BFF62F897C589F87E" pageId="3" pageNumber="179" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="9D05125BFFA2FF8BFF62F897C589F87E" blockId="3.[151,1437,1518,1977]" pageId="3" pageNumber="179">
<materialsCitation id="2DD21806FFA2FF8BFF62F897C58DF87E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3128527304" collectingDate="2013-01-11" collectionCode="RCCP" country="Saint Pierre and Miquelon" elevation="2600" latitude="10.913333" location="Magdalena" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-73.964165" municipality="Sierra Nevada" pageId="3" pageNumber="179" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1">
<specimenCount id="8BBCD9D2FFA2FF8BFF62F897C523F852" box="[199,308,1915,1941]" pageId="3" pageNumber="179" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
: Col.,
<location id="98654480FFA2FF8BFE2CF897C61FF852" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1513A34DFFA3FF80FF32F94FC015F9EA:98654480FFA2FF8BFE2CF897C61FF852" box="[393,520,1915,1941]" country="Saint Pierre and Miquelon" latitude="10.913333" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-73.964165" municipality="Sierra Nevada" name="Magdalena" pageId="3" pageNumber="179">Magdalena</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="7D618821FFA2FF8BFDBFF897C6D4F852" box="[538,707,1915,1941]" pageId="3" pageNumber="179">Sierra Nevada</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingCountry id="E5AD52CBFFA2FF8BFD70F897C746F852" box="[725,849,1915,1941]" name="Saint Pierre and Miquelon" pageId="3" pageNumber="179">San Pedro</collectingCountry>
,
<quantity id="5A42BFBEFFA2FF8BFCC6F897C7DFF852" box="[867,968,1915,1941]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="3" pageNumber="179" unit="m" value="2600.0">
<elevation id="1697F568FFA2FF8BFCC6F897C7DFF852" box="[867,968,1915,1941]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="3" pageNumber="179" unit="m" value="2600.0">2,600 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="E904349BFFA2FF8BFC7FF897C04CF852" box="[986,1115,1915,1941]" pageId="3" pageNumber="179" value="2013-01-11">
<collectingDate id="F940CD73FFA2FF8BFC7FF897C04CF852" box="[986,1115,1915,1941]" pageId="3" pageNumber="179" value="2013-01-11">11/01/2013</collectingDate>
</date>
, code: b375.
<geoCoordinate id="F88E749CFFA2FF8BFAA0F896C19BF852" box="[1285,1420,1914,1941]" degrees="10" direction="north" minutes="54" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="179" precision="15" seconds="48" value="10.913333">10°54’48”N</geoCoordinate>
–
<geoCoordinate id="F88E749CFFA2FF8BFF32F872C531F87E" box="[151,294,1950,1977]" degrees="73" direction="west" minutes="57" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="179" precision="15" seconds="51" value="-73.964165">73°57’51”W</geoCoordinate>
/ (
<collectionCode id="FBAB8A9EFFA2FF8BFEE1F873C585F87E" box="[324,402,1951,1977]" pageId="3" pageNumber="179">RCCP</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSection id="F4350BB0FFA5FF8CFF32FF7AC749FB67" pageId="4" pageNumber="180" type="multiple">
<subSubSection id="D5A041D0FFA5FF8CFF32FF7AC749FB67" pageId="4" pageNumber="180" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="9D05125BFFA5FF8CFF32FF7AC5ABFF77" blockId="4.[151,1437,150,1185]" box="[151,444,150,176]" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">
<heading id="C64DA537FFA5FF8CFF32FF7AC5ABFF77" bold="true" box="[151,444,150,176]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="180" reason="1">
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA5FF8CFF32FF7AC5ABFF77" bold="true" box="[151,444,150,176]" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">Distribution and biology</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D05125BFFA5FF8CFF62FF56C7CAFD0B" blockId="4.[151,1437,150,1185]" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">
Although there was no record of the exact location of the
<typeStatus id="4201ACF9FFA5FF8CFCC7FF57C785FF12" box="[866,914,187,213]" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">type</typeStatus>
locality as the labels of the
<typeStatus id="4201ACF9FFA5FF8CFB7CFF57C11EFF12" box="[1241,1289,187,213]" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">type</typeStatus>
specimen of
<taxonomicName id="5ABA69D8FFA5FF8CFF32FF33C565FF3F" baseAuthorityName="Godman &amp; Salvin" baseAuthorityYear="1880" box="[151,370,222,249]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Catasticta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="180" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lycurgus">
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA5FF8CFF32FF33C565FF3F" box="[151,370,222,249]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">Catasticta lycurgus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
do not hold other collecting data rather than ‘from S[an] Sebast[ian de Rabago] to Atanques [sic] [Santa Marta,
<collectingCountry id="E5AD52CBFFA5FF8CFED1FEEEC5FFFEDA" box="[372,488,258,285]" name="Colombia" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">Colombia</collectingCountry>
]’ (
<figureCitation id="05810EDEFFA5FF8CFDA1FEEEC64FFEDA" box="[516,600,258,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1944,1968]" captionTargetBox="[396,1191,181,1911]" captionTargetId="figure-27@5.[385,1203,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 1. a. Original figure of Euterpe lycurgus from Godman &amp; Salvin (1880). b. Holotype, male specimen dorsal view and labels c. ventral view (B. Huertas, Trustees NHMUK)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4806002" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4806002/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">Fig. 1b</figureCitation>
). Simons, independently, wrote a few articles in specialised geographical journals giving exhaustive accounts of his expeditions to Santa Marta (and
<collectingRegion id="5F7EDCB9FFA5FF8CFC7EFECAC023FE86" box="[987,1076,294,321]" country="Colombia" name="La Guajira" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">Guajira</collectingRegion>
), including detailed maps drawn by himself (
<bibRefCitation id="F92B6FAAFFA5FF8CFEBAFEA6C5A0FEA3" author="Simons, F. A. A." box="[287,439,330,356]" pageId="4" pageNumber="180" pagination="689 - 694" refId="ref7209" refString="Simons, F. A. A. (1879) Notes on the Topography of the Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta, U. S. of Colombia. Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society and Monthly Record of Geography, 1 (11), 689 - 694. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1800684" type="journal article" year="1879">Simons 1879</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="F92B6FAAFFA5FF8CFE61FEA6C64CFEA3" author="Simons, F. A. A." box="[452,603,330,356]" pageId="4" pageNumber="180" pagination="705 - 723" refId="ref7270" refString="Simons, F. A. A. (1881) On the Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta and Its Watershed (State of Magdalena, U. S. of Colombia). Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society and Monthly Record of Geography, 3 (12), 705 - 723. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1800734" type="journal article" year="1881">Simons 1881</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="F92B6FAAFFA5FF8CFDCDFEA6C794FEA3" author="Gomez-Creutzberg, C." box="[616,899,330,356]" pageId="4" pageNumber="180" refId="ref6503" refString="Gomez-Creutzberg, C. (2017) Viajeros y espacios en disputa Frederick A. A. Simons y el Caribe colombiano a finales del siglo XIX. Raices de la geografia colombiana. Vol. 2. Universidad Externado de Colombia, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales y Humanas, Bogota, 268 pp." type="book" year="2017">Gómez-Creutzberg 2017</bibRefCitation>
). He wrote:
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA5FF8CFBAAFEA7C67DFE6B" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">“The Indian track between San Sebastian and Atánquez is very heavy walking, owing to the steep ascents. Nearly all along the road are Indian huts and plantations, especially at Templado”</emphasis>
(op.cit.). Simons presented in one of his best known maps of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, a drawing of a horizontal section between San Sebastián and Atánquez including a vertical scale of the altitude (
<bibRefCitation id="F92B6FAAFFA5FF8CFE20FE36C608FE33" author="Simons, F. A. A." box="[389,543,474,500]" pageId="4" pageNumber="180" pagination="689 - 694" refId="ref7209" refString="Simons, F. A. A. (1879) Notes on the Topography of the Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta, U. S. of Colombia. Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society and Monthly Record of Geography, 1 (11), 689 - 694. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1800684" type="journal article" year="1879">Simons 1879</bibRefCitation>
). Godman and Salvin also included details of the collecting localities recorded by Simons in his paper as follows: ‘
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA5FF8CFD8FFE13C7FFFDA6" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">
San Sebastian is located on the south-western slope of the Sierra Nevada, with an elevation of
<quantity id="5A42BFBEFFA5FF8CFEE0FDCEC58CFDFB" box="[325,411,546,572]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.04216" pageId="4" pageNumber="180" unit="ft" value="6700.0">6,700 ft</quantity>
(c.
<quantity id="5A42BFBEFFA5FF8CFE60FDCEC637FDFA" box="[453,544,546,573]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="180" unit="m" value="2000.0">2,000 m</quantity>
) and Atánquez, is located in the south-eastern slope of the [Sierra] Nevada, six hours’ journey from Valle Dupar [sic] and an elevation of
<quantity id="5A42BFBEFFA5FF8CFCB8FDAAC765FDA7" box="[797,882,582,608]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5344" pageId="4" pageNumber="180" unit="ft" value="2800.0">2,800 ft</quantity>
(c.
<quantity id="5A42BFBEFFA5FF8CFC3EFDAAC7F7FDA6" box="[923,992,582,609]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.53" pageId="4" pageNumber="180" unit="m" value="853.0">853 m</quantity>
)
</emphasis>
’ (
<bibRefCitation id="F92B6FAAFFA5FF8CFC5BFDAAC11BFDA7" author="Godman, F. D. &amp; Salvin, O." box="[1022,1292,582,608]" pageId="4" pageNumber="180" pagination="119 - 132" refId="ref6433" refString="Godman, F. D. &amp; Salvin, O. (1880) A List of Diurnal Lepidoptera collected in the Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta, Columbia, and the Vicinity. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 28 (3), 119 - 132. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2311.1880. tb 02025. x" type="journal article" year="1880">Godman &amp; Salvin 1880</bibRefCitation>
). Despite the uncertainties about the exact location of the type’s locality of origin, we do not believe it necessary to restrict the
<typeStatus id="4201ACF9FFA5FF8CFF32FD63C4D0FD6E" box="[151,199,655,681]" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">type</typeStatus>
locality, however, using the above information and Simons’ map which includes coordinates (
<bibRefCitation id="F92B6FAAFFA5FF8CFB7CFD62C17AFD6F" author="Simons, F. A. A." box="[1241,1389,654,680]" pageId="4" pageNumber="180" pagination="689 - 694" refId="ref7209" refString="Simons, F. A. A. (1879) Notes on the Topography of the Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta, U. S. of Colombia. Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society and Monthly Record of Geography, 1 (11), 689 - 694. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1800684" type="journal article" year="1879">Simons 1879</bibRefCitation>
) we made an estimate of the possible coordinates for the
<typeStatus id="4201ACF9FFA5FF8CFD41FD5FC703FD0A" box="[740,788,691,717]" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">type</typeStatus>
locality (
<figureCitation id="05810EDEFFA5FF8CFCDBFD5EC7C7FD0B" box="[894,976,690,716]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1936,1960]" captionTargetBox="[214,1382,195,1913]" captionTargetId="figure-27@7.[204,1382,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. a. Map showing the known collecting localities of C. lycurgus in Colombia. b. forest habitat in San Pedro de la Sierra, road to Las Lagunas at 2,600 m (F. Montero) c-d. live specimens of C. lycurgus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4806012" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4806012/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">Fig. 3a</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D05125BFFA5FF8CFF62FD3AC749FB67" blockId="4.[151,1437,150,1185]" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">
This century,
<taxonomicName id="5ABA69D8FFA5FF8CFEC6FD3BC629FD37" baseAuthorityName="Godman &amp; Salvin" baseAuthorityYear="1880" box="[355,574,726,753]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Catasticta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="180" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lycurgus">
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA5FF8CFEC6FD3BC629FD37" box="[355,574,726,753]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">Catasticta lycurgus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been recorded in elevations from
<quantity id="5A42BFBEFFA5FF8CFC51FD3AC045FD36" box="[1012,1106,726,753]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="4" pageNumber="180" unit="m" value="2600.0">2,600 m</quantity>
up to
<quantity id="5A42BFBEFFA5FF8CFB38FD3AC0ECFD36" box="[1181,1275,726,753]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.15" pageId="4" pageNumber="180" unit="m" value="3150.0">3,150 m</quantity>
(see non-type specimens) only in habitats in the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta in
<collectingCountry id="E5AD52CBFFA5FF8CFC2CFD16C7ECFCD3" box="[905,1019,762,788]" name="Colombia" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">Colombia</collectingCountry>
. This time, precise coordinates of the habitats in which this species is found have been taken (
<figureCitation id="05810EDEFFA5FF8CFD5BFCF2C758FCFF" box="[766,847,798,824]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1936,1960]" captionTargetBox="[214,1382,195,1913]" captionTargetId="figure-27@7.[204,1382,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. a. Map showing the known collecting localities of C. lycurgus in Colombia. b. forest habitat in San Pedro de la Sierra, road to Las Lagunas at 2,600 m (F. Montero) c-d. live specimens of C. lycurgus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4806012" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4806012/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">Fig. 3a</figureCitation>
). In
<date id="E904349BFFA5FF8CFCDAFCF3C003FCFF" box="[895,1044,798,825]" pageId="4" pageNumber="180" value="2013-01">January 2013</date>
CP found a relatively large population at
<quantity id="5A42BFBEFFA5FF8CFF40FCAEC52DFC9B" box="[229,314,834,860]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" pageId="4" pageNumber="180" unit="m" value="2700.0">2,700m</quantity>
on a ridge of the track leading from
<collectingCountry id="E5AD52CBFFA5FF8CFD72FCAEC75EFC9B" box="[727,841,834,860]" name="Saint Pierre and Miquelon" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">San Pedro</collectingCountry>
to the Río Frío lagoons. It appears that the species is common in certain years since at least 20 relatively fresh individuals were registered flying in a short period of time. Two males and
<specimenCount id="8BBCD9D2FFA5FF8CFEEBFC67C5DBFC63" box="[334,460,906,933]" pageId="4" pageNumber="180" type="female">one female</specimenCount>
were collected along the way. Specimens were rarely observed ‘mud-puddling’ (
<figureCitation id="05810EDEFFA5FF8CFACAFC66C4C5FC0E" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1936,1960]" captionTargetBox="[214,1382,195,1913]" captionTargetId="figure-27@7.[204,1382,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. a. Map showing the known collecting localities of C. lycurgus in Colombia. b. forest habitat in San Pedro de la Sierra, road to Las Lagunas at 2,600 m (F. Montero) c-d. live specimens of C. lycurgus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4806012" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4806012/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">Fig. 3c–d</figureCitation>
). Although authors FM and CP have visited the area for fieldwork on various occasions, there are no observation of adult specimens feeding on flowers nor information on immature stages. This species has been observed flying from around 0800 until 1400 hours. It is found most often near the ecotone between páramo and montane forest, usually near the border of the forest (
<figureCitation id="05810EDEFFA5FF8CFD2BFBF6C6F5FBF2" box="[654,738,1050,1077]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1936,1960]" captionTargetBox="[214,1382,195,1913]" captionTargetId="figure-27@7.[204,1382,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. a. Map showing the known collecting localities of C. lycurgus in Colombia. b. forest habitat in San Pedro de la Sierra, road to Las Lagunas at 2,600 m (F. Montero) c-d. live specimens of C. lycurgus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4806012" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4806012/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">Fig. 3b</figureCitation>
). Occasionally, some individuals were observed flying across open areas or flying in forest patches. Almost always, the males continue flying and will chase away other males of the same species from their perches. Adult males suddenly stop their wanderings and congregate over the foliage of prominent branches, a typical behaviour known as hill-topping.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</subSection>
<subSection id="F4350BB0FFA5FF80FF32FB22C52CFD42" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="184" pageId="4" pageNumber="180" type="multiple">
<subSubSection id="D5A041D0FFA5FF8CFF32FB22C6C6FB2F" box="[151,721,1230,1256]" pageId="4" pageNumber="180" type="multiple">
<paragraph id="9D05125BFFA5FF8CFF32FB22C6C6FB2F" blockId="4.[151,1437,1230,2012]" box="[151,721,1230,1256]" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">
<heading id="C64DA537FFA5FF8CFF32FB22C6C6FB2F" bold="true" box="[151,721,1230,1256]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="180" reason="1">
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA5FF8CFF32FB22C6C6FB2F" bold="true" box="[151,721,1230,1256]" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">
Systematic relations among the genus
<taxonomicName id="5ABA69D8FFA5FF8CFDFBFB22C6C6FB2F" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1870" box="[606,721,1230,1256]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Catasticta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="180" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA5FF8CFDFBFB22C6C6FB2F" bold="true" box="[606,721,1230,1256]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">Catasticta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D5A041D0FFA5FF80FF62FB1FC52CFD42" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="184" pageId="4" pageNumber="180" type="description">
<paragraph id="9D05125BFFA5FF8CFF62FB1FC051FA5B" blockId="4.[151,1437,1230,2012]" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">
<taxonomicName id="5ABA69D8FFA5FF8CFF62FB1FC5B5FACB" baseAuthorityName="Godman &amp; Salvin" baseAuthorityYear="1880" box="[199,418,1266,1293]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Catasticta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="180" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lycurgus">
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA5FF8CFF62FB1FC5B5FACB" box="[199,418,1266,1293]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">Catasticta lycurgus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was originally described as
<taxonomicName id="5ABA69D8FFA5FF8CFD4DFB1FC7BFFACB" authorityName="Huertas &amp; Prieto &amp; Montero &amp; Adams &amp; Crom &amp; Bollino &amp; Correa-Carmona &amp; Padrón" authorityYear="2021" box="[744,936,1266,1292]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Euterpe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arecales" pageId="4" pageNumber="180" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lycurgus">
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA5FF8CFD4DFB1FC7BFFACB" box="[744,936,1266,1292]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">Euterpe lycurgus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="F92B6FAAFFA5FF8CFC70FB1EC0EDFACB" author="Godman, F. D. &amp; Salvin, O." box="[981,1274,1266,1292]" pageId="4" pageNumber="180" pagination="119 - 132" refId="ref6433" refString="Godman, F. D. &amp; Salvin, O. (1880) A List of Diurnal Lepidoptera collected in the Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta, Columbia, and the Vicinity. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 28 (3), 119 - 132. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2311.1880. tb 02025. x" type="journal article" year="1880">Godman &amp; Salvin (1880)</bibRefCitation>
. Since then, it has not been studied further, presumably due to a lack of specimens. Therefore, its relationship inside
<taxonomicName id="5ABA69D8FFA5FF8CFA8CFAFBC18BFAF6" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1870" box="[1321,1436,1303,1329]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Catasticta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="180" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA5FF8CFA8CFAFBC18BFAF6" box="[1321,1436,1303,1329]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">Catasticta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
remains unclear.
<bibRefCitation id="F92B6FAAFFA5FF8CFEFCFAD6C5E4FA93" author="Talbot, G." box="[345,499,1338,1364]" pageId="4" pageNumber="180" pagination="1 - 320" refId="ref7566" refString="Talbot, G. (1932 - 1935) Pieridae I. In: Strand, E. (Ed.), Lepidopterorum Catalogus, 53, 1 - 320." type="journal article" year="1932">Talbot (1932)</bibRefCitation>
considered
<taxonomicName id="5ABA69D8FFA5FF8CFDDAFAD7C717FA93" authorityName="Huertas &amp; Prieto &amp; Montero &amp; Adams &amp; Crom &amp; Bollino &amp; Correa-Carmona &amp; Padrón" authorityYear="2021" box="[639,768,1338,1365]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Euterpe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arecales" pageId="4" pageNumber="180" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lycurgus">
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA5FF8CFDDAFAD7C717FA93" box="[639,768,1338,1365]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">C. lycurgus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a subspecies of
<taxonomicName id="5ABA69D8FFA5FF8CFC45FAD7C127FA92" authority="(Boisduval, 1836)" baseAuthorityName="Boisduval" baseAuthorityYear="1836" box="[992,1328,1338,1365]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Euterpe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arecales" pageId="4" pageNumber="180" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nimbice">
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA5FF8CFC45FAD7C04CFA93" box="[992,1115,1338,1365]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">C. nimbice</emphasis>
(Boisduval, 1836)
</taxonomicName>
probably due to the similarity of the dorsal wing pattern to
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA5FF8CFD19FAB3C6E6FABF" box="[700,753,1375,1401]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">C. n.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="5ABA69D8FFA5FF8CFD52FAB2C04BFABF" authority="Godman &amp; Salvin, 1889" authorityName="Godman &amp; Salvin" authorityYear="1889" box="[759,1116,1374,1400]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Catasticta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="180" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bryson">
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA5FF8CFD52FAB2C754FABF" box="[759,835,1374,1400]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">bryson</emphasis>
Godman &amp; Salvin, 1889
</taxonomicName>
. However, the scheme of the ventral wing pattern of
<taxonomicName id="5ABA69D8FFA5FF8CFE3BFA6FC609FA5B" authorityName="Huertas &amp; Prieto &amp; Montero &amp; Adams &amp; Crom &amp; Bollino &amp; Correa-Carmona &amp; Padrón" authorityYear="2021" box="[414,542,1410,1437]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Euterpe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arecales" pageId="4" pageNumber="180" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lycurgus">
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA5FF8CFE3BFA6FC609FA5B" box="[414,542,1410,1437]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">C. lycurgus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is completely different from that of
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA5FF8CFC13FA6FC051FA5B" box="[950,1094,1410,1437]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">
C. n.
<taxonomicName id="5ABA69D8FFA5FF8CFC57FA6EC055FA5B" authorityName="Godman &amp; Salvin" authorityYear="1889" box="[1010,1090,1410,1436]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Catasticta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="180" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bryson">bryson</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D05125BFFA5FF8CFF62FA4AC7E9F97A" blockId="4.[151,1437,1230,2012]" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">
<bibRefCitation id="F92B6FAAFFA5FF8CFF62FA4AC599FA07" author="Reissinger, E." box="[199,398,1446,1472]" pageId="4" pageNumber="180" pagination="97 - 124" refId="ref7107" refString="Reissinger, E. (1972) Zur Taxonomie und Systematik der Gattung Catasticta Butler (Lepidoptera, Pieridae). Entomologische Zeitschrift, 82, 97 - 124." type="journal article" year="1972">Reissinger (1972)</bibRefCitation>
included
<taxonomicName id="5ABA69D8FFA5FF8CFE5CFA4BC660FA07" authorityName="Huertas &amp; Prieto &amp; Montero &amp; Adams &amp; Crom &amp; Bollino &amp; Correa-Carmona &amp; Padrón" authorityYear="2021" box="[505,631,1446,1473]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Euterpe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arecales" pageId="4" pageNumber="180" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lycurgus">
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA5FF8CFE5CFA4BC660FA07" box="[505,631,1446,1473]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">C. lycurgus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the subgenus
<taxonomicName id="5ABA69D8FFA5FF8CFC8BFA4BC7B6FA06" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1870" box="[814,929,1447,1473]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Catasticta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="180" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA5FF8CFC8BFA4BC7B6FA06" box="[814,929,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">Catasticta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and in the subgroup
<taxonomicName id="5ABA69D8FFA5FF8CFB28FA4AC0F1FA07" baseAuthorityName="Boisduval" baseAuthorityYear="1836" box="[1165,1254,1446,1472]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Euterpe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arecales" pageId="4" pageNumber="180" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nimbice">
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA5FF8CFB28FA4AC0F1FA07" box="[1165,1254,1446,1472]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">nimbice</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which included
<taxonomicName id="5ABA69D8FFA5FF8CFF32FA27C506FA23" baseAuthorityName="Boisduval" baseAuthorityYear="1836" box="[151,273,1482,1509]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Euterpe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arecales" pageId="4" pageNumber="180" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nimbice">
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA5FF8CFF32FA27C506FA23" box="[151,273,1482,1509]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">C. nimbice</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry id="E5AD52CBFFA5FF8CFEF3FA26C5BBFA23" box="[342,428,1482,1508]" name="Mexico" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">Mexico</collectingCountry>
and
<taxonomicName id="5ABA69D8FFA5FF8CFE47FA27C71DFA22" authority="(Bates, 1864)" baseAuthorityName="Bates" baseAuthorityYear="1864" box="[482,778,1482,1509]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Catasticta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="180" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ochracea">
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA5FF8CFE47FA27C67CFA23" box="[482,619,1482,1509]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">C. ochracea</emphasis>
(Bates, 1864)
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry id="E5AD52CBFFA5FF8CFCEBFA26C7D0FA23" box="[846,967,1482,1508]" name="Guatemala" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">Guatemala</collectingCountry>
and
<taxonomicName id="5ABA69D8FFA5FF8CFC5AFA27C07BFA23" authorityName="Godman &amp; Salvin" authorityYear="1889" box="[1023,1132,1482,1509]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Catasticta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="180" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bryson">
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA5FF8CFC5AFA27C07BFA23" box="[1023,1132,1482,1509]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">C. bryson</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry id="E5AD52CBFFA5FF8CFB14FA26C139FA23" box="[1201,1326,1482,1508]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
, the latter ones being currently regarded as subspecies of
<taxonomicName id="5ABA69D8FFA5FF8CFD05FA03C70EF9CF" baseAuthorityName="Boisduval" baseAuthorityYear="1836" box="[672,793,1518,1545]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Euterpe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arecales" pageId="4" pageNumber="180" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nimbice">
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA5FF8CFD05FA03C70EF9CF" box="[672,793,1518,1545]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">C. nimbice</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="5ABA69D8FFA5FF8CFC83FA03C0A5F9CF" authority="Joicey &amp; Talbot, 1918" authorityName="Joicey &amp; Talbot" authorityYear="1918" box="[806,1202,1518,1545]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Catasticta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="180" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="peruviana">
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA5FF8CFC83FA03C7AFF9CF" box="[806,952,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">C. peruviana</emphasis>
Joicey &amp; Talbot, 1918
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry id="E5AD52CBFFA5FF8CFB50FA03C13FF9CE" box="[1269,1320,1519,1545]" name="Peru" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">Peru</collectingCountry>
(currently recognized as a subspecies
<taxonomicName id="5ABA69D8FFA5FF8CFE63F9FFC6D2F9EB" authorityName="Joicey &amp; Talbot" authorityYear="1918" box="[454,709,1555,1581]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Catasticta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="180" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="prioneris" subSpecies="peruviana">
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA5FF8CFE63F9FFC6D2F9EB" box="[454,709,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">C. prioneris peruviana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but most probably a valid species by its own);
<taxonomicName id="5ABA69D8FFA5FF8CFB68F9FFC533F997" authority="reducta Butler, 1896" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1896" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Catasticta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="180" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="reducta" subSpecies="reducta">
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA5FF8CFB68F9FFC18AF9EB" box="[1229,1437,1554,1581]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">C. reducta reducta</emphasis>
Butler, 1896
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry id="E5AD52CBFFA5FF8CFEC9F9DAC5DAF997" box="[364,461,1590,1616]" name="Ecuador" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
;
<taxonomicName id="5ABA69D8FFA5FF8CFE7FF9DBC7C5F997" authority="Reissinger, 1972" authorityName="Reissinger" authorityYear="1972" box="[474,978,1590,1617]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Catasticta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="180" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="reducta" subSpecies="microperuviana">
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA5FF8CFE7FF9DBC71BF997" box="[474,780,1590,1617]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">C. reducta microperuviana</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="F92B6FAAFFA5FF8CFCB0F9DAC7C5F997" author="Reissinger, E." box="[789,978,1590,1616]" pageId="4" pageNumber="180" pagination="97 - 124" refId="ref7107" refString="Reissinger, E. (1972) Zur Taxonomie und Systematik der Gattung Catasticta Butler (Lepidoptera, Pieridae). Entomologische Zeitschrift, 82, 97 - 124." type="journal article" year="1972">Reissinger, 1972</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry id="E5AD52CBFFA5FF8CFBBFF9DBC046F996" box="[1050,1105,1591,1617]" name="Peru" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">Peru</collectingCountry>
;
<taxonomicName id="5ABA69D8FFA5FF8CFBFBF9DBC4D8F9B3" authority="Butler, 1896" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1896" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Catasticta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="180" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="reducta" subSpecies="boliviana">
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA5FF8CFBFBF9DBC15FF997" box="[1118,1352,1590,1617]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">C. reducta boliviana</emphasis>
Butler, 1896
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry id="E5AD52CBFFA5FF8CFEB6F9B6C57EF9B3" box="[275,361,1626,1652]" name="Bolivia" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
;
<taxonomicName id="5ABA69D8FFA5FF8CFED1F9B7C6E1F9B3" authority="Brown &amp; Gabriel 1939" authorityName="Brown &amp; Gabriel" authorityYear="1939" box="[372,758,1626,1653]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Catasticta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="180" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="butleria">
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA5FF8CFED1F9B7C5FAF9B3" box="[372,493,1626,1653]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">C. butleria</emphasis>
Brown &amp; Gabriel 1939
</taxonomicName>
(a valid subspecies, now generally treated as
<taxonomicName id="5ABA69D8FFA5FF8CFB51F9B7C4DBF95F" authorityName="Brown &amp; Gabriel" authorityYear="1939" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Catasticta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="180" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="reducta" subSpecies="butleria">
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA5FF8CFB51F9B7C4DBF95F" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">C. reducta butleria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) from
<collectingCountry id="E5AD52CBFFA5FF8CFEBCF993C547F95E" box="[281,336,1663,1689]" name="Peru" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">Peru</collectingCountry>
;
<taxonomicName id="5ABA69D8FFA5FF8CFEFFF993C6C0F95F" authority="Lathy &amp; Rosenberg 1912" authorityName="Lathy &amp; Rosenberg" authorityYear="1912" box="[346,727,1662,1689]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Catasticta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="180" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="seitzi">
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA5FF8CFEFFF993C5A3F95F" box="[346,436,1663,1689]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">C. seitzi</emphasis>
Lathy &amp; Rosenberg 1912
</taxonomicName>
, from
<collectingCountry id="E5AD52CBFFA5FF8CFCBBF992C787F95F" box="[798,912,1662,1688]" name="Colombia" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">Colombia</collectingCountry>
;
<taxonomicName id="5ABA69D8FFA5FF8CFC3FF993C130F95F" authority="Brown &amp; Gabriel 1939" authorityName="Brown &amp; Gabriel" authorityYear="1939" box="[922,1319,1662,1689]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Catasticta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="180" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grossana">
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA5FF8CFC3FF993C037F95F" box="[922,1056,1663,1689]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">C. grossana</emphasis>
Brown &amp; Gabriel 1939
</taxonomicName>
(currently
<taxonomicName id="5ABA69D8FFA5FF8CFF32F94FC56EF97B" authorityName="Brown &amp; Gabriel" authorityYear="1939" box="[151,377,1698,1725]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Catasticta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="180" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="philone" subSpecies="grossana">
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA5FF8CFF32F94FC56EF97B" box="[151,377,1698,1725]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">C. philone grossana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) from
<collectingCountry id="E5AD52CBFFA5FF8CFE63F94EC623F97B" box="[454,564,1698,1724]" name="Colombia" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">Colombia</collectingCountry>
and
<taxonomicName id="5ABA69D8FFA5FF8CFDCEF94FC769F97B" authority="Butler, 1896" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1896" box="[619,894,1698,1725]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Catasticta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="180" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinapina">
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA5FF8CFDCEF94FC6FBF97B" box="[619,748,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">C. sinapina</emphasis>
Butler, 1896
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry id="E5AD52CBFFA5FF8CFC66F94FC7EDF97A" box="[963,1018,1699,1725]" name="Peru" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">Peru</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D05125BFFA5FF8CFF62F92AC6DFF88A" blockId="4.[151,1437,1230,2012]" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">
<bibRefCitation id="F92B6FAAFFA5FF8CFF62F92AC636F927" author="Eitschberger, U. &amp; Racheli, T." box="[199,545,1734,1760]" pageId="4" pageNumber="180" pagination="5 - 93" refId="ref6295" refString="Eitschberger, U. &amp; Racheli, T. (1998) Catasticta studies (Lepidoptera: Pieridae). Neue Entomologische Nachrichten, 41, 5 - 93." type="journal article" year="1998">Eitschberger &amp; Racheli (1998)</bibRefCitation>
, in their subdivision of
<taxonomicName id="5ABA69D8FFA5FF8CFC8CF92BC78BF926" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1870" box="[809,924,1735,1761]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Catasticta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="180" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA5FF8CFC8CF92BC78BF926" box="[809,924,1735,1761]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">Catasticta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in groups and subgroups based on the pattern designs on the hindwing underside, considered
<taxonomicName id="5ABA69D8FFA5FF8CFD13F907C720F8C3" authorityName="Huertas &amp; Prieto &amp; Montero &amp; Adams &amp; Crom &amp; Bollino &amp; Correa-Carmona &amp; Padrón" authorityYear="2021" box="[694,823,1770,1797]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Euterpe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arecales" pageId="4" pageNumber="180" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lycurgus">
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA5FF8CFD13F907C720F8C3" box="[694,823,1770,1797]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">C. lycurgus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
inside the “
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA5FF8CFC61F906C07BF8C3" box="[964,1132,1770,1796]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">aureomaculata</emphasis>
” group which included
<taxonomicName id="5ABA69D8FFA5FF8CFA26F907C4F1F8EF" baseAuthorityName="Dognin" baseAuthorityYear="1888" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Catasticta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="180" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="incerta">
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA5FF8CFA26F907C4F1F8EF" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">C. incerta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="5ABA69D8FFA5FF8CFF51F8E3C660F8EE" authority="Joicey &amp; Rosenberg, 1915" authorityName="Joicey &amp; Rosenberg" authorityYear="1915" box="[244,631,1806,1833]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Catasticta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="180" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fulva">
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA5FF8CFF51F8E3C55CF8EF" box="[244,331,1806,1833]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">C. fulva</emphasis>
Joicey &amp; Rosenberg, 1915
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="5ABA69D8FFA5FF8CFD0EF8E3C73DF8EF" authorityName="Huertas &amp; Prieto &amp; Montero &amp; Adams &amp; Crom &amp; Bollino &amp; Correa-Carmona &amp; Padrón" authorityYear="2021" box="[683,810,1806,1833]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Euterpe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arecales" pageId="4" pageNumber="180" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lycurgus">
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA5FF8CFD0EF8E3C73DF8EF" box="[683,810,1806,1833]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">C. lycurgus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the last including two subspecies
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA5FF8CFB0FF8E3C0CEF8EF" box="[1194,1241,1806,1833]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">C. l.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="5ABA69D8FFA5FF8CFB7AF8E2C591F88B" authority="Lathy &amp; Rosenberger, 1912" authorityName="Lathy &amp; Rosenberger" authorityYear="1912" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Catasticta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="180" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lanceolata">
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA5FF8CFB7AF8E2C142F8EF" box="[1247,1365,1806,1832]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">lanceolata</emphasis>
Lathy &amp; Rosenberger, 1912
</taxonomicName>
and
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA5FF8CFE19F8DFC5FBF88B" box="[444,492,1842,1869]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">C. l.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="5ABA69D8FFA5FF8CFE56F8DEC6D3F88A" authority="Fassl, 1915" authorityName="Fassl" authorityYear="1915" box="[499,708,1842,1869]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Catasticta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="180" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tolima">
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA5FF8CFE56F8DEC62CF88B" box="[499,571,1842,1868]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">tolima</emphasis>
Fassl, 1915
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D05125BFFA5FF8CFF62F8BAC579F81B" blockId="4.[151,1437,1230,2012]" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">
<bibRefCitation id="F92B6FAAFFA5FF8CFF62F8BAC610F8B7" author="Bollino, M. &amp; Rodriguez, G." box="[199,519,1878,1904]" pageId="4" pageNumber="180" pagination="135 - 140" refId="ref6220" refString="Bollino, M. &amp; Rodriguez, G. (2003) Dos nuevas Catasticta (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) de Antioquia (Colombia noroccidental, Suramerica). Lambillionea, 103 (1), 135 - 140." type="journal article" year="2003">Bollino &amp; Rodríguez (2003)</bibRefCitation>
discussed these taxonomical combinations and removed the two subspecies from
<taxonomicName id="5ABA69D8FFA5FF8CFF32F897C50FF853" authorityName="Huertas &amp; Prieto &amp; Montero &amp; Adams &amp; Crom &amp; Bollino &amp; Correa-Carmona &amp; Padrón" authorityYear="2021" box="[151,280,1914,1941]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Euterpe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arecales" pageId="4" pageNumber="180" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lycurgus">
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA5FF8CFF32F897C4BDF852" box="[151,170,1915,1941]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">C</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA5FF8CFF1CF896C50FF853" box="[185,280,1914,1940]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">lycurgus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, so revalidating
<taxonomicName id="5ABA69D8FFA5FF8CFE72F897C678F853" authorityName="Lathy &amp; Rosenberger" authorityYear="1912" box="[471,623,1914,1941]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Catasticta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="180" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lanceolata">
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA5FF8CFE72F897C5FDF852" box="[471,490,1915,1941]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">C</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA5FF8CFE5CF896C678F853" box="[505,623,1914,1940]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">lanceolata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a full species, with
<taxonomicName id="5ABA69D8FFA5FF8CFCD3F897C7F7F853" authorityName="Fassl" authorityYear="1915" box="[886,992,1914,1941]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Catasticta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="180" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tolima">
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA5FF8CFCD3F897C79EF852" box="[886,905,1915,1941]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">C</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA5FF8CFC3DF896C7F7F853" box="[920,992,1914,1940]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">tolima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as its subjective synonym. Le Crom
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA5FF8CFA2DF897C4A3F87F" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">et al.</emphasis>
(2004) diagnosed it and sketched out its distribution. Finally,
<bibRefCitation id="F92B6FAAFFA5FF8CFCDDF873C00FF87F" author="Lamas, G." box="[888,1048,1950,1977]" pageId="4" pageNumber="180" pagination="1 - 439" refId="ref6690" refString="Lamas, G. (2004) Checklist: Part 4 A. Hesperioidea-Papilionoidea. In: Heppner, J. B. (Ed.), Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera. Vol. 5 A. Association for Tropical Lepidoptera / Scientific Publishers, Gainesville, Florida, pp. 1 - 439." type="book chapter" year="2004">Lamas (2004)</bibRefCitation>
, recognised
<taxonomicName id="5ABA69D8FFA5FF8CFB03F873C130F87F" authorityName="Huertas &amp; Prieto &amp; Montero &amp; Adams &amp; Crom &amp; Bollino &amp; Correa-Carmona &amp; Padrón" authorityYear="2021" box="[1190,1319,1950,1977]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Euterpe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arecales" pageId="4" pageNumber="180" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lycurgus">
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA5FF8CFB03F873C0AEF87E" box="[1190,1209,1951,1977]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">C</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA5FF8CFB6DF872C130F87F" box="[1224,1319,1950,1976]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">lycurgus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a valid monotypic species.
</paragraph>
<caption id="C9C542D3FFA4FF8DFF32F874C6D7F813" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4806002" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4806002" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4806002/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="181" startId="5.[151,250,1944,1968]" targetBox="[396,1191,181,1911]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="9D05125BFFA4FF8DFF32F874C6D7F813" blockId="5.[151,1437,1944,2004]" pageId="5" pageNumber="181">
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA4FF8DFF32F874C53CF877" bold="true" box="[151,299,1944,1968]" pageId="5" pageNumber="181">FIGURE 1. a.</emphasis>
Original figure of
<taxonomicName id="5ABA69D8FFA4FF8DFE4DF875C683F877" authorityName="Huertas &amp; Prieto &amp; Montero &amp; Adams &amp; Crom &amp; Bollino &amp; Correa-Carmona &amp; Padrón" authorityYear="2021" box="[488,660,1944,1968]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Euterpe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arecales" pageId="5" pageNumber="181" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lycurgus">
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA4FF8DFE4DF875C683F877" box="[488,660,1944,1968]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="181">Euterpe lycurgus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<bibRefCitation id="F92B6FAAFFA4FF8DFD75F874C7C3F877" author="Godman, F. D. &amp; Salvin, O." box="[720,980,1944,1968]" pageId="5" pageNumber="181" pagination="119 - 132" refId="ref6433" refString="Godman, F. D. &amp; Salvin, O. (1880) A List of Diurnal Lepidoptera collected in the Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta, Columbia, and the Vicinity. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 28 (3), 119 - 132. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2311.1880. tb 02025. x" type="journal article" year="1880">Godman &amp; Salvin (1880)</bibRefCitation>
.
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA4FF8DFC78F874C7E6F877" bold="true" box="[989,1009,1944,1968]" pageId="5" pageNumber="181">b.</emphasis>
Holotype, male specimen dorsal view and labels
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA4FF8DFF7CF850C4FDF813" bold="true" box="[217,234,1980,2004]" pageId="5" pageNumber="181">c.</emphasis>
ventral view (B. Huertas, Trustees NHMUK).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="C9C542D3FFA7FF8EFF32F87BC11FF813" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4806008" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4806008" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4806008/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="182" startId="6.[151,250,1943,1967]" targetBox="[168,1420,196,1907]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="9D05125BFFA7FF8EFF32F87BC11FF813" blockId="6.[151,1436,1943,2004]" pageId="6" pageNumber="182">
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA7FF8EFF32F87BC505F868" bold="true" box="[151,274,1943,1967]" pageId="6" pageNumber="182">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
New male specimens known of
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA7FF8EFDF0F874C6D8F877" box="[597,719,1944,1968]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="182">
<taxonomicName id="5ABA69D8FFA7FF8EFDF0F874C6DBF877" authorityName="Huertas &amp; Prieto &amp; Montero &amp; Adams &amp; Crom &amp; Bollino &amp; Correa-Carmona &amp; Padrón" authorityYear="2021" box="[597,716,1944,1968]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Euterpe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arecales" pageId="6" pageNumber="182" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lycurgus">C. lycurgus</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA7FF8EFD71F874C6F1F877" bold="true" box="[724,742,1944,1968]" pageId="6" pageNumber="182">a.</emphasis>
recently collected dorsal view.
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA7FF8EFB84F874C022F877" bold="true" box="[1057,1077,1944,1968]" pageId="6" pageNumber="182">b.</emphasis>
ventral view (M. Bollino)
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA7FF8EFAE4F874C145F877" bold="true" box="[1345,1362,1944,1968]" pageId="6" pageNumber="182">c.</emphasis>
female of
<taxonomicName id="5ABA69D8FFA7FF8EFF16F850C531F813" authorityName="Huertas &amp; Prieto &amp; Montero &amp; Adams &amp; Crom &amp; Bollino &amp; Correa-Carmona &amp; Padrón" authorityYear="2021" box="[179,294,1980,2004]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Euterpe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arecales" pageId="6" pageNumber="182" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lycurgus">
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA7FF8EFF16F850C531F813" box="[179,294,1980,2004]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="182">C. lycurgus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
illustrated for the first time, dorsal view
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA7FF8EFD63F850C6CCF813" bold="true" box="[710,731,1980,2004]" pageId="6" pageNumber="182">d.</emphasis>
ventral view (C. Prieto)
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA7FF8EFC72F857C7F1F814" bold="true" box="[983,998,1979,2003]" pageId="6" pageNumber="182">f.</emphasis>
male genitalia (M. Bollino).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="C9C542D3FFA6FF8FFF32F87CC019F802" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4806012" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4806012" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4806012/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="183" startId="7.[151,250,1936,1960]" targetBox="[214,1382,195,1913]" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph id="9D05125BFFA6FF8FFF32F87CC019F802" blockId="7.[151,1407,1936,1990]" pageId="7" pageNumber="183">
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA6FF8FFF32F87CC53BF86F" bold="true" box="[151,300,1936,1960]" pageId="7" pageNumber="183">FIGURE 3. a.</emphasis>
Map showing the known collecting localities of
<taxonomicName id="5ABA69D8FFA6FF8FFCB9F87DC798F86F" authorityName="Huertas &amp; Prieto &amp; Montero &amp; Adams &amp; Crom &amp; Bollino &amp; Correa-Carmona &amp; Padrón" authorityYear="2021" box="[796,911,1936,1960]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Euterpe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arecales" pageId="7" pageNumber="183" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lycurgus">
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA6FF8FFCB9F87DC798F86F" box="[796,911,1936,1960]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="183">C. lycurgus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in Colombia.
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA6FF8FFB84F87CC022F86F" bold="true" box="[1057,1077,1936,1960]" pageId="7" pageNumber="183">b.</emphasis>
forest habitat in San Pedro de la Sierra, road to Las Lagunas at 2,600 m (F. Montero)
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA6FF8FFD0BF842C6C1F801" bold="true" box="[686,726,1966,1990]" pageId="7" pageNumber="183">c-d.</emphasis>
live specimens of
<taxonomicName id="5ABA69D8FFA6FF8FFC31F842C01FF801" authorityName="Huertas &amp; Prieto &amp; Montero &amp; Adams &amp; Crom &amp; Bollino &amp; Correa-Carmona &amp; Padrón" authorityYear="2021" box="[916,1032,1966,1990]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Euterpe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arecales" pageId="7" pageNumber="183" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lycurgus">
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA6FF8FFC31F842C01FF801" box="[916,1032,1966,1990]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="183">C. lycurgus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="9D05125BFFA9FF80FF62FF7BC52CFD42" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,645]" pageId="8" pageNumber="184">
Despite what has been said, the systematic relationships between
<taxonomicName id="5ABA69D8FFA9FF80FC3EFF7BC00EFF76" authorityName="Huertas &amp; Prieto &amp; Montero &amp; Adams &amp; Crom &amp; Bollino &amp; Correa-Carmona &amp; Padrón" authorityYear="2021" box="[923,1049,151,177]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Euterpe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arecales" pageId="8" pageNumber="184" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lycurgus">
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA9FF80FC3EFF7BC7B9FF76" box="[923,942,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="184">C</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA9FF80FC1FFF7BC00EFF76" box="[954,1049,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="184">lycurgus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and the other species of
<taxonomicName id="5ABA69D8FFA9FF80FA8CFF7BC18BFF76" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1870" box="[1321,1436,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Catasticta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="184" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA9FF80FA8CFF7BC18BFF76" box="[1321,1436,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="184">Catasticta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are not yet clear. One of the criteria of classification established by
<bibRefCitation id="F92B6FAAFFA9FF80FC2EFF57C0F4FF12" author="Eitschberger, U. &amp; Racheli, T." box="[907,1251,187,213]" pageId="8" pageNumber="184" pagination="5 - 93" refId="ref6295" refString="Eitschberger, U. &amp; Racheli, T. (1998) Catasticta studies (Lepidoptera: Pieridae). Neue Entomologische Nachrichten, 41, 5 - 93." type="journal article" year="1998">Eitschberger &amp; Racheli (1998)</bibRefCitation>
states
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA9FF80FA95FF57C183FF3E" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="184">that “The design [on the hindwing underside] is complex and it is unlikely that it may be sustained only by convergence”</emphasis>
; for the same reason we could suppose that the similarity on the hindwing underside of two or more taxa cannot be supported by convergence, but indicates that, most likely, these taxa are phylogenetically related. Examining in detail the FW and HW morphology in
<taxonomicName id="5ABA69D8FFA9FF80FDE1FEA7C6D3FEA2" authorityName="Huertas &amp; Prieto &amp; Montero &amp; Adams &amp; Crom &amp; Bollino &amp; Correa-Carmona &amp; Padrón" authorityYear="2021" box="[580,708,331,357]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Euterpe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arecales" pageId="8" pageNumber="184" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lycurgus">
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA9FF80FDE1FEA7C6D3FEA2" box="[580,708,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="184">C. lycurgus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the species is very similar to
<taxonomicName id="5ABA69D8FFA9FF80FBB1FEA7C094FEA3" baseAuthorityName="Dognin" baseAuthorityYear="1888" box="[1044,1155,331,357]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Catasticta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="184" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="incerta">
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA9FF80FBB1FEA7C094FEA3" box="[1044,1155,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="184">C. incerta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Females of both species are also very similar to each other. The chorology and altitudinal distribution of both species would also suggest that possibly a common ancestor is shared:
<taxonomicName id="5ABA69D8FFA9FF80FD25FE7FC6E8FE6A" authorityName="Huertas &amp; Prieto &amp; Montero &amp; Adams &amp; Crom &amp; Bollino &amp; Correa-Carmona &amp; Padrón" authorityYear="2021" box="[640,767,403,429]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Euterpe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arecales" pageId="8" pageNumber="184" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lycurgus">
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA9FF80FD25FE7FC6E8FE6A" box="[640,767,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="184">C. lycurgus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is found at Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta between
<quantity id="5A42BFBEFFA9FF80FAE5FE7FC4E5FE16" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.875" metricValueMax="3.15" metricValueMin="2.6" pageId="8" pageNumber="184" unit="m" value="2875.0" valueMax="3150.0" valueMin="2600.0">2,600 to 3,150 m</quantity>
and
<taxonomicName id="5ABA69D8FFA9FF80FE82FE5BC582FE17" baseAuthorityName="Dognin" baseAuthorityYear="1888" box="[295,405,439,465]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Catasticta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="184" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="incerta">
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA9FF80FE82FE5BC582FE17" box="[295,405,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="184">C. incerta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is distributed from the Colombian Quindío southwards to northern
<collectingCountry id="E5AD52CBFFA9FF80FB27FE5BC0A2FE16" box="[1154,1205,439,465]" name="Peru" pageId="8" pageNumber="184">Peru</collectingCountry>
in a high elevational range between 1,700 and
<quantity id="5A42BFBEFFA9FF80FE16FE37C606FE32" box="[435,529,475,501]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="184" unit="m" value="3000.0">3,000 m</quantity>
. Although
<bibRefCitation id="F92B6FAAFFA9FF80FD2FFE37C73DFE32" author="Padron, P. S." box="[650,810,475,501]" pageId="8" pageNumber="184" refId="ref7013" refString="Padron, P. S. (2014) Molecular phylogeny and biogeography of the genus Catasticta Butler, 1870 [dissertation]. University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 156 pp." type="book" year="2014">Padrón (2014)</bibRefCitation>
does not include
<taxonomicName id="5ABA69D8FFA9FF80FC48FE37C07BFE32" authorityName="Huertas &amp; Prieto &amp; Montero &amp; Adams &amp; Crom &amp; Bollino &amp; Correa-Carmona &amp; Padrón" authorityYear="2021" box="[1005,1132,475,501]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Euterpe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arecales" pageId="8" pageNumber="184" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lycurgus">
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA9FF80FC48FE37C07BFE32" box="[1005,1132,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="184">C. lycurgus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
among the studied species, he subsequently managed to obtain good DNA sequences from freshly collected specimens and his results indicate that
<taxonomicName id="5ABA69D8FFA9FF80FF6CFDCFC55DFDFA" authorityName="Huertas &amp; Prieto &amp; Montero &amp; Adams &amp; Crom &amp; Bollino &amp; Correa-Carmona &amp; Padrón" authorityYear="2021" box="[201,330,547,573]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Euterpe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arecales" pageId="8" pageNumber="184" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lycurgus">
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA9FF80FF6CFDCFC55DFDFA" box="[201,330,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="184">C. lycurgus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
would be the sister clade of the
<taxonomicName id="5ABA69D8FFA9FF80FD18FDCFC76FFDFB" baseAuthorityName="Hopffer" baseAuthorityYear="1874" box="[701,888,547,573]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Catasticta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="184" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pieris">
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA9FF80FD18FDCFC76FFDFB" box="[701,888,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="184">Catasticta pieris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
/
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA9FF80FC35FDCFC7EAFDFB" box="[912,1021,547,572]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="184">eurigania</emphasis>
complex and would instead have no relationship with the
<taxonomicName id="5ABA69D8FFA9FF80FE26FDABC642FDA6" authorityName="Brown &amp; Gabriel" authorityYear="1939" box="[387,597,583,609]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Catasticta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="184" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frontina">
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA9FF80FE26FDABC642FDA6" box="[387,597,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="184">Catasticta frontina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species group (
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA9FF80FCA1FDABC755FDA7" box="[772,834,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="184">sensu</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="F92B6FAAFFA9FF80FCECFDABC7CEFDA6" author="Padron, P. S." box="[841,985,583,609]" pageId="8" pageNumber="184" refId="ref7013" refString="Padron, P. S. (2014) Molecular phylogeny and biogeography of the genus Catasticta Butler, 1870 [dissertation]. University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 156 pp." type="book" year="2014">Padrón 2014</bibRefCitation>
) in which
<taxonomicName id="5ABA69D8FFA9FF80FBEBFDABC0AAFDA7" baseAuthorityName="Dognin" baseAuthorityYear="1888" box="[1102,1213,583,609]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Catasticta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="184" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="incerta">
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA9FF80FBEBFDABC0AAFDA7" box="[1102,1213,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="184">C. incerta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is included (Padrón et al.
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA9FF80FF70FD87C53CFD43" box="[213,299,619,644]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="184">in prep.</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</subSection>
<subSubSection id="D5A041D0FFA9FF80FF32FD5FC644FD0B" box="[151,595,690,717]" pageId="8" pageNumber="184" type="multiple">
<paragraph id="9D05125BFFA9FF80FF32FD5FC644FD0B" blockId="8.[151,1437,690,1581]" box="[151,595,690,717]" pageId="8" pageNumber="184">
<heading id="C64DA537FFA9FF80FF32FD5FC644FD0B" bold="true" box="[151,595,690,717]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="184" reason="1">
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA9FF80FF32FD5FC644FD0B" bold="true" box="[151,595,690,717]" pageId="8" pageNumber="184">
Remarks on
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<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA9FF80FE95FD5FC5A3FD0A" bold="true" box="[304,436,690,717]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="184">C. lycurgus</emphasis>
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conservation
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D5A041D0FFA9FF80FF62FD3BC015F9EA" pageId="8" pageNumber="184" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="9D05125BFFA9FF80FF62FD3BC50DFC0E" blockId="8.[151,1437,690,1581]" pageId="8" pageNumber="184">
The Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta is considered one of the most important centres of endemism and is also well known for the presence of endangered species (
<bibRefCitation id="F92B6FAAFFA9FF80FD09FD17C7A0FCD2" author="Stattersfield, A. J. &amp; Crosby, M. J. &amp; Long, A. J. &amp; Wege, D. C." box="[684,951,763,789]" pageId="8" pageNumber="184" refId="ref7391" refString="Stattersfield, A. J., Crosby, M. J., Long, A. J. &amp; Wege, D. C. (1998) Endemic bird areas of the world. Priorities for biodiversity conservation. BirdLife International, Cambridge, 846 pp." type="book" year="1998">
Stattersfield
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA9FF80FC99FD17C762FCD2" box="[828,885,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="184">et al.</emphasis>
1998
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="F92B6FAAFFA9FF80FC64FD17C087FCD2" author="Alvear, M. &amp; Ocampo, G. &amp; Parra-O., C. &amp; Carbono, E. &amp; Almeda, F." box="[961,1168,763,789]" pageId="8" pageNumber="184" pagination="1 - 30" refId="ref6013" refString="Alvear, M., Ocampo, G., Parra-O., C., Carbono, E. &amp; Almeda, F. (2014) Melastomataceae of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta (Colombia): Floristic affinities and annotated catalogue. Phytotaxa, 195 (1), 1 - 30. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 195.1.1" type="journal article" year="2014">
Alvear
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA9FF80FBB1FD17C05AFCD2" box="[1044,1101,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="184">et al.</emphasis>
2014
</bibRefCitation>
), which makes this area of special importance for conservation. This isolated Andean mountain has been one of the national protected areas or National Parks (PNN) of
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since 1964, and was declared a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve in 1979 (whc. unesco.org). The Sierra Nevada is one of the Key Biodiversity Areas for Conservation (KBA, keybiodiversityareas. org) and one of the Alliance for Zero Extinction sites (AZE, zeroextinction.org) vital for preventing global species extinctions.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D05125BFFA9FF80FF62FC3FC793FB66" blockId="8.[151,1437,690,1581]" pageId="8" pageNumber="184">
Patterns of highly restricted distribution and endemism have been observed for butterflies (
<bibRefCitation id="F92B6FAAFFA9FF80FB45FC3FC180FC2A" author="Takahashi, M." box="[1248,1431,979,1005]" pageId="8" pageNumber="184" pagination="13 - 25" refId="ref7521" refString="Takahashi, M. (1976) A list of Pieridae, collected in the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta and the vicinity, Colombia, South America. Bulletin of the Japan Entomological Academy, 10 (1), 13 - 25." type="journal article" year="1976">Takahashi 1976</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="F92B6FAAFFA9FF80FF32FC1BC525FBD6" author="Shapiro, A. M." box="[151,306,1015,1041]" pageId="8" pageNumber="184" pagination="161 - 170" refId="ref7137" refString="Shapiro, A. M. (1979) Notes on the behavior and ecology of Reliquia santamarta, an Alpine butterfly (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) from the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia, with comparisons to Nearctic Alpine Pierini. Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment, 14 (2 / 3), 161 - 170. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 01650527909360552" type="journal article" year="1979">Shapiro 1979</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="F92B6FAAFFA9FF80FE9AFC1BC670FBD6" author="Adams, M. &amp; Bernard, G." box="[319,615,1015,1041]" pageId="8" pageNumber="184" pagination="263 - 281" refId="ref5955" refString="Adams, M. &amp; Bernard, G. (1977) Pronophiline butterflies (Satyridae) of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia. Systematic Entomology, 2 (4), 263 - 281. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 3113.1977. tb 00376. x" type="journal article" year="1977">Adams and Bernard 1977</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="F92B6FAAFFA9FF80FDD1FC1BC710FBD6" author="Adams, M." box="[628,775,1015,1041]" pageId="8" pageNumber="184" pagination="235 - 320" refId="ref5900" refString="Adams, M. (1986) Pronophiline butterflies (Satyridae) of the three Andean Cordilleras of Colombia. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 87 (3), 235 - 320. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1986. tb 01338. x" type="journal article" year="1986">Adams 1986</bibRefCitation>
; Attal and Crosson du Cormier 1996;
<bibRefCitation id="F92B6FAAFFA9FF80FB1AFC1BC4C5FBF2" author="Torres-Nunez, R. &amp; Le Crom, J. F. &amp; Garcia Sarmiento, M. J." pageId="8" pageNumber="184" pagination="191 - 210" refId="ref7598" refString="Torres-Nunez, R., Le Crom, J. F. &amp; Garcia Sarmiento, M. J. (1999) Lista y comentarios biogeograficos sobre las especies del genero Catasticta Butler en Colombia (Lepidoptera: Pieridae). In: Amat, G. D., Andrade, M. G. &amp; Fernandez, F. (Eds.), Insectos de Colombia. Volumen II. Academia colombiana de Ciencias exactas, fisicas y naturales, Bogota, pp. 191 - 210." type="book chapter" year="1999">
Torres-Nuñez
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA9FF80FAC7FC1BC18AFBD6" box="[1378,1437,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="184">et al.</emphasis>
1999
</bibRefCitation>
, Llorente-Bousquets &amp; Le Crom, 2004), and this is especially true for
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<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA9FF80FC5FFBF7C07AFBF2" box="[1018,1133,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="184">Catasticta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Several butterflies are restricted to this mountain including four species of
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA9FF80FD76FBD3C729FB9E" box="[723,830,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="184">Catastica</emphasis>
that can be found flying along an altitudinal gradient ranging from
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, for example
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<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA9FF80FD27FB8FC7F8FBBA" box="[642,1007,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="184">Catasticta rochereaui laurentina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="5ABA69D8FFA9FF80FC58FB8FC54CFB66" authority="(Eitschberger &amp; Racheli, 1998)" baseAuthorityName="Eitschberger &amp; Racheli" baseAuthorityYear="1998" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Catasticta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="184" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="chrysolopha" subSpecies="adamsi">
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA9FF80FC58FB8FC0E8FBBA" box="[1021,1279,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="184">C. chrysolopha adamsi</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="F92B6FAAFFA9FF80FAA8FB8FC544FB66" author="Eitschberger, U. &amp; Racheli, T." pageId="8" pageNumber="184" pagination="5 - 93" refId="ref6295" refString="Eitschberger, U. &amp; Racheli, T. (1998) Catasticta studies (Lepidoptera: Pieridae). Neue Entomologische Nachrichten, 41, 5 - 93." type="journal article" year="1998">Eitschberger &amp; Racheli, 1998</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="5ABA69D8FFA9FF80FEC2FB6BC6D0FB66" authority="Brown, 1933" authorityName="Brown" authorityYear="1933" box="[359,711,1159,1185]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Catasticta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="184" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="flisa" subSpecies="postaurea">
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA9FF80FEC2FB6BC639FB67" box="[359,558,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="184">C. flisa postaurea</emphasis>
Brown, 1933
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="5ABA69D8FFA9FF80FD58FB6BC76AFB66" authorityName="Huertas &amp; Prieto &amp; Montero &amp; Adams &amp; Crom &amp; Bollino &amp; Correa-Carmona &amp; Padrón" authorityYear="2021" box="[765,893,1159,1185]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Euterpe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arecales" pageId="8" pageNumber="184" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lycurgus">
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA9FF80FD58FB6BC76AFB66" box="[765,893,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="184">C. lycurgus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D05125BFFA9FF80FF62FB47C015F9EA" blockId="8.[151,1437,690,1581]" pageId="8" pageNumber="184">
Notably, several new butterfly taxa have been discovered in the last century in the Santa Marta Mountains (e.g.
<bibRefCitation id="F92B6FAAFFA9FF80FF32FB23C5B0FB2E" author="Adams, M. &amp; Bernard, G." box="[151,423,1231,1257]" pageId="8" pageNumber="184" pagination="263 - 281" refId="ref5955" refString="Adams, M. &amp; Bernard, G. (1977) Pronophiline butterflies (Satyridae) of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia. Systematic Entomology, 2 (4), 263 - 281. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 3113.1977. tb 00376. x" type="journal article" year="1977">Adams &amp; Bernard 1977</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="F92B6FAAFFA9FF80FE17FB23C66FFB2E" author="Steinhauser, S. R." box="[434,632,1231,1257]" pageId="8" pageNumber="184" pagination="53 - 61" refId="ref7441" refString="Steinhauser, S. R. (2002) Five new species of Dalla from Colombia and Ecuador (Hesperiidae). Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society, 56 (1), 53 - 61." type="journal article" year="2002">Steinhauser 2002</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="F92B6FAAFFA9FF80FD26FB23C710FB2E" author="Prieto, C." box="[643,775,1231,1257]" pageId="8" pageNumber="184" pagination="55 - 68" refId="ref7048" refString="Prieto, C. (2011) The genus Micandra Staudinger (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae: Theclinae) in Colombia, with the description of a new species from the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta. Zootaxa, 3040 (1), 55 - 68. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3040.1.7" type="journal article" year="2011">Prieto 2011</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="F92B6FAAFFA9FF80FCB6FB23C0ADFB2E" author="Llorente-Bousquets, J. &amp; Le Crom, J." box="[787,1210,1231,1257]" pageId="8" pageNumber="184" pagination="276 - 280" refId="ref6792" refString="Llorente-Bousquets, J. &amp; Le Crom, J. (2013) Descripcion de dos nuevos Dismorphiini (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) con reflexiones del endemismo en la Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia. Revista Colombiana de Entomologia, 39 (2), 276 - 280." type="journal article" year="2013">Llorente-Bousquets &amp; Le Crom 2013</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="F92B6FAAFFA9FF80FB60FB23C19BFB2E" author="Henao, E. R. &amp; Carneiro, E. &amp; Mielke, O. H. H. &amp; Casagrande, M. M." box="[1221,1420,1230,1257]" pageId="8" pageNumber="184" pagination="59 - 73" refId="ref6558" refString="Henao, E. R., Carneiro, E., Mielke, O. H. H. &amp; Casagrande, M. M. (2015) Taxonomic notes on Wahydra Steinhauser (Hesperiidae, Hesperiinae, Anthoptini) with description of four new species. Zootaxa, 4040 (1), 59 - 73. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4040.1.5" type="journal article" year="2015">
Henao
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA9FF80FAB0FB23C151FB2E" box="[1301,1350,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="184">et al</emphasis>
. 2015
</bibRefCitation>
), but no other specimens of this elusive species have been found or at least, are not recorded in accessible collections. Although various researchers and university students have made other studies on butterflies in the Sierra, very few have been published (e.g.
<bibRefCitation id="F92B6FAAFFA9FF80FE61FAD7C66FFA92" author="Takahashi, M." box="[452,632,1339,1365]" pageId="8" pageNumber="184" pagination="119 - 127" refId="ref7478" refString="Takahashi, M. (1971) Butterfly fauna of the Santa Marta Mountains, northern Colombia, South America. Shizuoka Daigaku Chigaku Kenkyu Hokoku [Geological Reports of Shizuoka University], 2 (2), 119 - 127." type="journal article" year="1971">Takahashi 1971</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="F92B6FAAFFA9FF80FD23FAD7C6D6FA92" author="Takahashi, M." box="[646,705,1339,1365]" pageId="8" pageNumber="184" pagination="13 - 25" refId="ref7521" refString="Takahashi, M. (1976) A list of Pieridae, collected in the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta and the vicinity, Colombia, South America. Bulletin of the Japan Entomological Academy, 10 (1), 13 - 25." type="journal article" year="1976">1976</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="F92B6FAAFFA9FF80FD6BFAD7C776FA92" author="Adams, M." box="[718,865,1339,1365]" pageId="8" pageNumber="184" pagination="699 - 718" refId="ref5855" refString="Adams, M. (1973) Ecological zonation and the butterflies of Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia. Journal of Natural History, 7 (6), 699 - 718. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222937300770601" type="journal article" year="1973">Adams 1973</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="F92B6FAAFFA9FF80FCCAFAD7C114FA92" author="Montero-Abril, F. &amp; Ortiz-Perez, M." box="[879,1283,1339,1365]" pageId="8" pageNumber="184" pagination="73 - 78" refId="ref6886" refString="Montero-Abril, F. &amp; Ortiz-Perez, M. (2010) Descripcion de los estados inmaduros de Morpho rhodopteron nevadensis (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Morphinae). Tropical Lepidoptera Research, 20 (2), 73 - 78." type="journal article" year="2010">Montero-Abril &amp; Ortiz-Pérez 2010</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="F92B6FAAFFA9FF80FAB5FAD7C4C3FABE" author="Ochoa, J. A. &amp; Escorcia, K. &amp; Duran, J. A. &amp; Prieto, C." pageId="8" pageNumber="184" pagination="320 - 326" refId="ref6928" refString="Ochoa, J. A., Escorcia, K., Duran, J. A. &amp; Prieto, C. (2018) Population structure of Morpho rhodopteron, Godman &amp; Salvin (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) an endemic butterfly from the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia. Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society, 72 (4), 320 - 326. https: // doi. org / 10.18473 / lepi. 72 i 4. a 10" type="journal article" year="2018">
Ochoa
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA9FF80FAC7FAD7C182FA92" box="[1378,1429,1339,1365]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="184">et al</emphasis>
. 2018
</bibRefCitation>
). The re-discovery of this species means that although scarce and rare,
<taxonomicName id="5ABA69D8FFA9FF80FC57FAB3C065FABE" authorityName="Huertas &amp; Prieto &amp; Montero &amp; Adams &amp; Crom &amp; Bollino &amp; Correa-Carmona &amp; Padrón" authorityYear="2021" box="[1010,1138,1375,1401]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Euterpe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arecales" pageId="8" pageNumber="184" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lycurgus">
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA9FF80FC57FAB3C065FABE" box="[1010,1138,1375,1401]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="184">C. lycurgus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is not yet extinct as it was feared, as little is known about its biology, its host plant and its conservation status. Its particular habitats in the Sierra
<collectingRegion id="5F7EDCB9FFA9FF80FF45FA4BC521FA06" box="[224,310,1447,1473]" country="United States of America" name="Nevada" pageId="8" pageNumber="184">Nevada</collectingRegion>
de Santa Marta might be affected by human intervention mainly by agriculture and localised fires and potentially by changes in climate; therefore, a dedicated monitoring programme for the populations of
<taxonomicName id="5ABA69D8FFA9FF80FA8CFA27C4E1F9CE" baseAuthorityName="Godman &amp; Salvin" baseAuthorityYear="1880" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Catasticta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="184" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lycurgus">
<emphasis id="AFCECE49FFA9FF80FA8CFA27C4E1F9CE" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="184">Catasticta lycurgus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is urgently needed to protect this species and make use of it as an umbrella species also to protect other endemic and unknown fauna inhabitants of the Sierra
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de Santa Marta.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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Species firstly recorded from CE in
<bibRefCitation id="AED9B5D02D119643FADFB26AB7347EC6" author="De Almeida, M V O" journalOrPublisher="Revista Brasileira de Entomologia" pageId="0" pageNumber="8354" pagination="417 - 423" title="When rare is just a matter of sampling: unexpected dominance of clubtail dragonflies (Odonata, Gomphidae) through different collecting methods at Parque Nacional da Serra do Cipo, Minas Gerais State, Brazil" volume="57" year="2013">De Almeida et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
.
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.152.2070</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.152.2070</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-152-43</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152032549" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:CC97E9B5-717A-4CF1-A403-3DFA3F2CFED5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/1513EEBF372BBAAD495B8B9B2CB45928" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="55" pageId="10" pageNumber="53">
<subSubSection pageId="10" pageNumber="53" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="53">
<taxonomicName LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:CC97E9B5-717A-4CF1-A403-3DFA3F2CFED5" class="Insecta" family="Cantharidae" genus="Fissocantharis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Fissocantharis flava" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flava">Fissocantharis flava</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="10" pageNumber="53">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Figs 1029-31
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="10" pageNumber="53" type="type material">
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="53">Type material.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="53">
Holotype ♂, CHINA, Sichuan, Wanxian, Wangerbao, 1200m, 28.v.1994, leg. Wenzhu Li [transliterated from Chinese label] (IZAS). Paratypes: 1♀, same locality, 27.v.1994, leg. Xingke Yang (IZAS); 1♂, W. Guizhou prov., Leigongshan, Xijiang, 1200-1900m, 29.
<normalizedToken originalValue="v–">v-</normalizedToken>
2.vi.1997, lgt. Bolm (IZAS).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="54" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="54">
<pageBreakToken pageId="11" pageNumber="54" start="start">Distribution</pageBreakToken>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="54">China (Sichuan, Guizhou).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="54" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="54">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="54">
This new species is similar to
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cantharidae" genus="Fissocantharis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Fissocantharis bimaculata" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bimaculata">Fissocantharis bimaculata</taxonomicName>
sp. n., but differs in the following characters: pronotum slightly wider than long in male; elytra entirely yellow; aedeagus: conjoint dorsal plate of parameres with median emargination of apical margin slightly wide and inverse-trapeziform, protuberances between median and lateral emarginations truncated at apices.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="55" pageId="11" pageNumber="54" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="54">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="54">Male (Fig. 10). Body yellow, apices of mandibles dark brown, antennae black, antennomeres I yellow, slightly darkened at apices, femora black at apices, tibiae black along upper sides, tarsi black, metasternum and abdomen black, posterior and lateral margins of each abdominal ventrite and the whole last 2 ventrites yellow.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="54">Head subquadrate, evenly narrowed behind eyes, dorsum densely and finely punctate, eyes moderately protruding, breadth across eyes slightly wider than anterior margin of pronotum, terminal maxillary palpomeres long-triangular, widest near apices, antennae filiform and simple, extending to apical one-fourth of elytra, antennomeres II slightly widened apically, about twice as long as wide at apices, III about twice as long as II, V longest, XI slightly longer than X.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="54">Pronotum subquadrate, slightly wider than long, widest at base, anterior margin arcuate, lateral margins diverging posteriorly, posterior margin almost straight, anterior angles rounded, posterior angles nearly vertical, disc densely and finely punctate as that on head, distinctly convex on posterolateral parts.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="54">Elytra about 5 times longer than pronotum, 2.5 times longer than humeral width, lateral margins distinctly diverging posteriorly, disc slightly sparsely and largely punctate than that on pronotum.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="55">
<pageBreakToken pageId="12" pageNumber="55" start="start">Legs</pageBreakToken>
: all tarsal claws bifid, with lower claws slightly shorter than upper ones.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="55">Aedeagus (Figs 29-31): conjoint dorsal plate of parameres with median emargination of apical margin slightly wide and inverse-trapeziform, distinctly deeper than lateral ones, protuberances between median and lateral emarginations wide and truncated at apices, almost as long as ventral process of each paramere in dorsal view; ventral process of each paramere wide, slightly turned outwards at apex in lateral view; median lobe without any sclerotized projection in dorsum.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="55">Female. Body larger, eyes less protruding than that of males, pronotum distinctly wider than long, disc slightly convex, tarsal claws with lower claws distinctly shorter than upper ones.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="55">Body length: 10.0-14.0 mm; width: 2.0-3.5 mm.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="12" pageNumber="55" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="55">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="55">This new specific name is derived from Latin flavus (yellow), referring to its yellow elytra.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="12" pageNumber="55" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="55">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="55">
The female paratype with right antenna, left antennomeres
<normalizedToken originalValue="III–XI">III-XI</normalizedToken>
, left metatarsomere V and right metatarsomeres
<normalizedToken originalValue="III–V">III-V</normalizedToken>
are missing.
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="12" pageNumber="55">
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="55">
Figures 23-31. Aedeagi 23-25
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cantharidae" genus="Fissocantharis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Fissocantharis maculiceps" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculiceps">Fissocantharis maculiceps</taxonomicName>
sp. n. 26-28
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cantharidae" genus="Fissocantharis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Fissocantharis bimaculata" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bimaculata">Fissocantharis bimaculata</taxonomicName>
sp. n. 29-31
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cantharidae" genus="Fissocantharis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Fissocantharis flava" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flava">Fissocantharis flava</taxonomicName>
sp. n. 23, 26, 29 dorsal view 24, 27, 30 ventral view 25, 28, 31 lateral view. Scale bars: 1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

118
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<mods:title>Diversity and biogeography of land snails (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in the limestone hills of Perak, Peninsular Malaysia</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart>Foon, Junn Kitt</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Institute for Tropical Biology and Conservation, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia &amp; Rimba, 22 - 3 A, Casa Kiara 2, Jalan Kiara 5, 50480 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
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<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Clements, Gopalasamy Reuben</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Rimba, 22 - 3 A, Casa Kiara 2, Jalan Kiara 5, 50480 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia &amp; Department of Biological Sciences, Sunway University, No. 5 Jalan Universiti, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Liew, Thor-Seng</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Institute for Tropical Biology and Conservation, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia &amp; Rimba, 22 - 3 A, Casa Kiara 2, Jalan Kiara 5, 50480 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">thorsengliew@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:date>2017</mods:date>
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<mods:number>2017-07-04</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.682.12999</mods:identifier>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<taxonomicName LSID="1513FA0D-AF5A-5E7B-BE65-28932533DABA" authority="' pondok 1 '" authorityName="‘ pondok 1 ’" class="Gastropoda" family="Ariophantidae" genus="Microcystina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Microcystina" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Microcystina 'pondok 1'</taxonomicName>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="F20" captionText="Figure 20. A Microcystina ' pondok 1 ' BOR / MOL 11597. Perak, Ipoh, Gunung Pondok, plot 1 B Microcystina sinica von Moellendorff, 1885 BOR / MOL 9192. Perak, Ipoh, Gunung Kanthan Plot 4 C Microcystina ' tempurung 2 ' BOR / MOL 11450. Perak, Ipoh, Gunung Tempurung Plot 2 D Microcystina ' tempurung 3 ' BOR / MOL 11451. Perak, Ipoh, Gunung Tempurung Plot 2 E Microcystina townsendiana Godwin-Austen &amp; Nevill, 1879 BOR / MOL 9187. Perak, Ipoh, Gunung Kanthan." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.682.12999.figure20" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/143358" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Figure 20A</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Materials examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<materialsCitation accessionNumber="MOL 11597" collectingDate="2017-01-01" collectingDateMax="2017-12-31" collectingDateMin="2017-01-01" collectorName="Prk, G. Pondok" specimenCount="1">
<collectorName>Prk</collectorName>
55
<collectorName>G. Pondok</collectorName>
: BOR/
<accessionNumber httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/MOL11597">MOL 11597</accessionNumber>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Known from Gunung Pondok only.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Dome shaped spire, netted sculpture.</paragraph>
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="993535" doi="10.3897/zookeys.682.12999.figure20" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/143358" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" start="Figure 20" startId="F20">
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Figure 20.</emphasis>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">A</emphasis>
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Ariophantidae" genus="Microcystina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Microcystina" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Microcystina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
'pondok 1' BOR/MOL 11597. Perak, Ipoh, Gunung Pondok, plot 1
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">B</emphasis>
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="von Moellendorff" baseAuthorityYear="1885" class="Gastropoda" family="Ariophantidae" genus="Microcystina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Microcystina sinica" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="sinica">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Microcystina sinica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
von
<normalizedToken originalValue="Möllendorff">Moellendorff</normalizedToken>
, 1885 BOR/MOL 9192. Perak, Ipoh, Gunung Kanthan Plot 4
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">C</emphasis>
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Ariophantidae" genus="Microcystina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Microcystina" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Microcystina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
'tempurung 2' BOR/MOL 11450. Perak, Ipoh, Gunung Tempurung Plot 2
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">D</emphasis>
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Ariophantidae" genus="Microcystina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Microcystina" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Microcystina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
'tempurung 3' BOR/MOL 11451. Perak, Ipoh, Gunung Tempurung Plot 2
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">E</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Godwin-Austen &amp; Nevill" authorityYear="1879" class="Gastropoda" family="Ariophantidae" genus="Microcystina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Microcystina townsendiana" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="townsendiana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Microcystina townsendiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Godwin-Austen &amp; Nevill, 1879 BOR/MOL 9187. Perak, Ipoh, Gunung Kanthan.
</paragraph>
</caption>
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