Add updates up until 2024-09-27 20:07:17
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@ -89,50 +89,28 @@ group polytomy
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Our approach identified the optimal number of gene tree clusters in our data as three. Cluster 1 contained 72 loci (33 protein-coding, 39 non-coding) with a mean length of 955 bp, and a mean number of parsimony-informative sites of 141. Cluster 2 contained 50 loci (21 protein-coding, 29 non-coding) with a mean length of 276 bp, and a mean number of parsimony-informative sites of 44. Cluster 3 contained 26 loci (17 protein-coding, 9 non-coding) with a mean length of 378 bp, and a mean number of parsimony-informative sites of 66. Re-estimating the phylogeny for each of the three clusters produced trees with no supported incongruence between, for both IQ-TREE (Supplementary
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<figureCitation id="F3D72A79E223FF93676FFC44EBF2FC7C" box="[98,182,996,1020]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="15.[164,201,1832,1855]" captionTargetBox="[98,1490,140,1802]" captionTargetId="graphics-2@15.[164,1280,193,1718]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig. 3. (Caption on next page)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13835473" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13835473/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="371">Fig. S3</figureCitation>
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) and ASTRAL phylogenies (see files under Data availability). RAxML gene trees from Clusters 1 and 2 were significantly longer than those in Cluster 3 (Dunn’s test; Bonferroni adjusted
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</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="5998EAEEE223FF93664AFBE4EA11FBDB" bold="true" box="[327,341,1092,1115]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="371">P</emphasis>
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= 8.99 × 10
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<superScript id="9C999BB4E223FF9366E7FBE0E943FBCE" attach="left" box="[490,519,1088,1102]" fontSize="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="371">−6</superScript>
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and
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<emphasis id="5998EAEEE223FF93654CFBE4E90BFBDB" bold="true" box="[577,591,1092,1115]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="371">
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<collectionCode id="0DFDAE39E223FF93654CFBE4E90BFBDB" box="[577,591,1092,1115]" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15763" name="Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants" pageId="16" pageNumber="371" type="Herbarium">P</collectionCode>
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</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="5998EAEEE223FF93654CFBE4E90BFBDB" bold="true" box="[577,591,1092,1115]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="371">P</emphasis>
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= 5.52 × 10
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<superScript id="9C999BB4E223FF9365E9FBE0E845FBCE" attach="none" box="[740,769,1088,1102]" fontSize="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="371">−4</superScript>
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respectively; Supplementary
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<figureCitation id="F3D72A79E223FF9366A9FBC4EAB1FBFC" box="[420,501,1124,1148]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="17.[153,190,1812,1835]" captionTargetBox="[153,1434,185,1781]" captionTargetId="graphics-2@17.[153,1397,185,1755]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig. 4. (Caption on next page)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13835479" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13835479/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="371">Fig. S4</figureCitation>
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). Bootstrap support was significantly different among all clusters, with support values in Cluster 1 being markedly higher than those in Clusters 2 and 3 (Dunn’s test; Bonferroni adjusted
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<emphasis id="5998EAEEE223FF93653BFB64E900FB5B" bold="true" box="[566,580,1220,1243]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="371">
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<collectionCode id="0DFDAE39E223FF93653BFB64E900FB5B" box="[566,580,1220,1243]" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15763" name="Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants" pageId="16" pageNumber="371" type="Herbarium">P</collectionCode>
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</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="5998EAEEE223FF93653BFB64E900FB5B" bold="true" box="[566,580,1220,1243]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="371">P</emphasis>
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= 2.97 × 10
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<superScript id="9C999BB4E223FF9365D4FB60E846FB4E" attach="none" box="[729,770,1216,1230]" fontSize="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="371">−13</superScript>
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for
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1–
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2,
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||||
<emphasis id="5998EAEEE223FF9367EBFB44EBB0FB7B" bold="true" box="[230,244,1252,1275]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="371">
|
||||
<collectionCode id="0DFDAE39E223FF9367EBFB44EBB0FB7B" box="[230,244,1252,1275]" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15763" name="Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants" pageId="16" pageNumber="371" type="Herbarium">P</collectionCode>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
for C1–C2,
|
||||
<emphasis id="5998EAEEE223FF9367EBFB44EBB0FB7B" bold="true" box="[230,244,1252,1275]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="371">P</emphasis>
|
||||
= 2.31 × 10
|
||||
<superScript id="9C999BB4E223FF936684FB40EAF5FB6E" attach="left" box="[393,433,1248,1262]" fontSize="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="371">−21</superScript>
|
||||
for
|
||||
<collectionCode id="0DFDAE39E223FF9366EAFB44EABEFB7C" box="[487,506,1252,1276]" country="Denmark" name="University of Copenhagen" pageId="16" pageNumber="371" type="Herbarium">C</collectionCode>
|
||||
1–
|
||||
<collectionCode id="0DFDAE39E223FF93651EFB44E962FB7C" box="[531,550,1252,1276]" country="Denmark" name="University of Copenhagen" pageId="16" pageNumber="371" type="Herbarium">C</collectionCode>
|
||||
3,
|
||||
<emphasis id="5998EAEEE223FF93654CFB44E90BFB7B" bold="true" box="[577,591,1252,1275]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="371">
|
||||
<collectionCode id="0DFDAE39E223FF93654CFB44E90BFB7B" box="[577,591,1252,1275]" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15763" name="Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants" pageId="16" pageNumber="371" type="Herbarium">P</collectionCode>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
for C1–C3,
|
||||
<emphasis id="5998EAEEE223FF93654CFB44E90BFB7B" bold="true" box="[577,591,1252,1275]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="371">P</emphasis>
|
||||
= 1.87 × 10
|
||||
<superScript id="9C999BB4E223FF9365E9FB40E846FB6E" attach="none" box="[740,770,1248,1262]" fontSize="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="371">−3</superScript>
|
||||
for
|
||||
<collectionCode id="0DFDAE39E223FF936787FAA4EBD8FA9C" box="[138,156,1284,1308]" country="Denmark" name="University of Copenhagen" pageId="16" pageNumber="371" type="Herbarium">C</collectionCode>
|
||||
2–
|
||||
<collectionCode id="0DFDAE39E223FF9367BAFAA4EB8DFA9C" box="[183,201,1284,1308]" country="Denmark" name="University of Copenhagen" pageId="16" pageNumber="371" type="Herbarium">C</collectionCode>
|
||||
3;
|
||||
for C2–C3;
|
||||
<figureCitation id="F3D72A79E223FF9367ECFAA4EA77FA9C" box="[225,307,1284,1308]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="17.[153,190,1812,1835]" captionTargetBox="[153,1434,185,1781]" captionTargetId="graphics-2@17.[153,1397,185,1755]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig. 4. (Caption on next page)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13835479" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13835479/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="371">Fig. S4</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
|
|
@ -162,28 +140,18 @@ with low-to-moderate support (UFBoot: 91; SH-aLRT: 82.9). The>50 and>60% t
|
|||
Fig. 5
|
||||
<emphasis id="5998EAEEE223FF936470FC14E8CDFC4C" bold="true" box="[893,905,948,972]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="371">b</emphasis>
|
||||
</figureCitation>
|
||||
). We found a significant difference in the number of resolved quartets between the three gene tree clusters from the tree space analysis (one-way
|
||||
<collectionCode id="0DFDAE39E223FF93623BFC54EECAFB8C" box="[1334,1422,1012,1036]" pageId="16" pageNumber="371">ANOVA</collectionCode>
|
||||
test;
|
||||
<emphasis id="5998EAEEE223FF93643FFBB4E87BFBAB" bold="true" box="[818,831,1044,1067]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="371">
|
||||
<collectionCode id="0DFDAE39E223FF93643FFBB4E87BFBAB" box="[818,831,1044,1067]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15707" name="Field Museum of Natural History, Botany Department" pageId="16" pageNumber="371" type="Herbarium">F</collectionCode>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
). We found a significant difference in the number of resolved quartets between the three gene tree clusters from the tree space analysis (one-way ANOVA test;
|
||||
<emphasis id="5998EAEEE223FF93643FFBB4E87BFBAB" bold="true" box="[818,831,1044,1067]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="371">F</emphasis>
|
||||
(2,145) = 18.82,
|
||||
<emphasis id="5998EAEEE223FF936303FBB4EF58FBAB" bold="true" box="[1038,1052,1044,1067]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="371">
|
||||
<collectionCode id="0DFDAE39E223FF936303FBB4EF58FBAB" box="[1038,1052,1044,1067]" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15763" name="Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants" pageId="16" pageNumber="371" type="Herbarium">P</collectionCode>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="5998EAEEE223FF936303FBB4EF58FBAB" bold="true" box="[1038,1052,1044,1067]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="371">P</emphasis>
|
||||
= 5.39 × 10
|
||||
<superScript id="9C999BB4E223FF9363BFFBB0EF94FB9E" attach="none" box="[1202,1232,1040,1054]" fontSize="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="371">−8</superScript>
|
||||
; Kruskal–
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="13FB766CE223FF936247FBB4EECAFBAC" box="[1354,1422,1044,1068]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="16" pageNumber="371">Wallis</collectingCountry>
|
||||
rank sum test;
|
||||
<emphasis id="5998EAEEE223FF9364A3FB94E884FBCB" bold="true" box="[942,960,1076,1099]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="371">
|
||||
<collectionCode id="0DFDAE39E223FF9364A3FB94E884FBCB" box="[942,960,1076,1099]" country="Finland" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15618" name="University of Helsinki" pageId="16" pageNumber="371" type="Herbarium">H</collectionCode>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="5998EAEEE223FF9364A3FB94E884FBCB" bold="true" box="[942,960,1076,1099]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="371">H</emphasis>
|
||||
= 40.437, d.f. = 2,
|
||||
<emphasis id="5998EAEEE223FF9363BAFB94EF81FBCB" bold="true" box="[1207,1221,1076,1099]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="371">
|
||||
<collectionCode id="0DFDAE39E223FF9363BAFB94EF81FBCB" box="[1207,1221,1076,1099]" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15763" name="Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants" pageId="16" pageNumber="371" type="Herbarium">P</collectionCode>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="5998EAEEE223FF9363BAFB94EF81FBCB" bold="true" box="[1207,1221,1076,1099]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="371">P</emphasis>
|
||||
= 1.657 × 10
|
||||
<superScript id="9C999BB4E223FF936264FB90EEC3FBBE" attach="none" box="[1385,1415,1072,1086]" fontSize="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="371">−9</superScript>
|
||||
). The mean number of resolved quartets for Clusters 1, 2 and 3 was 3019 (
|
||||
|
|
@ -217,15 +185,9 @@ Fig. 6
|
|||
</figureCitation>
|
||||
: Topologies 15, 5, 10, 13, 14). The three most likely topologies (15, 5, 10) were the only topologies to resolve the Clade 1 sister to the rest of the group. Clades 1 and 2 were grouped sister to Clades 3 and
|
||||
<quantity id="AC149B19E223FF9362CEF914E80CF96C" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.016" pageId="16" pageNumber="371" unit="in" value="4.0">4 in</quantity>
|
||||
Topology 13, and in Topology 14 Clade 2 was sister to the rest of the group, with Clade 1 being sister to Clades 3 and 4. The
|
||||
<collectionCode id="0DFDAE39E223FF93646EF8B4E8C2F8AC" box="[867,902,1812,1836]" country="China" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14774" name="Xiamen University" pageId="16" pageNumber="371" type="Herbarium">AU</collectionCode>
|
||||
test rejected four topologies (
|
||||
<emphasis id="5998EAEEE223FF9363DFF8B4EFA4F8AB" bold="true" box="[1234,1248,1812,1835]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="371">
|
||||
<collectionCode id="0DFDAE39E223FF9363DFF8B4EFA4F8AB" box="[1234,1248,1812,1835]" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15763" name="Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants" pageId="16" pageNumber="371" type="Herbarium">P</collectionCode>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
<0.05): 7, 9, 12 and the hard polytomy. The hard polytomy was found to be one of the least likely topologies, having a low log-likelihood score (−494 975.27) and being statistically supported by
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="DB843CA1E221FF91676FFA34EA31F9EC" collectionCode="SH, P" pageId="18" pageNumber="373" specimenCode="S4" specimenCount="1">
|
||||
only the unweighted and weighted
|
||||
Topology 13, and in Topology 14 Clade 2 was sister to the rest of the group, with Clade 1 being sister to Clades 3 and 4. The AU test rejected four topologies (
|
||||
<emphasis id="5998EAEEE223FF9363DFF8B4EFA4F8AB" bold="true" box="[1234,1248,1812,1835]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="371">P</emphasis>
|
||||
<0.05): 7, 9, 12 and the hard polytomy. The hard polytomy was found to be one of the least likely topologies, having a low log-likelihood score (−494 975.27) and being statistically supported by only the unweighted and weighted
|
||||
<collectionCode id="0DFDAE39E221FF9166FFFA34E956FA2C" box="[498,530,1428,1452]" country="China" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12540" name="Academia Sinica" pageId="18" pageNumber="373" type="Herbarium">SH</collectionCode>
|
||||
tests (
|
||||
<emphasis id="5998EAEEE221FF916553FA34E928FA2B" bold="true" box="[606,620,1428,1451]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="373">
|
||||
|
|
@ -241,7 +203,6 @@ tests (
|
|||
</emphasis>
|
||||
-values greater than 0.05 for all topologies). The bootstrap proportion and equal likely weights test did not place the hard polytomy topology in the 95% confidence set of trees. Summary statistics from topology testing are provided as Supplementary Table
|
||||
<specimenCode id="3B4A9E87E221FF91665AF9F4EA31F9EC" box="[343,373,1620,1644]" collectionCode="S" country="Sweden" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15668" name="Department of Botany, Swedish Museum of Natural History" pageId="18" pageNumber="373" type="Herbarium">S4</specimenCode>
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
|
|
@ -313,7 +274,7 @@ Fig. 5. Results of the likelihood-mapping analysis of loci. (
|
|||
<heading id="301B8190E221FF91676FF8A0E993F89D" bold="true" box="[98,727,1792,1821]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="373" reason="9">
|
||||
<emphasis id="5998EAEEE221FF91676FF8A0E993F89D" bold="true" box="[98,727,1792,1821]" pageId="18" pageNumber="373">
|
||||
Generic relationships in the
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="ACEC4D7FE221FF9166E6F8A1E938F89D" ID-CoL="633NG" box="[491,636,1793,1821]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Eriostemon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="18" pageNumber="373" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="ACEC4D7FE221FF9166E6F8A1E938F89D" ID-CoL="633NG" authority="Sm." box="[491,636,1793,1821]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Eriostemon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="18" pageNumber="373" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="5998EAEEE221FF9166E6F8A1E938F89D" bold="true" box="[491,636,1793,1821]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="373">Eriostemon</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
group
|
||||
|
|
@ -341,33 +302,24 @@ focussed primarily on relationships in the
|
|||
<taxonomicName id="ACEC4D7FE221FF916219FA34EEC3FA2C" box="[1300,1415,1428,1452]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Phebalium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="18" pageNumber="373" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="5998EAEEE221FF916219FA34EEC3FA2C" bold="true" box="[1300,1415,1428,1452]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="373">Phebalium</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
group (Clade 4
|
||||
<collectionCode id="0DFDAE39E221FF916482FA14E8DBFA4C" box="[911,927,1460,1484]" country="Germany" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15534" name="Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum Berlin-Dahlem, Zentraleinrichtung der Freien Universitaet" pageId="18" pageNumber="373" type="Herbarium">B</collectionCode>
|
||||
in our analyses) and
|
||||
group (Clade 4B in our analyses) and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="ACEC4D7FE221FF91639CFA14EFBEFA4C" box="[1169,1274,1460,1484]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Leionema" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="18" pageNumber="373" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="5998EAEEE221FF91639CFA14EFBEFA4C" bold="true" box="[1169,1274,1460,1484]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="373">Leionema</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, sampling comprehensively across those genera by using five markers (5145 bp in total; plastid markers
|
||||
<emphasis id="5998EAEEE221FF9163DAFA53EFBEF98B" bold="true" box="[1239,1274,1523,1547]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="373">psb</emphasis>
|
||||
<collectionCode id="0DFDAE39E221FF9163F6FA54EE48F98C" box="[1275,1292,1524,1548]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="18" pageNumber="373" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode>
|
||||
A
|
||||
<emphasis id="5998EAEEE221FF916201FA54EE7DF98B" bold="true" box="[1292,1337,1524,1547]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="373">–trn</emphasis>
|
||||
<collectionCode id="0DFDAE39E221FF916234FA54EE0BF98B" box="[1337,1359,1524,1547]" country="Finland" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15618" name="University of Helsinki" pageId="18" pageNumber="373" type="Herbarium">H</collectionCode>
|
||||
,
|
||||
H,
|
||||
<emphasis id="5998EAEEE221FF91626FFA54EEC6F98B" bold="true" box="[1378,1410,1524,1547]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="373">trn</emphasis>
|
||||
<collectionCode id="0DFDAE39E221FF91628FFA54EECBF98B" box="[1410,1423,1524,1547]" country="Netherlands" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15678" name="Nationaal Herbarium Nederland, Leiden University branch" pageId="18" pageNumber="373" type="Herbarium">L</collectionCode>
|
||||
L
|
||||
<emphasis id="5998EAEEE221FF91629DFA54EEF8F98B" bold="true" box="[1424,1468,1524,1547]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="373">–trn</emphasis>
|
||||
<collectionCode id="0DFDAE39E221FF9162B0FA54EE89F98B" box="[1469,1485,1524,1547]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15707" name="Field Museum of Natural History, Botany Department" pageId="18" pageNumber="373" type="Herbarium">F</collectionCode>
|
||||
,
|
||||
F,
|
||||
<emphasis id="5998EAEEE221FF91643FF9B3E810F9AB" bold="true" box="[818,852,1555,1579]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="373">rbc</emphasis>
|
||||
<collectionCode id="0DFDAE39E221FF916459F9B4E821F9AB" box="[852,869,1556,1579]" country="Netherlands" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15678" name="Nationaal Herbarium Nederland, Leiden University branch" pageId="18" pageNumber="373" type="Herbarium">L</collectionCode>
|
||||
; nrDNA markers
|
||||
<emphasis id="5998EAEEE221FF916321F9B4EF15F9AC" bold="true" box="[1068,1105,1556,1580]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="373">
|
||||
<collectionCode id="0DFDAE39E221FF916321F9B4EF15F9AC" box="[1068,1105,1556,1580]" pageId="18" pageNumber="373">ITS</collectionCode>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
L; nrDNA markers
|
||||
<emphasis id="5998EAEEE221FF916321F9B4EF15F9AC" bold="true" box="[1068,1105,1556,1580]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="373">ITS</emphasis>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<emphasis id="5998EAEEE221FF91636FF9B4EFC9F9AC" bold="true" box="[1122,1165,1556,1580]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="373">
|
||||
<collectionCode id="0DFDAE39E221FF91636FF9B4EFC9F9AC" box="[1122,1165,1556,1580]" pageId="18" pageNumber="373">ETS</collectionCode>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="5998EAEEE221FF91636FF9B4EFC9F9AC" bold="true" box="[1122,1165,1556,1580]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="373">ETS</emphasis>
|
||||
). With their smaller genetic dataset but more thorough taxon sampling of the group, they confirmed the monophyly of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="ACEC4D7FE221FF9163CAF9F3EE05F9EB" box="[1223,1345,1619,1643]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Asterolasia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="18" pageNumber="373" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="5998EAEEE221FF9163CAF9F3EE05F9EB" bold="true" box="[1223,1345,1619,1643]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="373">Asterolasia</emphasis>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,492 +0,0 @@
|
|||
<document id="16BCD86051AC5F584B8826C21179E714" ID-CLB-Dataset="303635" ID-DOI="10.1071/SB23011" ID-GBIF-Dataset="2e720a42-03fb-43d0-a3a6-bfb68068e50a" ID-ISSN="1446-5701" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13835465" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="carolina" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="carolina" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="carolina" IM.treatments_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1711998095612" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Orel, Harvey K., McLay, Todd G. B., Neal, Will C., Forster, Paul I. & Bayly, Michael J." docDate="2023" docId="E34587EAE22BFF99676FFA7BEA54FB0C" docLanguage="en" docName="AustSystBot.36.5.SB23011.pdf" docOrigin="Australian Systematic Botany 36 (5)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb23011" docStyle="DocumentStyle:95658B21DE372A8A7AD113EF76B40484.2:AustSystBot.2022-.journal_article.0cover" docStyleId="95658B21DE372A8A7AD113EF76B40484" docStyleName="AustSystBot.2022-.journal_article.0cover" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Eriostemon Wilson 1998" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="380" masterDocId="1F7CFF92E233FF83670DFFA0EB44FF80" masterDocTitle="Plastid phylogenomics of the Eriostemon group (Rutaceae; Zanthoxyloideae): support for major clades and investigation of a backbone polytomy" masterLastPageNumber="385" masterPageNumber="355" pageNumber="379" updateTime="1727207891518" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||||
<mods:mods id="43B101C3EE347A60F0CA916437326D22" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||||
<mods:titleInfo id="4E895E79ADBB7DF11EE848C098DFB907">
|
||||
<mods:title id="6CCED6EDB1178E5F4AB33B5F0D10AB92">Plastid phylogenomics of the Eriostemon group (Rutaceae; Zanthoxyloideae): support for major clades and investigation of a backbone polytomy</mods:title>
|
||||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:name id="66BF220BDC77BC6A644BBD29EA845A06" type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role id="B12DAC2D965D81EE1F72226FAA0EC681">
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm id="D971EC064542E7230392D6EB5C1B1096">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="44508FBD27E4F31E749313B04C347D37">Orel, Harvey K.</mods:namePart>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:name id="689C8F9E7A660C1258706E1E84B58824" type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role id="36B0B6FF3CA24114C9C5F1202B409A15">
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm id="AE04DF57584E34485BBC913D7CAB5061">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="BA8BECA457D481C4D01D934E85707BD8">McLay, Todd G. B.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F3489C47EE18A3F5E70DD09E7083FFA7">Neal, Will C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="CFA09589D36F4341D7DB24D996A4914E">Forster, Paul I.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="75C997F2154C98A048AD09146BC3F708">Bayly, Michael J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="29F1291D07F840ECBB46404D30CAD6BA">Australian Systematic Botany</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="F0B39BC349A28A6A4CB2F335B6307762">2023</mods:date>
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<treatment id="E34587EAE22BFF99676FFA7BEA54FB0C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13835500" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13835500" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E34587EAE22BFF99676FFA7BEA54FB0C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E34587EAE22BFF99676FFA7BEA54FB0C" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="380" pageId="24" pageNumber="379">
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<subSubSection id="23F66577E22BFF9B676FFA7BEA0AF99A" pageId="24" pageNumber="379" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="6B5336FCE22BFF9B676FFA7BEA0AF99A" blockId="24.[98,690,1499,1562]" pageId="24" pageNumber="379">
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<emphasis id="5998EAEEE22BFF9B676FFA7BEA0AF99A" bold="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="379">
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Interpreting the backbone polytomy in the
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="ACEC4D7FE22BFF9B676FFA5EEBB7F99A" ID-CoL="633NG" authority="Wilson" authorityName="Wilson" authorityYear="1998" box="[98,243,1534,1562]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Eriostemon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="24" pageNumber="379" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
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<emphasis id="5998EAEEE22BFF9B676FFA5EEBB7F99A" bold="true" box="[98,243,1534,1562]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="379">Eriostemon</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
|
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group
|
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="6B5336FCE22BFF9B678FF98EEB8DF9EF" blockId="24.[98,770,1582,1932]" pageId="24" pageNumber="379">
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<heading id="301B8190E22BFF9B678FF98EEB8DF9EF" bold="true" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="24" pageNumber="379" reason="9">
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<emphasis id="5998EAEEE22BFF9B678FF98EEB8DF9EF" bold="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="379">Is evolution multifurcating or are our data limited?</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
|
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<paragraph id="6B5336FCE22BFF9B678FF9D4EFF4FD8C" blockId="24.[98,770,1582,1932]" lastBlockId="24.[818,1491,180,1932]" pageId="24" pageNumber="379">
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||||
The amount of sequence data employed in our analyses represents a ~14-fold increase in dataset size compared with the most recent other studies on the group (106 885 bp in our phylogenomic alignment
|
||||
<emphasis id="5998EAEEE22BFF9B6676F974EAC3F96B" bold="true" box="[379,391,1748,1771]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="379">v</emphasis>
|
||||
. 7579 bp in
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="0F7D4B0DE22BFF9B651CF974E846F96C" author="Appelhans MS & Bayly MJ & Heslewood MM & Groppo M & Verboom GA & Forster PI & Kallunki JA & Duretto MF" box="[529,770,1747,1772]" pageId="24" pageNumber="379" pagination="1035 - 1061" refId="ref18956" refString="Appelhans MS, Bayly MJ, Heslewood MM, Groppo M, Verboom GA, Forster PI, Kallunki JA, Duretto MF (2021) A new subfamily classification of the Citrus family (Rutaceae) based on six nuclear and plastid markers. Taxon 70, 1035 - 1061. doi: 10.1002 / tax. 12543" type="journal article" year="2021">
|
||||
Appelhans
|
||||
<emphasis id="5998EAEEE22BFF9B6581F974E986F96B" bold="true" box="[652,706,1747,1771]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="379">et al.</emphasis>
|
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2021
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
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and 5145 bp in
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="0F7D4B0DE22BFF9B6611F954EAB8F88C" author="Duretto MF & Heslewood MM & Bayly MJ" box="[284,508,1780,1804]" pageId="24" pageNumber="379" pagination="107 - 142" refId="ref19961" refString="Duretto MF, Heslewood MM, Bayly MJ (2023) Generic and infrageneric limits of Phebalium and its allies (Rutaceae: Zanthoxyloideae). Australian Systematic Botany 36, 107 - 142. doi: 10.1071 / SB 22018" type="journal article" year="2023">
|
||||
Duretto
|
||||
<emphasis id="5998EAEEE22BFF9B6671F954EAF3F88C" bold="true" box="[380,439,1780,1804]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="379">et al.</emphasis>
|
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2023
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
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). Even with this large dataset, we were unable to resolve backbone relationships between four supported major lineages of genera (
|
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<figureCitation id="F3D72A79E22BFF9B65A2F894E9B5F8CC" box="[687,753,1844,1868]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="15.[164,201,1832,1855]" captionTargetBox="[98,1490,140,1802]" captionTargetId="graphics-2@15.[164,1280,193,1718]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig. 3. (Caption on next page)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13835473" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13835473/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="379">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Across all analyses, these lineages were arranged on very short, unsupported branches that we have treated as a polytomy. Short divergences in molecular phylogenies may be explained by both biological and experimental causes. Biologically, polytomies can be the result of true multifurcations (so-called
|
||||
<emphasis id="5998EAEEE22BFF9B64E8FEB4EF5CFEAC" bold="true" box="[997,1048,276,300]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="379">hard</emphasis>
|
||||
polytomies) caused by rapid radiation and simultaneous divergence events. However, polytomies may arise as a result of reaching the limit of resolution in the estimated tree (so-called
|
||||
<emphasis id="5998EAEEE22BFF9B634AFED4EF2AFE0C" bold="true" box="[1095,1134,372,396]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="379">soft</emphasis>
|
||||
polytomies) caused by using an insufficient amount of sequence data or sequence variation, conflicting data, or inappropriate methods of analysis (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="0F7D4B0DE22BFF9B6436FE74E8A8FE6C" author="Slowinski JB" box="[827,1004,468,492]" pageId="24" pageNumber="379" pagination="114 - 120" refId="ref22466" refString="Slowinski JB (2001) Molecular Polytomies. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 19, 114 - 120. doi: 10.1006 / mpev. 2000.0897" type="journal article" year="2001">Slowinski 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="0F7D4B0DE22BFF9B64F2FE74EE15FE6C" author="Whitfield JB & Lockhart PJ" box="[1023,1361,468,492]" pageId="24" pageNumber="379" pagination="258 - 265" refId="ref22966" refString="Whitfield JB, Lockhart PJ (2007) Deciphering ancient rapid radiations. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 22, 258 - 265. doi: 10.1016 / j. tree. 2007. 01.012" type="journal article" year="2007">Whitfield and Lockhart 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="0F7D4B0DE22BFF9B6268FE74E82FFD8C" author="Lin GN & Zhang C & Xu D" pageId="24" pageNumber="379" pagination="2" refId="ref21438" refString="Lin GN, Zhang C, Xu D (2011) Polytomy identification in microbial phylogenetic reconstruction. BMC Systems Biology 5, S 2. doi: 10.1186 / 1752 - 0509 - 5 - S 3 - S 2" type="journal article" year="2011">
|
||||
Lin
|
||||
<emphasis id="5998EAEEE22BFF9B6298FE74EE95FE6C" bold="true" box="[1429,1489,468,492]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="379">et al.</emphasis>
|
||||
2011
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="0F7D4B0DE22BFF9B6477FE54EFE4FD8C" author="Sayyari E & Mirarab S" box="[890,1184,500,524]" pageId="24" pageNumber="379" pagination="132" refId="ref22264" refString="Sayyari E, Mirarab S (2018) Testing for polytomies in phylogenetic species trees using quartet frequencies. Genes 9, 132. doi: 10.3390 / genes 9030132" type="journal article" year="2018">Sayyari and Mirarab 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="6B5336FCE22BFF9B645FFDB4EED8FD0C" blockId="24.[818,1491,180,1932]" pageId="24" pageNumber="379">In ptDNA, conflicting phylogenetic signal may be attributed to topological incongruence among gene trees, noise introduced by site saturation, or applying substitution models uniformly across genes with differing rates of evolution.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="6B5336FCE22BFF9B645FFD34EF3EF94C" blockId="24.[818,1491,180,1932]" pageId="24" pageNumber="379">
|
||||
The first of these causes belongs to the species tree paradigm (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="0F7D4B0DE22BFF9B6476FD14E8B9FD4C" author="Doyle JJ" box="[891,1021,692,716]" pageId="24" pageNumber="379" pagination="476 - 489" refId="ref19830" refString="Doyle JJ (2021) Defining coalescent genes: theory meets practice in organelle phylogenomics. Systematic Biology 71, 476 - 489. doi: 10.1093 / sysbio / syab 053" type="journal article" year="2021">Doyle 2021</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
), in which systematists infer species trees from gene trees under the multispecies coalescent (
|
||||
<collectionCode id="0DFDAE39E22BFF9B629EFD74EE8FFD6C" box="[1427,1483,724,748]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15587" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15587" name="Michigan State University" pageId="24" pageNumber="379" type="Herbarium">MSC</collectionCode>
|
||||
) model that assumes free recombination between unlinked genes (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="0F7D4B0DE22BFF9B649FFCB4EF07FCAC" author="Edwards SV" box="[914,1091,788,812]" pageId="24" pageNumber="379" pagination="1 - 19" refId="ref20002" refString="Edwards SV (2009) Is a new and general theory of molecular systematics emerging. Evolution 63, 1 - 19. doi: 10.1111 / j. 1558 - 5646.2008. 00549. x" type="journal article" year="2009">Edwards 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). Because of this assumption, coalescence-based approaches have generally been applied to studies utilising unlinked nuclear genes. However, several studies have reported conflicting phylogenetic signals among plastid genes (e.g.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="0F7D4B0DE22BFF9B6318FC34EF9BFC2C" author="Zeng L & Zhang Q & Sun R & Kong H & Zhang N & Ma H" box="[1045,1247,916,940]" pageId="24" pageNumber="379" pagination="4956" refId="ref23328" refString="Zeng L, Zhang Q, Sun R, Kong H, Zhang N, Ma H (2014) Resolution of deep angiosperm phylogeny using conserved nuclear genes and estimates of early divergence times. Nature Communications 5, 4956. doi: 10.1038 / ncomms 5956" type="journal article" year="2014">
|
||||
Zeng
|
||||
<emphasis id="5998EAEEE22BFF9B6354FC34EFD3FC2C" bold="true" box="[1113,1175,916,940]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="379">et al.</emphasis>
|
||||
2014
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="0F7D4B0DE22BFF9B63F9FC34EE8FFC2C" author="Foster CSP & Henwood MJ & Ho SYW" box="[1268,1483,916,940]" pageId="24" pageNumber="379" pagination="156 - 167" refId="ref20159" refString="Foster CSP, Henwood MJ, Ho SYW (2018) Plastome sequences and exploration of tree-space help to resolve the phylogeny of riceflowers (Thymelaeaceae: Pimelea). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 127, 156 - 167. doi: 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2018.05.018" type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||||
Foster
|
||||
<emphasis id="5998EAEEE22BFF9B624BFC34EEC7FC2C" bold="true" box="[1350,1411,916,940]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="379">et al.</emphasis>
|
||||
2018
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="0F7D4B0DE22BFF9B643FFC14EF7DFC4C" author="Goncalves DJP & Simpson BB & Ortiz EM & Shimizu GH & Jansen RK" box="[818,1081,948,972]" pageId="24" pageNumber="379" pagination="219 - 232" refId="ref20261" refString="Goncalves DJP, Simpson BB, Ortiz EM, Shimizu GH, Jansen RK (2019) Incongruence between gene trees and species trees and phylogenetic signal variation in plastid genes. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 138, 219 - 232. doi: 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2019.05.022" type="journal article" year="2019">
|
||||
Gonçalves
|
||||
<emphasis id="5998EAEEE22BFF9B64BCFC14E8B4FC4C" bold="true" box="[945,1008,948,972]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="379">et al.</emphasis>
|
||||
2019
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
), and the topic of whether these methods are suitable for analysing plastid loci (which have historically been treated as linked;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="0F7D4B0DE22BFF9B63DCFC54EE12FB8C" author="Doyle JJ" box="[1233,1366,1012,1036]" pageId="24" pageNumber="379" pagination="537 - 553" refId="ref19796" refString="Doyle JJ (1997) Trees within trees: genes and species, molecules and morphology. Systematic Biology 46, 537 - 553. doi: 10.1093 / sysbio / 46.3. 537" type="journal article" year="1997">Doyle 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
) has been subject to recent debate (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="0F7D4B0DE22BFF9B6362FBB4EE3EFBAC" author="Goncalves DJP & Jansen RK & Ruhlman TA & Mandel JR" box="[1135,1402,1044,1068]" pageId="24" pageNumber="379" pagination="106903" refId="ref20312" refString="Goncalves DJP, Jansen RK, Ruhlman TA, Mandel JR (2020) Under the rug: abandoning persistent misconceptions that obfuscate organelle evolution. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 151, 106903. doi: 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2020.106903" type="journal article" year="2020">
|
||||
Gonçalves
|
||||
<emphasis id="5998EAEEE22BFF9B63FDFBB4EE74FBAC" bold="true" box="[1264,1328,1044,1068]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="379">et al.</emphasis>
|
||||
2020
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="0F7D4B0DE22BFF9B629CFBB4E82FFBCC" author="Doyle JJ" pageId="24" pageNumber="379" pagination="476 - 489" refId="ref19830" refString="Doyle JJ (2021) Defining coalescent genes: theory meets practice in organelle phylogenomics. Systematic Biology 71, 476 - 489. doi: 10.1093 / sysbio / syab 053" type="journal article" year="2021">Doyle 2021</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). Although our analysis of tree space identified three different gene-tree clusters, estimation of the cluster phylogenies produced congruent topologies that differed mainly in their levels of branch support; thus, we found no evidence for conflicting signals among gene trees. This may reflect a failure of Robinson-Fould distances to adequately identify meaningful phylogenetic similarity (see
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="0F7D4B0DE22BFF9B621CFB54EEDFFA8C" author="Smith MR" box="[1297,1435,1268,1292]" pageId="24" pageNumber="379" pagination="1255 - 1270" refId="ref22491" refString="Smith MR (2022) Robust Analysis of Phylogenetic Tree Space. Systematic Biology 71, 1255 - 1270. doi: 10.1093 / sysbio / syab 100" type="journal article" year="2022">Smith 2022</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
), or simply show that there is no strong conflict among gene trees in each cluster. Instead of differences in tree topology among clusters, the identification of three gene-tree clusters may be the result of differing levels of phylogenetic informativeness across gene trees, with Cluster 1 containing, on average, the most informative genes with generally better-resolved topologies than for Clusters 2 and 3. We attribute the generally lower branch-support values displayed by our ASTRAL phylogeny to the lower resolving power of individual genes
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="ACEC4D7FE22BFF9B64AAF994EF1CF9CC" box="[935,1112,1588,1612]" pageId="24" pageNumber="379" rank="variety" variety="concatenated">
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||||
<emphasis id="5998EAEEE22BFF9B64AAF994E8F7F9CB" bold="true" box="[935,947,1588,1611]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="379">v</emphasis>
|
||||
. concatenated
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
genes (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="0F7D4B0DE22BFF9B63B9F994EE73F9CC" author="Doyle JJ" box="[1204,1335,1588,1612]" pageId="24" pageNumber="379" pagination="476 - 489" refId="ref19830" refString="Doyle JJ (2021) Defining coalescent genes: theory meets practice in organelle phylogenomics. Systematic Biology 71, 476 - 489. doi: 10.1093 / sysbio / syab 053" type="journal article" year="2021">Doyle 2021</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
), rather than conflicting gene-tree topologies (this is also supported by gene discordance factors for the tree in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="F3D72A79E22BFF9B6209F9D4EE02F90C" box="[1284,1350,1652,1676]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="15.[164,201,1832,1855]" captionTargetBox="[98,1490,140,1802]" captionTargetId="graphics-2@15.[164,1280,193,1718]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig. 3. (Caption on next page)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13835473" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13835473/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="379">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||||
; mean gCF: 41.9, mean gDF1: 5.8, mean gDF2: 5.6 across all branches; see Data availability for file).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="6B5336FCE22BFF9A645FF974EACFFEEC" blockId="24.[818,1491,180,1932]" lastBlockId="25.[98,770,180,1932]" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="380" pageId="24" pageNumber="379">
|
||||
Second, we are able to dismiss noise caused by site saturation as a potential source of conflict on the basis of the persistence of the polytomy in the analyses of the likelihood mapping subsets (with noisy loci removed), the DNA alignment partitioned by codon position, and the translated
|
||||
<collectionCode id="0DFDAE39E22BFF9B643FF8D4E825F80C" box="[818,865,1908,1932]" country="Ecuador" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15840" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15840" name="Charles Darwin Research Station" pageId="24" pageNumber="379" type="Herbarium">CDS</collectionCode>
|
||||
alignment (Supplementary
|
||||
<figureCitation id="F3D72A79E22BFF9B63ABF8D4EFBEF80C" box="[1190,1274,1908,1932]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="19.[311,348,1213,1236]" captionTargetBox="[198,1367,167,1182]" captionTargetId="graphics-304@19.[324,1275,284,732]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Fig. 6. Results of topology tests for the backbone polytomy in the Eriostemon group. (a) The 15 possible resolutions of the polytomy (for the four supported clades) that testing was conducted on, ordered by most likely to least likely from left to right, top to bottom (note: the hard polytomy resolution is not depicted). (b) Plot of log likelihoods for each possible topology. The topology matching the most likely tree is denoted by a star, and the hard polytomy topology is denoted by a triangle." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13835488" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13835488/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="379">Fig. S6</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Similarly, if rate variation among loci were a contributor of conflict, then our IQ-TREE analysis partitioned by locus would have produced a result different from that from the unpartitioned analysis. Hence, we consider it unlikely that conflicting phylogenetic signal is a significant cause of the short, unsupported branches of the polytomy.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="6B5336FCE22AFF9A678FFED4E9EEFAEC" blockId="25.[98,770,180,1932]" pageId="25" pageNumber="380">
|
||||
Previous molecular phylogenies of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="ACEC4D7FE22AFF9A6543FED5E9F0FE0C" box="[590,692,373,396]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="25" pageNumber="380" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Rutaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
have resolved deeper relationships than that of our polytomy with far less ptDNA sequence data and comparable sequence variation (e.g.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="0F7D4B0DE22AFF9A6607FE74EAA4FE6C" author="Groppo M & Pirani JR & Salatino MLF & Blanco SR & Kallunki JA" box="[266,480,468,492]" pageId="25" pageNumber="380" pagination="985 - 1005" refId="ref20382" refString="Groppo M, Pirani JR, Salatino MLF, Blanco SR, Kallunki JA (2008) Phylogeny of Rutaceae based on two noncoding regions from cpDNA. American Journal of Botany 95, 985 - 1005. doi: 10.3732 / ajb. 2007313" type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||||
Groppo
|
||||
<emphasis id="5998EAEEE22AFF9A666BFE74EADAFE6C" bold="true" box="[358,414,468,492]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="380">et al.</emphasis>
|
||||
2008
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="0F7D4B0DE22AFF9A66FDFE74E96DFE6C" author="Groppo M & Kallunki JA & Pirani JR & Antonelli A" box="[496,553,468,492]" pageId="25" pageNumber="380" pagination="9 - 29" refId="ref20427" refString="Groppo M, Kallunki JA, Pirani JR, Antonelli A (2012) Chilean Pitavia more closely related to Oceania and Old World Rutaceae than to Neotropical groups: evidence from two cpDNA non-coding regions, with a new subfamilial classification of the family. PhytoKeys 19, 9 - 29. doi: 10.3897 / phytokeys. 19.3912" type="journal article" year="2012">2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="0F7D4B0DE22AFF9A6534FE74E9BEFE6C" author="Bayly MJ & Holmes GD & Forster PI & Cantrill DJ & Ladiges PY" box="[569,762,468,492]" pageId="25" pageNumber="380" pagination="72493" refId="ref19397" refString="Bayly MJ, Holmes GD, Forster PI, Cantrill DJ, Ladiges PY (2013) Major clades of Australasian Rutoideae (Rutaceae) based on rbcL and atpB sequences. PLoS One 8, e 72493. doi: 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0072493" type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||||
Bayly
|
||||
<emphasis id="5998EAEEE22AFF9A658DFE74E9FCFE6C" bold="true" box="[640,696,468,492]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="380">et al.</emphasis>
|
||||
2013
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="0F7D4B0DE22AFF9A676FFE54EA10FD8C" author="Appelhans MS & Bayly MJ & Heslewood MM & Groppo M & Verboom GA & Forster PI & Kallunki JA & Duretto MF" box="[98,340,499,524]" pageId="25" pageNumber="380" pagination="1035 - 1061" refId="ref18956" refString="Appelhans MS, Bayly MJ, Heslewood MM, Groppo M, Verboom GA, Forster PI, Kallunki JA, Duretto MF (2021) A new subfamily classification of the Citrus family (Rutaceae) based on six nuclear and plastid markers. Taxon 70, 1035 - 1061. doi: 10.1002 / tax. 12543" type="journal article" year="2021">
|
||||
Appelhans
|
||||
<emphasis id="5998EAEEE22AFF9A67D0FE54EA57FD8B" bold="true" box="[221,275,499,523]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="380">et al.</emphasis>
|
||||
2021
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). Several studies have also shown that lower-level relationships can be resolved using less data (e.g.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="0F7D4B0DE22AFF9A6793FD95EA33FDCC" author="Barrett RA & Bayly MJ & Duretto MF & Forster PI & Ladiges PY & Cantrill DJ" box="[158,375,564,588]" pageId="25" pageNumber="380" pagination="427 - 449" refId="ref19241" refString="Barrett RA, Bayly MJ, Duretto MF, Forster PI, Ladiges PY, Cantrill DJ (2014) A chloroplast phylogeny of Zieria (Rutaceae) in Australia and New Caledonia shows widespread incongruence with species-level taxonomy. Australian Systematic Botany 27, 427 - 449. doi: 10.1071 / SB 14033" type="journal article" year="2014">
|
||||
Barrett
|
||||
<emphasis id="5998EAEEE22AFF9A67FAFD94EA76FDCC" bold="true" box="[247,306,564,588]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="380">et al.</emphasis>
|
||||
2014
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="0F7D4B0DE22AFF9A6687FD94E910FDCC" author="Bayly MJ & Holmes GD & Forster PI & Munzinger J & Cantrill DJ & Ladiges PY" box="[394,596,564,588]" pageId="25" pageNumber="380" pagination="1457 - 1470" refId="ref19445" refString="Bayly MJ, Holmes GD, Forster PI, Munzinger J, Cantrill DJ, Ladiges PY (2016) Phylogeny, classification and biogeography of Halfordia (Rutaceae) in Australia and New Caledonia. Plant Systematics and Evolution 302, 1457 - 1470. doi: 10.1007 / s 00606 - 016 - 1344 - 0" type="journal article" year="2016">
|
||||
Bayly
|
||||
<emphasis id="5998EAEEE22AFF9A66D9FD94E94AFDCC" bold="true" box="[468,526,564,588]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="380">et al.</emphasis>
|
||||
2016
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="0F7D4B0DE22AFF9A656BFD95EBDFFDEC" author="Duretto MF & Heslewood MM & Bayly MJ" pageId="25" pageNumber="380" pagination="481 - 499" refId="ref19918" refString="Duretto MF, Heslewood MM, Bayly MJ (2020) Boronia (Rutaceae) is polyphyletic: reinstating Cyanothamnus and the problems associated with inappropriately defined outgroups. Taxon 69, 481 - 499. doi: 10.1002 / tax. 12242" type="journal article" year="2020">
|
||||
Duretto
|
||||
<emphasis id="5998EAEEE22AFF9A65CAFD94E845FDCC" bold="true" box="[711,769,564,588]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="380">et al.</emphasis>
|
||||
2020
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="0F7D4B0DE22AFF9A67A6FDF4EBA0FDEC" author="Duretto MF & Heslewood MM & Bayly MJ" box="[171,228,596,620]" pageId="25" pageNumber="380" pagination="107 - 142" refId="ref19961" refString="Duretto MF, Heslewood MM, Bayly MJ (2023) Generic and infrageneric limits of Phebalium and its allies (Rutaceae: Zanthoxyloideae). Australian Systematic Botany 36, 107 - 142. doi: 10.1071 / SB 22018" type="journal article" year="2023">2023</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). On the basis of these precedents, our dataset should be appropriate for resolving relationships at the taxonomic level of the polytomy. However, some biological characteristics of the plastome may render it inappropriate for resolving divergences that occurred over a short period of time. In plants, the plastome evolves at a relatively slow rate, at least half that of the nuclear genome (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="0F7D4B0DE22AFF9A6570FCB4EBDFFCCC" author="Wolfe KH & Li WH & Sharp PM" pageId="25" pageNumber="380" pagination="9054 - 9058" refId="ref23281" refString="Wolfe KH, Li WH, Sharp PM (1987) Rates of nucleotide substitution vary greatly among plant mitochondrial, chloroplast, and nuclear DNAs. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 84, 9054 - 9058. doi: 10.1073 / pnas. 84.24.9054" type="journal article" year="1987">
|
||||
Wolfe
|
||||
<emphasis id="5998EAEEE22AFF9A65C5FCB4E845FCAB" bold="true" box="[712,769,787,811]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="380">et al.</emphasis>
|
||||
1987
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). Genomes that evolve at slower rates are less capable of accumulating phylogenetically informative evolutionary changes during rapid radiations. In addition, lineage sorting is expected to progress more rapidly in ptDNA than in nDNA because of the smaller effective population size of the plastome (generally ¼ that of nuclear genes, with the exception of regions such as nuclear ribosomal DNA that are subjected to concerted evolution;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="0F7D4B0DE22AFF9A6695FBB4E9BEFBAC" author="Buckler ES & Holtsford TP" box="[408,762,1044,1068]" pageId="25" pageNumber="380" pagination="612 - 622" refId="ref19616" refString="Buckler ES, Holtsford TP (1996) Zea systematics: ribosomal ITS evidence. Molecular Biology and Evolution 13, 612 - 622. doi: 10.1093 / oxfordjournals. molbev. a 025621" type="journal article" year="1996">Buckler and Holtsford 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="0F7D4B0DE22AFF9A676FFB94EA7EFBCC" author="Palumbi SR & Cipriano F & Hare MP" box="[98,314,1075,1100]" pageId="25" pageNumber="380" pagination="859 - 868" refId="ref21964" refString="Palumbi SR, Cipriano F, Hare MP (2001) Predicting nuclear gene coalescence from mitochondrial data: the three-times rule. Evolution 55, 859 - 868. doi: 10.1554 / 0014 - 3820 (2001) 055 [0859: PNGCFM] 2.0. CO; 2" type="journal article" year="2001">
|
||||
Palumbi
|
||||
<emphasis id="5998EAEEE22AFF9A67C8FB94EBBEFBCB" bold="true" box="[197,250,1075,1099]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="380">et al.</emphasis>
|
||||
2001
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). Because of these features, the plastome may not be as useful as the nuclear genome for investigating lineages that have rapidly radiated, because there is less time for phylogenetically informative mutations to accumulate before lineages are sorted. If rapid radiation has occurred in the distant past, as is potentially the case in the
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="ACEC4D7FE22AFF9A67B3FB54EA7CFA8C" authorityName=", Wilson" authorityYear="1998" box="[190,312,1268,1292]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Eriostemon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="25" pageNumber="380" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="5998EAEEE22AFF9A67B3FB54EA7CFA8C" bold="true" box="[190,312,1268,1292]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="380">Eriostemon</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
group, this problem is likely to be compounded by subsequent lineage-specific mutations that can mask phylogenetically informative changes accumulated during the radiation (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="0F7D4B0DE22AFF9A665BFAF4E9DEFAEC" author="Whitfield JB & Lockhart PJ" box="[342,666,1364,1388]" pageId="25" pageNumber="380" pagination="258 - 265" refId="ref22966" refString="Whitfield JB, Lockhart PJ (2007) Deciphering ancient rapid radiations. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 22, 258 - 265. doi: 10.1016 / j. tree. 2007. 01.012" type="journal article" year="2007">Whitfield and Lockhart 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="6B5336FCE22AFF9A678FFAD4E9F5F9EC" blockId="25.[98,770,180,1932]" pageId="25" pageNumber="380">
|
||||
Our ASTRAL polytomy test was unable to reject that the polytomy is not a true multifurcation (
|
||||
<emphasis id="5998EAEEE22AFF9A651AFA34E961FA2B" bold="true" box="[535,549,1428,1451]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="380">
|
||||
<collectionCode id="0DFDAE39E22AFF9A651AFA34E961FA2B" box="[535,549,1428,1451]" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15763" name="Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants" pageId="25" pageNumber="380" type="Herbarium">P</collectionCode>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
> 0.5 for all polytomy branches). However, as this test relies on calculating gene-tree topology likelihoods under the
|
||||
<collectionCode id="0DFDAE39E22AFF9A654AFA74E93EFA6C" box="[583,634,1492,1516]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15587" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15587" name="Michigan State University" pageId="25" pageNumber="380" type="Herbarium">MSC</collectionCode>
|
||||
model, the application of the test to our dataset of plastome loci is probably inappropriate (owing to divergence from the
|
||||
<collectionCode id="0DFDAE39E22AFF9A676FF994EBD1F9CC" box="[98,149,1588,1612]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15587" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15587" name="Michigan State University" pageId="25" pageNumber="380" type="Herbarium">MSC</collectionCode>
|
||||
model), and hence this result should be interpreted cautiously (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="0F7D4B0DE22AFF9A67EBF9F4E94BF9EC" author="Sayyari E & Mirarab S" box="[230,527,1620,1644]" pageId="25" pageNumber="380" pagination="132" refId="ref22264" refString="Sayyari E, Mirarab S (2018) Testing for polytomies in phylogenetic species trees using quartet frequencies. Genes 9, 132. doi: 10.3390 / genes 9030132" type="journal article" year="2018">Sayyari and Mirarab 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="0F7D4B0DE22AFF9A6512F9F4E9E5F9EC" author="Doyle JJ" box="[543,673,1620,1644]" pageId="25" pageNumber="380" pagination="476 - 489" refId="ref19830" refString="Doyle JJ (2021) Defining coalescent genes: theory meets practice in organelle phylogenomics. Systematic Biology 71, 476 - 489. doi: 10.1093 / sysbio / syab 053" type="journal article" year="2021">Doyle 2021</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="6B5336FCE22AFF9A678FF9D4E9DCF8AC" blockId="25.[98,770,180,1932]" pageId="25" pageNumber="380">
|
||||
Results from our tree-topology tests are likely to be more reliable. These showed a trend of higher support for topologies with Clade 1 as sister to the rest of the
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="ACEC4D7FE22AFF9A6534F914E9F7F94C" authorityName=", Wilson" authorityYear="1998" box="[569,691,1716,1740]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Eriostemon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="25" pageNumber="380" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="5998EAEEE22AFF9A6534F914E9F7F94C" bold="true" box="[569,691,1716,1740]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="380">Eriostemon</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
group, and low support for a multifurcating topology, suggesting that relationships between these lineages are perhaps more likely to be bifurcating rather than multifurcating.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="6B5336FCE22AFF9A678FF894EE22FEEC" blockId="25.[98,770,180,1932]" lastBlockId="25.[818,1490,180,364]" pageId="25" pageNumber="380">
|
||||
The true nature of relationships around the backbone polytomy in the
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="ACEC4D7FE22AFF9A6634F8F4EAF7F8EC" authorityName=", Wilson" authorityYear="1998" box="[313,435,1876,1900]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Eriostemon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="25" pageNumber="380" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="5998EAEEE22AFF9A6634F8F4EAF7F8EC" bold="true" box="[313,435,1876,1900]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="380">Eriostemon</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
group remains difficult to answer with the current dataset, and we suggest that further investigation using more appropriate data, in particular, multi-locus nuclear DNA markers, is required before any conclusions are made regarding the
|
||||
<emphasis id="5998EAEEE22AFF9A63D6FF54EE4AFE8C" bold="true" box="[1243,1294,244,268]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="380">hard</emphasis>
|
||||
or
|
||||
<emphasis id="5998EAEEE22AFF9A6230FF54EE20FE8C" bold="true" box="[1341,1380,244,268]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="380">soft</emphasis>
|
||||
status of the polytomy. Clarification of the polytomy, and its
|
||||
<emphasis id="5998EAEEE22AFF9A6272FEB4EEF6FEAC" bold="true" box="[1407,1458,276,300]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="380">hard</emphasis>
|
||||
or
|
||||
<emphasis id="5998EAEEE22AFF9A643FFE93E81DFECB" bold="true" box="[818,857,307,331]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="380">soft</emphasis>
|
||||
status, will also allow for interpretation of the higher-level branching order and evolution of the group.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="6B5336FCE22AFF9A645FFE31EE81FE2D" blockId="25.[818,1490,401,1933]" box="[850,1477,401,429]" pageId="25" pageNumber="380">
|
||||
<heading id="301B8190E22AFF9A645FFE31EE81FE2D" bold="true" box="[850,1477,401,429]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="25" pageNumber="380" reason="9">
|
||||
<emphasis id="5998EAEEE22AFF9A645FFE31EE81FE2D" bold="true" box="[850,1477,401,429]" pageId="25" pageNumber="380">The significance of understanding the polytomy</emphasis>
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="6B5336FCE22AFF9A645FFE14EE72FCCC" blockId="25.[818,1490,401,1933]" pageId="25" pageNumber="380">
|
||||
Together, the clades that make up the backbone polytomy in the
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="ACEC4D7FE22AFF9A6470FE74E8B3FE6C" authorityName=", Wilson" authorityYear="1998" box="[893,1015,468,492]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Eriostemon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="25" pageNumber="380" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="5998EAEEE22AFF9A6470FE74E8B3FE6C" bold="true" box="[893,1015,468,492]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="380">Eriostemon</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
group (i.e. Clades 1–4) contain 16 genera (13 Australian) and ~204 species (~194 Australian) that include a large proportion of Australia’s
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="ACEC4D7FE22AFF9A6208FDB4EE2CFDAB" box="[1285,1384,532,555]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="25" pageNumber="380" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Rutaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
diversity (total ~42 genera, ~490 spp.). Taxa in the
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="ACEC4D7FE22AFF9A621DFD94EECEFDCC" authorityName=", Wilson" authorityYear="1998" box="[1296,1418,564,588]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Eriostemon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="25" pageNumber="380" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="5998EAEEE22AFF9A621DFD94EECEFDCC" bold="true" box="[1296,1418,564,588]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="380">Eriostemon</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
group account for nearly all of the
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="ACEC4D7FE22AFF9A63BCFDF4EE50FDEB" box="[1201,1300,596,619]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="25" pageNumber="380" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Rutaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
that occur on low-nutrient soils in dry sclerophyll communities in the south-east and south-west of
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="13FB766CE22AFF9A6312FD34EFC4FD2C" box="[1055,1152,660,684]" name="Australia" pageId="25" pageNumber="380">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="0F7D4B0DE22AFF9A6383FD34EE5EFD2C" author="Hartley TG" box="[1166,1306,660,684]" pageId="25" pageNumber="380" pagination="107 - 111" refId="ref20599" refString="Hartley TG (1995) A new combination in Boronella (Rutaceae) and a view on relationships of the genus. Adansonia 17, 107 - 111." type="journal article" year="1995">Hartley 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
); the only genera outside this group that occur in similar habitat are
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="ACEC4D7FE22AFF9A6276FD14EE96FD4C" box="[1403,1490,692,716]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Boronia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="25" pageNumber="380" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="5998EAEEE22AFF9A6276FD14EE96FD4C" bold="true" box="[1403,1490,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="380">Boronia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(~125 spp. in
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="13FB766CE22AFF9A64F8FD74EF1EFD6C" box="[1013,1114,724,748]" name="Australia" pageId="25" pageNumber="380">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
),
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="ACEC4D7FE22AFF9A6374FD74EFFDFD6C" box="[1145,1209,724,748]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Zieria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="25" pageNumber="380" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="5998EAEEE22AFF9A6374FD74EFFDFD6C" bold="true" box="[1145,1209,724,748]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="380">Zieria</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(~63 spp. in eastern
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="13FB766CE22AFF9A643FFD54E8D3FC8C" box="[818,919,756,780]" name="Australia" pageId="25" pageNumber="380">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
),
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="ACEC4D7FE22AFF9A64A0FD54EF70FC8C" box="[941,1076,756,780]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Neobyrnesia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="25" pageNumber="380" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="5998EAEEE22AFF9A64A0FD54EF70FC8C" bold="true" box="[941,1076,756,780]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="380">Neobyrnesia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<specimenCount id="7DEAFD75E22AFF9A6346FD54EFC4FC8C" box="[1099,1152,756,780]" count="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="380" type="generic">1 sp.</specimenCount>
|
||||
in
|
||||
<collectionCode id="0DFDAE39E22AFF9A63A6FD55EFF9FC8C" box="[1195,1213,757,780]" country="China" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13092" name="Nanjing University" pageId="25" pageNumber="380" type="Herbarium">N</collectionCode>
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="A928F81EE22AFF9A63C5FD54EEDCFC8C" box="[1224,1432,756,780]" country="Australia" name="Northern Territory" pageId="25" pageNumber="380">Northern Territory</collectingRegion>
|
||||
) and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="ACEC4D7FE22AFF9A643FFCB3E891FCAB" box="[818,981,787,811]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Cyanothamnus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="25" pageNumber="380" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="5998EAEEE22AFF9A643FFCB3E891FCAB" bold="true" box="[818,981,787,811]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="380">Cyanothamnus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(23 spp. in
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="13FB766CE22AFF9A635BFCB4EFF8FCAC" box="[1110,1212,788,812]" name="Australia" pageId="25" pageNumber="380">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
). Because of this, they are an important component of the Australian flora.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="6B5336FCE22AFF9A645FFCF4EE30F88C" blockId="25.[818,1490,401,1933]" pageId="25" pageNumber="380">
|
||||
The phylogenetic depth at which the polytomy occurs means that it is largely irrelevant to the taxonomic delimitation of genera but may be pertinent to higher-level classification. Currently, revisions of tribal and subtribal classification are needed for
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="ACEC4D7FE22AFF9A64D8FC74EE7BFC6C" authority="(Appelhans et al. 2021)" baseAuthorityName="Appelhans" baseAuthorityYear="2021" box="[981,1343,979,1004]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="25" pageNumber="380" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">
|
||||
Rutaceae (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="0F7D4B0DE22AFF9A634AFC74EE70FC6C" author="Appelhans MS & Bayly MJ & Heslewood MM & Groppo M & Verboom GA & Forster PI & Kallunki JA & Duretto MF" box="[1095,1332,979,1004]" pageId="25" pageNumber="380" pagination="1035 - 1061" refId="ref18956" refString="Appelhans MS, Bayly MJ, Heslewood MM, Groppo M, Verboom GA, Forster PI, Kallunki JA, Duretto MF (2021) A new subfamily classification of the Citrus family (Rutaceae) based on six nuclear and plastid markers. Taxon 70, 1035 - 1061. doi: 10.1002 / tax. 12543" type="journal article" year="2021">
|
||||
Appelhans
|
||||
<emphasis id="5998EAEEE22AFF9A63B2FC74EFB1FC6B" bold="true" box="[1215,1269,979,1003]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="380">et al.</emphasis>
|
||||
2021
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<collectionCode id="0DFDAE39E22AFF9A6246FC74EE18FC6C" box="[1355,1372,980,1004]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="25" pageNumber="380" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode>
|
||||
new tribal classification would probably apply above the level of the polytomy and, hence, not require its resolution, but a robust future subtribal classification would certainly benefit from the resolution of the branching order of Clades 1–4. Subtribes in the
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="ACEC4D7FE22AFF9A6469FBD4E89AFB0C" authorityName=", Wilson" authorityYear="1998" box="[868,990,1140,1164]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Eriostemon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="25" pageNumber="380" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="5998EAEEE22AFF9A6469FBD4E89AFB0C" bold="true" box="[868,990,1140,1164]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="380">Eriostemon</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
group have been largely neglected since
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="0F7D4B0DE22AFF9A643FFB34E89FFB2C" author="Engler A" box="[818,987,1172,1196]" pageId="25" pageNumber="380" pagination="187 - 359" refId="ref20114" refString="Engler A (1931) Rutaceae. In ' Die Naturlichen Pflanzenfamilien, 2 nd edn. Vol. 19 a'. (Eds A Engler, K Prantl) pp. 187 - 359. (Wilhelm Engelmann: Leipzig, German Republic)" type="journal article" year="1931">Engler (1931)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, who placed the contemporary genera (
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="ACEC4D7FE22AFF9A6436FB14E8F2FB4C" box="[827,950,1204,1228]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Muiriantha" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="25" pageNumber="380" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="5998EAEEE22AFF9A6436FB14E8F2FB4C" bold="true" box="[827,950,1204,1228]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="380">Muiriantha</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
was not yet described) in the
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="ACEC4D7FE22AFF9A6255FB14EE96FB4C" authorityName=", Wilson" authorityYear="1998" box="[1368,1490,1204,1228]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Eriostemon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="25" pageNumber="380" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="5998EAEEE22AFF9A6255FB14EE96FB4C" bold="true" box="[1368,1490,1204,1228]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="380">Eriostemon</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
group across the following four subtribes:
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="ACEC4D7FE22AFF9A622EFB74EE95FB6C" box="[1315,1489,1236,1260]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="25" pageNumber="380" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Eriostemoninae">Eriostemoninae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(including
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="ACEC4D7FE22AFF9A64A4FB53EF67FA8B" box="[937,1059,1267,1291]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Asterolasia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="25" pageNumber="380" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="5998EAEEE22AFF9A64A4FB53EF67FA8B" bold="true" box="[937,1059,1267,1291]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="380">Asterolasia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="ACEC4D7FE22AFF9A633DFB54EFC7FA8C" box="[1072,1155,1268,1292]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Crowea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="25" pageNumber="380" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="5998EAEEE22AFF9A633DFB54EFC7FA8C" bold="true" box="[1072,1155,1268,1292]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="380">Crowea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="ACEC4D7FE22AFF9A639CFB53EE6CFA8B" box="[1169,1320,1267,1291]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Drummondita" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="25" pageNumber="380" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="5998EAEEE22AFF9A639CFB53EE6CFA8B" bold="true" box="[1169,1320,1267,1291]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="380">Drummondita</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(as a section of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="ACEC4D7FE22AFF9A643FFAB4E8E1FAAC" baseAuthorityName="sensu Wilson" baseAuthorityYear="1971" box="[818,933,1300,1324]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Philotheca" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="25" pageNumber="380" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="5998EAEEE22AFF9A643FFAB4E8E1FAAC" bold="true" box="[818,933,1300,1324]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="380">Philotheca</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
),
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="ACEC4D7FE22AFF9A64B0FAB4EF73FAAC" authorityName=", Wilson" authorityYear="1998" box="[957,1079,1300,1324]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Eriostemon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="25" pageNumber="380" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="5998EAEEE22AFF9A64B0FAB4EF73FAAC" bold="true" box="[957,1079,1300,1324]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="380">Eriostemon</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="ACEC4D7FE22AFF9A634AFAB4EF81FAAC" box="[1095,1221,1300,1324]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Geleznowia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="25" pageNumber="380" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="5998EAEEE22AFF9A634AFAB4EF81FAAC" bold="true" box="[1095,1221,1300,1324]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="380">Geleznowia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="ACEC4D7FE22AFF9A63D8FAB4EE7AFAAC" box="[1237,1342,1300,1324]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Leionema" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="25" pageNumber="380" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="5998EAEEE22AFF9A63D8FAB4EE7AFAAC" bold="true" box="[1237,1342,1300,1324]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="380">Leionema</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(as a section of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="ACEC4D7FE22AFF9A645DFA94E887FACC" box="[848,963,1332,1356]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Phebalium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="25" pageNumber="380" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="5998EAEEE22AFF9A645DFA94E887FACC" bold="true" box="[848,963,1332,1356]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="380">Phebalium</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
),
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="ACEC4D7FE22AFF9A64D1FA94EF0BFACC" box="[988,1103,1332,1356]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Phebalium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="25" pageNumber="380" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="5998EAEEE22AFF9A64D1FA94EF0BFACC" bold="true" box="[988,1103,1332,1356]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="380">Phebalium</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="ACEC4D7FE22AFF9A6384FA94EFB8FACC" baseAuthorityName="sensu Wilson" baseAuthorityYear="1971" box="[1161,1276,1332,1356]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Philotheca" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="25" pageNumber="380" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="5998EAEEE22AFF9A6384FA94EFB8FACC" bold="true" box="[1161,1276,1332,1356]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="380">Philotheca</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
), Nematolepidinae (
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="ACEC4D7FE22AFF9A6436FAF3E8F7FAEB" box="[827,947,1363,1387]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Chorilaena" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="25" pageNumber="380" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="5998EAEEE22AFF9A6436FAF3E8F7FAEB" bold="true" box="[827,947,1363,1387]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="380">Chorilaena</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="ACEC4D7FE22AFF9A64E4FAF3EF2BFAEB" box="[1001,1135,1363,1387]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Nematolepis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="25" pageNumber="380" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="5998EAEEE22AFF9A64E4FAF3EF2BFAEB" bold="true" box="[1001,1135,1363,1387]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="380">Nematolepis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
), Correinae (monotypic, including
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="ACEC4D7FE22AFF9A6461FAD4E8F2FA0C" box="[876,950,1396,1420]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Correa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="25" pageNumber="380" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="5998EAEEE22AFF9A6461FAD4E8F2FA0C" bold="true" box="[876,950,1396,1420]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="380">Correa</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
) and Diplolaeninae (monotypic, including
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="ACEC4D7FE22AFF9A643FFA34E8ECFA2C" box="[818,936,1428,1452]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Diplolaena" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="25" pageNumber="380" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="5998EAEEE22AFF9A643FFA34E8ECFA2C" bold="true" box="[818,936,1428,1452]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="380">Diplolaena</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
). Under this scheme,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="ACEC4D7FE22AFF9A63ADFA34EE09FA2C" box="[1184,1357,1428,1452]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="25" pageNumber="380" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Eriostemoninae">Eriostemoninae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is polyphyletic. On the basis of our phylogeny, one could propose a new system that recognises each of the major lineages of the group (i.e. Clades 1–4) as separate subtribes. Alternatively, subtribe
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="ACEC4D7FE22AFF9A6499F9B4EF79F9AC" box="[916,1085,1556,1580]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="25" pageNumber="380" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Eriostemoninae">Eriostemoninae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
could be split into several different subtribes so as to retain Correinae, Diplolaeninae and Nematolepidinae. In any case, a newly proposed classification should be constructed with consideration of relationships across the whole of the
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="ACEC4D7FE22AFF9A6345F934EFEFF92B" box="[1096,1195,1684,1707]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="25" pageNumber="380" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Rutaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
to ensure that taxonomic ranks are applied in a consistent manner, and should also consider the morphological diagnosability of subtribes, something that the current study does not thoroughly do.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="6B5336FCE22AFF99645FF8B4EA54FB0C" blockId="25.[818,1490,401,1933]" lastBlockId="26.[98,770,180,1164]" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="381" pageId="25" pageNumber="380">
|
||||
Beyond taxonomic classification, resolving the branching order of the polytomy would prove useful to studies focussed on macroevolution and biogeography. In terms of morphology, the
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="ACEC4D7FE22AFF9A6321F8D4EFE2F80C" authorityName=", Wilson" authorityYear="1998" box="[1068,1190,1908,1932]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Eriostemon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="25" pageNumber="380" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="5998EAEEE22AFF9A6321F8D4EFE2F80C" bold="true" box="[1068,1190,1908,1932]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="380">Eriostemon</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
group displays multiple characters of biological and ecological interest that have evidently experienced state transitions (e.g. in floral features and phyllotaxy); studies investigating the evolutionary histories of characters by using methods that require bifurcating phylogenetic frameworks, such as ancestral-state reconstructions, would be enabled by resolution of the polytomy. Biogeographically, the
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="ACEC4D7FE229FF9966ECFED4E91FFE0C" authorityName=", Wilson" authorityYear="1998" box="[481,603,372,396]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Eriostemon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="26" pageNumber="381" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="5998EAEEE229FF9966ECFED4E91FFE0C" bold="true" box="[481,603,372,396]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="381">Eriostemon</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
group is noteworthy for having multiple genera that are disjunct between south-western and south-eastern
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="13FB766CE229FF9966CAFE14E96DFE4C" box="[455,553,436,460]" name="Australia" pageId="26" pageNumber="381">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
(e.g.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="ACEC4D7FE229FF996568FE14E99CFE4C" box="[613,728,436,460]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Phebalium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="26" pageNumber="381" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="5998EAEEE229FF996568FE14E99CFE4C" bold="true" box="[613,728,436,460]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="381">Phebalium</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, 16 spp. in south-west, 22 spp. in south-east;
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="ACEC4D7FE229FF996512FE74E9E1FE6C" box="[543,677,468,492]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Nematolepis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="26" pageNumber="381" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="5998EAEEE229FF996512FE74E9E1FE6C" bold="true" box="[543,677,468,492]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="381">Nematolepis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<specimenCount id="7DEAFD75E229FF9965BFFE74E9A2FE6C" box="[690,742,468,492]" count="1" pageId="26" pageNumber="381" type="generic">1 sp.</specimenCount>
|
||||
in south-west, 6 spp. in south-east;
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="ACEC4D7FE229FF9966C9FE53E9BEFD8C" box="[452,762,499,524]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Philotheca" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="26" pageNumber="381" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="section" section="Erionema">
|
||||
<emphasis id="5998EAEEE229FF9966C9FE53E973FD8B" bold="true" box="[452,567,499,523]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="381">Philotheca</emphasis>
|
||||
section
|
||||
<emphasis id="5998EAEEE229FF99659FFE54E9BEFD8C" bold="true" box="[658,762,500,524]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="381">Erionema</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<specimenCount id="7DEAFD75E229FF99676FFDB4EBD0FDAB" box="[98,148,532,556]" count="1" pageId="26" pageNumber="381" type="generic">1 sp.</specimenCount>
|
||||
in south-west, 14 spp. in south-east;
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="ACEC4D7FE229FF99652DFDB4E9DEFDAC" box="[544,666,532,556]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Asterolasia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="26" pageNumber="381" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="5998EAEEE229FF99652DFDB4E9DEFDAC" bold="true" box="[544,666,532,556]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="381">Asterolasia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, 5 spp. in south-west, 14 spp. in south-east). This distribution pattern occurs in many plant taxa and has been attributed to vicariance associated with marine inundations of south-central
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="13FB766CE229FF99676FFD34EB80FD2C" box="[98,196,660,684]" name="Australia" pageId="26" pageNumber="381">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
and subsequent edaphic and climatic barriers during the mid-Miocene (~16–14 million years ago;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="0F7D4B0DE229FF9965C4FD14EA49FD6C" author="Crisp MD & Cook LG" pageId="26" pageNumber="381" pagination="1106 - 1117" refId="ref19712" refString="Crisp MD, Cook LG (2007) A congruent molecular signature of vicariance across multiple plant lineages. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 43, 1106 - 1117. doi: 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2007.02.030" type="journal article" year="2007">Crisp and Cook 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="0F7D4B0DE229FF996610FD74EAB1FD6C" author="Ladiges PY & Bayly MJ & Nelson GJ" box="[285,501,724,748]" pageId="26" pageNumber="381" pagination="267 - 302" refId="ref21330" refString="Ladiges PY, Bayly MJ, Nelson GJ (2010) East - west continental vicariance in Eucalyptus subgenus Eucalyptus. In ' Beyond Cladistics. The Branching of a Paradigm'. (Eds DM Williams, S Knapp) pp. 267 - 302. (University of California Press: Berkeley, CA, USA)" type="book chapter" year="2010">
|
||||
Ladiges
|
||||
<emphasis id="5998EAEEE229FF996674FD74EAF6FD6C" bold="true" box="[377,434,724,748]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="381">et al.</emphasis>
|
||||
2010
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="0F7D4B0DE229FF996508FD74E979FD6C" author="Ladiges PY & Bayly MJ & Nelson G" box="[517,573,724,748]" pageId="26" pageNumber="381" pagination="703 - 708" refId="ref21388" refString="Ladiges PY, Bayly MJ, Nelson G (2012) Searching for ancestral areas and artifactual centers of origin in biogeography: with comment on east - west patterns across southern Australia. Systematic Biology 61, 703 - 708. doi: 10.1093 / sysbio / sys 005" type="journal article" year="2012">2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). Compared with other species-rich families in
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="13FB766CE229FF9966C1FD54E975FC8C" box="[460,561,756,780]" name="Australia" pageId="26" pageNumber="381">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
, the
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="ACEC4D7FE229FF996576FD55E99AFC8C" box="[635,734,757,780]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="26" pageNumber="381" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Rutaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is unconventional in having a higher net diversification rate of genera in the south-east than in the south-west from the Eocene–Oligocene (~34 million years ago) extinction pulse until the mid-Miocene (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="0F7D4B0DE229FF99667DFCD4E961FC0C" author="Nge FJ & Biffin E & Thiele KR & Waycott M" box="[368,549,883,908]" pageId="26" pageNumber="381" pagination="20192546" refId="ref21802" refString="Nge FJ, Biffin E, Thiele KR, Waycott M (2020) Extinction pulse at Eocene - Oligocene boundary drives diversification dynamics of two Australian temperate floras. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London - B. Biological Sciences 287, 20192546. doi: 10.1098 / rspb. 2019.2546" type="journal article" year="2020">
|
||||
Nge
|
||||
<emphasis id="5998EAEEE229FF9966ABFCD4EAA5FC0B" bold="true" box="[422,481,883,907]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="381">et al.</emphasis>
|
||||
2020
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). Resolution of the backbone polytomy would enable the further testing of hypotheses relating to the timing of this vicariance event in the Australian
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="ACEC4D7FE229FF99660AFC74EA2EFC6B" box="[263,362,980,1003]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="26" pageNumber="381" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Rutaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and offer insight into the drivers of generic diversification, and, specifically, whether the diversification of major lineages (i.e. our Clades 1–4) was influenced by such an event. It could also present an opportunity to provide a more robust timing for the split of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="ACEC4D7FE229FF996578FBF4E99BFBEC" box="[629,735,1108,1132]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Myrtopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="26" pageNumber="381" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="5998EAEEE229FF996578FBF4E99BFBEC" bold="true" box="[629,735,1108,1132]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="381">Myrtopsis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
in
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="13FB766CE229FF99676FFBD5EA4FFB0C" box="[98,267,1140,1164]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="26" pageNumber="381">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
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Reference in a new issue