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<document ID-CLB-Dataset="292488" ID-GBIF-Dataset="8b94629f-6867-40a9-b8cc-0097ecaed34b" checkinTime="1706626278867" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Info Flora" docDate="2021" docId="15000EEC62D90B01F9AC203AE0C65596" docLanguage="de" docName="InfoFlora.Apiaceae.xml" docOrigin="https://www.infoflora.ch/de/flora/apiaceae.html (accessed 2023-10-20)" docSource="https://www.infoflora.ch/de/flora/apiaceae.html" docTitle="Seseli montanum L." docType="treatment" docVersion="9" id="39D6D5E3482122F761C412CB80964BBA" masterDocId="5CB348DCCDAC1EC114BAB01628759A62" masterDocTitle="Info Flora Schweiz - Apiaceae" updateTime="1712196386905" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="0341984F171EF5054133DFDE2B48E122" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="81BED3F678F1CB8452C461C51415C600">
<mods:title id="DAA20D901537D91A8DA1762762235392">Info Flora Schweiz - Apiaceae</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="6FAAA039B44F043E0F87E994967B46AC" type="personal">
<mods:role id="F09AF0807DDFDD73654A3FB25F6FA94F">
<mods:roleTerm id="346127EF16E258211FCF5D70BEC04505">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="30C7F509456A716ECD3283C95EBDE02D">Info Flora</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="2251F80BA37AB59089865473AA4B7CE5">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:originInfo id="B35598C7096E6258ABB7B1FA0F04425B">
<mods:dateIssued id="16835E5C1FBF3BFC4C6F2D2FCBC933C1">2021</mods:dateIssued>
<mods:dateCaptured id="965685B8F7370768861F59ECD1845A33">2023-10-20</mods:dateCaptured>
<mods:publisher id="102080169DD2038A5678D58586ED9141">Info Flora Schweiz</mods:publisher>
<mods:place id="2EBD36E865E1A965FAF90179B398B7ED">
<mods:placeTerm id="FE126EE6FC2D70ED7B68753A719AA24E">Geneve</mods:placeTerm>
</mods:place>
</mods:originInfo>
<mods:location id="9DE46827793256E8D650F20AC882CA36">
<mods:url id="6FB4E58850AE665CECDE345D7F8B6776">https://www.infoflora.ch/de/flora/apiaceae.html</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification id="18A519BF621C9648DCB75636C8284AAD">url</mods:classification>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="15000EEC62D90B01F9AC203AE0C65596" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10915172" ID-GBIF-Taxon="224773845" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10915172" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:15000EEC62D90B01F9AC203AE0C65596" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/15000EEC62D90B01F9AC203AE0C65596">
<subSubSection id="81264A7E103F1B6EF78D3072A29D4E97" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="DBA3AC2C3F835AD162469BC560C3D12C">
<taxonomicName id="E43B37E7A006CE046F8DC89CDBC60884" ID-CoL="4WZDR" authority="L." authorityName="L." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apiaceae" genus="Seseli" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="montanum">
<emphasis id="164FA9030CEBE2EC2ECAF26B0D854F46" italics="true">Seseli montanum</emphasis>
L.
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="AA036227025BE74D8C86D688CE367C15" type="vernacular_names">
<paragraph id="D76945D78D90850634803968D5A9E9F5">
<vernacularName id="2CE47600791773FEC4A79D2F306BD885">Echter Bergfenchel</vernacularName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="FE43B7F86524835EFB93F5BAD29E855B" type="multiple">
<paragraph id="6E36A1C3F1E2F5058D56C1868CB78CE6">
Art ISFS: 391800 Checklist: 1043670
<taxonomicName id="5811C4B52012E72F11A7B230487DB69F" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Apiaceae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="6C1EC09E926F31CA0ECAFA611EE74D7E" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apiaceae" genus="Seseli" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Seseli</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="24DB8A2868A6ADFC7CBB6A6589C58AED" authority="L." authorityName="L." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apiaceae" genus="Seseli" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="montanum">Seseli montanum L.</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D7E6361E02D657C03C71BFC9AE4F67B5">
<heading id="097F4AAD1AE11AACE750EFB17FFA5B97">Zusammenfassung</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="55DBEEE8471664490B15BECB453D319A" type="description">
<paragraph id="B7AD501727E5C77B5ED1AD10DA241C3C">
Artbeschreibung
<emphasis id="AFAB3BA138B515F7BDC816B5E6CEA1FC" italics="true">
(nach
<bibRefCitation id="D4EA3B917A0C55BEBD3E6EFA223ED00F" ID-ISBN="978-3-258-08047-5" author="Lauber, K. &amp; Wagner, G. &amp; Gygax, A." location="Bern" publisher="Haupt Verlag" refString="Lauber, K., Wagner, G., Gygax, A. 2018. Flora Helvetica. Haupt Verlag, Bern. ISBN: 978-3-258-08047-5." title="Flora Helvetica" year="2018">Lauber &amp; al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
:
<quantity id="A2527B0BF18EE215828FA4C7A4255E13" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="2.0" unit="cm" value="40.0" valueMax="60.0" valueMin="20.0">20-60 cm</quantity>
hoch,
<emphasis id="E99B57364AA4D87D171C14313A781329" bold="true">
<normalizedToken id="307CC85DB8B7AB90D7DBE361B209C9C1" originalValue="blaugrün">blaugruen</normalizedToken>
</emphasis>
, kahl.
<normalizedToken id="610BBE629A4F56DFC6AD4C81036EE4F7" originalValue="Blätter">Blaetter</normalizedToken>
2-3fach gefiedert,
<emphasis id="A27522C24295382573B821975FEAE765" bold="true">mit linealen</emphasis>
,
<normalizedToken id="E38271ADBCFE036AED65CA782C3520B2" originalValue="höchstens">hoechstens</normalizedToken>
<quantity id="9C9EC3175510A0F5A5CD1844113F1447" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
breiten und meist weniger als
<quantity id="9351ABA22A9F051C84A98D0B6D5650F8" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="cm" value="1.0">1 cm</quantity>
langen,
<emphasis id="F55D94DA20E83B5E6D19218E9A53EE8D" bold="true">zusammenneigenden Zipfeln. Dolden 5-12(-20)strahlig</emphasis>
. Strahlen kurz, oberseits bewimpert.
<normalizedToken id="F5F00B260562EF4D56CE2639AFA7CB6B" originalValue="Hülle">Huelle</normalizedToken>
0-3
<normalizedToken id="339C074DE135B730BA7497DAA173F1D1" originalValue="blättrig">blaettrig</normalizedToken>
.
<normalizedToken id="9213689606A94571795E2397E00B416F" originalValue="Hüllchenblätter">Huellchenblaetter</normalizedToken>
zahlreich, mit Hautrand,
<normalizedToken id="DEC2ABC792036F3398D8213BE57E9741" originalValue="kürzer">kuerzer</normalizedToken>
als die Fruchtstiele.
<normalizedToken id="8BD26A95C398A7A821A1FDD8711532F6" originalValue="Blüten">Blueten</normalizedToken>
klein, weiss. Frucht
<normalizedToken id="09375645CF192903346AEC4F8AD80657" originalValue="eiförmig">eifoermig</normalizedToken>
, ca. 3,5 mm lang,
<normalizedToken id="C7C32F947A518521EC693447CB8EF064" originalValue="graugrün">graugruen</normalizedToken>
, kahl,
<emphasis id="BE69B5242BE2C13DF94A2395CFC7A329" bold="true">
mit sich
<normalizedToken id="5E29A105D8C47154F22279312EE31882" originalValue="berührenden">beruehrenden</normalizedToken>
Hauptrippen
</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3D5595159575810443231C2EC92C0743" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="671C454D6E377910402A144BC26FBF88">
<normalizedToken id="289746428FC919D55684052108A8321D" originalValue="Blütezeit">Bluetezeit</normalizedToken>
<emphasis id="68BAA560B86414589064E003D8B4AC3D" italics="true">
(nach
<bibRefCitation id="14F7D7AB5F0584B59CF91C044D1DFE25" ID-ISBN="978-3-258-08047-5" author="Lauber, K. &amp; Wagner, G. &amp; Gygax, A." location="Bern" publisher="Haupt Verlag" refString="Lauber, K., Wagner, G., Gygax, A. 2018. Flora Helvetica. Haupt Verlag, Bern. ISBN: 978-3-258-08047-5." title="Flora Helvetica" year="2018">Lauber &amp; al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
: 7-10
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F05A9B17FD3B921E581A86CCA56C582A">
Standort und Verbreitung in der Schweiz
<emphasis id="1F831DB26DFE41AE5CEDAC219E9A275A" italics="true">
(nach
<bibRefCitation id="1FC21D3962551AC48718E559E78A9FD9" ID-ISBN="978-3-258-08047-5" author="Lauber, K. &amp; Wagner, G. &amp; Gygax, A." location="Bern" publisher="Haupt Verlag" refString="Lauber, K., Wagner, G., Gygax, A. 2018. Flora Helvetica. Haupt Verlag, Bern. ISBN: 978-3-258-08047-5." title="Flora Helvetica" year="2018">Lauber &amp; al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
: Trockenwiesen,
<normalizedToken id="7427B8DC82CCB4A166465D0F76A87077" originalValue="Kalkhügel">Kalkhuegel</normalizedToken>
/ kollin-montan / JU
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="37665E36F2F9A6819017B6D248155036" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="EDCA91CC92919C6F6CD295B9D5FAB3BF">
Verbreitung global
<emphasis id="66A5529785D5848A9361EFF66EECFDFA" italics="true">
(nach
<bibRefCitation id="38EF7F684557E172096EF8E46880EC4D" ID-ISBN="978-3-258-08047-5" author="Lauber, K. &amp; Wagner, G. &amp; Gygax, A." location="Bern" publisher="Haupt Verlag" refString="Lauber, K., Wagner, G., Gygax, A. 2018. Flora Helvetica. Haupt Verlag, Bern. ISBN: 978-3-258-08047-5." title="Flora Helvetica" year="2018">Lauber &amp; al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
:
<normalizedToken id="6B0CF425B350501DC4BC6E340E6ED42C" originalValue="Südwesteuropäisch">Suedwesteuropaeisch</normalizedToken>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="21DD0C3C7B1B384E9AF6401C18E68506" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="C7A2D6BE4D85705865A2DFBB670346B9">
<normalizedToken id="F747900862FB560F7FF7FA1EB46B7A15" originalValue="Ökologische">Oekologische</normalizedToken>
Zeigerwerte
<emphasis id="9D2CE3E40AE27FE3ECAE097B038FD61C" italics="true">
(nach
<bibRefCitation id="2A78128BF582B2A66224F1B480261A01" author="Landolt, E. &amp; Bäumler, B. &amp; Erhardt, A. &amp; Hegg, O. &amp; Klötzli, F. &amp; Lämmler, W. &amp; Nobis, M. &amp; Rudmann-Maurer, K. &amp; Theurillat, J.P. &amp; Urmi, E. &amp; Vust, M. &amp; Wohlgemuth, T." publicationUrl="https://www.dora.lib4ri.ch/wsl/islandora/object/wsl%3A9966" refString="Landolt, E., Bäumler, B., Erhardt, A., Hegg, O., Klötzli, F., Lämmler, W., Nobis, M., Rudmann-Maurer, K., Theurillat, J.P., Urmi, E., Vust, M., Wohlgemuth, T. 2010. Flora indicativa. Ökologische Zeigerwerte und biologische Kennzeichen zur Flora der Schweiz und der Alpen (2nd ed.). https://www.dora.lib4ri.ch/wsl/islandora/object/wsl%3A9966" title="Flora indicativa. Ökologische Zeigerwerte und biologische Kennzeichen zur Flora der Schweiz und der Alpen" year="2010">Landolt &amp; al. 2010</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
242-44 + 4.h.2n=22
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6C8551FB546939743357D018AFC1511C" type="multiple">
<paragraph id="9608AC78E31F16B18C954203E0A87350">Status</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4BEC2C3E6896C624C2EFA8D4E94C419D" type="conservation">
<paragraph id="140F5BA947B9719885C25D4E7508BBCD">
<heading id="585B006943EB8A9499E1576E4D00718A">Status IUCN</heading>
: Verletzlich
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4CDF7F7FB473B50366448B31464D3E4B" type="multiple">
<paragraph id="6BE88714001CCFF002351DF2C0CDB4CA">
Nationale
<normalizedToken id="E74372786083B29FA561A345EC439C13" originalValue="Priorität">Prioritaet</normalizedToken>
: 4 -
<normalizedToken id="621F5BC39AE0E5B8525AC37E5BA3654F" originalValue="Mässige">Maessige</normalizedToken>
nationale
<normalizedToken id="833EF5FA923D393954520948C8AD6ED7" originalValue="Priorität">Prioritaet</normalizedToken>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="736819A9556B996EB13316FD4C3A3E3A">
<heading id="285365529135EE2D01532FA8B9DE983F">Internationale Verantwortung</heading>
: 1 - Gering Erhalten/
<normalizedToken id="706F72251D8521063666D2D23FBC830E" originalValue="Fördern">Foerdern</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="104DE4E5B292A029BB762592E5B7CC08" originalValue="Gefährdungen">Gefaehrdungen</normalizedToken>
Kleine, isolierte Vorkommen Verlust des Lebensraums (Aufgabe)
<normalizedToken id="E68E11E9B148D538FFF3067C09569FFC" originalValue="Zerstörung">Zerstoerung</normalizedToken>
des Lebensraums (
<normalizedToken id="F78E029850771043F039F5677E0921BA" originalValue="Bautätigkeit">Bautaetigkeit</normalizedToken>
, Gesteinsabbau) Verbuschung, Sukzession
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="763F69DE6E8458A0160A6B278BAAB03F">
<heading id="5BE07C68BD9E6E651BE1D8AE9F59BAEC">
<normalizedToken id="E48BB0B5FEC308B23626483B2525978F" originalValue="Ökologie">Oekologie</normalizedToken>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="52C7223B8609060C8597867BAB09CB25">
Lebensform
<normalizedToken id="B088B23450F6D583DE74CCD5203D9BA6" originalValue="Mehrjähriger">Mehrjaehriger</normalizedToken>
Hemikryptophyt
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E06307DE8DE4D859804D213DBDE48E45">
<heading id="35D0412D91BDDD663272033AE88DAADC">Lebensraum Lebensraum</heading>
nach
<bibRefCitation id="F7C47C42DF812079E96589122412FA90" author="Delarze, R. &amp; Gonseth, Y. &amp; Eggenberger, S. &amp; Vust, M." location="Bad Hersfeld, Germany" publisher="Ott Verlag" refString="Delarze, R., Gonseth, Y., Eggenberger, S., Vust, M. 2015. Lebensräume der Schweiz: Oekologie – Gefährdung – Kennarten (3rd edition). Ott Verlag, Bad Hersfeld, Germany, 456 pp." title="Lebensräume der Schweiz: Oekologie – Gefährdung – Kennarten (3rd edition)" year="2015">Delarze &amp; al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A4FF61321363695E91D9C33C05D8BCD2">
<table id="8DD27AE0397FFF60DE161785EB6B3B42" class="table" inLine="true">
<tr id="5B3D7CF85668275FFAC948941DF5FA34">
<td id="67B08C5AAE10CBD6E0A209BBF52E40BB">
<tbody id="61C03E70A3C7BF6C903D522D7E939891">
4.2.2 -
<normalizedToken id="8DA64B4EE465C3DFE6431E212824F33D" originalValue="Mitteleuropäischer">Mitteleuropaeischer</normalizedToken>
Trockenrasen (
<emphasis id="1E5ADD91E9C9207FDDB9EF6AEFEE9743" italics="true">Xerobromion</emphasis>
)
</tbody>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B90025ACD411C6B06E52A87A41BD546">
<tableNote id="7E06FADDCC91224FB14A6054D15CCA6D">
<emphasis id="E7CC185BDBA9AC64C79FAFAC17CF2270" bold="true">fett</emphasis>
<emphasis id="22815A8F1B3B58DEA4BDADCBC0CCE10F" italics="true">
Dominante Art, welche das Aussehen des Lebensraumes
<normalizedToken id="79B43FD312C0B00F38F1AF409A31B7F3" originalValue="mitprägt">mitpraegt</normalizedToken>
</emphasis>
<emphasis id="5BDB15891AA836E9AF23DE9F4E1A5328" italics="true">Charakterart</emphasis>
<emphasis id="88929E9579BE61B961C74963A81553B2" italics="true">Weniger strikt an den Lebensraum gebundene Art</emphasis>
</tableNote>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F71614EF56EFDC205791EEA27B5064F3" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="DC256295C71664C5B043E6872742F6DF">
<normalizedToken id="2AC7ED72EC6A2C396230ECAE0ACDAC33" originalValue="Ökologische">Oekologische</normalizedToken>
Zeigerwerte nach
<bibRefCitation id="279C78F353B540016940F2D88FE97931" author="Landolt, E. &amp; Bäumler, B. &amp; Erhardt, A. &amp; Hegg, O. &amp; Klötzli, F. &amp; Lämmler, W. &amp; Nobis, M. &amp; Rudmann-Maurer, K. &amp; Theurillat, J.P. &amp; Urmi, E. &amp; Vust, M. &amp; Wohlgemuth, T." publicationUrl="https://www.dora.lib4ri.ch/wsl/islandora/object/wsl%3A9966" refString="Landolt, E., Bäumler, B., Erhardt, A., Hegg, O., Klötzli, F., Lämmler, W., Nobis, M., Rudmann-Maurer, K., Theurillat, J.P., Urmi, E., Vust, M., Wohlgemuth, T. 2010. Flora indicativa. Ökologische Zeigerwerte und biologische Kennzeichen zur Flora der Schweiz und der Alpen (2nd ed.). https://www.dora.lib4ri.ch/wsl/islandora/object/wsl%3A9966" title="Flora indicativa. Ökologische Zeigerwerte und biologische Kennzeichen zur Flora der Schweiz und der Alpen" year="2010">Landolt &amp; al. (2010)</bibRefCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2AB66F5E79710BD21082E49DDC46C495">
<table id="781F5C3BA76F64584FA870079D7B99B6" class="table" inLine="true">
<tbody id="2B89804929B1E02E4DF87A38D9B42026">
<tr id="8FD62ED72F867CD3FC84E29727EB1A2B">
<th id="DF6B13858C29AEC061C25A17352520E0" colspan="2">
<emphasis id="567A96B6F05C04F2A0CF5F970649B1F5" bold="true">Bodenfaktoren</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="B4C0563F24D0798AFEEDE577F86CE842" colspan="2">
<emphasis id="C8630F22434A62542A17BFD11BCBE5A8" bold="true">Klimafaktoren</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="5FD96451EAD9B555CBB9BE0327B88A04" colspan="2">
<emphasis id="0D21A5D4F192FEB802D73D6DF036101F" bold="true">Salztoleranz</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="78A71ACE249CF6B6B9401692F8128EE0">
<td id="9E9458343D831F4EE79A010774AA2A34">Feuchtezahl F</td>
<td id="3579DD3C522632EFC456EDD6DAB9F469" style="text-align:left;width:100px">
<normalizedToken id="A98685CFAAB0766189E4633FD5D21DF9" originalValue="mässig">maessig</normalizedToken>
trocken
</td>
<td id="8BBD62851769319CF8B498065E6616F6">Lichtzahl L</td>
<td id="10D52D00965BAC4EF9DAE7B37C7CB29A" style="text-align:left;width:60px">hell</td>
<td id="3FC2DE9B57140C3CCF633C71277532AB">Salzzeichen</td>
<td id="BC0FE6D1F0FC5CD40FB136759D8E5DC1" style="text-align:left;width:60px">--</td>
</tr>
<tr id="AC7F1DD0EF0DD885416E2C127FED6889">
<td id="1AA3D70CA9E945BA4DE398F1FA69879D">Reaktionszahl R</td>
<td id="4C6066E2C78CDA9527D5360A40717499" style="text-align:left">neutral bis basisch (pH 5.5-8.5)</td>
<td id="048B05839E2AA3C0F522BF4BB2A40E6E">Temperaturzahl T</td>
<td id="4C1538C025E3DBEFC1C85F1D1311822A" style="text-align:left">warm-kollin</td>
</tr>
<tr id="617CD5851B6DFAEF4315D32B483316B3">
<td id="B06538F673DD84557A21A1175106CB26">
<normalizedToken id="3FA19093481CC73414D51D0336F274E3" originalValue="Nährstoffzahl">Naehrstoffzahl</normalizedToken>
N
</td>
<td id="D806E7DBECCCD16A45259727FC48EF71" style="text-align:left">
<normalizedToken id="42D0393F019AD2586632C0C3C0923DBD" originalValue="nährstoffarm">naehrstoffarm</normalizedToken>
</td>
<td id="627AEF6DE13A0A352F893C37960C316A">
<normalizedToken id="95481B4201A32C3F66B55709CDE54A2E" originalValue="Kontinentalitätszahl">Kontinentalitaetszahl</normalizedToken>
K
</td>
<td id="C4EB21E18233CB6FF7BE202AD32E0474" style="text-align:left">subkontinental (niedrige relative Luftfeuchtigkeit, grosse Temperaturschwankungen, eher kalte Winter)</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C2F6CDC75BD0028A1D7067BC069BBBC4" type="multiple">
<paragraph id="16137CE3654209A6CA75B91D6F729A9B">
<normalizedToken id="28349CEBA442D481D48A0B218053CEC0" originalValue="Abhängigkeit">Abhaengigkeit</normalizedToken>
vom Wasser
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DA1FC696320A263C7B78B58DA0B05E46">
<table id="DD1A8F6B5066C05BC5903662A61F86B0" class="table table-condensed" inLine="true">
<tbody id="D79E993A2A80742BD3BC747CEAE68504">
<tr id="46477D8E22F0E6CFBF8E788C396102A8">
<td id="3E70F2907ED2C9AECDB8088656272869">
<normalizedToken id="B434EE3EB3E52202BFE92CF98D108605" originalValue="Flüsse">Fluesse</normalizedToken>
</td>
<td id="A9B89BEB9DEBFBB1D9006AEC47769201">0 - unbedeutend, keine Bindung.</td>
</tr>
<tr id="BA08AF5965DA8CC5B6FD68395C6382CB">
<td id="C5D6FFFDF39B601B7E2DC38B7D7EA752">Ruhiges Wasser</td>
<td id="24F55E2D594D9729F17F2463DDDF3298">0 - unbedeutend, keine Bindung.</td>
</tr>
<tr id="A35F434DC569B3ECFBF8EAD6F232A2FA">
<td id="BD1155352F26A564DFA771E8F3C38B21">Grundwasser</td>
<td id="0020B46E1F02022BB6AA8AB6A25287DA">0 - unbedeutend, keine Bindung.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="38BCB3FFAB59760D3315B1CC9AE19B4F">
<heading id="0F1FE8DEFF5268AE92C683627BCDFB5A">Nomenklatur</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0B83764D88B1CCAA8C841E5AF8D99DEB">
<heading id="88A71BA3373AD7B293F67932F41473BE">
<normalizedToken id="F989CF640EBB1D95323B2751AAB14ED9" originalValue="Gültiger">Gueltiger</normalizedToken>
Name (
<bibRefCitation id="FE62141361FEECB347E4C044BBF5B979" author="Juillerat, P. &amp; Bäumler, B. &amp; Bornand, C. &amp; Gygax, A. &amp; Jutzi, M. &amp; Möhl, A. &amp; Nyffeler, R. &amp; Sager, L. &amp; Santiago, H. &amp; Eggenberg, S." publicationUrl="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10680266" publisher="Info Flora" refString="Juillerat, P., Bäumler, B., Bornand, C., Gygax, A., Jutzi, M., Möhl, A., Nyffeler, R., Sager, L., Santiago, H., and Eggenberg, S. (2017). Checklist 2017 der Gefässpflanzenflora der Schweiz / de la flore vasculaire de la Suisse / della flora vascolare della Svizzera. Info Flora. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10680266" title="Checklist 2017 der Gefässpflanzenflora der Schweiz / de la flore vasculaire de la Suisse / della flora vascolare della Svizzera" year="2017">Checklist 2017</bibRefCitation>
)
</heading>
:
<taxonomicName id="0B4CA291AAF229455947B05B0740E78D" authority="L." authorityName="L." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apiaceae" genus="Seseli" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="montanum">
<emphasis id="98763E973AD738308844667734D94FF1" italics="true">Seseli montanum</emphasis>
L.
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="17028F52E7092D8C4F9A9BA7A12D6B15" type="vernacular_names">
<paragraph id="26EA11FE8D672C70436531AEB590AA65">
Volksname Deutscher Name:
<vernacularName id="2B2CD1143A0A88D1B367C31DB16B68F7" language="deu">Echter Bergfenchel</vernacularName>
,
<vernacularName id="636E4C64CC2FE8BE8FE00F783AACB9BB" language="deu">Berg-Sesel</vernacularName>
Nom
<normalizedToken id="D0B76BF4C3CB8074BAB9E7A06B1E62CE" originalValue="français">francais</normalizedToken>
:
<vernacularName id="4BF3236B4ACC4D28A4F792E75BC80D60" language="fra">
<taxonomicName id="99319B1A2B53139F8073887D71B966ED" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apiaceae" genus="Seseli" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<normalizedToken id="EECA8AE28A54B0E97E2F6413F9D60DC9" originalValue="Séséli">Seseli</normalizedToken>
</taxonomicName>
des montagnes
</vernacularName>
Nome italiano:
<vernacularName id="5BECF28BEC74FCE089DC2FF6F3A3A827" language="ita">Finocchiella abrotanina</vernacularName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B62C824F411B1743B35E79F04510722C" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="3A22D5AA6DFD7985FF682BB4F3BEE4B4">
<normalizedToken id="D73819AD1B9E90ADA877CAA66A56D3CD" originalValue="Übereinstimmung">Uebereinstimmung</normalizedToken>
mit anderen Referenzwerken
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="331AD7715194F3DCF1C9963C42D38926">
<table id="CD84625EC78985598E1DF75888E9EBDD" class="table table-condensed" inLine="true">
<tbody id="5155D961AE36ED3A4447D649E9DFBC75">
<tr id="0C25C15419ECE606EBFCB85DD18B48EB">
<th id="B9BEFE1E2656C4E11554F9270646C218" width="80px">Relation</th>
<th id="4D445766618D802EADE00EF2F00688F0">Nom</th>
<th id="25DDC4C60AA838B0BE698CFA58EE5F3C">Referenzwerke</th>
<th id="293174E53662F287EC98815E201364E8" width="90px">No</th>
</tr>
<tr id="920EE1F5FA85BCB1C42CDFFA09343006">
<td id="28BDAB88B2FD06704FCEC9A75CD019EE" class="taxon-relation">=</td>
<td id="70A26078662C35FD044685F5E8AE0471">
<taxonomicName id="B3A72C0AFD8A69300AB762ED65964830" authority="L." authorityName="L." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apiaceae" genus="Seseli" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="montanum">Seseli montanum L.</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="908A4D5596243BAC7864916B380A63A0">
<treatmentCitation id="A472F4E2CADA913C277EB45E0434BE7A">
<bibRefCitation id="1C1932D4EF61DFF07570523CE61E5F47" author="Juillerat, P. &amp; Bäumler, B. &amp; Bornand, C. &amp; Gygax, A. &amp; Jutzi, M. &amp; Möhl, A. &amp; Nyffeler, R. &amp; Sager, L. &amp; Santiago, H. &amp; Eggenberg, S." publicationUrl="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10680266" publisher="Info Flora" refString="Juillerat, P., Bäumler, B., Bornand, C., Gygax, A., Jutzi, M., Möhl, A., Nyffeler, R., Sager, L., Santiago, H., and Eggenberg, S. (2017). Checklist 2017 der Gefässpflanzenflora der Schweiz / de la flore vasculaire de la Suisse / della flora vascolare della Svizzera. Info Flora. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10680266" title="Checklist 2017 der Gefässpflanzenflora der Schweiz / de la flore vasculaire de la Suisse / della flora vascolare della Svizzera" year="2017">Checklist 2017</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
</td>
<td id="E6D104B898401DFD63BB3CBC7021B848">391800</td>
</tr>
<tr id="C33FF5EFEA72E24112D89099EE4CD489">
<td id="BB6A1A97110260F30094CC9BF0C596CF" class="taxon-relation">=</td>
<td id="0EA2DF6C74208A87E3F199C35616B989">
<taxonomicName id="2B5E39811CEE879AD5CAD063523B7531" authority="L." authorityName="L." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apiaceae" genus="Seseli" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="montanum">Seseli montanum L.</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="B0295B0E2AD5FC48653863A155E69D14">
<treatmentCitation id="52638FF7B49F5C47C2E9F7214B441D85">
<bibRefCitation id="64AC33CBCB931FDDE11E8F85B3AAF0D9">Flora Helvetica 2001</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
</td>
<td id="C6F22101A19BA79E08BF52BE570182DD">1460</td>
</tr>
<tr id="7605EDA94F56B3A41EF0C1E4787166EB">
<td id="429643BE77D1CB1180E33084494EBF7B" class="taxon-relation">=</td>
<td id="C90AEF1919929BE0B469802EA6FE8EB8">
<taxonomicName id="676A502F81A9E3535FA4195295470E9D" authority="L." authorityName="L." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apiaceae" genus="Seseli" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="montanum">Seseli montanum L.</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="F661C3A1E863E5DD05C58EB155D77D45">
<treatmentCitation id="6B88CC3AD91E36A1055DE70E8FB2E541">
<bibRefCitation id="77C85463BF00FB492FF84ED8516BD486">Flora Helvetica 2012</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
</td>
<td id="4812B40DFFB48C1F0C2E1B8765B7BA8F">1849</td>
</tr>
<tr id="59A3DC808992D2FDD40CF8EE7882C9C3">
<td id="CAFDF1942F713AEF22081B5C0B996483" class="taxon-relation">=</td>
<td id="3182FB7B854974010DE2DA62AB41CF16">
<taxonomicName id="595C6F78CB67103878EA476C947683F1" authority="L." authorityName="L." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apiaceae" genus="Seseli" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="montanum">Seseli montanum L.</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="95C667802C9F60DA9CCAE7C973CBC095">
<treatmentCitation id="9294E78AD11100B37294C6052B72F6CD" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3B49360ECDA20FFACB5EA244266ACEB4">
<bibRefCitation id="543DD3613A00C27C7CA21D756AF0EEAC">Flora Helvetica 2018</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
</td>
<td id="8E945BD354EA53935677E69EAE06AD78">1849</td>
</tr>
<tr id="8388182C9C2E80B45271835A3E299146">
<td id="AB117558189B69CCF68EB4F8A2ABA9E5" class="taxon-relation">=</td>
<td id="86B8ECDB074C31E89998F38F819EA192">
<taxonomicName id="241315B5CC9B5E128412938FA6714DEA" authority="L." authorityName="L." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apiaceae" genus="Seseli" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="montanum">Seseli montanum L.</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="B78055B942AB2D7DD0A2756CB7A39F09">
<treatmentCitation id="ED4EE15A67888093F3DC3B71DD6B90FF">
<bibRefCitation id="15B51ACE1DC14E7B881FD917ABC7F6B8">Index synonymique 1996</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
</td>
<td id="8300CB3E20FA74AF4A343029EEB7592A">391800</td>
</tr>
<tr id="159281FADD1726BFB95414920C1A0286">
<td id="3946C02EED02AF40AC82944943A6564D" class="taxon-relation">=</td>
<td id="F29C2913191F0CD2F4119627E3F5002E">
<taxonomicName id="E1F929785ABE03D05FA2A304A7088DC0" authority="L." authorityName="L." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apiaceae" genus="Seseli" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="montanum">Seseli montanum L.</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="C98C9D3BFB33B7169D7B14AFD172138C">
<treatmentCitation id="C1D9B0B2D3127671DA1F09DF33118AEE">
<bibRefCitation id="CAF8793B1C867C43B414BD34E3B46664">Landolt 1977</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
</td>
<td id="30426B67E941F80AC6641637FFD401EB">2178</td>
</tr>
<tr id="2449100FE56123DA311DA30DCC5452B3">
<td id="C248BC63BF8C1C7CA7B06C9A32056253" class="taxon-relation">=</td>
<td id="08A5D4CAA606977ECF592121B389EF45">
<taxonomicName id="AB4522CA5E8E8ACC907104C1CB76EC69" authority="L." authorityName="L." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apiaceae" genus="Seseli" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="montanum">Seseli montanum L.</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="0CF95E1584B4A74787A05E7A35BD632E">
<treatmentCitation id="307C365AC909EA5DC0BA9002CA628914">
<bibRefCitation id="8C2A1B0159ECE80A3D05B03E6AF8A8F8">Landolt 1991</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
</td>
<td id="61E83CD5A0F75B5B68B00DF57EE709F5">1774</td>
</tr>
<tr id="DD2296A8C187D6CB35A2858F04602658">
<td id="BF41E6ACBC98D78C5BE5FAD343DCC7BC" class="taxon-relation">=</td>
<td id="840D54B79340436E5546DD34C53FF4C3">
<taxonomicName id="DC39746A24507A0AABE5EEA6B6A3B9D8" authority="L." authorityName="L." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apiaceae" genus="Seseli" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="montanum">Seseli montanum L.</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="642D1AB383B8B9430DB2CCCA79BDE463">
<treatmentCitation id="32F060493C05B0590A13DA314D46FA00">
<bibRefCitation id="D10B437F4B22E87EB497D0E2C68D8A88">SISF/ISFS 2</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
</td>
<td id="8267F8BF5175B4BC0FACD8F7BB4008BB">391800</td>
</tr>
<tr id="ECBDD15861A9E9A3206BD0640990509F">
<td id="4C1727642A39B692E72D32B7A61B90BD" class="taxon-relation">=</td>
<td id="46110EE2884E2421C9B5921EEDDDCF6C">
<taxonomicName id="9B65350FEC11417502363ABDCD5D4C3D" authority="L." authorityName="L." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apiaceae" genus="Seseli" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="montanum">Seseli montanum L.</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="612249226B19CD0D5AEA1FEDEF9A0648">
<treatmentCitation id="4A343339D66A5FC8EEF049534758E79D">
<bibRefCitation id="0736C65DD730CA09BBD043478C68E735">Welten &amp; Sutter 1982</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
</td>
<td id="B958724B027115E69D0FBA73E22E2221">1145</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2527AC4949CDDCFAF2EDF2A57542D290">
<tableNote id="225691F97EE25F9FE935683C7BF750E9">
= Taxon stimmt mit akzeptiertem Taxon
<normalizedToken id="DDADEBCDA87A1B0DEC17AC22E0CD2736" originalValue="überein">ueberein</normalizedToken>
(
<bibRefCitation id="E90CDDD1EEB3EDFA147A0C66328A593B" author="Juillerat, P. &amp; Bäumler, B. &amp; Bornand, C. &amp; Gygax, A. &amp; Jutzi, M. &amp; Möhl, A. &amp; Nyffeler, R. &amp; Sager, L. &amp; Santiago, H. &amp; Eggenberg, S." publicationUrl="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10680266" publisher="Info Flora" refString="Juillerat, P., Bäumler, B., Bornand, C., Gygax, A., Jutzi, M., Möhl, A., Nyffeler, R., Sager, L., Santiago, H., and Eggenberg, S. (2017). Checklist 2017 der Gefässpflanzenflora der Schweiz / de la flore vasculaire de la Suisse / della flora vascolare della Svizzera. Info Flora. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10680266" title="Checklist 2017 der Gefässpflanzenflora der Schweiz / de la flore vasculaire de la Suisse / della flora vascolare della Svizzera" year="2017">Checklist 2017</bibRefCitation>
) &lt;Taxon ist im akzeptierten Taxon (
<bibRefCitation id="BCB75D29FB9E0E9D209E8E02A4BFA3D1" author="Juillerat, P. &amp; Bäumler, B. &amp; Bornand, C. &amp; Gygax, A. &amp; Jutzi, M. &amp; Möhl, A. &amp; Nyffeler, R. &amp; Sager, L. &amp; Santiago, H. &amp; Eggenberg, S." publicationUrl="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10680266" publisher="Info Flora" refString="Juillerat, P., Bäumler, B., Bornand, C., Gygax, A., Jutzi, M., Möhl, A., Nyffeler, R., Sager, L., Santiago, H., and Eggenberg, S. (2017). Checklist 2017 der Gefässpflanzenflora der Schweiz / de la flore vasculaire de la Suisse / della flora vascolare della Svizzera. Info Flora. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10680266" title="Checklist 2017 der Gefässpflanzenflora der Schweiz / de la flore vasculaire de la Suisse / della flora vascolare della Svizzera" year="2017">Checklist 2017</bibRefCitation>
) enthalten&gt; Taxon
<normalizedToken id="94336BE1F72DF25B6CCC5BDD4E4F6E19" originalValue="enthält">enthaelt</normalizedToken>
(neben anderen) auch das akzeptierte Taxon (
<bibRefCitation id="A05564063AEB4F9A5DB2E75F87726742" author="Juillerat, P. &amp; Bäumler, B. &amp; Bornand, C. &amp; Gygax, A. &amp; Jutzi, M. &amp; Möhl, A. &amp; Nyffeler, R. &amp; Sager, L. &amp; Santiago, H. &amp; Eggenberg, S." publicationUrl="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10680266" publisher="Info Flora" refString="Juillerat, P., Bäumler, B., Bornand, C., Gygax, A., Jutzi, M., Möhl, A., Nyffeler, R., Sager, L., Santiago, H., and Eggenberg, S. (2017). Checklist 2017 der Gefässpflanzenflora der Schweiz / de la flore vasculaire de la Suisse / della flora vascolare della Svizzera. Info Flora. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10680266" title="Checklist 2017 der Gefässpflanzenflora der Schweiz / de la flore vasculaire de la Suisse / della flora vascolare della Svizzera" year="2017">Checklist 2017</bibRefCitation>
)
</tableNote>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="9FE408A7B9E3652388ABA47CCA9F9F46" type="conservation">
<paragraph id="93A4244E143E3ABB395A03C682B297DA">
<heading id="6865C0C7B7324A0DFD553E5187B89A6F">Status Indigenat</heading>
: Indigen
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="49B537D0E2402F75F7FCEC826B459DC3">
<emphasis id="641CCD7D8220D33260D19377D91C1A4F" bold="true">
<heading id="3404FB1857DD9C4FB9A9FA7287C7D627">
Liste der
<normalizedToken id="38217F52B19B0D13ABEF504D1B54E3F3" originalValue="gefährdeten">gefaehrdeten</normalizedToken>
Pflanzen IUCN
</heading>
(nach
<bibRefCitation id="967B181764994F619D39BFF5DFDF26F8" author="Walter, K.S. &amp; Gillett, H.J." location="Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK" publicationUrl="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.44833" publisher="IUCN" refString="Walter, K.S. and Gillett, H.J. (editors). 1998. 1997 IUCN Red List of Threatened Plants. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.44833" title="IUCN Red List of Threatened Plants" year="1997">Walter &amp; Gillett 1997</bibRefCitation>
):
</emphasis>
Nein
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="379E4999661CE89303DB460793CE335E">
<heading id="1795BD42975B65B2442CF509D3D14F41">Status Rote Liste national 2016</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="10AC92B5169E522367AA58DF1D26AE31">
<heading id="30217411AE1634254F3D555FC499BE32">Status IUCN</heading>
: Verletzlich
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B93F5E0EC7369BB71A2EAF48B352825E">
<heading id="578ED3B59F8C89BE5BB169E1346684BC">
<normalizedToken id="A50EA4C25A5396926103470DA0B0DDF0" originalValue="Zusätzliche">Zusaetzliche</normalizedToken>
Informationen
</heading>
Kriterien IUCN: C2a(i)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="15B484FBF04B48373A7202AB407C2ECA">
<heading id="8D877201ED9CF9EC71EE55684CF82CEE">Status Rote Liste regional 2019</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="632C4C6763B58FEB59E26681957A9105">
<table id="54BC1821737CF361A7771709EF15CA46" class="table table-condensed" inLine="true">
<tbody id="01210F835A42FC159B847CAC3F02D832">
<tr id="CC64136DFA48FE3C55CCF513A2DE10DB">
<th id="B1AB0A616DD4AC650E547653F3C5671F">Biogeografische Regionen</th>
<th id="69CC6F97520E5E95D8E12412A3B8F995">Status</th>
<th id="79ACAA501D3C18E446F5BC49BEF6502A">Kriterien IUCN</th>
</tr>
<tr id="2FDEC4F30207DD40B4DC21DAAD16B39A">
<td id="5532C2C897DEED2E4E982649281F7757" class="regional_status">Jura (JU)</td>
<td id="58232251BEADA194E1C1B765C1E2E384">verletzlich (Vulnerable)</td>
<td id="075D118AFA75680461ACC0AA3A58A9FF">C2a(i)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="83C878A0D17646009B63639EDBC776C2">
<td id="EEC846EC8E04FC2EF750A5870BE73908" class="regional_status">Mittelland (MP)</td>
<td id="7DAC5D302331847D4E975425436037F8">--</td>
</tr>
<tr id="07760768D9E32FAFCA8AAE5CA73FE2C3">
<td id="D67037BADA0817CA7CAE50FE924D9185" class="regional_status">Alpennordflanke (NA)</td>
<td id="83459B4D99F4F655DE3F03107664194C">--</td>
</tr>
<tr id="E3883110BC27AE83AE2F4043A0272B0F">
<td id="A1E341B7E9FB0492B4F8CB8091B8F288" class="regional_status">
<normalizedToken id="EA557787C8050D0BCDDD26BADB5D4F2C" originalValue="Alpensüdflanke">Alpensuedflanke</normalizedToken>
(SA)
</td>
<td id="B1455BA8371BD7B2355C886E93244EB9">--</td>
</tr>
<tr id="8040AE14B354BB4684F5CA6CCEF5461B">
<td id="5FABE466C8747063F47ED8F2CEAC029A" class="regional_status">
<normalizedToken id="68D69B194190DB2C71BB5C24D629128F" originalValue="Östliche">Oestliche</normalizedToken>
Zentralalpen (EA)
</td>
<td id="C819EBFFEFE7FC8CDEE3B15A1162121D">--</td>
</tr>
<tr id="7AF46BEFA336052E5147CCEF3EF43D98">
<td id="E264090D3402ED817953487747BF48B5" class="regional_status">Westliche Zentralalpen (WA)</td>
<td id="55E422184EA2476C7590B4845C7B9E91">--</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3FB8F6A40408377F3268406AAC64BC35">
<heading id="EF92FF300388A4C420C7EDA94A5D4C2D">
Status nationale
<normalizedToken id="3CA6D37BC722B7897DEBCFE060340745" originalValue="Priorität">Prioritaet</normalizedToken>
/Verantwortung
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</paragraph>
<table id="44B5048BEA16B0B59EEE4D8661E12396" class="table" inLine="true">
<tbody id="11B4B74457B4FC90B2E8F0BB8CE14869">
<paragraph id="B406DB89FEBE250E36AF1AEFA216929E">
<tr id="6B78933C3BD3F0F3E590D93B72CE329D">
<td id="CD76BBA13BA08E7C4A872AA28BC79203" style="width:50%">
<emphasis id="732A92EE2BE6215035DB44950361BC86" bold="true">
Nationale
<normalizedToken id="9E6B231A30916CE6431FC577325AFCCC" originalValue="Priorität">Prioritaet</normalizedToken>
</emphasis>
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<td id="70C77227B85F9DAC4BEE4FFBE8B13B32">
4 -
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nationale
<normalizedToken id="6FB27D221FA4B1EEFB48F11D1B9EF576" originalValue="Priorität">Prioritaet</normalizedToken>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="CC3EE2BECD785D55AB70574500552BAD">
<td id="8ED72FE5A517F2AE45AB4B1E69477CD3">
<emphasis id="AF7B02067B36AC20FEBAEB887BEE7E75" bold="true">Massnahmenbedarf</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="E556A9D6FA3E5B5536D466F888E858FC">
1 -
<normalizedToken id="6A8F3B4FB32EA4F1638A679080C9E443" originalValue="Möglicher">Moeglicher</normalizedToken>
(unsicherer) Massnahmebedarf
</td>
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="24B36A7C8B197A9A51F1145CA31ED2E5">
<tr id="032DCE9EE1193139F7B50FFB7D9D4980">
<td id="61820C80BE92EA4689D7F7FC6B87EC6D">
<heading id="7F36F7F6E2334831D8302BAFE7B0839C">
<emphasis id="ABA1F3D87C138F56FD070C512DCED19B" bold="true">Internationale Verantwortung</emphasis>
</heading>
</td>
<td id="980FB703FFC4660248527BB3D9EB1FF4">1 - Gering</td>
</tr>
<tr id="5EF12427874A5F6EEE6C19D26F1A506B">
<td id="32FF1172E04F5EC86A58A504F0DEF7C8">
<emphasis id="5592B4578300A8A1B3E2EBA104D92433" bold="true">
<normalizedToken id="E78EE50960632A5E622DF15C64A3F64F" originalValue="Überwachung">Ueberwachung</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="64A79463AC241887938245A8C1FC219D" originalValue="Bestände">Bestaende</normalizedToken>
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<td id="1CE49E6284148604FB770BE5A1A3BDD4">
1 -
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ist eventuell
<normalizedToken id="8739696BF20F88D82BEA9EEDE14118EB" originalValue="nötig">noetig</normalizedToken>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="85DE0B6FB02F8E6B29F2F4D465A63E6C">
<heading id="0E38B08FA95E88230AD9F783836B64C2">Schutzstatus</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="935116A8C0BE07CF287A0D2A89E11D8C">
<table id="6575FF95E2C8E879170F14102A0C6174" class="table" inLine="true">
<tr id="C2F9F52F79102834228D3A83580F71BB">
<td id="DFDC9F374ED7B8AFE3EDC2DAD7631586">Kein internationaler, nationaler oder kantonaler Schutz</td>
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8662A64460EA3BEA419FD966D267E3FF">Status in sektoriellen Umweltpolitiken</paragraph>
<paragraph id="472D7E69218233A186CCB58A903EB165">
<table id="CB787B3A4F42A34F5D307A62161102A0" class="table table-condensed" inLine="true">
<tr id="C0723E579C7A85D65D9DAE964319A001" class="">
<td id="FEE2E8AC0A3FC1369B79AE5AC11AFD2F">
<emphasis id="06857610091D73E507D52DAAF523317E" bold="true">Umweltziele Landwirtschaft:</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="A0E551E7275A909FC8D5BC44F6C6A920">Z - Zielart</td>
<td id="838D82F35310BEC7AA9A3FFF76208CF5">weitere Informationen</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="15CCC3897CA85EC79EEA855F634D1BF0" type="multiple">
<paragraph id="128B7ABFB46F62E5D93159AB1C3BD646">
Erhalten/
<normalizedToken id="9ACDD253B446668D74A51CD3DFF167E9" originalValue="Fördern">Foerdern</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="71E3146424B70F0CBAB35CE148AEB505" originalValue="Gefährdungen">Gefaehrdungen</normalizedToken>
und Massnahmen Kleine, isolierte Vorkommen Schutz aller Fundorte (Mikroreservate)
<normalizedToken id="88781330D2EA4A270FE9D7D798874877" originalValue="Regelmäßige">Regelmaessige</normalizedToken>
Bestandeskontrollen Verlust des Lebensraums (Aufgabe)
<normalizedToken id="AFEC9C817B407028460A3427B65DA97A" originalValue="Störungen">Stoerungen</normalizedToken>
in Trockenrasen
<normalizedToken id="4BACE16FC294A82C920DDB34D358CB0B" originalValue="fördern">foerdern</normalizedToken>
(Schafbeweidung ist ideal)
<normalizedToken id="1A824A9C76652EDFAD26A47CD344DCAD" originalValue="Zerstörung">Zerstoerung</normalizedToken>
des Lebensraums (
<normalizedToken id="BE05682E326948F4B81A6B55BC6A419B" originalValue="Bautätigkeit">Bautaetigkeit</normalizedToken>
, Gesteinsabbau)
<normalizedToken id="7AA18C05184FBBF550833C7AA5D95891" originalValue="Baumaßnahmen">Baumassnahmen</normalizedToken>
in der
<normalizedToken id="C6E024045CADA14AE7CB83B4D52E0BB1" originalValue="Nähe">Naehe</normalizedToken>
bestehender Fundstellen vermeiden
<normalizedToken id="A4FD19770A63488BD3EE8565FF49D53B" originalValue="Berücksichtigung">Beruecksichtigung</normalizedToken>
der Art und ihres Lebensraums bei neuen Projekten Verbuschung, Sukzession Entbuschen Cornus, Clematis, Rubus, Prunus
<normalizedToken id="6DCF51D083E7A776C25A7ACBE990030E" originalValue="bekämpfen">bekaempfen</normalizedToken>
Export von Schneideprodukten
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</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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70
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ECUADOR: Pichincha: Bellavista Cloud Forest Reserve and Lodge, small stream, pan trap,
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,
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<treatment id="15003760FF86F66E6591FB6BFE6DFD22" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5572191" ID-GBIF-Taxon="189005003" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5572191" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:15003760FF86F66E6591FB6BFE6DFD22" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/15003760FF86F66E6591FB6BFE6DFD22" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="369" pageId="13" pageNumber="366">
<subSubSection id="D5B3D5FDFF86F6736591FB6BFE3BFAD3" pageId="13" pageNumber="366" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="9D168676FF86F6736591FB6BFBFDFB08" blockId="13.[151,1137,1217,1280]" box="[151,1137,1217,1244]" pageId="13" pageNumber="366">
<heading id="C65E311AFF86F6736591FB6BFBFDFB08" bold="true" box="[151,1137,1217,1244]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="366" reason="1">
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF86F6736591FB6BFBFDFB08" bold="true" box="[151,1137,1217,1244]" pageId="13" pageNumber="366">
<taxonomicName id="5AA9FDF5FF86F6736591FB6BFB8AFB08" ID-CoL="8RVPR" authority="Fernandez, Gastaldi, Thompson &amp; Hajdu" authorityName="Fernandez, Gastaldi, Thompson &amp; Hajdu" authorityYear="2021" box="[151,1030,1217,1244]" class="Demospongiae" family="Crellidae" genus="Crella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="13" pageNumber="366" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="santacruzae" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Pytheas">
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF86F6736591FB6BFF6EFB0F" bold="true" box="[151,226,1217,1244]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="366">Crella</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF86F67365F5FB6BFEDEFB0F" bold="true" box="[243,338,1217,1244]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="366">Pytheas</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF86F6736465FB68FE78FB0F" bold="true" box="[355,500,1218,1244]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="366">santacruzae</emphasis>
Fernandez, Gastaldi, Thompson &amp; Hajdu
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B4EEE71FFF86F6736115FB6BFBFDFB08" box="[1043,1137,1217,1243]" pageId="13" pageNumber="366" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D168676FF86F6736591FB4FFE3BFAD3" blockId="13.[151,1137,1217,1280]" box="[151,439,1253,1280]" pageId="13" pageNumber="366">
(
<tableCitation id="D02BB3CDFF86F6736599FB4FFE91FB2C" box="[159,285,1253,1279]" captionStart-0="TABLE 2" captionStart-1="TABLE 3" captionStartId-0="9.[150,238,464,490]" captionStartId-1="14.[151,239,1417,1441]" captionTargetPageId-0="9" captionTargetPageId-1="14" captionText-0="TABLE 2. Distribution, bathymetry (m), characters (external and skeletal features) and measurements of spicules (μm) of all known species of Crella (Pytheas) Topsent, 1890. Measurements are presented as, minimum–average (standard deviation)–maximum length/minimum–average (standard deviation)–maximum thickness, unless stated otherwise. For chelae microscleres only length is provided, and for sigmas length and thickness. Range of measurements and/or average and/or standard deviation for some species are absent from the literature. Codes throughout the table: * (absent),? (no information), ‘ ’ (according to original description), “ ” (our opinion)." captionText-1="TABLE 3. Measurements in micrometer (µm) of spicules of Crella (Pytheas) santacruzae Fernandez, Gastaldi, Thompson &amp; Hajdu, sp. nov. Measurements are presented as, minimum–average (standard deviation)–maximum length/minimum–average (standard deviation)–maximum thickness. For chelae microscleres only length is provided" httpUri-0="http://table.plazi.org/id/C9D6D6FEFF82F6776590FE7AF9A1FD85" pageId="13" pageNumber="366" tableUuid-0="C9D6D6FEFF82F6776590FE7AF9A1FD85">Tables 2–3</tableCitation>
;
<figureCitation id="05929AF3FF86F673642FFB4FFE3CFAD3" box="[297,432,1253,1280]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 6" captionStart-1="FIGURE 7" captionStartId-0="14.[151,250,1237,1261]" captionStartId-1="15.[151,250,1651,1675]" captionTargetBox-0="[179,1409,597,1213]" captionTargetBox-1="[208,1378,181,1627]" captionTargetId-0="figure-218@14.[179,1409,597,1213]" captionTargetId-1="figure-18@15.[208,1378,181,1627]" captionTargetPageId-0="14" captionTargetPageId-1="15" captionText-0="FIGURE 6. Crella (Pytheas) santacruzae Fernandez, Gastaldi, Thompson &amp; Hajdu, sp. nov.: type material preserved (A–D). A, massive fragment (MNRJ 22479) of the holotype―ZIN 12081 in preservative (ethanol 70%). B, Same fragment of holotype turned over. C, massive fragment (MNRJ 22438) of the paratype―ZIN 12082 in preservative (ethanol 70%). D, Same fragment of paratype turned over. Scale bars: A–D = 5 mm." captionText-1="FIGURE 7. Crella (Pytheas) santacruzae Fernandez, Gastaldi, Thompson &amp; Hajdu, sp. nov.: skeleton (A–F) and spicules (G–S, in SEM and light microscopy) of the holotype―ZIN 12081 (A, D–E, G–N) and paratype―ZIN 12082 (B–C, F, O–S). A, transverse section. B, transverse section. C, transverse section (another section). D, tornotes in bouquet and ectosomal acanthostyles scattered and making a continuous layer at the ectosomal region. E, bouquet of tornotes and ectosomal acanthostyles. F, tornotes in bundles and ectosomal acanthostyles at the ectosomal region. G, tornotes (strongyle-like shape). H, extremities of the tornotes. I, tornotes (in light microscopy). J, extremities of the tornotes with slightly rough appearance due to very small spines. K, choanosomal acanthostyles. L, choanosomal and ectosomal acanthostyles (in light microscopy). M, ectosomal acanthostyles. N, arcuate isochelae. O, tornotes (strongyles-like shape) and ectosomal acanthostyles. P, extremities of the tornotes. Q, choanosomal acanthostyles (in light microscopy). R, ectosomal acanthostyles. S, arcuate isochelae. Scale bars: A = 500 µm; B–C = 200 µm; D–G = 100 µm; H = 10 µm; I= 100 µm; J = 10 µm; K–L = 100; M = 50 µm; N = 20 µm; O = 100 µm; P = 10 µm; Q = 100 µm; R = 50 µm; S = 20 µm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5572185" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5572187" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/5572185/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/5572187/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="366">Figures 6–7</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D5B3D5FDFF86F6736591FA87FB20FA60" pageId="13" pageNumber="366" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="9D168676FF86F6736591FA87FD7AFA9B" blockId="13.[151,1437,1325,2036]" box="[151,758,1325,1352]" pageId="13" pageNumber="366">
<materialsCitation id="2DC18C2BFF86F6736591FA87FD7EFA9B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3387218306" box="[151,754,1325,1352]" country="Argentina" location="Santa Cruz province" pageId="13" pageNumber="366" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Santa Cruz" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF86F6736591FA87FEBAFA94" bold="true" box="[151,310,1325,1351]" pageId="13" pageNumber="366">
<typeStatus id="421238D4FF86F6736591FA87FF5EFA94" box="[151,210,1325,1351]" pageId="13" pageNumber="366">Type</typeStatus>
locality.
</emphasis>
off
<collectingRegion id="5F6D4894FF86F6736465FA87FDC7FA94" box="[355,587,1325,1351]" country="Argentina" name="Santa Cruz" pageId="13" pageNumber="366">Santa Cruz province</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="E5BEC6E6FF86F6736753FA87FD48FA94" box="[597,708,1325,1351]" name="Argentina" pageId="13" pageNumber="366">Argentina</collectingCountry>
sea
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D168676FF86F67365C1FAFBFB20FA60" blockId="13.[151,1437,1325,2036]" pageId="13" pageNumber="366">
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF86F67365C1FAFBFE39FAB8" bold="true" box="[199,437,1361,1387]" pageId="13" pageNumber="366">Material examined.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="2DC18C2BFF86F67364C7FAFBFA14FA5C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3387218303" accessionNumber="ZIN 12081" collectingDate="1974-03-18" collectionCode="ZIN, RV" country="Argentina" elevation="750" latitude="-47.283333" location="Sea" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-59.9" pageId="13" pageNumber="366" specimenCode="MNRJ 22479" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="Santa Cruz" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="421238D4FF86F67364C7FAFBFDA4FAB8" box="[449,552,1361,1387]" pageId="13" pageNumber="366" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
—
<collectionCode id="FBB81EB3FF86F6736743FAFBFDF8FAB8" box="[581,628,1361,1387]" country="Russia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/z2y8-2jfr" name="Russian Academy of Sciences, Zoological Institute, Zoological Museum" pageId="13" pageNumber="366" type="Museum">ZIN</collectionCode>
12081, Stn. 128 (-
<geoCoordinate id="F89DE0B1FF86F6736650FAFBFB85FAB8" box="[854,1033,1361,1387]" degrees="47.28333333" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="366" precision="1" value="-47.283333">47.28333333 S</geoCoordinate>
, -
<geoCoordinate id="F89DE0B1FF86F6736124FAFBFB6CFABF" box="[1058,1248,1361,1388]" degrees="59.90000000" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="366" precision="1" value="-59.9">59.90000000 W</geoCoordinate>
; off
<collectingRegion id="5F6D4894FF86F673601AFAFBFF70FA5C" country="Argentina" name="Santa Cruz" pageId="13" pageNumber="366">Santa Cruz province</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="E5BEC6E6FF86F6736403FADFFEF8FA5C" box="[261,372,1397,1423]" name="Argentina" pageId="13" pageNumber="366">Argentine</collectingCountry>
<location id="9876D0ADFF86F673647DFADFFE2BFA5C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:15003760FF86F66E6591FB6BFE6DFD22:9876D0ADFF86F673647DFADFFE2BFA5C" box="[379,423,1397,1423]" country="Argentina" latitude="-47.283333" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-59.9" name="Sea" pageId="13" pageNumber="366" stateProvince="Santa Cruz">Sea</location>
),
<elevation id="16846145FF86F67364BCFADFFDCBFA5C" box="[442,583,1397,1424]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" pageId="13" pageNumber="366" unit="m" value="750.0">
<quantity id="5A512B93FF86F67364BCFADFFD8CFA43" box="[442,512,1397,1424]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" pageId="13" pageNumber="366" unit="m" value="750.0">750 m</quantity>
depth
</elevation>
, coll.
<collectionCode id="FBB81EB3FF86F673678EFADCFD20FA43" box="[648,684,1398,1424]" country="Italy" name="Collection of Leptospira Strains" pageId="13" pageNumber="366">RV</collectionCode>
“
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF86F67367B9FADFFD75FA5C" box="[703,761,1397,1423]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="366">Zund</emphasis>
”,
<date id="E917A0B6FF86F6736614FADFFC40FA5C" box="[786,972,1397,1423]" pageId="13" pageNumber="366" value="1974-03-18">
<collectingDate id="F953595EFF86F6736614FADFFC40FA5C" box="[786,972,1397,1423]" pageId="13" pageNumber="366" value="1974-03-18">
18
<superScript id="6ADC2B3EFF86F6736628FADFFCB7FA50" attach="left" box="[814,827,1397,1411]" fontSize="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="366">th</superScript>
March 1974
</collectingDate>
</date>
. Fragment of
<typeStatus id="421238D4FF86F6736163FADFFB4BFA5C" box="[1125,1223,1397,1423]" pageId="13" pageNumber="366" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
und
<specimenCode id="CD0F2E0DFF86F67361F8FADCFA14FA5C" box="[1278,1432,1397,1424]" collectionCode="MNRJ" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zi1i-a0b5" name="Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro" pageId="13" pageNumber="366">MNRJ 22479</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="2DC18C2BFF86F6736591FA30FCDAFA60" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3387218302" accessionNumber="ZIN 12082" box="[151,854,1433,1460]" collectingDate="1974-03-18" collectionCode="ZIN" country="Argentina" elevation="750" latitude="-47.283333" location="Sea" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-59.9" pageId="13" pageNumber="366" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Santa Cruz" typeStatus="paratype">
<typeStatus id="421238D4FF86F6736591FA30FF75FA67" box="[151,249,1434,1460]" pageId="13" pageNumber="366" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
—
<collectionCode id="FBB81EB3FF86F6736413FA30FECFFA67" box="[277,323,1434,1460]" country="Russia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/z2y8-2jfr" name="Russian Academy of Sciences, Zoological Institute, Zoological Museum" pageId="13" pageNumber="366" type="Museum">ZIN</collectionCode>
12082, same data as the holotype. Fragment of
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="2DC18C2BFF86F673665BFA30FB25FA60" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3387218310" box="[861,1193,1433,1460]" collectionCode="MNRJ" country="Argentina" pageId="13" pageNumber="366" specimenCode="MNRJ 22438" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Santa Cruz" typeStatus="paratype">
<typeStatus id="421238D4FF86F673665BFA30FC33FA67" box="[861,959,1434,1460]" pageId="13" pageNumber="366" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
under
<specimenCode id="CD0F2E0DFF86F673610BFA30FB25FA60" box="[1037,1193,1433,1460]" collectionCode="MNRJ" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zi1i-a0b5" name="Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro" pageId="13" pageNumber="366">MNRJ 22438</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D5B3D5FDFF86F67365C1FA17FD0AF9F3" pageId="13" pageNumber="366" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="9D168676FF86F67365C1FA17FD0AF9F3" blockId="13.[151,1437,1325,2036]" pageId="13" pageNumber="366">
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF86F67365C1FA17FECEFA04" bold="true" box="[199,322,1469,1495]" pageId="13" pageNumber="366">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="5AA9FDF5FF86F673644FFA17FD8EFA0B" authority="" authorityName="Topsent" authorityYear="1890" box="[329,514,1469,1496]" class="Demospongiae" family="Crellidae" genus="Crella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="13" pageNumber="366" phylum="Porifera" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Pytheas">
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF86F673644FFA17FE1CFA04" box="[329,400,1469,1495]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="366">Crella</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF86F67364A7FA17FE76FA04" box="[417,506,1469,1495]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="366">Pytheas</emphasis>
)
</taxonomicName>
occurring in the deep southern Atlantic, with tornotes (427–576/7.8–12 µm), two categories of acanthostyles (choanosomal, 375–563/9.1–13.5 µm; ectosomal, 92–119/4.3–7.1 µm) and a single category of arcuate isochelae (22–30.9 µm).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D5B3D5FDFF86F67065C1F983FE01FDEE" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="367" pageId="13" pageNumber="366" type="description">
<paragraph id="9D168676FF86F67365C1F983FCF7F97C" blockId="13.[151,1437,1325,2036]" pageId="13" pageNumber="366">
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF86F67365C1F983FED5F990" bold="true" box="[199,345,1577,1603]" pageId="13" pageNumber="366">Description.</emphasis>
Only two, small, preserved fragments (
<figureCitation id="05929AF3FF86F673662FF983FC38F997" box="[809,948,1577,1604]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1237,1261]" captionTargetBox="[179,1409,597,1213]" captionTargetId="figure-218@14.[179,1409,597,1213]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 6. Crella (Pytheas) santacruzae Fernandez, Gastaldi, Thompson &amp; Hajdu, sp. nov.: type material preserved (A–D). A, massive fragment (MNRJ 22479) of the holotype―ZIN 12081 in preservative (ethanol 70%). B, Same fragment of holotype turned over. C, massive fragment (MNRJ 22438) of the paratype―ZIN 12082 in preservative (ethanol 70%). D, Same fragment of paratype turned over. Scale bars: A–D = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5572185" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5572185/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="366">Figs. 6A–D</figureCitation>
);
<typeStatus id="421238D4FF86F67366CAF983FBBDF990" box="[972,1073,1577,1603]" pageId="13" pageNumber="366" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, 2.85 (L) x 1.28 (W) x
<quantity id="5A512B93FF86F673604BF983FA10F997" box="[1357,1436,1577,1604]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="366" unit="cm" value="0.6">0.6 cm</quantity>
(H) and
<typeStatus id="421238D4FF86F67365FEF9E4FED7F9BB" box="[248,347,1614,1640]" pageId="13" pageNumber="366" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
, 2 (L) x 1 (W) x
<quantity id="5A512B93FF86F6736721F9E7FDF9F9BB" box="[551,629,1613,1640]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="366" unit="cm" value="0.8">0.8 cm</quantity>
(H). Surface irregular, slightly hispid, folded and wrinkled at parts, or smoother, with a thin, easily detachable membrane. Oscules and pores not evident in the fragments. Consistency compressible and resilient, texture soft. Color in spirit dirty beige.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D168676FF86F67365C1F913FC3FF81C" blockId="13.[151,1437,1325,2036]" pageId="13" pageNumber="366">
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF86F67365C1F913FEB9F900" bold="true" box="[199,309,1721,1747]" pageId="13" pageNumber="366">Skeleton.</emphasis>
Plumose architecture (
<figureCitation id="05929AF3FF86F6736730F913FD03F907" box="[566,655,1721,1748]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1651,1675]" captionTargetBox="[208,1378,181,1627]" captionTargetId="figure-18@15.[208,1378,181,1627]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 7. Crella (Pytheas) santacruzae Fernandez, Gastaldi, Thompson &amp; Hajdu, sp. nov.: skeleton (A–F) and spicules (G–S, in SEM and light microscopy) of the holotype―ZIN 12081 (A, D–E, G–N) and paratype―ZIN 12082 (B–C, F, O–S). A, transverse section. B, transverse section. C, transverse section (another section). D, tornotes in bouquet and ectosomal acanthostyles scattered and making a continuous layer at the ectosomal region. E, bouquet of tornotes and ectosomal acanthostyles. F, tornotes in bundles and ectosomal acanthostyles at the ectosomal region. G, tornotes (strongyle-like shape). H, extremities of the tornotes. I, tornotes (in light microscopy). J, extremities of the tornotes with slightly rough appearance due to very small spines. K, choanosomal acanthostyles. L, choanosomal and ectosomal acanthostyles (in light microscopy). M, ectosomal acanthostyles. N, arcuate isochelae. O, tornotes (strongyles-like shape) and ectosomal acanthostyles. P, extremities of the tornotes. Q, choanosomal acanthostyles (in light microscopy). R, ectosomal acanthostyles. S, arcuate isochelae. Scale bars: A = 500 µm; B–C = 200 µm; D–G = 100 µm; H = 10 µm; I= 100 µm; J = 10 µm; K–L = 100; M = 50 µm; N = 20 µm; O = 100 µm; P = 10 µm; Q = 100 µm; R = 50 µm; S = 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5572187" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5572187/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="366">Fig. 7A</figureCitation>
). Ectosomal region with tornotes in bundles (up to 12 spicules) and in bouquets, which rarely protrude to the surface, up to 50 µm high (Figs. B–D). Ectosomal acanthostyles in tangential to paratangential arrangement at the surface making a continuous layer, ca. 50 µm thick (
<figureCitation id="05929AF3FF86F6736168F8ABFB7CF8CF" box="[1134,1264,1793,1820]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1651,1675]" captionTargetBox="[208,1378,181,1627]" captionTargetId="figure-18@15.[208,1378,181,1627]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 7. Crella (Pytheas) santacruzae Fernandez, Gastaldi, Thompson &amp; Hajdu, sp. nov.: skeleton (A–F) and spicules (G–S, in SEM and light microscopy) of the holotype―ZIN 12081 (A, D–E, G–N) and paratype―ZIN 12082 (B–C, F, O–S). A, transverse section. B, transverse section. C, transverse section (another section). D, tornotes in bouquet and ectosomal acanthostyles scattered and making a continuous layer at the ectosomal region. E, bouquet of tornotes and ectosomal acanthostyles. F, tornotes in bundles and ectosomal acanthostyles at the ectosomal region. G, tornotes (strongyle-like shape). H, extremities of the tornotes. I, tornotes (in light microscopy). J, extremities of the tornotes with slightly rough appearance due to very small spines. K, choanosomal acanthostyles. L, choanosomal and ectosomal acanthostyles (in light microscopy). M, ectosomal acanthostyles. N, arcuate isochelae. O, tornotes (strongyles-like shape) and ectosomal acanthostyles. P, extremities of the tornotes. Q, choanosomal acanthostyles (in light microscopy). R, ectosomal acanthostyles. S, arcuate isochelae. Scale bars: A = 500 µm; B–C = 200 µm; D–G = 100 µm; H = 10 µm; I= 100 µm; J = 10 µm; K–L = 100; M = 50 µm; N = 20 µm; O = 100 µm; P = 10 µm; Q = 100 µm; R = 50 µm; S = 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5572187" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5572187/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="366">Figs. 7D–F</figureCitation>
). Choanosomal region with tornotes in tracts (up to 12 spicules). Thick tracts of choanosomal acanthostyles (more than 15 spicules) at the base of the choanosome. Several ectosomal acanthostyles and arcuate isochelae occur scattered throughout the choanosome. All categories of acanthostyles (ectosomal and choanosomal) are distinguished by size (length and width) and patterns of spination. In spongin there are wide rounded subectosomal (150–700 µm longer length) and choanosomal channels (ca. 1000 µm longer length). No spongin fibers.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D168676FF86F67065C1F873FE01FDEE" blockId="13.[151,1437,1325,2036]" lastBlockId="14.[151,1437,151,573]" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="367" pageId="13" pageNumber="366">
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF86F67365C1F873FEBCF820" bold="true" box="[199,304,2009,2035]" pageId="13" pageNumber="366">Spicules.</emphasis>
Megascleres (
<tableCitation id="D02BB3CDFF86F67364D6F873FDC1F820" box="[464,589,2009,2035]" captionStart-0="TABLE 2" captionStart-1="TABLE 3" captionStartId-0="9.[150,238,464,490]" captionStartId-1="14.[151,239,1417,1441]" captionTargetPageId-0="9" captionTargetPageId-1="14" captionText-0="TABLE 2. Distribution, bathymetry (m), characters (external and skeletal features) and measurements of spicules (μm) of all known species of Crella (Pytheas) Topsent, 1890. Measurements are presented as, minimum–average (standard deviation)–maximum length/minimum–average (standard deviation)–maximum thickness, unless stated otherwise. For chelae microscleres only length is provided, and for sigmas length and thickness. Range of measurements and/or average and/or standard deviation for some species are absent from the literature. Codes throughout the table: * (absent),? (no information), ‘ ’ (according to original description), “ ” (our opinion)." captionText-1="TABLE 3. Measurements in micrometer (µm) of spicules of Crella (Pytheas) santacruzae Fernandez, Gastaldi, Thompson &amp; Hajdu, sp. nov. Measurements are presented as, minimum–average (standard deviation)–maximum length/minimum–average (standard deviation)–maximum thickness. For chelae microscleres only length is provided" httpUri-0="http://table.plazi.org/id/C9D6D6FEFF82F6776590FE7AF9A1FD85" pageId="13" pageNumber="366" tableUuid-0="C9D6D6FEFF82F6776590FE7AF9A1FD85">Tables 2–3</tableCitation>
). Tornotes (
<figureCitation id="05929AF3FF86F67367D6F873FC16F820" box="[720,922,2009,2035]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1651,1675]" captionTargetBox="[208,1378,181,1627]" captionTargetId="figure-18@15.[208,1378,181,1627]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 7. Crella (Pytheas) santacruzae Fernandez, Gastaldi, Thompson &amp; Hajdu, sp. nov.: skeleton (A–F) and spicules (G–S, in SEM and light microscopy) of the holotype―ZIN 12081 (A, D–E, G–N) and paratype―ZIN 12082 (B–C, F, O–S). A, transverse section. B, transverse section. C, transverse section (another section). D, tornotes in bouquet and ectosomal acanthostyles scattered and making a continuous layer at the ectosomal region. E, bouquet of tornotes and ectosomal acanthostyles. F, tornotes in bundles and ectosomal acanthostyles at the ectosomal region. G, tornotes (strongyle-like shape). H, extremities of the tornotes. I, tornotes (in light microscopy). J, extremities of the tornotes with slightly rough appearance due to very small spines. K, choanosomal acanthostyles. L, choanosomal and ectosomal acanthostyles (in light microscopy). M, ectosomal acanthostyles. N, arcuate isochelae. O, tornotes (strongyles-like shape) and ectosomal acanthostyles. P, extremities of the tornotes. Q, choanosomal acanthostyles (in light microscopy). R, ectosomal acanthostyles. S, arcuate isochelae. Scale bars: A = 500 µm; B–C = 200 µm; D–G = 100 µm; H = 10 µm; I= 100 µm; J = 10 µm; K–L = 100; M = 50 µm; N = 20 µm; O = 100 µm; P = 10 µm; Q = 100 µm; R = 50 µm; S = 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5572187" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5572187/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="366">Figs. 7G–J, 7O–P</figureCitation>
), slightly aniso, strongyloid, slightly fusiform, slightly curved to straight, smooth, sometimes with polytylote axis (a few or several tyles, occasionally verrucose); axis may bear very small spines spread all around, or at the tips, in a rough appearance; juvenile forms thinner and scarce: 393–
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF85F6706420FF75FEE9FF2A" box="[294,357,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="367">502.3</emphasis>
(41.3)–576/7.6–
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF85F6706725FF75FDD8FF2A" box="[547,596,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="367">10.1</emphasis>
(1)–12.2 µm. Choanosomal acanthostyles (
<figureCitation id="05929AF3FF85F670614EFF75FA8DFF2A" box="[1096,1281,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1651,1675]" captionTargetBox="[208,1378,181,1627]" captionTargetId="figure-18@15.[208,1378,181,1627]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 7. Crella (Pytheas) santacruzae Fernandez, Gastaldi, Thompson &amp; Hajdu, sp. nov.: skeleton (A–F) and spicules (G–S, in SEM and light microscopy) of the holotype―ZIN 12081 (A, D–E, G–N) and paratype―ZIN 12082 (B–C, F, O–S). A, transverse section. B, transverse section. C, transverse section (another section). D, tornotes in bouquet and ectosomal acanthostyles scattered and making a continuous layer at the ectosomal region. E, bouquet of tornotes and ectosomal acanthostyles. F, tornotes in bundles and ectosomal acanthostyles at the ectosomal region. G, tornotes (strongyle-like shape). H, extremities of the tornotes. I, tornotes (in light microscopy). J, extremities of the tornotes with slightly rough appearance due to very small spines. K, choanosomal acanthostyles. L, choanosomal and ectosomal acanthostyles (in light microscopy). M, ectosomal acanthostyles. N, arcuate isochelae. O, tornotes (strongyles-like shape) and ectosomal acanthostyles. P, extremities of the tornotes. Q, choanosomal acanthostyles (in light microscopy). R, ectosomal acanthostyles. S, arcuate isochelae. Scale bars: A = 500 µm; B–C = 200 µm; D–G = 100 µm; H = 10 µm; I= 100 µm; J = 10 µm; K–L = 100; M = 50 µm; N = 20 µm; O = 100 µm; P = 10 µm; Q = 100 µm; R = 50 µm; S = 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5572187" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5572187/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="367">Figs. 7K–L, 7Q</figureCitation>
), uncommon, straight to slightly curved, bases blunt to slightly swollen (tyle), tips acerate or mucronate; rarely completely smooth, often variably spined; spines sharp but sometimes rounded, up to 5.4 µm high, mostly concentrated at the basal third, a few scattered elsewhere, straight or curved towards the tips: 372–
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF85F67066F6FEE1FBA3FEB6" box="[1008,1071,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="367">484.2</emphasis>
(53.2)–563/9.1–
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF85F67061E8FEE0FA91FEB7" box="[1262,1309,330,356]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="367">11.6</emphasis>
(1.1)–13.7 µm. Ectosomal acanthostyles (
<figureCitation id="05929AF3FF85F67064F0FEC5FD69FE5A" box="[502,741,367,393]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1651,1675]" captionTargetBox="[208,1378,181,1627]" captionTargetId="figure-18@15.[208,1378,181,1627]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 7. Crella (Pytheas) santacruzae Fernandez, Gastaldi, Thompson &amp; Hajdu, sp. nov.: skeleton (A–F) and spicules (G–S, in SEM and light microscopy) of the holotype―ZIN 12081 (A, D–E, G–N) and paratype―ZIN 12082 (B–C, F, O–S). A, transverse section. B, transverse section. C, transverse section (another section). D, tornotes in bouquet and ectosomal acanthostyles scattered and making a continuous layer at the ectosomal region. E, bouquet of tornotes and ectosomal acanthostyles. F, tornotes in bundles and ectosomal acanthostyles at the ectosomal region. G, tornotes (strongyle-like shape). H, extremities of the tornotes. I, tornotes (in light microscopy). J, extremities of the tornotes with slightly rough appearance due to very small spines. K, choanosomal acanthostyles. L, choanosomal and ectosomal acanthostyles (in light microscopy). M, ectosomal acanthostyles. N, arcuate isochelae. O, tornotes (strongyles-like shape) and ectosomal acanthostyles. P, extremities of the tornotes. Q, choanosomal acanthostyles (in light microscopy). R, ectosomal acanthostyles. S, arcuate isochelae. Scale bars: A = 500 µm; B–C = 200 µm; D–G = 100 µm; H = 10 µm; I= 100 µm; J = 10 µm; K–L = 100; M = 50 µm; N = 20 µm; O = 100 µm; P = 10 µm; Q = 100 µm; R = 50 µm; S = 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5572187" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5572187/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="367">Figs. 7L–M, 7O, 7R</figureCitation>
), straight to slightly curved; isodiametric (seldom fusiform), fully spined, blunt bases (no tyle), tips acerate and sharp; spines variably abundant (more than in choanosomal acanthostyles), sometimes more concentrated at both ends, large (up to 6 µm high), straight and sharp: 92–
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF85F670605BFE1DFA10FE02" box="[1373,1436,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="367">108.4</emphasis>
(7.5)–122/4.2–
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF85F6706438FE71FEEDFE26" box="[318,353,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="367">5.4</emphasis>
(0.8)–7.1 µm. Microscleres (
<tableCitation id="D02BB3CDFF85F67067AAFE71FCA7FE26" box="[684,811,475,501]" captionStart-0="TABLE 2" captionStart-1="TABLE 3" captionStartId-0="9.[150,238,464,490]" captionStartId-1="14.[151,239,1417,1441]" captionTargetPageId-0="9" captionTargetPageId-1="14" captionText-0="TABLE 2. Distribution, bathymetry (m), characters (external and skeletal features) and measurements of spicules (μm) of all known species of Crella (Pytheas) Topsent, 1890. Measurements are presented as, minimum–average (standard deviation)–maximum length/minimum–average (standard deviation)–maximum thickness, unless stated otherwise. For chelae microscleres only length is provided, and for sigmas length and thickness. Range of measurements and/or average and/or standard deviation for some species are absent from the literature. Codes throughout the table: * (absent),? (no information), ‘ ’ (according to original description), “ ” (our opinion)." captionText-1="TABLE 3. Measurements in micrometer (µm) of spicules of Crella (Pytheas) santacruzae Fernandez, Gastaldi, Thompson &amp; Hajdu, sp. nov. Measurements are presented as, minimum–average (standard deviation)–maximum length/minimum–average (standard deviation)–maximum thickness. For chelae microscleres only length is provided" httpUri-0="http://table.plazi.org/id/C9D6D6FEFF82F6776590FE7AF9A1FD85" pageId="14" pageNumber="367" tableUuid-0="C9D6D6FEFF82F6776590FE7AF9A1FD85">Tables 2–3</tableCitation>
), arcuate isochelae (
<figureCitation id="05929AF3FF85F6706117FE71FB2EFE26" box="[1041,1186,475,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1651,1675]" captionTargetBox="[208,1378,181,1627]" captionTargetId="figure-18@15.[208,1378,181,1627]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 7. Crella (Pytheas) santacruzae Fernandez, Gastaldi, Thompson &amp; Hajdu, sp. nov.: skeleton (A–F) and spicules (G–S, in SEM and light microscopy) of the holotype―ZIN 12081 (A, D–E, G–N) and paratype―ZIN 12082 (B–C, F, O–S). A, transverse section. B, transverse section. C, transverse section (another section). D, tornotes in bouquet and ectosomal acanthostyles scattered and making a continuous layer at the ectosomal region. E, bouquet of tornotes and ectosomal acanthostyles. F, tornotes in bundles and ectosomal acanthostyles at the ectosomal region. G, tornotes (strongyle-like shape). H, extremities of the tornotes. I, tornotes (in light microscopy). J, extremities of the tornotes with slightly rough appearance due to very small spines. K, choanosomal acanthostyles. L, choanosomal and ectosomal acanthostyles (in light microscopy). M, ectosomal acanthostyles. N, arcuate isochelae. O, tornotes (strongyles-like shape) and ectosomal acanthostyles. P, extremities of the tornotes. Q, choanosomal acanthostyles (in light microscopy). R, ectosomal acanthostyles. S, arcuate isochelae. Scale bars: A = 500 µm; B–C = 200 µm; D–G = 100 µm; H = 10 µm; I= 100 µm; J = 10 µm; K–L = 100; M = 50 µm; N = 20 µm; O = 100 µm; P = 10 µm; Q = 100 µm; R = 50 µm; S = 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5572187" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5572187/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="367">Figs. 7N, 7S</figureCitation>
), axis slightly curved, alae rounded and slightly short; distance between opposite front alae, ca. 1/3 (or less) of maximum chelae length: 22–
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF85F67065C7FD89FF7EFDEE" box="[193,242,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="367">25.2</emphasis>
(2.5)–31 µm.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="C9D6D6FEFF85F6706591FB7FFD1EFA8B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5572185" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5572185" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5572185/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="367" startId="14.[151,250,1237,1261]" targetBox="[179,1409,597,1213]" targetPageId="14">
<paragraph id="9D168676FF85F6706591FB7FFD1EFA8B" blockId="14.[151,1437,1237,1369]" pageId="14" pageNumber="367">
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF85F6706591FB7FFE9DFB3E" bold="true" box="[151,273,1237,1261]" pageId="14" pageNumber="367">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="5AA9FDF5FF85F6706411FB7FFC73FB3E" authority="Fernandez, Gastaldi, Thompson &amp; Hajdu" authorityName="Fernandez, Gastaldi, Thompson &amp; Hajdu" authorityYear="2021" box="[279,1023,1237,1261]" class="Demospongiae" family="Crellidae" genus="Crella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="14" pageNumber="367" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="santacruzae" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Pytheas">
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF85F6706411FB7FFEDBFB3E" box="[279,343,1237,1261]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="367">Crella</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF85F6706462FB7FFE38FB3E" box="[356,436,1237,1261]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="367">Pytheas</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF85F67064C7FB7CFDB7FB3E" box="[449,571,1238,1261]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="367">santacruzae</emphasis>
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF85F6706747FB7FFC73FB3E" bold="true" box="[577,1023,1237,1261]" pageId="14" pageNumber="367">Fernandez, Gastaldi, Thompson &amp; Hajdu</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF85F67066F9FB7FFBDBFB3E" bold="true" box="[1023,1111,1237,1261]" pageId="14" pageNumber="367">
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B4EEE71FFF85F670610EFB7FFBDBFB3E" box="[1032,1111,1237,1261]" pageId="14" pageNumber="367" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
: type material preserved (
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF85F670605AFB7FFA02FB3E" bold="true" box="[1372,1422,1237,1261]" pageId="14" pageNumber="367">A–D</emphasis>
).
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF85F6706591FB53FF25FAC2" bold="true" box="[151,169,1273,1297]" pageId="14" pageNumber="367">A</emphasis>
, massive fragment (MNRJ 22479) of the holotype―ZIN 12081 in preservative (ethanol 70%).
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF85F670616AFB53FBF1FAC2" bold="true" box="[1132,1149,1273,1297]" pageId="14" pageNumber="367">B</emphasis>
, Same fragment of holotype turned over.
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF85F6706413FAB7FEABFAE6" bold="true" box="[277,295,1309,1333]" pageId="14" pageNumber="367">C</emphasis>
, massive fragment (MNRJ 22438) of the paratype―ZIN 12082 in preservative (ethanol 70%).
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF85F67061E3FAB7FB7BFAE6" bold="true" box="[1253,1271,1309,1333]" pageId="14" pageNumber="367">D</emphasis>
, Same fragment of paratype turned over. Scale bars:
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF85F6706702FAEBFDBAFA8A" bold="true" box="[516,566,1345,1369]" pageId="14" pageNumber="367">A–D</emphasis>
= 5 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="C9D6D6FEFF85F6706591FA23FAF8FA3A" pageId="14" pageNumber="367" startId="14.[151,239,1417,1441]" targetBox="[166,1415,1528,1850]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="14">
<paragraph id="9D168676FF85F6706591FA23FAF8FA3A" blockId="14.[151,1437,1417,1513]" pageId="14" pageNumber="367">
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF85F6706591FA23FE9CFA72" bold="true" box="[151,272,1417,1441]" pageId="14" pageNumber="367">TABLE 3.</emphasis>
Measurements in micrometer (µm) of spicules of
<taxonomicName id="5AA9FDF5FF85F670665EFA23FE05FA16" authority="Fernandez, Gastaldi, Thompson &amp; Hajdu" authorityName="Fernandez, Gastaldi, Thompson &amp; Hajdu" authorityYear="2021" class="Demospongiae" family="Crellidae" genus="Crella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="14" pageNumber="367" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="santacruzae" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Pytheas">
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF85F670665EFA23FC17FA72" box="[856,923,1417,1441]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="367">Crella</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF85F67066B7FA23FB89FA72" box="[945,1029,1417,1441]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="367">Pytheas</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF85F670611DFA20FB10FA72" box="[1051,1180,1418,1441]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="367">santacruzae</emphasis>
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF85F67061AFFA23FE05FA16" bold="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="367">Fernandez, Gastaldi, Thompson &amp; Hajdu</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF85F670648FFA07FE79FA16" bold="true" box="[393,501,1453,1477]" pageId="14" pageNumber="367">
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B4EEE71FFF85F670649CFA07FE79FA16" box="[410,501,1453,1477]" pageId="14" pageNumber="367" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
Measurements are presented as, minimum–
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF85F67066E3FA04FBB7FA16" box="[997,1083,1454,1477]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="367">average</emphasis>
(standard deviation)–maximum length/minimum–
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF85F6706450FA78FE20FA3A" box="[342,428,1490,1513]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="367">average</emphasis>
(standard deviation)–maximum thickness. For chelae microscleres only length is provided
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="9D168676FF85F67065A0FA53FCD8F8E9" pageId="14" pageNumber="367">
<table id="EFA974D6FF85098165A0FA52FA0BF8E9" box="[166,1415,1528,1850]" colsContinueFrom="6.[166,1421,263,1061]" gridcols="4" gridrows="9" pageId="14" pageNumber="367">
<tr id="23998434FF85098165A0FA52FA0BF9C2" box="[166,1415,1528,1553]" gridrow="0" pageId="14" pageNumber="367">
<th id="6048ED48FF85098165A0FA52FED7F9C2" box="[166,347,1528,1553]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="14" pageNumber="367">Voucher</th>
<th id="6048ED48FF8509816491FA52FDE1F9C2" box="[407,621,1528,1553]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="14" pageNumber="367">
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF85F6706491FA53FE7AF9C2" bold="true" box="[407,502,1529,1553]" pageId="14" pageNumber="367">Tornotes</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="6048ED48FF8509816799FA52FBD8F9C2" box="[671,1108,1528,1553]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="14" pageNumber="367">
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF85F6706799FA52FCBAF9C3" bold="true" box="[671,822,1528,1552]" pageId="14" pageNumber="367">Acanthostyles</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="6048ED48FF8509816190FA52FA0BF9C2" box="[1174,1415,1528,1553]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="14" pageNumber="367">
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF85F6706190FA52FAD8F9C3" bold="true" box="[1174,1364,1528,1552]" pageId="14" pageNumber="367">Arcuate isochelae</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="23998434FF85098165A0F98BFA0BF9EA" box="[166,1415,1569,1593]" gridrow="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="367">
<th id="6048ED48FF85098165A0F98BFED7F9EA" box="[166,347,1569,1593]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="367">ZIN 12081 holo-</th>
<td id="6048ED48FF8509816491F98BFDE1F9EA" box="[407,621,1569,1593]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="367">
392.6–
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF85F67064DBF98BFD9AF9EA" box="[477,534,1569,1593]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="367">486.9</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="6048ED48FF8509816799F98BFBD8F9EA" box="[671,1108,1569,1593]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="367">
choanosomal 434.3–
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF85F6706676F98BFC25F9EA" box="[880,937,1569,1593]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="367">492.7</emphasis>
(36)–562.6/9.1–
</td>
<td id="6048ED48FF8509816190F98BFA0BF9EA" box="[1174,1415,1569,1593]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="367">
21.6–
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF85F67061C9F98BFB77F9EA" box="[1231,1275,1569,1593]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="367">25.2</emphasis>
(2.8)–30.9 (n
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="23998434FF85098165A0F9EFFA0BF98D" box="[166,1415,1605,1630]" gridrow="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="367">
<th id="6048ED48FF85098165A0F9EFFED7F98D" box="[166,347,1605,1630]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="367">type (fragment of</th>
<td id="6048ED48FF8509816491F9EFFDE1F98D" box="[407,621,1605,1630]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="367">
(37)–552.1/7.6–
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF85F670673CF9EFFDEAF98E" box="[570,614,1605,1629]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="367">10.5</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="6048ED48FF8509816799F9EFFBD8F98D" box="[671,1108,1605,1630]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="367">
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF85F6706799F9EFFD45F98E" box="[671,713,1605,1629]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="367">11.6</emphasis>
(1.1)–13.7 (n = 23)
</td>
<td id="6048ED48FF8509816190F9EFFA0BF98D" box="[1174,1415,1605,1630]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="367">= 23)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="23998434FF85098165A0F9C3FA0BF952" box="[166,1415,1641,1665]" gridrow="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="367" rowspan-3="1">
<th id="6048ED48FF85098165A0F9C3FED7F952" box="[166,347,1641,1665]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="367">holotype―MNRJ</th>
<td id="6048ED48FF8509816491F9C3FDE1F952" box="[407,621,1641,1665]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="367">(1)–12.2 (n = 23)</td>
<td id="6048ED48FF8509816799F9C3FBD8F952" box="[671,1108,1641,1665]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="367">
ectosomal 91.9–
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF85F6706643F9C3FCF2F952" box="[837,894,1641,1665]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="367">107.1</emphasis>
(6.1)–117.3/4.2–
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF85F670612BF9C0FBC1F952" box="[1069,1101,1642,1665]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="367">5.5</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="23998434FF85098165A0F927FA0BF976" box="[166,1415,1677,1701]" gridrow="4" pageId="14" pageNumber="367" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-3="1">
<th id="6048ED48FF85098165A0F927FED7F976" box="[166,347,1677,1701]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="14" pageNumber="367">22479)</th>
<td id="6048ED48FF8509816799F927FBD8F976" box="[671,1108,1677,1701]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="14" pageNumber="367">(0.8)–7.1 (n = 23)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="23998434FF85098165A0F91FFA0BF91D" box="[166,1415,1717,1742]" gridrow="5" pageId="14" pageNumber="367">
<th id="6048ED48FF85098165A0F91FFED7F91D" box="[166,347,1717,1742]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="14" pageNumber="367">ZIN 12082 para-</th>
<td id="6048ED48FF8509816491F91FFDE1F91D" box="[407,621,1717,1742]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="14" pageNumber="367">
427.4–
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF85F67064DBF91CFD9AF91D" box="[477,534,1718,1742]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="367">517.7</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="6048ED48FF8509816799F91FFBD8F91D" box="[671,1108,1717,1742]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="14" pageNumber="367">
choanosomal 371.5–
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF85F6706676F91FFC25F91E" box="[880,937,1717,1741]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="367">464.6</emphasis>
(79.4)–553/9.9–
</td>
<td id="6048ED48FF8509816190F91FFA0BF91D" box="[1174,1415,1717,1742]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="14" pageNumber="367">
22.3–
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF85F67061C9F91CFB77F91D" box="[1231,1275,1718,1742]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="367">25.3</emphasis>
(1.6)–28.1 (n
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="23998434FF85098165A0F973FA0BF921" box="[166,1415,1753,1778]" gridrow="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="367">
<th id="6048ED48FF85098165A0F973FED7F921" box="[166,347,1753,1778]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="367">type (fragment of</th>
<td id="6048ED48FF8509816491F973FDE1F921" box="[407,621,1753,1778]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="367">
(41.6)–576.1/7.8–
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF85F670674BF970FDE1F921" box="[589,621,1754,1778]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="367">9.8</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="6048ED48FF8509816799F973FBD8F921" box="[671,1108,1753,1778]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="367">
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF85F6706799F970FD45F921" box="[671,713,1754,1778]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="367">11.4</emphasis>
(1.1)–13.5 (n = 23)
</td>
<td id="6048ED48FF8509816190F973FA0BF921" box="[1174,1415,1753,1778]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="367">= 12)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="23998434FF85098165A0F957FA0BF8C5" box="[166,1415,1789,1814]" gridrow="7" pageId="14" pageNumber="367" rowspan-3="1">
<th id="6048ED48FF85098165A0F957FED7F8C5" box="[166,347,1789,1814]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="14" pageNumber="367">paratype―MNRJ</th>
<td id="6048ED48FF8509816491F957FDE1F8C5" box="[407,621,1789,1814]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="14" pageNumber="367">(0.9)–11.4 (n = 23)</td>
<td id="6048ED48FF8509816799F957FBD8F8C5" box="[671,1108,1789,1814]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="14" pageNumber="367">
ectosomal 95.3–
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF85F6706643F957FCF2F8C6" box="[837,894,1789,1813]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="367">109.6</emphasis>
(8.6)–121.7/4.3–
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF85F6706128F954FBC2F8C5" box="[1070,1102,1790,1814]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="367">5.2</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="23998434FF85098165A0F888FA0BF8E9" box="[166,1415,1826,1850]" gridrow="8" pageId="14" pageNumber="367" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-3="1">
<th id="6048ED48FF85098165A0F888FED7F8E9" box="[166,347,1826,1850]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="14" pageNumber="367">22438)</th>
<td id="6048ED48FF8509816799F888FBD8F8E9" box="[671,1108,1826,1850]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="14" pageNumber="367">(0.7)–6.8 (n = 10)</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<subSubSection id="D5B3D5FDFF85F67065C1F8C3FE6FF823" pageId="14" pageNumber="367" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="9D168676FF85F67065C1F8C3FE6FF823" blockId="14.[151,1437,1897,2032]" pageId="14" pageNumber="367">
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF85F67065C1F8C3FEA0F850" bold="true" box="[199,300,1897,1923]" pageId="14" pageNumber="367">Ecology.</emphasis>
Deep sea species occurring with a diverse set of other sponges:
<taxonomicName id="5AA9FDF5FF85F6706119F8C3FB62F857" box="[1055,1262,1897,1924]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Hymeniacidon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="14" pageNumber="367" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF85F6706119F8C3FB4EF850" box="[1055,1218,1897,1923]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="367">Hymeniacidon</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="5AA9FDF5FF85F67061F8F8C0FF35F87B" class="Demospongiae" family="Myxillidae" genus="Hymenancora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="14" pageNumber="367" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF85F67061F8F8C0FA11F850" box="[1278,1437,1898,1923]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="367">Hymenancora</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="5AA9FDF5FF85F67065CFF827FEC9F87B" box="[201,325,1933,1960]" class="Demospongiae" family="Acarnidae" genus="Iophon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="14" pageNumber="367" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF85F67065CFF827FE94F874" box="[201,280,1933,1959]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="367">Iophon</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="5AA9FDF5FF85F6706453F824FD88F87B" box="[341,516,1934,1960]" class="Demospongiae" family="Esperiopsidae" genus="Esperiopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="14" pageNumber="367" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF85F6706453F824FE54F874" box="[341,472,1934,1959]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="367">Esperiopsis</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="5AA9FDF5FF85F6706712F827FD2CF87B" box="[532,672,1933,1960]" class="Demospongiae" family="Hymedesmiidae" genus="Phorbas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="14" pageNumber="367" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF85F6706712F827FDFFF874" box="[532,627,1933,1959]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="367">Phorbas</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="5AA9FDF5FF85F67067B6F827FCB9F87B" box="[688,821,1933,1960]" class="Demospongiae" family="Tedaniidae" genus="Tedania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="14" pageNumber="367" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF85F67067B6F827FC85F874" box="[688,777,1933,1959]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="367">Tedania</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="5AA9FDF5FF85F6706640F827FC65F874" authorityName="Topsent" authorityYear="1922" box="[838,1001,1933,1959]" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="14" pageNumber="367" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Latrunculiidae</taxonomicName>
sp.,
<taxonomicName id="5AA9FDF5FF85F6706123F827FB2CF874" authorityName="Dendy" authorityYear="1922" box="[1061,1184,1933,1959]" class="Demospongiae" family="Myxillidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="14" pageNumber="367" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Myxillidae</taxonomicName>
sp.,
<taxonomicName id="5AA9FDF5FF85F67061DBF827FAE7F874" authorityName="Lendenfeld" authorityYear="1898" box="[1245,1387,1933,1959]" class="Demospongiae" family="Stelligeridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Axinellida" pageId="14" pageNumber="367" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Stelligeridae</taxonomicName>
sp., Haplosclerida sp.,
<taxonomicName id="5AA9FDF5FF85F6706476F81BFE6FF818" authorityName="Chombard &amp; Boury-Esnault" authorityYear="1999" box="[368,483,1969,1995]" class="Demospongiae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Suberitida" pageId="14" pageNumber="367" phylum="Porifera" rank="order">Suberitida</taxonomicName>
sp., Hexactinellida sp. The
<quantity id="5A512B93FF85F6706629F81BFCF6F81F" box="[815,890,1969,1996]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" pageId="14" pageNumber="367" unit="m" value="750.0">750 m</quantity>
deep isobath is situated in the domains of the Antarctic Intermediate Water.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="C9D6D6FEFF84F6716591F9D9FC99F820" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5572187" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5572187" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5572187/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="368" startId="15.[151,250,1651,1675]" targetBox="[208,1378,181,1627]" targetPageId="15">
<paragraph id="9D168676FF84F6716591F9D9FC99F820" blockId="15.[151,1437,1651,2035]" pageId="15" pageNumber="368">
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF84F6716591F9D9FE98F958" bold="true" box="[151,276,1651,1675]" pageId="15" pageNumber="368">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="5AA9FDF5FF84F671641DF9D9FB9EF958" authority="Fernandez, Gastaldi, Thompson &amp; Hajdu" authorityName="Fernandez, Gastaldi, Thompson &amp; Hajdu" authorityYear="2021" box="[283,1042,1651,1675]" class="Demospongiae" family="Crellidae" genus="Crella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="15" pageNumber="368" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="santacruzae" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Pytheas">
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF84F671641DF9D9FED7F958" box="[283,347,1651,1675]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="368">Crella</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF84F671646CF9D9FE36F958" box="[362,442,1651,1675]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="368">Pytheas</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF84F67164CCF9DEFDC8F958" box="[458,580,1652,1675]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="368">santacruzae</emphasis>
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF84F671674DF9D9FB9EF958" bold="true" box="[587,1042,1651,1675]" pageId="15" pageNumber="368">Fernandez, Gastaldi, Thompson &amp; Hajdu</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF84F6716114F9D9FBE3F958" bold="true" box="[1042,1135,1651,1675]" pageId="15" pageNumber="368">
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B4EEE71FFF84F671611BF9D9FBE3F958" box="[1053,1135,1651,1675]" pageId="15" pageNumber="368" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
: skeleton (
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF84F67161E7F9D9FA83F958" bold="true" box="[1249,1295,1651,1675]" pageId="15" pageNumber="368">A–F</emphasis>
) and spicules (
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF84F67165A6F93DFF42F97C" bold="true" box="[160,206,1687,1711]" pageId="15" pageNumber="368">G–S</emphasis>
, in SEM and light microscopy) of the holotype―ZIN 12081 (
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF84F671664AF93DFCD2F97C" bold="true" box="[844,862,1687,1711]" pageId="15" pageNumber="368">A</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF84F671666AF93DFC10F97C" bold="true" box="[876,924,1687,1711]" pageId="15" pageNumber="368">D–E</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF84F67166AFF93DFC57F97C" bold="true" box="[937,987,1687,1711]" pageId="15" pageNumber="368">G–N</emphasis>
) and paratype―ZIN 12082 (
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF84F6716001F93DFA01F97C" bold="true" box="[1287,1421,1687,1711]" pageId="15" pageNumber="368">B–C, F, O–S</emphasis>
).
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF84F6716591F911FF25F900" bold="true" box="[151,169,1723,1747]" pageId="15" pageNumber="368">A</emphasis>
, transverse section.
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF84F6716484F911FE1FF900" bold="true" box="[386,403,1723,1747]" pageId="15" pageNumber="368">B</emphasis>
, transverse section.
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF84F671676AF911FDF2F900" bold="true" box="[620,638,1723,1747]" pageId="15" pageNumber="368">C</emphasis>
, transverse section (another section).
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF84F6716116F911FBAEF900" bold="true" box="[1040,1058,1723,1747]" pageId="15" pageNumber="368">D</emphasis>
, tornotes in bouquet and ectosomal acanthostyles scattered and making a continuous layer at the ectosomal region.
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF84F6716104F975FB9FF924" bold="true" box="[1026,1043,1759,1783]" pageId="15" pageNumber="368">E</emphasis>
, bouquet of tornotes and ectosomal acanthostyles.
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF84F671642DF8A9FEB6F8C8" bold="true" box="[299,314,1795,1819]" pageId="15" pageNumber="368">F</emphasis>
, tornotes in bundles and ectosomal acanthostyles at the ectosomal region.
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF84F6716125F8A9FBBBF8C8" bold="true" box="[1059,1079,1795,1819]" pageId="15" pageNumber="368">G</emphasis>
, tornotes (strongyle-like shape).
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF84F6716084F8A9FA1AF8C8" bold="true" box="[1410,1430,1795,1819]" pageId="15" pageNumber="368">H</emphasis>
, extremities of the tornotes.
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF84F67164B7F88DFE37F8EC" bold="true" box="[433,443,1831,1855]" pageId="15" pageNumber="368">I</emphasis>
, tornotes (in light microscopy).
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF84F6716601F88DFC98F8EC" bold="true" box="[775,788,1831,1855]" pageId="15" pageNumber="368">J</emphasis>
, extremities of the tornotes with slightly rough appearance due to very small spines.
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF84F6716473F8E1FE05F8B0" bold="true" box="[373,393,1867,1891]" pageId="15" pageNumber="368">K</emphasis>
, choanosomal acanthostyles.
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF84F67167BAF8E1FD41F8B0" bold="true" box="[700,717,1867,1891]" pageId="15" pageNumber="368">L</emphasis>
, choanosomal and ectosomal acanthostyles (in light microscopy).
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF84F6716078F8E1FA1AF8B0" bold="true" box="[1406,1430,1867,1891]" pageId="15" pageNumber="368">M</emphasis>
, ectosomal acanthostyles.
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF84F671649DF8C5FE21F854" bold="true" box="[411,429,1903,1927]" pageId="15" pageNumber="368">N</emphasis>
, arcuate isochelae.
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF84F6716770F8C5FD06F854" bold="true" box="[630,650,1903,1927]" pageId="15" pageNumber="368">O</emphasis>
, tornotes (strongyles-like shape) and ectosomal acanthostyles.
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF84F6716009F8C5FA92F854" bold="true" box="[1295,1310,1903,1927]" pageId="15" pageNumber="368">P</emphasis>
, extremities of the tornotes.
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF84F671643AF839FEDCF878" bold="true" box="[316,336,1939,1963]" pageId="15" pageNumber="368">Q</emphasis>
, choanosomal acanthostyles (in light microscopy).
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF84F6716662F839FCFAF878" bold="true" box="[868,886,1939,1963]" pageId="15" pageNumber="368">R</emphasis>
, ectosomal acanthostyles.
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF84F671618DF839FB15F878" bold="true" box="[1163,1177,1939,1963]" pageId="15" pageNumber="368">S</emphasis>
, arcuate isochelae. Scale bars:
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF84F67165C9F81DFF6DF81C" bold="true" box="[207,225,1975,1999]" pageId="15" pageNumber="368">A</emphasis>
= 500 µm;
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF84F671645CF81DFE06F81C" bold="true" box="[346,394,1975,1999]" pageId="15" pageNumber="368">B–C</emphasis>
= 200 µm;
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF84F6716704F81DFDB9F81C" bold="true" box="[514,565,1975,1999]" pageId="15" pageNumber="368">D–G</emphasis>
= 100 µm;
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF84F67167ABF81DFD4DF81C" bold="true" box="[685,705,1975,1999]" pageId="15" pageNumber="368">H</emphasis>
= 10 µm;
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF84F671662BF81DFCBBF81C" bold="true" box="[813,823,1975,1999]" pageId="15" pageNumber="368">I</emphasis>
= 100 µm;
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF84F67166AEF81DFC39F81C" bold="true" box="[936,949,1975,1999]" pageId="15" pageNumber="368">J</emphasis>
= 10 µm;
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF84F6716127F81DFBDDF81C" bold="true" box="[1057,1105,1975,1999]" pageId="15" pageNumber="368">K–L</emphasis>
= 100;
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF84F67161A7F81DFB35F81C" bold="true" box="[1185,1209,1975,1999]" pageId="15" pageNumber="368">M</emphasis>
= 50 µm;
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF84F6716023F81DFABBF81C" bold="true" box="[1317,1335,1975,1999]" pageId="15" pageNumber="368">N</emphasis>
= 20 µm;
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF84F6716591F871FF27F820" bold="true" box="[151,171,2011,2035]" pageId="15" pageNumber="368">O</emphasis>
= 100 µm;
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF84F6716424F871FEBDF820" bold="true" box="[290,305,2011,2035]" pageId="15" pageNumber="368">P</emphasis>
= 10 µm;
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF84F671649AF871FE3CF820" bold="true" box="[412,432,2011,2035]" pageId="15" pageNumber="368">Q</emphasis>
= 100 µm;
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF84F6716720F871FDB4F820" bold="true" box="[550,568,2011,2035]" pageId="15" pageNumber="368">R</emphasis>
= 50 µm;
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF84F67167A5F871FD3DF820" bold="true" box="[675,689,2011,2035]" pageId="15" pageNumber="368">S</emphasis>
= 20 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="D5B3D5FDFF9BF66E65C1FF3CFB5CFF62" box="[199,1232,150,177]" pageId="16" pageNumber="369" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="9D168676FF9BF66E65C1FF3CFB5CFF62" blockId="16.[151,1437,150,753]" box="[199,1232,150,177]" pageId="16" pageNumber="369">
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF9BF66E65C1FF3CFEEDFF63" bold="true" box="[199,353,150,176]" pageId="16" pageNumber="369">Distribution.</emphasis>
Known only from its
<typeStatus id="421238D4FF9BF66E675FFF3DFD05FF62" box="[601,649,151,177]" pageId="16" pageNumber="369">type</typeStatus>
locality, in the deep south-western Atlantic (
<figureCitation id="05929AF3FF9BF66E6178FF3DFB33FF62" box="[1150,1215,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1490,1514]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1465]" captionTargetId="figure-31@2.[151,1435,181,1465]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Map of collection points. A, southern South America and arrow pointing to 1—off Santa Cruz province, Argentina Sea. B, Desventuradas Archipelago and arrow pointing to 2—San Ambrosio Island. C, Chiloé Island and Corcovado Gulf showing zoomed out to D (arrows ponting to 3—Puñihuil, Cocotue bay, 4—Duahatao and 5—Metalqui Island) and zoomed in to E (arrow pointing to 6—Rada Negra, Palvitad fjord). Scale bars: A = 500 km; B = 10 km; C = 20 km; D–E = 5km. Map from Google Earth." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5572171" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5572171/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="369">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D5B3D5FDFF9BF66E65C1FF11FDB5FF2A" pageId="16" pageNumber="369" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="9D168676FF9BF66E65C1FF11FDB5FF2A" blockId="16.[151,1437,150,753]" pageId="16" pageNumber="369">
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF9BF66E65C1FF11FEC2FF06" bold="true" box="[199,334,187,213]" pageId="16" pageNumber="369">Etymology.</emphasis>
The name ‘santacruzae’ is a reference to
<collectingCountry id="E5BEC6E6FF9BF66E6629FF11FC4BFF06" box="[815,967,187,213]" name="Argentina" pageId="16" pageNumber="369">the Argentine</collectingCountry>
province
<collectingRegion id="5F6D4894FF9BF66E613AFF11FB30FF06" box="[1084,1212,187,213]" country="Argentina" name="Santa Cruz" pageId="16" pageNumber="369">Santa Cruz</collectingRegion>
, off which the
<typeStatus id="421238D4FF9BF66E606AFF11FA10FF06" box="[1388,1436,187,213]" pageId="16" pageNumber="369">type</typeStatus>
locality of the new species is located.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D5B3D5FDFF9BF66E65C1FEA9FE6DFD22" pageId="16" pageNumber="369" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="9D168676FF9BF66E65C1FEA9FCF4FEB6" blockId="16.[151,1437,150,753]" pageId="16" pageNumber="369">
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF9BF66E65C1FEA9FEB7FECE" bold="true" box="[199,315,259,285]" pageId="16" pageNumber="369">Remarks.</emphasis>
The new deep-waters southwestern Atlantic species is set apart from both new shallow-waters southeastern Pacific species described above, mainly in having a single category of choanosomal acanthostyles, much larger than those observed in both Pacific species (
<tableCitation id="D02BB3CDFF9BF66E6615FEE1FCE7FEB6" box="[787,875,331,357]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="9.[150,238,464,490]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="TABLE 2. Distribution, bathymetry (m), characters (external and skeletal features) and measurements of spicules (μm) of all known species of Crella (Pytheas) Topsent, 1890. Measurements are presented as, minimum–average (standard deviation)–maximum length/minimum–average (standard deviation)–maximum thickness, unless stated otherwise. For chelae microscleres only length is provided, and for sigmas length and thickness. Range of measurements and/or average and/or standard deviation for some species are absent from the literature. Codes throughout the table: * (absent),? (no information), ‘ ’ (according to original description), “ ” (our opinion)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/C9D6D6FEFF82F6776590FE7AF9A1FD85" pageId="16" pageNumber="369" tableUuid="C9D6D6FEFF82F6776590FE7AF9A1FD85">Table 2</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D168676FF9BF66E65C1FEC5FE6DFD22" blockId="16.[151,1437,150,753]" pageId="16" pageNumber="369">
Among additional
<taxonomicName id="5AA9FDF5FF9BF66E64A2FEC5FDEEFE5A" authority="" authorityName="Topsent" authorityYear="1890" box="[420,610,367,393]" class="Demospongiae" family="Crellidae" genus="Crella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="16" pageNumber="369" phylum="Porifera" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Pytheas">
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF9BF66E64A2FEC5FE67FE5A" box="[420,491,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="369">Crella</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF9BF66E6706FEC5FDD5FE5A" box="[512,601,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="369">Pytheas</emphasis>
)
</taxonomicName>
spp., three appear close to
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF9BF66E66B5FEC5FC41FE5A" box="[947,973,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="369">C.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF9BF66E66E5FEC5FC78FE5B" box="[995,1012,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="369">P</emphasis>
)
<taxonomicName id="5AA9FDF5FF9BF66E610FFEC5FE04FE7F" authority="Fernandez, Gastaldi, Thompson &amp; Hajdu" authorityName="Fernandez, Gastaldi, Thompson &amp; Hajdu" authorityYear="2021" class="Demospongiae" family="Crellidae" genus="Crella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="16" pageNumber="369" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="santacruzae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF9BF66E610FFEC5FB1CFE5B" box="[1033,1168,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="369">santacruzae</emphasis>
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF9BF66E619BFEC5FE04FE7F" bold="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="369">Fernandez, Gastaldi, Thompson &amp; Hajdu</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF9BF66E648EFE38FE60FE7E" bold="true" box="[392,492,402,429]" pageId="16" pageNumber="369">
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B4EEE71FFF9BF66E6492FE39FE60FE7E" box="[404,492,403,429]" pageId="16" pageNumber="369" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
:
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF9BF66E64FCFE39FDADFE7F" box="[506,545,403,428]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="369">viz.</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName id="5AA9FDF5FF9BF66E672BFE39FBC7FE7E" authority="Burton, 1931" authorityName="Burton" authorityYear="1931" box="[557,1099,403,429]" class="Demospongiae" family="Crellidae" genus="Crella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="16" pageNumber="369" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="basispinosa" subGenus="Pytheas">
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF9BF66E672BFE39FDCBFE7E" box="[557,583,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="369">C.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF9BF66E6751FE39FDE0FE7F" box="[599,620,403,428]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="369">P.</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF9BF66E677DFE39FD73FE7E" box="[635,767,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="369">basispinosa</emphasis>
Burton, 1931 (
<bibRefCitation id="F938FB87FF9BF66E66A3FE39FBCFFE7E" author="Burton, M." box="[933,1091,403,429]" pageId="16" pageNumber="369" pagination="1 - 8" refId="ref16019" refString="Burton, M. (1931 a) The Folden Fiord. Report on the sponges collected by Mr. Soot-Ryven in the Folden Fiord in the year 1923. TromsO Museum Skrifter, 1, 1 - 8." type="journal article" year="1931">Burton 1931a</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, from
<collectingCountry id="E5BEC6E6FF9BF66E6195FE39FB62FE7E" box="[1171,1262,403,429]" name="Norway" pageId="16" pageNumber="369">Norway</collectingCountry>
,
<taxonomicName id="5AA9FDF5FF9BF66E61FEFE39FEB6FE02" authority="(Dendy, 1924)" baseAuthorityName="Dendy" baseAuthorityYear="1924" class="Demospongiae" family="Crellidae" genus="Crella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="16" pageNumber="369" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="fristedti" subGenus="Pytheas">
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF9BF66E61FEFE39FA9EFE7E" box="[1272,1298,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="369">C.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF9BF66E6027FE39FABAFE7F" box="[1313,1334,403,428]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="369">P.</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF9BF66E6043FE39FA10FE7E" box="[1349,1436,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="369">fristedti</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="F938FB87FF9BF66E6599FE1DFEBEFE02" author="Dendy, A." box="[159,306,439,465]" pageId="16" pageNumber="369" pagination="269 - 392" refId="ref16949" refString="Dendy, A. (1924) Porifera. Part I. Non-Antarctic sponges. Natural History Report. British Antarctic (Terra Nova) Expedition, 1910, Zoology, 6 (3), 269 - 392. [pls. I - XV]" type="journal article" year="1924">Dendy, 1924</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, and C. (P.)
<taxonomicName id="5AA9FDF5FF9BF66E64B8FE1DFC45FE02" authority="(Bergquist &amp; Fromont, 1988)" baseAuthorityName="Bergquist &amp; Fromont" baseAuthorityYear="1988" box="[446,969,439,465]" class="Demospongiae" family="Crellidae" genus="Crella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="16" pageNumber="369" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="novaezealandiae">
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF9BF66E64B8FE1DFDF6FE02" box="[446,634,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="369">novaezealandiae</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="F938FB87FF9BF66E678EFE1DFC4CFE02" author="Bergquist, P. R. &amp; Fromont, P. J." box="[648,960,439,465]" pageId="16" pageNumber="369" pagination="1 - 197" refId="ref15653" refString="Bergquist, P. R. &amp; Fromont, P. J. (1988) The Marine Fauna of New Zealand: Porifera, Demospongiae, Part 4 (Poecilosclerida). New Zealand Oceanographic Institute Memoir, 96, 1 - 197." type="journal article" year="1988">Bergquist &amp; Fromont, 1988</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, from
<collectingCountry id="E5BEC6E6FF9BF66E6116FE1DFB29FE02" box="[1040,1189,439,465]" name="New Zealand" pageId="16" pageNumber="369">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
(
<tableCitation id="D02BB3CDFF9BF66E61B4FE1DFA84FE02" box="[1202,1288,439,465]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="14.[151,239,1417,1441]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="TABLE 3. Measurements in micrometer (µm) of spicules of Crella (Pytheas) santacruzae Fernandez, Gastaldi, Thompson &amp; Hajdu, sp. nov. Measurements are presented as, minimum–average (standard deviation)–maximum length/minimum–average (standard deviation)–maximum thickness. For chelae microscleres only length is provided" pageId="16" pageNumber="369">Table 3</tableCitation>
). These three species have large, paucispined acanthostyles similar to those of the new species. Moreover,
<taxonomicName id="5AA9FDF5FF9BF66E61C2FE71FA10FE26" authorityName="Burton" authorityYear="1931" box="[1220,1436,475,501]" class="Demospongiae" family="Crellidae" genus="Crella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="16" pageNumber="369" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="basispinosa" subGenus="Pytheas">
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF9BF66E61C2FE71FB52FE26" box="[1220,1246,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="369">C.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF9BF66E61F7FE71FA8AFE27" box="[1265,1286,475,500]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="369">P.</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF9BF66E601EFE71FA10FE26" box="[1304,1436,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="369">basispinosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has subtylote to strongyloid tornotes that also approach the condition seen in
<taxonomicName id="5AA9FDF5FF9BF66E610EFE55FE71FDEF" authority="Fernandez, Gastaldi, Thompson &amp; Hajdu" authorityName="Fernandez, Gastaldi, Thompson &amp; Hajdu" authorityYear="2021" class="Demospongiae" family="Crellidae" genus="Crella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="16" pageNumber="369" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="santacruzae" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Pytheas">
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF9BF66E610EFE55FBC3FDCA" box="[1032,1103,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="369">Crella</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF9BF66E6166FE55FBF9FDCB" box="[1120,1141,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="369">P.</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF9BF66E6180FE55FA81FDCB" box="[1158,1293,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="369">santacruzae</emphasis>
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF9BF66E6010FE55FE71FDEF" bold="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="369">Fernandez, Gastaldi, Thompson &amp; Hajdu</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF9BF66E64FBFD88FDEEFDEE" bold="true" box="[509,610,546,573]" pageId="16" pageNumber="369">
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B4EEE71FFF9BF66E670FFD89FDEEFDEE" box="[521,610,547,573]" pageId="16" pageNumber="369" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
Yet, the new species con be distinguished from
<taxonomicName id="5AA9FDF5FF9BF66E617BFD89FADCFDEE" authorityName="Burton" authorityYear="1931" box="[1149,1360,547,573]" class="Demospongiae" family="Crellidae" genus="Crella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="16" pageNumber="369" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="basispinosa" subGenus="Pytheas">
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF9BF66E617BFD89FB1BFDEE" box="[1149,1175,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="369">C.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF9BF66E61A1FD89FB30FDEF" box="[1191,1212,547,572]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="369">P.</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF9BF66E61CAFD89FADCFDEE" box="[1228,1360,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="369">basispinosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the smaller length of its ectosomal acanthostyles (92–122 µm long vs. 250 µm, respectively), from
<taxonomicName id="5AA9FDF5FF9BF66E61D7FDEDFAF4FDB2" baseAuthorityName="Dendy" baseAuthorityYear="1924" box="[1233,1400,583,609]" class="Demospongiae" family="Crellidae" genus="Crella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="16" pageNumber="369" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="fristedti" subGenus="Pytheas">
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF9BF66E61D7FDEDFB67FDB2" box="[1233,1259,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="369">C.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF9BF66E61FAFDEDFA9DFDB3" box="[1276,1297,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="369">P.</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF9BF66E6027FDEDFAF4FDB2" box="[1313,1400,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="369">fristedti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by larger and stouter ectosomal diactines (393–576/7.6–12.2 µm vs. 212–242/3–4.5 µm, respectively), and from
<taxonomicName id="5AA9FDF5FF9BF66E6053FDC1FEDFFD7A" baseAuthorityName="Bergquist &amp; Fromont" baseAuthorityYear="1988" class="Demospongiae" family="Crellidae" genus="Crella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="16" pageNumber="369" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="novaezealandiae" subGenus="Pytheas">
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF9BF66E6053FDC1FAE3FD56" box="[1365,1391,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="369">C.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF9BF66E6078FDC1FA18FD57" box="[1406,1428,619,644]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="369">P.</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF9BF66E6591FD25FEDFFD7A" box="[151,339,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="369">novaezealandiae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by larger ectosomal diactines (393–576 µm vs. 240–300 µm, respectively) and chelae (22–31 µm vs. 11–20 µm, respectively). Furthermore, the immense distances between the areas of occurrence of these species make conspecificity unlikely.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

497
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<mods:title id="A0B606CF24D62BD34EF89F3101D71463">New species of Crella (Pytheas) Topsent, 1890 and Crellomima Rezvoi, 1925 (Crellidae, Poecilosclerida, Demospongiae) from Chilean shallow and Argentinean deep waters, with a synthesis on the known phylogenetic relationships of crellid sponges</mods:title>
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<treatment id="15003760FF88F67B6591FDCDFE49FEB6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5572181" ID-GBIF-Taxon="189005002" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5572181" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:15003760FF88F67B6591FDCDFE49FEB6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/15003760FF88F67B6591FDCDFE49FEB6" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="357" pageId="3" pageNumber="356">
<subSubSection id="D5B3D5FDFF88F67D6591FDCDFE3BFD76" pageId="3" pageNumber="356" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="9D168676FF88F67D6591FDCDFBACFD52" blockId="3.[151,1056,615,677]" box="[151,1056,615,642]" pageId="3" pageNumber="356">
<heading id="C65E311AFF88F67D6591FDCDFBACFD52" bold="true" box="[151,1056,615,642]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="356" reason="1">
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF88F67D6591FDCDFBACFD52" bold="true" box="[151,1056,615,642]" pageId="3" pageNumber="356">
<taxonomicName id="5AA9FDF5FF88F67D6591FDCDFC39FD52" ID-CoL="8RVQ2" authority="Fernandez, Gastaldi, Pardo &amp; Hajdu" authorityName="Fernandez, Gastaldi, Pardo &amp; Hajdu" authorityYear="2021" box="[151,949,615,642]" class="Demospongiae" family="Crellidae" genus="Crella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="3" pageNumber="356" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="chiloensis" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Pytheas">
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF88F67D6591FDCDFF6EFD51" bold="true" box="[151,226,615,642]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="356">Crella</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF88F67D65F5FDCDFEDEFD51" bold="true" box="[243,338,615,642]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="356">Pytheas</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF88F67D6465FDCDFE50FD51" bold="true" box="[355,476,615,642]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="356">chiloensis</emphasis>
Fernandez, Gastaldi, Pardo &amp; Hajdu
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B4EEE71FFF88F67D66C4FDCDFBACFD52" box="[962,1056,615,641]" pageId="3" pageNumber="356" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D168676FF88F67D6591FD21FE3BFD76" blockId="3.[151,1056,615,677]" box="[151,439,651,677]" pageId="3" pageNumber="356">
(
<tableCitation id="D02BB3CDFF88F67D6599FD21FE91FD76" box="[159,285,651,677]" captionStart-0="TABLE 1" captionStart-1="TABLE 2" captionStartId-0="6.[151,239,151,175]" captionStartId-1="9.[150,238,464,490]" captionTargetPageId-0="6" captionTargetPageId-1="9" captionText-0="TABLE 1. Measurements in micrometer (µm) of spicules of Crella (Pytheas) chiloensis Fernandez, Gastaldi, Pardo &amp; Hajdu, sp. nov. Measurements are presented as, minimum–average (standard deviation)–maximum length/minimum– average (standard deviation)–maximum thickness. For chelae microscleres only length is provided." captionText-1="TABLE 2. Distribution, bathymetry (m), characters (external and skeletal features) and measurements of spicules (μm) of all known species of Crella (Pytheas) Topsent, 1890. Measurements are presented as, minimum–average (standard deviation)–maximum length/minimum–average (standard deviation)–maximum thickness, unless stated otherwise. For chelae microscleres only length is provided, and for sigmas length and thickness. Range of measurements and/or average and/or standard deviation for some species are absent from the literature. Codes throughout the table: * (absent),? (no information), ‘ ’ (according to original description), “ ” (our opinion)." httpUri-0="http://table.plazi.org/id/C9D6D6FEFF8DF6786591FF3DFB31FF24" httpUri-1="http://table.plazi.org/id/C9D6D6FEFF82F6776590FE7AF9A1FD85" pageId="3" pageNumber="356" tableUuid-0="C9D6D6FEFF8DF6786591FF3DFB31FF24" tableUuid-1="C9D6D6FEFF82F6776590FE7AF9A1FD85">Tables 1–2</tableCitation>
;
<figureCitation id="05929AF3FF88F67D642FFD21FE23FD76" box="[297,431,651,677]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 2" captionStart-1="FIGURE 3" captionStartId-0="4.[151,250,1425,1449]" captionStartId-1="5.[151,250,1670,1694]" captionTargetBox-0="[153,1434,453,1402]" captionTargetBox-1="[161,1426,381,1646]" captionTargetId-0="figure-167@4.[153,1434,453,1402]" captionTargetId-1="figure-115@5.[161,1426,381,1646]" captionTargetPageId-0="4" captionTargetPageId-1="5" captionText-0="FIGURE 2. Crella (Pytheas) chiloensis Fernandez, Gastaldi, Pardo &amp; Hajdu, sp. nov.: type material in life and preserved (A–F). A, massive specimen in life (holotype—IZUA-POR 170). B, another massive specimen in life (paratype—MNRJ 16989). C–F, holotype in preservative (ethanol 70%) showing whole body (C), a membrane at the surface (indicated by arrow) (D), small oscules (indicated by arrow) (E) and pore sieves (F). Scale bars: A–C= 1 cm; D–E = 1 mm; F = 0.5 mm." captionText-1="FIGURE 3. Crella (Pytheas) chiloensis Fernandez, Gastaldi, Pardo &amp; Hajdu, sp. nov.: skeleton of the holotype―IZUA- POR 170 (A–D) and spicules of the holotype (E–J, in SEM) and paratype―MNRJ 16989 (K–P, in SEM). A, transverse section. B, ectosomal region with bundles of tornotes and choanosomal region with tracts of tornotes echinated by choanosomal acanthostyles I and II. C, detail of the ectosomal region with tornotes disposed in a perpendicular arrangement and ectosomal acanthostyles scattered. D, choanosomal acanthostyles I and II echinating the base of the skeleton and a spongin fiber, and a few ectosomal acanthostyles scattered. E, tornotes. F, extremities of the tornotes. G, choanosomal acanthostyles I. H, choanosomal acanthostyles II. I, ectosomal acanthostyles and acanthoxeas (in right). J, arcuate isochelae. K, tornotes. L, extremities of the tornotes. M, choanosomal acanthostyles I. N, choanosomal acanthostyles II. O, ectosomal acanthostyles III. P, arcuate isochelae. Scale bars: A = 500 µm; B = 150 µm; C–D = 50 µm; E = 20 µm; F = 5 µm; G–I = 20 µm; J = 5 µm; K = 20 µm; L= 5 µm; M–O = 20 µm; P = 5 µm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5572173" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5572177" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/5572173/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/5572177/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="356">Figures 2–3</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D5B3D5FDFF88F67D6591FD67FA87FC6C" pageId="3" pageNumber="356" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="9D168676FF88F67D6591FD67FC37FD34" blockId="3.[151,1437,716,2039]" box="[151,955,716,743]" pageId="3" pageNumber="356">
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<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF88F67D6591FD67FEBAFD35" bold="true" box="[151,310,716,743]" pageId="3" pageNumber="356">
<typeStatus id="421238D4FF88F67D6591FD67FF5EFD34" box="[151,210,717,743]" pageId="3" pageNumber="356">Type</typeStatus>
locality.
</emphasis>
Isla
<location id="9876D0ADFF88F67D646AFD66FE58FD35" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:15003760FF88F67B6591FDCDFE49FEB6:9876D0ADFF88F67D646AFD66FE58FD35" box="[364,468,716,742]" country="Chile" latitude="-42.194992" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-74.14436" name="Metalqui" pageId="3" pageNumber="356">Metalqui</location>
,
<collectingCountry id="E5BEC6E6FF88F67D64D9FD66FD90FD35" box="[479,540,716,742]" name="Chile" pageId="3" pageNumber="356">Chile</collectingCountry>
(-
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, -
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)
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.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D168676FF88F67D65C1FD5AFA87FC6C" blockId="3.[151,1437,716,2039]" pageId="3" pageNumber="356">
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF88F67D65C1FD5AFE3EFCD9" bold="true" box="[199,434,752,778]" pageId="3" pageNumber="356">Material examined.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="2DC18C2BFF88F67D64BCFD5AFA14FCFD" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3387218301" collectingDate="2012-11-15" collectionCode="MNRJ" collectorName="L. M. Pardo &amp; Fragment" country="Chile" elevation="15" latitude="-42.194992" location="Metalqui" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-74.14436" municipality="Western Chiloe Island" pageId="3" pageNumber="356" specimenCode="IZUA-POR 170, MNRJ 16993" specimenCount="2" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="421238D4FF88F67D64BCFD5AFDAEFCD9" box="[442,546,752,778]" pageId="3" pageNumber="356" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF88F67D6724FD5BFDB2FCD8" bold="true" box="[546,574,753,779]" pageId="3" pageNumber="356">—</emphasis>
<specimenCode id="CD0F2E0DFF88F67D6738FD5BFD79FCD8" box="[574,757,753,779]" collectionCode="IZUA-POR" pageId="3" pageNumber="356">IZUA-POR 170</specimenCode>
, Isla
<location id="9876D0ADFF88F67D6635FD5AFC17FCD9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:15003760FF88F67B6591FDCDFE49FEB6:9876D0ADFF88F67D6635FD5AFC17FCD9" box="[819,923,752,778]" country="Chile" latitude="-42.194992" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-74.14436" municipality="Western Chiloe Island" name="Metalqui" pageId="3" pageNumber="356">Metalqui</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="7D721C0CFF88F67D66A1FD5BFB29FCD9" box="[935,1189,752,779]" pageId="3" pageNumber="356">Western Chiloé Island</collectingMunicipality>
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<collectingCountry id="E5BEC6E6FF88F67D61B4FD5AFB63FCD9" box="[1202,1263,752,778]" name="Chile" pageId="3" pageNumber="356">Chile</collectingCountry>
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depth
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of
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under
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,
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,
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depth
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;
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<specimenCode id="CD0F2E0DFF88F67D66ADFC2BFBC9FC48" box="[939,1093,897,923]" collectionCode="MNRJ" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zi1i-a0b5" name="Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro" pageId="3" pageNumber="356">MNRJ 17002</specimenCode>
, Isla
<location id="9876D0ADFF88F67D6178FC2AFB6AFC49" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:15003760FF88F67B6591FDCDFE49FEB6:9876D0ADFF88F67D6178FC2AFB6AFC49" box="[1150,1254,896,922]" country="Chile" latitude="-41.194992" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-74.14436" municipality="Western Chiloe Island" name="Metalqui" pageId="3" pageNumber="356">Metalqui</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="7D721C0CFF88F67D61F6FC2BFF52FC6D" pageId="3" pageNumber="356">Western Chiloé Island</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingCountry id="E5BEC6E6FF88F67D65ECFC0EFEABFC6D" box="[234,295,932,958]" name="Chile" pageId="3" pageNumber="356">Chile</collectingCountry>
(-
<geoCoordinate id="F89DE0B1FF88F67D643AFC0FFE67FC6C" box="[316,491,933,959]" degrees="41.19499194" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="356" precision="1" value="-41.194992">41.19499194 S</geoCoordinate>
, -
<geoCoordinate id="F89DE0B1FF88F67D64F9FC0EFD34FC6C" box="[511,696,932,959]" degrees="74.14436500" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="356" precision="1" value="-74.14436">74.14436500 W</geoCoordinate>
),
<elevation id="16846145FF88F67D67CAFC0EFCC1FC6D" box="[716,845,932,959]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="356" unit="m" value="15.0">
<quantity id="5A512B93FF88F67D67CAFC0EFC89FC6C" box="[716,773,932,959]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="356" unit="m" value="15.0">15 m</quantity>
depth
</elevation>
, coll.
<collectorName id="305CE3A0FF88F67D6696FC0FFB9FFC6D" box="[912,1043,932,959]" pageId="3" pageNumber="356">L.M. Pardo</collectorName>
,
<date id="E917A0B6FF88F67D6118FC0EFA8BFC6C" box="[1054,1287,932,959]" pageId="3" pageNumber="356" value="2012-11-15">
<collectingDate id="F953595EFF88F67D6118FC0EFA8BFC6C" box="[1054,1287,932,959]" pageId="3" pageNumber="356" value="2012-11-15">
15
<superScript id="6ADC2B3EFF88F67D613CFC0EFBCBFC61" attach="left" box="[1082,1095,932,946]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="356">th</superScript>
November 2012
</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D5B3D5FDFF88F67D65C1FC62FBCAFBF8" pageId="3" pageNumber="356" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="9D168676FF88F67D65C1FC62FBCAFBF8" blockId="3.[151,1437,716,2039]" pageId="3" pageNumber="356">
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF88F67D65C1FC62FECEFC31" bold="true" box="[199,322,968,994]" pageId="3" pageNumber="356">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Only
<taxonomicName id="5AA9FDF5FF88F67D648BFC62FDC4FC30" authority="" authorityName="Topsent" authorityYear="1890" box="[397,584,968,995]" class="Demospongiae" family="Crellidae" genus="Crella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="3" pageNumber="356" phylum="Porifera" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Pytheas">
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF88F67D648BFC62FE58FC31" box="[397,468,968,994]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="356">Crella</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF88F67D64E1FC62FDCCFC31" box="[487,576,968,994]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="356">Pytheas</emphasis>
)
</taxonomicName>
in the Pacific being thickly encrusting to massive, reddish orange in life, with tornotes (120–188/3.2–7.5 µm), three categories of acanthostyles (choanosomal, I. 120–165/6–14 µm and II. 88–118/5.5–11 µm; ectosomal, 52–95/4–9 µm) and arcuate isochelae (13–19.5 µm).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D5B3D5FDFF88F67A65C1FB9EFB89FE7E" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="357" pageId="3" pageNumber="356" type="description">
<paragraph id="9D168676FF88F67D65C1FB9EFB8CFAD1" blockId="3.[151,1437,716,2039]" pageId="3" pageNumber="356">
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF88F67D65C1FB9EFED5FB9D" bold="true" box="[199,345,1076,1102]" pageId="3" pageNumber="356">Description.</emphasis>
Habit thickly encrusting or irregularly massive and lobate (
<figureCitation id="05929AF3FF88F67D66FBFB9EFB08FB9C" box="[1021,1156,1076,1103]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1425,1449]" captionTargetBox="[153,1434,453,1402]" captionTargetId="figure-167@4.[153,1434,453,1402]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Crella (Pytheas) chiloensis Fernandez, Gastaldi, Pardo &amp; Hajdu, sp. nov.: type material in life and preserved (A–F). A, massive specimen in life (holotype—IZUA-POR 170). B, another massive specimen in life (paratype—MNRJ 16989). C–F, holotype in preservative (ethanol 70%) showing whole body (C), a membrane at the surface (indicated by arrow) (D), small oscules (indicated by arrow) (E) and pore sieves (F). Scale bars: A–C= 1 cm; D–E = 1 mm; F = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5572173" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5572173/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="356">Figs. 2A–C</figureCitation>
);
<typeStatus id="421238D4FF88F67D619FFB9EFB77FB9D" box="[1177,1275,1076,1102]" pageId="3" pageNumber="356" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
in life, 14 (L) x 8 (W) x
<quantity id="5A512B93FF88F67D640AFBF3FEC8FBA0" box="[268,324,1113,1139]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="356" unit="cm" value="3.0">3 cm</quantity>
(H),
<typeStatus id="421238D4FF88F67D6487FBF3FE6DFBA0" box="[385,481,1113,1139]" pageId="3" pageNumber="356" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
in life (MNRJ 16989), 14 (L) x 11 (W) x
<quantity id="5A512B93FF88F67D66BBFBF3FB86FBA0" box="[957,1034,1113,1139]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.7" pageId="3" pageNumber="356" unit="cm" value="3.7">3.7 cm</quantity>
(H) and
<typeStatus id="421238D4FF88F67D6176FBF2FB5EFBA1" box="[1136,1234,1112,1138]" pageId="3" pageNumber="356" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
preserved, 10 (L) x 6 (W) x
<quantity id="5A512B93FF88F67D6417FBD7FEC6FB44" box="[273,330,1149,1175]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="356" unit="cm" value="3.0">3 cm</quantity>
(H). Surface irregular, slightly corrugated (
<figureCitation id="05929AF3FF88F67D663AFBD6FC1AFB44" box="[828,918,1148,1175]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1425,1449]" captionTargetBox="[153,1434,453,1402]" captionTargetId="figure-167@4.[153,1434,453,1402]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Crella (Pytheas) chiloensis Fernandez, Gastaldi, Pardo &amp; Hajdu, sp. nov.: type material in life and preserved (A–F). A, massive specimen in life (holotype—IZUA-POR 170). B, another massive specimen in life (paratype—MNRJ 16989). C–F, holotype in preservative (ethanol 70%) showing whole body (C), a membrane at the surface (indicated by arrow) (D), small oscules (indicated by arrow) (E) and pore sieves (F). Scale bars: A–C= 1 cm; D–E = 1 mm; F = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5572173" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5572173/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="356">Fig. 2C</figureCitation>
), with thin, strongly adhered membrane (
<figureCitation id="05929AF3FF88F67D6069FBD6FF31FB68" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1425,1449]" captionTargetBox="[153,1434,453,1402]" captionTargetId="figure-167@4.[153,1434,453,1402]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Crella (Pytheas) chiloensis Fernandez, Gastaldi, Pardo &amp; Hajdu, sp. nov.: type material in life and preserved (A–F). A, massive specimen in life (holotype—IZUA-POR 170). B, another massive specimen in life (paratype—MNRJ 16989). C–F, holotype in preservative (ethanol 70%) showing whole body (C), a membrane at the surface (indicated by arrow) (D), small oscules (indicated by arrow) (E) and pore sieves (F). Scale bars: A–C= 1 cm; D–E = 1 mm; F = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5572173" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5572173/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="356">Fig. 2D</figureCitation>
). Oscula small, scattered (
<figureCitation id="05929AF3FF88F67D64EBFB0AFDCAFB68" box="[493,582,1184,1211]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1425,1449]" captionTargetBox="[153,1434,453,1402]" captionTargetId="figure-167@4.[153,1434,453,1402]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Crella (Pytheas) chiloensis Fernandez, Gastaldi, Pardo &amp; Hajdu, sp. nov.: type material in life and preserved (A–F). A, massive specimen in life (holotype—IZUA-POR 170). B, another massive specimen in life (paratype—MNRJ 16989). C–F, holotype in preservative (ethanol 70%) showing whole body (C), a membrane at the surface (indicated by arrow) (D), small oscules (indicated by arrow) (E) and pore sieves (F). Scale bars: A–C= 1 cm; D–E = 1 mm; F = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5572173" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5572173/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="356">Fig. 2E</figureCitation>
). Pores very small and grouped in pore sieves, ca.
<quantity id="5A512B93FF88F67D6193FB0AFB61FB68" box="[1173,1261,1184,1211]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="356" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
in diameter, in preservative (
<figureCitation id="05929AF3FF88F67D6434FB6EFE06FB0C" box="[306,394,1220,1247]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1425,1449]" captionTargetBox="[153,1434,453,1402]" captionTargetId="figure-167@4.[153,1434,453,1402]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Crella (Pytheas) chiloensis Fernandez, Gastaldi, Pardo &amp; Hajdu, sp. nov.: type material in life and preserved (A–F). A, massive specimen in life (holotype—IZUA-POR 170). B, another massive specimen in life (paratype—MNRJ 16989). C–F, holotype in preservative (ethanol 70%) showing whole body (C), a membrane at the surface (indicated by arrow) (D), small oscules (indicated by arrow) (E) and pore sieves (F). Scale bars: A–C= 1 cm; D–E = 1 mm; F = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5572173" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5572173/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="356">Fig. 2F</figureCitation>
). Subectosomal channels very slender, scarce. Consistency firm, but compressible. Texture slightly rough. Color reddish-orange in life and beige in preserved specimens.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D168676FF88F67D65C1FAA6FF62F904" blockId="3.[151,1437,716,2039]" pageId="3" pageNumber="356">
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF88F67D65C1FAA6FEB9FAF5" bold="true" box="[199,309,1292,1318]" pageId="3" pageNumber="356">Skeleton.</emphasis>
Plumoreticulate architecture (
<figureCitation id="05929AF3FF88F67D6787FAA6FD55FAF4" box="[641,729,1292,1319]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1670,1694]" captionTargetBox="[161,1426,381,1646]" captionTargetId="figure-115@5.[161,1426,381,1646]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Crella (Pytheas) chiloensis Fernandez, Gastaldi, Pardo &amp; Hajdu, sp. nov.: skeleton of the holotype―IZUA- POR 170 (A–D) and spicules of the holotype (E–J, in SEM) and paratype―MNRJ 16989 (K–P, in SEM). A, transverse section. B, ectosomal region with bundles of tornotes and choanosomal region with tracts of tornotes echinated by choanosomal acanthostyles I and II. C, detail of the ectosomal region with tornotes disposed in a perpendicular arrangement and ectosomal acanthostyles scattered. D, choanosomal acanthostyles I and II echinating the base of the skeleton and a spongin fiber, and a few ectosomal acanthostyles scattered. E, tornotes. F, extremities of the tornotes. G, choanosomal acanthostyles I. H, choanosomal acanthostyles II. I, ectosomal acanthostyles and acanthoxeas (in right). J, arcuate isochelae. K, tornotes. L, extremities of the tornotes. M, choanosomal acanthostyles I. N, choanosomal acanthostyles II. O, ectosomal acanthostyles III. P, arcuate isochelae. Scale bars: A = 500 µm; B = 150 µm; C–D = 50 µm; E = 20 µm; F = 5 µm; G–I = 20 µm; J = 5 µm; K = 20 µm; L= 5 µm; M–O = 20 µm; P = 5 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5572177" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5572177/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="356">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
). Ectosomal region with several tornotes in vertical arrangement and in bouquets (
<figureCitation id="05929AF3FF88F67D645BFA9AFE3AFA98" box="[349,438,1328,1355]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1670,1694]" captionTargetBox="[161,1426,381,1646]" captionTargetId="figure-115@5.[161,1426,381,1646]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Crella (Pytheas) chiloensis Fernandez, Gastaldi, Pardo &amp; Hajdu, sp. nov.: skeleton of the holotype―IZUA- POR 170 (A–D) and spicules of the holotype (E–J, in SEM) and paratype―MNRJ 16989 (K–P, in SEM). A, transverse section. B, ectosomal region with bundles of tornotes and choanosomal region with tracts of tornotes echinated by choanosomal acanthostyles I and II. C, detail of the ectosomal region with tornotes disposed in a perpendicular arrangement and ectosomal acanthostyles scattered. D, choanosomal acanthostyles I and II echinating the base of the skeleton and a spongin fiber, and a few ectosomal acanthostyles scattered. E, tornotes. F, extremities of the tornotes. G, choanosomal acanthostyles I. H, choanosomal acanthostyles II. I, ectosomal acanthostyles and acanthoxeas (in right). J, arcuate isochelae. K, tornotes. L, extremities of the tornotes. M, choanosomal acanthostyles I. N, choanosomal acanthostyles II. O, ectosomal acanthostyles III. P, arcuate isochelae. Scale bars: A = 500 µm; B = 150 µm; C–D = 50 µm; E = 20 µm; F = 5 µm; G–I = 20 µm; J = 5 µm; K = 20 µm; L= 5 µm; M–O = 20 µm; P = 5 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5572177" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5572177/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="356">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
), usually protruding up to 80 µm above the surface. Beneath the surface (subectosomal region) thick tracts of tornotes (ca. 100–150 µm thick) run towards spongin fibers coring them at the choanosome (
<figureCitation id="05929AF3FF88F67D65A6FAD2FF77FA40" box="[160,251,1400,1427]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1670,1694]" captionTargetBox="[161,1426,381,1646]" captionTargetId="figure-115@5.[161,1426,381,1646]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Crella (Pytheas) chiloensis Fernandez, Gastaldi, Pardo &amp; Hajdu, sp. nov.: skeleton of the holotype―IZUA- POR 170 (A–D) and spicules of the holotype (E–J, in SEM) and paratype―MNRJ 16989 (K–P, in SEM). A, transverse section. B, ectosomal region with bundles of tornotes and choanosomal region with tracts of tornotes echinated by choanosomal acanthostyles I and II. C, detail of the ectosomal region with tornotes disposed in a perpendicular arrangement and ectosomal acanthostyles scattered. D, choanosomal acanthostyles I and II echinating the base of the skeleton and a spongin fiber, and a few ectosomal acanthostyles scattered. E, tornotes. F, extremities of the tornotes. G, choanosomal acanthostyles I. H, choanosomal acanthostyles II. I, ectosomal acanthostyles and acanthoxeas (in right). J, arcuate isochelae. K, tornotes. L, extremities of the tornotes. M, choanosomal acanthostyles I. N, choanosomal acanthostyles II. O, ectosomal acanthostyles III. P, arcuate isochelae. Scale bars: A = 500 µm; B = 150 µm; C–D = 50 µm; E = 20 µm; F = 5 µm; G–I = 20 µm; J = 5 µm; K = 20 µm; L= 5 µm; M–O = 20 µm; P = 5 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5572177" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5572177/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="356">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
). Acanthostyles (ectosomal category) in tangential to paratangential arrangement at the ectosome and subectosome (
<figureCitation id="05929AF3FF88F67D643FFA36FE1FFA64" box="[313,403,1436,1463]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1670,1694]" captionTargetBox="[161,1426,381,1646]" captionTargetId="figure-115@5.[161,1426,381,1646]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Crella (Pytheas) chiloensis Fernandez, Gastaldi, Pardo &amp; Hajdu, sp. nov.: skeleton of the holotype―IZUA- POR 170 (A–D) and spicules of the holotype (E–J, in SEM) and paratype―MNRJ 16989 (K–P, in SEM). A, transverse section. B, ectosomal region with bundles of tornotes and choanosomal region with tracts of tornotes echinated by choanosomal acanthostyles I and II. C, detail of the ectosomal region with tornotes disposed in a perpendicular arrangement and ectosomal acanthostyles scattered. D, choanosomal acanthostyles I and II echinating the base of the skeleton and a spongin fiber, and a few ectosomal acanthostyles scattered. E, tornotes. F, extremities of the tornotes. G, choanosomal acanthostyles I. H, choanosomal acanthostyles II. I, ectosomal acanthostyles and acanthoxeas (in right). J, arcuate isochelae. K, tornotes. L, extremities of the tornotes. M, choanosomal acanthostyles I. N, choanosomal acanthostyles II. O, ectosomal acanthostyles III. P, arcuate isochelae. Scale bars: A = 500 µm; B = 150 µm; C–D = 50 µm; E = 20 µm; F = 5 µm; G–I = 20 µm; J = 5 µm; K = 20 µm; L= 5 µm; M–O = 20 µm; P = 5 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5572177" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5572177/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="356">Fig. 3C</figureCitation>
). Choanosomal region with spongin fibers (up to 180 µm thick) strongly echinated by two categories of choanosomal acanthostyles (
<figureCitation id="05929AF3FF88F67D676BFA6AFD73FA08" box="[621,767,1472,1499]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1670,1694]" captionTargetBox="[161,1426,381,1646]" captionTargetId="figure-115@5.[161,1426,381,1646]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Crella (Pytheas) chiloensis Fernandez, Gastaldi, Pardo &amp; Hajdu, sp. nov.: skeleton of the holotype―IZUA- POR 170 (A–D) and spicules of the holotype (E–J, in SEM) and paratype―MNRJ 16989 (K–P, in SEM). A, transverse section. B, ectosomal region with bundles of tornotes and choanosomal region with tracts of tornotes echinated by choanosomal acanthostyles I and II. C, detail of the ectosomal region with tornotes disposed in a perpendicular arrangement and ectosomal acanthostyles scattered. D, choanosomal acanthostyles I and II echinating the base of the skeleton and a spongin fiber, and a few ectosomal acanthostyles scattered. E, tornotes. F, extremities of the tornotes. G, choanosomal acanthostyles I. H, choanosomal acanthostyles II. I, ectosomal acanthostyles and acanthoxeas (in right). J, arcuate isochelae. K, tornotes. L, extremities of the tornotes. M, choanosomal acanthostyles I. N, choanosomal acanthostyles II. O, ectosomal acanthostyles III. P, arcuate isochelae. Scale bars: A = 500 µm; B = 150 µm; C–D = 50 µm; E = 20 µm; F = 5 µm; G–I = 20 µm; J = 5 µm; K = 20 µm; L= 5 µm; M–O = 20 µm; P = 5 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5572177" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5572177/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="356">Figs. 3B, 3D</figureCitation>
). Some choanosomal acanthostyles occurring into the fibers too. Spongin fibers are more frequent in the choanosomal region than the ectosomal and subectosomal regions (
<figureCitation id="05929AF3FF88F67D65A6F9A2FF76F9F0" box="[160,250,1544,1571]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1670,1694]" captionTargetBox="[161,1426,381,1646]" captionTargetId="figure-115@5.[161,1426,381,1646]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Crella (Pytheas) chiloensis Fernandez, Gastaldi, Pardo &amp; Hajdu, sp. nov.: skeleton of the holotype―IZUA- POR 170 (A–D) and spicules of the holotype (E–J, in SEM) and paratype―MNRJ 16989 (K–P, in SEM). A, transverse section. B, ectosomal region with bundles of tornotes and choanosomal region with tracts of tornotes echinated by choanosomal acanthostyles I and II. C, detail of the ectosomal region with tornotes disposed in a perpendicular arrangement and ectosomal acanthostyles scattered. D, choanosomal acanthostyles I and II echinating the base of the skeleton and a spongin fiber, and a few ectosomal acanthostyles scattered. E, tornotes. F, extremities of the tornotes. G, choanosomal acanthostyles I. H, choanosomal acanthostyles II. I, ectosomal acanthostyles and acanthoxeas (in right). J, arcuate isochelae. K, tornotes. L, extremities of the tornotes. M, choanosomal acanthostyles I. N, choanosomal acanthostyles II. O, ectosomal acanthostyles III. P, arcuate isochelae. Scale bars: A = 500 µm; B = 150 µm; C–D = 50 µm; E = 20 µm; F = 5 µm; G–I = 20 µm; J = 5 µm; K = 20 µm; L= 5 µm; M–O = 20 µm; P = 5 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5572177" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5572177/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="356">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
). A basal layer of erect choanosomal acanthostyles echinates the substrate (
<figureCitation id="05929AF3FF88F67D616FF9A2FB4AF9F0" box="[1129,1222,1544,1571]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1670,1694]" captionTargetBox="[161,1426,381,1646]" captionTargetId="figure-115@5.[161,1426,381,1646]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Crella (Pytheas) chiloensis Fernandez, Gastaldi, Pardo &amp; Hajdu, sp. nov.: skeleton of the holotype―IZUA- POR 170 (A–D) and spicules of the holotype (E–J, in SEM) and paratype―MNRJ 16989 (K–P, in SEM). A, transverse section. B, ectosomal region with bundles of tornotes and choanosomal region with tracts of tornotes echinated by choanosomal acanthostyles I and II. C, detail of the ectosomal region with tornotes disposed in a perpendicular arrangement and ectosomal acanthostyles scattered. D, choanosomal acanthostyles I and II echinating the base of the skeleton and a spongin fiber, and a few ectosomal acanthostyles scattered. E, tornotes. F, extremities of the tornotes. G, choanosomal acanthostyles I. H, choanosomal acanthostyles II. I, ectosomal acanthostyles and acanthoxeas (in right). J, arcuate isochelae. K, tornotes. L, extremities of the tornotes. M, choanosomal acanthostyles I. N, choanosomal acanthostyles II. O, ectosomal acanthostyles III. P, arcuate isochelae. Scale bars: A = 500 µm; B = 150 µm; C–D = 50 µm; E = 20 µm; F = 5 µm; G–I = 20 µm; J = 5 µm; K = 20 µm; L= 5 µm; M–O = 20 µm; P = 5 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5572177" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5572177/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="356">Fig. 3D</figureCitation>
). All categories of acanthostyles (ectosomal and choanosomal) are distinguished by size (length and width) and patterns of spination. Several tornotes, choanossomal acanthostyles and arcuate isochelae occur scattered throughout the choanosomal region. Furthermore, arcuate isochelae and a few ectosomal acanthostyles occur around channels as well. In spongin there are rounded subectosomal (ca. 250 µm longer length) and choanosomal channels (up to 2000 µm longer length).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D168676FF88F67A65C1F94AFB89FE7E" blockId="3.[151,1437,716,2039]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1437,150,430]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="357" pageId="3" pageNumber="356">
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF88F67D65C1F94AFEBCF929" bold="true" box="[199,304,1760,1786]" pageId="3" pageNumber="356">Spicules.</emphasis>
Megascleres (
<tableCitation id="D02BB3CDFF88F67D64D3F94AFDD9F928" box="[469,597,1760,1787]" captionStart-0="TABLE 1" captionStart-1="TABLE 2" captionStartId-0="6.[151,239,151,175]" captionStartId-1="9.[150,238,464,490]" captionTargetPageId-0="6" captionTargetPageId-1="9" captionText-0="TABLE 1. Measurements in micrometer (µm) of spicules of Crella (Pytheas) chiloensis Fernandez, Gastaldi, Pardo &amp; Hajdu, sp. nov. Measurements are presented as, minimum–average (standard deviation)–maximum length/minimum– average (standard deviation)–maximum thickness. For chelae microscleres only length is provided." captionText-1="TABLE 2. Distribution, bathymetry (m), characters (external and skeletal features) and measurements of spicules (μm) of all known species of Crella (Pytheas) Topsent, 1890. Measurements are presented as, minimum–average (standard deviation)–maximum length/minimum–average (standard deviation)–maximum thickness, unless stated otherwise. For chelae microscleres only length is provided, and for sigmas length and thickness. Range of measurements and/or average and/or standard deviation for some species are absent from the literature. Codes throughout the table: * (absent),? (no information), ‘ ’ (according to original description), “ ” (our opinion)." httpUri-0="http://table.plazi.org/id/C9D6D6FEFF8DF6786591FF3DFB31FF24" httpUri-1="http://table.plazi.org/id/C9D6D6FEFF82F6776590FE7AF9A1FD85" pageId="3" pageNumber="356" tableUuid-0="C9D6D6FEFF8DF6786591FF3DFB31FF24" tableUuid-1="C9D6D6FEFF82F6776590FE7AF9A1FD85">Tables 1–2</tableCitation>
). Tornotes (
<figureCitation id="05929AF3FF88F67D67D8F94AFC20F928" box="[734,940,1760,1787]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1670,1694]" captionTargetBox="[161,1426,381,1646]" captionTargetId="figure-115@5.[161,1426,381,1646]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Crella (Pytheas) chiloensis Fernandez, Gastaldi, Pardo &amp; Hajdu, sp. nov.: skeleton of the holotype―IZUA- POR 170 (A–D) and spicules of the holotype (E–J, in SEM) and paratype―MNRJ 16989 (K–P, in SEM). A, transverse section. B, ectosomal region with bundles of tornotes and choanosomal region with tracts of tornotes echinated by choanosomal acanthostyles I and II. C, detail of the ectosomal region with tornotes disposed in a perpendicular arrangement and ectosomal acanthostyles scattered. D, choanosomal acanthostyles I and II echinating the base of the skeleton and a spongin fiber, and a few ectosomal acanthostyles scattered. E, tornotes. F, extremities of the tornotes. G, choanosomal acanthostyles I. H, choanosomal acanthostyles II. I, ectosomal acanthostyles and acanthoxeas (in right). J, arcuate isochelae. K, tornotes. L, extremities of the tornotes. M, choanosomal acanthostyles I. N, choanosomal acanthostyles II. O, ectosomal acanthostyles III. P, arcuate isochelae. Scale bars: A = 500 µm; B = 150 µm; C–D = 50 µm; E = 20 µm; F = 5 µm; G–I = 20 µm; J = 5 µm; K = 20 µm; L= 5 µm; M–O = 20 µm; P = 5 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5572177" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5572177/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="356">Figs. 3E–F, 3K–L</figureCitation>
) straight and usually smooth, some formed as aniso-tornotes or with a few small spines, tips mucronate, lanceolate, conical to asymmetrical; juvenile forms slender and smooth: 120–
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF88F67D64C3F883FE63F890" box="[453,495,1833,1859]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="356">155</emphasis>
(11.6)–188/3.2–
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF88F67D67A8F883FD5DF890" box="[686,721,1833,1859]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="356">5.7</emphasis>
(0.9)–7.5 µm. Choanosomal acanthostyles I (
<figureCitation id="05929AF3FF88F67D61EAF882FA03F890" box="[1260,1423,1832,1859]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1670,1694]" captionTargetBox="[161,1426,381,1646]" captionTargetId="figure-115@5.[161,1426,381,1646]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Crella (Pytheas) chiloensis Fernandez, Gastaldi, Pardo &amp; Hajdu, sp. nov.: skeleton of the holotype―IZUA- POR 170 (A–D) and spicules of the holotype (E–J, in SEM) and paratype―MNRJ 16989 (K–P, in SEM). A, transverse section. B, ectosomal region with bundles of tornotes and choanosomal region with tracts of tornotes echinated by choanosomal acanthostyles I and II. C, detail of the ectosomal region with tornotes disposed in a perpendicular arrangement and ectosomal acanthostyles scattered. D, choanosomal acanthostyles I and II echinating the base of the skeleton and a spongin fiber, and a few ectosomal acanthostyles scattered. E, tornotes. F, extremities of the tornotes. G, choanosomal acanthostyles I. H, choanosomal acanthostyles II. I, ectosomal acanthostyles and acanthoxeas (in right). J, arcuate isochelae. K, tornotes. L, extremities of the tornotes. M, choanosomal acanthostyles I. N, choanosomal acanthostyles II. O, ectosomal acanthostyles III. P, arcuate isochelae. Scale bars: A = 500 µm; B = 150 µm; C–D = 50 µm; E = 20 µm; F = 5 µm; G–I = 20 µm; J = 5 µm; K = 20 µm; L= 5 µm; M–O = 20 µm; P = 5 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5572177" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5572177/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="356">Figs. 3G, 3M</figureCitation>
), largest category of acanthostyles, straight to slightly curved, not fully spined, blunt bases (no tyle), tips usually acerate; spines small (up to 3 µm high), concentrated at the bases; spines from the axis slightly bent towards the base and usually absent on the apical fourth; juvenile forms slender, with smaller and straight spines: 120–
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF88F67D605BF83FFA10F87C" box="[1373,1436,1941,1967]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="356">152.3</emphasis>
(14) –195/6–
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF88F67D642EF813FEC8F800" box="[296,324,1977,2003]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="356">10</emphasis>
(1.4)–14 µm. Choanosomal acanthostyles II (
<figureCitation id="05929AF3FF88F67D6647F812FC59F800" box="[833,981,1976,2003]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1670,1694]" captionTargetBox="[161,1426,381,1646]" captionTargetId="figure-115@5.[161,1426,381,1646]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Crella (Pytheas) chiloensis Fernandez, Gastaldi, Pardo &amp; Hajdu, sp. nov.: skeleton of the holotype―IZUA- POR 170 (A–D) and spicules of the holotype (E–J, in SEM) and paratype―MNRJ 16989 (K–P, in SEM). A, transverse section. B, ectosomal region with bundles of tornotes and choanosomal region with tracts of tornotes echinated by choanosomal acanthostyles I and II. C, detail of the ectosomal region with tornotes disposed in a perpendicular arrangement and ectosomal acanthostyles scattered. D, choanosomal acanthostyles I and II echinating the base of the skeleton and a spongin fiber, and a few ectosomal acanthostyles scattered. E, tornotes. F, extremities of the tornotes. G, choanosomal acanthostyles I. H, choanosomal acanthostyles II. I, ectosomal acanthostyles and acanthoxeas (in right). J, arcuate isochelae. K, tornotes. L, extremities of the tornotes. M, choanosomal acanthostyles I. N, choanosomal acanthostyles II. O, ectosomal acanthostyles III. P, arcuate isochelae. Scale bars: A = 500 µm; B = 150 µm; C–D = 50 µm; E = 20 µm; F = 5 µm; G–I = 20 µm; J = 5 µm; K = 20 µm; L= 5 µm; M–O = 20 µm; P = 5 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5572177" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5572177/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="356">Figs. 3H, 3N</figureCitation>
), intermediate category of acanthostyles, almost fully spined; spines also more concentrated at the bases; juvenile forms, slender, with smaller and straighter spines: 88–
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF8FF67A641CFF3DFEC8FF62" box="[282,324,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="357">102</emphasis>
(7.4)–118/5.5–
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF8FF67A64F3FF3DFD94FF62" box="[501,536,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="357">8.8</emphasis>
(1)–11 µm. Ectosomal acanthostyles (
<figureCitation id="05929AF3FF8FF67A66DDFF3DFBE0FF62" box="[987,1132,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1670,1694]" captionTargetBox="[161,1426,381,1646]" captionTargetId="figure-115@5.[161,1426,381,1646]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Crella (Pytheas) chiloensis Fernandez, Gastaldi, Pardo &amp; Hajdu, sp. nov.: skeleton of the holotype―IZUA- POR 170 (A–D) and spicules of the holotype (E–J, in SEM) and paratype―MNRJ 16989 (K–P, in SEM). A, transverse section. B, ectosomal region with bundles of tornotes and choanosomal region with tracts of tornotes echinated by choanosomal acanthostyles I and II. C, detail of the ectosomal region with tornotes disposed in a perpendicular arrangement and ectosomal acanthostyles scattered. D, choanosomal acanthostyles I and II echinating the base of the skeleton and a spongin fiber, and a few ectosomal acanthostyles scattered. E, tornotes. F, extremities of the tornotes. G, choanosomal acanthostyles I. H, choanosomal acanthostyles II. I, ectosomal acanthostyles and acanthoxeas (in right). J, arcuate isochelae. K, tornotes. L, extremities of the tornotes. M, choanosomal acanthostyles I. N, choanosomal acanthostyles II. O, ectosomal acanthostyles III. P, arcuate isochelae. Scale bars: A = 500 µm; B = 150 µm; C–D = 50 µm; E = 20 µm; F = 5 µm; G–I = 20 µm; J = 5 µm; K = 20 µm; L= 5 µm; M–O = 20 µm; P = 5 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5572177" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5572177/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="357">Figs. 3I, 3O</figureCitation>
), the smallest category of acanthostyles, slightly curved to slightly sinuous, axis with regular diameter and fully spined, blunt bases (no tyle), tips conical to acerate; spines small (up to 3 µm high), straight and uniformly distributed; juvenile forms, slender with several smaller and thinner spines: 52–
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF8FF67A6782FEA8FD39FECF" box="[644,693,258,284]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="357">75.6</emphasis>
(7)–95/4–
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF8FF67A662CFEA8FCC1FECF" box="[810,845,258,284]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="357">6.3</emphasis>
(1.1)–9 µm. Acanthoxeas (
<figureCitation id="05929AF3FF8FF67A6178FEA9FB40FECE" box="[1150,1228,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1670,1694]" captionTargetBox="[161,1426,381,1646]" captionTargetId="figure-115@5.[161,1426,381,1646]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Crella (Pytheas) chiloensis Fernandez, Gastaldi, Pardo &amp; Hajdu, sp. nov.: skeleton of the holotype―IZUA- POR 170 (A–D) and spicules of the holotype (E–J, in SEM) and paratype―MNRJ 16989 (K–P, in SEM). A, transverse section. B, ectosomal region with bundles of tornotes and choanosomal region with tracts of tornotes echinated by choanosomal acanthostyles I and II. C, detail of the ectosomal region with tornotes disposed in a perpendicular arrangement and ectosomal acanthostyles scattered. D, choanosomal acanthostyles I and II echinating the base of the skeleton and a spongin fiber, and a few ectosomal acanthostyles scattered. E, tornotes. F, extremities of the tornotes. G, choanosomal acanthostyles I. H, choanosomal acanthostyles II. I, ectosomal acanthostyles and acanthoxeas (in right). J, arcuate isochelae. K, tornotes. L, extremities of the tornotes. M, choanosomal acanthostyles I. N, choanosomal acanthostyles II. O, ectosomal acanthostyles III. P, arcuate isochelae. Scale bars: A = 500 µm; B = 150 µm; C–D = 50 µm; E = 20 µm; F = 5 µm; G–I = 20 µm; J = 5 µm; K = 20 µm; L= 5 µm; M–O = 20 µm; P = 5 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5572177" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5572177/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="357">Fig. 3I</figureCitation>
, in the right), rare, patter of spination (fully spined) closer to the ectosomal acanthostyles: average of 85/8 µm (n = 3). Microscleres (
<tableCitation id="D02BB3CDFF8FF67A6599FEE1FE90FEB6" box="[159,284,331,357]" captionStart-0="TABLE 1" captionStart-1="TABLE 2" captionStartId-0="6.[151,239,151,175]" captionStartId-1="9.[150,238,464,490]" captionTargetPageId-0="6" captionTargetPageId-1="9" captionText-0="TABLE 1. Measurements in micrometer (µm) of spicules of Crella (Pytheas) chiloensis Fernandez, Gastaldi, Pardo &amp; Hajdu, sp. nov. Measurements are presented as, minimum–average (standard deviation)–maximum length/minimum– average (standard deviation)–maximum thickness. For chelae microscleres only length is provided." captionText-1="TABLE 2. Distribution, bathymetry (m), characters (external and skeletal features) and measurements of spicules (μm) of all known species of Crella (Pytheas) Topsent, 1890. Measurements are presented as, minimum–average (standard deviation)–maximum length/minimum–average (standard deviation)–maximum thickness, unless stated otherwise. For chelae microscleres only length is provided, and for sigmas length and thickness. Range of measurements and/or average and/or standard deviation for some species are absent from the literature. Codes throughout the table: * (absent),? (no information), ‘ ’ (according to original description), “ ” (our opinion)." httpUri-0="http://table.plazi.org/id/C9D6D6FEFF8DF6786591FF3DFB31FF24" httpUri-1="http://table.plazi.org/id/C9D6D6FEFF82F6776590FE7AF9A1FD85" pageId="4" pageNumber="357" tableUuid-0="C9D6D6FEFF8DF6786591FF3DFB31FF24" tableUuid-1="C9D6D6FEFF82F6776590FE7AF9A1FD85">Tables 1–2</tableCitation>
). Arcuate isochelae (
<figureCitation id="05929AF3FF8FF67A6702FEE1FD0AFEB6" box="[516,646,331,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1670,1694]" captionTargetBox="[161,1426,381,1646]" captionTargetId="figure-115@5.[161,1426,381,1646]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Crella (Pytheas) chiloensis Fernandez, Gastaldi, Pardo &amp; Hajdu, sp. nov.: skeleton of the holotype―IZUA- POR 170 (A–D) and spicules of the holotype (E–J, in SEM) and paratype―MNRJ 16989 (K–P, in SEM). A, transverse section. B, ectosomal region with bundles of tornotes and choanosomal region with tracts of tornotes echinated by choanosomal acanthostyles I and II. C, detail of the ectosomal region with tornotes disposed in a perpendicular arrangement and ectosomal acanthostyles scattered. D, choanosomal acanthostyles I and II echinating the base of the skeleton and a spongin fiber, and a few ectosomal acanthostyles scattered. E, tornotes. F, extremities of the tornotes. G, choanosomal acanthostyles I. H, choanosomal acanthostyles II. I, ectosomal acanthostyles and acanthoxeas (in right). J, arcuate isochelae. K, tornotes. L, extremities of the tornotes. M, choanosomal acanthostyles I. N, choanosomal acanthostyles II. O, ectosomal acanthostyles III. P, arcuate isochelae. Scale bars: A = 500 µm; B = 150 µm; C–D = 50 µm; E = 20 µm; F = 5 µm; G–I = 20 µm; J = 5 µm; K = 20 µm; L= 5 µm; M–O = 20 µm; P = 5 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5572177" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5572177/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="357">Figs. 3J, 3P</figureCitation>
) in one size category, axis curved in the middle, alae slightly elongated and rounded; relatively short distance between opposite alae, less than 1/3 of maximum chelae length; juvenile forms with slender axis and smaller alae (reduced alae): 13–
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF8FF67A663FFE38FCD9FE7F" box="[825,853,402,428]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="357">16</emphasis>
(1.3)–19.5 µm.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="C9D6D6FEFF8FF67A6591FA3BFB72F9C6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5572173" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5572173" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5572173/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="357" startId="4.[151,250,1425,1449]" targetBox="[153,1434,453,1402]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="9D168676FF8FF67A6591FA3BFB72F9C6" blockId="4.[151,1437,1425,1557]" pageId="4" pageNumber="357">
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF8FF67A6591FA3BFE98FA7A" bold="true" box="[151,276,1425,1449]" pageId="4" pageNumber="357">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="5AA9FDF5FF8FF67A641AFA3BFC5CFA7A" authority="Fernandez, Gastaldi, Pardo &amp; Hajdu" authorityName="Fernandez, Gastaldi, Pardo &amp; Hajdu" authorityYear="2021" box="[284,976,1425,1449]" class="Demospongiae" family="Crellidae" genus="Crella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="4" pageNumber="357" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="chiloensis" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Pytheas">
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF8FF67A641AFA3BFED0FA7A" box="[284,348,1425,1449]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="357">Crella</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF8FF67A646DFA3BFE37FA7A" box="[363,443,1425,1449]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="357">Pytheas</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF8FF67A64CDFA3BFDBCFA7A" box="[459,560,1425,1449]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="357">chiloensis</emphasis>
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF8FF67A673EFA3BFC5CFA7A" bold="true" box="[568,976,1425,1449]" pageId="4" pageNumber="357">Fernandez, Gastaldi, Pardo &amp; Hajdu</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF8FF67A66C9FA3BFBA1FA7A" bold="true" box="[975,1069,1425,1449]" pageId="4" pageNumber="357">
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B4EEE71FFF8FF67A66DDFA3BFBA1FA7A" box="[987,1069,1425,1449]" pageId="4" pageNumber="357" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
: type material in life and preserved (
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF8FF67A65A6FA1FFF42FA1E" bold="true" box="[160,206,1461,1485]" pageId="4" pageNumber="357">A–F</emphasis>
).
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF8FF67A65E7FA1FFF7FFA1E" bold="true" box="[225,243,1461,1485]" pageId="4" pageNumber="357">A</emphasis>
, massive specimen in life (holotype—IZUA-POR 170).
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF8FF67A6621FA1FFCB4FA1E" bold="true" box="[807,824,1461,1485]" pageId="4" pageNumber="357">B</emphasis>
, another massive specimen in life (paratype—MNRJ 16989).
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF8FF67A6591FA73FF49FA22" bold="true" box="[151,197,1497,1521]" pageId="4" pageNumber="357">C–F</emphasis>
, holotype in preservative (ethanol 70%) showing whole body (
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF8FF67A6650FA73FCFDFA22" bold="true" box="[854,881,1497,1521]" pageId="4" pageNumber="357">C)</emphasis>
, a membrane at the surface (indicated by arrow) (
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF8FF67A607DFA73FA01FA22" bold="true" box="[1403,1421,1497,1521]" pageId="4" pageNumber="357">D</emphasis>
), small oscules (indicated by arrow) (
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF8FF67A6705FA57FD98F9C6" bold="true" box="[515,532,1533,1557]" pageId="4" pageNumber="357">E</emphasis>
) and pore sieves (
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF8FF67A67CBFA57FD50F9C6" bold="true" box="[717,732,1533,1557]" pageId="4" pageNumber="357">F</emphasis>
). Scale bars:
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF8FF67A6661FA57FC14F9C6" bold="true" box="[871,920,1533,1557]" pageId="4" pageNumber="357">A–C</emphasis>
= 1 cm;
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF8FF67A66EAFA57FB90F9C6" bold="true" box="[1004,1052,1533,1557]" pageId="4" pageNumber="357">D–E</emphasis>
= 1 mm;
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF8FF67A6179FA57FB02F9C6" bold="true" box="[1151,1166,1533,1557]" pageId="4" pageNumber="357">F</emphasis>
= 0.5 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="D5B3D5FDFF8FF67A65C1F9EEFE1FF952" pageId="4" pageNumber="357" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="9D168676FF8FF67A65C1F9EEFE1FF952" blockId="4.[151,1437,1603,2025]" pageId="4" pageNumber="357">
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF8FF67A65C1F9EEFEA0F98D" bold="true" box="[199,300,1604,1630]" pageId="4" pageNumber="357">Ecology.</emphasis>
Specimens grew over hard bottom covered by calcareous algae and barnacle.
<typeStatus id="421238D4FF8FF67A6195F9E9FB77F98E" box="[1171,1275,1603,1629]" pageId="4" pageNumber="357" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
and
<typeStatus id="421238D4FF8FF67A6037F9EEFA10F98D" box="[1329,1436,1604,1630]" pageId="4" pageNumber="357" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
with polychaete tubes.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D5B3D5FDFF8FF67A65C1F921FB1FF975" box="[199,1171,1675,1702]" pageId="4" pageNumber="357" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="9D168676FF8FF67A65C1F921FB1FF975" blockId="4.[151,1437,1603,2025]" box="[199,1171,1675,1702]" pageId="4" pageNumber="357">
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF8FF67A65C1F921FEEDF976" bold="true" box="[199,353,1675,1701]" pageId="4" pageNumber="357">Distribution.</emphasis>
Provisionally endemic to western Chiloé Island (Southern
<collectingCountry id="E5BEC6E6FF8FF67A66F1F921FBBAF976" box="[1015,1078,1675,1701]" name="Chile" pageId="4" pageNumber="357">Chile</collectingCountry>
,
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).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D5B3D5FDFF8FF67A65C1F91AFF7CF93E" pageId="4" pageNumber="357" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="9D168676FF8FF67A65C1F91AFF7CF93E" blockId="4.[151,1437,1603,2025]" pageId="4" pageNumber="357">
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF8FF67A65C1F91AFEC2F919" bold="true" box="[199,334,1712,1738]" pageId="4" pageNumber="357">Etymology.</emphasis>
The name ‘chiloensis’ is a reference to Chiloé Island, where the
<typeStatus id="421238D4FF8FF67A6125F91AFBDFF919" box="[1059,1107,1712,1738]" pageId="4" pageNumber="357">type</typeStatus>
locality of the new species is located.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D5B3D5FDFF8FF67B65C1F952FE49FEB6" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="358" pageId="4" pageNumber="357" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="9D168676FF8FF67B65C1F952FE49FEB6" blockId="4.[151,1437,1603,2025]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1437,151,357]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="358" pageId="4" pageNumber="357">
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF8FF67A65C1F952FEB7F8C1" bold="true" box="[199,315,1784,1810]" pageId="4" pageNumber="357">Remarks.</emphasis>
Five species of
<taxonomicName id="5AA9FDF5FF8FF67A64E8F95DFD29F8C1" authority="" authorityName="Topsent" authorityYear="1890" box="[494,677,1783,1810]" class="Demospongiae" family="Crellidae" genus="Crella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="4" pageNumber="357" phylum="Porifera" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Pytheas">
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF8FF67A64E8F95DFDB9F8C2" box="[494,565,1783,1809]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="357">Crella</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF8FF67A6742F95DFD11F8C2" box="[580,669,1783,1809]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="357">Pytheas</emphasis>
)
</taxonomicName>
occur in the Pacific Ocean, four of them from
<collectingCountry id="E5BEC6E6FF8FF67A61ACF952FAB3F8C2" box="[1194,1343,1783,1810]" name="New Zealand" pageId="4" pageNumber="357">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
and one from Hawaii (
<tableCitation id="D02BB3CDFF8FF67A6437F8B1FE04F8E5" box="[305,392,1819,1846]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="9.[150,238,464,490]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="TABLE 2. Distribution, bathymetry (m), characters (external and skeletal features) and measurements of spicules (μm) of all known species of Crella (Pytheas) Topsent, 1890. Measurements are presented as, minimum–average (standard deviation)–maximum length/minimum–average (standard deviation)–maximum thickness, unless stated otherwise. For chelae microscleres only length is provided, and for sigmas length and thickness. Range of measurements and/or average and/or standard deviation for some species are absent from the literature. Codes throughout the table: * (absent),? (no information), ‘ ’ (according to original description), “ ” (our opinion)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/C9D6D6FEFF82F6776590FE7AF9A1FD85" pageId="4" pageNumber="357" tableUuid="C9D6D6FEFF82F6776590FE7AF9A1FD85">Table 2</tableCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="5AA9FDF5FF8FF67A649DF8B1FBCEF8E6" authority="Fernandez, Gastaldi, Pardo &amp; Hajdu" authorityName="Fernandez, Gastaldi, Pardo &amp; Hajdu" authorityYear="2021" box="[411,1090,1819,1846]" class="Demospongiae" family="Crellidae" genus="Crella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="4" pageNumber="357" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="chiloensis" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Pytheas">
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF8FF67A649DF8B1FE6EF8E6" box="[411,482,1819,1845]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="357">Crella</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF8FF67A64F7F8B6FD8AF8E6" box="[497,518,1820,1845]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="357">P.</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF8FF67A6712F8B1FD08F8E6" box="[532,644,1819,1845]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="357">chiloensis</emphasis>
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF8FF67A678CF8B6FBCEF8E6" bold="true" box="[650,1090,1819,1846]" pageId="4" pageNumber="357">Fernandez, Gastaldi, Pardo &amp; Hajdu</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF8FF67A6144F8B1FB2AF8E5" bold="true" box="[1090,1190,1819,1846]" pageId="4" pageNumber="357">
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B4EEE71FFF8FF67A614BF8B6FB2AF8E5" box="[1101,1190,1820,1846]" pageId="4" pageNumber="357" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
is set apart from these Pacific species as well as from all other known species of
<taxonomicName id="5AA9FDF5FF8FF67A6623F895FCE0F88A" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1867" box="[805,876,1855,1881]" class="Demospongiae" family="Crellidae" genus="Crella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="4" pageNumber="357" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF8FF67A6623F895FCE0F88A" box="[805,876,1855,1881]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="357">Crella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF8FF67A667AF8EAFC01F88A" box="[892,909,1856,1881]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="357">P</emphasis>
.) due to the combination of three categories of acanthostyles (two choanosomal and one ectosomal) and small size of megascleres (tornotes up to 188/7.5 µm, larger choanosomal acanthostyles up to 195/14 µm, smaller choanosomal acanthostyles up to 118/11 µm and ectosomal acanthostyles up to 95/9 µm). Three categories of acanthose megascleres are also present in other
<taxonomicName id="5AA9FDF5FF8FF67A61CAF801FA9FF816" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1867" box="[1228,1299,1963,1989]" class="Demospongiae" family="Crellidae" genus="Crella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="4" pageNumber="357" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF8FF67A61CAF801FA9FF816" box="[1228,1299,1963,1989]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="357">Crella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF8FF67A6027F806FABAF816" box="[1313,1334,1964,1989]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="357">P.</emphasis>
) species, but the tangential layer of acanthose megascleres of them is composed by acanthoxeas rather than acanthostyles, that separates them from the new species (
<tableCitation id="D02BB3CDFF8EF67B6738FF3DFD19FF62" box="[574,661,151,177]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="9.[150,238,464,490]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="TABLE 2. Distribution, bathymetry (m), characters (external and skeletal features) and measurements of spicules (μm) of all known species of Crella (Pytheas) Topsent, 1890. Measurements are presented as, minimum–average (standard deviation)–maximum length/minimum–average (standard deviation)–maximum thickness, unless stated otherwise. For chelae microscleres only length is provided, and for sigmas length and thickness. Range of measurements and/or average and/or standard deviation for some species are absent from the literature. Codes throughout the table: * (absent),? (no information), ‘ ’ (according to original description), “ ” (our opinion)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/C9D6D6FEFF82F6776590FE7AF9A1FD85" pageId="5" pageNumber="358" tableUuid="C9D6D6FEFF82F6776590FE7AF9A1FD85">Table 2</tableCitation>
). Although a few acanthoxeas were observed in
<taxonomicName id="5AA9FDF5FF8EF67B61B7FF3DFDDFFF07" authority="Fernandez, Gastaldi, Pardo &amp; Hajdu" authorityName="Fernandez, Gastaldi, Pardo &amp; Hajdu" authorityYear="2021" class="Demospongiae" family="Crellidae" genus="Crella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="5" pageNumber="358" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="chiloensis" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Pytheas">
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF8EF67B61B7FF3DFB74FF62" box="[1201,1272,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="358">Crella</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF8EF67B600EFF3DFA91FF63" box="[1288,1309,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="358">P.</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF8EF67B602AFF3DFA10FF62" box="[1324,1436,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="358">chiloensis</emphasis>
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF8EF67B6591FF11FDDFFF07" bold="true" box="[151,595,186,213]" pageId="5" pageNumber="358">Fernandez, Gastaldi, Pardo &amp; Hajdu</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF8EF67B6755FF10FD34FF06" bold="true" box="[595,696,186,213]" pageId="5" pageNumber="358">
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B4EEE71FFF8EF67B6759FF11FD34FF06" box="[607,696,187,213]" pageId="5" pageNumber="358" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, they are interpreted as a variation of ectosomal acanthostyles due to the similar dimensions, pattern of spination and position in the skeleton. A few acanthoxeas are also present in
<taxonomicName id="5AA9FDF5FF8EF67B6591FEA9FDA5FECE" authority="Alander, 1937" authorityName="Alander" authorityYear="1937" box="[151,553,259,285]" class="Demospongiae" family="Crellidae" genus="Crella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="5" pageNumber="358" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="jaegerskioeldi" subGenus="Pytheas">
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF8EF67B6591FEA9FF3DFECE" box="[151,177,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="358">C.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF8EF67B65C7FEA9FF5AFECF" box="[193,214,259,284]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="358">P.</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF8EF67B65E3FEA9FE08FECE" box="[229,388,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="358">jaegerskioeldi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="F938FB87FF8EF67B648DFEA9FDA5FECE" author="Alander, H." box="[395,553,259,285]" pageId="5" pageNumber="358" pagination="71 - 74" refId="ref15620" refString="Alander, H. (1937) Sponges from the Trondheimsfjord and AdjacentWaters. Part II. Det Kongelige Norske Videnskabernes Selskabs Forhandlinger, 10 (19), 71 - 74." type="journal article" year="1937">Alander, 1937</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and have been mentioned in its original description as a variation of ectosomal acanthostyles as well, since such acanthoxeas occur among the ectosomal acanthostyles in the tangential layer (
<bibRefCitation id="F938FB87FF8EF67B6599FEE1FEEBFEB6" author="Alander, H." box="[159,359,331,357]" pageId="5" pageNumber="358" pagination="71 - 74" refId="ref15620" refString="Alander, H. (1937) Sponges from the Trondheimsfjord and AdjacentWaters. Part II. Det Kongelige Norske Videnskabernes Selskabs Forhandlinger, 10 (19), 71 - 74." type="journal article" year="1937">Alander 1937: 72</bibRefCitation>
;
<figureCitation id="05929AF3FF8EF67B6475FEE1FE34FEB6" box="[371,440,331,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1425,1449]" captionTargetBox="[153,1434,453,1402]" captionTargetId="figure-167@4.[153,1434,453,1402]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Crella (Pytheas) chiloensis Fernandez, Gastaldi, Pardo &amp; Hajdu, sp. nov.: type material in life and preserved (A–F). A, massive specimen in life (holotype—IZUA-POR 170). B, another massive specimen in life (paratype—MNRJ 16989). C–F, holotype in preservative (ethanol 70%) showing whole body (C), a membrane at the surface (indicated by arrow) (D), small oscules (indicated by arrow) (E) and pore sieves (F). Scale bars: A–C= 1 cm; D–E = 1 mm; F = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5572173" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5572173/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="358">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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Subgenus
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<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF88F67D6411FE36FEEEFE64" bold="true" box="[279,354,412,439]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="356">Crella</emphasis>
(
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)
<bibRefCitation id="F938FB87FF88F67D64E4FE37FD02FE65" author="Topsent, E." box="[482,654,412,439]" pageId="3" pageNumber="356" pagination="65 - 71" refId="ref19283" refString="Topsent, E. (1890) Notice preliminaire sur les spongiaires recueillis durant les campagnes de l'Hirondelle. Bulletin de la Societe Zoologique de France, 15, 26 - 32, 65 - 71. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 18721" type="journal article" year="1890">Topsent, 1890</bibRefCitation>
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<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF88F67D6591FE4EFE9EFE2D" bold="true" box="[151,274,484,510]" pageId="3" pageNumber="356">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="5AA9FDF5FF88F67D641FFE4EFEECFE2D" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1867" box="[281,352,484,510]" class="Demospongiae" family="Crellidae" genus="Crella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="3" pageNumber="356" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF88F67D641FFE4EFEECFE2D" box="[281,352,484,510]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="356">Crella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with arcuate isochelae, in addition to basal and/or echinating acanthostyles (amended from
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).
</paragraph>
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<taxonomicName id="5AA9FDF5FF9BF66E6591FB94FCB9FB8B" ID-CoL="8RVQ5" authority="Fernandez, Gastaldi &amp; Hajdu" authorityName="Fernandez, Gastaldi &amp; Hajdu" authorityYear="2021" box="[151,821,1086,1113]" class="Demospongiae" family="Crellidae" genus="Crellomima" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="16" pageNumber="369" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="sigmatifera" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF9BF66E6591FB94FE3BFB8B" bold="true" box="[151,439,1086,1113]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="369">Crellomima sigmatifera</emphasis>
Fernandez, Gastaldi &amp; Hajdu
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,
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(
<tableCitation id="D02BB3CDFF9BF66E6599FBC9FF7AFBAE" box="[159,246,1123,1149]" captionStart="TABLE 4" captionStartId="19.[150,238,474,500]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="TABLE 4. Distribution, batymetry (m), external characters and measurements (μm) of spicules of all known species of Crellomima Rezvoi, 1925. Measurements are presented as," httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/C9D6D6FEFF98F66D6590FE70F87AFDEF" pageId="16" pageNumber="369" tableUuid="C9D6D6FEFF98F66D6590FE70F87AFDEF">Table 4</tableCitation>
;
<figureCitation id="05929AF3FF9BF66E6404FBC9FE04FBAE" box="[258,392,1123,1149]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 8" captionStart-1="FIGURE 9" captionStartId-0="17.[151,250,746,770]" captionStartId-1="18.[151,250,1723,1747]" captionTargetBox-0="[156,1431,273,723]" captionTargetBox-1="[152,1435,417,1700]" captionTargetId-0="figure-59@17.[156,1431,273,723]" captionTargetId-1="figure-120@18.[152,1435,417,1700]" captionTargetPageId-0="17" captionTargetPageId-1="18" captionText-0="FIGURE 8. Crellomima sigmatifera Fernandez, Gastaldi &amp; Hajdu, sp. nov.: type material preserved (A–B). A, encrusting specimen (holotype―IZUA-POR 172) over shell of a barnacle, in preservative (ethanol 70%). B, surface and part of the choanosomal region of the holotype (e. = ectosome, and c. = choanosome). Scale bars: A = 5 mm; B = 0.5 mm." captionText-1="FIGURE 9. Crellomima sigmatifera Fernandez, Gastaldi &amp; Hajdu, sp. nov.: skeleton (A–F) and spicules (G–N, in SEM) of the holotype―IZUA-POR 172. A, transverse section. B, tornotes in vertical arrangement at the subectosomal region. C, tornotes in bouquets at the ectosomal region. C, ectosomal layer of ectosomal acanthostyles.D, detail of the ectosomal layer with ectosomal acanthostyles. E, choanosomal reticulation of choanosomal acanthostyles I equinated by choanosomal acanthostyles II. F, choanosomal acanthostyles I and II echinating a basal plate of spongin, which covers debris. G, tornotes. H, extremities of the tornotes. I, choanosomal acanthostyles I. J, choanosomal acanthostyle II. K, ectosomal acanthostyles. L, anchorate isochelae I. M, anchorate isochelae II. N, sigmas. Scale bars: A = 500 µm; B–D = 50 µm; E = 250 µm; F = 100 µm; G = 50 µm; H = 5 µm; I–J = 50 µm; K–L = 25 µm; M = 5 µm; N = 25 µm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5572189" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5572193" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/5572189/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/5572193/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="369">Figures 8–9</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
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<typeStatus id="421238D4FF9BF66E6591FB01FF5EFB16" box="[151,210,1195,1221]" pageId="16" pageNumber="369">Type</typeStatus>
locality.
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fjord, southern
<collectingCountry id="E5BEC6E6FF9BF66E674DFB01FD07FB16" box="[587,651,1195,1221]" name="Chile" pageId="16" pageNumber="369">Chile</collectingCountry>
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.
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<paragraph id="9D168676FF9BF66E65C1FB64FD41FAE2" blockId="16.[151,1437,1194,2014]" pageId="16" pageNumber="369">
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF9BF66E65C1FB64FE3BFB3B" bold="true" box="[199,439,1230,1256]" pageId="16" pageNumber="369">Material examined.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="2DC18C2BFF9BF66E64C3FB65FD41FAE2" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3387218312" collectingDate="2007-03-15" collectionCode="MNRJ" collectorName="N. Reiff &amp; Both" country="Chile" county="Corcovado Gulf" elevation="20" latitude="-43.025234" location="Rada Negra" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-72.78222" municipality="Palvitad" pageId="16" pageNumber="369" specimenCode="IZUA-POR 172, MNRJ 19227" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="421238D4FF9BF66E64C3FB65FDA7FB3A" box="[453,555,1231,1257]" pageId="16" pageNumber="369" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
—
<specimenCode id="CD0F2E0DFF9BF66E674EFB65FC8AFB3A" box="[584,774,1231,1257]" collectionCode="IZUA-POR" pageId="16" pageNumber="369">IZUA-POR 172</specimenCode>
,
<location id="9876D0ADFF9BF66E661FFB65FC2BFB3A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:15003760FF9BF66A6591FB94FEDEFD1E:9876D0ADFF9BF66E661FFB65FC2BFB3A" box="[793,935,1231,1257]" country="Chile" county="Corcovado Gulf" latitude="-43.025234" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-72.78222" municipality="Palvitad" name="Rada Negra" pageId="16" pageNumber="369">Rada Negra</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="7D721C0CFF9BF66E66BFFB65FB99FB3A" box="[953,1045,1231,1257]" pageId="16" pageNumber="369">Palvitad</collectingMunicipality>
fjord,
<collectingCounty id="7477FEFAFF9BF66E6168FB65FAA1FB3A" box="[1134,1325,1231,1257]" pageId="16" pageNumber="369">Corcovado Gulf</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingCountry id="E5BEC6E6FF9BF66E6039FB65FAF0FB3A" box="[1343,1404,1231,1257]" name="Chile" pageId="16" pageNumber="369">Chile</collectingCountry>
(-
<geoCoordinate id="F89DE0B1FF9BF66E6591FB58FECFFADE" box="[151,323,1266,1293]" degrees="43.02523611" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="369" precision="1" value="-43.025234">43.02523611 S</geoCoordinate>
, -
<geoCoordinate id="F89DE0B1FF9BF66E645EFB59FD9FFADE" box="[344,531,1267,1293]" degrees="72.78222222" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="369" precision="1" value="-72.78222">72.78222222 W</geoCoordinate>
),
<elevation id="16846145FF9BF66E672EFB59FD4DFADE" box="[552,705,1267,1293]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.97" pageId="16" pageNumber="369" unit="m" value="19.7">
<quantity id="5A512B93FF9BF66E672EFB59FDF4FADE" box="[552,632,1267,1293]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.97" pageId="16" pageNumber="369" unit="m" value="19.7">19.7 m</quantity>
depth
</elevation>
, coll.
<collectorName id="305CE3A0FF9BF66E6601FB59FCEBFADE" box="[775,871,1267,1293]" pageId="16" pageNumber="369">N. Reiff</collectorName>
,
<date id="E917A0B6FF9BF66E6675FB58FBBEFADE" box="[883,1074,1266,1293]" pageId="16" pageNumber="369" value="2007-03-15">
<collectingDate id="F953595EFF9BF66E6675FB58FBBEFADE" box="[883,1074,1266,1293]" pageId="16" pageNumber="369" value="2007-03-15">
15
<superScript id="6ADC2B3EFF9BF66E6689FB58FC10FAD3" attach="left" box="[911,924,1266,1280]" fontSize="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="369">th</superScript>
March 2007
</collectingDate>
</date>
.
<collectorName id="305CE3A0FF9BF66E6138FB59FBF8FADE" box="[1086,1140,1267,1293]" pageId="16" pageNumber="369">Both</collectorName>
slides of skeleton (in low viscosity epoxy) and spicules under
<specimenCode id="CD0F2E0DFF9BF66E6728FABDFD46FAE2" box="[558,714,1303,1329]" collectionCode="MNRJ" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zi1i-a0b5" name="Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro" pageId="16" pageNumber="369">MNRJ 19227</specimenCode>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D168676FF9BF66E65C1FA90FD05FAAA" blockId="16.[151,1437,1194,2014]" pageId="16" pageNumber="369">
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF9BF66E65C1FA90FE5BFA87" bold="true" box="[199,471,1338,1364]" pageId="16" pageNumber="369">Comparative material.</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="FBB81EB3FF9BF66E64DBFA91FDA4FA86" box="[477,552,1339,1365]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zi1i-a0b5" name="Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro" pageId="16" pageNumber="369">MNRJ</collectionCode>
8905, 8149—
<taxonomicName id="5AA9FDF5FF9BF66E67C1FA91FB14FA86" authority="(Thiele, 1905)" baseAuthorityName="Thiele" baseAuthorityYear="1905" box="[711,1176,1338,1365]" class="Demospongiae" family="Myxillidae" genus="Hymenanchora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="16" pageNumber="369" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tenuissima">
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF9BF66E67C1FA91FC7EFA87" box="[711,1010,1339,1365]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="369">Hymenanchora tenuissima</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="F938FB87FF9BF66E6106FA91FB1CFA86" author="Thiele, J." box="[1024,1168,1338,1365]" pageId="16" pageNumber="369" pagination="407 - 496" refId="ref19246" refString="Thiele, J. (1905) Die Kiesel- und Hornschwamme der Sammlung Plate. Zoologische Jahrbucher, Supplement 6 (Fauna Chilensis III), 407 - 496. [pls. 27 - 33]" type="journal article" year="1905">Thiele, 1905</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
[=
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF9BF66E61B8FA91FA10FA87" box="[1214,1436,1339,1365]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="369">
<taxonomicName id="5AA9FDF5FF9BF66E61B8FA91FACFFA86" authorityName="Rezvoi" authorityYear="1925" box="[1214,1347,1339,1365]" class="Demospongiae" family="Crellidae" genus="Crellomima" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="16" pageNumber="369" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Crellomima</taxonomicName>
t. sensu
</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="F938FB87FF9BF66E6591FAF5FE0EFAAA" author="Willenz, Ph. &amp; Hajdu, E. &amp; Desqueyroux-Faundez, R. &amp; Lobo-Hajdu, G. &amp; Carvalho, M." box="[151,386,1375,1401]" pageId="16" pageNumber="369" pagination="93 - 170" refId="ref20595" refString="Willenz, Ph. &amp; Hajdu, E., Desqueyroux-Faundez, R., Lobo-Hajdu, G. &amp; Carvalho, M. (2009) Porifera: Sponges. In: Haussermann, V. &amp; Forsterra, G. (Eds.), Marine Benthic Fauna of Chilean Patagonia. Nature in Focus, Puerto Montt, pp. 93 - 170. [https: // www. academia. edu / 33752159 / Marine _ benthic _ fauna _ of _ Chilean _ Patagonia _ Fauna _ marina _ bentonica _ de _ la _ Patagonia _ chilena]" type="book chapter" year="2009">
Willenz
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF9BF66E65F0FAF5FEA2FAAA" box="[246,302,1375,1401]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="369">et al.</emphasis>
(2009)
</bibRefCitation>
, specimens and slides].
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D5B3D5FDFF9BF66E65C1FA28FD4BF9DA" pageId="16" pageNumber="369" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="9D168676FF9BF66E65C1FA28FD4BF9DA" blockId="16.[151,1437,1194,2014]" pageId="16" pageNumber="369">
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF9BF66E65C1FA28FECEFA4F" bold="true" box="[199,322,1410,1436]" pageId="16" pageNumber="369">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="5AA9FDF5FF9BF66E6448FA29FE5FFA4E" authorityName="Rezvoi" authorityYear="1925" box="[334,467,1411,1437]" class="Demospongiae" family="Crellidae" genus="Crellomima" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="16" pageNumber="369" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF9BF66E6448FA29FE5FFA4E" box="[334,467,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="369">Crellomima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
being thin crust, with tornotes (188–255/3
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF9BF66E66D7FA29FC53FA4F" box="[977,991,1411,1436]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="369">–</emphasis>
7.2), three categories of acanthostyles (choanosomal, I. 250–285/12.5–17 µm, and II. 100–140/7.5–10 µm; ectosomal, 60–96/3.5–6.5 µm), two categories of anchorate isochelae (I. 48–60 µm and II. 12–17 µm) and sigmas (40–58 µm). So far, the only
<taxonomicName id="5AA9FDF5FF9BF66E61D8FA61FAEFFA36" authorityName="Rezvoi" authorityYear="1925" box="[1246,1379,1483,1509]" class="Demospongiae" family="Crellidae" genus="Crellomima" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="16" pageNumber="369" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF9BF66E61D8FA61FAEFFA36" box="[1246,1379,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="369">Crellomima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with sigmas and two categories of anchorate isochelae.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D5B3D5FDFF9BF66F65C1F9B8FDBBF9C8" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="370" pageId="16" pageNumber="369" type="description">
<paragraph id="9D168676FF9BF66E65C1F9B8FD1CF94A" blockId="16.[151,1437,1194,2014]" pageId="16" pageNumber="369">
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF9BF66E65C1F9B8FED5F9FF" bold="true" box="[199,345,1554,1580]" pageId="16" pageNumber="369">Description.</emphasis>
Only a small, thinly encrusting preserved fragment (
<figureCitation id="05929AF3FF9BF66E66BCF9B9FB9AF9FE" box="[954,1046,1555,1581]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="17.[151,250,746,770]" captionTargetBox="[156,1431,273,723]" captionTargetId="figure-59@17.[156,1431,273,723]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 8. Crellomima sigmatifera Fernandez, Gastaldi &amp; Hajdu, sp. nov.: type material preserved (A–B). A, encrusting specimen (holotype―IZUA-POR 172) over shell of a barnacle, in preservative (ethanol 70%). B, surface and part of the choanosomal region of the holotype (e. = ectosome, and c. = choanosome). Scale bars: A = 5 mm; B = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5572189" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5572189/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="369">Fig. 8A</figureCitation>
); 1.7 (L) x 1.1 (W) x
<quantity id="5A512B93FF9BF66E6011F9B9FAE9F9FE" box="[1303,1381,1555,1581]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="369" unit="cm" value="0.3">0.3 cm</quantity>
(H). Surface smooth, with a thin, easily detachable membrane (
<figureCitation id="05929AF3FF9BF66E661BF99DFCFFF982" box="[797,883,1591,1617]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="17.[151,250,746,770]" captionTargetBox="[156,1431,273,723]" captionTargetId="figure-59@17.[156,1431,273,723]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 8. Crellomima sigmatifera Fernandez, Gastaldi &amp; Hajdu, sp. nov.: type material preserved (A–B). A, encrusting specimen (holotype―IZUA-POR 172) over shell of a barnacle, in preservative (ethanol 70%). B, surface and part of the choanosomal region of the holotype (e. = ectosome, and c. = choanosome). Scale bars: A = 5 mm; B = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5572189" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5572189/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="369">Fig. 8B</figureCitation>
). Oscules, pore sieves and subectosomal channels not observed. Consistency delicate, texture slightly rough. Color in life not recorded and light beige (internally slightly darker beige) in preserved specimen.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D168676FF9BF66F65C1F908FB93FF2A" blockId="16.[151,1437,1194,2014]" lastBlockId="17.[151,1437,150,249]" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="370" pageId="16" pageNumber="369">
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF9BF66E65C1F908FEB9F96F" bold="true" box="[199,309,1698,1724]" pageId="16" pageNumber="369">Skeleton.</emphasis>
Plumoreticulate architecture (
<figureCitation id="05929AF3FF9BF66E6787F909FD55F96E" box="[641,729,1699,1725]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1723,1747]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,417,1700]" captionTargetId="figure-120@18.[152,1435,417,1700]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 9. Crellomima sigmatifera Fernandez, Gastaldi &amp; Hajdu, sp. nov.: skeleton (A–F) and spicules (G–N, in SEM) of the holotype―IZUA-POR 172. A, transverse section. B, tornotes in vertical arrangement at the subectosomal region. C, tornotes in bouquets at the ectosomal region. C, ectosomal layer of ectosomal acanthostyles.D, detail of the ectosomal layer with ectosomal acanthostyles. E, choanosomal reticulation of choanosomal acanthostyles I equinated by choanosomal acanthostyles II. F, choanosomal acanthostyles I and II echinating a basal plate of spongin, which covers debris. G, tornotes. H, extremities of the tornotes. I, choanosomal acanthostyles I. J, choanosomal acanthostyle II. K, ectosomal acanthostyles. L, anchorate isochelae I. M, anchorate isochelae II. N, sigmas. Scale bars: A = 500 µm; B–D = 50 µm; E = 250 µm; F = 100 µm; G = 50 µm; H = 5 µm; I–J = 50 µm; K–L = 25 µm; M = 5 µm; N = 25 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5572193" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5572193/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="369">Fig. 9A</figureCitation>
). Ectosomal region with several tornotes in vertical arrangement (
<figureCitation id="05929AF3FF9BF66E65A6F96DFF7AF932" box="[160,246,1735,1761]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1723,1747]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,417,1700]" captionTargetId="figure-120@18.[152,1435,417,1700]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 9. Crellomima sigmatifera Fernandez, Gastaldi &amp; Hajdu, sp. nov.: skeleton (A–F) and spicules (G–N, in SEM) of the holotype―IZUA-POR 172. A, transverse section. B, tornotes in vertical arrangement at the subectosomal region. C, tornotes in bouquets at the ectosomal region. C, ectosomal layer of ectosomal acanthostyles.D, detail of the ectosomal layer with ectosomal acanthostyles. E, choanosomal reticulation of choanosomal acanthostyles I equinated by choanosomal acanthostyles II. F, choanosomal acanthostyles I and II echinating a basal plate of spongin, which covers debris. G, tornotes. H, extremities of the tornotes. I, choanosomal acanthostyles I. J, choanosomal acanthostyle II. K, ectosomal acanthostyles. L, anchorate isochelae I. M, anchorate isochelae II. N, sigmas. Scale bars: A = 500 µm; B–D = 50 µm; E = 250 µm; F = 100 µm; G = 50 µm; H = 5 µm; I–J = 50 µm; K–L = 25 µm; M = 5 µm; N = 25 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5572193" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5572193/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="369">Fig. 9B</figureCitation>
) and in bouquets (
<figureCitation id="05929AF3FF9BF66E64CDF96DFDA8F932" box="[459,548,1735,1761]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1723,1747]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,417,1700]" captionTargetId="figure-120@18.[152,1435,417,1700]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 9. Crellomima sigmatifera Fernandez, Gastaldi &amp; Hajdu, sp. nov.: skeleton (A–F) and spicules (G–N, in SEM) of the holotype―IZUA-POR 172. A, transverse section. B, tornotes in vertical arrangement at the subectosomal region. C, tornotes in bouquets at the ectosomal region. C, ectosomal layer of ectosomal acanthostyles.D, detail of the ectosomal layer with ectosomal acanthostyles. E, choanosomal reticulation of choanosomal acanthostyles I equinated by choanosomal acanthostyles II. F, choanosomal acanthostyles I and II echinating a basal plate of spongin, which covers debris. G, tornotes. H, extremities of the tornotes. I, choanosomal acanthostyles I. J, choanosomal acanthostyle II. K, ectosomal acanthostyles. L, anchorate isochelae I. M, anchorate isochelae II. N, sigmas. Scale bars: A = 500 µm; B–D = 50 µm; E = 250 µm; F = 100 µm; G = 50 µm; H = 5 µm; I–J = 50 µm; K–L = 25 µm; M = 5 µm; N = 25 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5572193" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5572193/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="369">Fig. 9C</figureCitation>
), which rarely protrude to the surface (up to 50 µm high); tornotes only in the ectosomal and subectosomal regions. A continuous layer of acanthostyles (ectosomal category) at the ectosome, ca. 50 µm thick. Ectosomal acanthostyles disposed in tangential to paratangential arrangement (
<figureCitation id="05929AF3FF9BF66E6190F8A5FB63F8FA" box="[1174,1263,1807,1833]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1723,1747]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,417,1700]" captionTargetId="figure-120@18.[152,1435,417,1700]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 9. Crellomima sigmatifera Fernandez, Gastaldi &amp; Hajdu, sp. nov.: skeleton (A–F) and spicules (G–N, in SEM) of the holotype―IZUA-POR 172. A, transverse section. B, tornotes in vertical arrangement at the subectosomal region. C, tornotes in bouquets at the ectosomal region. C, ectosomal layer of ectosomal acanthostyles.D, detail of the ectosomal layer with ectosomal acanthostyles. E, choanosomal reticulation of choanosomal acanthostyles I equinated by choanosomal acanthostyles II. F, choanosomal acanthostyles I and II echinating a basal plate of spongin, which covers debris. G, tornotes. H, extremities of the tornotes. I, choanosomal acanthostyles I. J, choanosomal acanthostyle II. K, ectosomal acanthostyles. L, anchorate isochelae I. M, anchorate isochelae II. N, sigmas. Scale bars: A = 500 µm; B–D = 50 µm; E = 250 µm; F = 100 µm; G = 50 µm; H = 5 µm; I–J = 50 µm; K–L = 25 µm; M = 5 µm; N = 25 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5572193" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5572193/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="369">Fig. 9D</figureCitation>
). Choanosomal region with acanthostyles (larger choanosomal category) in plumoreticulate tracts, quinated by smaller acanthostyles (smaller choanosomal category) (
<figureCitation id="05929AF3FF9BF66E671AF8FDFD0FF8A2" box="[540,643,1879,1905]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1723,1747]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,417,1700]" captionTargetId="figure-120@18.[152,1435,417,1700]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 9. Crellomima sigmatifera Fernandez, Gastaldi &amp; Hajdu, sp. nov.: skeleton (A–F) and spicules (G–N, in SEM) of the holotype―IZUA-POR 172. A, transverse section. B, tornotes in vertical arrangement at the subectosomal region. C, tornotes in bouquets at the ectosomal region. C, ectosomal layer of ectosomal acanthostyles.D, detail of the ectosomal layer with ectosomal acanthostyles. E, choanosomal reticulation of choanosomal acanthostyles I equinated by choanosomal acanthostyles II. F, choanosomal acanthostyles I and II echinating a basal plate of spongin, which covers debris. G, tornotes. H, extremities of the tornotes. I, choanosomal acanthostyles I. J, choanosomal acanthostyle II. K, ectosomal acanthostyles. L, anchorate isochelae I. M, anchorate isochelae II. N, sigmas. Scale bars: A = 500 µm; B–D = 50 µm; E = 250 µm; F = 100 µm; G = 50 µm; H = 5 µm; I–J = 50 µm; K–L = 25 µm; M = 5 µm; N = 25 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5572193" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5572193/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="369">Figs. 9E</figureCitation>
). Both categories of choanosomal acanthostyles erect on inclusions of debris and substrate too (
<figureCitation id="05929AF3FF9BF66E64DBF8D1FDB9F846" box="[477,565,1915,1941]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1723,1747]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,417,1700]" captionTargetId="figure-120@18.[152,1435,417,1700]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 9. Crellomima sigmatifera Fernandez, Gastaldi &amp; Hajdu, sp. nov.: skeleton (A–F) and spicules (G–N, in SEM) of the holotype―IZUA-POR 172. A, transverse section. B, tornotes in vertical arrangement at the subectosomal region. C, tornotes in bouquets at the ectosomal region. C, ectosomal layer of ectosomal acanthostyles.D, detail of the ectosomal layer with ectosomal acanthostyles. E, choanosomal reticulation of choanosomal acanthostyles I equinated by choanosomal acanthostyles II. F, choanosomal acanthostyles I and II echinating a basal plate of spongin, which covers debris. G, tornotes. H, extremities of the tornotes. I, choanosomal acanthostyles I. J, choanosomal acanthostyle II. K, ectosomal acanthostyles. L, anchorate isochelae I. M, anchorate isochelae II. N, sigmas. Scale bars: A = 500 µm; B–D = 50 µm; E = 250 µm; F = 100 µm; G = 50 µm; H = 5 µm; I–J = 50 µm; K–L = 25 µm; M = 5 µm; N = 25 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5572193" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5572193/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="369">Fig. 9F</figureCitation>
). Ectosomal acanthostyles around channels at the choanosome, less usually scattered throughout the skeleton. All categories of acanthostyles (ectosomal and choanosomal) are distinguished by size (length and width) and patterns of spination. Anchorate isochelae (two categories) and sigmas (one category) scattered throughout the choanosome. In spongin, rounded subectosomal (up to 500 µm longer length) and choanosomal channels (up to 150 µm longer length). No spongin fibers throughout the skeleton. A basal spongin plate covers debris/substrates echinated by choanosomal acanthostyles (
<figureCitation id="05929AF3FF9AF66F66BBFF75FB9EFF2A" box="[957,1042,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1723,1747]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,417,1700]" captionTargetId="figure-120@18.[152,1435,417,1700]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 9. Crellomima sigmatifera Fernandez, Gastaldi &amp; Hajdu, sp. nov.: skeleton (A–F) and spicules (G–N, in SEM) of the holotype―IZUA-POR 172. A, transverse section. B, tornotes in vertical arrangement at the subectosomal region. C, tornotes in bouquets at the ectosomal region. C, ectosomal layer of ectosomal acanthostyles.D, detail of the ectosomal layer with ectosomal acanthostyles. E, choanosomal reticulation of choanosomal acanthostyles I equinated by choanosomal acanthostyles II. F, choanosomal acanthostyles I and II echinating a basal plate of spongin, which covers debris. G, tornotes. H, extremities of the tornotes. I, choanosomal acanthostyles I. J, choanosomal acanthostyle II. K, ectosomal acanthostyles. L, anchorate isochelae I. M, anchorate isochelae II. N, sigmas. Scale bars: A = 500 µm; B–D = 50 µm; E = 250 µm; F = 100 µm; G = 50 µm; H = 5 µm; I–J = 50 µm; K–L = 25 µm; M = 5 µm; N = 25 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5572193" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5572193/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="370">Fig. 9F</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="C9D6D6FEFF9AF66F6591FD40FA8DFC99" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5572189" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5572189" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5572189/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="370" startId="17.[151,250,746,770]" targetBox="[156,1431,273,723]" targetPageId="17">
<paragraph id="9D168676FF9AF66F6591FD40FA8DFC99" blockId="17.[151,1437,746,843]" pageId="17" pageNumber="370">
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF9AF66F6591FD40FE98FCD1" bold="true" box="[151,276,746,770]" pageId="17" pageNumber="370">FIGURE 8.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="5AA9FDF5FF9AF66F641AFD41FCD3FCD1" authority="Fernandez, Gastaldi &amp; Hajdu" authorityName="Fernandez, Gastaldi &amp; Hajdu" authorityYear="2021" box="[284,863,746,771]" class="Demospongiae" family="Crellidae" genus="Crellomima" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="17" pageNumber="370" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="sigmatifera" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF9AF66F641AFD41FD83FCD0" box="[284,527,747,771]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="370">Crellomima sigmatifera</emphasis>
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF9AF66F6711FD41FCD3FCD1" bold="true" box="[535,863,746,771]" pageId="17" pageNumber="370">Fernandez, Gastaldi &amp; Hajdu</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF9AF66F6659FD40FC31FCD0" bold="true" box="[863,957,746,771]" pageId="17" pageNumber="370">
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B4EEE71FFF9AF66F666DFD41FC31FCD0" box="[875,957,747,771]" pageId="17" pageNumber="370" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
: type material preserved (
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF9AF66F61CAFD40FB70FCD1" bold="true" box="[1228,1276,746,770]" pageId="17" pageNumber="370">A–B</emphasis>
).
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF9AF66F6014FD40FAA8FCD1" bold="true" box="[1298,1316,746,770]" pageId="17" pageNumber="370">A</emphasis>
, encrusting specimen (holotype―IZUA-POR 172) over shell of a barnacle, in preservative (ethanol 70%).
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF9AF66F618FFCA5FB16FCF4" bold="true" box="[1161,1178,783,807]" pageId="17" pageNumber="370">B</emphasis>
, surface and part of the choanosomal region of the holotype (e. = ectosome, and c. = choanosome). Scale bars:
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF9AF66F610DFC98FB91FC99" bold="true" box="[1035,1053,818,842]" pageId="17" pageNumber="370">A</emphasis>
= 5 mm;
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF9AF66F6186FC99FB1DFC98" bold="true" box="[1152,1169,819,843]" pageId="17" pageNumber="370">B</emphasis>
= 0.5 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="9D168676FF9AF66F65C1FCD2FDBBF9C8" blockId="17.[151,1437,888,2032]" pageId="17" pageNumber="370">
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF9AF66F65C1FCD2FEBCFC41" bold="true" box="[199,304,888,914]" pageId="17" pageNumber="370">Spicules.</emphasis>
Megascleres (
<tableCitation id="D02BB3CDFF9AF66F64DCFCD3FDBBFC40" box="[474,567,889,915]" captionStart="TABLE 4" captionStartId="19.[150,238,474,500]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="TABLE 4. Distribution, batymetry (m), external characters and measurements (μm) of spicules of all known species of Crellomima Rezvoi, 1925. Measurements are presented as," httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/C9D6D6FEFF98F66D6590FE70F87AFDEF" pageId="17" pageNumber="370" tableUuid="C9D6D6FEFF98F66D6590FE70F87AFDEF">Table 4</tableCitation>
). Tornotes or anisotornotes (
<figureCitation id="05929AF3FF9AF66F668EFCD3FB98FC40" box="[904,1044,889,915]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1723,1747]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,417,1700]" captionTargetId="figure-120@18.[152,1435,417,1700]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 9. Crellomima sigmatifera Fernandez, Gastaldi &amp; Hajdu, sp. nov.: skeleton (A–F) and spicules (G–N, in SEM) of the holotype―IZUA-POR 172. A, transverse section. B, tornotes in vertical arrangement at the subectosomal region. C, tornotes in bouquets at the ectosomal region. C, ectosomal layer of ectosomal acanthostyles.D, detail of the ectosomal layer with ectosomal acanthostyles. E, choanosomal reticulation of choanosomal acanthostyles I equinated by choanosomal acanthostyles II. F, choanosomal acanthostyles I and II echinating a basal plate of spongin, which covers debris. G, tornotes. H, extremities of the tornotes. I, choanosomal acanthostyles I. J, choanosomal acanthostyle II. K, ectosomal acanthostyles. L, anchorate isochelae I. M, anchorate isochelae II. N, sigmas. Scale bars: A = 500 µm; B–D = 50 µm; E = 250 µm; F = 100 µm; G = 50 µm; H = 5 µm; I–J = 50 µm; K–L = 25 µm; M = 5 µm; N = 25 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5572193" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5572193/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="370">Figs. 9G–H</figureCitation>
), straight to slightly sinuous, tips mucronate to lanceolate; juvenile forms slender:,188–
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF9AF66F6628FC37FCE1FC64" box="[814,877,925,951]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="370">221.5</emphasis>
(19.4)–255/3–
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF9AF66F611AFC37FBB3FC64" box="[1052,1087,925,951]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="370">5.8</emphasis>
(1.4)
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF9AF66F6183FC34FB1FFC64" box="[1157,1171,926,951]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="370">–</emphasis>
7.2 µm. Choanosomal acanthostyles I (
<figureCitation id="05929AF3FF9AF66F6453FC6BFE2BFC08" box="[341,423,961,987]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1723,1747]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,417,1700]" captionTargetId="figure-120@18.[152,1435,417,1700]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 9. Crellomima sigmatifera Fernandez, Gastaldi &amp; Hajdu, sp. nov.: skeleton (A–F) and spicules (G–N, in SEM) of the holotype―IZUA-POR 172. A, transverse section. B, tornotes in vertical arrangement at the subectosomal region. C, tornotes in bouquets at the ectosomal region. C, ectosomal layer of ectosomal acanthostyles.D, detail of the ectosomal layer with ectosomal acanthostyles. E, choanosomal reticulation of choanosomal acanthostyles I equinated by choanosomal acanthostyles II. F, choanosomal acanthostyles I and II echinating a basal plate of spongin, which covers debris. G, tornotes. H, extremities of the tornotes. I, choanosomal acanthostyles I. J, choanosomal acanthostyle II. K, ectosomal acanthostyles. L, anchorate isochelae I. M, anchorate isochelae II. N, sigmas. Scale bars: A = 500 µm; B–D = 50 µm; E = 250 µm; F = 100 µm; G = 50 µm; H = 5 µm; I–J = 50 µm; K–L = 25 µm; M = 5 µm; N = 25 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5572193" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5572193/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="370">Fig. 9I</figureCitation>
), largest category of acanthostyles, usually curved, fully spined, bases blunt to slightly swollen, tips acerate; spines small (up to 5 µm high), evenly distributed, straight to slightly bent towards the bases; juvenile forms slender, with smaller, straight spines: 250–
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF9AF66F6637FBA3FCFCFBF0" box="[817,880,1033,1059]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="370">266.7</emphasis>
(12.7)–285/12.5–
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF9AF66F613AFBA3FBD4FBF0" box="[1084,1112,1033,1059]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="370">15</emphasis>
(1.6)–17 µm. Choanosomal acanthostyles II (
<figureCitation id="05929AF3FF9AF66F645DFB87FE21FB94" box="[347,429,1069,1095]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1723,1747]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,417,1700]" captionTargetId="figure-120@18.[152,1435,417,1700]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 9. Crellomima sigmatifera Fernandez, Gastaldi &amp; Hajdu, sp. nov.: skeleton (A–F) and spicules (G–N, in SEM) of the holotype―IZUA-POR 172. A, transverse section. B, tornotes in vertical arrangement at the subectosomal region. C, tornotes in bouquets at the ectosomal region. C, ectosomal layer of ectosomal acanthostyles.D, detail of the ectosomal layer with ectosomal acanthostyles. E, choanosomal reticulation of choanosomal acanthostyles I equinated by choanosomal acanthostyles II. F, choanosomal acanthostyles I and II echinating a basal plate of spongin, which covers debris. G, tornotes. H, extremities of the tornotes. I, choanosomal acanthostyles I. J, choanosomal acanthostyle II. K, ectosomal acanthostyles. L, anchorate isochelae I. M, anchorate isochelae II. N, sigmas. Scale bars: A = 500 µm; B–D = 50 µm; E = 250 µm; F = 100 µm; G = 50 µm; H = 5 µm; I–J = 50 µm; K–L = 25 µm; M = 5 µm; N = 25 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5572193" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5572193/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="370">Fig. 9J</figureCitation>
), intermediate category of acanthostyles, smaller and thinner than the previuous, almost straight, fully spined; spines small (up to 3.5 µm high), evenly distributed, straight to slightly bent towards the base; juvenile forms slender, with smaller and straight spines: 100–
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF9AF66F6662FBDFFC2FFB5C" box="[868,931,1141,1167]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="370">123.5</emphasis>
(13.1)–140/7.
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF9AF66F6140FBDFFBF6FB5C" box="[1094,1146,1141,1167]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="370">5– 9</emphasis>
(0.9)–10 µm. Ectosomal acanthostyles (
<figureCitation id="05929AF3FF9AF66F6439FB33FE17FB60" box="[319,411,1177,1203]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1723,1747]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,417,1700]" captionTargetId="figure-120@18.[152,1435,417,1700]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 9. Crellomima sigmatifera Fernandez, Gastaldi &amp; Hajdu, sp. nov.: skeleton (A–F) and spicules (G–N, in SEM) of the holotype―IZUA-POR 172. A, transverse section. B, tornotes in vertical arrangement at the subectosomal region. C, tornotes in bouquets at the ectosomal region. C, ectosomal layer of ectosomal acanthostyles.D, detail of the ectosomal layer with ectosomal acanthostyles. E, choanosomal reticulation of choanosomal acanthostyles I equinated by choanosomal acanthostyles II. F, choanosomal acanthostyles I and II echinating a basal plate of spongin, which covers debris. G, tornotes. H, extremities of the tornotes. I, choanosomal acanthostyles I. J, choanosomal acanthostyle II. K, ectosomal acanthostyles. L, anchorate isochelae I. M, anchorate isochelae II. N, sigmas. Scale bars: A = 500 µm; B–D = 50 µm; E = 250 µm; F = 100 µm; G = 50 µm; H = 5 µm; I–J = 50 µm; K–L = 25 µm; M = 5 µm; N = 25 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5572193" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5572193/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="370">Fig. 9K</figureCitation>
), the smallest category of acanthostyles, slightly curved to slightly sinuous, isodyametric, fully spined, bases blunt (no tyle), tips conical to acerate, acanthoxea forms not observed; spines small (up to 2.8 µm high), straight, evenly distributed; juvenile forms slender, with several smaller, thinner spines: 60–
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF9AF66F606DFB4BFA10FB28" box="[1387,1436,1249,1275]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="370">83.8</emphasis>
(11.5)–96/3.5–
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF9AF66F643BFAAFFEECFACC" box="[317,352,1285,1311]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="370">5.8</emphasis>
(1)–6.5 µm. Microscleres (
<tableCitation id="D02BB3CDFF9AF66F6791FAAFFD7CFACC" box="[663,752,1285,1311]" captionStart="TABLE 4" captionStartId="19.[150,238,474,500]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="TABLE 4. Distribution, batymetry (m), external characters and measurements (μm) of spicules of all known species of Crellomima Rezvoi, 1925. Measurements are presented as," httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/C9D6D6FEFF98F66D6590FE70F87AFDEF" pageId="17" pageNumber="370" tableUuid="C9D6D6FEFF98F66D6590FE70F87AFDEF">Table 4</tableCitation>
). Anchorate isochelae I (
<figureCitation id="05929AF3FF9AF66F610DFAAFFBEFFACC" box="[1035,1123,1285,1311]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1723,1747]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,417,1700]" captionTargetId="figure-120@18.[152,1435,417,1700]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 9. Crellomima sigmatifera Fernandez, Gastaldi &amp; Hajdu, sp. nov.: skeleton (A–F) and spicules (G–N, in SEM) of the holotype―IZUA-POR 172. A, transverse section. B, tornotes in vertical arrangement at the subectosomal region. C, tornotes in bouquets at the ectosomal region. C, ectosomal layer of ectosomal acanthostyles.D, detail of the ectosomal layer with ectosomal acanthostyles. E, choanosomal reticulation of choanosomal acanthostyles I equinated by choanosomal acanthostyles II. F, choanosomal acanthostyles I and II echinating a basal plate of spongin, which covers debris. G, tornotes. H, extremities of the tornotes. I, choanosomal acanthostyles I. J, choanosomal acanthostyle II. K, ectosomal acanthostyles. L, anchorate isochelae I. M, anchorate isochelae II. N, sigmas. Scale bars: A = 500 µm; B–D = 50 µm; E = 250 µm; F = 100 µm; G = 50 µm; H = 5 µm; I–J = 50 µm; K–L = 25 µm; M = 5 µm; N = 25 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5572193" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5572193/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="370">Fig. 9L</figureCitation>
), larger, tridentate (usually) or polydentate (up to four teeth, less frequent); axis slightly curved, smooth and thicker on both extremities; alae (teeth) elongated, with slightly unguiferate tips; distance between opposite alae, ca. 1/3 of maximum chelae length; juvenile forms with slender, unguiferate alae (reduced alae): 48–
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF9AF66F6658FADBFC03FA58" box="[862,911,1393,1419]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="370">54.6</emphasis>
(4.8)–60 µm. Anchorate isochelae II (
<figureCitation id="05929AF3FF9AF66F6034FADBFA03FA58" box="[1330,1423,1393,1419]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1723,1747]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,417,1700]" captionTargetId="figure-120@18.[152,1435,417,1700]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 9. Crellomima sigmatifera Fernandez, Gastaldi &amp; Hajdu, sp. nov.: skeleton (A–F) and spicules (G–N, in SEM) of the holotype―IZUA-POR 172. A, transverse section. B, tornotes in vertical arrangement at the subectosomal region. C, tornotes in bouquets at the ectosomal region. C, ectosomal layer of ectosomal acanthostyles.D, detail of the ectosomal layer with ectosomal acanthostyles. E, choanosomal reticulation of choanosomal acanthostyles I equinated by choanosomal acanthostyles II. F, choanosomal acanthostyles I and II echinating a basal plate of spongin, which covers debris. G, tornotes. H, extremities of the tornotes. I, choanosomal acanthostyles I. J, choanosomal acanthostyle II. K, ectosomal acanthostyles. L, anchorate isochelae I. M, anchorate isochelae II. N, sigmas. Scale bars: A = 500 µm; B–D = 50 µm; E = 250 µm; F = 100 µm; G = 50 µm; H = 5 µm; I–J = 50 µm; K–L = 25 µm; M = 5 µm; N = 25 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5572193" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5572193/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="370">Fig. 9M</figureCitation>
), smaller, less frequent, spatuliferous and tridentate; axis slightly curved, smooth and thicker on both extremities; alae elongated, spatuliferous and with rounded tips; very short distance between opposite alae, ca. 1/4 of maximum chelae length; juvenile forms slender and smaller: 12–
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF9AF66F67FFFA77FC99FA24" box="[761,789,1501,1527]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="370">15</emphasis>
(2.3)–17 µm. Sigmas (
<figureCitation id="05929AF3FF9AF66F611FFA77FBFFFA24" box="[1049,1139,1501,1527]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1723,1747]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,417,1700]" captionTargetId="figure-120@18.[152,1435,417,1700]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 9. Crellomima sigmatifera Fernandez, Gastaldi &amp; Hajdu, sp. nov.: skeleton (A–F) and spicules (G–N, in SEM) of the holotype―IZUA-POR 172. A, transverse section. B, tornotes in vertical arrangement at the subectosomal region. C, tornotes in bouquets at the ectosomal region. C, ectosomal layer of ectosomal acanthostyles.D, detail of the ectosomal layer with ectosomal acanthostyles. E, choanosomal reticulation of choanosomal acanthostyles I equinated by choanosomal acanthostyles II. F, choanosomal acanthostyles I and II echinating a basal plate of spongin, which covers debris. G, tornotes. H, extremities of the tornotes. I, choanosomal acanthostyles I. J, choanosomal acanthostyle II. K, ectosomal acanthostyles. L, anchorate isochelae I. M, anchorate isochelae II. N, sigmas. Scale bars: A = 500 µm; B–D = 50 µm; E = 250 µm; F = 100 µm; G = 50 µm; H = 5 µm; I–J = 50 µm; K–L = 25 µm; M = 5 µm; N = 25 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5572193" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5572193/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="370">Fig. 9N</figureCitation>
), ‘c’ or ‘s’ shaped, smooth and sharp tips: 40–
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF9AF66F646DF9ABFE10F9C8" box="[363,412,1537,1563]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="370">50.5</emphasis>
(5.4)–58 µm.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D5B3D5FDFF9AF66F65C1F98FFCFEF9B0" pageId="17" pageNumber="370" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="9D168676FF9AF66F65C1F98FFCFEF9B0" blockId="17.[151,1437,888,2032]" pageId="17" pageNumber="370">
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF9AF66F65C1F98FFEA0F9EC" bold="true" box="[199,300,1573,1599]" pageId="17" pageNumber="370">Ecology.</emphasis>
The specimen grew over a barnacle shell, in close association with a haplosclerid sponge; oxeas can be seen in tracts or scattered in the skeleton slide of the
<typeStatus id="421238D4FF9AF66F660EF9E3FCE2F9B0" box="[776,878,1609,1635]" pageId="17" pageNumber="370" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D5B3D5FDFF9AF66F65C1F9C7FB34F954" box="[199,1208,1645,1671]" pageId="17" pageNumber="370" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="9D168676FF9AF66F65C1F9C7FB34F954" blockId="17.[151,1437,888,2032]" box="[199,1208,1645,1671]" pageId="17" pageNumber="370">
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF9AF66F65C1F9C7FEEDF954" bold="true" box="[199,353,1645,1671]" pageId="17" pageNumber="370">Distribution.</emphasis>
Known only from its
<typeStatus id="421238D4FF9AF66F675FF9C7FD05F954" box="[601,649,1645,1671]" pageId="17" pageNumber="370">type</typeStatus>
locality, at Palvitad fjord, southern
<collectingCountry id="E5BEC6E6FF9AF66F611CF9C7FBDBF954" box="[1050,1111,1645,1671]" name="Chile" pageId="17" pageNumber="370">Chile</collectingCountry>
(
<figureCitation id="05929AF3FF9AF66F6160F9C7FB2BF954" box="[1126,1191,1645,1671]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1490,1514]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1465]" captionTargetId="figure-31@2.[151,1435,181,1465]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Map of collection points. A, southern South America and arrow pointing to 1—off Santa Cruz province, Argentina Sea. B, Desventuradas Archipelago and arrow pointing to 2—San Ambrosio Island. C, Chiloé Island and Corcovado Gulf showing zoomed out to D (arrows ponting to 3—Puñihuil, Cocotue bay, 4—Duahatao and 5—Metalqui Island) and zoomed in to E (arrow pointing to 6—Rada Negra, Palvitad fjord). Scale bars: A = 500 km; B = 10 km; C = 20 km; D–E = 5km. Map from Google Earth." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5572171" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5572171/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="370">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D5B3D5FDFF9AF66F65C1F93BFA99F91C" pageId="17" pageNumber="370" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="9D168676FF9AF66F65C1F93BFA99F91C" blockId="17.[151,1437,888,2032]" pageId="17" pageNumber="370">
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF9AF66F65C1F93BFEC2F978" bold="true" box="[199,334,1681,1707]" pageId="17" pageNumber="370">Etymology.</emphasis>
The name ‘sigmatifera’ is derived from sigmata (= sigma microscleres) +
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF9AF66F619EF93BFB49F978" box="[1176,1221,1681,1707]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="370">fera</emphasis>
(= Latin prefix for “bearer”). The possession of sigmas microscleres is the main diagnostic character for this new species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D5B3D5FDFF9AF66A65C1F973FEDEFD1E" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="373" pageId="17" pageNumber="370" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="9D168676FF9AF66F65C1F973FB65F88C" blockId="17.[151,1437,888,2032]" pageId="17" pageNumber="370">
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF9AF66F65C1F973FEB7F920" bold="true" box="[199,315,1753,1779]" pageId="17" pageNumber="370">Remarks.</emphasis>
Until recently
<taxonomicName id="5AA9FDF5FF9AF66F64E2F973FDE5F920" authorityName="Rezvoi" authorityYear="1925" box="[484,617,1753,1779]" class="Demospongiae" family="Crellidae" genus="Crellomima" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="17" pageNumber="370" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF9AF66F64E2F973FDE5F920" box="[484,617,1753,1779]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="370">Crellomima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was known only from three species, all them from the Arctic Ocean;
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF9AF66F6070F970FA11F920" box="[1398,1437,1754,1779]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="370">viz.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="5AA9FDF5FF9AF66F6591F957FE4AF8C4" authority="Hentschel, 1929" authorityName="Hentschel" authorityYear="1929" box="[151,454,1789,1815]" class="Demospongiae" family="Crellidae" genus="Crellomima" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="17" pageNumber="370" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="derma">
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF9AF66F6591F957FE8EF8C4" box="[151,258,1789,1815]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="370">C. derma</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="F938FB87FF9AF66F640DF957FE4AF8C4" author="Hentschel, E." box="[267,454,1789,1815]" pageId="17" pageNumber="370" pagination="857 - 1042" refId="ref17647" refString="Hentschel, E. (1929) Die Kiesel- und Hornschwamme des Nordlichen Eismeers. In: Romer, F., Schaudinn, F., Brauer, A. &amp; Arndt, W. (Eds.), Fauna Arctica. Eine Zusammenstellung der arktischen Tierformen mit besonderer Berucksichtigung des Spitzbergen-Gebietes auf Grund der Ergebnisse der Deutschen Expedition in das Nordliche Eismeer im Jahre 1898. G. Fischer, Jena, pp. 857 - 1042." type="book chapter" year="1929">Hentschel, 1929</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="5AA9FDF5FF9AF66F64D5F957FC9AF8CB" authority="Rezvoi, 1925" authorityName="Rezvoi" authorityYear="1925" box="[467,790,1789,1816]" class="Demospongiae" family="Crellidae" genus="Crellomima" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="17" pageNumber="370" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="imparidans">
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF9AF66F64D5F957FDFAF8C4" box="[467,630,1789,1815]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="370">C. imparidans</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="F938FB87FF9AF66F6779F957FC9AF8CB" author="Rezvoi, P." box="[639,790,1789,1816]" pageId="17" pageNumber="370" pagination="193 - 201" refId="ref18777" refString="Rezvoi, P. (1925) Uber neue Schwamme aus den Meeren der russischen Arctis. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 62 (9 / 10), 193 - 201." type="journal article" year="1925">Rezvoi, 1925</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<typeStatus id="421238D4FF9AF66F6621F957FCD5F8C4" box="[807,857,1789,1815]" pageId="17" pageNumber="370">type</typeStatus>
species) and
<taxonomicName id="5AA9FDF5FF9AF66F66F1F957FADFF8C4" authority="Hentschel, 1929" authorityName="Hentschel" authorityYear="1929" box="[1015,1363,1789,1815]" class="Demospongiae" family="Crellidae" genus="Crella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="17" pageNumber="370" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="incrustans">
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF9AF66F66F1F957FB03F8C4" box="[1015,1167,1789,1815]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="370">C. incrustans</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="F938FB87FF9AF66F619EF957FADFF8C4" author="Hentschel, E." box="[1176,1363,1789,1815]" pageId="17" pageNumber="370" pagination="857 - 1042" refId="ref17647" refString="Hentschel, E. (1929) Die Kiesel- und Hornschwamme des Nordlichen Eismeers. In: Romer, F., Schaudinn, F., Brauer, A. &amp; Arndt, W. (Eds.), Fauna Arctica. Eine Zusammenstellung der arktischen Tierformen mit besonderer Berucksichtigung des Spitzbergen-Gebietes auf Grund der Ergebnisse der Deutschen Expedition in das Nordliche Eismeer im Jahre 1898. G. Fischer, Jena, pp. 857 - 1042." type="book chapter" year="1929">Hentschel, 1929</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. Now,
<bibRefCitation id="F938FB87FF9AF66F6591F88BFE1EF8E8" author="Goodwin, C. &amp; Dinn, C. &amp; Nefedova, E. &amp; Nijhof, F. &amp; Murillo, F. J. &amp; Nozeres, C." box="[151,402,1825,1851]" pageId="17" pageNumber="370" pagination="760 - 772" refId="ref17187" refString="Goodwin, C., Dinn, C., Nefedova, E., Nijhof, F., Murillo, F. J. &amp; Nozeres, C. (2021) Two new species of encrusting sponge (Porifera, family Crellidae) from eastern Canada. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 99 (9), 760 - 772. https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / cjz- 2021 - 0041" type="journal article" year="2021">
Goodwin
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF9AF66F6401F888FECCF8E8" box="[263,320,1825,1851]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="370">et al.</emphasis>
(2021)
</bibRefCitation>
has described
<taxonomicName id="5AA9FDF5FF9AF66F673FF88BFEB5F88C" authority="Goodwin, Dinn, Nefedova, Nijhof, Murillo &amp; Nozeres, 2021" authorityName="Goodwin, Dinn, Nefedova, Nijhof, Murillo &amp; Nozeres" authorityYear="2021" class="Demospongiae" family="Crellidae" genus="Crellomima" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="17" pageNumber="370" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="mehqisinpekonuta">
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF9AF66F673FF88BFC1DF8E8" box="[569,913,1825,1851]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="370">Crellomima mehqisinpekonuta</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="F938FB87FF9AF66F669FF88BFEB5F88C" author="Goodwin, C. &amp; Dinn, C. &amp; Nefedova, E. &amp; Nijhof, F. &amp; Murillo, F. J. &amp; Nozeres, C." pageId="17" pageNumber="370" pagination="760 - 772" refId="ref17187" refString="Goodwin, C., Dinn, C., Nefedova, E., Nijhof, F., Murillo, F. J. &amp; Nozeres, C. (2021) Two new species of encrusting sponge (Porifera, family Crellidae) from eastern Canada. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 99 (9), 760 - 772. https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / cjz- 2021 - 0041" type="journal article" year="2021">Goodwin, Dinn, Nefedova, Nijhof, Murillo &amp; Nozères, 2021</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
from northwest Atlantic. Our study presents fifth
<taxonomicName id="5AA9FDF5FF9AF66F666CF8EFFBCAF88C" box="[874,1094,1861,1887]" class="Demospongiae" family="Crellidae" genus="Crellomima" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="17" pageNumber="370" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF9AF66F666CF8EFFC63F88C" box="[874,1007,1861,1887]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="370">Crellomima</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
in worldwide.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D168676FF9AF66C65C1F8C3FE88FF2A" blockId="17.[151,1437,888,2032]" lastBlockId="18.[151,1437,151,394]" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="371" pageId="17" pageNumber="370">
The three Arctic species are thinly encrusting (up to
<quantity id="5A512B93FF9AF66F6606F8C3FCD8F850" box="[768,852,1897,1924]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="370" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
thick) and have a hymedesmioid skeleton (
<bibRefCitation id="F938FB87FF9AF66F602CF8C3FF5EF874" author="Hentschel, E." pageId="17" pageNumber="370" pagination="857 - 1042" refId="ref17647" refString="Hentschel, E. (1929) Die Kiesel- und Hornschwamme des Nordlichen Eismeers. In: Romer, F., Schaudinn, F., Brauer, A. &amp; Arndt, W. (Eds.), Fauna Arctica. Eine Zusammenstellung der arktischen Tierformen mit besonderer Berucksichtigung des Spitzbergen-Gebietes auf Grund der Ergebnisse der Deutschen Expedition in das Nordliche Eismeer im Jahre 1898. G. Fischer, Jena, pp. 857 - 1042." type="book chapter" year="1929">Hentschel 1929</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="F938FB87FF9AF66F65D8F827FEFCF87B" author="Rezvoi, P." box="[222,368,1933,1960]" pageId="17" pageNumber="370" pagination="193 - 201" refId="ref18777" refString="Rezvoi, P. (1925) Uber neue Schwamme aus den Meeren der russischen Arctis. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 62 (9 / 10), 193 - 201." type="journal article" year="1925">Rezvoi 1925</bibRefCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="5AA9FDF5FF9AF66F6484F827FD56F874" authorityName="Goodwin, Dinn, Nefedova, Nijhof, Murillo &amp; Nozeres" authorityYear="2021" box="[386,730,1933,1959]" class="Demospongiae" family="Crellidae" genus="Crellomima" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="17" pageNumber="370" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="mehqisinpekonuta">
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF9AF66F6484F827FD56F874" box="[386,730,1933,1959]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="370">Crellomima mehqisinpekonuta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is thinly encrusting (
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF9AF66F66C0F824FC69F874" box="[966,997,1934,1959]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="370">viz</emphasis>
., author have not mentioned thickness) and has ascending columns of tornotes supported by a layer of basal acanthostyles echinating the substrate (
<bibRefCitation id="F938FB87FF9AF66F6034F81BFE9CF83C" author="Goodwin, C. &amp; Dinn, C. &amp; Nefedova, E. &amp; Nijhof, F. &amp; Murillo, F. J. &amp; Nozeres, C." pageId="17" pageNumber="370" pagination="760 - 772" refId="ref17187" refString="Goodwin, C., Dinn, C., Nefedova, E., Nijhof, F., Murillo, F. J. &amp; Nozeres, C. (2021) Two new species of encrusting sponge (Porifera, family Crellidae) from eastern Canada. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 99 (9), 760 - 772. https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / cjz- 2021 - 0041" type="journal article" year="2021">
Goodwin
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF9AF66F6591F87CFF43F83C" box="[151,207,2005,2031]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="370">et al.</emphasis>
2021
</bibRefCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="5AA9FDF5FF9AF66F6425F87FFC1AF83C" authority="Fernandez, Gastaldi &amp; Hajdu" authorityName="Fernandez, Gastaldi &amp; Hajdu" authorityYear="2021" box="[291,918,2005,2031]" class="Demospongiae" family="Crellidae" genus="Crellomima" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="17" pageNumber="370" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="sigmatifera" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF9AF66F6425F87FFDA2F83C" box="[291,558,2005,2031]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="370">Crellomima sigmatifera</emphasis>
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF9AF66F6735F87FFC1AF83C" bold="true" box="[563,918,2005,2031]" pageId="17" pageNumber="370">Fernandez, Gastaldi &amp; Hajdu</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF9AF66F6690F87FFC76F83C" bold="true" box="[918,1018,2005,2031]" pageId="17" pageNumber="370">
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B4EEE71FFF9AF66F66A4F87FFC76F83C" box="[930,1018,2005,2031]" pageId="17" pageNumber="370" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
is also encrusting (up to
<quantity id="5A512B93FF9AF66F6008F87FFAC2F83C" box="[1294,1358,2005,2031]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="370" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
thick), but has a plumoreticulate skeleton, although, acanthostyles are echinating around embedded debris or at the base of the sponge. Furthermore, the new species is the only
<taxonomicName id="5AA9FDF5FF99F66C67EDFF11FC44FF06" box="[747,968,187,213]" class="Demospongiae" family="Crellidae" genus="Crellomima" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="18" pageNumber="371" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF99F66C67EDFF11FCFCFF06" box="[747,880,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="371">Crellomima</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
with sigmas and two categories of chelae (
<tableCitation id="D02BB3CDFF99F66C6599FF75FF7AFF2A" box="[159,246,223,249]" captionStart="TABLE 4" captionStartId="19.[150,238,474,500]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="TABLE 4. Distribution, batymetry (m), external characters and measurements (μm) of spicules of all known species of Crellomima Rezvoi, 1925. Measurements are presented as," httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/C9D6D6FEFF98F66D6590FE70F87AFDEF" pageId="18" pageNumber="371" tableUuid="C9D6D6FEFF98F66D6590FE70F87AFDEF">Table 4</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D168676FF99F66C65C1FEA9FD95FE59" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,394]" pageId="18" pageNumber="371">
<bibRefCitation id="F938FB87FF99F66C65C1FEA9FE00FECE" author="Hentschel, E." box="[199,396,259,285]" pageId="18" pageNumber="371" pagination="857 - 1042" refId="ref17647" refString="Hentschel, E. (1929) Die Kiesel- und Hornschwamme des Nordlichen Eismeers. In: Romer, F., Schaudinn, F., Brauer, A. &amp; Arndt, W. (Eds.), Fauna Arctica. Eine Zusammenstellung der arktischen Tierformen mit besonderer Berucksichtigung des Spitzbergen-Gebietes auf Grund der Ergebnisse der Deutschen Expedition in das Nordliche Eismeer im Jahre 1898. G. Fischer, Jena, pp. 857 - 1042." type="book chapter" year="1929">Hentschel (1929)</bibRefCitation>
described oscules in
<taxonomicName id="5AA9FDF5FF99F66C678CFEA9FC03FECF" authorityName="Hentschel" authorityYear="1929" box="[650,911,259,285]" class="Demospongiae" family="Crellidae" genus="Crellomima" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="18" pageNumber="371" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="incrustans">
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF99F66C678CFEA9FC03FECF" box="[650,911,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="371">Crellomima incrustans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<bibRefCitation id="F938FB87FF99F66C66CAFEA9FB43FECE" author="Goodwin, C. &amp; Dinn, C. &amp; Nefedova, E. &amp; Nijhof, F. &amp; Murillo, F. J. &amp; Nozeres, C." box="[972,1231,259,285]" pageId="18" pageNumber="371" pagination="760 - 772" refId="ref17187" refString="Goodwin, C., Dinn, C., Nefedova, E., Nijhof, F., Murillo, F. J. &amp; Nozeres, C. (2021) Two new species of encrusting sponge (Porifera, family Crellidae) from eastern Canada. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 99 (9), 760 - 772. https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / cjz- 2021 - 0041" type="journal article" year="2021">
Goodwin
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF99F66C6139FEA9FBF7FECE" box="[1087,1147,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="371">et al.</emphasis>
(2021)
</bibRefCitation>
observed oscules and pore fields in
<taxonomicName id="5AA9FDF5FF99F66C6464FE8DFD36FE92" authorityName="Goodwin, Dinn, Nefedova, Nijhof, Murillo &amp; Nozeres" authorityYear="2021" box="[354,698,295,321]" class="Demospongiae" family="Crellidae" genus="Crellomima" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="18" pageNumber="371" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="mehqisinpekonuta">
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF99F66C6464FE8DFD36FE92" box="[354,698,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="371">Crellomima mehqisinpekonuta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Other species of
<taxonomicName id="5AA9FDF5FF99F66C6680FE8DFB87FE92" authorityName="Rezvoi" authorityYear="1925" box="[902,1035,295,321]" class="Demospongiae" family="Crellidae" genus="Crellomima" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="18" pageNumber="371" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF99F66C6680FE8DFB87FE92" box="[902,1035,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="371">Crellomima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
had no appertures reported on their surfaces, oscula and/or pore sieves (
<bibRefCitation id="F938FB87FF99F66C6730FEE1FD61FEB6" author="Hentschel, E." box="[566,749,331,357]" pageId="18" pageNumber="371" pagination="857 - 1042" refId="ref17647" refString="Hentschel, E. (1929) Die Kiesel- und Hornschwamme des Nordlichen Eismeers. In: Romer, F., Schaudinn, F., Brauer, A. &amp; Arndt, W. (Eds.), Fauna Arctica. Eine Zusammenstellung der arktischen Tierformen mit besonderer Berucksichtigung des Spitzbergen-Gebietes auf Grund der Ergebnisse der Deutschen Expedition in das Nordliche Eismeer im Jahre 1898. G. Fischer, Jena, pp. 857 - 1042." type="book chapter" year="1929">Hentschel 1929</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="F938FB87FF99F66C67FDFEE1FC03FEB6" author="Rezvoi, P." box="[763,911,330,357]" pageId="18" pageNumber="371" pagination="193 - 201" refId="ref18777" refString="Rezvoi, P. (1925) Uber neue Schwamme aus den Meeren der russischen Arctis. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 62 (9 / 10), 193 - 201." type="journal article" year="1925">Rezvoi 1925</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="F938FB87FF99F66C669BFEE1FBD3FEB6" author="Van Soest, R. W. M." box="[925,1119,331,357]" pageId="18" pageNumber="371" pagination="1922" refId="ref19804" refString="Van Soest, R. W. M. (2002 a) Family Crellidae Dendy, 1922. In: Hooper, J. N. A. &amp; van Soest, R. W. M. (Eds.), Systema Porifera. A guide to the classification of sponges. Vol. 1. Kluwer Academic / Plenum Publishers, New York, Boston, Dordrecht, London and Moscow, pp. 546 - 566. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 1 - 4615 - 0747 - 5 _ 59" type="book chapter" year="2002">van Soest 2002a</bibRefCitation>
), including the new species described here (see results above).
</paragraph>
<caption id="C9D6D6FEFF99F66C6591F911FC91F803" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5572193" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5572193" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5572193/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="371" startId="18.[151,250,1723,1747]" targetBox="[152,1435,417,1700]" targetPageId="18">
<paragraph id="9D168676FF99F66C6591F911FC91F803" blockId="18.[151,1437,1723,2000]" pageId="18" pageNumber="371">
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF99F66C6591F911FE99F900" bold="true" box="[151,277,1723,1747]" pageId="18" pageNumber="371">FIGURE 9.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="5AA9FDF5FF99F66C641BF916FCEEF900" authority="Fernandez, Gastaldi &amp; Hajdu" authorityName="Fernandez, Gastaldi &amp; Hajdu" authorityYear="2021" box="[285,866,1723,1748]" class="Demospongiae" family="Crellidae" genus="Crellomima" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="18" pageNumber="371" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="sigmatifera" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF99F66C641BF916FD9CF907" box="[285,528,1724,1748]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="371">Crellomima sigmatifera</emphasis>
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF99F66C671EF916FCEEF900" bold="true" box="[536,866,1723,1748]" pageId="18" pageNumber="371">Fernandez, Gastaldi &amp; Hajdu</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF99F66C6664F911FC4DF907" bold="true" box="[866,961,1723,1748]" pageId="18" pageNumber="371">
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B4EEE71FFF99F66C6668F916FC4DF907" box="[878,961,1724,1748]" pageId="18" pageNumber="371" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
: skeleton (
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF99F66C6133F911FBE8F900" bold="true" box="[1077,1124,1723,1747]" pageId="18" pageNumber="371">A–F</emphasis>
) and spicules (
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF99F66C6005F911FAB9F900" bold="true" box="[1283,1333,1723,1747]" pageId="18" pageNumber="371">G–N</emphasis>
, in SEM) of the holotype―IZUA-POR 172.
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF99F66C6705F975FD99F924" bold="true" box="[515,533,1759,1783]" pageId="18" pageNumber="371">A</emphasis>
, transverse section.
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF99F66C67EDF94AFD70F92B" bold="true" box="[747,764,1760,1784]" pageId="18" pageNumber="371">B</emphasis>
, tornotes in vertical arrangement at the subectosomal region.
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF99F66C6082F975FA1AF924" bold="true" box="[1412,1430,1759,1783]" pageId="18" pageNumber="371">C</emphasis>
, tornotes in bouquets at the ectosomal region.
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF99F66C675FF8A9FDE7F8C8" bold="true" box="[601,619,1795,1819]" pageId="18" pageNumber="371">C</emphasis>
, ectosomal layer of ectosomal acanthostyles.
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF99F66C6135F8AEFBC9F8CF" bold="true" box="[1075,1093,1796,1820]" pageId="18" pageNumber="371">D</emphasis>
, detail of the ectosomal layer with ectosomal acanthostyles.
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF99F66C649FF882FE26F893" bold="true" box="[409,426,1832,1856]" pageId="18" pageNumber="371">E</emphasis>
, choanosomal reticulation of choanosomal acanthostyles I equinated by choanosomal acanthostyles II.
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF99F66C65B3F8E6FF48F8B7" bold="true" box="[181,196,1868,1892]" pageId="18" pageNumber="371">F</emphasis>
, choanosomal acanthostyles I and II echinating a basal plate of spongin, which covers debris.
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF99F66C618DF8E1FB13F8B0" bold="true" box="[1163,1183,1867,1891]" pageId="18" pageNumber="371">G</emphasis>
, tornotes.
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF99F66C600DF8E6FA93F8B7" bold="true" box="[1291,1311,1868,1892]" pageId="18" pageNumber="371">H</emphasis>
, extremities of the tornotes.
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF99F66C6447F8DAFEC7F85B" bold="true" box="[321,331,1904,1928]" pageId="18" pageNumber="371">I</emphasis>
, choanosomal acanthostyles I.
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF99F66C6793F8DAFD2EF85B" bold="true" box="[661,674,1904,1928]" pageId="18" pageNumber="371">J</emphasis>
, choanosomal acanthostyle II.
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF99F66C66EDF8DAFC73F85B" bold="true" box="[1003,1023,1904,1928]" pageId="18" pageNumber="371">K</emphasis>
, ectosomal acanthostyles.
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF99F66C601FF8DAFAA6F85B" bold="true" box="[1305,1322,1904,1928]" pageId="18" pageNumber="371">L</emphasis>
, anchorate isochelae I.
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF99F66C6409F83EFEABF87F" bold="true" box="[271,295,1940,1964]" pageId="18" pageNumber="371">M</emphasis>
, anchorate isochelae II.
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF99F66C671AF83EFDA2F87F" bold="true" box="[540,558,1940,1964]" pageId="18" pageNumber="371">N</emphasis>
, sigmas. Scale bars:
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF99F66C6606F839FC9EF878" bold="true" box="[768,786,1939,1963]" pageId="18" pageNumber="371">A</emphasis>
= 500 µm;
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF99F66C6681F83EFC3AF87F" bold="true" box="[903,950,1940,1964]" pageId="18" pageNumber="371">B–D</emphasis>
= 50 µm;
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF99F66C6118F83EFBA3F87F" bold="true" box="[1054,1071,1940,1964]" pageId="18" pageNumber="371">E</emphasis>
= 250 µm;
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF99F66C61A5F83EFB3EF87F" bold="true" box="[1187,1202,1940,1964]" pageId="18" pageNumber="371">F</emphasis>
= 100 µm;
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF99F66C6021F839FAB7F878" bold="true" box="[1319,1339,1939,1963]" pageId="18" pageNumber="371">G</emphasis>
= 50 µm;
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF99F66C6591F812FF27F803" bold="true" box="[151,171,1976,2000]" pageId="18" pageNumber="371">H</emphasis>
= 5 µm;
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF99F66C640FF812FEA0F803" bold="true" box="[265,300,1976,2000]" pageId="18" pageNumber="371">I–J</emphasis>
= 50 µm;
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF99F66C6490F812FE4BF803" bold="true" box="[406,455,1976,2000]" pageId="18" pageNumber="371">K–L</emphasis>
= 25 µm;
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF99F66C6734F812FDC6F803" bold="true" box="[562,586,1976,2000]" pageId="18" pageNumber="371">M</emphasis>
= 5 µm;
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF99F66C67A1F812FD35F803" bold="true" box="[679,697,1976,2000]" pageId="18" pageNumber="371">N</emphasis>
= 25 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="C9D6D6FEFF98F66D6590FE70F87AFDEF" ID-Table-UUID="C9D6D6FEFF98F66D6590FE70F87AFDEF" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/C9D6D6FEFF98F66D6590FE70F87AFDEF" pageId="19" pageNumber="372" startId="19.[150,238,474,500]" targetBox="[165,2011,581,1713]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="19">
<paragraph id="9D168676FF98F66D6590FE70F87AFDEF" blockId="19.[150,2038,474,572]" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">
<tableNote id="604F87F8FF98F66D6590FE70F87AFDEF" pageId="19" pageNumber="372" targetBox="[165,2011,581,1713]" targetPageId="19">
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF98F66D6590FE70FE84FE27" bold="true" box="[150,264,474,500]" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">TABLE 4.</emphasis>
Distribution, batymetry (m), external characters and measurements (μm) of spicules of all known species of
<taxonomicName id="5AA9FDF5FF98F66D6080FE70F910FE27" authority="Rezvoi, 1925" authorityName="Rezvoi" authorityYear="1925" box="[1414,1692,474,500]" class="Demospongiae" family="Crellidae" genus="Crellomima" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="19" pageNumber="372" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF98F66D6080FE70F988FE27" box="[1414,1540,474,500]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">Crellomima</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="F938FB87FF98F66D630DFE70F910FE27" author="Rezvoi, P." box="[1547,1692,474,500]" pageId="19" pageNumber="372" pagination="193 - 201" refId="ref18777" refString="Rezvoi, P. (1925) Uber neue Schwamme aus den Meeren der russischen Arctis. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 62 (9 / 10), 193 - 201." type="journal article" year="1925">Rezvoi, 1925</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. Measurements are presented as, minimum–
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF98F66D640DFE54FEEDFDCB" box="[267,353,510,536]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">average</emphasis>
(standard deviation)–maximum length/minimum–
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF98F66D6670FE54FC40FDCB" box="[886,972,510,536]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">average</emphasis>
(standard deviation)–maximum thickness. Chelae microscleres has only length, and sigmas has length and thickness.Average and/or standard deviation for some species can be absent.Codes throughout the table:? (no information), ‘’ (according to original description), “”(our opinion).
</tableNote>
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="9D168676FF98F66D65A3FDEFF8ECF962" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">
<table id="EFA974D6FF98098165A3FDEFF857F962" box="[165,2011,581,1713]" gridcols="6" gridrows="28" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">
<tr id="23998434FF98098165A3FDEFF857FD8F" box="[165,2011,581,604]" gridrow="0" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">
<th id="6048ED48FF98098165A3FDEFFDAEFD8F" box="[165,546,581,604]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF98F66D65A3FDEFFF7CFD8F" bold="true" box="[165,240,581,604]" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">Species</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="6048ED48FF9809816739FDEFFC8CFD8F" box="[575,768,581,604]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF98F66D6739FDEFFD4FFD8F" bold="true" box="[575,707,581,604]" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">Distribution/</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="6048ED48FF980981662BFDEFFB92FD8F" box="[813,1054,581,604]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF98F66D662BFDEFFC74FD8F" bold="true" box="[813,1016,581,604]" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">External characters</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="6048ED48FF980981614BFDEFFAAFFD8F" box="[1101,1315,581,604]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF98F66D614BFDEFFA95FD8F" bold="true" box="[1101,1305,581,604]" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">Ectosomal diactines</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="6048ED48FF9809816048FDEFF913FD8F" box="[1358,1695,581,604]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF98F66D6048FDEFFA51FD8F" bold="true" box="[1358,1501,581,604]" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">Acanthostyles</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="6048ED48FF98098163D4FDEFF857FD8F" box="[1746,2011,581,604]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF98F66D63D4FDEFF8D7FD8F" bold="true" box="[1746,1883,581,604]" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">Microscleres:</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="23998434FF98098165A3FDC2F857FDAC" box="[165,2011,616,639]" gridrow="1" pageId="19" pageNumber="372" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
<td id="6048ED48FF9809816739FDC2FC8CFDAC" box="[575,768,616,639]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF98F66D6739FDC2FDF6FDAC" bold="true" box="[575,634,616,639]" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">depth</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="6048ED48FF980981662BFDC2FB92FDAC" box="[813,1054,616,639]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF98F66D662BFDC2FCC0FDAC" bold="true" box="[813,844,616,639]" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">ha.</emphasis>
habit
</td>
<td id="6048ED48FF98098163D4FDC2F857FDAC" box="[1746,2011,616,639]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF98F66D63D4FDC2F967FDAC" bold="true" box="[1746,1771,616,639]" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">ai.</emphasis>
anchorate isochelae
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="23998434FF98098165A3FD21F857FD71" box="[165,2011,651,674]" gridrow="2" pageId="19" pageNumber="372" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
<td id="6048ED48FF980981662BFD21FB92FD71" box="[813,1054,651,674]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF98F66D662BFD21FCC5FD71" bold="true" box="[813,841,651,674]" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">th.</emphasis>
thickness
</td>
<td id="6048ED48FF98098163D4FD21F857FD71" box="[1746,2011,651,674]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF98F66D63D4FD21F964FD71" bold="true" box="[1746,1768,651,674]" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">si.</emphasis>
sigmas
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="23998434FF98098165A3FD07F857FD17" box="[165,2011,685,708]" gridrow="3" pageId="19" pageNumber="372" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1">
<td id="6048ED48FF980981662BFD07FB92FD17" box="[813,1054,685,708]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF98F66D662BFD07FCC5FD17" bold="true" box="[813,841,685,708]" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">su.</emphasis>
surface
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="23998434FF98098165A3FD7AF857FD34" box="[165,2011,720,743]" gridrow="4" pageId="19" pageNumber="372" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1">
<td id="6048ED48FF980981662BFD7AFB92FD34" box="[813,1054,720,743]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF98F66D662BFD7AFCC5FD34" bold="true" box="[813,841,720,743]" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">os.</emphasis>
oscules
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="23998434FF98098165A3FD59F857FCF4" box="[165,2011,755,807]" gridrow="5" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">
<th id="6048ED48FF98098165A3FD59FDAEFCF4" box="[165,546,755,807]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF98F66D65A3FCBAFED6FCF4" box="[165,346,784,807]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">Crellomima derma</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="F938FB87FF98F66D6466FCBAFE70FCF4" author="Hentschel, E." box="[352,508,784,807]" pageId="19" pageNumber="372" pagination="857 - 1042" refId="ref17647" refString="Hentschel, E. (1929) Die Kiesel- und Hornschwamme des Nordlichen Eismeers. In: Romer, F., Schaudinn, F., Brauer, A. &amp; Arndt, W. (Eds.), Fauna Arctica. Eine Zusammenstellung der arktischen Tierformen mit besonderer Berucksichtigung des Spitzbergen-Gebietes auf Grund der Ergebnisse der Deutschen Expedition in das Nordliche Eismeer im Jahre 1898. G. Fischer, Jena, pp. 857 - 1042." type="book chapter" year="1929">Hentschel, 1929</bibRefCitation>
</th>
<td id="6048ED48FF9809816739FD59FC8CFCF4" box="[575,768,755,807]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">Franz Josef Land,</td>
<td id="6048ED48FF980981662BFD59FB92FCF4" box="[813,1054,755,807]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF98F66D662BFD59FCC1FCD9" bold="true" box="[813,845,755,778]" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">po.</emphasis>
pore sieve
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF98F66D662BFCBAFCC0FCF4" bold="true" box="[813,844,784,807]" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">ha.</emphasis>
encrusting
</td>
<td id="6048ED48FF980981614BFD59FAAFFCF4" box="[1101,1315,755,807]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">200–232/6</td>
<td id="6048ED48FF9809816048FD59F913FCF4" box="[1358,1695,755,807]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">choanosomal</td>
<td id="6048ED48FF98098163D4FD59F857FCF4" box="[1746,2011,755,807]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF98F66D63D4FCBAF967FCF4" bold="true" box="[1746,1771,784,807]" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">ai.</emphasis>
17/19 ‘tridentate’
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="23998434FF98098165A3FC98F857FC9A" box="[165,2011,818,841]" gridrow="6" pageId="19" pageNumber="372" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-5="1">
<td id="6048ED48FF9809816739FC98FC8CFC9A" box="[575,768,818,841]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">Arctic/ 300 m</td>
<td id="6048ED48FF980981662BFC98FB92FC9A" box="[813,1054,818,841]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF98F66D662BFC98FCC5FC9A" bold="true" box="[813,841,818,841]" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">th.</emphasis>
0.5 mm
</td>
<td id="6048ED48FF980981614BFC98FAAFFC9A" box="[1101,1315,818,841]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">‘polytyloted amphis-</td>
<td id="6048ED48FF9809816048FC98F913FC9A" box="[1358,1695,818,841]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">126–210/6–9 axis; 9–13 tyle</td>
</tr>
<tr id="23998434FF98098165A3FCFFF857FCBF" box="[165,2011,853,876]" gridrow="7" pageId="19" pageNumber="372" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1">
<td id="6048ED48FF980981662BFCFFFB92FCBF" box="[813,1054,853,876]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF98F66D662BFCFFFCC5FCBF" bold="true" box="[813,841,853,876]" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">su.</emphasis>
smooth
</td>
<td id="6048ED48FF980981614BFCFFFAAFFCBF" box="[1101,1315,853,876]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">
trongyles and
<tr id="23998434FF98098165A3FCD2F857FC5C" box="[165,2011,888,911]" gridrow="8" pageId="19" pageNumber="372" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-5="1">
<td id="6048ED48FF980981662BFCD2FB92FC5C" box="[813,1054,888,911]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF98F66D61D3FCFFFCC5FC5C" bold="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF98F66D61D3FCFFFCC8FC5C" bold="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">amphios</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
not conspicuous
</td>
<td id="6048ED48FF980981614BFCD2FAAFFC5C" box="[1101,1315,888,911]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">tornotes’</td>
<td id="6048ED48FF9809816048FCD2F913FC5C" box="[1358,1695,888,911]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">ectosomal 96–168/5–7 axis</td>
</tr>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="23998434FF98098165A3FC30F857FC1D" box="[165,2011,922,974]" gridrow="9" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">
<th id="6048ED48FF98098165A3FC30FDAEFC1D" box="[165,546,922,974]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF98F66D65A3FC1DFE06FC1D" box="[165,394,951,974]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">Crellomima imparidans</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="F938FB87FF98F66D6496FC1DFD9CFC1D" author="Rezvoi, P." box="[400,528,951,974]" pageId="19" pageNumber="372" pagination="193 - 201" refId="ref18777" refString="Rezvoi, P. (1925) Uber neue Schwamme aus den Meeren der russischen Arctis. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 62 (9 / 10), 193 - 201." type="journal article" year="1925">Rezvoi, 1925</bibRefCitation>
</th>
<td id="6048ED48FF9809816739FC30FC8CFC1D" box="[575,768,922,974]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">Arctic/ 8-300 m</td>
<td id="6048ED48FF980981662BFC30FB92FC1D" box="[813,1054,922,974]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF98F66D662BFC30FCC1FC62" bold="true" box="[813,845,922,945]" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">po.</emphasis>
?
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF98F66D662BFC1DFCC0FC1D" bold="true" box="[813,844,951,974]" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">ha.</emphasis>
encrusting
</td>
<td id="6048ED48FF980981614BFC30FAAFFC1D" box="[1101,1315,922,974]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">160–240/5–7</td>
<td id="6048ED48FF9809816048FC30F913FC1D" box="[1358,1695,922,974]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">choanosomal 92–214/6–15</td>
<td id="6048ED48FF98098163D4FC30F857FC1D" box="[1746,2011,922,974]" gridcol="5" gridrow="9" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF98F66D63D4FC1DF967FC1D" bold="true" box="[1746,1771,951,974]" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">ai.</emphasis>
16–22 ‘tridentate or
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="23998434FF98098165A3FC70F857FC22" box="[165,2011,986,1009]" gridrow="10" pageId="19" pageNumber="372" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-4="1">
<th id="6048ED48FF98098165A3FC70FDAEFC22" box="[165,546,986,1009]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">genotype;</th>
<td id="6048ED48FF980981662BFC70FB92FC22" box="[813,1054,986,1009]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF98F66D662BFC70FCC5FC22" bold="true" box="[813,841,986,1009]" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">th.</emphasis>
thin
</td>
<td id="6048ED48FF980981614BFC70FAAFFC22" box="[1101,1315,986,1009]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">‘polytyloted tornotes’</td>
<td id="6048ED48FF98098163D4FC70F857FC22" box="[1746,2011,986,1009]" gridcol="5" gridrow="10" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">
quadridentate
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF98F66D6253FC70F8D1FC22" bold="true" box="[1877,1885,986,1009]" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">’</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="23998434FF98098165A3FC56F857FBC0" box="[165,2011,1020,1043]" gridrow="11" pageId="19" pageNumber="372" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-5="1">
<th id="6048ED48FF98098165A3FC56FDAEFBC0" box="[165,546,1020,1043]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">
from
<bibRefCitation id="F938FB87FF98F66D65DFFC56FE0BFBC0" author="Van Soest, R. W. M." box="[217,391,1020,1043]" pageId="19" pageNumber="372" pagination="1922" refId="ref19804" refString="Van Soest, R. W. M. (2002 a) Family Crellidae Dendy, 1922. In: Hooper, J. N. A. &amp; van Soest, R. W. M. (Eds.), Systema Porifera. A guide to the classification of sponges. Vol. 1. Kluwer Academic / Plenum Publishers, New York, Boston, Dordrecht, London and Moscow, pp. 546 - 566. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 1 - 4615 - 0747 - 5 _ 59" type="book chapter" year="2002">van Soest (2002a)</bibRefCitation>
</th>
<td id="6048ED48FF980981662BFC56FB92FBC0" box="[813,1054,1020,1043]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF98F66D662BFC56FCC5FBC0" bold="true" box="[813,841,1020,1043]" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">su.</emphasis>
papillate
</td>
<td id="6048ED48FF9809816048FC56F913FBC0" box="[1358,1695,1020,1043]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">ectosomal 93–190/4–7</td>
</tr>
<tr id="23998434FF98098165A3FBB5F857FBE5" box="[165,2011,1055,1078]" gridrow="12" pageId="19" pageNumber="372" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1">
<td id="6048ED48FF980981662BFBB5FB92FBE5" box="[813,1054,1055,1078]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF98F66D662BFBB5FCC5FBE5" bold="true" box="[813,841,1055,1078]" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">os.</emphasis>
?
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="23998434FF98098165A3FBE8F857FBA6" box="[165,2011,1090,1141]" gridrow="13" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">
<th id="6048ED48FF98098165A3FBE8FDAEFBA6" box="[165,546,1090,1141]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">
<taxonomicName id="5AA9FDF5FF98F66D65A3FBF4FDAEFBA6" authority="Hentschel, 1929" authorityName="Hentschel" authorityYear="1929" box="[165,546,1118,1141]" class="Demospongiae" family="Crellidae" genus="Crellomima" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="19" pageNumber="372" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="incrustans">
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF98F66D65A3FBF4FE0CFBA6" box="[165,384,1118,1141]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">Crellomima incrustans</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="F938FB87FF98F66D6480FBF4FDAEFBA6" author="Hentschel, E." box="[390,546,1118,1141]" pageId="19" pageNumber="372" pagination="857 - 1042" refId="ref17647" refString="Hentschel, E. (1929) Die Kiesel- und Hornschwamme des Nordlichen Eismeers. In: Romer, F., Schaudinn, F., Brauer, A. &amp; Arndt, W. (Eds.), Fauna Arctica. Eine Zusammenstellung der arktischen Tierformen mit besonderer Berucksichtigung des Spitzbergen-Gebietes auf Grund der Ergebnisse der Deutschen Expedition in das Nordliche Eismeer im Jahre 1898. G. Fischer, Jena, pp. 857 - 1042." type="book chapter" year="1929">Hentschel, 1929</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="6048ED48FF9809816739FBE8FC8CFBA6" box="[575,768,1090,1141]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">near of Svalbard,</td>
<td id="6048ED48FF980981662BFBE8FB92FBA6" box="[813,1054,1090,1141]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF98F66D662BFBE8FCC1FB8A" bold="true" box="[813,845,1090,1113]" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">po.</emphasis>
?
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF98F66D662BFBF4FCC0FBA6" bold="true" box="[813,844,1118,1141]" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">ha.</emphasis>
encrusting
</td>
<td id="6048ED48FF980981614BFBE8FAAFFBA6" box="[1101,1315,1090,1141]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">210–250/4.5–5</td>
<td id="6048ED48FF9809816048FBE8F913FBA6" box="[1358,1695,1090,1141]" gridcol="4" gridrow="13" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">choanosomal</td>
<td id="6048ED48FF98098163D4FBE8F857FBA6" box="[1746,2011,1090,1141]" gridcol="5" gridrow="13" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF98F66D63D4FBF4F967FBA6" bold="true" box="[1746,1771,1118,1141]" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">ai.</emphasis>
16–17 ‘polydentate, 7–9
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="23998434FF98098165A3FB2BF857FB4B" box="[165,2011,1153,1176]" gridrow="14" pageId="19" pageNumber="372" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="6048ED48FF9809816739FB2BFC8CFB4B" box="[575,768,1153,1176]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">Arctic/ depth?</td>
<td id="6048ED48FF980981662BFB2BFB92FB4B" box="[813,1054,1153,1176]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF98F66D662BFB2BFCC5FB4B" bold="true" box="[813,841,1153,1176]" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">th.</emphasis>
0.35–0.4 mm
</td>
<td id="6048ED48FF980981614BFB2BFAAFFB4B" box="[1101,1315,1153,1176]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">‘tornotes’</td>
<td id="6048ED48FF9809816048FB2BF913FB4B" box="[1358,1695,1153,1176]" gridcol="4" gridrow="14" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">182–224/6–9 axis; 9–11 tyle</td>
<td id="6048ED48FF98098163D4FB2BF857FB4B" box="[1746,2011,1153,1176]" gridcol="5" gridrow="14" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">teeth’</td>
</tr>
<tr id="23998434FF98098165A3FB0EF857FB68" box="[165,2011,1188,1211]" gridrow="15" pageId="19" pageNumber="372" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1">
<td id="6048ED48FF980981662BFB0EFB92FB68" box="[813,1054,1188,1211]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF98F66D662BFB0EFCC5FB68" bold="true" box="[813,841,1188,1211]" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">su.</emphasis>
irregularly smooth
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="23998434FF98098165A3FB6CF857FB0E" box="[165,2011,1222,1245]" gridrow="16" pageId="19" pageNumber="372" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-5="1">
<td id="6048ED48FF980981662BFB6CFB92FB0E" box="[813,1054,1222,1245]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF98F66D662BFB6CFCC5FB0E" bold="true" box="[813,841,1222,1245]" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">os.</emphasis>
present
</td>
<td id="6048ED48FF9809816048FB6CF913FB0E" box="[1358,1695,1222,1245]" gridcol="4" gridrow="16" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">ectosomal 113–132/6–7</td>
</tr>
<tr id="23998434FF98098165A3FB43F857FACE" box="[165,2011,1257,1309]" gridrow="17" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">
<th id="6048ED48FF98098165A3FB43FDAEFACE" box="[165,546,1257,1309]" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">
<taxonomicName id="5AA9FDF5FF98F66D65A3FAACFE65FACE" authority="Hentschel" authorityName="Hentschel" authorityYear="1929" box="[165,489,1286,1309]" class="Demospongiae" family="Crellidae" genus="Crellomima" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="19" pageNumber="372" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="incrustans">
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF98F66D65A3FAACFE0DFACE" box="[165,385,1286,1309]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">Crellomima incrustans</emphasis>
Hentschel
</taxonomicName>
,
</th>
<td id="6048ED48FF9809816739FB43FC8CFACE" box="[575,768,1257,1309]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">see above</td>
<td id="6048ED48FF980981662BFB43FB92FACE" box="[813,1054,1257,1309]" gridcol="2" gridrow="17" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF98F66D662BFB43FCC1FAD3" bold="true" box="[813,845,1257,1280]" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">po.</emphasis>
probably present see above
</td>
<td id="6048ED48FF980981614BFB43FAAFFACE" box="[1101,1315,1257,1309]" gridcol="3" gridrow="17" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">210–280/4–7</td>
<td id="6048ED48FF9809816048FB43F913FACE" box="[1358,1695,1257,1309]" gridcol="4" gridrow="17" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">choanosomal 145–224/6–11</td>
<td id="6048ED48FF98098163D4FB43F857FACE" box="[1746,2011,1257,1309]" gridcol="5" gridrow="17" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF98F66D63D4FAACF967FACE" bold="true" box="[1746,1771,1286,1309]" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">ai.</emphasis>
16–21 ‘polydentate, 5–7
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="23998434FF98098165A3FA82F857FAEC" box="[165,2011,1320,1343]" gridrow="18" pageId="19" pageNumber="372" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-4="1">
<th id="6048ED48FF98098165A3FA82FDAEFAEC" box="[165,546,1320,1343]" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">
1929 from
<bibRefCitation id="F938FB87FF98F66D6409FA82FE33FAEC" author="Van Soest, R. W. M." box="[271,447,1320,1343]" pageId="19" pageNumber="372" pagination="1922" refId="ref19804" refString="Van Soest, R. W. M. (2002 a) Family Crellidae Dendy, 1922. In: Hooper, J. N. A. &amp; van Soest, R. W. M. (Eds.), Systema Porifera. A guide to the classification of sponges. Vol. 1. Kluwer Academic / Plenum Publishers, New York, Boston, Dordrecht, London and Moscow, pp. 546 - 566. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 1 - 4615 - 0747 - 5 _ 59" type="book chapter" year="2002">van Soest (2002a)</bibRefCitation>
, type
</th>
<td id="6048ED48FF980981614BFA82FAAFFAEC" box="[1101,1315,1320,1343]" gridcol="3" gridrow="18" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">‘tornotes’</td>
<td id="6048ED48FF98098163D4FA82F857FAEC" box="[1746,2011,1320,1343]" gridcol="5" gridrow="18" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">teeth’</td>
</tr>
<tr id="23998434FF98098165A3FAE1F857FAAC" box="[165,2011,1355,1407]" gridrow="19" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">
<th id="6048ED48FF98098165A3FAE1FDAEFAAC" box="[165,546,1355,1407]" gridcol="0" gridrow="19" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">
remeasured
<taxonomicName id="5AA9FDF5FF98F66D65A3FAC2FE40FAAC" authorityName="Goodwin, Dinn, Nefedova, Nijhof, Murillo &amp; Nozeres" authorityYear="2021" box="[165,460,1384,1407]" class="Demospongiae" family="Crellidae" genus="Crellomima" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="19" pageNumber="372" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="mehqisinpekonuta">
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF98F66D65A3FAC2FE40FAAC" box="[165,460,1384,1407]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">Crellomima mehqisinpekonuta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Goo-
</th>
<td id="6048ED48FF9809816739FAE1FC8CFAAC" box="[575,768,1355,1407]" gridcol="1" gridrow="19" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">Gulf of Maine/Bay</td>
<td id="6048ED48FF980981662BFAE1FB92FAAC" box="[813,1054,1355,1407]" gridcol="2" gridrow="19" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF98F66D662BFAC2FCC0FAAC" bold="true" box="[813,844,1384,1407]" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">ha.</emphasis>
thinly encrusting
</td>
<td id="6048ED48FF980981614BFAE1FAAFFAAC" box="[1101,1315,1355,1407]" gridcol="3" gridrow="19" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">185–204–2184–6–7</td>
<td id="6048ED48FF9809816048FAE1F913FAAC" box="[1358,1695,1355,1407]" gridcol="4" gridrow="19" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">ectosomal 113–156/6–7 basal 152–166–192/8–14–18</td>
<td id="6048ED48FF98098163D4FAE1F857FAAC" box="[1746,2011,1355,1407]" gridcol="5" gridrow="19" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF98F66D63D4FAC2F967FAAC" bold="true" box="[1746,1771,1384,1407]" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">ai.</emphasis>
18–22–25
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="23998434FF98098165A3FA21F857FA71" box="[165,2011,1419,1442]" gridrow="20" pageId="19" pageNumber="372" rowspan-4="1">
<th id="6048ED48FF98098165A3FA21FDAEFA71" box="[165,546,1419,1442]" gridcol="0" gridrow="20" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">dwin, Dinn, Nefedova, Nijhof, Murillo</th>
<td id="6048ED48FF9809816739FA21FC8CFA71" box="[575,768,1419,1442]" gridcol="1" gridrow="20" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">of Fundy, northwest</td>
<td id="6048ED48FF980981662BFA21FB92FA71" box="[813,1054,1419,1442]" gridcol="2" gridrow="20" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF98F66D662BFA21FCC5FA71" bold="true" box="[813,841,1419,1442]" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">th.</emphasis>
?
</td>
<td id="6048ED48FF980981614BFA21FAAFFA71" box="[1101,1315,1419,1442]" gridcol="3" gridrow="20" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">‘tornotes’</td>
<td id="6048ED48FF98098163D4FA21F857FA71" box="[1746,2011,1419,1442]" gridcol="5" gridrow="20" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">‘5–8 alae’</td>
</tr>
<tr id="23998434FF98098165A3FA07F857FA17" box="[165,2011,1453,1476]" gridrow="21" pageId="19" pageNumber="372" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-5="1">
<th id="6048ED48FF98098165A3FA07FDAEFA17" box="[165,546,1453,1476]" gridcol="0" gridrow="21" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">&amp; Nozères, 2021</th>
<td id="6048ED48FF9809816739FA07FC8CFA17" box="[575,768,1453,1476]" gridcol="1" gridrow="21" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">Atlantic/6–21 m</td>
<td id="6048ED48FF980981662BFA07FB92FA17" box="[813,1054,1453,1476]" gridcol="2" gridrow="21" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF98F66D662BFA07FCC5FA17" bold="true" box="[813,841,1453,1476]" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">su.</emphasis>
with stellate channels
</td>
<td id="6048ED48FF9809816048FA07F913FA17" box="[1358,1695,1453,1476]" gridcol="4" gridrow="21" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">ectosomal 120–138–188/5–5–6</td>
</tr>
<tr id="23998434FF98098165A3FA7AF857FA34" box="[165,2011,1488,1511]" gridrow="22" pageId="19" pageNumber="372" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1">
<td id="6048ED48FF980981662BFA7AFB92FA34" box="[813,1054,1488,1511]" gridcol="2" gridrow="22" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF98F66D662BFA7AFCC5FA34" bold="true" box="[813,841,1488,1511]" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">os.</emphasis>
present
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="23998434FF98098165A3FA59F857F9F5" box="[165,2011,1523,1574]" gridrow="23" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">
<th id="6048ED48FF98098165A3FA59FDAEF9F5" box="[165,546,1523,1574]" gridcol="0" gridrow="23" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">
<taxonomicName id="5AA9FDF5FF98F66D65A3F9A5FE73F9F5" authority="Fernandez" authorityName="Fernandez, Gastaldi &amp; Hajdu" authorityYear="2021" box="[165,511,1551,1574]" class="Demospongiae" family="Crellidae" genus="Crellomima" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="19" pageNumber="372" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="sigmatifera">
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF98F66D65A3F9A5FE06F9F5" box="[165,394,1551,1574]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">Crellomima sigmatifera</emphasis>
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF98F66D6496F9A5FE73F9F5" bold="true" box="[400,511,1551,1574]" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">Fernandez</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF98F66D64F9F9A5FD88F9F5" bold="true" box="[511,516,1551,1574]" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">,</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="6048ED48FF9809816739FA59FC8CF9F5" box="[575,768,1523,1574]" gridcol="1" gridrow="23" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">southern Chile, SE</td>
<td id="6048ED48FF980981662BFA59FB92F9F5" box="[813,1054,1523,1574]" gridcol="2" gridrow="23" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF98F66D662BFA59FCC1F9D9" bold="true" box="[813,845,1523,1546]" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">po.</emphasis>
present
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF98F66D662BF9A5FCC0F9F5" bold="true" box="[813,844,1551,1574]" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">ha.</emphasis>
encrusting
</td>
<td id="6048ED48FF980981614BFA59FAAFF9F5" box="[1101,1315,1523,1574]" gridcol="3" gridrow="23" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">
188–
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF98F66D617BF9A5FB2DF9F5" box="[1149,1185,1551,1574]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">221</emphasis>
.5–255/3–
</td>
<td id="6048ED48FF9809816048FA59F913F9F5" box="[1358,1695,1523,1574]" gridcol="4" gridrow="23" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">choanosomal I.</td>
<td id="6048ED48FF98098163D4FA59F857F9F5" box="[1746,2011,1523,1574]" gridcol="5" gridrow="23" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF98F66D63D4F9A5F967F9F5" bold="true" box="[1746,1771,1551,1574]" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">ai.</emphasis>
I. 48–
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF98F66D622FF9A5F8D3F9F5" box="[1833,1887,1551,1574]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">54.6–</emphasis>
60 “triden-
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="23998434FF98098165A3F998F857F99A" box="[165,2011,1586,1609]" gridrow="24" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">
<th id="6048ED48FF98098165A3F998FDAEF99A" box="[165,546,1586,1609]" gridcol="0" gridrow="24" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF98F66D65A3F998FE39F99A" bold="true" box="[165,437,1586,1609]" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">
Gastaldi &amp; Hajdu,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B4EEE71FFF98F66D646FF998FE39F99A" box="[361,437,1586,1609]" pageId="19" pageNumber="372" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="6048ED48FF9809816739F998FC8CF99A" box="[575,768,1586,1609]" gridcol="1" gridrow="24" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">Pacific/ 19.7 m</td>
<td id="6048ED48FF980981662BF998FB92F99A" box="[813,1054,1586,1609]" gridcol="2" gridrow="24" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF98F66D662BF998FCC5F99A" bold="true" box="[813,841,1586,1609]" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">th.</emphasis>
3 mm
</td>
<td id="6048ED48FF980981614BF998FAAFF99A" box="[1101,1315,1586,1609]" gridcol="3" gridrow="24" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF98F66D614BF998FBE7F99A" box="[1101,1131,1586,1609]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">5.8</emphasis>
–7.2
</td>
<td id="6048ED48FF9809816048F998F913F99A" box="[1358,1695,1586,1609]" gridcol="4" gridrow="24" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">
250–
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF98F66D6078F998FA38F99A" box="[1406,1460,1586,1609]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">266.7</emphasis>
–285/12.5–
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF98F66D6326F998F9B4F99A" box="[1568,1592,1586,1609]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">15</emphasis>
–17
</td>
<td id="6048ED48FF98098163D4F998F857F99A" box="[1746,2011,1586,1609]" gridcol="5" gridrow="24" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">tates or quadridentates”</td>
</tr>
<tr id="23998434FF98098165A3F9FFF857F9BF" box="[165,2011,1621,1644]" gridrow="25" pageId="19" pageNumber="372" rowspan-1="1">
<th id="6048ED48FF98098165A3F9FFFDAEF9BF" box="[165,546,1621,1644]" gridcol="0" gridrow="25" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">holotype</th>
<td id="6048ED48FF980981662BF9FFFB92F9BF" box="[813,1054,1621,1644]" gridcol="2" gridrow="25" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF98F66D662BF9FFFCC5F9BF" bold="true" box="[813,841,1621,1644]" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">su.</emphasis>
smooth
</td>
<td id="6048ED48FF980981614BF9FFFAAFF9BF" box="[1101,1315,1621,1644]" gridcol="3" gridrow="25" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">“tornotes”</td>
<td id="6048ED48FF9809816048F9FFF913F9BF" box="[1358,1695,1621,1644]" gridcol="4" gridrow="25" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">choanosomal II.</td>
<td id="6048ED48FF98098163D4F9FFF857F9BF" box="[1746,2011,1621,1644]" gridcol="5" gridrow="25" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF98F66D63D4F9FFF967F9BF" bold="true" box="[1746,1771,1621,1644]" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">ai.</emphasis>
II. 12–
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF98F66D6237F9FFF8C5F9BF" box="[1841,1865,1621,1644]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">15</emphasis>
–17 “often
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="23998434FF98098165A3F9DDF857F95D" box="[165,2011,1655,1678]" gridrow="26" pageId="19" pageNumber="372" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-3="1">
<td id="6048ED48FF980981662BF9DDFB92F95D" box="[813,1054,1655,1678]" gridcol="2" gridrow="26" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF98F66D662BF9DDFCC5F95D" bold="true" box="[813,841,1655,1678]" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">os.</emphasis>
not observed
</td>
<td id="6048ED48FF9809816048F9DDF913F95D" box="[1358,1695,1655,1678]" gridcol="4" gridrow="26" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">
100–
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF98F66D6078F9DDFA38F95D" box="[1406,1460,1655,1678]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">123.5</emphasis>
–140/7.5–
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF98F66D6312F9DDF9ACF95D" box="[1556,1568,1655,1678]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">9</emphasis>
–10
</td>
<td id="6048ED48FF98098163D4F9DDF857F95D" box="[1746,2011,1655,1678]" gridcol="5" gridrow="26" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">tridentates”</td>
</tr>
<tr id="23998434FF98098165A3F930F857F962" box="[165,2011,1690,1713]" gridrow="27" pageId="19" pageNumber="372" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-3="1">
<td id="6048ED48FF980981662BF930FB92F962" box="[813,1054,1690,1713]" gridcol="2" gridrow="27" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF98F66D662BF930FCC1F962" bold="true" box="[813,845,1690,1713]" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">po.</emphasis>
not observed
</td>
<td id="6048ED48FF9809816048F930F913F962" box="[1358,1695,1690,1713]" gridcol="4" gridrow="27" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">
ectosomal 60–
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF98F66D60DFF930F98FF962" box="[1497,1539,1690,1713]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">83.8</emphasis>
–96/3.5–
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF98F66D635EF930F9FAF962" box="[1624,1654,1690,1713]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">5.8</emphasis>
–6.5
</td>
<td id="6048ED48FF98098163D4F930F857F962" box="[1746,2011,1690,1713]" gridcol="5" gridrow="27" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF98F66D63D4F930F964F962" bold="true" box="[1746,1768,1690,1713]" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">si.</emphasis>
40–
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF98F66D6214F930F8B0F962" box="[1810,1852,1690,1713]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="372">50.5</emphasis>
–58
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
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Willenz
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF9FF66A642CFF3DFEEBFF62" box="[298,359,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="373">et al.</emphasis>
(2009)
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have recorded
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<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF9FF66A6770FF3DFCF2FF63" box="[630,894,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="373">Crellomima tenuissima</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="F938FB87FF9FF66A6697FF3DFBAAFF62" author="Thiele, J." box="[913,1062,150,177]" pageId="20" pageNumber="373" pagination="407 - 496" refId="ref19246" refString="Thiele, J. (1905) Die Kiesel- und Hornschwamme der Sammlung Plate. Zoologische Jahrbucher, Supplement 6 (Fauna Chilensis III), 407 - 496. [pls. 27 - 33]" type="journal article" year="1905">Thiele, 1905</bibRefCitation>
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from the Chilean fjord region. We examined the skeleton of this material and observed acanthotornotes in longitudinal tracts throughout the choanosome as well as the same acanthose megascleres fanning out at the surface and disposed (para)tangentially at the ectosomal region. This arrangement of the acanthotornotes at the surface/ectosomal region could be equated with a tangential ectosomal crust as described by
<bibRefCitation id="F938FB87FF9FF66A67C2FE8DFC3CFE92" author="Willenz, Ph. &amp; Hajdu, E. &amp; Desqueyroux-Faundez, R. &amp; Lobo-Hajdu, G. &amp; Carvalho, M." box="[708,944,295,321]" pageId="20" pageNumber="373" pagination="93 - 170" refId="ref20595" refString="Willenz, Ph. &amp; Hajdu, E., Desqueyroux-Faundez, R., Lobo-Hajdu, G. &amp; Carvalho, M. (2009) Porifera: Sponges. In: Haussermann, V. &amp; Forsterra, G. (Eds.), Marine Benthic Fauna of Chilean Patagonia. Nature in Focus, Puerto Montt, pp. 93 - 170. [https: // www. academia. edu / 33752159 / Marine _ benthic _ fauna _ of _ Chilean _ Patagonia _ Fauna _ marina _ bentonica _ de _ la _ Patagonia _ chilena]" type="book chapter" year="2009">
Willenz
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF9FF66A6625FE8DFCD0FE92" box="[803,860,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="373">et al.</emphasis>
(2009)
</bibRefCitation>
. However, the ectosomal crust of acanthose megascleres peculiar to
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Crellidae (
<bibRefCitation id="F938FB87FF9FF66A672CFEE1FD61FEB6" author="Van Soest, R. W. M." box="[554,749,331,357]" pageId="20" pageNumber="373" pagination="1922" refId="ref19804" refString="Van Soest, R. W. M. (2002 a) Family Crellidae Dendy, 1922. In: Hooper, J. N. A. &amp; van Soest, R. W. M. (Eds.), Systema Porifera. A guide to the classification of sponges. Vol. 1. Kluwer Academic / Plenum Publishers, New York, Boston, Dordrecht, London and Moscow, pp. 546 - 566. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 1 - 4615 - 0747 - 5 _ 59" type="book chapter" year="2002">van Soest 2002a</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
is clearly differentiated from the underlying choanosomal skeleton, and not a mere consequence of the apical ends of its spiculofibres fanning out in variously oblique or tangential brushes of diactinal spicules. According to our interpretation, Willenz et
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF9FF66A6133FE39FBDEFE7E" box="[1077,1106,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="373">al.</emphasis>
’s (2009) materials should be classified neither in
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<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF9FF66A6478FE1DFD8FFE02" box="[382,515,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="373">Crellomima</emphasis>
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nor in
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. This is so because these specimens lack acanthose megascleres (acanthoxeas or acanthostyles) equivalent to the acanthostyles III observed in
<taxonomicName id="5AA9FDF5FF9FF66A6104FE71FE88FDCB" authority="Fernandez, Gastaldi &amp; Hajdu" authorityName="Fernandez, Gastaldi &amp; Hajdu" authorityYear="2021" class="Demospongiae" family="Crellidae" genus="Crellomima" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="20" pageNumber="373" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="sigmatifera" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF9FF66A6104FE71FB2FFE26" box="[1026,1187,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="373">C. sigmatifera</emphasis>
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF9FF66A61AFFE71FE88FDCB" bold="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="373">Fernandez, Gastaldi &amp; Hajdu</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF9FF66A6402FE54FEE5FDCA" bold="true" box="[260,361,510,537]" pageId="20" pageNumber="373">
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B4EEE71FFF9FF66A6416FE55FEE5FDCA" box="[272,361,511,537]" pageId="20" pageNumber="373" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D168676FF9FF66A65C1FD89FEDEFD1E" blockId="20.[151,1437,150,717]" pageId="20" pageNumber="373">
<bibRefCitation id="F938FB87FF9FF66A65C1FD89FE4CFDEE" author="Goodwin, C. &amp; Jones, J. &amp; Neely, K. &amp; Brickle, P." box="[199,448,547,573]" pageId="20" pageNumber="373" pagination="275 - 301" refId="ref17264" refString="Goodwin, C., Jones, J., Neely, K. &amp; Brickle, P. (2011) Sponge biodiversity of the Jason Islands and Stanley, Falkland Islands with descriptions of twelve new species. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 91 (2), 275 - 301. http: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0025315410001542" type="journal article" year="2011">
Goodwin
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF9FF66A6431FD89FEE4FDEE" box="[311,360,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="373">et al</emphasis>
. (2011)
</bibRefCitation>
have re-examined the
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of
<taxonomicName id="5AA9FDF5FF9FF66A6610FD89FBCEFDEF" baseAuthorityName="Thiele" baseAuthorityYear="1905" box="[790,1090,547,573]" class="Demospongiae" family="Myxillidae" genus="Hymenanchora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="20" pageNumber="373" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tenuissima">
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF9FF66A6610FD89FBCEFDEF" box="[790,1090,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="373">Hymenanchora tenuissima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[
<taxonomicName id="5AA9FDF5FF9FF66A6149FD89FAEFFDEE" authority="Dendy, 1922" authorityName="Dendy" authorityYear="1922" box="[1103,1379,547,573]" class="Demospongiae" family="Myxillidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="20" pageNumber="373" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">
Myxillidae
<bibRefCitation id="F938FB87FF9FF66A61D2FD89FAEFFDEE" author="Dendy, A." box="[1236,1379,547,573]" pageId="20" pageNumber="373" pagination="1 - 164" refId="ref16844" refString="Dendy, A. (1922) No. I. - Report on the Sigmatotetraxonida collected by H. M. S. &quot; Sealark &quot; in the Indian Ocean. In: Reports of the Percy Sladen Trust Expedition to the Indian Ocean in 1905: Under the Leadership of J. Stanley Gardiner. Vol. 7. The transactions of the Linnean Society of London, 18 (1), 1 - 164. [pls. 1 - 18] https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1922. tb 00547. x" type="journal article" year="1922">Dendy, 1922</bibRefCitation>
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(
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), originally as
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<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF9FF66A64C2FDEDFD5FFDB3" box="[452,723,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="373">Hymedesmia tenuissima</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="F938FB87FF9FF66A67DEFDEDFCE4FDB2" author="Thiele, J." box="[728,872,582,609]" pageId="20" pageNumber="373" pagination="407 - 496" refId="ref19246" refString="Thiele, J. (1905) Die Kiesel- und Hornschwamme der Sammlung Plate. Zoologische Jahrbucher, Supplement 6 (Fauna Chilensis III), 407 - 496. [pls. 27 - 33]" type="journal article" year="1905">Thiele, 1905</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
] and noted it has a plumose choanosomal skeleton, which they proposed is best classified in
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<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF9FF66A675BFDC1FD3FFD56" box="[605,691,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="373">Myxilla</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF9FF66A67C4FDC1FCB7FD56" box="[706,827,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="373">Styloptilon</emphasis>
)
<bibRefCitation id="F938FB87FF9FF66A664CFDC1FC7CFD56" author="Cabioch, L." box="[842,1008,619,645]" pageId="20" pageNumber="373" pagination="211 - 246" refId="ref16194" refString="Cabioch, L. (1968) Contribution a la connaissance de la faune des Spongiaires de la Manche occidentale. Demosponges de la region de Roscoff. Cahiers de Biologie Marine, 9 (2), 211 - 246." type="journal article" year="1968">Cabioch, 1968</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. This skeletal architecture differs from the hymedesmioid one reported by
<bibRefCitation id="F938FB87FF9FF66A672AFD25FC90FD7A" author="Willenz, Ph. &amp; Hajdu, E. &amp; Desqueyroux-Faundez, R. &amp; Lobo-Hajdu, G. &amp; Carvalho, M." box="[556,796,655,681]" pageId="20" pageNumber="373" pagination="93 - 170" refId="ref20595" refString="Willenz, Ph. &amp; Hajdu, E., Desqueyroux-Faundez, R., Lobo-Hajdu, G. &amp; Carvalho, M. (2009) Porifera: Sponges. In: Haussermann, V. &amp; Forsterra, G. (Eds.), Marine Benthic Fauna of Chilean Patagonia. Nature in Focus, Puerto Montt, pp. 93 - 170. [https: // www. academia. edu / 33752159 / Marine _ benthic _ fauna _ of _ Chilean _ Patagonia _ Fauna _ marina _ bentonica _ de _ la _ Patagonia _ chilena]" type="book chapter" year="2009">
Willenz
<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF9FF66A678AFD25FD4AFD7A" box="[652,710,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="373">et al.</emphasis>
(2009)
</bibRefCitation>
, thus suggesting the latter’s materials might belong to a separate species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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106
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Genus
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<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF9BF66E65E8FCCCFEF1FC52" bold="true" box="[238,381,870,897]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="369">Crellomima</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="AFDD5A64FF9BF66E6591FC04FE9EFC1B" bold="true" box="[151,274,942,968]" pageId="16" pageNumber="369">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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with tridentate, quadridentate or polydentate anchorate isochelae (amended from
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<emphasis id="AFDDEACFFFE8056F06CAF8B59C1CF85D" bold="true" box="[151,366,1909,1936]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="68">Plesionika martia</emphasis>
(A.
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)
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(
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)
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<emphasis id="AFDDEACFFFE8056F06CAF81E9C38F827" box="[151,330,2014,2038]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="68">Pandalus martius</emphasis>
A.
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, pl. 21 (
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locality: northeastern Atlantic);
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<bibRefCitation id="F9384B2CFFE8056F024AF81E9842F824" author="Forest, J. &amp; Holthuis, L. B." box="[1047,1328,2013,2038]" pageId="1" pageNumber="68" refId="ref6317" refString="Forest, J. &amp; Holthuis, L. B. (1997) A. Milne-Edwards: Receuil de figures de Crustaces nouveaux oupeuconnus, 1883. Nouvelle edition en fac-simile avec des commentaires et annotation. Backhuys Publishers, Leiden, 128 pp." type="book" year="1997">Forest &amp; Holthuis 1997: 54</bibRefCitation>
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, pl. 21.
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<taxonomicName id="5AA94D5EFFEB056C06CAFF599D98FF63" ID-CoL="7PRKR" authorityName="Goodnight &amp; Goodnight" authorityYear="1947" box="[151,234,153,177]" class="Arachnida" family="Cranaidae" genus="Panalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="2" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AFDDEACFFFEB056C06CAFF599D98FF63" box="[151,234,153,177]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="69">Panalus</emphasis>
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prox.
<emphasis id="AFDDEACFFFEB056C0771FF599CE2FF62" box="[300,400,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="69">martius—</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="1C0810CCFFEB056C07CDFF589F82FF63" author="Wood-Mason, J. &amp; Alcock, A." box="[400,752,152,177]" page="369" pageId="2" pageNumber="69" year="1892">
<bibRefCitation id="F9384B2CFFEB056C07CDFF589F82FF63" author="Wood-Mason, J. &amp; Alcock, A." box="[400,752,152,177]" pageId="2" pageNumber="69" pagination="358 - 370" refId="ref8130" refString="Wood-Mason, J. &amp; Alcock, A. (1892) Natural history notes from H. M. Indian marine survey steamer &quot; Investigator &quot;, Commander R. F. Hoskyn, R. N. commanding. Series II. No. 1. On the results of deep-sea dredging during the season 1890 - 91. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 6, 9, 358 - 370, figs. 1 - 6. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222939208677337" type="journal article" year="1892">Wood-Mason &amp; Alcock 1892: 369</bibRefCitation>
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.
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<emphasis id="AFDDEACFFFEB056C06CAFF779D85FF1D" box="[151,247,183,207]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="69">Pandalus</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="AFDDEACFFFEB056C075BFF779C03FF1D" box="[262,369,183,207]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="69">Plesionika</emphasis>
)
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="AFDDEACFFFEB056C0722FF789C91FF1D" box="[383,483,184,207]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="69">martius—</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="1C0810CCFFEB056C07BEFF779FFEFF02" author="Alcock, A." box="[483,652,183,208]" page="95" pageId="2" pageNumber="69" year="1901">
<bibRefCitation id="F9384B2CFFEB056C07BEFF779FFEFF02" author="Alcock, A." box="[483,652,183,208]" pageId="2" pageNumber="69" pagination="1 - 3" refId="ref5473" refString="Alcock, A. (1901) A descriptive catalogue of the Indian deep-sea Crustacea Decapoda Macrura and Anomala, in the Indian museum. Being a revised account of the deep-sea species collected by the Royal Indian marine survey ship &quot; Investigator &quot;. Indian Museum, Calcutta, 286 pp., pls. 1 - 3. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 30840" type="book chapter" year="1901">Alcock 1901: 95</bibRefCitation>
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(in part).
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="BDB911F3FFEB056C06CAFF169FD6FEF9" pageId="2" pageNumber="69">
<taxonomicName id="5AA94D5EFFEB056C06CAFF169FF9FF3C" ID-CoL="9D48L" authority="- Crosnier &amp; Forest 1973: 212" authorityName="Crosnier &amp; Forest" authorityPageNumber="212" authorityYear="1973" box="[151,651,213,238]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pandalidae" genus="Plesionika" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="martia">
<emphasis id="AFDDEACFFFEB056C06CAFF169C3FFF3C" box="[151,333,214,238]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="69">Plesionika martia</emphasis>
—
<treatmentCitation id="1C0810CCFFEB056C073BFF159FF9FF3C" author="Crosnier, A. &amp; Forest, J." box="[358,651,213,238]" page="212" pageId="2" pageNumber="69" year="1973">
<bibRefCitation id="F9384B2CFFEB056C073BFF159FF9FF3C" author="Crosnier, A. &amp; Forest, J." box="[358,651,213,238]" pageId="2" pageNumber="69" pagination="1 - 409" refId="ref6181" refString="Crosnier, A. &amp; Forest, J. (1973) Les crevettesprofondes de l'Atlantique oriental tropical. Faune Tropicale, 19, 1 - 409." type="journal article" year="1973">Crosnier &amp; Forest 1973: 212</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
, figs. 63d, 64e, 66;
<treatmentCitation id="1C0810CCFFEB056C0509FF15996AFF3C" author="Holthuis, L. B." box="[852,1048,213,238]" page="146" pageId="2" pageNumber="69" year="1980">
<bibRefCitation id="F9384B2CFFEB056C0509FF15996AFF3C" author="Holthuis, L. B." box="[852,1048,213,238]" pageId="2" pageNumber="69" pagination="1 - 271" refId="ref6790" refString="Holthuis, L. B. (1980) FAO species catalogue. vol. 1. Shrimps and prawns of the world. An annotated catalogue of species of interest to fisheries. FAO Fisheries Synopsis, 125 (1), 1 - xvii + 1 - 271." type="book chapter" year="1980">Holthuis 1980: 146</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(in part); Hanamura 1986: 63, figs. 9- 11;
<treatmentCitation id="1C0810CCFFEB056C06B0FF359F6AFEDF" author="Hanamura, Y. &amp; Evans, D. R." box="[237,536,244,269]" page="13" pageId="2" pageNumber="69" year="1996">
<bibRefCitation id="F9384B2CFFEB056C06B0FF359F6AFEDF" author="Hanamura, Y. &amp; Evans, D. R." box="[237,536,244,269]" pageId="2" pageNumber="69" pagination="1 - 18" refId="ref6521" refString="Hanamura, Y. &amp; Evans, D. R. (1996) Deepwater caridean shrimps of the families Nematocarcinidae, Stylodactylidae, Pandalidae and Crangonidae (Crustacea: Decapoda) from western Australia. Bulletin of Nansei National Fisheries Research Institute, 29, 1 - 18." type="journal article" year="1996">Hanamura &amp; Evans 1996: 13</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="1C0810CCFFEB056C047FFF349E4DFEDF" author="Chan, T. Y. &amp; Crosnier, A." box="[546,831,244,269]" page="213" pageId="2" pageNumber="69" year="1997">
<bibRefCitation id="F9384B2CFFEB056C047FFF349E4DFEDF" author="Chan, T. Y. &amp; Crosnier, A." box="[546,831,244,269]" pageId="2" pageNumber="69" pagination="187 - 234" refId="ref6029" refString="Chan, T. Y. &amp; Crosnier, A. (1997) Crustacea Decapoda: Deep sea shrimps of the genus Plesionika Bate, 1888 (Pandalidae) from French Polynesia, with descriptions of five new species. In: Crosnier, A. (Ed.), Resultats des Campagnes MUSORSTOM. Vol. 18. Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire naturelle, 176, pp. 187 - 234." type="journal article" year="1997">Chan &amp; Crosnier 1997: 213</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="1C0810CCFFEB056C0517FF3599F9FEDF" author="De Grave, S. &amp; Fransen, C. H. J. M." box="[842,1163,245,269]" page="449" pageId="2" pageNumber="69" year="2011">
<bibRefCitation id="F9384B2CFFEB056C0517FF3599F9FEDF" author="De Grave, S. &amp; Fransen, C. H. J. M." box="[842,1163,245,269]" pageId="2" pageNumber="69" pagination="195 - 589" refId="ref6209" refString="De Grave, S. &amp; Fransen, C. H. J. M. (2011) Carideorum catalogus: The recent species of the Dendrobranchiate, Stenopodidean, Procarididean and Caridean shrimps (Crustacea: Decapoda). Zoologische Mededelingen, 85 (9), 195 - 589." type="journal article" year="2011">De Grave &amp; Fransen 2011: 449</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="1C0810CCFFEB056C02C8FF349D92FEF9" author="Rajool Shanis, C. P. &amp; Akhilesh, K. V. &amp; Manjebrayakath, H. &amp; Ganga, U. &amp; Pillai, N. G. K." page="40" pageId="2" pageNumber="69" year="2012">
<bibRefCitation id="F9384B2CFFEB056C02C8FF349D92FEF9" author="Rajool Shanis, C. P. &amp; Akhilesh, K. V. &amp; Manjebrayakath, H. &amp; Ganga, U. &amp; Pillai, N. G. K." pageId="2" pageNumber="69" pagination="45 - 49" refId="ref7781" refString="Rajool Shanis, C. P., Akhilesh, K. V., Manjebrayakath, H., Ganga, U. &amp; Pillai, N. G. K. (2012) Shrimps of the family Pandalidae (Caridea) from Indian waters, with new distributional record of Plesionika adensameri (Balss, 1914). Journal of the Marine Biological Association of India, 54 (1), 45 - 49." type="journal article" year="2012">
Rajool Shanis
<emphasis id="AFDDEACFFFEB056C0374FF35982FFEDF" box="[1321,1373,245,269]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="69">et al.</emphasis>
2012: 40
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(in part);
<treatmentCitation id="1C0810CCFFEB056C071AFED39F37FEFE" author="Samuel, V. K. D. &amp; Sreeraj, C. R. &amp; Krishnan, P. &amp; Parthiban, C. &amp; Sekar, V. &amp; Chamundeeswari, K. &amp; Immanuel, T. &amp; Shesdev, P. &amp; Purvaja, R. &amp; Ramesh, R." box="[327,581,275,300]" page="8985" pageId="2" pageNumber="69" year="2016">
<bibRefCitation id="F9384B2CFFEB056C071AFED39F37FEFE" author="Samuel, V. K. D. &amp; Sreeraj, C. R. &amp; Krishnan, P. &amp; Parthiban, C. &amp; Sekar, V. &amp; Chamundeeswari, K. &amp; Immanuel, T. &amp; Shesdev, P. &amp; Purvaja, R. &amp; Ramesh, R." box="[327,581,275,300]" pageId="2" pageNumber="69" pagination="8977 - 8988" refId="ref7991" refString="Samuel, V. K. D., Sreeraj, C. R., Krishnan, P., Parthiban, C., Sekar, V., Chamundeeswari, K., Immanuel, T., Shesdev, P., Purvaja, R. &amp; Ramesh, R. (2016) An updated checklist of shrimps on the Indian coast. Journal of Threatened Taxa, 8 (7), 8977 - 8988. https: // doi. org / 10.11609 / jott. 2628.8.7.8977 - 8988" type="journal article" year="2016">
Samuel
<emphasis id="AFDDEACFFFEB056C07C4FED49CBEFEF9" box="[409,460,275,299]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="69">et al.</emphasis>
2016: 8985
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(in part).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D1636DDFFEB056C06CAFEF29FBEFEBB" blockId="2.[151,1437,152,361]" pageId="2" pageNumber="69">
Not
<taxonomicName id="5AA94D5EFFEB056C0699FEF29FE0FE98" ID-CoL="9D48L" authority="- George &amp; Rao 1967: 330" authorityName="- George &amp; Rao" authorityPageNumber="330" authorityYear="1967" box="[196,658,305,330]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pandalidae" genus="Plesionika" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="martia">
<emphasis id="AFDDEACFFFEB056C0699FEF29C0BFE98" box="[196,377,306,330]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="69">Plesionika martia</emphasis>
—George &amp; Rao 1967: 330
</taxonomicName>
(? in part);
<bibRefCitation id="F9384B2CFFEB056C0557FEF19EA1FE98" author="Suseelan, C." box="[778,979,305,330]" pageId="2" pageNumber="69" pagination="491 - 511" refId="ref8087" refString="Suseelan, C. (1974) Observations on the deep-sea prawn fishery off the South-West coast of India with special references to pandalids. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of India, 16 (2), 491 - 511." type="journal article" year="1974">Suseelan 1974: 500</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 2 (? in part);
<bibRefCitation id="F9384B2CFFEB056C02D6FEF19D92FEBB" author="Radhakrishnan, E. V. &amp; Deshmukh, V. D. &amp; Maheswarudu, G. &amp; Josileen, J. &amp; Dineshababu, A. P. &amp; Philipose, K. K. &amp; Sarada, P. T. &amp; Pillai, S. L. &amp; Saleela, K. N. &amp; Chakraborty, R. &amp; Dash, G. &amp; Sajeev, C. K. &amp; Thirumilu, P. &amp; Sridhara, B. &amp; Muniuyappa, Y. &amp; Sawant, A. D. &amp; Vaidya, N. G. &amp; Johny, R. D. &amp; Verma, J. B. &amp; Baby, P. K. &amp; Unnikrishnan, C. &amp; Ramachandran, N. P. &amp; Vairamani, A. &amp; Palanichamy, A. &amp; Radhakrishnan, M. &amp; Raju, B." pageId="2" pageNumber="69" pagination="50 - 72" refId="ref7537" refString="Radhakrishnan, E. V., Deshmukh, V. D., Maheswarudu, G., Josileen, J., Dineshababu, A. P., Philipose, K. K., Sarada, P. T., Pillai, S. L., Saleela, K. N., Chakraborty, R., Dash, G., Sajeev, C. K., Thirumilu, P., Sridhara, B., Muniuyappa, Y., Sawant, A. D., Vaidya, N. G., Johny, R. D., Verma, J. B., Baby, P. K., Unnikrishnan, C., Ramachandran, N. P., Vairamani, A., Palanichamy, A., Radhakrishnan, M. &amp; Raju, B. (2012) Prawn fauna (Crustacea: Decapoda) of India-An annotated checklist of the penaeoid, segestoid, stenopodid and caridean prawns. Journal of Marine Biological Association of India, 54 (1), 50 - 72." type="journal article" year="2012">
Radhakrishnan
<emphasis id="AFDDEACFFFEB056C0374FEF3982FFE98" box="[1321,1373,306,330]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="69">et al.</emphasis>
2012: 68
</bibRefCitation>
(? in part). [=
<taxonomicName id="5AA94D5EFFEB056C0729FE919FB4FEBB" ID-CoL="9D49P" authority="Bate, 1888" authorityName="Bate" authorityYear="1888" box="[372,710,337,361]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pandalidae" genus="Plesionika" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="semilaevis">
<emphasis id="AFDDEACFFFEB056C0729FE919F22FEBB" box="[372,592,337,361]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="69">Plesionika semilaevis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="F9384B2CFFEB056C040BFE919FB4FEBB" author="Bate, C. S." box="[598,710,337,361]" pageId="2" pageNumber="69" pagination="1 - 942" refId="ref5618" refString="Bate, C. S. (1888) Report of the Crustacea Macrura collected by the Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876. Report on the Sci- entific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876, 24, 1 - 942, pls. 1 - 157." type="journal article" year="1888">Bate, 1888</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
]
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D5B36556FFEB056C06CAFE569FC9FE07" pageId="2" pageNumber="69" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="9D1636DDFFEB056C06CAFE569FC9FE07" blockId="2.[151,1437,406,2018]" pageId="2" pageNumber="69">
<emphasis id="AFDDEACFFFEB056C06CAFE569CF2FE63" bold="true" box="[151,384,406,433]" pageId="2" pageNumber="69">Material examined.</emphasis>
Great
<collectingCountry id="E5BE764DFFEB056C0797FE579F0EFE63" box="[458,636,407,433]" name="India" pageId="2" pageNumber="69">Nicobar Islands</collectingCountry>
, Andaman Sea,
<geoCoordinate id="F89D501AFFEB056C0573FE569EC0FE63" box="[814,946,406,433]" degrees="9" direction="north" minutes="37.159" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="69" precision="1" value="9.619317">9º37.159’N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="F89D501AFFEB056C05E1FE579938FE63" box="[956,1098,407,433]" degrees="92" direction="east" minutes="44.011" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="69" precision="1" value="92.73352">92º44.011’E</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="E917101DFFEB056C0209FE57985CFE63" box="[1108,1326,407,433]" pageId="2" pageNumber="69" value="2017-11-17">17 November 2017</date>
, 1 ovigerous female cl 20.0 mm (
<collectionCode id="FBB8AE18FFEB056C07FBFE7B9F6EFE07" box="[422,540,443,469]" pageId="2" pageNumber="69">DABFUK</collectionCode>
/AR-PLE-24).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D5B36556FFEB056C069AFE1E9EBDFB53" pageId="2" pageNumber="69" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="9D1636DDFFEB056C069AFE1E9F8EFBE8" blockId="2.[151,1437,406,2018]" pageId="2" pageNumber="69">
<emphasis id="AFDDEACFFFEB056C069AFE1E9C30FE2B" bold="true" box="[199,322,478,505]" pageId="2" pageNumber="69">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Rostrum extending far beyond scaphocerite, 1.9 times longer than carapace, basal part descending but curved upwards and straight distal to antennular peduncle; dorsal margin armed only with 7 teeth, including 3 on rostrum proper behind tip of antennular peduncle and 4 on carapace posterior to orbital margin, posteriormost tooth bearing incomplete basal suture, none with barbed tip; ventral margin with 57 closely spaced teeth. Carapace with postrostral ridge distinct but not elevated as lamina, extending to about posterior 2/3 of carapace; hepatic region having small pit-like depression; antennal spine moderately large while pterygostomian spine small; orbital margin with upper part faintly convex and almost vertically straight, lower part slightly convex. Eye with distinct ocellus. Antennular peduncle basal segment with stylocerite obtuse but distally pointed, laterally strongly folded upwards, extending just beyond distal margin of basal peduncular segment. Scaphocerite slender, 0.9 times as long as carapace and 5.6 times as long as maximum width; distolateral tooth more or less extending to distal margin of lamina; basicerite spine moderately long and slightly overreaching proximal end of lateral margin of scaphocerite. Maxilliped III bearing well developed, strap-like epipods; penultimate segment 1.2 times as long as ultimate segment. Anterior 4 pereiopods bearing well developed, strap-like epipods. Pereiopod II subequal, carpus divided into 25–28 articles. All posterior 3 pereiopods incomplete and with distal segments lost. Abdomen with posterior margin of tergite III rounded, pleuron IV posteroventrally rounded while pleuron V posteroventrally pointed, somite VI 2.2 times longer than maximum height; telson 1.1 times longer than somite VI and bearing 3 pairs of dorsolateral spines (excluding pair adjacent to posterior margin of telson).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D1636DDFFEB056C069AFB829EBDFB53" blockId="2.[151,1437,406,2018]" pageId="2" pageNumber="69">
<emphasis id="AFDDEACFFFEB056C069AFB829C3DFB8F" bold="true" box="[199,335,1090,1117]" pageId="2" pageNumber="69">Coloration.</emphasis>
Body pinkish red with eggs blue for the East Atlantic topotypic material (
<bibRefCitation id="F9384B2CFFEB056C02D8FB839851FB8F" author="Fransen, C. H. J. M." box="[1157,1315,1091,1117]" pageId="2" pageNumber="69" pagination="38 - 196" refId="ref6363" refString="Fransen, C. H. J. M. (2014) Shrimps and prawns. In: Carpenter, K. E. &amp; De Angelis, N. (Eds.), FAO identification guide for fisheries purpose, The living marine resources of the Eastern Atlantic. Vol. I. FAO, Rome, pp. 38 - 196." type="book chapter" year="2014">Fransen 2014</bibRefCitation>
). No information available on the coloration of the present Andaman Sea specimen.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D5B36556FFEB056C069AFB4A998FFB1B" pageId="2" pageNumber="69" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="9D1636DDFFEB056C069AFB4A998FFB1B" blockId="2.[151,1437,406,2018]" pageId="2" pageNumber="69">
<emphasis id="AFDDEACFFFEB056C069AFB4A9C13FB77" bold="true" box="[199,353,1162,1189]" pageId="2" pageNumber="69">Distribution.</emphasis>
Widely reported from the Atlantic and the Indo-West Pacific, at depths of
<quantity id="5A519B38FFEB056C02FDFB4B9836FB74" box="[1184,1348,1162,1190]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1925" metricValueMax="2.195" metricValueMin="0.19" pageId="2" pageNumber="69" unit="m" value="1192.5" valueMax="2195.0" valueMin="190.0">190 to 2195 m</quantity>
, mostly less than
<quantity id="5A519B38FFEB056C06A2FB6F9C34FB18" box="[255,326,1199,1226]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="69" unit="m" value="700.0">700 m</quantity>
(see
<bibRefCitation id="F9384B2CFFEB056C07DCFB6F9FFFFB1B" author="Crosnier, A. &amp; Forest, J." box="[385,653,1199,1226]" pageId="2" pageNumber="69" pagination="1 - 409" refId="ref6181" refString="Crosnier, A. &amp; Forest, J. (1973) Les crevettesprofondes de l'Atlantique oriental tropical. Faune Tropicale, 19, 1 - 409." type="journal article" year="1973">Crosnier &amp; Forest 1973</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="F9384B2CFFEB056C04C4FB6F9E4EFB1B" author="Holthuis, L. B." box="[665,828,1199,1225]" pageId="2" pageNumber="69" pagination="1 - 271" refId="ref6790" refString="Holthuis, L. B. (1980) FAO species catalogue. vol. 1. Shrimps and prawns of the world. An annotated catalogue of species of interest to fisheries. FAO Fisheries Synopsis, 125 (1), 1 - xvii + 1 - 271." type="book chapter" year="1980">Holthuis 1980</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="F9384B2CFFEB056C0515FB6F993BFB1B" author="Chan, T. Y. &amp; Crosnier, A." box="[840,1097,1199,1225]" pageId="2" pageNumber="69" pagination="187 - 234" refId="ref6029" refString="Chan, T. Y. &amp; Crosnier, A. (1997) Crustacea Decapoda: Deep sea shrimps of the genus Plesionika Bate, 1888 (Pandalidae) from French Polynesia, with descriptions of five new species. In: Crosnier, A. (Ed.), Resultats des Campagnes MUSORSTOM. Vol. 18. Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire naturelle, 176, pp. 187 - 234." type="journal article" year="1997">Chan &amp; Crosnier 1997</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="F9384B2CFFEB056C0208FB709983FB1B" author="Fransen, C. H. J. M." box="[1109,1265,1199,1226]" pageId="2" pageNumber="69" pagination="38 - 196" refId="ref6363" refString="Fransen, C. H. J. M. (2014) Shrimps and prawns. In: Carpenter, K. E. &amp; De Angelis, N. (Eds.), FAO identification guide for fisheries purpose, The living marine resources of the Eastern Atlantic. Vol. I. FAO, Rome, pp. 38 - 196." type="book chapter" year="2014">Fransen 2014</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D5B36556FFEB056A069AFB139FA2FBC1" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="71" pageId="2" pageNumber="69" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="9D1636DDFFEB056C069AFB1399F1FA3B" blockId="2.[151,1437,406,2018]" pageId="2" pageNumber="69">
<emphasis id="AFDDEACFFFEB056C069AFB139C49FB3F" bold="true" box="[199,315,1235,1261]" pageId="2" pageNumber="69">Remarks.</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="F9384B2CFFEB056C071CFB139CA5FB3F" author="Chace, F. A. Jr." box="[321,471,1234,1261]" pageId="2" pageNumber="69" pagination="1 - 143" refId="ref5803" refString="Chace, F. A. Jr. (1985) The Caridean shrimps (Crustacea: Decapoda) of the Albatross Philippine Expedition, 1907 - 1910, Part 3: Families Thalassocarididae and Pandalidae. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 411, 1 - 143. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00810282.411" type="journal article" year="1985">Chace (1985)</bibRefCitation>
regarded that
<taxonomicName id="5AA94D5EFFEB056C0428FB149FA8FB3F" authorityName="- George &amp; Rao" authorityYear="1967" box="[629,730,1236,1261]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pandalidae" genus="Plesionika" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="martia">
<emphasis id="AFDDEACFFFEB056C0428FB149FA8FB3F" box="[629,730,1236,1261]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="69">P. martia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was restricted to the Atlantic while the Indo-West Pacific population was a subspecies
<taxonomicName id="5AA94D5EFFEB056C07C2FB389F07FAC3" authorityName="Chace" authorityYear="1985" box="[415,629,1271,1297]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pandalidae" genus="Plesionika" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="martia" subSpecies="orientalis">
<emphasis id="AFDDEACFFFEB056C07C2FB389F07FAC3" box="[415,629,1271,1297]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="69">P. martia orientalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Most of the differences between the two subspecies, as well as those for distinguishing the species of the “
<taxonomicName id="5AA94D5EFFEB056C044CFADC9F0AFAE7" authorityName="- George &amp; Rao" authorityYear="1967" box="[529,632,1308,1333]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pandalidae" genus="Plesionika" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="martia">
<emphasis id="AFDDEACFFFEB056C044CFADC9F0AFAE7" box="[529,632,1308,1333]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="69">P. martia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” group proposed by
<bibRefCitation id="F9384B2CFFEB056C053EFADB9E87FAE7" author="Chace, F. A. Jr." box="[867,1013,1306,1333]" pageId="2" pageNumber="69" pagination="1 - 143" refId="ref5803" refString="Chace, F. A. Jr. (1985) The Caridean shrimps (Crustacea: Decapoda) of the Albatross Philippine Expedition, 1907 - 1910, Part 3: Families Thalassocarididae and Pandalidae. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 411, 1 - 143. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00810282.411" type="journal article" year="1985">Chace (1985</bibRefCitation>
; such as the eye shape, pereiopod and pleopod length) are rather difficult to use in addition to these rather fragile body parts are often damaged or incomplete. Moreover, it is highly likely that forms most closely related to
<taxonomicName id="5AA94D5EFFEB056C05D0FAA49931FAAF" authority="martia" box="[909,1091,1380,1405]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pandalidae" genus="Plesionika" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="martia" subSpecies="martia">
<emphasis id="AFDDEACFFFEB056C05D0FAA49931FAAF" box="[909,1091,1380,1405]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="69">P. martia martia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are present at least in
<collectingCountry id="E5BE764DFFEB056C036BFAA398EFFAAF" box="[1334,1437,1379,1405]" name="Australia" pageId="2" pageNumber="69">Australia</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="F9384B2CFFEB056C06C2FA479C25FA73" author="Hanamura, Y." box="[159,343,1415,1441]" pageId="2" pageNumber="69" pagination="51 - 69" refId="ref6479" refString="Hanamura, Y. (1989) Deep-sea shrimps (Crustacea: Decapoda) collected by the R. V. &quot; Soela &quot; from southern Australia. Bulletin of the Biogeographical Society of Japan, 44, 51 - 69." type="journal article" year="1989">Hanamura 1989</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="F9384B2CFFEB056C073CFA489FF2FA70" author="Hanamura, Y. &amp; Evans, D. R." box="[353,640,1415,1442]" pageId="2" pageNumber="69" pagination="1 - 18" refId="ref6521" refString="Hanamura, Y. &amp; Evans, D. R. (1996) Deepwater caridean shrimps of the families Nematocarcinidae, Stylodactylidae, Pandalidae and Crangonidae (Crustacea: Decapoda) from western Australia. Bulletin of Nansei National Fisheries Research Institute, 29, 1 - 18." type="journal article" year="1996">Hanamura &amp; Evans 1996</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingCountry id="E5BE764DFFEB056C04CFFA479F96FA73" box="[658,740,1415,1441]" name="Taiwan" pageId="2" pageNumber="69">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="E5BE764DFFEB056C0547FA479EA9FA73" box="[794,987,1415,1441]" name="French Polynesia" pageId="2" pageNumber="69">French Polynesia</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="F9384B2CFFEB056C05B4FA47999EFA73" author="Chan, T. Y. &amp; Crosnier, A." box="[1001,1260,1415,1441]" pageId="2" pageNumber="69" pagination="187 - 234" refId="ref6029" refString="Chan, T. Y. &amp; Crosnier, A. (1997) Crustacea Decapoda: Deep sea shrimps of the genus Plesionika Bate, 1888 (Pandalidae) from French Polynesia, with descriptions of five new species. In: Crosnier, A. (Ed.), Resultats des Campagnes MUSORSTOM. Vol. 18. Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire naturelle, 176, pp. 187 - 234." type="journal article" year="1997">Chan &amp; Crosnier 1997</bibRefCitation>
). Therefore, the subspecies
<taxonomicName id="5AA94D5EFFEB056C074AFA6C9C82FA17" authorityName="Chace" authorityYear="1985" box="[279,496,1451,1477]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pandalidae" genus="Plesionika" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="martia" subSpecies="orientalis">
<emphasis id="AFDDEACFFFEB056C074AFA6C9C82FA17" box="[279,496,1451,1477]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="69">P. martia orientalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is now generally treated as a distinct species
<taxonomicName id="5AA94D5EFFEB056C05A8FA6C990EFA17" authorityName="Chace" authorityYear="1985" box="[1013,1148,1451,1477]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pandalidae" genus="Plesionika" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orientalis">
<emphasis id="AFDDEACFFFEB056C05A8FA6C990EFA17" box="[1013,1148,1451,1477]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="69">P. orientalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(e.g.
<bibRefCitation id="F9384B2CFFEB056C02E3FA6C9DA0FA3B" author="Hanamura, Y. &amp; Evans, D. R." pageId="2" pageNumber="69" pagination="1 - 18" refId="ref6521" refString="Hanamura, Y. &amp; Evans, D. R. (1996) Deepwater caridean shrimps of the families Nematocarcinidae, Stylodactylidae, Pandalidae and Crangonidae (Crustacea: Decapoda) from western Australia. Bulletin of Nansei National Fisheries Research Institute, 29, 1 - 18." type="journal article" year="1996">Hanamura &amp; Evans 1996</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="F9384B2CFFEB056C0683FA0F9C48FA3B" author="Li, X. Z." box="[222,314,1487,1513]" pageId="2" pageNumber="69" pagination="1281 - 1296" refId="ref7147" refString="Li, X. Z. (2006) Report on some pandalid shrimps from the East China Sea (Decapoda Caridea). Crustaceana, 79 (11), 1281 - 1296. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 156854006779277303" type="journal article" year="2006">Li 2006</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="F9384B2CFFEB056C0718FA0F9C90FA3B" author="Hayashi, K. I." box="[325,482,1487,1513]" pageId="2" pageNumber="69" pagination="303 - 308" refId="ref6696" refString="Hayashi, K. I. (2009) Prawns, shrimps and lobsters from Japan (165). Aquabiology, 31 (3), 303 - 308." type="journal article" year="2009">Hayashi 2009</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="F9384B2CFFEB056C07B3FA0F9F09FA3B" author="Komai, T." box="[494,635,1487,1513]" pageId="2" pageNumber="69" pagination="279 - 337" refId="ref6905" refString="Komai, T. (2011) Deep-sea shrimps and lobsters (Crustacea: Decapoda: Dendrobranchiata and Pleocyemata) from the Sagami Sea and Isu Islands, central Japan. Memoris of the National Museum of Natural Science, 47, 279 - 337." type="journal article" year="2011">Komai 2011</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="F9384B2CFFEB056C04DBFA109EC2FA3B" author="De Grave, S. &amp; Fransen, C. H. J. M." box="[646,944,1487,1514]" pageId="2" pageNumber="69" pagination="195 - 589" refId="ref6209" refString="De Grave, S. &amp; Fransen, C. H. J. M. (2011) Carideorum catalogus: The recent species of the Dendrobranchiate, Stenopodidean, Procarididean and Caridean shrimps (Crustacea: Decapoda). Zoologische Mededelingen, 85 (9), 195 - 589." type="journal article" year="2011">De Grave &amp; Fransen 2011</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="F9384B2CFFEB056C05E1FA0F9905FA3B" author="Li, X. &amp; Chan, T. Y." box="[956,1143,1487,1513]" pageId="2" pageNumber="69" pagination="129 - 154" refId="ref7192" refString="Li, X. &amp; Chan, T. Y. (2013) Pandalid shrimps (Crustacea, Decapoda, Caridea) collected from the Philippines PANGLAO 2005 deep-sea expedition. In: Ahyong, S. T., Chan, T. Y., Corbari, L. &amp; Ng, P. K. L. (Eds.), Tropical Deep-sea Benthos. Vol. 27. Memories du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, 204, pp. 129 - 154." type="journal article" year="2013">Li &amp; Chan 2013</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D1636DDFFEB056D069AFA339FB7FF29" blockId="2.[151,1437,406,2018]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1436,153,251]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="70" pageId="2" pageNumber="69">
On the other hand,
<bibRefCitation id="F9384B2CFFEB056C07C1FA339FD4F9DF" author="Chan, T. Y. &amp; Crosnier, A." box="[412,678,1523,1549]" pageId="2" pageNumber="69" pagination="187 - 234" refId="ref6029" refString="Chan, T. Y. &amp; Crosnier, A. (1997) Crustacea Decapoda: Deep sea shrimps of the genus Plesionika Bate, 1888 (Pandalidae) from French Polynesia, with descriptions of five new species. In: Crosnier, A. (Ed.), Resultats des Campagnes MUSORSTOM. Vol. 18. Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire naturelle, 176, pp. 187 - 234." type="journal article" year="1997">Chan &amp; Crosnier (1997</bibRefCitation>
, also see
<bibRefCitation id="F9384B2CFFEB056C0553FA339EB7F9DF" author="Li, X. &amp; Chan, T. Y." box="[782,965,1523,1549]" pageId="2" pageNumber="69" pagination="129 - 154" refId="ref7192" refString="Li, X. &amp; Chan, T. Y. (2013) Pandalid shrimps (Crustacea, Decapoda, Caridea) collected from the Philippines PANGLAO 2005 deep-sea expedition. In: Ahyong, S. T., Chan, T. Y., Corbari, L. &amp; Ng, P. K. L. (Eds.), Tropical Deep-sea Benthos. Vol. 27. Memories du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, 204, pp. 129 - 154." type="journal article" year="2013">Li &amp; Chan 2013</bibRefCitation>
) proposed that the shape of the postrostral carina, orbital margin and the size of antennal basicerite spine are more useful in separating the species of the “
<taxonomicName id="5AA94D5EFFEB056C03D5F9D89D90F987" authorityName="- George &amp; Rao" authorityYear="1967" class="Malacostraca" family="Pandalidae" genus="Plesionika" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="martia">
<emphasis id="AFDDEACFFFEB056C03D5F9D89D90F987" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="69">P. martia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” group.
<taxonomicName id="5AA94D5EFFEB056C071FF9FB9F7BF987" authorityName="- George &amp; Rao" authorityYear="1967" box="[322,521,1595,1621]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pandalidae" genus="Plesionika" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="martia">
<emphasis id="AFDDEACFFFEB056C071FF9FB9F7BF987" box="[322,521,1595,1621]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="69">Plesionika martia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has the postrostral carina not laminar, upper part of the orbital margin almost vertically straight, and the antennal basicerite spine overreaching the posterior end of the lateral margin of the scaphocerite.
<taxonomicName id="5AA94D5EFFEB056C069FF9439CD8F94F" authorityName="Chace" authorityYear="1985" box="[194,426,1667,1693]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pandalidae" genus="Plesionika" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orientalis">
<emphasis id="AFDDEACFFFEB056C069FF9439CD8F94F" box="[194,426,1667,1693]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="69">Plesionika orientalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has the postrostral carina elevated and distinctly laminar, upper part of the orbital margin more or less vertically straight or slightly convex, and the basicerite spine more or less extending to the posterior end of the lateral margin of the scaphocerite.
<taxonomicName id="5AA94D5EFFEB056C04D3F90B9E0DF937" authorityName="Bate" authorityYear="1888" box="[654,895,1739,1765]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pandalidae" genus="Plesionika" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="semilaevis">
<emphasis id="AFDDEACFFFEB056C04D3F90B9E0DF937" box="[654,895,1739,1765]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="69">Plesionika semilaevis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has the postrostral carina elevated and distinctly laminar, upper part of the orbital margin strongly convex and curved backwards, and the basicerite spine far overreaching the posterior end of the lateral scaphocerite margin.
<taxonomicName id="5AA94D5EFFEB056C0505F8D3992FF8FF" authorityName="Chace" authorityYear="1985" box="[856,1117,1811,1837]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pandalidae" genus="Plesionika" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parvimartia">
<emphasis id="AFDDEACFFFEB056C0505F8D3992FF8FF" box="[856,1117,1811,1837]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="69">Plesionika parvimartia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from the other three species of the group in having a much smaller size and with the anteriormost dorsal rostral tooth generally situated anterior to the antennular peduncle (the other three species of the “
<taxonomicName id="5AA94D5EFFEB056C0522F89C9E97F8A7" authorityName="- George &amp; Rao" authorityYear="1967" box="[895,997,1884,1909]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pandalidae" genus="Plesionika" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="martia">
<emphasis id="AFDDEACFFFEB056C0522F89C9E97F8A7" box="[895,997,1884,1909]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="69">P. martia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” group have dorsal rostral tooth generally restricted behind the tip of the anennular peduncle), the postrostral carina elevated and laminar, orbital margin vertical but regularly convex, and the basicerite spine just overreaching the posterior end of the lateral scaphocerite margin. Nevertheless, the abundant material of this group recently collected from various Indo-West Pacific locali- ties by the French MUSORSTOM-TDSB expeditions (see
<bibRefCitation id="F9384B2CFFEA056D0561FF5999F5FF61" author="Richer de Forges, B. &amp; Chan, T. Y. &amp; Corbari, L. &amp; Lemaitre, R. &amp; Macpherson, E. &amp; Ahyong, S. T. &amp; Ng, P. K. L." box="[828,1159,153,179]" pageId="3" pageNumber="70" pagination="13 - 66" refId="ref7860" refString="Richer de Forges, B., Chan, T. Y., Corbari, L., Lemaitre, R., Macpherson, E., Ahyong, S. T. &amp; Ng, P. K. L. (2013) The MUSOR- STOM-TDSB deep-sea benthos exploration program (1976 - 2012): An overview of crustacean discoveries and new perspectives on deep-sea zoology and biogeography. In: Ahyong, S. T., Chan, T. Y., Corbari, L. &amp; Ng, P. K. L. (Eds.), Tropical Deep-sea Benthos. Vol. 27. Memories du Museum national Histoire naturelle, 204, pp. 13 - 66." type="journal article" year="2013">
Richer de Forges
<emphasis id="AFDDEACFFFEA056D0254FF5A9936FF61" box="[1033,1092,153,179]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="70">et al.</emphasis>
2013
</bibRefCitation>
) indicates that there are highly likely more species in the “
<emphasis id="AFDDEACFFFEA056D0448FF7E9FF9FF05" box="[533,651,189,215]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="70">
<taxonomicName id="5AA94D5EFFEA056D0448FF7E9FF3FF05" authorityName="- George &amp; Rao" authorityYear="1967" box="[533,641,189,215]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pandalidae" genus="Plesionika" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="martia">P. martia</taxonomicName>
”
</emphasis>
group according to the variations in the living coloration, shape of the orbital margin and the size of the basicerite spine.
</paragraph>
<caption id="C9D66655FFEA056D06CAF8E29C2DF818" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3629037" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3629037" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3629037/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="70" startId="3.[151,250,1826,1851]" targetBox="[165,1424,310,1786]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="9D1636DDFFEA056D06CAF8E29C2DF818" blockId="3.[151,1436,1826,1995]" pageId="3" pageNumber="70">
<emphasis id="AFDDEACFFFEA056D06CAF8E29C66F8E9" bold="true" box="[151,276,1826,1851]" pageId="3" pageNumber="70">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
A, C,
<taxonomicName id="5AA94D5EFFEA056D0707F8E39E5BF8E9" authority="(A. Milne-Edwards, 1883)" baseAuthorityName="A. Milne-Edwards" baseAuthorityYear="1883" box="[346,809,1826,1851]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pandalidae" genus="Plesionika" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="martia">
<emphasis id="AFDDEACFFFEA056D0707F8E39F62F8E8" box="[346,528,1827,1851]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="70">Plesionika martia</emphasis>
(A.
<bibRefCitation id="F9384B2CFFEA056D041DF8E29E53F8E9" author="Milne-Edwards, A." box="[576,801,1826,1851]" pageId="3" pageNumber="70" refId="ref7452" refString="Milne-Edwards, A. (1883) Recueil de figures de crustaces nouveaux oupeuconnus. Paris, 3 pp., 44 pls." type="book" year="1883">Milne-Edwards, 1883</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, Great Nicobar Islands, ovigerous female cl 20.0 mm (DAB- FUK/AR-PLE-24). B, D, E,
<taxonomicName id="5AA94D5EFFEA056D07EAF8879FDCF88D" authority="Bate, 1888" authorityName="Bate" authorityYear="1888" box="[439,686,1863,1887]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pandalidae" genus="Plesionika" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="semilaevis">
<emphasis id="AFDDEACFFFEA056D07EAF8879F4BF88D" box="[439,569,1863,1887]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="70">P. semilaevis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="F9384B2CFFEA056D0462F8879FDCF88D" author="Bate, C. S." box="[575,686,1863,1887]" pageId="3" pageNumber="70" pagination="1 - 942" refId="ref5618" refString="Bate, C. S. (1888) Report of the Crustacea Macrura collected by the Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876. Report on the Sci- entific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876, 24, 1 - 942, pls. 1 - 157." type="journal article" year="1888">Bate, 1888</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, Sakthikulangara fishing harbour, Kerala: B, ovigerous female cl 18.6 mm (DABFUK/AR-PLE-25); D, E, ovigerous female cl 18.1 mm (DABFUK/AR-PLE-28).A, B, carapace and cephalic appendages, lateral; C, D, abdominal somites III to VI and tail fan, lateral; E, left pereiopod III propodus and dactylus, lateral. Scales: A-D = 5 mm, E = 2 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="9D1636DDFFED056A069AFF599FA2FBC1" blockId="4.[151,1437,153,1043]" pageId="4" pageNumber="71">
<taxonomicName id="5AA94D5EFFED056A069AFF599CE2FF61" baseAuthorityName="A. Milne-Edwards" baseAuthorityYear="1883" box="[199,400,153,179]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pandalidae" genus="Plesionika" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="martia">
<emphasis id="AFDDEACFFFED056A069AFF599CE2FF61" box="[199,400,153,179]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="71">Plesionika martia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was firstly reported in Indian waters from the western side of the Andaman Islands (Wood- Mason &amp; Alcock 1892) and subsequently off the various coasts of
<collectingCountry id="E5BE764DFFED056A0521FF7D9EC4FF05" box="[892,950,189,215]" name="India" pageId="4" pageNumber="71">India</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="F9384B2CFFED056A0599FF7D992AFF05" author="Alcock, A." box="[964,1112,189,215]" pageId="4" pageNumber="71" pagination="1 - 3" refId="ref5473" refString="Alcock, A. (1901) A descriptive catalogue of the Indian deep-sea Crustacea Decapoda Macrura and Anomala, in the Indian museum. Being a revised account of the deep-sea species collected by the Royal Indian marine survey ship &quot; Investigator &quot;. Indian Museum, Calcutta, 286 pp., pls. 1 - 3. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 30840" type="book chapter" year="1901">Alcock 1901</bibRefCitation>
; George &amp; Rao 1967;
<bibRefCitation id="F9384B2CFFED056A030FFF7D9D89FF29" author="Suseelan, C." pageId="4" pageNumber="71" pagination="491 - 511" refId="ref8087" refString="Suseelan, C. (1974) Observations on the deep-sea prawn fishery off the South-West coast of India with special references to pandalids. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of India, 16 (2), 491 - 511." type="journal article" year="1974">Suseelan 1974</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="F9384B2CFFED056A075BFF219CB4FF29" author="Rajan, K. N. &amp; Nandakumar, G. &amp; Chellappan, K." box="[262,454,225,251]" pageId="4" pageNumber="71" pagination="1 - 11" refId="ref7736" refString="Rajan, K. N., Nandakumar, G. &amp; Chellappan, K. (2001) Innovative exploitation of deepsea crustaceans along the Kerala coast. Marine Fisheries Information Service, Technical and Extension Series, 168, 1 - 11." type="journal article" year="2001">
Rajan
<emphasis id="AFDDEACFFFED056A0710FF229CF7FF29" box="[333,389,225,251]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="71">et al.</emphasis>
2001
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="F9384B2CFFED056A078CFF219FE5FF29" author="Kurup, B. M. &amp; Rajasree, R. &amp; Venu, S." box="[465,663,225,251]" pageId="4" pageNumber="71" pagination="122 - 126" refId="ref7102" refString="Kurup, B. M., Rajasree, R. &amp; Venu, S. (2008) Distribution of deep sea prawns off Kerala. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of India, 50 (2), 122 - 126." type="journal article" year="2008">
Kurup
<emphasis id="AFDDEACFFFED056A0442FF229F24FF29" box="[543,598,225,251]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="71">et al.</emphasis>
2008
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="F9384B2CFFED056A04FFFF219ECDFF29" author="Rajool Shanis, C. P. &amp; Akhilesh, K. V. &amp; Manjebrayakath, H. &amp; Ganga, U. &amp; Pillai, N. G. K." box="[674,959,225,251]" pageId="4" pageNumber="71" pagination="45 - 49" refId="ref7781" refString="Rajool Shanis, C. P., Akhilesh, K. V., Manjebrayakath, H., Ganga, U. &amp; Pillai, N. G. K. (2012) Shrimps of the family Pandalidae (Caridea) from Indian waters, with new distributional record of Plesionika adensameri (Balss, 1914). Journal of the Marine Biological Association of India, 54 (1), 45 - 49." type="journal article" year="2012">
Rajool Shanis
<emphasis id="AFDDEACFFFED056A0519FF229E07FF29" box="[836,885,225,251]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="71">et al</emphasis>
. 2012
</bibRefCitation>
). The present specimen was collected from the Andaman Sea in a locality (west of Great
<collectingCountry id="E5BE764DFFED056A04C1FEC59E3DFEF2" box="[668,847,261,288]" name="India" pageId="4" pageNumber="71">Nicobar Islands</collectingCountry>
) adjacent to the first record of this species in Indian waters. To provide more insights on the taxonomic status of the present Andaman Sea specimen, its COI sequence was compared with topotypic material of the four species in the “
<taxonomicName id="5AA94D5EFFED056A05DFFE8E9E98FEB5" baseAuthorityName="A. Milne-Edwards" baseAuthorityYear="1883" box="[898,1002,334,359]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pandalidae" genus="Plesionika" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="martia">
<emphasis id="AFDDEACFFFED056A05DFFE8E9E98FEB5" box="[898,1002,334,359]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="71">P. martia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” group as well as an Indian specimen from the
<collectingCountry id="E5BE764DFFED056A06A3FEB19C03FE59" box="[254,369,369,395]" name="India" pageId="4" pageNumber="71">Laccadive</collectingCountry>
Sea registered as
<taxonomicName id="5AA94D5EFFED056A0466FEB29FD0FE59" baseAuthorityName="A. Milne-Edwards" baseAuthorityYear="1883" box="[571,674,370,395]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pandalidae" genus="Plesionika" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="martia">
<emphasis id="AFDDEACFFFED056A0466FEB29FD0FE59" box="[571,674,370,395]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="71">P. martia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<accessionNumber id="82FAAB3EFFED056A04EDFEB19E42FE5E" box="[688,816,369,396]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/KU708836" pageId="4" pageNumber="71">KU708836</accessionNumber>
) in the GenBank (
<tableCitation id="D02B0366FFED056A05A0FEB19926FE59" box="[1021,1108,369,395]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="6.[144,232,483,509]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="TABLE 2.Uncorrected pairwise genetic distance (p-distance) based on the mitochondrial COI gene (586-657 bp) amongst the Indian and topotypic specimens of the “Plesionika martia” species group. Numbers in parentheses refer to number of individual sequence." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/C9D66655FFEF056806CDFE239947FDF3" pageId="4" pageNumber="71" tableUuid="C9D66655FFEF056806CDFE239947FDF3">Table 2</tableCitation>
). There are very high genetic divergences (14.7-22.1%) amongst the topotypic material of the four species in the “
<taxonomicName id="5AA94D5EFFED056A021BFE5699DFFE7D" baseAuthorityName="A. Milne-Edwards" baseAuthorityYear="1883" box="[1094,1197,406,431]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pandalidae" genus="Plesionika" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="martia">
<emphasis id="AFDDEACFFFED056A021BFE5699DFFE7D" box="[1094,1197,406,431]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="71">P. martia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” group as defined by
<bibRefCitation id="F9384B2CFFED056A06CAFE799CD9FE01" author="Chan, T. Y. &amp; Crosnier, A." box="[151,427,441,467]" pageId="4" pageNumber="71" pagination="187 - 234" refId="ref6029" refString="Chan, T. Y. &amp; Crosnier, A. (1997) Crustacea Decapoda: Deep sea shrimps of the genus Plesionika Bate, 1888 (Pandalidae) from French Polynesia, with descriptions of five new species. In: Crosnier, A. (Ed.), Resultats des Campagnes MUSORSTOM. Vol. 18. Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire naturelle, 176, pp. 187 - 234." type="journal article" year="1997">Chan &amp; Crosnier (1997)</bibRefCitation>
. The Andaman Sea specimen, though with high sequence divergence, is more similar to
<taxonomicName id="5AA94D5EFFED056A03D5FE7A9D90FE25" baseAuthorityName="A. Milne-Edwards" baseAuthorityYear="1883" class="Malacostraca" family="Pandalidae" genus="Plesionika" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="martia">
<emphasis id="AFDDEACFFFED056A03D5FE7A9D90FE25" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="71">P. martia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
than
<taxonomicName id="5AA94D5EFFED056A0779FE1E9CDEFE25" authorityName="Chace" authorityYear="1985" box="[292,428,477,503]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pandalidae" genus="Plesionika" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orientalis">
<emphasis id="AFDDEACFFFED056A0779FE1E9CDEFE25" box="[292,428,477,503]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="71">P. orientalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Moreover, the very high genetic differences (20.4-22.1%) between the topotypic specimens of
<taxonomicName id="5AA94D5EFFED056A06A6FDC29CF1FDC9" authorityName="Chace" authorityYear="1985" box="[251,387,513,539]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pandalidae" genus="Plesionika" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orientalis">
<emphasis id="AFDDEACFFFED056A06A6FDC29CF1FDC9" box="[251,387,513,539]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="71">P. orientalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="5AA94D5EFFED056A07E3FDC29F54FDC9" baseAuthorityName="A. Milne-Edwards" baseAuthorityYear="1883" box="[446,550,514,539]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pandalidae" genus="Plesionika" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="martia">
<emphasis id="AFDDEACFFFED056A07E3FDC29F54FDC9" box="[446,550,514,539]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="71">P. martia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
confirm that they are indeed distinct species instead of subspecies. The other sequence from a specimen from
<collectingCountry id="E5BE764DFFED056A045EFDE59F4DFDED" box="[515,575,549,575]" name="India" pageId="4" pageNumber="71">India</collectingCountry>
, identified with
<taxonomicName id="5AA94D5EFFED056A04A8FDE69E2EFDED" baseAuthorityName="A. Milne-Edwards" baseAuthorityYear="1883" box="[757,860,550,575]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pandalidae" genus="Plesionika" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="martia">
<emphasis id="AFDDEACFFFED056A04A8FDE69E2EFDED" box="[757,860,550,575]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="71">P. martia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<accessionNumber id="82FAAB3EFFED056A0537FDE59E98FD92" box="[874,1002,549,576]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/KU708836" pageId="4" pageNumber="71">KU708836</accessionNumber>
) in the GenBank, have more than 20% sequence divergence from both the present specimen and the Atlantic material. On the other hand, this
<accessionNumber id="82FAAB3EFFED056A037DFD8998EEFDB1" box="[1312,1436,585,611]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/KU708836" pageId="4" pageNumber="71">KU708836</accessionNumber>
sequence showed 99.5% sequence similarity with two sequences (
<accessionNumber id="82FAAB3EFFED056A0521FDAC9E8FFD55" box="[892,1021,620,647]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/KX530799" pageId="4" pageNumber="71">KX530799</accessionNumber>
,
<accessionNumber id="82FAAB3EFFED056A0254FDAC99F5FD55" box="[1033,1159,620,647]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/KX530800" pageId="4" pageNumber="71">KX530800</accessionNumber>
) referred to
<taxonomicName id="5AA94D5EFFED056A034EFDAE980DFD55" baseAuthorityName="A. R. S. Anderson" baseAuthorityYear="1896" box="[1299,1407,621,647]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pandalidae" genus="Plesionika" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alcocki">
<emphasis id="AFDDEACFFFED056A034EFDAE980DFD55" box="[1299,1407,621,647]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="71">P. alcocki</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the GenBank, and therefore, is most probably a misidentification of
<taxonomicName id="5AA94D5EFFED056A05C2FD52997EFD79" baseAuthorityName="A. R. S. Anderson" baseAuthorityYear="1896" box="[927,1036,657,683]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pandalidae" genus="Plesionika" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alcocki">
<emphasis id="AFDDEACFFFED056A05C2FD52997EFD79" box="[927,1036,657,683]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="71">P. alcocki</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The high genetic difference of the Andaman Sea specimen from the topotypic
<taxonomicName id="5AA94D5EFFED056A04D0FD769F87FD1D" baseAuthorityName="A. Milne-Edwards" baseAuthorityYear="1883" box="[653,757,694,719]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pandalidae" genus="Plesionika" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="martia">
<emphasis id="AFDDEACFFFED056A04D0FD769F87FD1D" box="[653,757,694,719]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="71">P. martia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
material also suggested that it represents a distinct species. However, taxonomy of the
<taxonomicName id="5AA94D5EFFED056A0792FD1A9F44FD21" baseAuthorityName="A. Milne-Edwards" baseAuthorityYear="1883" box="[463,566,730,755]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pandalidae" genus="Plesionika" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="martia">
<emphasis id="AFDDEACFFFED056A0792FD1A9F44FD21" box="[463,566,730,755]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="71">P. martia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group is quite complicate as
<taxonomicName id="5AA94D5EFFED056A05DBFD1A991DFD21" authority="Kotte, 1903" authorityName="Kotte" authorityYear="1903" box="[902,1135,729,755]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pandalidae" genus="Plesionika" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cottei">
<emphasis id="AFDDEACFFFED056A05DBFD1A9E93FD21" box="[902,993,730,755]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="71">P. cottei</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="F9384B2CFFED056A05B7FD19991DFD21" author="Kotte, E." box="[1002,1135,729,755]" pageId="4" pageNumber="71" pagination="619 - 658" refId="ref7015" refString="Kotte, E. (1903) Beitragesur Kenntniss der Hautsinnesorgane und des peripheren Nervensystems der Tiefsse-Decapoden. ZoologischeJahrbucher. AbtheilungfurAnatomie und Ontogenie de Thiere, 17, 619 - 658, pls. 23 - 27." type="journal article" year="1903">Kotte, 1903</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
described from the Indian Ocean is sometimes treated as a synonym of
<taxonomicName id="5AA94D5EFFED056A04C4FD3E9E73FCC5" baseAuthorityName="A. Milne-Edwards" baseAuthorityYear="1883" box="[665,769,766,791]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pandalidae" genus="Plesionika" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="martia">
<emphasis id="AFDDEACFFFED056A04C4FD3E9E73FCC5" box="[665,769,766,791]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="71">P. martia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or
<taxonomicName id="5AA94D5EFFED056A0574FD3E9EC3FCC5" authorityName="Chace" authorityYear="1985" box="[809,945,765,791]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pandalidae" genus="Plesionika" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orientalis">
<emphasis id="AFDDEACFFFED056A0574FD3E9EC3FCC5" box="[809,945,765,791]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="71">P. orientalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="F9384B2CFFED056A059CFD3D9914FCC5" author="Holthuis, L. B." box="[961,1126,765,791]" pageId="4" pageNumber="71" pagination="1 - 271" refId="ref6790" refString="Holthuis, L. B. (1980) FAO species catalogue. vol. 1. Shrimps and prawns of the world. An annotated catalogue of species of interest to fisheries. FAO Fisheries Synopsis, 125 (1), 1 - xvii + 1 - 271." type="book chapter" year="1980">Holthuis 1980</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="F9384B2CFFED056A022EFD3D9876FCC5" author="Chace, F. A. Jr." box="[1139,1284,764,791]" pageId="4" pageNumber="71" pagination="1 - 143" refId="ref5803" refString="Chace, F. A. Jr. (1985) The Caridean shrimps (Crustacea: Decapoda) of the Albatross Philippine Expedition, 1907 - 1910, Part 3: Families Thalassocarididae and Pandalidae. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 411, 1 - 143. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00810282.411" type="journal article" year="1985">Chace, 1985</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="F9384B2CFFED056A034CFD3D9C43FCE9" author="De Grave, S. &amp; Fransen, C. H. J. M." pageId="4" pageNumber="71" pagination="195 - 589" refId="ref6209" refString="De Grave, S. &amp; Fransen, C. H. J. M. (2011) Carideorum catalogus: The recent species of the Dendrobranchiate, Stenopodidean, Procarididean and Caridean shrimps (Crustacea: Decapoda). Zoologische Mededelingen, 85 (9), 195 - 589." type="journal article" year="2011">De Grave &amp; Fransen 2011</bibRefCitation>
). Moreover, the types of
<taxonomicName id="5AA94D5EFFED056A041FFCE29FA3FCE9" authorityName="Bate" authorityYear="1888" box="[578,721,801,827]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pandalidae" genus="Plesionika" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="semilaevis">
<emphasis id="AFDDEACFFFED056A041FFCE29FA3FCE9" box="[578,721,801,827]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="71">P. semilaevis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
contains the
<typeStatus id="4212887FFFED056A053CFCE19EB1FCE9" box="[865,963,801,827]" pageId="4" pageNumber="71" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="5AA94D5EFFED056A05BBFCE29919FCE9" authorityName="Chace" authorityYear="1985" box="[998,1131,801,827]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pandalidae" genus="Plesionika" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orientalis">
<emphasis id="AFDDEACFFFED056A05BBFCE29919FCE9" box="[998,1131,801,827]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="71">P. orientalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see
<bibRefCitation id="F9384B2CFFED056A02F9FCE1985AFCE9" author="Chace, F. A. Jr." box="[1188,1320,800,827]" pageId="4" pageNumber="71" pagination="1 - 143" refId="ref5803" refString="Chace, F. A. Jr. (1985) The Caridean shrimps (Crustacea: Decapoda) of the Albatross Philippine Expedition, 1907 - 1910, Part 3: Families Thalassocarididae and Pandalidae. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 411, 1 - 143. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00810282.411" type="journal article" year="1985">Chace 1985</bibRefCitation>
) and there are at least two species present in the topotypic
<taxonomicName id="5AA94D5EFFED056A04E5FC869E3BFC8D" authorityName="Bate" authorityYear="1888" box="[696,841,837,863]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pandalidae" genus="Plesionika" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="semilaevis">
<emphasis id="AFDDEACFFFED056A04E5FC869E3BFC8D" box="[696,841,837,863]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="71">P. semilaevis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<collectingCountry id="E5BE764DFFED056A050CFC859EBDFC8D" box="[849,975,837,863]" name="Philippines" pageId="4" pageNumber="71">Philippines</collectingCountry>
material as defined by
<bibRefCitation id="F9384B2CFFED056A0286FC859D90FC51" author="Chan, T. Y. &amp; Crosnier, A." pageId="4" pageNumber="71" pagination="187 - 234" refId="ref6029" refString="Chan, T. Y. &amp; Crosnier, A. (1997) Crustacea Decapoda: Deep sea shrimps of the genus Plesionika Bate, 1888 (Pandalidae) from French Polynesia, with descriptions of five new species. In: Crosnier, A. (Ed.), Resultats des Campagnes MUSORSTOM. Vol. 18. Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire naturelle, 176, pp. 187 - 234." type="journal article" year="1997">Chan &amp; Crosnier (1997)</bibRefCitation>
(see Remarks under
<taxonomicName id="5AA94D5EFFED056A0792FCAA9F12FC51" authorityName="Bate" authorityYear="1888" box="[463,608,873,899]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pandalidae" genus="Plesionika" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="semilaevis">
<emphasis id="AFDDEACFFFED056A0792FCAA9F12FC51" box="[463,608,873,899]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="71">P. semilaevis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). A full revision of the “
<emphasis id="AFDDEACFFFED056A0529FCAA9E98FC51" box="[884,1002,873,899]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="71">
<taxonomicName id="5AA94D5EFFED056A0529FCAA9E92FC51" baseAuthorityName="A. Milne-Edwards" baseAuthorityYear="1883" box="[884,992,873,899]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pandalidae" genus="Plesionika" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="martia">P. martia</taxonomicName>
”
</emphasis>
group including the re-examination of the types of
<emphasis id="AFDDEACFFFED056A0743FC4E9F7BFC75" box="[286,521,909,935]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="71">
<taxonomicName id="5AA94D5EFFED056A0743FC4E9C08FC75" authorityName="Kotte" authorityYear="1903" box="[286,378,910,935]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pandalidae" genus="Plesionika" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cottei">P. cottei</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="5AA94D5EFFED056A07D9FC4E9F7BFC75" authorityName="Chace" authorityYear="1985" box="[388,521,909,935]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pandalidae" genus="Plesionika" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orientalis">P. orientalis</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
and
<taxonomicName id="5AA94D5EFFED056A0463FC4E9FBCFC75" authorityName="Bate" authorityYear="1888" box="[574,718,909,935]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pandalidae" genus="Plesionika" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="semilaevis">
<emphasis id="AFDDEACFFFED056A0463FC4E9FBCFC75" box="[574,718,909,935]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="71">P. semilaevis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are necessary to determine the taxonomic status of the Andaman Sea material. For the time being, the present Andaman Sea specimen is assigned to
<taxonomicName id="5AA94D5EFFED056A0218FC7299DEFC19" baseAuthorityName="A. Milne-Edwards" baseAuthorityYear="1883" box="[1093,1196,946,971]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pandalidae" genus="Plesionika" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="martia">
<emphasis id="AFDDEACFFFED056A0218FC7299DEFC19" box="[1093,1196,946,971]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="71">P. martia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
following the definition of
<bibRefCitation id="F9384B2CFFED056A06B6FC159F71FC3D" author="Chan, T. Y. &amp; Crosnier, A." box="[235,515,981,1007]" pageId="4" pageNumber="71" pagination="187 - 234" refId="ref6029" refString="Chan, T. Y. &amp; Crosnier, A. (1997) Crustacea Decapoda: Deep sea shrimps of the genus Plesionika Bate, 1888 (Pandalidae) from French Polynesia, with descriptions of five new species. In: Crosnier, A. (Ed.), Resultats des Campagnes MUSORSTOM. Vol. 18. Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire naturelle, 176, pp. 187 - 234." type="journal article" year="1997">Chan &amp; Crosnier (1997)</bibRefCitation>
. Whether those
<taxonomicName id="5AA94D5EFFED056A04E6FC169E51FC3D" baseAuthorityName="A. Milne-Edwards" baseAuthorityYear="1883" box="[699,803,982,1007]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pandalidae" genus="Plesionika" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="martia">
<emphasis id="AFDDEACFFFED056A04E6FC169E51FC3D" box="[699,803,982,1007]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="71">P. martia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
material reported before from off the
<collectingCountry id="E5BE764DFFED056A028AFC159863FC3D" box="[1239,1297,981,1007]" name="India" pageId="4" pageNumber="71">India</collectingCountry>
mainland is assignable to this species remains to be confirmed.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

781
data/15/00/87/150087CBFFED056906CAFBA599AAFC75.xml Normal file
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<paragraph id="9D1636DDFFED056A06CAFBA59F51FBAD" blockId="4.[151,547,1125,1187]" box="[151,547,1125,1152]" pageId="4" pageNumber="71">
<heading id="C65E81B1FFED056A06CAFBA59F51FBAD" bold="true" box="[151,547,1125,1152]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="71" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="5AA94D5EFFED056A06CAFBA59F51FBAD" ID-CoL="9D49P" authority="Bate, 1888" authorityName="Bate" authorityYear="1888" box="[151,547,1125,1152]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pandalidae" genus="Plesionika" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="semilaevis">
<emphasis id="AFDDEACFFFED056A06CAFBA59F51FBAD" bold="true" box="[151,547,1125,1152]" pageId="4" pageNumber="71">
<emphasis id="AFDDEACFFFED056A06CAFBA59CE8FB52" bold="true" box="[151,410,1125,1152]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="71">Plesionika semilaevis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="F9384B2CFFED056A07FCFBA59F51FBAD" author="Bate, C. S." box="[417,547,1125,1151]" pageId="4" pageNumber="71" pagination="1 - 942" refId="ref5618" refString="Bate, C. S. (1888) Report of the Crustacea Macrura collected by the Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876. Report on the Sci- entific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876, 24, 1 - 942, pls. 1 - 157." type="journal article" year="1888">Bate, 1888</bibRefCitation>
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<paragraph id="9D1636DDFFED056A06CAFB499C15FB71" blockId="4.[151,547,1125,1187]" box="[151,359,1161,1187]" pageId="4" pageNumber="71">
(
<figureCitation id="05922A58FFED056A06C2FB499C31FB71" box="[159,323,1161,1187]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1826,1851]" captionTargetBox="[165,1424,310,1786]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,306,1798]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. A, C, Plesionika martia (A. Milne-Edwards, 1883), Great Nicobar Islands, ovigerous female cl 20.0 mm (DAB- FUK/AR-PLE-24). B, D, E, P. semilaevis Bate, 1888, Sakthikulangara fishing harbour, Kerala: B, ovigerous female cl 18.6 mm (DABFUK/AR-PLE-25); D, E, ovigerous female cl 18.1 mm (DABFUK/AR-PLE-28).A, B, carapace and cephalic appendages, lateral; C, D, abdominal somites III to VI and tail fan, lateral; E, left pereiopod III propodus and dactylus, lateral. Scales: A-D = 5 mm, E = 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3629037" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3629037/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="71">Figs. 1B, D, E</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="05922A58FFED056A0712FB499C2CFB71" box="[335,350,1161,1187]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1979,2004]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1101,1954]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,1101,1954]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Plesionika semilaevis Bate, 1888, Sakthikulangara fishing harbour, Kerala, ovigerous female cl 19.4 mm (DAB- FUK/AR-PLE-27)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3629039" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3629039/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="71">2</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D5B36556FFED056A06CAFB0D9CB9FA6E" pageId="4" pageNumber="71" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="9D1636DDFFED056A06CAFB0D9C71FA93" blockId="4.[151,1437,1229,1468]" pageId="4" pageNumber="71">
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<taxonomicName id="5AA94D5EFFED056A06CAFB0D9F69FB34" ID-CoL="9D49P" authority="Bate, 1888: 644" authorityName="Bate" authorityPageNumber="644" authorityYear="1888" box="[151,539,1229,1254]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pandalidae" genus="Plesionika" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="semilaevis">
<emphasis id="AFDDEACFFFED056A06CAFB0D9C00FB37" box="[151,370,1229,1253]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="71">Plesionika semilaevis</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="1C0810CCFFED056A0725FB0E9F69FB34" author="Bate, C. S." box="[376,539,1229,1254]" page="644" pageId="4" pageNumber="71" year="1888">
<bibRefCitation id="F9384B2CFFED056A0725FB0E9F69FB34" author="Bate, C. S." box="[376,539,1229,1254]" pageId="4" pageNumber="71" pagination="1 - 942" refId="ref5618" refString="Bate, C. S. (1888) Report of the Crustacea Macrura collected by the Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876. Report on the Sci- entific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876, 24, 1 - 942, pls. 1 - 157." type="journal article" year="1888">Bate, 1888: 644</bibRefCitation>
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, pl. 113-fig. 3 (
<typeStatus id="4212887FFFED056A04EBFB0D9F91FB37" box="[694,739,1229,1253]" pageId="4" pageNumber="71">type</typeStatus>
locality: Moro Gulf east of
<collectingRegion id="5F6DF83FFFED056A05A2FB0D9939FB34" box="[1023,1099,1229,1254]" country="Philippines" name="Basilan" pageId="4" pageNumber="71">Basilan</collectingRegion>
Strait,
<collectingCountry id="E5BE764DFFED056A02C8FB0D987EFB34" box="[1173,1292,1229,1254]" name="Philippines" pageId="4" pageNumber="71">Philippines</collectingCountry>
);
<treatmentCitation id="1C0810CCFFED056A0340FB0D9D9CFAD6" author="Chace, F. A. Jr." page="113" pageId="4" pageNumber="71" year="1985">
<bibRefCitation id="F9384B2CFFED056A0340FB0D9D9CFAD6" author="Chace, F. A. Jr." pageId="4" pageNumber="71" pagination="1 - 143" refId="ref5803" refString="Chace, F. A. Jr. (1985) The Caridean shrimps (Crustacea: Decapoda) of the Albatross Philippine Expedition, 1907 - 1910, Part 3: Families Thalassocarididae and Pandalidae. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 411, 1 - 143. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00810282.411" type="journal article" year="1985">Chace 1985: 113</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, figs 51-52;
<treatmentCitation id="1C0810CCFFED056A0736FB2C9FDAFAD6" author="Hanamura, Y. &amp; Takeda, M." box="[363,680,1259,1284]" page="116" pageId="4" pageNumber="71" year="1987">
<bibRefCitation id="F9384B2CFFED056A0736FB2C9FDAFAD6" author="Hanamura, Y. &amp; Takeda, M." box="[363,680,1259,1284]" pageId="4" pageNumber="71" pagination="103 - 121" refId="ref6571" refString="Hanamura, Y. &amp; Takeda, M. (1987) Family Pandalidae (Crustacea, Decapoda, Caridea) collected by the RV &quot; SOELA &quot; from the Northwest Australian Shelf. Bulletin of the National Science Museum, Tokyo, A, 13 (3), 103 - 121." type="journal article" year="1987">Hanamura &amp; Takeda 1987: 116</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, fig. 3c, d; Ohtomi &amp; Hayashi 1995: 1035, fig. 1; Hanamura &amp; Evan, 1996: 15;
<treatmentCitation id="1C0810CCFFED056A06B3FACA9F7FFAF1" author="Chan, T. Y. &amp; Crosnier, A." box="[238,525,1290,1315]" page="213" pageId="4" pageNumber="71" year="1997">
<bibRefCitation id="F9384B2CFFED056A06B3FACA9F7FFAF1" author="Chan, T. Y. &amp; Crosnier, A." box="[238,525,1290,1315]" pageId="4" pageNumber="71" pagination="187 - 234" refId="ref6029" refString="Chan, T. Y. &amp; Crosnier, A. (1997) Crustacea Decapoda: Deep sea shrimps of the genus Plesionika Bate, 1888 (Pandalidae) from French Polynesia, with descriptions of five new species. In: Crosnier, A. (Ed.), Resultats des Campagnes MUSORSTOM. Vol. 18. Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire naturelle, 176, pp. 187 - 234." type="journal article" year="1997">Chan &amp; Crosnier 1997: 213</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="1C0810CCFFED056A0445FACB9E29FAF1" author="De Grave, S. &amp; Fransen, C. H. J. M." box="[536,859,1290,1315]" page="450" pageId="4" pageNumber="71" year="2011">
<bibRefCitation id="F9384B2CFFED056A0445FACB9E29FAF1" author="De Grave, S. &amp; Fransen, C. H. J. M." box="[536,859,1290,1315]" pageId="4" pageNumber="71" pagination="195 - 589" refId="ref6209" refString="De Grave, S. &amp; Fransen, C. H. J. M. (2011) Carideorum catalogus: The recent species of the Dendrobranchiate, Stenopodidean, Procarididean and Caridean shrimps (Crustacea: Decapoda). Zoologische Mededelingen, 85 (9), 195 - 589." type="journal article" year="2011">De Grave &amp; Fransen 2011: 450</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="1C0810CCFFED056A053BFACA9931FAF1" author="Li, X. &amp; Chan, T. Y." box="[870,1091,1290,1315]" page="147" pageId="4" pageNumber="71" year="2013">
<bibRefCitation id="F9384B2CFFED056A053BFACA9931FAF1" author="Li, X. &amp; Chan, T. Y." box="[870,1091,1290,1315]" pageId="4" pageNumber="71" pagination="129 - 154" refId="ref7192" refString="Li, X. &amp; Chan, T. Y. (2013) Pandalid shrimps (Crustacea, Decapoda, Caridea) collected from the Philippines PANGLAO 2005 deep-sea expedition. In: Ahyong, S. T., Chan, T. Y., Corbari, L. &amp; Ng, P. K. L. (Eds.), Tropical Deep-sea Benthos. Vol. 27. Memories du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, 204, pp. 129 - 154." type="journal article" year="2013">Li &amp; Chan 2013: 147</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, fig. 4A;
<treatmentCitation id="1C0810CCFFED056A02F9FACA98EAFAF1" author="Kuberan, G. &amp; Chakraborty, R. D. &amp; Purushothaman, P. &amp; Maheswarudu, G." box="[1188,1432,1290,1315]" page="21" pageId="4" pageNumber="71" year="2017">
<bibRefCitation id="F9384B2CFFED056A02F9FACA98EAFAF1" author="Kuberan, G. &amp; Chakraborty, R. D. &amp; Purushothaman, P. &amp; Maheswarudu, G." box="[1188,1432,1290,1315]" pageId="4" pageNumber="71" pagination="21" refId="ref7053" refString="Kuberan, G., Chakraborty, R. D., Purushothaman, P. &amp; Maheswarudu, G. (2017) Distribution of Plesionika semilaevis along the southwest coast of India. Marine Fisheries Information Service, Technical and Extension Series, 231, 21." type="journal article" year="2017">
Kuberan
<emphasis id="AFDDEACFFFED056A035FFACB9844FAF1" box="[1282,1334,1291,1315]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="71">et al.</emphasis>
2017: 21
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, fig. 1.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D1636DDFFED056A06CAFA88996FFAB2" blockId="4.[151,1437,1229,1468]" box="[151,1053,1351,1376]" pageId="4" pageNumber="71">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="BDB911F3FFED056A06CAFA88996FFAB2" box="[151,1053,1351,1376]" pageId="4" pageNumber="71">
<taxonomicName id="5AA94D5EFFED056A06CAFA889C0BFAB2" authority="" box="[151,377,1352,1376]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pandalidae" genus="Pandalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Plesionika">
<emphasis id="AFDDEACFFFED056A06CAFA889D85FAB2" box="[151,247,1352,1376]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="71">Pandalus</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="AFDDEACFFFED056A075BFA889C03FAB2" box="[262,369,1352,1376]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="71">Plesionika</emphasis>
)
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="AFDDEACFFFED056A0722FA899C91FAB2" box="[383,483,1353,1376]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="71">martius—</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="1C0810CCFFED056A07BEFA879FFEFAB2" author="Alcock, A." box="[483,652,1351,1376]" page="95" pageId="4" pageNumber="71" year="1901">
<bibRefCitation id="F9384B2CFFED056A07BEFA879FFEFAB2" author="Alcock, A." box="[483,652,1351,1376]" pageId="4" pageNumber="71" pagination="1 - 3" refId="ref5473" refString="Alcock, A. (1901) A descriptive catalogue of the Indian deep-sea Crustacea Decapoda Macrura and Anomala, in the Indian museum. Being a revised account of the deep-sea species collected by the Royal Indian marine survey ship &quot; Investigator &quot;. Indian Museum, Calcutta, 286 pp., pls. 1 - 3. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 30840" type="book chapter" year="1901">Alcock 1901: 95</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(in part).[not A.
<bibRefCitation id="F9384B2CFFED056A0565FA879965FAB2" author="Milne-Edwards, A." box="[824,1047,1351,1376]" pageId="4" pageNumber="71" refId="ref7452" refString="Milne-Edwards, A. (1883) Recueil de figures de crustaces nouveaux oupeuconnus. Paris, 3 pp., 44 pls." type="book" year="1883">Milne-Edwards, 1883</bibRefCitation>
]
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D1636DDFFED056A06CAFAA79CB9FA6E" blockId="4.[151,1437,1229,1468]" pageId="4" pageNumber="71">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="BDB911F3FFED056A06CAFAA79CB9FA6E" pageId="4" pageNumber="71">
<taxonomicName id="5AA94D5EFFED056A06CAFAA79F1EFAAD" ID-CoL="9D48L" authority="- George &amp; Rao 1967: 330" authorityName="- George &amp; Rao" authorityPageNumber="330" authorityYear="1967" box="[151,620,1382,1407]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pandalidae" genus="Plesionika" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="martia">
<emphasis id="AFDDEACFFFED056A06CAFAA79C3CFAAC" box="[151,334,1383,1407]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="71">Plesionika martia</emphasis>
—George &amp; Rao 1967: 330
</taxonomicName>
(? in part);
<treatmentCitation id="1C0810CCFFED056A04B4FAA69EC6FAAD" author="Suseelan, C." box="[745,948,1382,1407]" page="500" pageId="4" pageNumber="71" year="1974">
<bibRefCitation id="F9384B2CFFED056A04B4FAA69EC6FAAD" author="Suseelan, C." box="[745,948,1382,1407]" pageId="4" pageNumber="71" pagination="491 - 511" refId="ref8087" refString="Suseelan, C. (1974) Observations on the deep-sea prawn fishery off the South-West coast of India with special references to pandalids. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of India, 16 (2), 491 - 511." type="journal article" year="1974">Suseelan 1974: 500</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, fig. 2 (? in part);
<treatmentCitation id="1C0810CCFFED056A0229FAA69848FAAD" author="Holthuis, L. B." box="[1140,1338,1382,1407]" page="146" pageId="4" pageNumber="71" year="1980">
<bibRefCitation id="F9384B2CFFED056A0229FAA69848FAAD" author="Holthuis, L. B." box="[1140,1338,1382,1407]" pageId="4" pageNumber="71" pagination="1 - 271" refId="ref6790" refString="Holthuis, L. B. (1980) FAO species catalogue. vol. 1. Shrimps and prawns of the world. An annotated catalogue of species of interest to fisheries. FAO Fisheries Synopsis, 125 (1), 1 - xvii + 1 - 271." type="book chapter" year="1980">Holthuis 1980: 146</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(in part);
<treatmentCitation id="1C0810CCFFED056A069AFA459C83FA4F" author="Rajool Shanis, C. P. &amp; Akhilesh, K. V. &amp; Manjebrayakath, H. &amp; Ganga, U. &amp; Pillai, N. G. K." box="[199,497,1413,1438]" page="40" pageId="4" pageNumber="71" year="2012">
<bibRefCitation id="F9384B2CFFED056A069AFA459C83FA4F" author="Rajool Shanis, C. P. &amp; Akhilesh, K. V. &amp; Manjebrayakath, H. &amp; Ganga, U. &amp; Pillai, N. G. K." box="[199,497,1413,1438]" pageId="4" pageNumber="71" pagination="45 - 49" refId="ref7781" refString="Rajool Shanis, C. P., Akhilesh, K. V., Manjebrayakath, H., Ganga, U. &amp; Pillai, N. G. K. (2012) Shrimps of the family Pandalidae (Caridea) from Indian waters, with new distributional record of Plesionika adensameri (Balss, 1914). Journal of the Marine Biological Association of India, 54 (1), 45 - 49." type="journal article" year="2012">
Rajool Shanis
<emphasis id="AFDDEACFFFED056A0700FA469CE3FA4F" box="[349,401,1413,1437]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="71">et al.</emphasis>
2012: 40
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(in part);
<treatmentCitation id="1C0810CCFFED056A0407FA459EFCFA4C" author="Radhakrishnan, E. V. &amp; Deshmukh, V. D. &amp; Maheswarudu, G. &amp; Josileen, J. &amp; Dineshababu, A. P. &amp; Philipose, K. K. &amp; Sarada, P. T. &amp; Pillai, S. L. &amp; Saleela, K. N. &amp; Chakraborty, R. &amp; Dash, G. &amp; Sajeev, C. K. &amp; Thirumilu, P. &amp; Sridhara, B. &amp; Muniuyappa, Y. &amp; Sawant, A. D. &amp; Vaidya, N. G. &amp; Johny, R. D. &amp; Verma, J. B. &amp; Baby, P. K. &amp; Unnikrishnan, C. &amp; Ramachandran, N. P. &amp; Vairamani, A. &amp; Palanichamy, A. &amp; Radhakrishnan, M. &amp; Raju, B." box="[602,910,1413,1438]" page="68" pageId="4" pageNumber="71" year="2012">
<bibRefCitation id="F9384B2CFFED056A0407FA459EFCFA4C" author="Radhakrishnan, E. V. &amp; Deshmukh, V. D. &amp; Maheswarudu, G. &amp; Josileen, J. &amp; Dineshababu, A. P. &amp; Philipose, K. K. &amp; Sarada, P. T. &amp; Pillai, S. L. &amp; Saleela, K. N. &amp; Chakraborty, R. &amp; Dash, G. &amp; Sajeev, C. K. &amp; Thirumilu, P. &amp; Sridhara, B. &amp; Muniuyappa, Y. &amp; Sawant, A. D. &amp; Vaidya, N. G. &amp; Johny, R. D. &amp; Verma, J. B. &amp; Baby, P. K. &amp; Unnikrishnan, C. &amp; Ramachandran, N. P. &amp; Vairamani, A. &amp; Palanichamy, A. &amp; Radhakrishnan, M. &amp; Raju, B." box="[602,910,1413,1438]" pageId="4" pageNumber="71" pagination="50 - 72" refId="ref7537" refString="Radhakrishnan, E. V., Deshmukh, V. D., Maheswarudu, G., Josileen, J., Dineshababu, A. P., Philipose, K. K., Sarada, P. T., Pillai, S. L., Saleela, K. N., Chakraborty, R., Dash, G., Sajeev, C. K., Thirumilu, P., Sridhara, B., Muniuyappa, Y., Sawant, A. D., Vaidya, N. G., Johny, R. D., Verma, J. B., Baby, P. K., Unnikrishnan, C., Ramachandran, N. P., Vairamani, A., Palanichamy, A., Radhakrishnan, M. &amp; Raju, B. (2012) Prawn fauna (Crustacea: Decapoda) of India-An annotated checklist of the penaeoid, segestoid, stenopodid and caridean prawns. Journal of Marine Biological Association of India, 54 (1), 50 - 72." type="journal article" year="2012">
Radhakrishnan
<emphasis id="AFDDEACFFFED056A04A7FA469E5CFA4F" box="[762,814,1413,1437]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="71">et al.</emphasis>
2012: 68
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(? in part);
<treatmentCitation id="1C0810CCFFED056A0257FA45987EFA4C" author="Samuel, V. K. D. &amp; Sreeraj, C. R. &amp; Krishnan, P. &amp; Parthiban, C. &amp; Sekar, V. &amp; Chamundeeswari, K. &amp; Immanuel, T. &amp; Shesdev, P. &amp; Purvaja, R. &amp; Ramesh, R." box="[1034,1292,1413,1438]" page="8985" pageId="4" pageNumber="71" year="2016">
<bibRefCitation id="F9384B2CFFED056A0257FA45987EFA4C" author="Samuel, V. K. D. &amp; Sreeraj, C. R. &amp; Krishnan, P. &amp; Parthiban, C. &amp; Sekar, V. &amp; Chamundeeswari, K. &amp; Immanuel, T. &amp; Shesdev, P. &amp; Purvaja, R. &amp; Ramesh, R." box="[1034,1292,1413,1438]" pageId="4" pageNumber="71" pagination="8977 - 8988" refId="ref7991" refString="Samuel, V. K. D., Sreeraj, C. R., Krishnan, P., Parthiban, C., Sekar, V., Chamundeeswari, K., Immanuel, T., Shesdev, P., Purvaja, R. &amp; Ramesh, R. (2016) An updated checklist of shrimps on the Indian coast. Journal of Threatened Taxa, 8 (7), 8977 - 8988. https: // doi. org / 10.11609 / jott. 2628.8.7.8977 - 8988" type="journal article" year="2016">
Samuel
<emphasis id="AFDDEACFFFED056A0200FA4699E3FA4F" box="[1117,1169,1413,1437]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="71">et al.</emphasis>
2016: 8985
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(in part). [not A.
<bibRefCitation id="F9384B2CFFED056A06BBFA639CB7FA6E" author="Milne-Edwards, A." box="[230,453,1443,1468]" pageId="4" pageNumber="71" refId="ref7452" refString="Milne-Edwards, A. (1883) Recueil de figures de crustaces nouveaux oupeuconnus. Paris, 3 pp., 44 pls." type="book" year="1883">Milne-Edwards, 1883</bibRefCitation>
]
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D5B36556FFED056A06CAFA299E1FF9A2" pageId="4" pageNumber="71" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="9D1636DDFFED056A06CAFA299E1FF9A2" blockId="4.[151,1437,1513,2045]" pageId="4" pageNumber="71">
<emphasis id="AFDDEACFFFED056A06CAFA299CF3F9D6" bold="true" box="[151,385,1513,1540]" pageId="4" pageNumber="71">Material examined.</emphasis>
Sakthikulangara fishing harbour, Kollam district,
<collectingRegion id="5F6DF83FFFED056A05E9FA2A9973F9D6" box="[948,1025,1514,1540]" country="India" name="Kerala" pageId="4" pageNumber="71">Kerala</collectingRegion>
,
<date id="E917101DFFED056A0250FA2A99C9F9D6" box="[1037,1211,1514,1540]" pageId="4" pageNumber="71" value="2017-03-20">20 March 2017</date>
, 1 ovigerous female cl
<quantity id="5A519B38FFED056A06E9F9CE9C68F9FB" box="[180,282,1550,1577]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.86" pageId="4" pageNumber="71" unit="mm" value="18.6">18.6 mm</quantity>
(
<collectionCode id="FBB8AE18FFED056A0776F9CD9CD0F9FA" box="[299,418,1549,1576]" pageId="4" pageNumber="71">DABFUK</collectionCode>
/AR-PLE-25);
<date id="E917101DFFED056A0414F9CE9F9FF9FA" box="[585,749,1550,1576]" pageId="4" pageNumber="71" value="2019-03-04">4 March 2019</date>
, 1 ovigerous female cl
<quantity id="5A519B38FFED056A05A6F9CE9913F9FB" box="[1019,1121,1550,1577]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.07" pageId="4" pageNumber="71" unit="mm" value="20.7">20.7 mm</quantity>
(
<collectionCode id="FBB8AE18FFED056A022CF9CE9995F9FB" box="[1137,1255,1550,1577]" pageId="4" pageNumber="71">DABFUK</collectionCode>
/AR-PLE-26), 1 ovigerous female cl
<quantity id="5A519B38FFED056A0726F9F29CADF99F" box="[379,479,1586,1613]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.94" pageId="4" pageNumber="71" unit="mm" value="19.4">19.4 mm</quantity>
(
<collectionCode id="FBB8AE18FFED056A07B0F9F29F11F99E" box="[493,611,1586,1612]" pageId="4" pageNumber="71">DABFUK</collectionCode>
/AR-PLE-27), 1 ovigerous female cl
<quantity id="5A519B38FFED056A025CF9F29917F99F" box="[1025,1125,1586,1613]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.81" pageId="4" pageNumber="71" unit="mm" value="18.1">18.1 mm</quantity>
(
<collectionCode id="FBB8AE18FFED056A022EF9F2999BF99E" box="[1139,1257,1586,1612]" pageId="4" pageNumber="71">DABFUK</collectionCode>
/AR-PLE-28), 4 ovigerous females cl
<quantity id="5A519B38FFED056A07DBF9969F56F9A3" box="[390,548,1622,1649]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.925" metricValueMax="2.08" metricValueMin="1.77" pageId="4" pageNumber="71" unit="mm" value="19.25" valueMax="20.8" valueMin="17.7">17.7-20.8 mm</quantity>
(
<collectionCode id="FBB8AE18FFED056A046FF9969FD8F9A2" box="[562,682,1622,1648]" pageId="4" pageNumber="71">DABFUK</collectionCode>
/AR-PLE-29-32).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D5B36556FFED056B069AF9B99F4BFDED" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="72" pageId="4" pageNumber="71" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="9D1636DDFFED056B069AF9B99F39FE62" blockId="4.[151,1437,1513,2045]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1439,153,1079]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="72" pageId="4" pageNumber="71">
<emphasis id="AFDDEACFFFED056A069AF9B99C30F946" bold="true" box="[199,322,1657,1684]" pageId="4" pageNumber="71">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Rostrum long and far overreaching scaphocerite, 1.8–2.1 times longer than carapace, curved downwards at basal part but curved upwards and straight distal to antennular peduncle; dorsal margin only with basal part bearing 6-8 teeth and all situated behind distal end of antennular peduncle, none with barbed tip, posterior 2 or 3 teeth situated behind orbital margin while posterior 1 or 2 teeth with incomplete basal suture; ventral margin bearing 41–50 closely spaced teeth. Carapace postrostral ridge extending to about middle of carapace, distinctly elevated and laminate along entire length. Lateral carapace without carina or groove, only with hepatic region more or not depressed as a small pit; antennal and pterygostomian spines moderately large, former spine longer than latter; orbital margin with upper part slightly convex and strongly inclined backwards, lower part convex. Eye kidney shaped and with distinct ocellus. Stylocerite obtuse but distally pointed, laterally strongly folded upwards, extending to second segment of antennular peduncle. Scaphocerite slender, 0.8–0.9 times carapace length and 4.2–5.0 times as long as maximum width; distolateral tooth more or less reaching distal margin of lamina; basicerite spine long and slightly overreaching proximal end of lateral margin of scaphocerite. Maxilliped III and anterior 4 pereiopods bearing well developed, strap-like epiopods. Maxilliped III with penultimate segment1.2–1.4 times longer than terminal segment. Pereiopod II subequal, carpus divided into 19–29 articles. Pereiopod III overreaching scaphocerite by length of 0.2–0.8 carpus, propodus and dactylus; dactylus 0.3 times as long as propodus, somewhat paddle-shaped, terminal spine minute, accessory spine on flexor margin absent. Abdomen with posterior margin of tergite III rounded, pleuron IV posteroventrally rounded and pleuron V posteroventrally pointed, somite VI 2.2–2.5 times as long as maximum height; telson more or less as long as somite VI, usually with 3 pairs of dorsolateral spines (excluding pair adjacent to posterior margin of telson).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D1636DDFFEC056B069AFE789F4BFDED" blockId="5.[151,1439,153,1079]" pageId="5" pageNumber="72">
<emphasis id="AFDDEACFFFEC056B069AFE789C3DFE01" bold="true" box="[199,335,440,467]" pageId="5" pageNumber="72">Coloration.</emphasis>
Body semitransparent and molted with pinkish red color (
<figureCitation id="05922A58FFEC056B05BCFE799955FE01" box="[993,1063,441,467]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1979,2004]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1101,1954]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,1101,1954]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Plesionika semilaevis Bate, 1888, Sakthikulangara fishing harbour, Kerala, ovigerous female cl 19.4 mm (DAB- FUK/AR-PLE-27)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3629039" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3629039/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="72">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
). Anterior carapace, basal part of rostrum and scaphocerite somewhat whitish. Eyes black brown. Basal segments of pereiopods somewhat pale pink. Chela of pereiopod II somewhat pale yellowish. Exopod of uropod with distal white spot. Eggs bright blue but becoming dark red when near hatching.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D5B36556FFEC056B069AFD889929FD55" pageId="5" pageNumber="72" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="9D1636DDFFEC056B069AFD889929FD55" blockId="5.[151,1439,153,1079]" pageId="5" pageNumber="72">
<emphasis id="AFDDEACFFFEC056B069AFD889C13FDB1" bold="true" box="[199,353,584,611]" pageId="5" pageNumber="72">Distribution.</emphasis>
Indo-West Pacific; reported from
<collectingCountry id="E5BE764DFFEC056B04B6FD899E55FDB1" box="[747,807,585,611]" name="India" pageId="5" pageNumber="72">India</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="E5BE764DFFEC056B0568FD899ED7FDB1" box="[821,933,585,611]" name="Indonesia" pageId="5" pageNumber="72">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
, the
<collectingCountry id="E5BE764DFFEC056B0580FD89992CFDB1" box="[989,1118,585,611]" name="Philippines" pageId="5" pageNumber="72">Philippines</collectingCountry>
, South and East
<collectingCountry id="E5BE764DFFEC056B037CFD899816FDB1" box="[1313,1380,585,611]" name="China" pageId="5" pageNumber="72">China</collectingCountry>
Sea,
<collectingCountry id="E5BE764DFFEC056B06CAFDAD9DA8FD55" box="[151,218,621,647]" name="Japan" pageId="5" pageNumber="72">Japan</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="E5BE764DFFEC056B06BEFDAD9C38FD55" box="[227,330,621,647]" name="Australia" pageId="5" pageNumber="72">Australia</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="E5BE764DFFEC056B07DDFDAD9F37FD55" box="[384,581,621,647]" name="French Polynesia" pageId="5" pageNumber="72">French Polynesia</collectingCountry>
, at depths of
<quantity id="5A519B38FFEC056B0487FDAD9E2BFD55" box="[730,857,621,647]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.26" metricValueMax="8.879999999999999" metricValueMin="1.64" pageId="5" pageNumber="72" unit="m" value="526.0" valueMax="888.0" valueMin="164.0">164–888 m</quantity>
(see
<bibRefCitation id="F9384B2CFFEC056B05C9FDAD993DFD55" author="Li, X. &amp; Chan, T. Y." box="[916,1103,621,647]" pageId="5" pageNumber="72" pagination="129 - 154" refId="ref7192" refString="Li, X. &amp; Chan, T. Y. (2013) Pandalid shrimps (Crustacea, Decapoda, Caridea) collected from the Philippines PANGLAO 2005 deep-sea expedition. In: Ahyong, S. T., Chan, T. Y., Corbari, L. &amp; Ng, P. K. L. (Eds.), Tropical Deep-sea Benthos. Vol. 27. Memories du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, 204, pp. 129 - 154." type="journal article" year="2013">Li &amp; Chan 2013</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D5B36556FFEC0569069AFD5199AAFC75" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="74" pageId="5" pageNumber="72" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="9D1636DDFFEC056B069AFD5198EFFBE5" blockId="5.[151,1439,153,1079]" pageId="5" pageNumber="72">
<emphasis id="AFDDEACFFFEC056B069AFD519C49FD79" bold="true" box="[199,315,657,683]" pageId="5" pageNumber="72">Remarks.</emphasis>
The southwestern Indian material has the upper part of the orbital margin strongly inclined backwards, and therefore fits well with the definition of
<taxonomicName id="5AA94D5EFFEC056B0493FD769E2FFD1D" authorityName="Bate" authorityYear="1888" box="[718,861,693,719]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pandalidae" genus="Plesionika" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="semilaevis">
<emphasis id="AFDDEACFFFEC056B0493FD769E2FFD1D" box="[718,861,693,719]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="72">P. semilaevis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
instead of
<taxonomicName id="5AA94D5EFFEC056B0589FD769948FD1D" authorityName="- George &amp; Rao" authorityYear="1967" box="[980,1082,694,719]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pandalidae" genus="Plesionika" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="martia">
<emphasis id="AFDDEACFFFEC056B0589FD769948FD1D" box="[980,1082,694,719]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="72">P. martia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
according to both
<bibRefCitation id="F9384B2CFFEC056B035BFD7598EEFD1D" author="Chace, F. A. Jr." box="[1286,1436,692,719]" pageId="5" pageNumber="72" pagination="1 - 143" refId="ref5803" refString="Chace, F. A. Jr. (1985) The Caridean shrimps (Crustacea: Decapoda) of the Albatross Philippine Expedition, 1907 - 1910, Part 3: Families Thalassocarididae and Pandalidae. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 411, 1 - 143. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00810282.411" type="journal article" year="1985">Chace (1985)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="F9384B2CFFEC056B069AFD199CA9FD21" author="Chan, T. Y. &amp; Crosnier, A." box="[199,475,729,755]" pageId="5" pageNumber="72" pagination="187 - 234" refId="ref6029" refString="Chan, T. Y. &amp; Crosnier, A. (1997) Crustacea Decapoda: Deep sea shrimps of the genus Plesionika Bate, 1888 (Pandalidae) from French Polynesia, with descriptions of five new species. In: Crosnier, A. (Ed.), Resultats des Campagnes MUSORSTOM. Vol. 18. Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire naturelle, 176, pp. 187 - 234." type="journal article" year="1997">Chan &amp; Crosnier (1997)</bibRefCitation>
. Thus, the present work supports
<bibRefCitation id="F9384B2CFFEC056B0509FD199934FD21" author="Kuberan, G. &amp; Chakraborty, R. D. &amp; Purushothaman, P. &amp; Maheswarudu, G." box="[852,1094,729,755]" pageId="5" pageNumber="72" pagination="21" refId="ref7053" refString="Kuberan, G., Chakraborty, R. D., Purushothaman, P. &amp; Maheswarudu, G. (2017) Distribution of Plesionika semilaevis along the southwest coast of India. Marine Fisheries Information Service, Technical and Extension Series, 231, 21." type="journal article" year="2017">
Kuberan
<emphasis id="AFDDEACFFFEC056B05E1FD1A9E86FD21" box="[956,1012,729,755]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="72">et al.</emphasis>
(2017)
</bibRefCitation>
in considering those
<taxonomicName id="5AA94D5EFFEC056B036BFD1A98EFFD21" authorityName="- George &amp; Rao" authorityYear="1967" box="[1334,1437,730,755]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pandalidae" genus="Plesionika" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="martia">
<emphasis id="AFDDEACFFFEC056B036BFD1A98EFFD21" box="[1334,1437,730,755]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="72">P. martia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
records from southwestern
<collectingCountry id="E5BE764DFFEC056B079BFD3D9F72FCC5" box="[454,512,765,791]" name="India" pageId="5" pageNumber="72">India</collectingCountry>
are misidentification of
<taxonomicName id="5AA94D5EFFEC056B0552FD3E9EEDFCC5" authorityName="Bate" authorityYear="1888" box="[783,927,765,791]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pandalidae" genus="Plesionika" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="semilaevis">
<emphasis id="AFDDEACFFFEC056B0552FD3E9EEDFCC5" box="[783,927,765,791]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="72">P. semilaevis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Nevertheless, there are several discrepancies in the description provided by
<bibRefCitation id="F9384B2CFFEC056B07AEFCE19F9AFCE9" author="Kuberan, G. &amp; Chakraborty, R. D. &amp; Purushothaman, P. &amp; Maheswarudu, G." box="[499,744,801,827]" pageId="5" pageNumber="72" pagination="21" refId="ref7053" refString="Kuberan, G., Chakraborty, R. D., Purushothaman, P. &amp; Maheswarudu, G. (2017) Distribution of Plesionika semilaevis along the southwest coast of India. Marine Fisheries Information Service, Technical and Extension Series, 231, 21." type="journal article" year="2017">
Kuberan
<emphasis id="AFDDEACFFFEC056B0401FCE29FE7FCE9" box="[604,661,801,827]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="72">et al.</emphasis>
(2017)
</bibRefCitation>
with the present material. The rostrum is slightly longer (2.2 times carapace length versus maximum 2.1 times) and may have less ventral teeth (35 versus minimum 41), and the pereiopod III only overreaching the scaphocerite by dactylus (versus by the combined length of 0.2–0.8 carpus, propodus and dactylus) in
<bibRefCitation id="F9384B2CFFEC056B079EFC4D9FCBFC75" author="Kuberan, G. &amp; Chakraborty, R. D. &amp; Purushothaman, P. &amp; Maheswarudu, G." box="[451,697,909,935]" pageId="5" pageNumber="72" pagination="21" refId="ref7053" refString="Kuberan, G., Chakraborty, R. D., Purushothaman, P. &amp; Maheswarudu, G. (2017) Distribution of Plesionika semilaevis along the southwest coast of India. Marine Fisheries Information Service, Technical and Extension Series, 231, 21." type="journal article" year="2017">
Kuberan
<emphasis id="AFDDEACFFFEC056B0476FC4E9F16FC75" box="[555,612,909,935]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="72">et al.</emphasis>
(2017)
</bibRefCitation>
. The differences in the rostrum likely represent normal variations but the much shorter pereiopod III is likely abnormal or incorrect. Of the present eight specimens examined, two specimens have a complete pereiopod III while only one specimen has a complete pereiopod IV. The only complete pereiopod IV in the present material overreaches the scaphocerite by about half carpus plus propodus and dactylus and has the dactylus 0.1 times as long as the propodus. None of the present material has an intact pereiopod V.
</paragraph>
<caption id="C9D66655FFEC056B06CAF87B9C29F82A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3629039" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3629039" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3629039/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="72" startId="5.[151,250,1979,2004]" targetBox="[151,1436,1101,1954]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="9D1636DDFFEC056B06CAF87B9C29F82A" blockId="5.[151,1436,1979,2040]" pageId="5" pageNumber="72">
<emphasis id="AFDDEACFFFEC056B06CAF87B9C66F806" bold="true" box="[151,276,1979,2004]" pageId="5" pageNumber="72">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="5AA94D5EFFEC056B0741F87C9F02F806" authority="Bate, 1888" authorityName="Bate" authorityYear="1888" box="[284,624,1980,2004]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pandalidae" genus="Plesionika" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="semilaevis">
<emphasis id="AFDDEACFFFEC056B0741F87C9C8AF806" box="[284,504,1980,2004]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="72">Plesionika semilaevis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="F9384B2CFFEC056B07A2F87C9F02F806" author="Bate, C. S." box="[511,624,1980,2004]" pageId="5" pageNumber="72" pagination="1 - 942" refId="ref5618" refString="Bate, C. S. (1888) Report of the Crustacea Macrura collected by the Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876. Report on the Sci- entific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876, 24, 1 - 942, pls. 1 - 157." type="journal article" year="1888">Bate, 1888</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, Sakthikulangara fishing harbour, Kerala, ovigerous female cl 19.4 mm (DAB- FUK/AR-PLE-27).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="C9D66655FFEF056806CDFE239947FDF3" ID-Table-UUID="C9D66655FFEF056806CDFE239947FDF3" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/C9D66655FFEF056806CDFE239947FDF3" pageId="6" pageNumber="73" targetBox="[159,1943,557,1073]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="9D1636DDFFEF056806CDFE239947FDF3" blockId="6.[144,2032,483,545]" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">
<emphasis id="AFDDEACFFFEF056806CDFE239C71FE2F" bold="true" box="[144,259,483,509]" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">TABLE 2.</emphasis>
Uncorrected pairwise genetic distance (
<emphasis id="AFDDEACFFFEF056804F4FE239FC4FE2F" box="[681,694,483,509]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">p</emphasis>
-distance) based on the mitochondrial COI gene (586-657 bp) amongst the Indian and topotypic specimens of the “
<taxonomicName id="5AA94D5EFFEF05680122FE239DA5FDF3" authorityName="- George &amp; Rao" authorityYear="1967" class="Malacostraca" family="Pandalidae" genus="Plesionika" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="martia">
<emphasis id="AFDDEACFFFEF05680122FE239DA5FDF3" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">Plesionika martia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” species group. Numbers in parentheses refer to number of individual sequence.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="9D1636DDFFEF05680515FDED9A14FBE3" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">
<table id="EFA9C47DFFEFFA9106C2FDED9AE5FBE3" box="[159,1943,557,1073]" gridcols="6" gridrows="14" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">
<tr id="2399349FFFEFFA9106C2FDED9AE5FD94" box="[159,1943,557,582]" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="73" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
<th id="60485DE3FFEFFA910515FDED9E83FD94" box="[840,1009,557,582]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">
<taxonomicName id="5AA94D5EFFEF05680515FDED9ED7FD94" authorityName="- George &amp; Rao" authorityYear="1967" box="[840,933,557,582]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pandalidae" genus="Plesionika" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="martia">
<emphasis id="AFDDEACFFFEF05680515FDED9ED7FD94" box="[840,933,557,582]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">P. martia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="60485DE3FFEFFA91015CFDED9AE5FD94" box="[1793,1943,557,582]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">
<taxonomicName id="5AA94D5EFFEF0568015CFDED9A09FD94" authorityName="Chace" authorityYear="1985" box="[1793,1915,557,582]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pandalidae" genus="Plesionika" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orientalis">
<emphasis id="AFDDEACFFFEF0568015CFDED9A09FD94" box="[1793,1915,557,582]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">P. orientalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="2399349FFFEFFA9106C2FD939AE5FDBE" box="[159,1943,595,620]" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="73" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1">
<td id="60485DE3FFEFFA910515FD939E83FDBE" box="[840,1009,595,620]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">NE Atlantic (10)</td>
<td id="60485DE3FFEFFA91023DFD939820FDBE" box="[1120,1362,595,620]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">
Nicobar Is.
<accessionNumber id="82FAAB3EFFEF05680280FD939820FDBE" box="[1245,1362,595,620]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/MN709597" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">MN709597</accessionNumber>
</td>
<td id="60485DE3FFEFFA910382FD939BF8FDBE" box="[1503,1674,595,620]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">
India
<accessionNumber id="82FAAB3EFFEF05680047FD939BF8FDBE" box="[1562,1674,595,620]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/KU708836" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">KU708836</accessionNumber>
</td>
<td id="60485DE3FFEFFA91015CFD939AE5FDBE" box="[1793,1943,595,620]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">Philippines (2)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="2399349FFFEFFA9106C2FDB89AE5FD43" box="[159,1943,632,657]" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="73" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1">
<th id="60485DE3FFEFFA9106C2FDB89C43FD43" box="[159,305,632,657]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">
<taxonomicName id="5AA94D5EFFEF056806C2FDB89D8EFD43" authorityName="- George &amp; Rao" authorityYear="1967" box="[159,252,632,657]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pandalidae" genus="Plesionika" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="martia">
<emphasis id="AFDDEACFFFEF056806C2FDB89D8EFD43" box="[159,252,632,657]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">P. martia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="60485DE3FFEFFA9107D8FDB89F00FD43" box="[389,626,632,657]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">NE Atlantic (10)</td>
<td id="60485DE3FFEFFA910515FDB89E83FD43" box="[840,1009,632,657]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">0.0–1.9</td>
</tr>
<tr id="2399349FFFEFFA9106C2FD5E9AE5FD65" box="[159,1943,670,695]" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="73" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1">
<td id="60485DE3FFEFFA9107D8FD5E9F00FD65" box="[389,626,670,695]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">
Nicobar Is.
<accessionNumber id="82FAAB3EFFEF056807A1FD5E9F03FD65" box="[508,625,670,695]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/MN709597" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">MN709597</accessionNumber>
</td>
<td id="60485DE3FFEFFA910515FD5E9E83FD65" box="[840,1009,670,695]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">10.5–11.0</td>
</tr>
<tr id="2399349FFFEFFA9106C2FD049AE5FD0F" box="[159,1943,708,733]" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="73" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1">
<td id="60485DE3FFEFFA9107D8FD049F00FD0F" box="[389,626,708,733]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">
India
<accessionNumber id="82FAAB3EFFEF056807E2FD049F42FD0F" box="[447,560,708,733]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/KU708836" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">KU708836</accessionNumber>
</td>
<td id="60485DE3FFEFFA910515FD049E83FD0F" box="[840,1009,708,733]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">21.9–23.9</td>
<td id="60485DE3FFEFFA91023DFD049820FD0F" box="[1120,1362,708,733]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">22.9</td>
</tr>
<tr id="2399349FFFEFFA9106C2FD2A9AE5FCD1" box="[159,1943,746,771]" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">
<th id="60485DE3FFEFFA9106C2FD2A9C43FCD1" box="[159,305,746,771]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">
<taxonomicName id="5AA94D5EFFEF056806C2FD2A9C6BFCD1" authorityName="Chace" authorityYear="1985" box="[159,281,746,771]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pandalidae" genus="Plesionika" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orientalis">
<emphasis id="AFDDEACFFFEF056806C2FD2A9C6BFCD1" box="[159,281,746,771]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">P. orientalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="60485DE3FFEFFA9107D8FD2A9F00FCD1" box="[389,626,746,771]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">Philippines (2)</td>
<td id="60485DE3FFEFFA910515FD2A9E83FCD1" box="[840,1009,746,771]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">20.4–22.1</td>
<td id="60485DE3FFEFFA91023DFD2A9820FCD1" box="[1120,1362,746,771]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">20.9</td>
<td id="60485DE3FFEFFA910382FD2A9BF8FCD1" box="[1503,1674,746,771]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">20.4–21.3</td>
<td id="60485DE3FFEFFA91015CFD2A9AE5FCD1" box="[1793,1943,746,771]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">1.0</td>
</tr>
<tr id="2399349FFFEFFA9106C2FCD09AE5FCFB" box="[159,1943,784,809]" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">
<th id="60485DE3FFEFFA9106C2FCD09C43FCFB" box="[159,305,784,809]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">
<taxonomicName id="5AA94D5EFFEF056806C2FCD09C50FCFB" authorityName="Bate" authorityYear="1888" box="[159,290,784,809]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pandalidae" genus="Plesionika" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="semilaevis">
<emphasis id="AFDDEACFFFEF056806C2FCD09C50FCFB" box="[159,290,784,809]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">P. semilaevis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="60485DE3FFEFFA9107D8FCD09F00FCFB" box="[389,626,784,809]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">
Philippines
<accessionNumber id="82FAAB3EFFEF056807A0FCD09F00FCFB" box="[509,626,784,809]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/MN709602" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">MN709602</accessionNumber>
</td>
<td id="60485DE3FFEFFA910515FCD09E83FCFB" box="[840,1009,784,809]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">19.4–21.5</td>
<td id="60485DE3FFEFFA91023DFCD09820FCFB" box="[1120,1362,784,809]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">19.0</td>
<td id="60485DE3FFEFFA910382FCD09BF8FCFB" box="[1503,1674,784,809]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">22.2</td>
<td id="60485DE3FFEFFA91015CFCD09AE5FCFB" box="[1793,1943,784,809]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">15.2–15.3</td>
</tr>
<tr id="2399349FFFEFFA9106C2FCF59AE5FC9C" box="[159,1943,821,846]" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="73" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="60485DE3FFEFFA9107D8FCF59F00FC9C" box="[389,626,821,846]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">
Philippines
<accessionNumber id="82FAAB3EFFEF056807A0FCF59F00FC9C" box="[509,626,821,846]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/MN709603" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">MN709603</accessionNumber>
</td>
<td id="60485DE3FFEFFA910515FCF59E83FC9C" box="[840,1009,821,846]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">19.7–21.8</td>
<td id="60485DE3FFEFFA91023DFCF59820FC9C" box="[1120,1362,821,846]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">18.9</td>
<td id="60485DE3FFEFFA910382FCF59BF8FC9C" box="[1503,1674,821,846]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">23.1</td>
<td id="60485DE3FFEFFA91015CFCF59AE5FC9C" box="[1793,1943,821,846]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">17.0–17.2</td>
</tr>
<tr id="2399349FFFEFFA9106C2FC9B9AE5FCA6" box="[159,1943,859,884]" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="73" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="60485DE3FFEFFA9107D8FC9B9F00FCA6" box="[389,626,859,884]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">
India
<accessionNumber id="82FAAB3EFFEF056807E2FC9B9F42FCA6" box="[447,560,859,884]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/KX364192" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">KX364192</accessionNumber>
</td>
<td id="60485DE3FFEFFA910515FC9B9E83FCA6" box="[840,1009,859,884]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">20.9–22.1</td>
<td id="60485DE3FFEFFA91023DFC9B9820FCA6" box="[1120,1362,859,884]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">18.7</td>
<td id="60485DE3FFEFFA910382FC9B9BF8FCA6" box="[1503,1674,859,884]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">25.1</td>
<td id="60485DE3FFEFFA91015CFC9B9AE5FCA6" box="[1793,1943,859,884]" gridcol="5" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">16.7–17.1</td>
</tr>
<tr id="2399349FFFEFFA9106C2FC419AE5FC48" box="[159,1943,897,922]" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="73" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="60485DE3FFEFFA9107D8FC419F00FC48" box="[389,626,897,922]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">
India
<accessionNumber id="82FAAB3EFFEF056807E2FC419F42FC48" box="[447,560,897,922]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/KX364193" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">KX364193</accessionNumber>
</td>
<td id="60485DE3FFEFFA910515FC419E83FC48" box="[840,1009,897,922]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">20.9–22.1</td>
<td id="60485DE3FFEFFA91023DFC419820FC48" box="[1120,1362,897,922]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">18.7</td>
<td id="60485DE3FFEFFA910382FC419BF8FC48" box="[1503,1674,897,922]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">25.3</td>
<td id="60485DE3FFEFFA91015CFC419AE5FC48" box="[1793,1943,897,922]" gridcol="5" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">17.3–17.6</td>
</tr>
<tr id="2399349FFFEFFA9106C2FC679AE5FC12" box="[159,1943,935,960]" gridrow="10" pageId="6" pageNumber="73" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="60485DE3FFEFFA9107D8FC679F00FC12" box="[389,626,935,960]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">
India
<accessionNumber id="82FAAB3EFFEF056807E2FC679F46FC12" box="[447,564,935,960]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/MN709601" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">MN709601</accessionNumber>
</td>
<td id="60485DE3FFEFFA910515FC679E83FC12" box="[840,1009,935,960]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">20.1–22.3</td>
<td id="60485DE3FFEFFA91023DFC679820FC12" box="[1120,1362,935,960]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">19.0</td>
<td id="60485DE3FFEFFA910382FC679BF8FC12" box="[1503,1674,935,960]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">21.5</td>
<td id="60485DE3FFEFFA91015CFC679AE5FC12" box="[1793,1943,935,960]" gridcol="5" gridrow="10" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">16.0–16.5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="2399349FFFEFFA9106C2FC0D9AE5FC34" box="[159,1943,973,998]" gridrow="11" pageId="6" pageNumber="73" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="60485DE3FFEFFA9107D8FC0D9F00FC34" box="[389,626,973,998]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">
India
<accessionNumber id="82FAAB3EFFEF056807E2FC0D9F46FC34" box="[447,564,973,998]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/MN709600" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">MN709600</accessionNumber>
</td>
<td id="60485DE3FFEFFA910515FC0D9E83FC34" box="[840,1009,973,998]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">19.7–21.3</td>
<td id="60485DE3FFEFFA91023DFC0D9820FC34" box="[1120,1362,973,998]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">18.6</td>
<td id="60485DE3FFEFFA910382FC0D9BF8FC34" box="[1503,1674,973,998]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">21.3</td>
<td id="60485DE3FFEFFA91015CFC0D9AE5FC34" box="[1793,1943,973,998]" gridcol="5" gridrow="11" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">16.2–16.5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="2399349FFFEFFA9106C2FC329AE5FBD9" box="[159,1943,1010,1035]" gridrow="12" pageId="6" pageNumber="73" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="60485DE3FFEFFA9107D8FC329F00FBD9" box="[389,626,1010,1035]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">
India
<accessionNumber id="82FAAB3EFFEF056807E2FC329F42FBD9" box="[447,560,1010,1035]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/KX781157" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">KX781157</accessionNumber>
</td>
<td id="60485DE3FFEFFA910515FC329E83FBD9" box="[840,1009,1010,1035]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">20.9–21.4</td>
<td id="60485DE3FFEFFA91023DFC329820FBD9" box="[1120,1362,1010,1035]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">22.7</td>
<td id="60485DE3FFEFFA910382FC329BF8FBD9" box="[1503,1674,1010,1035]" gridcol="4" gridrow="12" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">21.4</td>
<td id="60485DE3FFEFFA91015CFC329AE5FBD9" box="[1793,1943,1010,1035]" gridcol="5" gridrow="12" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">20.4–21.4</td>
</tr>
<tr id="2399349FFFEFFA9106C2FBD89AE5FBE3" box="[159,1943,1048,1073]" gridrow="13" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">
<th id="60485DE3FFEFFA9106C2FBD89C43FBE3" box="[159,305,1048,1073]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">
<taxonomicName id="5AA94D5EFFEF056806C2FBD89C43FBE3" authorityName="Chace" authorityYear="1985" box="[159,305,1048,1073]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pandalidae" genus="Plesionika" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parvimartia">
<emphasis id="AFDDEACFFFEF056806C2FBD89C43FBE3" box="[159,305,1048,1073]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">P. parvimartia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="60485DE3FFEFFA9107D8FBD89F00FBE3" box="[389,626,1048,1073]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">Philippines (2)</td>
<td id="60485DE3FFEFFA910515FBD89E83FBE3" box="[840,1009,1048,1073]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">21.0–22.1</td>
<td id="60485DE3FFEFFA91023DFBD89820FBE3" box="[1120,1362,1048,1073]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">20.3–20.5</td>
<td id="60485DE3FFEFFA910382FBD89BF8FBE3" box="[1503,1674,1048,1073]" gridcol="4" gridrow="13" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">22.5–22.7</td>
<td id="60485DE3FFEFFA91015CFBD89AE5FBE3" box="[1793,1943,1048,1073]" gridcol="5" gridrow="13" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">16.4–16.9</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<caption id="C9D66655FFEF056806CDFBA29CE6FBAE" ID-Table-UUID="C9D66655FFEF056806CDFBA29CE6FBAE" box="[144,404,1122,1148]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/C9D66655FFEF056806CDFBA29CE6FBAE" pageId="6" pageNumber="73" startId="6.[144,232,1122,1148]" targetBox="[159,2006,1159,1706]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="9D1636DDFFEF056806CDFBA29CE6FBAE" blockId="6.[144,404,1122,1148]" box="[144,404,1122,1148]" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">
<emphasis id="AFDDEACFFFEF056806CDFBA29CE6FBAE" bold="true" box="[144,404,1122,1148]" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">TABLE 2. (Continued)</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="9D1636DDFFEF056804C8FB479A12F978" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">
<table id="EFA9C47DFFEFFA9106C2FB479AA4F978" box="[159,2006,1159,1706]" gridcols="10" gridrows="15" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">
<tr id="2399349FFFEFFA9106C2FB479AA4FB72" box="[159,2006,1159,1184]" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="73" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-8="1">
<th id="60485DE3FFEFFA9104C8FB479E6AFB72" box="[661,792,1159,1184]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">
<taxonomicName id="5AA94D5EFFEF056804C8FB479E6AFB72" authorityName="Bate" authorityYear="1888" box="[661,792,1159,1184]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pandalidae" genus="Plesionika" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="semilaevis">P. semilaevis</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="60485DE3FFEFFA91011DFB479AA4FB72" box="[1856,2006,1159,1184]" gridcol="9" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">
<taxonomicName id="5AA94D5EFFEF0568011DFB479AA0FB72" authorityName="Chace" authorityYear="1985" box="[1856,2002,1159,1184]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pandalidae" genus="Plesionika" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parvimartia">
<emphasis id="AFDDEACFFFEF0568011DFB479AA0FB72" box="[1856,2002,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">P. parvimartia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="2399349FFFEFFA9106C2FB6D9AA4FB14" box="[159,2006,1197,1222]" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="73" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1">
<td id="60485DE3FFEFFA9104C8FB6D9E6AFB14" box="[661,792,1197,1222]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">Philippines</td>
<td id="60485DE3FFEFFA910518FB6D9EC8FB14" box="[837,954,1197,1222]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">Philippines</td>
<td id="60485DE3FFEFFA9105AFFB6D9910FB14" box="[1010,1122,1197,1222]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">India</td>
<td id="60485DE3FFEFFA9102C4FB6D9878FB14" box="[1177,1290,1197,1222]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">India</td>
<td id="60485DE3FFEFFA91031AFB6D98C9FB14" box="[1351,1467,1197,1222]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">India</td>
<td id="60485DE3FFEFFA9103A8FB6D9B1BFB14" box="[1525,1641,1197,1222]" gridcol="7" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">India</td>
<td id="60485DE3FFEFFA9100FEFB6D9A61FB14" box="[1699,1811,1197,1222]" gridcol="8" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">India</td>
<td id="60485DE3FFEFFA91011DFB6D9AA4FB14" box="[1856,2006,1197,1222]" gridcol="9" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">Philippines (2)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="2399349FFFEFFA9106C2FB119AA4FB38" box="[159,2006,1233,1258]" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="73" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-9="1">
<td id="60485DE3FFEFFA9104C8FB119E6AFB38" box="[661,792,1233,1258]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">
<accessionNumber id="82FAAB3EFFEF056804C8FB119E78FB38" box="[661,778,1233,1258]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/MN709602" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">MN709602</accessionNumber>
</td>
<td id="60485DE3FFEFFA910518FB119EC8FB38" box="[837,954,1233,1258]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">
<accessionNumber id="82FAAB3EFFEF05680518FB119EC8FB38" box="[837,954,1233,1258]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/MN709603" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">MN709603</accessionNumber>
</td>
<td id="60485DE3FFEFFA9105AFFB119910FB38" box="[1010,1122,1233,1258]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">
<accessionNumber id="82FAAB3EFFEF056805AFFB119910FB38" box="[1010,1122,1233,1258]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/KX364192" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">KX364192</accessionNumber>
</td>
<td id="60485DE3FFEFFA9102C4FB119878FB38" box="[1177,1290,1233,1258]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">
<accessionNumber id="82FAAB3EFFEF056802C4FB119878FB38" box="[1177,1290,1233,1258]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/KX364193" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">KX364193</accessionNumber>
</td>
<td id="60485DE3FFEFFA91031AFB1198C9FB38" box="[1351,1467,1233,1258]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">
<accessionNumber id="82FAAB3EFFEF0568031AFB1198C9FB38" box="[1351,1467,1233,1258]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/MN709601" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">MN709601</accessionNumber>
</td>
<td id="60485DE3FFEFFA9103A8FB119B1BFB38" box="[1525,1641,1233,1258]" gridcol="7" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">
<accessionNumber id="82FAAB3EFFEF056803A8FB119B1BFB38" box="[1525,1641,1233,1258]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/MN709600" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">MN709600</accessionNumber>
</td>
<td id="60485DE3FFEFFA9100FEFB119A61FB38" box="[1699,1811,1233,1258]" gridcol="8" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">
<accessionNumber id="82FAAB3EFFEF056800FEFB119A61FB38" box="[1699,1811,1233,1258]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/KX781157" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">KX781157</accessionNumber>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="2399349FFFEFFA9106C2FB329AA4FAD9" box="[159,2006,1266,1291]" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="73" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-8="1" rowspan-9="1">
<th id="60485DE3FFEFFA9106C2FB329C42FAD9" box="[159,304,1266,1291]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">
<taxonomicName id="5AA94D5EFFEF056806C2FB329D89FAD9" authorityName="- George &amp; Rao" authorityYear="1967" box="[159,251,1266,1291]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pandalidae" genus="Plesionika" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="martia">
<emphasis id="AFDDEACFFFEF056806C2FB329D89FAD9" box="[159,251,1266,1291]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">P. martia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="60485DE3FFEFFA91073FFB329F22FAD9" box="[354,592,1266,1291]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">NE Atlantic (10)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="2399349FFFEFFA9106C2FAD79AA4FAE2" box="[159,2006,1303,1328]" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">
<th id="60485DE3FFEFFA9106C2FAD79AA4FAE2" box="[159,2006,1303,1328]" colspan="10" colspanRight="9" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">
Nicobar Is.
<accessionNumber id="82FAAB3EFFEF05680784FAD79F3CFAE2" box="[473,590,1303,1328]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/MN709597" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">MN709597</accessionNumber>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="2399349FFFEFFA9106C2FAFD9AA4FA84" box="[159,2006,1341,1366]" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">
<th id="60485DE3FFEFFA9106C2FAFD9AA4FA84" box="[159,2006,1341,1366]" colspan="10" colspanRight="9" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">
India
<accessionNumber id="82FAAB3EFFEF056807C0FAFD9F7FFA84" box="[413,525,1341,1366]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/KU708836" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">KU708836</accessionNumber>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="2399349FFFEFFA9106C2FAA39AA4FAAE" box="[159,2006,1379,1404]" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="73" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-8="1" rowspan-9="1">
<th id="60485DE3FFEFFA9106C2FAA39C42FAAE" box="[159,304,1379,1404]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">
<taxonomicName id="5AA94D5EFFEF056806C2FAA39C6AFAAE" authorityName="Chace" authorityYear="1985" box="[159,280,1379,1404]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pandalidae" genus="Plesionika" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orientalis">
<emphasis id="AFDDEACFFFEF056806C2FAA39C6AFAAE" box="[159,280,1379,1404]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">P. orientalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="60485DE3FFEFFA91073FFAA39F22FAAE" box="[354,592,1379,1404]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">Philippines (2)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="2399349FFFEFFA9106C2FA499AA4FA70" box="[159,2006,1417,1442]" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="73" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-8="1" rowspan-9="1">
<th id="60485DE3FFEFFA9106C2FA499C42FA70" box="[159,304,1417,1442]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">
<taxonomicName id="5AA94D5EFFEF056806C2FA499C53FA70" authorityName="Bate" authorityYear="1888" box="[159,289,1417,1442]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pandalidae" genus="Plesionika" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="semilaevis">
<emphasis id="AFDDEACFFFEF056806C2FA499C53FA70" box="[159,289,1417,1442]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">P. semilaevis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="60485DE3FFEFFA91073FFA499F22FA70" box="[354,592,1417,1442]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">
Philippines
<accessionNumber id="82FAAB3EFFEF05680786FA499F3DFA70" box="[475,591,1417,1442]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/MN709602" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">MN709602</accessionNumber>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="2399349FFFEFFA9106C2FA6F9AA4FA1A" box="[159,2006,1455,1480]" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="73" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-8="1" rowspan-9="1">
<td id="60485DE3FFEFFA91073FFA6F9F22FA1A" box="[354,592,1455,1480]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">
Philippines
<accessionNumber id="82FAAB3EFFEF05680786FA6F9F22FA1A" box="[475,592,1455,1480]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/MN709603" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">MN709603</accessionNumber>
</td>
<td id="60485DE3FFEFFA9104C8FA6F9E6AFA1A" box="[661,792,1455,1480]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">14.0</td>
</tr>
<tr id="2399349FFFEFFA9106C2FA149AA4FA3F" box="[159,2006,1492,1517]" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="73" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-8="1" rowspan-9="1">
<td id="60485DE3FFEFFA91073FFA149F22FA3F" box="[354,592,1492,1517]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">
India
<accessionNumber id="82FAAB3EFFEF056807C0FA149F7FFA3F" box="[413,525,1492,1517]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/KX364192" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">KX364192</accessionNumber>
</td>
<td id="60485DE3FFEFFA9104C8FA149E6AFA3F" box="[661,792,1492,1517]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">16.7</td>
<td id="60485DE3FFEFFA910518FA149EC8FA3F" box="[837,954,1492,1517]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">5.7</td>
</tr>
<tr id="2399349FFFEFFA9106C2FA3A9AA4F9C1" box="[159,2006,1530,1555]" gridrow="10" pageId="6" pageNumber="73" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-8="1" rowspan-9="1">
<td id="60485DE3FFEFFA91073FFA3A9F22F9C1" box="[354,592,1530,1555]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">
India
<accessionNumber id="82FAAB3EFFEF056807C0FA3A9F7FF9C1" box="[413,525,1530,1555]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/KX364193" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">KX364193</accessionNumber>
</td>
<td id="60485DE3FFEFFA9104C8FA3A9E6AF9C1" box="[661,792,1530,1555]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">16.6</td>
<td id="60485DE3FFEFFA910518FA3A9EC8F9C1" box="[837,954,1530,1555]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">5.5</td>
<td id="60485DE3FFEFFA9105AFFA3A9910F9C1" box="[1010,1122,1530,1555]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">0</td>
</tr>
<tr id="2399349FFFEFFA9106C2F9E09AA4F9EB" box="[159,2006,1568,1593]" gridrow="11" pageId="6" pageNumber="73" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-8="1" rowspan-9="1">
<td id="60485DE3FFEFFA91073FF9E09F22F9EB" box="[354,592,1568,1593]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">
India
<accessionNumber id="82FAAB3EFFEF056807C0F9E09F63F9EB" box="[413,529,1568,1593]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/MN709601" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">MN709601</accessionNumber>
</td>
<td id="60485DE3FFEFFA9104C8F9E09E6AF9EB" box="[661,792,1568,1593]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">13.8</td>
<td id="60485DE3FFEFFA910518F9E09EC8F9EB" box="[837,954,1568,1593]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">4.6</td>
<td id="60485DE3FFEFFA9105AFF9E09910F9EB" box="[1010,1122,1568,1593]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">2.3</td>
<td id="60485DE3FFEFFA9102C4F9E09878F9EB" box="[1177,1290,1568,1593]" gridcol="5" gridrow="11" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">2.4</td>
</tr>
<tr id="2399349FFFEFFA9106C2F9869AA4F98D" box="[159,2006,1606,1631]" gridrow="12" pageId="6" pageNumber="73" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-8="1" rowspan-9="1">
<td id="60485DE3FFEFFA91073FF9869F22F98D" box="[354,592,1606,1631]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">
India
<accessionNumber id="82FAAB3EFFEF056807C0F9869F63F98D" box="[413,529,1606,1631]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/MN709600" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">MN709600</accessionNumber>
</td>
<td id="60485DE3FFEFFA9104C8F9869E6AF98D" box="[661,792,1606,1631]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">14.3</td>
<td id="60485DE3FFEFFA910518F9869EC8F98D" box="[837,954,1606,1631]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">4.6</td>
<td id="60485DE3FFEFFA9105AFF9869910F98D" box="[1010,1122,1606,1631]" gridcol="4" gridrow="12" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">2.3</td>
<td id="60485DE3FFEFFA9102C4F9869878F98D" box="[1177,1290,1606,1631]" gridcol="5" gridrow="12" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">2.4</td>
<td id="60485DE3FFEFFA91031AF98698C9F98D" box="[1351,1467,1606,1631]" gridcol="6" gridrow="12" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">0.5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="2399349FFFEFFA9106C2F9AC9AA4F957" box="[159,2006,1644,1669]" gridrow="13" pageId="6" pageNumber="73" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-8="1" rowspan-9="1">
<td id="60485DE3FFEFFA91073FF9AC9F22F957" box="[354,592,1644,1669]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">
India
<accessionNumber id="82FAAB3EFFEF056807C0F9AC9F7FF957" box="[413,525,1644,1669]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/KX781157" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">KX781157</accessionNumber>
</td>
<td id="60485DE3FFEFFA9104C8F9AC9E6AF957" box="[661,792,1644,1669]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">19.5</td>
<td id="60485DE3FFEFFA910518F9AC9EC8F957" box="[837,954,1644,1669]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">19.5</td>
<td id="60485DE3FFEFFA9105AFF9AC9910F957" box="[1010,1122,1644,1669]" gridcol="4" gridrow="13" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">21.8</td>
<td id="60485DE3FFEFFA9102C4F9AC9878F957" box="[1177,1290,1644,1669]" gridcol="5" gridrow="13" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">22.3</td>
<td id="60485DE3FFEFFA91031AF9AC98C9F957" box="[1351,1467,1644,1669]" gridcol="6" gridrow="13" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">20.1</td>
<td id="60485DE3FFEFFA9103A8F9AC9B1BF957" box="[1525,1641,1644,1669]" gridcol="7" gridrow="13" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">19.5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="2399349FFFEFFA9106C2F9519AA4F978" box="[159,2006,1681,1706]" gridrow="14" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">
<th id="60485DE3FFEFFA9106C2F9519C42F978" box="[159,304,1681,1706]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">
<taxonomicName id="5AA94D5EFFEF056806C2F9519C42F978" authorityName="Chace" authorityYear="1985" box="[159,304,1681,1706]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pandalidae" genus="Plesionika" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parvimartia">
<emphasis id="AFDDEACFFFEF056806C2F9519C42F978" box="[159,304,1681,1706]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">P. parvimartia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="60485DE3FFEFFA91073FF9519F22F978" box="[354,592,1681,1706]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">Philippines (2)</td>
<td id="60485DE3FFEFFA9104C8F9519E6AF978" box="[661,792,1681,1706]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">14.7</td>
<td id="60485DE3FFEFFA910518F9519EC8F978" box="[837,954,1681,1706]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">16.5–16.9</td>
<td id="60485DE3FFEFFA9105AFF9519910F978" box="[1010,1122,1681,1706]" gridcol="4" gridrow="14" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">15.1–15.7</td>
<td id="60485DE3FFEFFA9102C4F9519878F978" box="[1177,1290,1681,1706]" gridcol="5" gridrow="14" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">15.2–15.9</td>
<td id="60485DE3FFEFFA91031AF95198C9F978" box="[1351,1467,1681,1706]" gridcol="6" gridrow="14" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">15.6–15.9</td>
<td id="60485DE3FFEFFA9103A8F9519B1BF978" box="[1525,1641,1681,1706]" gridcol="7" gridrow="14" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">16.1–16.4</td>
<td id="60485DE3FFEFFA9100FEF9519A61F978" box="[1699,1811,1681,1706]" gridcol="8" gridrow="14" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">19.2–19.5</td>
<td id="60485DE3FFEFFA91011DF9519AA4F978" box="[1856,2006,1681,1706]" gridcol="9" gridrow="14" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">1.2</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D1636DDFFEE0569069AFF5999AAFC75" blockId="7.[151,1437,153,935]" pageId="7" pageNumber="74">
Genetic comparisons between the present Indian and topotypic
<collectingCountry id="E5BE764DFFEE056905C9FF599960FF61" box="[916,1042,153,179]" name="Philippines" pageId="7" pageNumber="74">Philippines</collectingCountry>
material of
<taxonomicName id="5AA94D5EFFEE056902C0FF5A985CFF61" authorityName="Bate" authorityYear="1888" box="[1181,1326,153,179]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pandalidae" genus="Plesionika" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="semilaevis">
<emphasis id="AFDDEACFFFEE056902C0FF5A985CFF61" box="[1181,1326,153,179]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="74">P. semilaevis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
reveal an interesting situation. The present Indian material has 95.4% sequence similarities with one of the two
<collectingCountry id="E5BE764DFFEE05690343FF7D98EEFF05" box="[1310,1436,189,215]" name="Philippines" pageId="7" pageNumber="74">Philippines</collectingCountry>
specimens analyzed, and there are 13.8–14.3% sequence divergences from the other
<collectingCountry id="E5BE764DFFEE0569020FFF2199A2FF29" box="[1106,1232,225,251]" name="Philippines" pageId="7" pageNumber="74">Philippines</collectingCountry>
specimen. On the other hand, the genetic divergence of the two
<collectingCountry id="E5BE764DFFEE056904FBFEC59E56FECD" box="[678,804,261,287]" name="Philippines" pageId="7" pageNumber="74">Philippines</collectingCountry>
<taxonomicName id="5AA94D5EFFEE05690570FEC69ECDFECD" authorityName="Bate" authorityYear="1888" box="[813,959,261,287]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pandalidae" genus="Plesionika" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="semilaevis">
<emphasis id="AFDDEACFFFEE05690570FEC69ECDFECD" box="[813,959,261,287]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="74">P. semilaevis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimens is as high as 14.0%. Although species of
<taxonomicName id="5AA94D5EFFEE05690752FEE99CF7FE91" authorityName="Bate" authorityYear="1888" box="[271,389,297,323]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pandalidae" genus="Plesionika" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AFDDEACFFFEE05690752FEE99CF7FE91" box="[271,389,297,323]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="74">Plesionika</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
often found to have high genetic differences (see Matzen da Saliva
<emphasis id="AFDDEACFFFEE056902D5FEEA99B3FE91" box="[1160,1217,297,323]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="74">et al.</emphasis>
2013;
<bibRefCitation id="F9384B2CFFEE0569034DFEE99C67FEB5" author="Chakraborty, R. D. &amp; Chan, T. Y. &amp; Maheswarudu, G. &amp; Kuberan, G. &amp; Purushothaman, P. &amp; Chang, S. C. &amp; Jomon, S." pageId="7" pageNumber="74" pagination="923 - 930" refId="ref5863" refString="Chakraborty, R. D., Chan, T. Y., Maheswarudu, G., Kuberan, G., Purushothaman, P., Chang, S. C. &amp; Jomon, S. (2015) On Plesionika quasigrandis Chace, 1985 (Decapoda, Caridea, Pandalidae) from southwestern India. Crustaceana, 88 (7 - 8), 923 - 930. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 15685403 - 00003451" type="journal article" year="2015">
Chakraborty
<emphasis id="AFDDEACFFFEE056906CAFE8E9DA0FEB5" box="[151,210,333,359]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="74">et al.</emphasis>
2015
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="F9384B2CFFEE0569077EFE8D9C95FEB5" author="Chan, T. Y. &amp; Chakraborty, R. D. &amp; Purushothaman, P. &amp; Kuberan, G. &amp; Yang, C. H." box="[291,487,333,359]" pageId="7" pageNumber="74" pagination="583 - 591" refId="ref5948" refString="Chan, T. Y., Chakraborty, R. D., Purushothaman, P., Kuberan, G. &amp; Yang, C. H. (2018) On Plesionika persica (Kemp, 1925) and P. reflexa Chace, 1985 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Pandalidae) from India. Zootaxa, 4382 (3), 583 - 591. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4382.3.9" type="journal article" year="2018">
Chan
<emphasis id="AFDDEACFFFEE05690735FE8E9CE9FEB5" box="[360,411,333,359]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="74">et al</emphasis>
. 2018
</bibRefCitation>
), more than 10% COI sequence divergence is generally considered as interspecific differences in crustaceans (
<bibRefCitation id="F9384B2CFFEE05690798FEB19F88FE59" author="Jones, W. J. &amp; Macpherson, E." box="[453,762,369,395]" pageId="7" pageNumber="74" pagination="477 - 501" refId="ref6841" refString="Jones, W. J. &amp; Macpherson, E. (2007) Molecular phylogeny of the East Pacific squat lobsters of the genus Munidopsis (Decapoda: Galatheidae) with the descriptions of seven new species. Journal of Crustacean Biology, 27 (3), 477 - 501. https: // doi. org / 10.1651 / S- 2791.1" type="journal article" year="2007">Jones &amp; Macpherson, 2007</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="F9384B2CFFEE05690558FEB19E90FE59" author="Cabezas, P. &amp; Macpherson, E. &amp; Machordom, A." box="[773,994,369,395]" pageId="7" pageNumber="74" pagination="68 - 75" refId="ref5679" refString="Cabezas, P., Macpherson, E. &amp; Machordom, A. (2008) A new genus of squat lobster (Decapoda: Anomura: Galatheidae) from the South West Pacific and Indian Ocean Inferred from morphological and molecular evidence. Journal of Crustacean Biology, 28 (1), 68 - 75. https: // doi. org / 10.1651 / 07 - 2823 R. 1" type="journal article" year="2008">
Cabezas
<emphasis id="AFDDEACFFFEE05690534FEB29EE8FE59" box="[873,922,369,395]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="74">et al</emphasis>
. 2008
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="F9384B2CFFEE056905B0FEB199CCFE59" author="Chang, S. C. &amp; Chan, T. Y. &amp; Ahyong, S. T." box="[1005,1214,369,395]" pageId="7" pageNumber="74" pagination="107 - 122" refId="ref6105" refString="Chang, S. C., Chan, T. Y. &amp; Ahyong, S. T. (2014) Two new species of the rare lobster genus Thaumastocheles Wood-Mason, 1874 (Reptantia: Nephropidae) discovered from recent deep-sea expeditions in the Indo-West Pacific. Journal of Crustacean Biology, 34 (1), 107 - 122. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 1937240 X- 00002201" type="journal article" year="2014">
Chang
<emphasis id="AFDDEACFFFEE05690260FEB2991CFE59" box="[1085,1134,369,395]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="74">et al</emphasis>
., 2014
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="F9384B2CFFEE05690295FEB198E3FE59" author="Zheng, X. Z. &amp; Chen, W. J. &amp; Guo, Z. L." box="[1224,1425,369,395]" pageId="7" pageNumber="74" pagination="65 - 83" refId="ref8224" refString="Zheng, X. Z., Chen, W. J. &amp; Guo, Z. L. (2019) The genus Macrobrachium (Crustacea, Caridea, Palaemonidae) with the description of a new species from the Zaomu Mountain Forest Park, Guangdong Province, China. ZooKeys, 866, 65 - 83. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 866.32708" type="journal article" year="2019">
Zheng
<emphasis id="AFDDEACFFFEE0569034BFEB29835FE59" box="[1302,1351,369,395]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="74">et al</emphasis>
. 2019
</bibRefCitation>
). Therefore, it is highly likely that topotypic
<collectingCountry id="E5BE764DFFEE056904D4FE559E75FE7D" box="[649,775,405,431]" name="Philippines" pageId="7" pageNumber="74">Philippines</collectingCountry>
material of
<taxonomicName id="5AA94D5EFFEE056905C8FE56995AFE7D" authorityName="Bate" authorityYear="1888" box="[917,1064,405,431]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pandalidae" genus="Plesionika" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="semilaevis">
<emphasis id="AFDDEACFFFEE056905C8FE56995AFE7D" box="[917,1064,405,431]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="74">P. semilaevis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
actually containing two species. Which form is the true
<taxonomicName id="5AA94D5EFFEE056907FBFE7A9F4BFE01" authorityName="Bate" authorityYear="1888" box="[422,569,441,467]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pandalidae" genus="Plesionika" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="semilaevis">
<emphasis id="AFDDEACFFFEE056907FBFE7A9F4BFE01" box="[422,569,441,467]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="74">P. semilaevis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
will need a full revision of the “
<emphasis id="AFDDEACFFFEE056905EBFE7A995CFE01" box="[950,1070,441,467]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="74">
<taxonomicName id="5AA94D5EFFEE056905EBFE7A9956FE01" authorityName="- George &amp; Rao" authorityYear="1967" box="[950,1060,441,467]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pandalidae" genus="Plesionika" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="martia">P. martia</taxonomicName>
”
</emphasis>
groups with the re-examination of at least the
<typeStatus id="4212887FFFEE05690765FE1D9C01FE25" box="[312,371,477,503]" pageId="7" pageNumber="74">types</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="5AA94D5EFFEE056907C6FE1E9F5EFE25" authorityName="Bate" authorityYear="1888" box="[411,556,477,503]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pandalidae" genus="Plesionika" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="semilaevis">
<emphasis id="AFDDEACFFFEE056907C6FE1E9F5EFE25" box="[411,556,477,503]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="74">P. semilaevis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="5AA94D5EFFEE05690466FE1E9FB0FE25" authorityName="Chace" authorityYear="1985" box="[571,706,477,503]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pandalidae" genus="Plesionika" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orientalis">
<emphasis id="AFDDEACFFFEE05690466FE1E9FB0FE25" box="[571,706,477,503]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="74">P. orientalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="5AA94D5EFFEE056904A6FE1E9E24FE25" authorityName="Kotte" authorityYear="1903" box="[763,854,478,503]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pandalidae" genus="Plesionika" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cottei">
<emphasis id="AFDDEACFFFEE056904A6FE1E9E24FE25" box="[763,854,478,503]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="74">P. cottei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. On the other hand, the present Indian material has 97.6–97.7% COI sequence similarities with two other Indian
<taxonomicName id="5AA94D5EFFEE05690509FDC29E94FDC9" authorityName="Bate" authorityYear="1888" box="[852,998,513,539]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pandalidae" genus="Plesionika" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="semilaevis">
<emphasis id="AFDDEACFFFEE05690509FDC29E94FDC9" box="[852,998,513,539]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="74">P. semilaevis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sequences also from the southwestern coast (Kalamukku) in the GenBank (
<accessionNumber id="82FAAB3EFFEE05690468FDE59FC4FDED" box="[565,694,549,575]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/KX364192" pageId="7" pageNumber="74">KX364192</accessionNumber>
,
<accessionNumber id="82FAAB3EFFEE0569049FFDE59E32FD92" box="[706,832,549,576]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/KX364193" pageId="7" pageNumber="74">KX364193</accessionNumber>
) but 19.5% sequence divergence from another Indian
<taxonomicName id="5AA94D5EFFEE056906CAFD8A9C5AFDB1" authorityName="Bate" authorityYear="1888" box="[151,296,585,611]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pandalidae" genus="Plesionika" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="semilaevis">
<emphasis id="AFDDEACFFFEE056906CAFD8A9C5AFDB1" box="[151,296,585,611]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="74">P. semilaevis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sequences (
<accessionNumber id="82FAAB3EFFEE056907EDFD889F43FDB1" box="[432,561,584,611]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/KX781157" pageId="7" pageNumber="74">KX781157</accessionNumber>
, no specific locality). Moreover, this
<accessionNumber id="82FAAB3EFFEE0569058BFD889920FDB1" box="[982,1106,584,611]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/KX781157" pageId="7" pageNumber="74">KX781157</accessionNumber>
sequence has 19.2–22.7% sequence divergence from all other “
<emphasis id="AFDDEACFFFEE0569047EFDAE9FE8FD55" box="[547,666,621,647]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="74">
<taxonomicName id="5AA94D5EFFEE0569047EFDAE9FE2FD55" authorityName="- George &amp; Rao" authorityYear="1967" box="[547,656,621,647]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pandalidae" genus="Plesionika" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="martia">P. martia</taxonomicName>
”
</emphasis>
group material analyzed. Such great genetic difference implies that the specimen for the
<accessionNumber id="82FAAB3EFFEE056907DEFD509C8DFD79" box="[387,511,656,683]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/KX781157" pageId="7" pageNumber="74">KX781157</accessionNumber>
sequence is misidentified and this species even does not belong to the “
<taxonomicName id="5AA94D5EFFEE05690374FD5298E2FD79" authorityName="- George &amp; Rao" authorityYear="1967" box="[1321,1424,658,683]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pandalidae" genus="Plesionika" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="martia">
<emphasis id="AFDDEACFFFEE05690374FD5298E2FD79" box="[1321,1424,658,683]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="74">P. martia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” group, though it has no positive match with any other COI sequence available in the GenBank. Hence, the four Indian sequences considered by the present work as belonging to
<taxonomicName id="5AA94D5EFFEE056905D6FD1A996CFD21" authorityName="Bate" authorityYear="1888" box="[907,1054,729,755]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pandalidae" genus="Plesionika" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="semilaevis">
<emphasis id="AFDDEACFFFEE056905D6FD1A996CFD21" box="[907,1054,729,755]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="74">P. semilaevis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have 97.6–100% similarities and with 4.6–5.7% divergence from one of the topotypic
<collectingCountry id="E5BE764DFFEE056904BCFD3D9E2DFCC5" box="[737,863,765,791]" name="Philippines" pageId="7" pageNumber="74">Philippines</collectingCountry>
specimens. Such a genetic difference is moderately high but still lower than the 5.8–8.4% reported between the Indian and topotypic
<collectingCountry id="E5BE764DFFEE05690244FCE199E5FCE9" box="[1049,1175,801,827]" name="Philippines" pageId="7" pageNumber="74">Philippines</collectingCountry>
<taxonomicName id="5AA94D5EFFEE056902C0FCE29DBDFC8D" authority="Chace, 1985" authorityName="Chace" authorityYear="1985" class="Malacostraca" family="Pandalidae" genus="Plesionika" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quasigrandis">
<emphasis id="AFDDEACFFFEE056902C0FCE2983BFCE9" box="[1181,1353,801,827]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="74">P. quasigrandis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="F9384B2CFFEE05690312FCE19DBDFC8D" author="Chace, F. A. Jr." pageId="7" pageNumber="74" pagination="1 - 143" refId="ref5803" refString="Chace, F. A. Jr. (1985) The Caridean shrimps (Crustacea: Decapoda) of the Albatross Philippine Expedition, 1907 - 1910, Part 3: Families Thalassocarididae and Pandalidae. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 411, 1 - 143. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00810282.411" type="journal article" year="1985">Chace, 1985</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
material (
<bibRefCitation id="F9384B2CFFEE0569071DFC859F3FFC8D" author="Chakraborty, R. D. &amp; Chan, T. Y. &amp; Maheswarudu, G. &amp; Kuberan, G. &amp; Purushothaman, P. &amp; Chang, S. C. &amp; Jomon, S." box="[320,589,836,863]" pageId="7" pageNumber="74" pagination="923 - 930" refId="ref5863" refString="Chakraborty, R. D., Chan, T. Y., Maheswarudu, G., Kuberan, G., Purushothaman, P., Chang, S. C. &amp; Jomon, S. (2015) On Plesionika quasigrandis Chace, 1985 (Decapoda, Caridea, Pandalidae) from southwestern India. Crustaceana, 88 (7 - 8), 923 - 930. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 15685403 - 00003451" type="journal article" year="2015">
Chakraborty
<emphasis id="AFDDEACFFFEE05690789FC869F7EFC8D" box="[468,524,837,863]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="74">et al.</emphasis>
2015
</bibRefCitation>
) that without noticeable morphological and color difference. The coloration of the Indian material (
<figureCitation id="05922A58FFEE056907C2FCA99C91FC51" box="[415,483,873,899]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1979,2004]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1101,1954]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,1101,1954]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Plesionika semilaevis Bate, 1888, Sakthikulangara fishing harbour, Kerala, ovigerous female cl 19.4 mm (DAB- FUK/AR-PLE-27)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3629039" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3629039/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="74">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
) is almost identical with a
<taxonomicName id="5AA94D5EFFEE05690546FCAA9EDFFC51" authorityName="Bate" authorityYear="1888" box="[795,941,873,899]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pandalidae" genus="Plesionika" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="semilaevis">
<emphasis id="AFDDEACFFFEE05690546FCAA9EDFFC51" box="[795,941,873,899]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="74">P. semilaevis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimen from the
<collectingCountry id="E5BE764DFFEE056902CCFCA9987DFC51" box="[1169,1295,873,899]" name="Philippines" pageId="7" pageNumber="74">Philippines</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="F9384B2CFFEE0569037DFCA99DA1FC75" author="Li, X. &amp; Chan, T. Y." pageId="7" pageNumber="74" pagination="129 - 154" refId="ref7192" refString="Li, X. &amp; Chan, T. Y. (2013) Pandalid shrimps (Crustacea, Decapoda, Caridea) collected from the Philippines PANGLAO 2005 deep-sea expedition. In: Ahyong, S. T., Chan, T. Y., Corbari, L. &amp; Ng, P. K. L. (Eds.), Tropical Deep-sea Benthos. Vol. 27. Memories du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, 204, pp. 129 - 154." type="journal article" year="2013">Li &amp; Chan 2013</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 4A) and only with the pale markings at the tips of the uropod exopods more yellowish.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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Genus
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<emphasis id="AFDDEADF4D782F30FCB8FC3F78D45870" bold="true" box="[238,440,1015,1042]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="592">Propyrgodesmus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="F9384B3C4D782F30FD96FC3F7B1C5873" author="Silvestri, F." box="[448,624,1015,1041]" pageId="1" pageNumber="592" pagination="117 - 135" refId="ref4139" refString="Silvestri, F. (1920) Descriptions of some Oriental Diplopoda Polydesmoidea of the subfamily Pyrgodesminae. Records of the Indian Museum, 19 (4), 117 - 135." type="journal article" year="1920">Silvestri, 1920</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="9D1636CD4D782F30FCC1FBF47AA35836" blockId="1.[151,1198,1084,1138]" box="[151,975,1084,1108]" pageId="1" pageNumber="592">
Type-species:
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<emphasis id="AFDDEADF4D782F30FD7EFBF47B5B5836" box="[296,567,1084,1108]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="592">Propyrgodesmus lobulatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="F9384B3C4D782F30FE6BFBF47BBF5836" author="Silvestri, F." box="[573,723,1084,1108]" pageId="1" pageNumber="592" pagination="117 - 135" refId="ref4139" refString="Silvestri, F. (1920) Descriptions of some Oriental Diplopoda Polydesmoidea of the subfamily Pyrgodesminae. Records of the Indian Museum, 19 (4), 117 - 135." type="journal article" year="1920">Silvestri, 1920</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, by original designation.
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<paragraph id="9D1636CD4D782F30FCC1FB927DC25810" blockId="1.[151,1198,1084,1138]" box="[151,1198,1114,1138]" pageId="1" pageNumber="592">
Other species included:
<taxonomicName id="5AA94D4E4D782F30FDDDFB927B8B5810" authority="Carl, 1932" authorityName="Carl" authorityYear="1932" box="[395,743,1114,1138]" class="Diplopoda" family="Pyrgodesmidae" genus="Propyrgodesmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="1" pageNumber="592" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frater">
<emphasis id="AFDDEADF4D782F30FDDDFB927B195810" box="[395,629,1114,1138]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="592">Propyrgodesmus frater</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="F9384B3C4D782F30FE2DFB927B8B5810" author="Carl, J." box="[635,743,1114,1138]" pageId="1" pageNumber="592" pagination="411 - 529" refId="ref3654" refString="Carl, J. (1932) Diplopoden aus Sud-Indien und Ceylon. 1. Teil. Polydesmoidea. Revue suisse de Zoologie, 39 (17), 411 - 529. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 118948" type="journal article" year="1932">Carl, 1932</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="5AA94D4E4D782F30FF4EFB927D345810" authority="Aswathy &amp; Sudhikumar, 2022" authorityName="Aswathy &amp; Sudhikumar" authorityYear="2022" box="[792,1112,1114,1138]" class="Diplopoda" family="Pyrgodesmidae" genus="Propyrgodesmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="1" pageNumber="592" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bulbogonopus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="AFDDEADF4D782F30FF4EFB927D345810" box="[792,1112,1114,1138]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="592">Propyrgodesmus bulbogonopus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="B4EE57A44D782F30F808FB927DC25810" box="[1118,1198,1114,1138]" pageId="1" pageNumber="592" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
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<subSubSection id="D5B365464D782F30FCC1FB687A7A5AD1" pageId="1" pageNumber="592" type="description">
<paragraph id="9D1636CD4D782F30FCC1FB687A7A5AD1" blockId="1.[151,1437,1184,2003]" pageId="1" pageNumber="592">
<emphasis id="AFDDEADF4D782F30FCC1FB68780D58D8" bold="true" box="[151,353,1184,1210]" pageId="1" pageNumber="592">Brief description</emphasis>
. The genus shows the typical characters of the family
<taxonomicName id="5AA94D4E4D782F30FF97FB687D0158D8" authorityName="Silvestri" authorityYear="1896" box="[961,1133,1184,1210]" class="Diplopoda" family="Pyrgodesmidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="1" pageNumber="592" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pyrgodesmidae</taxonomicName>
with 20 body rings in both male and female. Collum dome-shaped, flabellate and tuberculate, covering the head from above, with 5+5 moderately incised rounded lobulations at a subhorizontal anterior margin. Frons and vertex clearly granulated. Antennal pit/groove deep. Antennae short, antennomere 5 being the longest and thicker than remaining antennomeres. A cerotegument crust with microvilli covering the collum and following metaterga. Body rings strongly arched dorsally, each with 2+2 longitudinal rows of 3+3 larger and fused tubercles (paramedian and dorsolateral), both rows representing bilobed tubercles most of them slightly inclined caudad, but paramedian tubercles higher than dorsolateral tubercles. Paramedian tubercle of ring 19 overhanging the body and concealing the telson (ring 20) from above. Intercalary series of grains, as well as anteromarginal and caudomarginal lobulations largely indistinguishable. Pore formula abnormal (5, 9, 12, 15, 17–19), ozopores 5, 9, 12 and 15 borne on distinct porosteles,
<emphasis id="AFDDEADF4D782F30F8EBFA2D7DB8599C" box="[1213,1236,1509,1534]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="592">vs</emphasis>
17–19 open flush on the surface. Epiproct small, directed ventrad, with terminal bristles located on ventral side. Legs short and stout, sparsely setose, with neither any adenostyles nor tarsal brushes. Gonopods fairly simple,
<emphasis id="AFDDEADF4D782F30F825F9E57DDB5A24" box="[1139,1207,1581,1606]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="592">in situ</emphasis>
directed caudad and held parallel to each other. Coxites moderately enlarged, hemispherical and microgranulate laterally, concave medially and devoid of any spines or hairs. Telopodite simple, bipartite, branching only at about midway, characterized by the presence of structures resembling lobes or prongs.
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9D1636CD4D782F30FC91F9747C135B21" blockId="1.[151,1437,1184,2003]" pageId="1" pageNumber="592">
<emphasis id="AFDDEADF4D782F30FC91F97478565AB4" bold="true" box="[199,314,1724,1750]" pageId="1" pageNumber="592">Diagnosis</emphasis>
.
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<emphasis id="AFDDEADF4D782F30FD1EF9747B685AB4" box="[328,516,1724,1750]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="592">Propyrgodesmus</emphasis>
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differs from other genera of the family mainly by the abnormal pore formula (5, 9, 12, 15, 17–19)
<emphasis id="AFDDEADF4D782F30FD69F929783A5A98" box="[319,342,1761,1786]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="592">vs</emphasis>
normal pore formula (5, 7, 9, 10, 12, 13, 15–19); the arrangement of metatergal tubercles (trilobed paramedian tubercles in combination with overhanging paramedian tubercles of the ring 19 concealing the telson); the laterally extended lobular paraterga, and the medial rather than subcaudal position of porosteles (
<bibRefCitation id="F9384B3C4D782F30F8ABF8E07C1E5B21" author="Carl, J." box="[1277,1394,1832,1859]" pageId="1" pageNumber="592" pagination="411 - 529" refId="ref3654" refString="Carl, J. (1932) Diplopoden aus Sud-Indien und Ceylon. 1. Teil. Polydesmoidea. Revue suisse de Zoologie, 39 (17), 411 - 529. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 118948" type="journal article" year="1932">Carl 1932</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D1636CD4D782F30FC91F8847AE35BB1" blockId="1.[151,1437,1184,2003]" pageId="1" pageNumber="592">
This genus seems to be especially similar to
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<emphasis id="AFDDEADF4D782F30FE84F8847AE85B04" box="[722,900,1868,1894]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="592">Lobiferodesmus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="F9384B3C4D782F30FFD8F8847D585B05" author="Silvestri, F." box="[910,1076,1868,1895]" pageId="1" pageNumber="592" pagination="117 - 135" refId="ref4139" refString="Silvestri, F. (1920) Descriptions of some Oriental Diplopoda Polydesmoidea of the subfamily Pyrgodesminae. Records of the Indian Museum, 19 (4), 117 - 135." type="journal article" year="1920">
Silvestri,
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in somatic features, but shows significant differences in gonopodal structure: the presence of flattened, cylindrical telopodites, each of which is split into an acuminate main branch and a lobular medial branch,
<emphasis id="AFDDEADF4D782F30FF22F85D7AE75BCC" box="[884,907,1941,1966]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="592">vs</emphasis>
a unipartite and uncinate main branch which is sheathed by a lateral lamina (
<bibRefCitation id="F9384B3C4D782F30FD88F8707B135BB1" author="Silvestri, F." box="[478,639,1976,2003]" pageId="1" pageNumber="592" pagination="117 - 135" refId="ref4139" refString="Silvestri, F. (1920) Descriptions of some Oriental Diplopoda Polydesmoidea of the subfamily Pyrgodesminae. Records of the Indian Museum, 19 (4), 117 - 135." type="journal article" year="1920">Silvestri 1920</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="F9384B3C4D782F30FEDDF8707AEF5BB1" author="Golovatch, S. I. &amp; Geoffroy, J. - J. &amp; Mauries, J. - P. &amp; VandenSpiegel, D." box="[651,899,1976,2003]" pageId="1" pageNumber="592" pagination="145 - 151" refId="ref3835" refString="Golovatch, S. I., Geoffroy, J. - J., Mauries, J. - P. &amp; VandenSpiegel, D. (2008) The first, new species of the millipede family Pyrgodesmidae to be recorded in Vanuatu, Melanesia, southwestern Pacific (Diplopoda: Polydesmida). Arthropoda Selecta, 17 (3 - 4), 145 - 151. [https: // kmkjournals. com / upload / PDF / ArthropodaSelecta / 17 / 17 _ 3 _ 145 _ 151 _ Golovatch _ for _ Inet. pdf]" type="journal article" year="2008">
Golovatch
<emphasis id="AFDDEADF4D782F30FF51F8717A535BB0" box="[775,831,1976,2002]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="592">et al.</emphasis>
2008
</bibRefCitation>
).
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</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D5B365464D7B2F33FCC1FF3679955D7A" box="[151,249,254,280]" pageId="2" pageNumber="593" type="description">
<paragraph id="9D1636CD4D7B2F33FCC1FF3679955D7A" blockId="2.[151,633,217,280]" box="[151,249,254,280]" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">
<figureCitation id="05922A484D7B2F33FCC1FF3679955D7A" box="[151,249,254,280]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStart-3="FIGURE 4" captionStartId-0="2.[151,250,1613,1637]" captionStartId-1="3.[151,250,1942,1966]" captionStartId-2="4.[151,250,1866,1890]" captionStartId-3="5.[151,250,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,548,1587]" captionTargetBox-1="[164,1423,273,1919]" captionTargetBox-2="[151,1435,501,1843]" captionTargetBox-3="[242,1357,252,1882]" captionTargetId-0="figure-104@2.[151,1436,548,1587]" captionTargetId-1="figure-59@3.[164,1423,273,1919]" captionTargetId-2="figure-161@4.[151,1435,453,1843]" captionTargetId-3="figure-17@5.[191,1396,181,1885]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="3" captionTargetPageId-2="4" captionTargetPageId-3="5" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Propyrgodesmus bulbogonopus sp. nov., habitus. A, C. Holotype ♂ (CATE-5503A), dorsal and ventral views, respectively. B. Female paratype (CATE-5503C), dorsal view. Scale bar: 1 mm." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Propyrgodesmus bulbogonopus sp. nov., paratype ♂ (CATE-5503B). A, B. Anterior part of body, ventral and dorsal views, respectively. C. Right antenna, anterior view. D–F. Posterior part of body, ventral, dorsal and lateral views, respectively. G. Right midbody leg, anterior view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A, B, E), 0.4 mm (D), 0.2 mm (C), 0.1 mm (F, G)." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Propyrgodesmus bulbogonopus sp. nov., paratype ♂ (CATE-5503B). A. Left gonopod, posterior view. B. Right gonopod, anterior view. C, D. Both gonopods, posterior and anterior views, respectively. Abbreviations: b: medial branch; cx: coxite; h: hook like structure of telopodite; sph: solenophore; sl: solenomere. Scale bar: 0.2 mm (for C and D). A, B not to scale." captionText-3="FIGURE 4. Propyrgodesmus spp. A–C. Propyrgodesmus lobulatus Silvestri, 1920, holotype ♀ after Silvestri (1920). A, B. Anterior and posterior parts of the body, dorsal and lateral views, respectively. C. Right antenna, anterior view. D–F. Propyrgodesmus frater Carl, 1932 syntype ♂, after Carl (1932). D, E. Gonopods, anterior and posterior views, respectively. F. Antenna. G. Propyrgodesmus bulbogonopus sp. nov., holotype ♂ (CATE-5503A), right antenna, anterior view. Not to scale." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6375448" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6375450" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6375452" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6375454" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/6375448/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/6375450/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/6375452/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/6375454/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">Figs 1–4</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D5B365464D7B2F33FCC1FE887D995E6C" pageId="2" pageNumber="593" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="9D1636CD4D7B2F33FCC1FE8878945DC0" blockId="2.[151,1436,320,527]" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">
<emphasis id="AFDDEADF4D7B2F33FCC1FE8878EE5D38" bold="true" box="[151,386,320,346]" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">Material examined.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="2DC13C904D7B2F33FDDCFE8978945DC0" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3712376302" collectingDate="2021-08-10" collectorName="M. D. Aswathy" country="India" county="Muchukunnu" elevation="9" latitude="11.495" location="Sacred" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="75.665276" municipality="Kottayil Siva Kshethram" pageId="2" pageNumber="593" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Kerala" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="AFDDEADF4D7B2F33FDDCFE89789B5D39" bold="true" box="[394,503,321,347]" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">
<typeStatus id="4212886F4D7B2F33FDDCFE89789B5D39" box="[394,503,321,347]" pageId="2" pageNumber="593" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
<specimenCount id="8BAFFD444D7B2F33FE56FE897B795D39" box="[512,533,321,347]" pageId="2" pageNumber="593" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
(CATE-5503A),
<location id="987660164D7B2F33FE8DFE887A4B5D38" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:150087DB4D7B2F37FCC1FF117CF05B9B:987660164D7B2F33FE8DFE887A4B5D38" box="[731,807,320,346]" country="India" county="Muchukunnu" latitude="11.495" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="75.665276" municipality="Kottayil Siva Kshethram" name="Sacred" pageId="2" pageNumber="593" stateProvince="Kerala">Sacred</location>
groves of
<collectingMunicipality id="7D72ACB74D7B2F33FFF5FE887DD35D38" box="[931,1215,320,346]" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">Kottayil Siva Kshethram</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingCounty id="74774E414D7B2F33F89AFE887C085D38" box="[1228,1380,320,346]" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">Muchukunnu</collectingCounty>
, Kozhikode district,
<collectingRegion id="5F6DF82F4D7B2F33FD03FEAC78CE5D1C" box="[341,418,356,382]" country="India" name="Kerala" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">Kerala</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="E5BE765D4D7B2F33FDF9FEAC78855D1C" box="[431,489,356,382]" name="India" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">India</collectingCountry>
<geoCoordinate id="F89D500A4D7B2F33FDA6FEAD7B135D1D" box="[496,639,357,383]" degrees="11" direction="north" minutes="29" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="593" precision="15" seconds="42" value="11.495">11°29’42’’N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="F89D500A4D7B2F33FEDAFEAC7A745D1D" box="[652,792,356,383]" degrees="75" direction="east" minutes="39" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="593" precision="15" seconds="55" value="75.665276">75°39’55’’E</geoCoordinate>
,
<elevation id="1684D1FE4D7B2F33FF73FEAD7AE35D1C" box="[805,911,356,383]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="593" unit="m" value="9.0">
<quantity id="5A519B284D7B2F33FF73FEAD7A3D5D1D" box="[805,849,357,383]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="593" unit="m" value="9.0">9 m</quantity>
a.s.l.
</elevation>
, collected from rotting wood, hand collection,
<date id="E917100D4D7B2F33FCC1FE41787B5DC1" box="[151,279,393,419]" pageId="2" pageNumber="593" value="2021-08-10">
<collectingDate id="F953E9E54D7B2F33FCC1FE41787B5DC1" box="[151,279,393,419]" pageId="2" pageNumber="593" value="2021-08-10">08.10.2021</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="305C531B4D7B2F33FD75FE4178A45DC0" box="[291,456,392,419]" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">M.D. Aswathy</collectorName>
leg.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D1636CD4D7B2F33FC91FE657A7D5D88" blockId="2.[151,1436,320,527]" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">
<emphasis id="AFDDEADF4D7B2F33FC91FE6578245DA5" bold="true" box="[199,328,429,455]" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">
<typeStatus id="4212886F4D7B2F33FC91FE65782F5DA5" box="[199,323,429,455]" pageId="2" pageNumber="593" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
:
</emphasis>
<specimenCount id="8BAFFD444D7B2F33FD19FE6578155DA5" box="[335,377,429,455]" pageId="2" pageNumber="593" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
(CATE-5503B),
<specimenCount id="8BAFFD444D7B2F33FE6CFE657B155DA5" box="[570,633,429,455]" pageId="2" pageNumber="593" type="female">2 ♀♀</specimenCount>
(CATE-5503C, D),
<materialsCitation id="2DC13C904D7B2F33FF0AFE657A625D88" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3712376301" pageId="2" pageNumber="593" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-female="3" typeStatus="holotype">
<specimenCount id="8BAFFD444D7B2F33FF0AFE657AF65DA5" box="[860,922,429,455]" pageId="2" pageNumber="593" type="female">3 ♀♀</specimenCount>
juveniles (CATE-5503E, F, G), same locality, hand-collected together with
<typeStatus id="4212886F4D7B2F33FD89FE187B285D88" box="[479,580,464,490]" pageId="2" pageNumber="593" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, but from top soil
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D1636CD4D7B2F33FC91FE3D7D995E6C" blockId="2.[151,1436,320,527]" box="[199,1269,500,527]" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">
<emphasis id="AFDDEADF4D7B2F33FC91FE3D78785E6D" bold="true" box="[199,276,501,527]" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">Name.</emphasis>
To emphasize the bulbous appearance of the medial branch of the gonopodal telopodite.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="C9D666454D7B2F33FCC1F9857AAB5AEB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6375448" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6375448" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6375448/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="593" startId="2.[151,250,1613,1637]" targetBox="[151,1436,548,1587]" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph id="9D1636CD4D7B2F33FCC1F9857AAB5AEB" blockId="2.[151,1436,1613,1674]" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">
<emphasis id="AFDDEADF4D7B2F33FCC1F985787A5A07" bold="true" box="[151,278,1613,1637]" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="5AA94D4E4D7B2F33FD48F9857B0D5A07" authority="Aswathy &amp; Sudhikumar, 2022" authorityName="Aswathy &amp; Sudhikumar" authorityYear="2022" box="[286,609,1613,1637]" class="Diplopoda" family="Pyrgodesmidae" genus="Propyrgodesmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="2" pageNumber="593" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bulbogonopus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="AFDDEADF4D7B2F33FD48F9857B0D5A07" box="[286,609,1613,1637]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">Propyrgodesmus bulbogonopus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="AFDDEADF4D7B2F33FE3CF9857BD15A07" bold="true" box="[618,701,1613,1637]" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B4EE57A44D7B2F33FE3CF9857BD15A07" box="[618,701,1613,1637]" pageId="2" pageNumber="593" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, habitus.
<emphasis id="AFDDEADF4D7B2F33FF73F9857A335A07" bold="true" box="[805,863,1613,1637]" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">A, C.</emphasis>
Holotype ♂ (CATE-5503A), dorsal and ventral views, respectively.
<emphasis id="AFDDEADF4D7B2F33FD4BF9B978585AEB" bold="true" box="[285,308,1649,1673]" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">B.</emphasis>
Female paratype (CATE-5503C), dorsal view.
<emphasis id="AFDDEADF4D7B2F33FF44F9B97A135AEB" bold="true" box="[786,895,1649,1673]" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">Scale bar:</emphasis>
1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="D5B365464D7B2F33FC91F97F7A5A5BCB" pageId="2" pageNumber="593" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="9D1636CD4D7B2F33FC91F97F7A5A5BCB" blockId="2.[151,1437,1719,2034]" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">
<emphasis id="AFDDEADF4D7B2F33FC91F97F782E5AB3" bold="true" box="[199,322,1719,1745]" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
When comparing to
<emphasis id="AFDDEADF4D7B2F33FE78F9707BD55AB3" box="[558,697,1719,1745]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">
<taxonomicName id="5AA94D4E4D7B2F33FE78F9707BD95AB3" authorityName="Silvestri" authorityYear="1920" box="[558,693,1719,1745]" class="Diplopoda" family="Pyrgodesmidae" genus="Propyrgodesmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="2" pageNumber="593" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lobulatus">P. lobulatus</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
the new species shows major differences in the tergal ornamentation by having most paraterga only vaguely trilobulate laterally (
<figureCitation id="05922A484D7B2F33FF33F9137AB75A94" box="[869,987,1755,1782]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1942,1966]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,273,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-59@3.[164,1423,273,1919]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Propyrgodesmus bulbogonopus sp. nov., paratype ♂ (CATE-5503B). A, B. Anterior part of body, ventral and dorsal views, respectively. C. Right antenna, anterior view. D–F. Posterior part of body, ventral, dorsal and lateral views, respectively. G. Right midbody leg, anterior view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A, B, E), 0.4 mm (D), 0.2 mm (C), 0.1 mm (F, G)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6375450" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6375450/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">Fig. 2B, E</figureCitation>
),
<emphasis id="AFDDEADF4D7B2F33FFB9F9147D6A5A97" box="[1007,1030,1756,1781]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">vs</emphasis>
clearly trilobate (
<figureCitation id="05922A484D7B2F33F89DF9137C2E5A94" box="[1227,1346,1755,1782]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[242,1357,252,1882]" captionTargetId="figure-17@5.[191,1396,181,1885]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Propyrgodesmus spp. A–C. Propyrgodesmus lobulatus Silvestri, 1920, holotype ♀ after Silvestri (1920). A, B. Anterior and posterior parts of the body, dorsal and lateral views, respectively. C. Right antenna, anterior view. D–F. Propyrgodesmus frater Carl, 1932 syntype ♂, after Carl (1932). D, E. Gonopods, anterior and posterior views, respectively. F. Antenna. G. Propyrgodesmus bulbogonopus sp. nov., holotype ♂ (CATE-5503A), right antenna, anterior view. Not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6375454" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6375454/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">Fig. 4A, B</figureCitation>
) and by the presence of a ventral cone on antennomere 4 bearing a long sensillum trichodeum (
<figureCitation id="05922A484D7B2F33F823F9377DBE5B78" box="[1141,1234,1791,1818]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1942,1966]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,273,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-59@3.[164,1423,273,1919]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Propyrgodesmus bulbogonopus sp. nov., paratype ♂ (CATE-5503B). A, B. Anterior part of body, ventral and dorsal views, respectively. C. Right antenna, anterior view. D–F. Posterior part of body, ventral, dorsal and lateral views, respectively. G. Right midbody leg, anterior view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A, B, E), 0.4 mm (D), 0.2 mm (C), 0.1 mm (F, G)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6375450" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6375450/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">Figs 2C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="05922A484D7B2F33F889F8C87C685B78" box="[1247,1284,1792,1818]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[242,1357,252,1882]" captionTargetId="figure-17@5.[191,1396,181,1885]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Propyrgodesmus spp. A–C. Propyrgodesmus lobulatus Silvestri, 1920, holotype ♀ after Silvestri (1920). A, B. Anterior and posterior parts of the body, dorsal and lateral views, respectively. C. Right antenna, anterior view. D–F. Propyrgodesmus frater Carl, 1932 syntype ♂, after Carl (1932). D, E. Gonopods, anterior and posterior views, respectively. F. Antenna. G. Propyrgodesmus bulbogonopus sp. nov., holotype ♂ (CATE-5503A), right antenna, anterior view. Not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6375454" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6375454/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">4G</figureCitation>
),
<emphasis id="AFDDEADF4D7B2F33F94CF8C87C5D5B7B" box="[1306,1329,1792,1817]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">vs</emphasis>
a ventral cone on antennomere 4 absent (
<figureCitation id="05922A484D7B2F33FE50F8EB7B0D5B5C" box="[518,609,1827,1854]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[242,1357,252,1882]" captionTargetId="figure-17@5.[191,1396,181,1885]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Propyrgodesmus spp. A–C. Propyrgodesmus lobulatus Silvestri, 1920, holotype ♀ after Silvestri (1920). A, B. Anterior and posterior parts of the body, dorsal and lateral views, respectively. C. Right antenna, anterior view. D–F. Propyrgodesmus frater Carl, 1932 syntype ♂, after Carl (1932). D, E. Gonopods, anterior and posterior views, respectively. F. Antenna. G. Propyrgodesmus bulbogonopus sp. nov., holotype ♂ (CATE-5503A), right antenna, anterior view. Not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6375454" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6375454/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">Fig. 4C</figureCitation>
). On the contrary, the new species shows some similarities to the tergal ornamentation of
<taxonomicName id="5AA94D4E4D7B2F33FD34F88078D35B03" authorityName="Carl" authorityYear="1932" box="[354,447,1863,1889]" class="Diplopoda" family="Pyrgodesmidae" genus="Propyrgodesmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="2" pageNumber="593" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frater">
<emphasis id="AFDDEADF4D7B2F33FD34F88078D35B03" box="[354,447,1863,1889]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">P. frater</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but differs significantly in the biramous gonopod with a bulbous lateral branch of the telopodite (
<figureCitation id="05922A484D7B2F33FD40F8A378E15BE4" box="[278,397,1899,1926]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1866,1890]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,501,1843]" captionTargetId="figure-161@4.[151,1435,453,1843]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Propyrgodesmus bulbogonopus sp. nov., paratype ♂ (CATE-5503B). A. Left gonopod, posterior view. B. Right gonopod, anterior view. C, D. Both gonopods, posterior and anterior views, respectively. Abbreviations: b: medial branch; cx: coxite; h: hook like structure of telopodite; sph: solenophore; sl: solenomere. Scale bar: 0.2 mm (for C and D). A, B not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6375452" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6375452/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">Fig. 3A, B</figureCitation>
)
<emphasis id="AFDDEADF4D7B2F33FDCAF8A478DF5BE7" box="[412,435,1900,1925]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">vs</emphasis>
with prong—and lobe-like structures on the main branch of the telopodite (
<figureCitation id="05922A484D7B2F33F8A9F8A37C145BE4" box="[1279,1400,1899,1926]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[242,1357,252,1882]" captionTargetId="figure-17@5.[191,1396,181,1885]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Propyrgodesmus spp. A–C. Propyrgodesmus lobulatus Silvestri, 1920, holotype ♀ after Silvestri (1920). A, B. Anterior and posterior parts of the body, dorsal and lateral views, respectively. C. Right antenna, anterior view. D–F. Propyrgodesmus frater Carl, 1932 syntype ♂, after Carl (1932). D, E. Gonopods, anterior and posterior views, respectively. F. Antenna. G. Propyrgodesmus bulbogonopus sp. nov., holotype ♂ (CATE-5503A), right antenna, anterior view. Not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6375454" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6375454/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">Fig. 4D, E</figureCitation>
). A key to all three existing species of the genus is given below.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D5B365464D7B2F37FC91F87B7D0C5B05" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="597" pageId="2" pageNumber="593" type="description">
<paragraph id="9D1636CD4D7B2F32FC91F87B7BBE5C9B" blockId="2.[151,1437,1719,2034]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1437,150,249]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="594" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">
<emphasis id="AFDDEADF4D7B2F33FC91F87B783D5BAF" bold="true" box="[199,337,1971,1997]" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">Description</emphasis>
.
<typeStatus id="4212886F4D7B2F33FD09F87B78AB5BAF" box="[351,455,1971,1997]" pageId="2" pageNumber="593" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
ca
<quantity id="5A519B284D7B2F33FDBAF87B7B2D5BAC" box="[492,577,1971,1998]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.6" pageId="2" pageNumber="593" unit="mm" value="7.6">7.6 mm</quantity>
long, width of mid-body pro—and metazonae 0.78 and
<quantity id="5A519B284D7B2F33F8F8F87B7C695BAC" box="[1198,1285,1971,1998]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="593" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
, respectively. Male
<typeStatus id="4212886F4D7B2F33FC8EF81078545B90" box="[216,312,2008,2034]" pageId="2" pageNumber="593" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
ca
<quantity id="5A519B284D7B2F33FD09F81F78D45B90" box="[351,440,2007,2034]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="593" unit="mm" value="7.5">7.5 mm</quantity>
, width of pro—and metazonae 0.78 and
<quantity id="5A519B284D7B2F33FFD7F81F7AB55B90" box="[897,985,2007,2034]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="593" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
, respectively. Adult female
<typeStatus id="4212886F4D7B2F33F947F8107C105B90" box="[1297,1404,2008,2034]" pageId="2" pageNumber="593" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
ca 7.5 and
<quantity id="5A519B284D7A2F32FCA4FF5F78585CD3" box="[242,308,151,177]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="594" unit="mm" value="9.0">9 mm</quantity>
long, width of pro—and metazonae 0.76–0.85 and
<quantity id="5A519B284D7A2F32FF2BFF5E7D6B5CD3" box="[893,1031,150,177]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.55" metricValueMax="1.6" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="594" unit="mm" value="1.55" valueMax="1.6" valueMin="1.5">1.5–1.6 mm</quantity>
, respectively. Live colouration dark brown, dorsum encrusted with soil particles; antennae, legs and venter pale whitish (
<figureCitation id="05922A484D7A2F32F800FF737DBD5CB7" box="[1110,1233,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1613,1637]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,548,1587]" captionTargetId="figure-104@2.[151,1436,548,1587]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Propyrgodesmus bulbogonopus sp. nov., habitus. A, C. Holotype ♂ (CATE-5503A), dorsal and ventral views, respectively. B. Female paratype (CATE-5503C), dorsal view. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6375448" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6375448/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="594">Fig. 1A, B</figureCitation>
). Both vertex and frons light brown, clypeolabrum whitish (
<figureCitation id="05922A484D7A2F32FE3CFF177BA95C9B" box="[618,709,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1942,1966]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,273,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-59@3.[164,1423,273,1919]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Propyrgodesmus bulbogonopus sp. nov., paratype ♂ (CATE-5503B). A, B. Anterior part of body, ventral and dorsal views, respectively. C. Right antenna, anterior view. D–F. Posterior part of body, ventral, dorsal and lateral views, respectively. G. Right midbody leg, anterior view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A, B, E), 0.4 mm (D), 0.2 mm (C), 0.1 mm (F, G)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6375450" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6375450/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="594">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="C9D666454D7A2F32FCC1F85E7D9D5B94" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6375450" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6375450" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6375450/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="594" startId="3.[151,250,1942,1966]" targetBox="[164,1423,273,1919]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="9D1636CD4D7A2F32FCC1F85E7D9D5B94" blockId="3.[151,1437,1942,2038]" pageId="3" pageNumber="594">
<emphasis id="AFDDEADF4D7A2F32FCC1F85E787E5BCC" bold="true" box="[151,274,1942,1966]" pageId="3" pageNumber="594">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="5AA94D4E4D7A2F32FD41F85E7B3A5BCC" authority="Aswathy &amp; Sudhikumar, 2022" authorityName="Aswathy &amp; Sudhikumar" authorityYear="2022" box="[279,598,1942,1966]" class="Diplopoda" family="Pyrgodesmidae" genus="Propyrgodesmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="3" pageNumber="594" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bulbogonopus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="AFDDEADF4D7A2F32FD41F85E7B3A5BCC" box="[279,598,1942,1966]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="594">Propyrgodesmus bulbogonopus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="AFDDEADF4D7A2F32FE0DF85E7BC65BCC" bold="true" box="[603,682,1942,1966]" pageId="3" pageNumber="594">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B4EE57A44D7A2F32FE0DF85E7BC65BCC" box="[603,682,1942,1966]" pageId="3" pageNumber="594" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, paratype ♂ (CATE-5503B).
<emphasis id="AFDDEADF4D7A2F32FF84F85E7D6B5BCC" bold="true" box="[978,1031,1942,1966]" pageId="3" pageNumber="594">A, B.</emphasis>
Anterior part of body, ventral and dorsal views, respectively.
<emphasis id="AFDDEADF4D7A2F32FD32F87278115BB0" bold="true" box="[356,381,1978,2002]" pageId="3" pageNumber="594">C.</emphasis>
Right antenna, anterior view.
<emphasis id="AFDDEADF4D7A2F32FEF8F8727B8C5BB0" bold="true" box="[686,736,1978,2002]" pageId="3" pageNumber="594">D–F.</emphasis>
Posterior part of body, ventral, dorsal and lateral views, respectively.
<emphasis id="AFDDEADF4D7A2F32FCC1F81679DD5B94" bold="true" box="[151,177,2014,2038]" pageId="3" pageNumber="594">G.</emphasis>
Right midbody leg, anterior view.
<emphasis id="AFDDEADF4D7A2F32FE42F8167BE75B94" bold="true" box="[532,651,2014,2038]" pageId="3" pageNumber="594">Scale bars:</emphasis>
0.5 mm (
<emphasis id="AFDDEADF4D7A2F32FEBBF8167A575B94" bold="true" box="[749,827,2014,2038]" pageId="3" pageNumber="594">A, B, E</emphasis>
), 0.4 mm (
<emphasis id="AFDDEADF4D7A2F32FFFAF8167AAA5B94" bold="true" box="[940,966,2014,2038]" pageId="3" pageNumber="594">D)</emphasis>
, 0.2 mm (
<emphasis id="AFDDEADF4D7A2F32F879F8167D265B94" bold="true" box="[1071,1098,2014,2038]" pageId="3" pageNumber="594">C)</emphasis>
, 0.1 mm (
<emphasis id="AFDDEADF4D7A2F32F8E5F8167DAE5B94" bold="true" box="[1203,1218,2014,2038]" pageId="3" pageNumber="594">F</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="AFDDEADF4D7A2F32F899F8167D8F5B94" bold="true" box="[1231,1251,2014,2038]" pageId="3" pageNumber="594">G</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="9D1636CD4D7D2F35FC91FF5F7D6E5DCF" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,429]" pageId="4" pageNumber="595">
Body broad due to large paraterga (
<figureCitation id="05922A484D7D2F35FE34FF5F7BD15CD3" box="[610,701,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1613,1637]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,548,1587]" captionTargetId="figure-104@2.[151,1436,548,1587]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Propyrgodesmus bulbogonopus sp. nov., habitus. A, C. Holotype ♂ (CATE-5503A), dorsal and ventral views, respectively. B. Female paratype (CATE-5503C), dorsal view. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6375448" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6375448/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="595">Fig. 1A</figureCitation>
), with 20 body rings in both sexes (
<figureCitation id="05922A484D7D2F35F837FF5F7DB35CD3" box="[1121,1247,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1613,1637]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,548,1587]" captionTargetId="figure-104@2.[151,1436,548,1587]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Propyrgodesmus bulbogonopus sp. nov., habitus. A, C. Holotype ♂ (CATE-5503A), dorsal and ventral views, respectively. B. Female paratype (CATE-5503C), dorsal view. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6375448" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6375448/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="595">Fig. 1A, B</figureCitation>
). In width, head &lt;&lt; collum ≤ 2 &lt;3–16, body tapering thereafter towards telson (
<figureCitation id="05922A484D7D2F35FF20FF737A985CB7" box="[886,1012,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1613,1637]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,548,1587]" captionTargetId="figure-104@2.[151,1436,548,1587]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Propyrgodesmus bulbogonopus sp. nov., habitus. A, C. Holotype ♂ (CATE-5503A), dorsal and ventral views, respectively. B. Female paratype (CATE-5503C), dorsal view. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6375448" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6375448/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="595">Fig. 1A–C</figureCitation>
). Head ovoid, slightly transverse and sparsely setose in clypeolabral region, granulate above antennal sockets either side of epicranial suture. Genae subquadrate and granulate. Interantennal isthmus twice as wide as diameter of antennal socket. Antenna short, weakly clavate, reaching up to body ring 3 when stretched ventrolaterally. In length, antennomere 7&lt;6&lt;1&lt;3&lt;4&lt;2&lt;&lt;5 (
<figureCitation id="05922A484D7D2F35F932FEEF79B05D07" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1942,1966]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,273,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-59@3.[164,1423,273,1919]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Propyrgodesmus bulbogonopus sp. nov., paratype ♂ (CATE-5503B). A, B. Anterior part of body, ventral and dorsal views, respectively. C. Right antenna, anterior view. D–F. Posterior part of body, ventral, dorsal and lateral views, respectively. G. Right midbody leg, anterior view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A, B, E), 0.4 mm (D), 0.2 mm (C), 0.1 mm (F, G)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6375450" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6375450/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="595">Figs. 2A, C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="05922A484D7D2F35FCB0FE8378615D07" box="[230,269,331,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[242,1357,252,1882]" captionTargetId="figure-17@5.[191,1396,181,1885]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Propyrgodesmus spp. A–C. Propyrgodesmus lobulatus Silvestri, 1920, holotype ♀ after Silvestri (1920). A, B. Anterior and posterior parts of the body, dorsal and lateral views, respectively. C. Right antenna, anterior view. D–F. Propyrgodesmus frater Carl, 1932 syntype ♂, after Carl (1932). D, E. Gonopods, anterior and posterior views, respectively. F. Antenna. G. Propyrgodesmus bulbogonopus sp. nov., holotype ♂ (CATE-5503A), right antenna, anterior view. Not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6375454" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6375454/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="595">4G</figureCitation>
). Dense and sharply delimited fields of sensilla basiconica located distodorsaly on antennomeres 5 and 6. Sensory field of 5
<superScript id="6ADC9B854D7D2F35FD0DFEA678045D1E" attach="left" box="[347,360,366,380]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="595">th</superScript>
antennomere not extending up to base of long sensillum trichodeum.Antennomere 4 with ventral sensillum trichodeum borne on a small, but evident cone/hump (
<figureCitation id="05922A484D7D2F35FF31FE5B7AAF5DCF" box="[871,963,403,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1942,1966]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,273,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-59@3.[164,1423,273,1919]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Propyrgodesmus bulbogonopus sp. nov., paratype ♂ (CATE-5503B). A, B. Anterior part of body, ventral and dorsal views, respectively. C. Right antenna, anterior view. D–F. Posterior part of body, ventral, dorsal and lateral views, respectively. G. Right midbody leg, anterior view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A, B, E), 0.4 mm (D), 0.2 mm (C), 0.1 mm (F, G)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6375450" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6375450/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="595">Figs 2C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="05922A484D7D2F35FF99FE5B7A995DCF" box="[975,1013,403,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[242,1357,252,1882]" captionTargetId="figure-17@5.[191,1396,181,1885]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Propyrgodesmus spp. A–C. Propyrgodesmus lobulatus Silvestri, 1920, holotype ♀ after Silvestri (1920). A, B. Anterior and posterior parts of the body, dorsal and lateral views, respectively. C. Right antenna, anterior view. D–F. Propyrgodesmus frater Carl, 1932 syntype ♂, after Carl (1932). D, E. Gonopods, anterior and posterior views, respectively. F. Antenna. G. Propyrgodesmus bulbogonopus sp. nov., holotype ♂ (CATE-5503A), right antenna, anterior view. Not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6375454" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6375454/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="595">4G</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="C9D666454D7D2F35FCC1F88279BD5BAC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6375452" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6375452" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6375452/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="595" startId="4.[151,250,1866,1890]" targetBox="[151,1435,501,1843]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="9D1636CD4D7D2F35FCC1F88279BD5BAC" blockId="4.[151,1436,1866,1998]" pageId="4" pageNumber="595">
<emphasis id="AFDDEADF4D7D2F35FCC1F88278635B00" bold="true" box="[151,271,1866,1890]" pageId="4" pageNumber="595">FIGURE 3</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="5AA94D4E4D7D2F35FD4BF8827B325B00" authority="Aswathy &amp; Sudhikumar, 2022" authorityName="Aswathy &amp; Sudhikumar" authorityYear="2022" box="[285,606,1866,1890]" class="Diplopoda" family="Pyrgodesmidae" genus="Propyrgodesmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="4" pageNumber="595" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bulbogonopus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="AFDDEADF4D7D2F35FD4BF8827B325B00" box="[285,606,1866,1890]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="595">Propyrgodesmus bulbogonopus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="AFDDEADF4D7D2F35FE30F8827BD45B00" bold="true" box="[614,696,1866,1890]" pageId="4" pageNumber="595">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B4EE57A44D7D2F35FE30F8827BD45B00" box="[614,696,1866,1890]" pageId="4" pageNumber="595" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, paratype ♂ (CATE-5503B).
<emphasis id="AFDDEADF4D7D2F35FFBDF8827D685B00" bold="true" box="[1003,1028,1866,1890]" pageId="4" pageNumber="595">A.</emphasis>
Left gonopod, posterior view.
<emphasis id="AFDDEADF4D7D2F35F913F8827C305B00" bold="true" box="[1349,1372,1866,1890]" pageId="4" pageNumber="595">B.</emphasis>
Right gonopod, anterior view.
<emphasis id="AFDDEADF4D7D2F35FDDBF8A678A85BE4" bold="true" box="[397,452,1902,1926]" pageId="4" pageNumber="595">C, D.</emphasis>
Both gonopods, posterior and anterior views, respectively.
<emphasis id="AFDDEADF4D7D2F35F84DF8A67DB55BE4" bold="true" box="[1051,1241,1902,1926]" pageId="4" pageNumber="595">Abbreviations: b:</emphasis>
medial branch;
<emphasis id="AFDDEADF4D7D2F35F92AF8A67CF05BE4" bold="true" box="[1404,1436,1902,1926]" pageId="4" pageNumber="595">cx:</emphasis>
coxite;
<emphasis id="AFDDEADF4D7D2F35FCB2F85A799E5BC8" bold="true" box="[228,242,1938,1962]" pageId="4" pageNumber="595">h</emphasis>
: hook like structure of telopodite;
<emphasis id="AFDDEADF4D7D2F35FE0CF85A7BE45BC8" bold="true" box="[602,648,1938,1962]" pageId="4" pageNumber="595">sph:</emphasis>
solenophore;
<emphasis id="AFDDEADF4D7D2F35FF4DF85A7A5F5BC8" bold="true" box="[795,819,1938,1962]" pageId="4" pageNumber="595">sl:</emphasis>
solenomere.
<emphasis id="AFDDEADF4D7D2F35FFE8F85A7D415BC8" bold="true" box="[958,1069,1938,1962]" pageId="4" pageNumber="595">Scale bar:</emphasis>
0.2 mm (for
<emphasis id="AFDDEADF4D7D2F35F8EFF85A7DA75BC8" bold="true" box="[1209,1227,1938,1962]" pageId="4" pageNumber="595">C</emphasis>
and
<emphasis id="AFDDEADF4D7D2F35F8A9F85A7C7D5BC8" bold="true" box="[1279,1297,1938,1962]" pageId="4" pageNumber="595">D</emphasis>
).
<emphasis id="AFDDEADF4D7D2F35F97EF85A7C355BC8" bold="true" box="[1320,1369,1938,1962]" pageId="4" pageNumber="595">A, B</emphasis>
not to scale.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="C9D666454D7C2F34FCC1F8BD7C6D5B9B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6375454" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6375454" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6375454/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="596" startId="5.[151,250,1909,1933]" targetBox="[242,1357,252,1882]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="9D1636CD4D7C2F34FCC1F8BD7C6D5B9B" blockId="5.[151,1436,1909,2041]" pageId="5" pageNumber="596">
<emphasis id="AFDDEADF4D7C2F34FCC1F8BD787E5BEF" bold="true" box="[151,274,1909,1933]" pageId="5" pageNumber="596">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="5AA94D4E4D7C2F34FD4EF8BD7B665BEF" box="[280,522,1909,1933]" class="Diplopoda" family="Pyrgodesmidae" genus="Propyrgodesmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="5" pageNumber="596" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undefined-a">
<emphasis id="AFDDEADF4D7C2F34FD4EF8BD78AE5BEF" box="[280,450,1909,1933]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="596">Propyrgodesmus</emphasis>
spp.
<emphasis id="AFDDEADF4D7C2F34FDA1F8BD7B665BEF" bold="true" box="[503,522,1909,1933]" pageId="5" pageNumber="596">A</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="AFDDEADF4D7C2F34FE5CF8BD7B435BEF" bold="true" box="[522,559,1909,1933]" pageId="5" pageNumber="596">–C.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="5AA94D4E4D7C2F34FE62F8BD7AB15BEF" authority="Silvestri, 1920" authorityName="Silvestri" authorityYear="1920" box="[564,989,1909,1933]" class="Diplopoda" family="Pyrgodesmidae" genus="Propyrgodesmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="5" pageNumber="596" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lobulatus">
<emphasis id="AFDDEADF4D7C2F34FE62F8BD7A2D5BEF" box="[564,833,1909,1933]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="596">Propyrgodesmus lobulatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="F9384B3C4D7C2F34FF11F8BD7AB15BEF" author="Silvestri, F." box="[839,989,1909,1933]" pageId="5" pageNumber="596" pagination="117 - 135" refId="ref4139" refString="Silvestri, F. (1920) Descriptions of some Oriental Diplopoda Polydesmoidea of the subfamily Pyrgodesminae. Records of the Indian Museum, 19 (4), 117 - 135." type="journal article" year="1920">Silvestri, 1920</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, holotype ♀ after
<bibRefCitation id="F9384B3C4D7C2F34F8C7F8BD7C5F5BEF" author="Silvestri, F." box="[1169,1331,1909,1933]" pageId="5" pageNumber="596" pagination="117 - 135" refId="ref4139" refString="Silvestri, F. (1920) Descriptions of some Oriental Diplopoda Polydesmoidea of the subfamily Pyrgodesminae. Records of the Indian Museum, 19 (4), 117 - 135." type="journal article" year="1920">Silvestri (1920)</bibRefCitation>
.
<emphasis id="AFDDEADF4D7C2F34F96DF8BD7C1C5BEF" bold="true" box="[1339,1392,1909,1933]" pageId="5" pageNumber="596">A, B.</emphasis>
Anterior and posterior parts of the body, dorsal and lateral views, respectively.
<emphasis id="AFDDEADF4D7C2F34FFC4F8517AC75BD3" bold="true" box="[914,939,1945,1969]" pageId="5" pageNumber="596">C.</emphasis>
Right antenna, anterior view.
<emphasis id="AFDDEADF4D7C2F34F88CF8517C605BD3" bold="true" box="[1242,1292,1945,1969]" pageId="5" pageNumber="596">D–F.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="5AA94D4E4D7C2F34F945F851781E5BB7" authority="Carl, 1932" authorityName="Carl" authorityYear="1932" class="Diplopoda" family="Pyrgodesmidae" genus="Propyrgodesmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="5" pageNumber="596" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frater">
<emphasis id="AFDDEADF4D7C2F34F945F851786D5BB7" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="596">Propyrgodesmus frater</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="F9384B3C4D7C2F34FD51F875781E5BB7" author="Carl, J." box="[263,370,1981,2005]" pageId="5" pageNumber="596" pagination="411 - 529" refId="ref3654" refString="Carl, J. (1932) Diplopoden aus Sud-Indien und Ceylon. 1. Teil. Polydesmoidea. Revue suisse de Zoologie, 39 (17), 411 - 529. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 118948" type="journal article" year="1932">Carl, 1932</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
syntype ♂, after
<bibRefCitation id="F9384B3C4D7C2F34FE74F8757BF05BB7" author="Carl, J." box="[546,668,1981,2005]" pageId="5" pageNumber="596" pagination="411 - 529" refId="ref3654" refString="Carl, J. (1932) Diplopoden aus Sud-Indien und Ceylon. 1. Teil. Polydesmoidea. Revue suisse de Zoologie, 39 (17), 411 - 529. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 118948" type="journal article" year="1932">Carl (1932)</bibRefCitation>
.
<emphasis id="AFDDEADF4D7C2F34FEF3F8757BB75BB7" bold="true" box="[677,731,1981,2005]" pageId="5" pageNumber="596">D, E.</emphasis>
Gonopods, anterior and posterior views, respectively.
<emphasis id="AFDDEADF4D7C2F34F953F8757C755BB7" bold="true" box="[1285,1305,1981,2005]" pageId="5" pageNumber="596">F.</emphasis>
Antenna.
<emphasis id="AFDDEADF4D7C2F34F9D4F8757CF05BB7" bold="true" box="[1410,1436,1981,2005]" pageId="5" pageNumber="596">G.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="5AA94D4E4D7C2F34FCC1F82978BB5B9B" authority="Aswathy &amp; Sudhikumar, 2022" authorityName="Aswathy &amp; Sudhikumar" authorityYear="2022" box="[151,471,2017,2041]" class="Diplopoda" family="Pyrgodesmidae" genus="Propyrgodesmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="5" pageNumber="596" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bulbogonopus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="AFDDEADF4D7C2F34FCC1F82978BB5B9B" box="[151,471,2017,2041]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="596">Propyrgodesmus bulbogonopus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="AFDDEADF4D7C2F34FD8BF8297B425B9B" bold="true" box="[477,558,2017,2041]" pageId="5" pageNumber="596">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B4EE57A44D7C2F34FD8BF8297B425B9B" box="[477,558,2017,2041]" pageId="5" pageNumber="596" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, holotype ♂ (CATE-5503A), right antenna, anterior view. Not to scale.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="C9D666454D7F2F37FCC1FBD07A0B5852" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6375456" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6375456" box="[151,871,1048,1072]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6375456/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="597" startId="6.[151,250,1048,1072]" targetBox="[218,1370,181,1024]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="9D1636CD4D7F2F37FCC1FBD07A0B5852" blockId="6.[151,871,1048,1072]" box="[151,871,1048,1072]" pageId="6" pageNumber="597">
<emphasis id="AFDDEADF4D7F2F37FCC1FBD0787F5852" bold="true" box="[151,275,1048,1072]" pageId="6" pageNumber="597">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
Distribution of the genus
<taxonomicName id="5AA94D4E4D7F2F37FE4AFBD07A085852" authority="Silvestri, 1920" authorityName="Silvestri" authorityYear="1920" box="[540,868,1048,1072]" class="Diplopoda" family="Pyrgodesmidae" genus="Propyrgodesmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="6" pageNumber="597" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AFDDEADF4D7F2F37FE4AFBD07BAA5852" box="[540,710,1048,1072]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="597">Propyrgodesmus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="F9384B3C4D7F2F37FE9AFBD07A085852" author="Silvestri, F." box="[716,868,1048,1072]" pageId="6" pageNumber="597" pagination="117 - 135" refId="ref4139" refString="Silvestri, F. (1920) Descriptions of some Oriental Diplopoda Polydesmoidea of the subfamily Pyrgodesminae. Records of the Indian Museum, 19 (4), 117 - 135." type="journal article" year="1920">Silvestri, 1920</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="9D1636CD4D7F2F37FC91FB9678DF5A67" blockId="6.[151,1437,1118,1829]" pageId="6" pageNumber="597">
Collum flabellate (
<figureCitation id="05922A484D7F2F37FDCDFB967B7B581B" box="[411,535,1118,1145]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1942,1966]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,273,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-59@3.[164,1423,273,1919]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Propyrgodesmus bulbogonopus sp. nov., paratype ♂ (CATE-5503B). A, B. Anterior part of body, ventral and dorsal views, respectively. C. Right antenna, anterior view. D–F. Posterior part of body, ventral, dorsal and lateral views, respectively. G. Right midbody leg, anterior view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A, B, E), 0.4 mm (D), 0.2 mm (C), 0.1 mm (F, G)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6375450" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6375450/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="597">Fig. 2A, B</figureCitation>
), completely covering the head from above, fore margin with 5+5 distinct, subequal, faintly incised, rounded lobulations, middle with 4+4 distinct tubercles (
<figureCitation id="05922A484D7F2F37F847FB4A7D0658FE" box="[1041,1130,1154,1180]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1942,1966]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,273,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-59@3.[164,1423,273,1919]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Propyrgodesmus bulbogonopus sp. nov., paratype ♂ (CATE-5503B). A, B. Anterior part of body, ventral and dorsal views, respectively. C. Right antenna, anterior view. D–F. Posterior part of body, ventral, dorsal and lateral views, respectively. G. Right midbody leg, anterior view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A, B, E), 0.4 mm (D), 0.2 mm (C), 0.1 mm (F, G)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6375450" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6375450/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="597">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
). Dorsum strongly convex, paraterga lying below mid-body height, moderately sloping down at about 20–25°. Tegument covered with a microspiculate cerotegument. Postcollum paraterga thick and rather indistinctly lobulated laterally (
<figureCitation id="05922A484D7F2F37F88EFB027C3C5887" box="[1240,1360,1226,1253]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1942,1966]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,273,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-59@3.[164,1423,273,1919]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Propyrgodesmus bulbogonopus sp. nov., paratype ♂ (CATE-5503B). A, B. Anterior part of body, ventral and dorsal views, respectively. C. Right antenna, anterior view. D–F. Posterior part of body, ventral, dorsal and lateral views, respectively. G. Right midbody leg, anterior view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A, B, E), 0.4 mm (D), 0.2 mm (C), 0.1 mm (F, G)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6375450" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6375450/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="597">Fig. 2B, E</figureCitation>
), three lobulations on 2
<superScript id="6ADC9B854D7F2F37FD1AFB267830589E" attach="left" box="[332,348,1262,1276]" fontSize="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="597">nd</superScript>
and pore-bearing rings,
<emphasis id="AFDDEADF4D7F2F37FE26FB277BEB596A" box="[624,647,1263,1288]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="597">vs</emphasis>
two lobes on poreless ones (
<figureCitation id="05922A484D7F2F37FF9DFB267D0C596B" box="[971,1120,1262,1289]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1942,1966]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,273,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-59@3.[164,1423,273,1919]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Propyrgodesmus bulbogonopus sp. nov., paratype ♂ (CATE-5503B). A, B. Anterior part of body, ventral and dorsal views, respectively. C. Right antenna, anterior view. D–F. Posterior part of body, ventral, dorsal and lateral views, respectively. G. Right midbody leg, anterior view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A, B, E), 0.4 mm (D), 0.2 mm (C), 0.1 mm (F, G)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6375450" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6375450/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="597">Fig. 2B, E, F</figureCitation>
). Pore formula: 5, 9, 12, 15, 17–19, ozopores borne on porosteles behind second lobulation of paraterga (
<figureCitation id="05922A484D7F2F37FFBAFADA7D2F594E" box="[1004,1091,1298,1324]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1942,1966]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,273,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-59@3.[164,1423,273,1919]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Propyrgodesmus bulbogonopus sp. nov., paratype ♂ (CATE-5503B). A, B. Anterior part of body, ventral and dorsal views, respectively. C. Right antenna, anterior view. D–F. Posterior part of body, ventral, dorsal and lateral views, respectively. G. Right midbody leg, anterior view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A, B, E), 0.4 mm (D), 0.2 mm (C), 0.1 mm (F, G)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6375450" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6375450/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="597">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
). All paraterga starting with 5
<superScript id="6ADC9B854D7F2F37F9C6FADA7CF15942" attach="none" box="[1424,1437,1298,1312]" fontSize="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="597">th</superScript>
directed caudad. Metaterga behind collum with 2+2 longitudinal rows of 3+3 larger and fused tubercles, those before ring 19 slightly inclined caudad. Paramedian tubercle on ring 19 abruptly modified to form an elongated ridge overhanging and concealing the epiproct (
<figureCitation id="05922A484D7F2F37FE2EFAB67BBE59FA" box="[632,722,1406,1432]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1942,1966]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,273,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-59@3.[164,1423,273,1919]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Propyrgodesmus bulbogonopus sp. nov., paratype ♂ (CATE-5503B). A, B. Anterior part of body, ventral and dorsal views, respectively. C. Right antenna, anterior view. D–F. Posterior part of body, ventral, dorsal and lateral views, respectively. G. Right midbody leg, anterior view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A, B, E), 0.4 mm (D), 0.2 mm (C), 0.1 mm (F, G)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6375450" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6375450/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="597">Fig. 2E</figureCitation>
). Epiproct directed ventrad, with four setae on top. Hypoproct triangular, caudal edge with two strong and well separated setae on knobs (
<figureCitation id="05922A484D7F2F37FFB6FA6A7D5759DE" box="[992,1083,1442,1468]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1942,1966]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,273,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-59@3.[164,1423,273,1919]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Propyrgodesmus bulbogonopus sp. nov., paratype ♂ (CATE-5503B). A, B. Anterior part of body, ventral and dorsal views, respectively. C. Right antenna, anterior view. D–F. Posterior part of body, ventral, dorsal and lateral views, respectively. G. Right midbody leg, anterior view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A, B, E), 0.4 mm (D), 0.2 mm (C), 0.1 mm (F, G)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6375450" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6375450/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="597">Fig. 2D</figureCitation>
). Legs with neither adenostyles nor tarsal brushes, short, stout and enlarged, femur the longest (
<figureCitation id="05922A484D7F2F37FF26FA0E7AA05982" box="[880,972,1478,1504]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1942,1966]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,273,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-59@3.[164,1423,273,1919]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Propyrgodesmus bulbogonopus sp. nov., paratype ♂ (CATE-5503B). A, B. Anterior part of body, ventral and dorsal views, respectively. C. Right antenna, anterior view. D–F. Posterior part of body, ventral, dorsal and lateral views, respectively. G. Right midbody leg, anterior view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A, B, E), 0.4 mm (D), 0.2 mm (C), 0.1 mm (F, G)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6375450" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6375450/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="597">Fig. 2G</figureCitation>
). In length, femur&gt; prefemur&gt; tarsus&gt; postfemur&gt; tibia&gt; coxa.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D1636CD4D7F2F37FC91F9C67C665B47" blockId="6.[151,1437,1118,1829]" pageId="6" pageNumber="597">
Gonopods taking up nearly entire ventral surface of metazonum 7, almost reaching the base of paraterga (
<figureCitation id="05922A484D7F2F37F939F9C679D15A2E" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1942,1966]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,273,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-59@3.[164,1423,273,1919]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Propyrgodesmus bulbogonopus sp. nov., paratype ♂ (CATE-5503B). A, B. Anterior part of body, ventral and dorsal views, respectively. C. Right antenna, anterior view. D–F. Posterior part of body, ventral, dorsal and lateral views, respectively. G. Right midbody leg, anterior view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A, B, E), 0.4 mm (D), 0.2 mm (C), 0.1 mm (F, G)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6375450" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6375450/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="597">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
). Gonopods relatively simple, placed inside a transversely oblong gonopodal aperture, with thin and slightly elevated caudal and lateral margins. Both gonopods held parallel to each other, strongly exposed, telopodite tips directed caudally. Coxites (
<emphasis id="AFDDEADF4D7F2F37FD91F9B2788D5AF6" bold="true" box="[455,481,1658,1684]" pageId="6" pageNumber="597">cx</emphasis>
) voluminous, transverse and microgranulate laterally (
<figureCitation id="05922A484D7F2F37F815F9B27DD75AF7" box="[1091,1211,1658,1685]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1866,1890]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,501,1843]" captionTargetId="figure-161@4.[151,1435,453,1843]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Propyrgodesmus bulbogonopus sp. nov., paratype ♂ (CATE-5503B). A. Left gonopod, posterior view. B. Right gonopod, anterior view. C, D. Both gonopods, posterior and anterior views, respectively. Abbreviations: b: medial branch; cx: coxite; h: hook like structure of telopodite; sph: solenophore; sl: solenomere. Scale bar: 0.2 mm (for C and D). A, B not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6375452" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6375452/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="597">Fig. 3A, B</figureCitation>
). Gonocoel distinct, but not too deep; telopodites short, simple, biramous and distally carrying a long, in situ caudally directed and slightly bifurcate lamina with fringed/microspiculate lamellae; solenomere
<emphasis id="AFDDEADF4D7F2F37FFB2F90A7D655ABE" bold="true" box="[996,1033,1730,1756]" pageId="6" pageNumber="597">(sl)</emphasis>
slender and barely exposed; medial branch (
<emphasis id="AFDDEADF4D7F2F37FCA3F92E78695B62" bold="true" box="[245,261,1766,1792]" pageId="6" pageNumber="597">b</emphasis>
) stalked, with a short bulbous structure emerging distolaterally (
<figureCitation id="05922A484D7F2F37FFB4F92E7D335B63" box="[994,1119,1766,1793]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1866,1890]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,501,1843]" captionTargetId="figure-161@4.[151,1435,453,1843]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Propyrgodesmus bulbogonopus sp. nov., paratype ♂ (CATE-5503B). A. Left gonopod, posterior view. B. Right gonopod, anterior view. C, D. Both gonopods, posterior and anterior views, respectively. Abbreviations: b: medial branch; cx: coxite; h: hook like structure of telopodite; sph: solenophore; sl: solenomere. Scale bar: 0.2 mm (for C and D). A, B not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6375452" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6375452/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="597">Fig. 3C, D</figureCitation>
). A laminar sheath covering the postfemoral part of telopodite with a caudally directed hook-shaped/unciform tip
<emphasis id="AFDDEADF4D7F2F37F807F8C27D185B46" bold="true" box="[1105,1140,1802,1828]" pageId="6" pageNumber="597">(h)</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="05922A484D7F2F37F8D5F8C27D905B47" box="[1155,1276,1802,1829]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1866,1890]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,501,1843]" captionTargetId="figure-161@4.[151,1435,453,1843]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Propyrgodesmus bulbogonopus sp. nov., paratype ♂ (CATE-5503B). A. Left gonopod, posterior view. B. Right gonopod, anterior view. C, D. Both gonopods, posterior and anterior views, respectively. Abbreviations: b: medial branch; cx: coxite; h: hook like structure of telopodite; sph: solenophore; sl: solenomere. Scale bar: 0.2 mm (for C and D). A, B not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6375452" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6375452/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="597">Fig. 3A, B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D1636CD4D7F2F37FCC1F8857D0C5B05" blockId="6.[151,1120,1869,1895]" box="[151,1120,1869,1895]" pageId="6" pageNumber="597">
The following key can be proposed to separate the known species of
<taxonomicName id="5AA94D4E4D7F2F37FFCAF8857D345B05" authorityName="Silvestri" authorityYear="1920" box="[924,1112,1869,1895]" class="Diplopoda" family="Pyrgodesmidae" genus="Propyrgodesmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="6" pageNumber="597" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AFDDEADF4D7F2F37FFCAF8857D345B05" box="[924,1112,1869,1895]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="597">Propyrgodesmus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
:
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D5B365464D7F2F37FCC1F8437CF05B9B" pageId="6" pageNumber="597" type="key">
<key id="E93861FC4D7F2F37FCC1F8437CF05B9B" pageId="6" pageNumber="597">
<keyStep id="265D2E684D7F2F37FCC1F8437CF05BDF" pageId="6" pageNumber="597">
<paragraph id="9D1636CD4D7F2F37FCC1F8437CF05BC2" blockId="6.[151,1437,1930,2041]" box="[151,1436,1930,1953]" pageId="6" pageNumber="597">
<keyLead id="265895F84D7F2F37FCC1F8437CF05BC2" box="[151,1436,1930,1953]" pageId="6" pageNumber="597">
1 Sensillum trichodeum of the 4
<superScript id="6ADC9B854D7F2F37FE52F8427B635BF4" attach="left" box="[516,527,1930,1942]" fontSize="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="597">th</superScript>
antennomere borne on a hump................................................. 2
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D1636CD4D7F2F37FCC1F8617CF05BDF" blockId="6.[151,1437,1930,2041]" box="[151,1436,1960,1982]" pageId="6" pageNumber="597">
<keyLead id="265895F84D7F2F37FCC1F8617CF05BDF" box="[151,1436,1960,1982]" pageId="6" pageNumber="597">
- Sensillum trichodeum of the 4
<superScript id="6ADC9B854D7F2F37FE52F8607B635BD6" attach="left" box="[516,527,1960,1972]" fontSize="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="597">th</superScript>
antennomere not on a hump...........................................
<taxonomicName id="5AA94D4E4D7F2F37F97DF8617CF05BDF" ID-CoL="789F9" authorityName="Silvestri" authorityYear="1920" box="[1323,1436,1960,1982]" class="Diplopoda" family="Pyrgodesmidae" genus="Propyrgodesmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="6" pageNumber="597" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lobulatus">
<emphasis id="AFDDEADF4D7F2F37F97DF8617CF05BDF" box="[1323,1436,1960,1982]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="597">P. lobulatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="265D2E684D7F2F37FCC1F80E7CF05B9B" pageId="6" pageNumber="597">
<paragraph id="9D1636CD4D7F2F37FCC1F80E7CF15BB9" blockId="6.[151,1437,1930,2041]" box="[151,1437,1990,2012]" pageId="6" pageNumber="597">
<keyLead id="265895F84D7F2F37FCC1F80E7CF15BB9" box="[151,1437,1990,2012]" pageId="6" pageNumber="597">
2 Gonopod telopodite with a laterally directed prong-like structure..........................................
<taxonomicName id="5AA94D4E4D7F2F37F918F80E7CF15BB9" ID-CoL="77XF9" authorityName="Carl" authorityYear="1932" box="[1358,1437,1990,2011]" class="Diplopoda" family="Pyrgodesmidae" genus="Propyrgodesmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="6" pageNumber="597" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frater">
<emphasis id="AFDDEADF4D7F2F37F918F80E7CF15BB9" box="[1358,1437,1990,2011]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="597">P. frater</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D1636CD4D7F2F37FCC1F82C7CF05B9B" blockId="6.[151,1437,1930,2041]" box="[151,1436,2019,2041]" pageId="6" pageNumber="597">
<keyLead id="265895F84D7F2F37FCC1F82C7CF05B9B" box="[151,1436,2019,2041]" pageId="6" pageNumber="597">
- Gonopod telopodite with prominent bulb-like medial branch...............................
<taxonomicName id="5AA94D4E4D7F2F37F8FFF82C7C245B9A" authority="Aswathy &amp; Sudhikumar, 2022" authorityName="Aswathy &amp; Sudhikumar" authorityYear="2022" box="[1193,1352,2019,2041]" class="Diplopoda" family="Pyrgodesmidae" genus="Propyrgodesmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="6" pageNumber="597" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bulbogonopus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="AFDDEADF4D7F2F37F8FFF82C7C245B9A" box="[1193,1352,2019,2041]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="597">P. bulbogonopus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B4EE57A44D7F2F37F918F82B7CF05B9B" box="[1358,1436,2019,2041]" pageId="6" pageNumber="597" rank="species">
<emphasis id="AFDDEADF4D7F2F37F918F82B7CFA5B9A" bold="true" box="[1358,1430,2019,2040]" pageId="6" pageNumber="597">sp. nov</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
</key>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.143.32821" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f5acbf65-b285-40bf-b242-a167ca1f8003" ID-PMC="PMC7298354" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-143-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="F6F11A6EE4FF5A1885CEA2B60AE965A5" ID-PubMed="32577084" ModsDocID="1314-2003-143-1" checkinTime="1584460888788" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Wood, John R. I., Munoz-Rodriguez, Pablo, Williams, Bethany R. M. &amp; Scotland, Robert W." docDate="2020" docId="1500A8DD730E04213B5E2AF995BC6B89" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 143: 1-823" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 143" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.143.32821" docTitle="Ipomoea barbatisepala var. angustata" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" id="F6F11A6EE4FF5A1885CEA2B60AE965A5" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="F6F11A6EE4FF5A1885CEA2B60AE965A5" masterDocTitle="A foundation monograph of Ipomoea (Convolvulaceae) in the New World" masterLastPageNumber="823" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1668139722073" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="48137D90E5AB5EB3111CAB13CA93D4A4">A foundation monograph of Ipomoea (Convolvulaceae) in the New World</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="191614003FEF13AE3BB0AAD3578D5C5E">Wood, John R. I.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="09956E59F328B1FEC8302DAA719F549F">Munoz-Rodriguez, Pablo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C3BB965BBEB1E9D3D69A8D47EA8B3745">Williams, Bethany R. M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="30F4BFA2568DAC28096028AA046E75CC">Scotland, Robert W.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="B6D00811A2DBB0140EB430CF7B79D0BD">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="6BE785DBAD64F246D117D05DEFDFD150">143</mods:number>
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<treatment id="1500A8DD730E04213B5E2AF995BC6B89" ID-GBIF-Taxon="162629899" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1500A8DD730E04213B5E2AF995BC6B89" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/1500A8DD730E04213B5E2AF995BC6B89" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<paragraph id="45DB03866C15CD1CF06E5D3CCE67D6DD" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<paragraph id="B2E8530E4938E095E7721EDA33EC391E" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
258b.
<taxonomicName id="8F5F8790F8F75D818D786B2A12DACDCE" ID-CoL="5PH6B" authority="(Choisy)" baseAuthorityName="Choisy" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Convolvulaceae" genus="Ipomoea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="barbatisepala" variety="angustata">
<emphasis id="52CBE51EB185DD4F7F9F79544561CE02" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ipomoea barbatisepala</emphasis>
var.
<emphasis id="98B9E63E2A2B08A85A0AA3D3BB3B1BFA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">angustata</emphasis>
(Choisy)
</taxonomicName>
J.R.I. Wood &amp; Scotland, comb. &amp; stat. nov
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="154EB641FBE2F1DEBB30E653BDF7EA86" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:</paragraph>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="481D3A9FCCDD76CDEDEFEC32CBE52D5E" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="FCDD034FCD8B262E593FC3C957880AAD" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="F348446733755AFF1E3C4AE0DD5140DC" authority="Brandegee" authorityName="Brandegee" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Convolvulaceae" genus="Ipomoea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="angustata">
<emphasis id="1B5FCB50E24F5DE886DDAFFDCE272460" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ipomoea angustata</emphasis>
Brandegee
</taxonomicName>
<potBibRef id="C897891FF95EDFA91995784910958B01">, Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 4</potBibRef>
(19): 383. 1913. (Brandegee 1913: 383). Type. MEXICO. Sinaloa, Culiacan,
<emphasis id="D5EA09E36C38407B48C7000EA0743EB0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">T.S. Brandegee</emphasis>
s.n. (holotype UC105148).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="406231AB9CF0B823C3C617F0FCFBA9DB" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="multiple">
<paragraph id="DE7316979A795E9BF1599627746F91B3" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="B3A80EA0CF7DC6250BFC98E7E146F79F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Distinguished by the narrow linear-lanceolate, glabrous sepals.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A00DD3D42BE8962870FFED0997F27A3D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="multiple">
<paragraph id="BF45D83D16BF41B0E28CFF82764A665F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="934B6E8E377FBAA81B960071E217AD10" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution of species.</emphasis>
Locally common between 200 and 2400 m in the Sonora Desert of Southern Arizona, but uncommon and scattered in other semi desert areas of northern Mexico and the United States southwest.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="FF37E4BC0A72689E56BEC4F727BF42D1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="multiple">
<paragraph id="79B76FDE68AED664C0869B66F3801C4C" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="6A3292F6C9CEFDDFCC417382D0C77519" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">MEXICO. Baja California Sur</emphasis>
:
<normalizedToken id="AB694F01CC2FB0719821658BC795A41C" originalValue="Comondú">Comondu</normalizedToken>
,
<emphasis id="56AC7C8C0A86D5D10AAA72DCB48B4D60" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A.M. Narvaez</emphasis>
2012-209 (HCIB).
<emphasis id="63E1B135F09EC97E70104B7F98B11375" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Guerrero</emphasis>
:
<emphasis id="AC3B3B707A010E6DEF72717E17EA3EB1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
J.
<normalizedToken id="08A3B1486FAA28C2E707A27284571603" originalValue="Calónico">Calonico</normalizedToken>
Soto
</emphasis>
17769 (MEXU).
<emphasis id="1D95836F41EA60A7EF0E9A1ECA93392B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Jalisco</emphasis>
:
<emphasis id="E0EEE3C0EC548A306231C599DE7E5612" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Montes &amp; Salazar</emphasis>
874 (FTG).
<emphasis id="CA7109E2953B3EB2434E72C704B4BAC4" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<normalizedToken id="734B53004219307009D9179184D3E595" originalValue="Michoacán">Michoacan</normalizedToken>
</emphasis>
:
<emphasis id="F390343EB65A4077C0A7822A599310F7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
J. Soto
<normalizedToken id="D4E83FC364866940B8079C9AD1F61D63" originalValue="Nuñez">Nunez</normalizedToken>
</emphasis>
10918 (MEXU).
<emphasis id="6C026915D3697838AD16BC185CD3907C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Oaxaca</emphasis>
: Santa Maria de Tule,
<emphasis id="E1E2D44D820FA572ADB9E41568686F74" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
W.G.
<normalizedToken id="9424DA566887D38BE75BC2ADE339721D" originalValue="D’Arcy">D'Arcy</normalizedToken>
</emphasis>
11973 (FTG, MO).
<emphasis id="3C50943F1006911F2C93C18C56351007" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Sinaloa</emphasis>
: El Potrerillos,
<emphasis id="673F5FE51F2739204F618C7C2E1052F5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">J.G. Ortega</emphasis>
874 (K).
<emphasis id="FA5F9B0D0C5C3EB6113EBAC8C6914E8A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Sonora</emphasis>
:
<normalizedToken id="B23CBF0461542C43D2B47E907DE5228A" originalValue="Yécora">Yecora</normalizedToken>
,
<emphasis id="F8419F71DBB0FEC524CD413C3CA149C8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">T.R. Van Devender</emphasis>
97-1016 (ARIZ, MEXU).
<emphasis id="9E2B3BD3B0F81ED073FEF98306CD43E5" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">UNITED STATES. Arizona</emphasis>
: Apache Pass,
<emphasis id="2049AC8B91CC05E6E9BA048A32C2805D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">J.G. Lemmon</emphasis>
439 (BM, P); Pima County,
<emphasis id="390F9B184AD0ACE3B0F5AF1E0C8E8839" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">J. Tedford</emphasis>
06-255, (ARIZ);
<emphasis id="A60F04A3D7806DCD3BFC94BC087CD155" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">W. Hodgson</emphasis>
23418 (DES); Santa Cruz county,
<emphasis id="07A4419098FEFE2B36027AD9499EC4B7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">W. Hodgson et al</emphasis>
. 15772 (DES).
<emphasis id="1C13CA82FD978C90F83AA52B88712D50" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">New Mexico</emphasis>
: Loma County, Tres Hermanas Mts.,
<emphasis id="FA19C171F8050DD23AFF31A76E2230AD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">R.D. Worthington</emphasis>
19947 (DES, FTG); Florida Mountains,
<emphasis id="C20CB7B8CA94229682E56144B25BD37C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">R.D. Worthington</emphasis>
18612 (L).
<emphasis id="37F5A43437B8A21F38AA90B66AAAB3DD" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Texas</emphasis>
: El Paso, Franklin Mountains,
<emphasis id="DC4F7EE91EBFC3A9725C0AB703E313F0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">R.D. Worthington</emphasis>
14686 (DES).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="645781B3E8A8139F3342CB8A4F118714" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="notes">
<paragraph id="E61AA002EE43DE844F44C3CAE4CF94C4" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Note.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A79F61AE2E2F7F5E2DE426C3E3306C0A" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="E804E6ADF59D707556A7AFCBFC6AFE1E" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Convolvulaceae" genus="Ipomoea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="barbatisepala">
<emphasis id="43E7EF4F3E5B0BED601AD6D0B37C52F1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ipomoea barbatisepala</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
appears superficially to be a relative of
<taxonomicName id="B224062FA30DC8F5358C6F17E39C46BA" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Convolvulaceae" genus="Ipomoea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nil">
<emphasis id="C39BC8B7620C2D1A5B8B108B166AD57C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ipomoea nil</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but the capsule is 4-seeded and molecular studies place it close to
<emphasis id="5AA5507612A18E48B4F50BC82EB2D7F2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="59610738C229B179E9BC5DF8C4484F52" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Convolvulaceae" genus="Ipomoea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tricolor">I. tricolor</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
The linear-lanceolate sepals with stiff spreading hairs are distinct but these are absent in the type of
<taxonomicName id="0B7CA906397025DFDEB216CEF27E2080" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Convolvulaceae" genus="Ipomoea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="angustata">
<emphasis id="B712117D16913284E2D167A3A3059899" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ipomoea angustata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. This has never been recollected but is superficially very distinct and is recognised as
<taxonomicName id="05FEEBA57A8DBF3D7E8B5824B625C9DF" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Convolvulaceae" genus="Ipomoea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="barbatisepala" variety="angustata">
var.
<emphasis id="30E86655775D2ABDE879DD1D39CF5D2C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">angustata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B5DCF37B44699C7C495CE212825E00A3" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">• Species 259-267 form a small clade but lack any clear common morphological character. The presence of two species with an unusual ovary structure is noteworthy.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>