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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/afrinvertebr.62.74103" ID-GBIF-Dataset="dab90667-f9d8-42b4-af71-ad66dc95c211" ID-GBIF-Taxon="191261291" ID-Pensoft-Pub="2305-2562-2-497" ID-Pensoft-UUID="6B5FC5F7BB415BE28F1B59F343F2C054" ID-ZooBank="6CDF8CC675B542C5B423E5E859A1D672" ModsDocID="2305-2562-62-2-497" checkinTime="1639109945773" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Noort 1,2, Simon van, Belokobylskij 3,4, Sergey A. & Touret-Alby 5, Agniele" docDate="2021" docId="E3A631F313DF57ED8BD85478D9C99CA9" docLanguage="en" docName="AfrInvert 62(2): 497-520" docOrigin="African Invertebrates 62 (2)" docPubDate="2021-12-09" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/afrinvertebr.62.74103" docTitle="Spathioplites phreneticus Fischer 1962" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" id="6B5FC5F7BB415BE28F1B59F343F2C054" lastPageNumber="497" masterDocId="6B5FC5F7BB415BE28F1B59F343F2C054" masterDocTitle="Rediscovery of the endemic Afrotropical genus Spathioplites (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Doryctinae) with major range extension records for Spathioplites phreneticus" masterLastPageNumber="520" masterPageNumber="497" pageId="0" pageNumber="497" updateTime="1639115652207" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||||
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:title>Rediscovery of the endemic Afrotropical genus Spathioplites (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Doryctinae) with major range extension records for Spathioplites phreneticus</mods:title>
|
||||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart>Noort 1,2, Simon van</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation>Research and Exhibitions Department, South African Museum, Iziko Museums of South Africa, P. O. Box 61, Cape Town, 8000, South Africa</mods:affiliation>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:name type="personal">
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||||
<mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart>Belokobylskij 3,4, Sergey A.</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation>Research and Exhibitions Department, South African Museum, Iziko Museums of South Africa, P. O. Box 61, Cape Town, 8000, South Africa</mods:affiliation>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart>Touret-Alby 5, Agniele</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation>Research and Exhibitions Department, South African Museum, Iziko Museums of South Africa, P. O. Box 61, Cape Town, 8000, South Africa</mods:affiliation>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||||
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
|
||||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:title>African Invertebrates</mods:title>
|
||||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:part>
|
||||
<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
|
||||
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
|
||||
<mods:number>2021-12-09</mods:number>
|
||||
</mods:detail>
|
||||
<mods:detail type="volume">
|
||||
<mods:number>62</mods:number>
|
||||
</mods:detail>
|
||||
<mods:detail type="issue">
|
||||
<mods:number>2</mods:number>
|
||||
</mods:detail>
|
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<mods:extent unit="page">
|
||||
<mods:start>497</mods:start>
|
||||
<mods:end>520</mods:end>
|
||||
</mods:extent>
|
||||
</mods:part>
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||||
</mods:relatedItem>
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||||
<mods:location>
|
||||
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/afrinvertebr.62.74103</mods:url>
|
||||
</mods:location>
|
||||
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
|
||||
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/afrinvertebr.62.74103</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">2305-2562-2-497</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">6CDF8CC675B542C5B423E5E859A1D672</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">6B5FC5F7BB415BE28F1B59F343F2C054</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
|
||||
<subSection pageId="0" pageNumber="497" type="results">
|
||||
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="191261291" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E3A631F313DF57ED8BD85478D9C99CA9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E3A631F313DF57ED8BD85478D9C99CA9" lastPageNumber="497" pageId="0" pageNumber="497">
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="497" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="497">
|
||||
<taxonomicName LSID="E3A631F3-13DF-57ED-8BD8-5478D9C99CA9" authority="Fischer, 1962" authorityName="Fischer" authorityYear="1962" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Spathioplites" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Spathioplites phreneticus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="497" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phreneticus">Spathioplites phreneticus Fischer, 1962</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="497" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="497">
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Spathioplites phreneticus, female South Africa SAM-HYM-P 086343 (SAMC) A habitus, lateral view B habitus, dorsal view C head, anterior view D head, mesosoma, dorso-lateral view E antennae, head, mesosoma, antero-dorsal view F scutellum, propodeum, first tergite, dorsal view." figureDoi="10.3897/afrinvertebr.62.74103.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/620711" pageId="0" pageNumber="497">Figures 1</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Spathioplites phreneticus, female South Africa SAM-HYM-P 086343 (SAMC) A head, mesosoma, dorsal view B metasoma, dorsal view C left wings, dorsal view (inset: data labels) D right wings, dorsal view (note that both sets of depicted wings (C, D) have dried in a contorted manner and are curved and folded, distorting dimensions of the constituent cells, which is evident when comparing the two images)." figureDoi="10.3897/afrinvertebr.62.74103.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/620712" pageId="0" pageNumber="497">, 2</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Spathioplites phreneticus, male holotype (MNHN) A habitus, lateral right view B habitus, lateral left view (photo flipped horizontally for comparison with right side depicted in A) C habitus, dorsal view." figureDoi="10.3897/afrinvertebr.62.74103.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/620713" pageId="0" pageNumber="497">, 3</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Spathioplites phreneticus, male holotype (MNHN) A head, anterior view B forewing, dorsal view C data labels." figureDoi="10.3897/afrinvertebr.62.74103.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/620714" pageId="0" pageNumber="497">, 4</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Spathioplites phreneticus, female paratype (MNHN) A habitus, lateral view B habitus, dorsal view C habitus, dorso-posterior view D head, antenna, anterior view E data labels" figureDoi="10.3897/afrinvertebr.62.74103.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/620715" pageId="0" pageNumber="497">, 5</figureCitation>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="497" type="reference_group">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="497">
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fischer" authorityYear="1962" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Spathioplites" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Spathioplites phreneticus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="497" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phreneticus">Spathioplites phreneticus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Fischer, 1962: 303;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Yu, DS" journalOrPublisher="A descriptive memoir to accompany the Unesco / AETFAT / UNSO vegetation map of Africa, Unesco, Paris" pageId="0" pageNumber="497" refId="B32" refString="Yu, DS, van Achterberg, C, Horstman, K, 2016. Taxapad 2016, Ichneumonoidea 2015. Nepean, Ontario. Database on flash-drive." title="Taxapad 2016, Ichneumonoidea 2015. Nepean, Ontario. Database on flash-drive." year="2016">Yu et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
. Holotype in Paris (MNHN). Type locality: Ennedi, Ouedi, Harisohi, Chad.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="497">
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fischer" authorityYear="1962" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Spathioplites" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Spathioplites phreneticus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="497" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phreneticus">Spathioplites phreneticus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
van Achterberg, 1993: 94, plate 8 (paratype female illustrated).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="497" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="497">Material examined.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="497">
|
||||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2021-01-01" collectingDateMax="2021-12-31" collectingDateMin="2021-01-01" collectorName="Harischi, J. Mateu, Lesne, Fairm" country="Chad" determinerName="Fischer" latitude="17.7323" location="Chad" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="21.88331" specimenCount="♂" typeStatus="Holotype">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="497">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="497">
|
||||
<typeStatus>Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
<collectingCountry name="Chad">Chad</collectingCountry>
|
||||
•
|
||||
<specimenCount>♂</specimenCount>
|
||||
; Afr. equat. fr., Ennedi, Ouedi [
|
||||
<geoCoordinate degrees="17.73230" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="17.7323">17.73230</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate degrees="21.88331" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="21.88331">21.88331</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
],
|
||||
<collectorName>Harischi</collectorName>
|
||||
; 1959;
|
||||
<collectorName>J. Mateu</collectorName>
|
||||
; ex
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lesne" authorityYear="1908" class="Insecta" family="Bostrichidae" genus="Lyctus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lyctus hipposideros" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="497" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hipposideros">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="497">Lyctus hipposideros</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<collectorName>Lesne</collectorName>
|
||||
vel
|
||||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Fairmaire" baseAuthorityYear="1883" class="Insecta" family="Bostrichidae" genus="Enneadesmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Enneadesmus forficula" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="497" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="forficula">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="497">Enneadesmus forficula</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
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<collectorName>Fairm</collectorName>
|
||||
[handwritten label];
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fischer" authorityYear="1962" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Spathioplites" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Spathioplites phreneticus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="497" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phreneticus">
|
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="497">Spathioplites phreneticus</emphasis>
|
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</taxonomicName>
|
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sp. nov., det.
|
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<determinerName>Fischer</determinerName>
|
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</materialsCitation>
|
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;
|
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<typeStatus>Holotypus</typeStatus>
|
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(pink label); EY3209 (MNHN). http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/ey/ey3209
|
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</paragraph>
|
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="497">
|
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="2021-01-01" collectingDateMax="2021-12-31" collectingDateMin="2021-01-01" collectorName="Afr., Ennedi, Ouedi, Harischi, August, J. Mateu" country="Chad" determinerName="Fischer" location="Chad" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" typeStatus="Paratypes">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="497">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="497">
|
||||
<typeStatus>Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
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</emphasis>
|
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.
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
<collectingCountry name="Chad">Chad</collectingCountry>
|
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•
|
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<specimenCount type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
|
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;
|
||||
<collectorName>Afr.</collectorName>
|
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equat. fr.,
|
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<collectorName>Ennedi</collectorName>
|
||||
,
|
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<collectorName>Ouedi</collectorName>
|
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,
|
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<collectorName>Harischi</collectorName>
|
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; 17th
|
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<collectorName>August</collectorName>
|
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[handwritten on the back of the locality label] 1959;
|
||||
<collectorName>J. Mateu</collectorName>
|
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; ex
|
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<taxonomicName genus="A." lsidName="A. raddiana" pageId="0" pageNumber="497" rank="species" species="raddiana">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="497">A. raddiana</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
[handwritten label];
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fischer" authorityYear="1962" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Spathioplites" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Spathioplites phreneticus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="497" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phreneticus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="497">Spathioplites phreneticus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
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sp. nov., det.
|
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<determinerName>Fischer</determinerName>
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<typeStatus>Allotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
(pink label);
|
||||
<specimenCount>♀</specimenCount>
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fischer" authorityYear="1962" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Spathioplites" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Spathioplites phreneticus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="497" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phreneticus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="497">Spathioplites phreneticus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Fischer, C. van Achterberg, 1980,
|
||||
<typeStatus>Paratype</typeStatus>
|
||||
(blue label); EY3258 (MNHN) http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/ey/ey3258 •
|
||||
<specimenCount type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
|
||||
; Afr. equat. fr., Ennedi, Ouedi, Harischi; 17th August [handwritten on the back of the locality label] 1959, J. Mateu; ex
|
||||
<taxonomicName genus="A." lsidName="A. raddiana" pageId="0" pageNumber="497" rank="species" species="raddiana">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="497">A. raddiana</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
[handwritten label];
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fischer" authorityYear="1962" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Spathioplites" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Spathioplites phreneticus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="497" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phreneticus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="497">Spathioplites phreneticus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp. nov., det. Fischer;
|
||||
<typeStatus>paratype</typeStatus>
|
||||
(pink label); EY32026 (MNHN) http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/ey/ey32026 •
|
||||
<specimenCount type="male">4♂♂</specimenCount>
|
||||
Afr. equat. fr., Ennedi, Ouedi, Harischi; 1959, J. Mateu; ex
|
||||
<taxonomicName genus="A." lsidName="A. raddiana" pageId="0" pageNumber="497" rank="species" species="raddiana">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="497">A. raddiana</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
[handwritten label];
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fischer" authorityYear="1962" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Spathioplites" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Spathioplites phreneticus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="497" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phreneticus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="497">Spathioplites phreneticus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp. nov., det. Fischer;
|
||||
<typeStatus>paratype</typeStatus>
|
||||
(pink label) (NHMW) •
|
||||
<specimenCount type="male">2♂♂</specimenCount>
|
||||
Afr. equat. fr., Ennedi, Ouedi, Harischi; 1959; J. Mateu; ex
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lesne" authorityYear="1908" class="Insecta" family="Bostrichidae" genus="Lyctus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lyctus hipposideros" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="497" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hipposideros">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="497">Lyctus hipposideros</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Lesne vel
|
||||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Fairmaire" baseAuthorityYear="1883" class="Insecta" family="Bostrichidae" genus="Enneadesmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Enneadesmus forficula" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="497" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="forficula">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="497">Enneadesmus forficula</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Fairm [handwritten label];
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fischer" authorityYear="1962" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Spathioplites" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Spathioplites phreneticus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="497" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phreneticus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="497">Spathioplites phreneticus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp. nov., det. Fischer;
|
||||
<typeStatus>paratype</typeStatus>
|
||||
(pink label) (NHMW) •
|
||||
<specimenCount type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
|
||||
Afr. equat. fr., Ennedi, Ouedi, Harischi; 1959; J. Mateu; ex
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fischer" authorityYear="1962" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Spathioplites" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="497" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Coleoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Holzbohrer) an
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Acacia" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Acacia" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="497" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Acacia</taxonomicName>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fischer" authorityYear="1962" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Spathioplites" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Spathioplites phreneticus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="497" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phreneticus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="497">Spathioplites phreneticus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp. nov., det. Fischer;
|
||||
<typeStatus>paratype</typeStatus>
|
||||
(pink label) (NHMW).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption doi="10.3897/afrinvertebr.62.74103.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/620711" pageId="0" pageNumber="497" start="Figure 1" startId="F1">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="497">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="497">Figure 1.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fischer" authorityYear="1962" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Spathioplites" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Spathioplites phreneticus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="497" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phreneticus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="497">Spathioplites phreneticus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, female
|
||||
<collectingCountry name="South Africa">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||||
SAM-HYM-P086343 (SAMC)
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="497">A</emphasis>
|
||||
habitus, lateral view
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="497">B</emphasis>
|
||||
habitus, dorsal view
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="497">C</emphasis>
|
||||
head, anterior view
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="497">D</emphasis>
|
||||
head, mesosoma, dorso-lateral view
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="497">E</emphasis>
|
||||
antennae, head, mesosoma, antero-dorsal view
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="497">F</emphasis>
|
||||
scutellum, propodeum, first tergite, dorsal view.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="497" type="comments">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="497">Comments.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="497">
|
||||
According to the material cited in
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Fischer’s">Fischer's</normalizedToken>
|
||||
original description there should be 13 type specimens with dates of collection as follows: 13.VIII.1959: 6♂; 17. VIII.1959: 5♂ and 1♀; 6. V.1959: 1♂. Only 10 of these types have been located: the holotype male and two paratypes (male and female) in MNHN, and 7 paratype males in NHMW.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption doi="10.3897/afrinvertebr.62.74103.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/620712" pageId="0" pageNumber="497" start="Figure 2" startId="F2">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="497">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="497">Figure 2.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fischer" authorityYear="1962" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Spathioplites" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Spathioplites phreneticus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="497" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phreneticus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="497">Spathioplites phreneticus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, female South Africa SAM-HYM-P086343 (SAMC)
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="497">A</emphasis>
|
||||
head, mesosoma, dorsal view
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="497">B</emphasis>
|
||||
metasoma, dorsal view
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="497">C</emphasis>
|
||||
left wings, dorsal view (inset: data labels)
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="497">D</emphasis>
|
||||
right wings, dorsal view (note that both sets of depicted wings (
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="497">C, D</emphasis>
|
||||
) have dried in a contorted manner and are curved and folded, distorting dimensions of the constituent cells, which is evident when comparing the two images).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="497" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="497">Additional material.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="497">
|
||||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2021-01-01" collectingDateMax="2021-12-31" collectingDateMin="2021-01-01" collectorName="J. Risbec" country="Senegal" latitude="14.719248" location="Bambey" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-16.460503" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1">
|
||||
<collectingCountry name="Senegal">Senegal</collectingCountry>
|
||||
•
|
||||
<specimenCount type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E3A631F313DF57ED8BD85478D9C99CA9:DDB1A5DCDDF7D7C93D3E88CA646E9A93" country="Senegal" latitude="14.719248" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-16.460503" name="Bambey">Bambey</location>
|
||||
; [
|
||||
<geoCoordinate degrees="14.719248" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="14.719248">14.719248</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate degrees="16.460502" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-16.460503">- 16.460502</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
];
|
||||
<collectorName>J. Risbec</collectorName>
|
||||
; R. 84 (MNHN)
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2016-02-10" collectingDateMax="2016-03-17" collectingDateMin="2016-02-10" collectingMethod="Malaise trap" collectorName="S. van Noort, Olifantshoek Plains Thornveld, Savanna Biome" country="South Africa" county="Tswalu Kalahari Reserve" elevation="1245" latitude="-27.2855" location="Olifantshoek Plains" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="22.485033" municipality="Site" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Northern Cape">
|
||||
<collectingCountry name="South Africa">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||||
•
|
||||
<specimenCount type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<collectingRegion country="South Africa" name="Northern Cape">Northern Cape</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCounty>Tswalu Kalahari Reserve</collectingCounty>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingMunicipality>Site</collectingMunicipality>
|
||||
DED3;
|
||||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2449999999999999" unit="m" value="1245.0">
|
||||
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2449999999999999" unit="m" value="1245.0">1245m</elevation>
|
||||
</quantity>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<geoCoordinate degrees="27" direction="south" minutes="17.130" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-27.2855">27°17.130'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate degrees="22" direction="east" minutes="29.102" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="22.485033">22°29.102'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<collectingDate value="2016-02-10" valueMax="2016-03-17" valueMin="2016-02-10">10 Feb - 17 March 2016</collectingDate>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<collectorName>S. van Noort</collectorName>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<collectingMethod>Malaise trap</collectingMethod>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<collectorName>
|
||||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E3A631F313DF57ED8BD85478D9C99CA9:A4062CBBF3C3439C56B2FE9229AEC836" country="South Africa" county="Tswalu Kalahari Reserve" latitude="-27.2855" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="22.485033" municipality="Site" name="Olifantshoek Plains" stateProvince="Northern Cape">Olifantshoek Plains</location>
|
||||
Thornveld
|
||||
</collectorName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectorName>Savanna Biome</collectorName>
|
||||
; TSW15-DED3-M14; SAM-HYM-P086343 (SAMC)
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
•
|
||||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2016-03-17" collectingDateMax="2016-05-09" collectingDateMin="2016-03-17" collectingMethod="Malaise trap" collectorName="S. van Noort, Olifantshoek Plains Thornveld, Savanna Biome" country="South Africa" county="Tswalu Kalahari Reserve" elevation="1245" latitude="-27.2855" location="Olifantshoek Plains" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="22.485033" municipality="Site" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Northern Cape">
|
||||
<specimenCount type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<collectingRegion country="South Africa" name="Northern Cape">Northern Cape</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCounty>Tswalu Kalahari Reserve</collectingCounty>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingMunicipality>Site</collectingMunicipality>
|
||||
DED3;
|
||||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2449999999999999" unit="m" value="1245.0">
|
||||
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2449999999999999" unit="m" value="1245.0">1245m</elevation>
|
||||
</quantity>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<geoCoordinate degrees="27" direction="south" minutes="17.130" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-27.2855">27°17.130'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate degrees="22" direction="east" minutes="29.102" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="22.485033">22°29.102'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<collectingDate value="2016-03-17" valueMax="2016-05-09" valueMin="2016-03-17">17 March - 9 May 2016</collectingDate>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<collectorName>S. van Noort</collectorName>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<collectingMethod>Malaise trap</collectingMethod>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<collectorName>
|
||||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E3A631F313DF57ED8BD85478D9C99CA9:3C6EC3DBA2D7395C1BD72AD3DA5236EC" country="South Africa" county="Tswalu Kalahari Reserve" latitude="-27.2855" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="22.485033" municipality="Site" name="Olifantshoek Plains" stateProvince="Northern Cape">Olifantshoek Plains</location>
|
||||
Thornveld
|
||||
</collectorName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectorName>Savanna Biome</collectorName>
|
||||
; TSW15-DED3-M19; SAM-HYM-P095175 (SAMC)
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption doi="10.3897/afrinvertebr.62.74103.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/620713" pageId="0" pageNumber="497" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="497">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="497">Figure 3.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fischer" authorityYear="1962" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Spathioplites" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Spathioplites phreneticus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="497" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phreneticus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="497">Spathioplites phreneticus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, male
|
||||
<typeStatus>holotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
(MNHN)
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="497">A</emphasis>
|
||||
habitus, lateral right view
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="497">B</emphasis>
|
||||
habitus, lateral left view (photo flipped horizontally for comparison with right side depicted in
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="497">A</emphasis>
|
||||
)
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="497">C</emphasis>
|
||||
habitus, dorsal view.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="497" type="redescription">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="497">Redescription.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="497">Female. Body length 3.5-3.8 mm; fore wing length 2.0-2.3 mm.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="497">
|
||||
Head width 1.3
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
median length, 1.0-1.1
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
width of mesoscutum. Head behind eyes (dorsal view) convex in anteriorly half and roundly narrowed in posterior half. Transverse diameter of eye about as long as temple (dorsal view). Ocelli small, in triangle with base 1.1
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
its sides. POL 1.5-1.8
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
Od, about 0.4
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
OOL. Eyes with very fine emargination opposite antennal sockets, distinctly directed forwards (lateral view), 1.4
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
as high as broad. Malar space 0.8
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
maximum diameter of eye, 1.2
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
basal width of mandible. Face convex, its minimum width 1.2
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
height of eye and 0.9
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
height of face and clypeus combined. Hypoclypeal depression width 0.4
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
distance from edge of depression to eye, 0.3
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
width of face. Head below eyes (front view) strongly and roundly narrowed. Hypostomal flange narrow.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption doi="10.3897/afrinvertebr.62.74103.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/620714" pageId="0" pageNumber="497" start="Figure 4" startId="F4">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="497">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="497">Figure 4.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fischer" authorityYear="1962" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Spathioplites" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Spathioplites phreneticus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="497" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phreneticus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="497">Spathioplites phreneticus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, male holotype (MNHN)
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="497">A</emphasis>
|
||||
head, anterior view
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="497">B</emphasis>
|
||||
forewing, dorsal view
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="497">C</emphasis>
|
||||
data labels.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="497">
|
||||
Antenna narrow basally and widened apically, 19 to 20 segmented, about 0.6
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
as long as body. Scape 1.4-1.6
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
longer than its maximum width. First flagellar segment (lateral view) 4.5-4.8
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
longer than its apical width, 1.10-1.15
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
longer than second segment. Penultimate segment (lateral view) 1.4-1.6
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
longer than wide, 0.5
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
as long as first segment, 0.8
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
as long as apical segment.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption doi="10.3897/afrinvertebr.62.74103.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/620715" pageId="0" pageNumber="497" start="Figure 5" startId="F5">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="497">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="497">Figure 5.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fischer" authorityYear="1962" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Spathioplites" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Spathioplites phreneticus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="497" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phreneticus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="497">Spathioplites phreneticus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, female paratype (MNHN)
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="497">A</emphasis>
|
||||
habitus, lateral view
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="497">B</emphasis>
|
||||
habitus, dorsal view
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="497">C</emphasis>
|
||||
habitus, dorso-posterior view
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="497">D</emphasis>
|
||||
head, antenna, anterior view
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="497">E</emphasis>
|
||||
data labels
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="497">
|
||||
Mesosoma robust and high, its length 1.7-1.8
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
maximum height. Maximum width of mesoscutum 0.9-1.0
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
its median length. Median lobe of mesoscutum (dorsal view) almost straight anteriorly, but weakly concave medially. Notauli narrow anteriorly and wide posteriorly, densely rugulose-crenulate. Prescutellar depression wide anterolaterally, narrowed medially and laterally of scutellum sides, densely and coarsely striate, with very fine reticulation between striae, medially 0.3
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
as long as scutellum. Scutellum strongly convex, 1.7-1.8
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
longer than its maximum submedian width. Subalar depression entirely coarsely striate. Propodeum (lateral view) very weakly slanted in basal 0.6, then strongly and almost linearly slanted towards apex.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="497">
|
||||
Wings. Fore wing 3.3-3.4
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
longer than its maximum width. Pterostigma 3.0-3.2
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
longer than wide. Radial (marginal) cell along metacarp (1-R1) 1.3
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
longer than pterostigma, maximum length of radial (marginal) cell 2.0-2.1
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
its maximum width. First radial abscissa (r) oblique to pterostigma, 0.8-0.9
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
as long as maximum width of pterostigma. First (r) and second (3-SR) radial abscissae forming very obtuse angle. Second radial abscissa (3-SR) 3.1-3.8
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
longer than first abscissa (r), 0.75-0.90
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
as long as weakly curved third abscissa (SR1), 2.6-2.8
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
longer than first radiomedial vein (2-SR). Second radiomedial (submarginal) cell long and narrow, 3.6-4.3
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
longer than its maximum width, 1.45-1.50
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
longer than the brachial (subdiscal) cell. First medial abscissa (1-SR+M) distinctly curved. Recurrent vein (m-cu) as long as second abscissa of medial vein (2-SR+M), 0.5
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
as long as first radiomedial vein (2-SR). Discoidal (discal) cell narrow and rather short, 2.2-2.5
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
longer than wide. Basal (1-M) and recurrent (m-cu) veins strongly divergent. Distance (1-CU1) from nervulus (m-cu) to basal vein (1-M) 0.3
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
nervulus (m-cu) length, but rarely almost interstitial; nervulus (m-cu) straight and perpendicular to mediocubital vein (2-CU1). Hind wing 4.2-4.3
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
longer than wide. Length of medial (basal) cell 6.5-7.0
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
longer than maximum width.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="497">
|
||||
Legs. Hind coxa 1.2-1.3
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
longer than its maximum width. Hind femur 2.5-2.6
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
longer than wide. Hind tarsus 1.1
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
longer than hind tibia. Hind basitarsus thickened, without ventral keel. Second tarsal segment 0.6-0.7
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
as long as basitarsus, 1.2
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
longer than fifth tarsal segment (without pretarsus).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="497">
|
||||
Metasoma about as long as head and mesosoma combined. First tergite distinctly arched, dorsally and ventrally rather distinctly concave (lateral view), distinctly and almost linearly widened from base to apex (dorsal view). Maximum apical width of first tergite 2.5-2.8
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
its minimum width; length of tergite 1.4-1.5
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
its maximum width, about 1.7
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
length of propodeum. Median length of second tergite 0.9
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
its basal width, 1.4
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
length of third tergite. Length of second and third tergites combined 1.4-1.7
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
basal width of second tergite, 0.8-0.9
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
their maximum width. Ovipositor sheath 0.6-0.7
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
as long as metasoma, 0.9
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
as long as mesosoma, 0.55-0.65
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
as long as fore wing.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="497">Sculpture and pubescence. Vertex entirely densely and distinctly curvedly transversely striate with reticulation between striae, lateral tubercles densely reticulate-areolate, with fine aciculation in parts; frons entirely curvedly striate and with reticulation between striae; face coarsely and rather sparsely transversely curvedly striate with distinct rugosity between striae; temple subvertically curvedly striate, with subtransverse and fine striation along eye. Median lobe of mesoscutum densely and distinctly reticulate-areolate, lateral lobed finely and densely granulate, with coarse rugosity on rather narrow area in posterior 0.4. Scutellum finely and very densely granulate. Mesopleuron smooth in lower half, transverse striate in upper half. Propodeum densely transversely striate with numerous dense rugosities in anterior 0.7, sparsely or very sparsely longitudinally striate with smooth large areas. Hind coxa densely curvedly transversely striate dorsally or in dorsal half, finely reticulate-coriaceous to smooth in ventral half. Hind femur densely and finely reticulate-coriaceous becoming finer below or smooth in lower half. First tergite rugose-reticulate in basal 0.4, distinctly and densely longitudinally striate with dense rugulosity between striae in apical 0.6. Second tergite densely and finely longitudinally striate with reticulation in basal 0.7, densely and finely reticulate-areolate in apical 0.3. Third tergite densely and finely reticulate-coriaceous becoming very fine posteriorly. Fourth and fifth tergites very finely coriaceous. Vertex with sparse, short and semi-erect pale setae almost entirely. Mesoscutum with very sparse and short semi-erect white setae, glabrous medially. Metapleuron mainly glabrous. Hind tibia dorsally with short, dense and adpressed pale setae; their length much less than maximum width of hind tibia.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="497">Colour. Body light reddish brown, metasoma behind petiole reddish brown becoming dark reddish brown in posterior quarter; sometimes whole body darker. Antenna brownish yellow to light brown in basal 0.3, yellow medially, contrasted dark brown to black in apical quarter. Palpi reddish brown or dark reddish brown. Legs light reddish brown, hind coxa and tibia reddish brown or darker, hind tibia dark basally; rarely middle and hind legs mainly reddish brown. Fore wing strongly maculate, brown spots and stripes formed by brown or dark brown and dense setae, hyaline intermediate areas and stripes without any setae. Pterostigma brown, except for pale yellow to almost white basal quarter.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="497">
|
||||
Male (holotype). Body length 5.2 mm; fore wing length 2.7 mm. Head behind eyes (dorsal view) strongly convex in anterior half. Transverse diameter of eye 0.75
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
as long as temple (dorsal view). POL 1.5
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
Od. Eyes weakly directed forwards. Antenna 20-segmented. Scape 1.3
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
longer than its maximum width. First flagellar segment (front view) 4.5
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
longer than its apical width, as long as second segment. Penultimate segment (lateral view) 1.3
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
longer than wide. Mesosoma length 1.8
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
its maximum height. Prescutellar depression medially 0.2
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
as long as scutellum. Scutellum 2.0
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
longer than maximum submedian width. Fore wing 3.3
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
longer than its maximum width. Pterostigma 2.5
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
longer than wide. Radial (marginal) cell along metacarp (1-R1) 1.5
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
longer than pterostigma. First radial abscissa (r) 0.75
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
as long as maximum width of pterostigma. Second radial abscissa (3-SR) 3.4
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
longer than first abscissa (r), 0.85
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
as long as third abscissa (SR1), 2.2
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
longer than first radiomedial vein (2-SR). Second radiomedial (submarginal) cell 3.3
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
longer than its maximum width, 1.4
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
longer than the wide brachial (subdiscal) cell. Discoidal (discal) cell 2.1
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
longer than wide. Distance (1-CU1) from nervulus (cu-a) to basal vein (1-M) 0.7
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
nervulus (cu-a) length. Hind wing 3.9
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
longer than wide. Length of medial (basal) cell about 6.0
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
longer than maximum width. Hind coxa 1.3
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
longer than maximum width. Hind femur 2.4
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
longer than wide. Metasoma 1.5
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
longer than head and mesosoma combined. Maximum apical width of first tergite 2.3
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
its minimum width; length of tergite 1.8
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
its maximum width, 1.6
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
length of propodeum. Length of second and third tergites combined 1.8
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
basal width of second tergite, 0.8
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
their maximum width. Body overall darker than in female. Scape and pedicel of antenna yellow. Legs reddish brown, all coxae paler. Pterostigma dark brown, almost white in basal third. Otherwise similar to female.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="497" type="biology_ecology">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="497">Biology.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="497">
|
||||
According to the original label present on the holotype specimen the host of this species could either be wood-boring
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lesne" authorityYear="1908" class="Insecta" family="Bostrichidae" genus="Lyctus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lyctus hipposideros" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="497" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hipposideros">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="497">Lyctus hipposideros</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Lesne, 1908, or
|
||||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Fairmaire" baseAuthorityYear="1883" class="Insecta" family="Bostrichidae" genus="Enneadesmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Enneadesmus forficula" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="497" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="forficula">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="497">Enneadesmus forficula</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Fairmaire, 1883) (
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Mulsant" authorityYear="1851" class="Insecta" genus="Enneadesmus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="497" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Coleoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" class="Insecta" family="Bostrichidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="497" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Bostrichidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
). A label on the paratype reads "ex
|
||||
<taxonomicName genus="A." lsidName="A. raddiana" pageId="0" pageNumber="497" rank="species" species="raddiana">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="497">A. raddiana</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
" =
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Acacia" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Acacia raddiana" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="497" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="raddiana">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="497">Acacia raddiana</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Savi, which is currently considered to be a subspecies of the Umbrella thorn acacia:
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Vachellia" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Vachellia tortilis subsp. raddiana" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="497" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="tortilis" subSpecies="raddiana">Vachellia tortilis subsp. raddiana</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Savi) Kyal. & Boatwr. The northern African specimens were collected in mid to late northern hemisphere summer (May and August), and the two South African specimens were collected in the latter half of the southern hemisphere summer (between 10 February and 9 May). Seasonal variation in arid habitats can be pronounced as shown in figures 6 and 7 depicting the sampling locality in Tswalu Game Reserve (South Africa). Dead wood was gathered from the surrounding vicinity and stacked under the Malaise trap to increase return on parasitoids of wood-boring hosts (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Spathioplites phreneticus South African sampling site locality TSW 15 - DED 3 in Tswalu Kalahari Game Reserve showing seasonal changes in habitat A habitat May 2016, after poor summer rains B habitat May 2016, after poor summer rains C habitat Nov 2016 at end of dry winter season showing dead wood stacked under Malaise trap to increase return on parasitoids of wood-boring hosts (Malaise trap damaged by game animals prior to fixing) D habitat overview Nov 2016 (locality arrowed) at end of dry winter season E habitat May 2017, after good summer rains F habitat May 2017, after good summer rains." figureDoi="10.3897/afrinvertebr.62.74103.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/620717" pageId="0" pageNumber="497">7 C</figureCitation>
|
||||
), and it is likely that the
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" genus="S." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="S. phreneticus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="497" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phreneticus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="497">S. phreneticus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
specimens emanated from this source that probably contained wood-boring host beetle larvae.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption doi="10.3897/afrinvertebr.62.74103.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/620716" pageId="0" pageNumber="497" start="Figure 6" startId="F6">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="497">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="497">Figure 6.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fischer" authorityYear="1962" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Spathioplites" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Spathioplites phreneticus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="497" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phreneticus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="497">Spathioplites phreneticus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="497">A</emphasis>
|
||||
political distribution map. Only known from three localities (depicted by red circles) one each in Chad, Senegal and South Africa
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="497">B</emphasis>
|
||||
distribution localities (depicted by white circles) mapped onto African precipitation patterns. Data source: ERA-Interim corrected with GPCP v2.1; period: 1979-2010. After
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-3635-2014" author="Masih, I" journalOrPublisher="Hydrology and Earth System Sciences" pageId="0" pageNumber="497" pagination="3635 - 3649" refId="B19" refString="Masih, I, Maskey, S, Mussa, F, Trambauer, P, 2014. A review of droughts on the African continent: A geospatial and long-term perspective. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 18 (9): 3635 - 3649, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-3635-2014" title="A review of droughts on the African continent: A geospatial and long-term perspective." url="https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-3635-2014" volume="18" year="2014">Masih et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-2925-2014" author="Trambauer, P" journalOrPublisher="Hydrology and Earth System Sciences" pageId="0" pageNumber="497" pagination="2925 - 2942" refId="B25" refString="Trambauer, P, Maskey, S, Werner, M, Pappenberger, F, van Beek, LPH, Uhlenbrook, S, 2014. Identification and simulation of space-time variability of past hydrological drought events in the Limpopo River basin, southern Africa. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 18 (8): 2925 - 2942, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-2925-2014" title="Identification and simulation of space-time variability of past hydrological drought events in the Limpopo River basin, southern Africa." url="https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-2925-2014" volume="18" year="2014">Trambauer et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="497">C</emphasis>
|
||||
habitat South African sampling site locality TSW15-DED3 in Tswalu Kalahari Game Reserve, aerial view from North in February 2016 after summer rains (locality arrowed)
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="497">D</emphasis>
|
||||
habitat South African locality TSW15-DED3 in Tswalu Kalahari Game Reserve, aerial view from East in February 2016 after summer rains (locality arrowed)
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="497">E</emphasis>
|
||||
sampling localities in Tswalu Game Reserve plotted onto vegetation map after
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Mucina, L" journalOrPublisher="SANBI, Pretoria" pageId="0" pageNumber="497" refId="B22" refString="Mucina, L, Rutherford, MC, 2006. The vegetation of South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland. SANBI, Pretoria" title="The vegetation of South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland." year="2006">Mucina and Rutherford (2006)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
; red circle depicts
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" genus="S." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="S. phreneticus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="497" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phreneticus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="497">S. phreneticus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
locality TSW15-DED3, white circles depict other sampling localities.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<caption doi="10.3897/afrinvertebr.62.74103.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/620717" pageId="0" pageNumber="497" start="Figure 7" startId="F7">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="497">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="497">Figure 7.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fischer" authorityYear="1962" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Spathioplites" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Spathioplites phreneticus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="497" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phreneticus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="497">Spathioplites phreneticus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
South African sampling site locality TSW15-DED3 in Tswalu Kalahari Game Reserve showing seasonal changes in habitat
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="497">A</emphasis>
|
||||
habitat May 2016, after poor summer rains
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="497">B</emphasis>
|
||||
habitat May 2016, after poor summer rains
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="497">C</emphasis>
|
||||
habitat Nov 2016 at end of dry winter season showing dead wood stacked under Malaise trap to increase return on parasitoids of wood-boring hosts (Malaise trap damaged by game animals prior to fixing)
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="497">D</emphasis>
|
||||
habitat overview Nov 2016 (locality arrowed) at end of dry winter season
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="497">E</emphasis>
|
||||
habitat May 2017, after good summer rains
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="497">F</emphasis>
|
||||
habitat May 2017, after good summer rains.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="497" type="comments">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="497">Comments.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="497">
|
||||
The long-term continuous inventory survey sites deployed in Tswalu Kalahari Game Reserve generated 186 bulk samples of insects, comprising thousands of specimens, of which 25 of 42 Malaise trap samples have had the
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fischer" authorityYear="1962" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Spathioplites" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="497" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Hymenoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||||
extracted and sorted to family. Only two female specimens of
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fischer" authorityYear="1962" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Spathioplites" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Spathioplites phreneticus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="497" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phreneticus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="497">Spathioplites phreneticus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
were recovered from the 25 samples processed, and these were both from one (TSW15-DED3) of the five sites sampled with Malaise traps. The habitat of this sampling site is depicted in Figs
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Spathioplites phreneticus A political distribution map. Only known from three localities (depicted by red circles) one each in Chad, Senegal and South Africa B distribution localities (depicted by white circles) mapped onto African precipitation patterns. Data source: ERA-Interim corrected with GPCP v 2.1; period: 1979 - 2010. After Masih et al. 2014 and Trambauer et al. 2014 C habitat South African sampling site locality TSW 15 - DED 3 in Tswalu Kalahari Game Reserve, aerial view from North in February 2016 after summer rains (locality arrowed) D habitat South African locality TSW 15 - DED 3 in Tswalu Kalahari Game Reserve, aerial view from East in February 2016 after summer rains (locality arrowed) E sampling localities in Tswalu Game Reserve plotted onto vegetation map after Mucina and Rutherford (2006); red circle depicts S. phreneticus locality TSW 15 - DED 3, white circles depict other sampling localities." figureDoi="10.3897/afrinvertebr.62.74103.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/620716" pageId="0" pageNumber="497">6 C-D</figureCitation>
|
||||
and Figs
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Spathioplites phreneticus South African sampling site locality TSW 15 - DED 3 in Tswalu Kalahari Game Reserve showing seasonal changes in habitat A habitat May 2016, after poor summer rains B habitat May 2016, after poor summer rains C habitat Nov 2016 at end of dry winter season showing dead wood stacked under Malaise trap to increase return on parasitoids of wood-boring hosts (Malaise trap damaged by game animals prior to fixing) D habitat overview Nov 2016 (locality arrowed) at end of dry winter season E habitat May 2017, after good summer rains F habitat May 2017, after good summer rains." figureDoi="10.3897/afrinvertebr.62.74103.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/620717" pageId="0" pageNumber="497">7 A-F</figureCitation>
|
||||
. The two females were collected between 10 February and 9 May 2016 during a below average rainfall summer season. The sampling localities across the five different vegetation types are depicted in Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Spathioplites phreneticus A political distribution map. Only known from three localities (depicted by red circles) one each in Chad, Senegal and South Africa B distribution localities (depicted by white circles) mapped onto African precipitation patterns. Data source: ERA-Interim corrected with GPCP v 2.1; period: 1979 - 2010. After Masih et al. 2014 and Trambauer et al. 2014 C habitat South African sampling site locality TSW 15 - DED 3 in Tswalu Kalahari Game Reserve, aerial view from North in February 2016 after summer rains (locality arrowed) D habitat South African locality TSW 15 - DED 3 in Tswalu Kalahari Game Reserve, aerial view from East in February 2016 after summer rains (locality arrowed) E sampling localities in Tswalu Game Reserve plotted onto vegetation map after Mucina and Rutherford (2006); red circle depicts S. phreneticus locality TSW 15 - DED 3, white circles depict other sampling localities." figureDoi="10.3897/afrinvertebr.62.74103.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/620716" pageId="0" pageNumber="497">6 E</figureCitation>
|
||||
. The only site that returned
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" genus="S." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="S. phreneticus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="497" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phreneticus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="497">S. phreneticus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
specimens was situated in Olifantshoek Plains Thornveld.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="497" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="497">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="497">
|
||||
(Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Spathioplites phreneticus A political distribution map. Only known from three localities (depicted by red circles) one each in Chad, Senegal and South Africa B distribution localities (depicted by white circles) mapped onto African precipitation patterns. Data source: ERA-Interim corrected with GPCP v 2.1; period: 1979 - 2010. After Masih et al. 2014 and Trambauer et al. 2014 C habitat South African sampling site locality TSW 15 - DED 3 in Tswalu Kalahari Game Reserve, aerial view from North in February 2016 after summer rains (locality arrowed) D habitat South African locality TSW 15 - DED 3 in Tswalu Kalahari Game Reserve, aerial view from East in February 2016 after summer rains (locality arrowed) E sampling localities in Tswalu Game Reserve plotted onto vegetation map after Mucina and Rutherford (2006); red circle depicts S. phreneticus locality TSW 15 - DED 3, white circles depict other sampling localities." figureDoi="10.3897/afrinvertebr.62.74103.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/620716" pageId="0" pageNumber="497">6</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Chad, Senegal and South Africa.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</subSection>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
195
data/E3/A6/A1/E3A6A1081C4F78C54F2EA0ABDB4CD60F.xml
Normal file
195
data/E3/A6/A1/E3A6A1081C4F78C54F2EA0ABDB4CD60F.xml
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,195 @@
|
|||
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|
||||
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:title>Revision of the Ceratocapsine Renodaeus group: Marinonicoris, Pilophoropsis, Renodaeus, and Zanchisme, with descriptions of four new genera (Heteroptera, Miridae, Orthotylinae)</mods:title>
|
||||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart>Henry, Thomas J.</mods:namePart>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||||
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
|
||||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
|
||||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:part>
|
||||
<mods:date>2015</mods:date>
|
||||
<mods:detail type="volume">
|
||||
<mods:number>490</mods:number>
|
||||
</mods:detail>
|
||||
<mods:extent unit="page">
|
||||
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
|
||||
<mods:end>156</mods:end>
|
||||
</mods:extent>
|
||||
</mods:part>
|
||||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||||
<mods:location>
|
||||
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.490.8880</mods:url>
|
||||
</mods:location>
|
||||
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
|
||||
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.490.8880</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-490-1</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier type="ZBK">C1CD90CAB36F4197A9C60FAEF09EBD4A</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">C1CD90CAB36F4197A9C60FAEF09EBD4A</mods:identifier>
|
||||
</mods:mods>
|
||||
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152058885" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E3A6A1081C4F78C54F2EA0ABDB4CD60F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E3A6A1081C4F78C54F2EA0ABDB4CD60F" lastPageId="66" lastPageNumber="67" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="64" pageNumber="65" type="multiple">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Taxon classification Animalia Hemiptera Miridae</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="64" pageNumber="65" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
|
||||
<taxonomicName authority="Poppius" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Pilophoropsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pilophoropsis" order="Hemiptera" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pilophoropsis Poppius</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="65" pageNumber="66" type="reference_group">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Pilophoropsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pilophoropsis" order="Hemiptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<pageBreakToken pageId="65" pageNumber="66" start="start">Pilophoropsis</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Poppius, 1914: 249 (orig. descrip.);
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Carvalho, JCM" journalOrPublisher="Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" pagination="31 - 110" title="On the major classification of the Miridae (Hemiptera). (with keys to subfamilies and tribes and a catalogue of the world genera)." volume="24" year="1952">Carvalho 1952</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 82 (cat.);
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Carvalho, JCM" journalOrPublisher="Boletim do Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" pagination="1 - 151" title="Keys to the genera of Miridae of the world (Hemiptera)." volume="11" year="1955 a">1955a</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 80 (key);
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Carvalho, JCM" journalOrPublisher="Revista Chilena de Entomologia" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" pagination="221 - 227" title="Analecta miridologica: Miscellaneous observations in some American museums and bibliography." volume="4" year="1955 b">Carvalho 1955b</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 227 (note);
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Carvalho, JCM" journalOrPublisher="Orthotylinae" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" pagination="1 - 161" title="Catalogue of the Miridae of the World. Arquivos Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro. Part III." volume="47" year="1958">1958</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 141 (cat.);
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Knight, HH" journalOrPublisher="Brigham Young University Science Bulletin" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" pagination="1 - 282" title="Taxonomic Review: Miridae of the Nevada Test Site and the western United States." volume="9" year="1968">Knight 1968</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 158 (key);
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Carvalho, JCM" journalOrPublisher="United States Department of Agriculture Technical Bulletin" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" pagination="1 - 58" title="Taxonomy of the South American species of Ceratocapsus, with descriptions of 45 new species (Hemiptera: Miridae)." volume="1676" year="1983">Carvalho et al. 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 3 (note);
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Henry, TJ" editor="Henry, TJ" journalOrPublisher="Brill EJ, Leiden and New York" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" pagination="251 - 507" title="Family Miridae Hahn, 1833." volumeTitle="Catalog of the Heteroptera, or True Bugs, of Canada and the Continental United States" year="1988">Henry and Wheeler 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 399 (cat.);
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Henry, TJ" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" pagination="701 - 712" title="Revision of the myrmecomorphic plant bug genus Schaffneria Knight (Heteroptera: Miridae: Orthotylinae)." volume="96" year="1994">Henry 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 702 (note);
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Schuh, RT" journalOrPublisher="New York Entomological Society, New York" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" title="Plant Bugs of the World (Insecta: Heteroptera: Miridae). Systematic catalog, distributions, host list, and bibliography." year="1995">Schuh 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 181 (cat.). Type species:
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Pilophoropsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pilophoropsis brachyptera" order="Hemiptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brachyptera">Pilophoropsis brachyptera</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Poppius, 1914. Original designation.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Renodaella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Renodaella" order="Hemiptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Renodaella</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Knight, 1927: 306 (orig. descrip.);
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Carvalho, JCM" journalOrPublisher="Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" pagination="31 - 110" title="On the major classification of the Miridae (Hemiptera). (with keys to subfamilies and tribes and a catalogue of the world genera)." volume="24" year="1952">Carvalho 1952</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 83 (cat.);
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Carvalho, JCM" journalOrPublisher="Revista Chilena de Entomologia" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" pagination="221 - 227" title="Analecta miridologica: Miscellaneous observations in some American museums and bibliography." volume="4" year="1955 b">1955b</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 227 (note, syn.). Synonymized by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Carvalho, JCM" journalOrPublisher="Revista Chilena de Entomologia" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" pagination="221 - 227" title="Analecta miridologica: Miscellaneous observations in some American museums and bibliography." volume="4" year="1955 b">Carvalho 1955b</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 227. Type species:
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Renodaella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Renodaella nicholi" order="Hemiptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nicholi">Renodaella nicholi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Knight, 1927. Original designation.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="65" pageNumber="66" type="diagnosis">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Characterized by the recessed labial segment I that does not extend beyond the gular sulcus (Fig. 121); the shiny, strongly convex pronotum that narrows anteriorly and has the lateral margins sulcate, with the disc and calli evenly rounded; the mostly dull or satiny hemelytron having only the cuneus, embolium, and basal area of the membrane polished, distinct bands and patches of tightly arranged, silvery scale-like setae, and stout, erect, black, bristle-like setae on the clavus and corium. Males are fully macropterous. Females are always brachypterous, with the apex of the cuneus and membrane greatly abbreviated, and the hemelytral setal pattern modified; and the pronotum is more quadrate, with the convexity of disc sulcate through the middle.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="65" pageNumber="66" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Description.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Myrmecomorphic. Males macropterous; females brachypterous. Length of males 2.80-3.52 mm; length of females 2.36-3.12 mm. Head broader than long; posterior margin truncate, distinctly carinate, posterior margins of eyes level with base of vertex; eyes large, elongate oval, occupying more than half of dorsal head width, laterally occupying nearly three fourths of height; front broadly rounded at level from eye to eye, clypeus moderately acute, partially visible from dorsal aspect; segment I of labium arising from and completely enclosed within oval gular sulcus, segment not or hardly visible below buccula in lateral aspect; labium extending to middle or hind coxae. Antenna with segment I shortest, II longest, most slender on basal half, gradually enlarging to apex that is subequal to diameter of segment I, sometimes swollen or clavate apically; segments III and IV thickest, usually fusiform, III sometimes more slender on basal half. Pronotum trapeziform, lateral margins weakly sulcate, narrowing anteriorly to obscure narrow, transverse, collar-like area, posterior angles often broadly flared, posterior margin weakly rounded; mesoscutum covered by base of pronotum, scutellum equilateral, base sometimes covered by base of pronotum. Hemelytron dull or satiny, with cuneus, embolium, and basal area of membrane polished, lateral margins shallowly constricted between bases of cuneus and corium; with distinct patches and bands of tightly arranged silvery scale-like setae; intermixed on clavus and corium with stout, erect, black, bristle-like setae. Cuneus and membrane fully developed in males; claval suture absent and apex of membrane at that level across cuneus usually abbreviated in females, exposing apical 3 or 4 abdominal segments. Ventral surface shiny; ostiolar area white, without raised knob at end of scent channel; second visible abdominal segment with a dull or glaucous, quadrate patch ventrally. Legs unmodified; parempodia fleshy, convergent apically. Male aperture large, open, unarmed; generalized left paramere elongate, with a subtriangular, beak-like, apical process, with variable processes arising basally to about the middle of the main trunk; right paramere roughly C-shaped, main stem stout, with a large recurving, sometimes bifurcate, lateral arm; phallotheca generally slender, with a distinct apical hook; endosoma unmodified.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="65" pageNumber="66" type="etymology">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
|
||||
I follow
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Steyskal, GC" journalOrPublisher="Studia Entomologia" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" pagination="203 - 208" title="The grammar of names in the Catalogue of the Miridae (Heteroptera) of the World by Carvalho, 1957 - 1960." volume="16" year="1973">Steyskal (1973)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, who considered the suffix
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“opsis”">"opsis"</normalizedToken>
|
||||
feminine.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="66" pageNumber="67" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
|
||||
<pageBreakToken pageId="66" pageNumber="67" start="start">Discussion</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
|
||||
Prior to this study, only three species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Pilophoropsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pilophoropsis" order="Hemiptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pilophoropsis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
were recognized. Strong sexual dimorphism in this genus makes it difficult to associate males and females when collected separately. As a consequence, the male of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Pilophoropsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pilophoropsis brachyptera" order="Hemiptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brachyptera">Pilophoropsis brachyptera</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Poppius, B" journalOrPublisher="Annales de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" pagination="237 - 254" title="Uebersicht der Pilophorus-Arten nebst Beschreibung verwandter Gattungen (Hem. Het.)." volume="58" year="1914">Poppius (1914)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, previously known only from the brachypterous female, was described by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Knight, HH" journalOrPublisher="Brigham Young University Science Bulletin" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" pagination="1 - 282" title="Taxonomic Review: Miridae of the Nevada Test Site and the western United States." volume="9" year="1968">Knight (1968)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
as
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Pilophoropsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pilophoropsis balli" order="Hemiptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="balli">Pilophoropsis balli</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Polhemus, DA" journalOrPublisher="Pan-Pacific Entomologist" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" pagination="26 - 31" title="Myrmecomorphic Miridae (Hemiptera) on mistletoe: Phoradendrepulusmyrmecomorphus gen. n., sp. n., and a redescription of Pilophoropsisbrachypterus Poppius." volume="61" year="1985">Polhemus and Polhemus (1985)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, however, showed that these two species are synonyms based on a series of males, females, and nymphs they collected together in Arizona, thus emphasizing the importance of male genitalic characters for separating species in the
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" rank="tribe" tribe="Ceratocapsini">Ceratocapsini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. Females can be identified only by their association with males at this time.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="66" pageNumber="67">The following key relies primarily on male genitalic structures, nearly all of which may be viewed caudally without dissecting specimens.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="66" pageNumber="67" type="key to the males of pilophoropsis">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
|
||||
Key to the males of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Pilophoropsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pilophoropsis" order="Hemiptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pilophoropsis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
|
||||
<table pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
|
||||
<tr pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
|
||||
<td colspan="1" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" rowspan="1">268279</td>
|
||||
<td colspan="1" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" rowspan="1">2</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
|
||||
<td colspan="1" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" rowspan="1">3</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
|
||||
<td colspan="1" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" rowspan="1">266268267</td>
|
||||
<td colspan="1" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Heteroptera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heteroptera cunealis" order="Hemiptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cunealis">cunealis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp. n.
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
|
||||
<td colspan="1" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" rowspan="1">276278279277</td>
|
||||
<td colspan="1" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Heteroptera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heteroptera texana" order="Hemiptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="texana">texana</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Knight)
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
|
||||
<td colspan="1" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" rowspan="1">262265</td>
|
||||
<td colspan="1" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" rowspan="1">4</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
|
||||
<td colspan="1" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" rowspan="1">271274</td>
|
||||
<td colspan="1" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" rowspan="1">5</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
|
||||
<td colspan="1" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" rowspan="1">261260</td>
|
||||
<td colspan="1" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Heteroptera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heteroptera bejeanae" order="Hemiptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bejeanae">bejeanae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp. n.
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
|
||||
<td colspan="1" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" rowspan="1">264263</td>
|
||||
<td colspan="1" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Heteroptera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heteroptera brachyptera" order="Hemiptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brachyptera">brachyptera</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Poppius
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
|
||||
<td colspan="1" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" rowspan="1">273274275</td>
|
||||
<td colspan="1" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Heteroptera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heteroptera quercicola" order="Hemiptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quercicola">quercicola</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp. n.
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
|
||||
<td colspan="1" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" rowspan="1">270271</td>
|
||||
<td colspan="1" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" rowspan="1">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Heteroptera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heteroptera nicholi" order="Hemiptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nicholi">nicholi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Knight)
|
||||
</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
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